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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One) | ||
þ | Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | |
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2008 | ||
or | ||
o | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 | |
For the Transition Period from to | ||
Commission File Number001-12755 |
Dean Foods Company
(Exact name of the registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 75-2559681 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. employer | |
incorporation or organization) | identification no.) |
2515 McKinney Avenue, Suite 1200
Dallas, Texas 75201
(214) 303-3400
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of the registrant’s principal executive offices)
Dallas, Texas 75201
(214) 303-3400
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of the registrant’s principal executive offices)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” inRule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting companyo |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined inRule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes o No þ
As of October 31, 2008, the number of shares outstanding of each class of common stock was: 153,949,142
Common Stock, par value $.01
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Part I — Financial Information
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
DEAN FOODS COMPANY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share data)
September 30, | December 31, | |||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Assets | ||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 24,720 | $ | 32,555 | ||||
Receivables, net | 894,302 | 913,074 | ||||||
Income tax receivable | — | 17,885 | ||||||
Inventories | 427,203 | 379,773 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes | 118,521 | 128,841 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 60,786 | 59,856 | ||||||
Total current assets | 1,525,532 | 1,531,984 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 1,821,800 | 1,798,378 | ||||||
Goodwill | 3,053,763 | 3,017,746 | ||||||
Identifiable intangible and other assets | 674,772 | 685,248 | ||||||
Total | $ | 7,075,867 | $ | 7,033,356 | ||||
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 1,034,801 | $ | 907,270 | ||||
Current portion of long-term debt | 336,282 | 25,246 | ||||||
Total current liabilities | 1,371,083 | 932,516 | ||||||
Long-term debt | 4,299,145 | 5,247,105 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes | 516,748 | 482,212 | ||||||
Other long-term liabilities | 270,097 | 320,256 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) | ||||||||
Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
Preferred stock, none issued | — | — | ||||||
Common stock, 153,928,905 and 132,236,217 shares issued and outstanding, with a par value of $0.01 per share | 1,539 | 1,322 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 522,747 | 70,214 | ||||||
Retained earnings | 184,942 | 67,533 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (90,434 | ) | (87,802 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 618,794 | 51,267 | ||||||
Total | $ | 7,075,867 | $ | 7,033,356 | ||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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DEAN FOODS COMPANY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share data)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share data)
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30 | September 30 | |||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 3,194,669 | $ | 3,116,796 | $ | 9,374,188 | $ | 8,590,190 | ||||||||
Cost of sales | 2,462,949 | 2,457,473 | 7,214,574 | 6,555,543 | ||||||||||||
Gross profit | 731,720 | 659,323 | 2,159,614 | 2,034,647 | ||||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
Selling and distribution | 468,474 | 430,816 | 1,368,086 | 1,275,026 | ||||||||||||
General and administrative | 120,705 | 103,098 | 345,013 | 312,911 | ||||||||||||
Amortization of intangibles | 1,767 | 2,287 | 5,049 | 6,223 | ||||||||||||
Facility closing and reorganization costs | 8,960 | 19,469 | 16,370 | 27,702 | ||||||||||||
Other operating loss | — | 347 | — | 1,689 | ||||||||||||
Total operating costs and expenses | 599,906 | 556,017 | 1,734,518 | 1,623,551 | ||||||||||||
Operating income | 131,814 | 103,306 | 425,096 | 411,096 | ||||||||||||
Other (income) expense: | ||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 74,709 | 89,657 | 235,026 | 244,384 | ||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net | (242 | ) | 612 | 515 | 5,458 | |||||||||||
Total other expense | 74,467 | 90,269 | 235,541 | 249,842 | ||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations before income taxes | 57,347 | 13,037 | 189,555 | 161,254 | ||||||||||||
Income taxes | 19,544 | 6,520 | 72,095 | 63,357 | ||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | 37,803 | 6,517 | 117,460 | 97,897 | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | (51 | ) | (35 | ) | (51 | ) | 821 | |||||||||
Net income | $ | 37,752 | $ | 6,482 | $ | 117,409 | $ | 98,718 | ||||||||
Average common shares: | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | 153,137,212 | 130,671,408 | 147,688,222 | 129,866,142 | ||||||||||||
Diluted | 157,286,164 | 137,669,254 | 152,434,628 | 137,068,051 | ||||||||||||
Basic earnings per common share: | ||||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 0.25 | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.80 | $ | 0.75 | ||||||||
Income from discontinued operations | — | — | — | 0.01 | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 0.25 | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.80 | $ | 0.76 | ||||||||
Diluted earnings per common share: | ||||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.77 | $ | 0.71 | ||||||||
Income from discontinued operations | — | — | — | 0.01 | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.77 | $ | 0.72 | ||||||||
Cash dividend paid | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 15.00 | ||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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DEAN FOODS COMPANY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share data)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share data)
Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional | Other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock | Paid-In | Retained | Comprehensive | Stockholders’ | Comprehensive | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Capital | Earnings | Income (Loss) | Equity | Income (Loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2007 | 132,236,217 | $ | 1,322 | $ | 70,214 | $ | 67,533 | $ | (87,802 | ) | $ | 51,267 | ||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock | 2,992,361 | 30 | 26,604 | — | — | 26,634 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense | — | — | 26,639 | — | — | 26,639 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Public offering of equity securities | 18,700,327 | 187 | 399,290 | — | — | 399,477 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | 117,409 | — | 117,409 | $ | 117,409 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net of tax benefit of $14,340 | — | — | — | — | (21,720 | ) | (21,720 | ) | (21,720 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified to income statement related to hedging activities, net of tax of $(12,720) | — | — | — | — | 21,199 | 21,199 | 21,199 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment | — | — | — | — | (2,111 | ) | (2,111 | ) | (2,111 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 114,777 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, September 30, 2008 | 153,928,905 | $ | 1,539 | $ | 522,747 | $ | 184,942 | $ | (90,434 | ) | $ | 618,794 | ||||||||||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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DEAN FOODS COMPANY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Nine Months Ended | ||||||||
September 30 | ||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 117,409 | $ | 98,718 | ||||
(Income) loss from discontinued operations | 51 | (821 | ) | |||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 177,726 | 174,185 | ||||||
Share-based compensation expense | 26,639 | 27,188 | ||||||
Loss on disposition of assets | 1,237 | 1,343 | ||||||
Write-down of impaired assets | 9,398 | 6,318 | ||||||
Loss on divestitures of operations | — | 1,688 | ||||||
Write-off of financing costs | — | 13,545 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes | 45,775 | 4,897 | ||||||
Other | (1,331 | ) | 1,075 | |||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: | ||||||||
Receivables | 25,115 | (136,329 | ) | |||||
Inventories | (38,965 | ) | (55,828 | ) | ||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets | 7,268 | 13,349 | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 67,618 | 121,168 | ||||||
Income taxes payable/receivable | 20,783 | (49,807 | ) | |||||
Net cash provided by continuing operations | 458,723 | 220,689 | ||||||
Net cash used in discontinued operations | (463 | ) | — | |||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 458,260 | 220,689 | ||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
Payments for property, plant and equipment | (171,008 | ) | (165,192 | ) | ||||
Payments for acquisitions and investments, net of cash received | (75,200 | ) | (131,689 | ) | ||||
Net proceeds from divestitures | — | 12,169 | ||||||
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets | 7,121 | 11,831 | ||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (239,087 | ) | (272,881 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
Proceeds from the issuance of debt | — | 1,912,500 | ||||||
Repayment of debt | (27,741 | ) | (327,804 | ) | ||||
Net proceeds from (payments for) revolver and receivables-backed facility | (625,378 | ) | 413,100 | |||||
Payments of financing costs | — | (31,281 | ) | |||||
Issuance of common stock | 418,746 | 27,752 | ||||||
Payment of special cash dividend | — | (1,942,738 | ) | |||||
Tax savings on share-based compensation | 7,365 | 14,529 | ||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (227,008 | ) | 66,058 | |||||
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (7,835 | ) | 13,866 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 32,555 | 31,140 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 24,720 | $ | 45,006 | ||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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DEAN FOODS COMPANY
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Periods ended September 30, 2008 and 2007
(Unaudited)
1. | General |
Basis of Presentation — The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report have been prepared on the same basis as the Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2007 Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. In our opinion, we have made all necessary adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) in order to present fairly, in all material respects, our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of the dates and for the periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been omitted. Our results of operations for the period ended September 30, 2008 may not be indicative of our operating results for the full year. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements contained in our 2007 Annual Report onForm 10-K (filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2008).
Effective January 1, 2008, we changed our presentation of reportable segments to reflect changes in the way our chief operating decision maker evaluates the performance of our operations, develops strategy, and allocates capital resources. Our reporting segments now consist of our DSD Dairy and WhiteWave-Morningstar operations. Included in the WhiteWave-Morningstar segment are the operations previously included in our former WhiteWave reportable segment and our Morningstar operations that were previously included in our former Dairy Group segment. Our historical segment disclosures have been recast to be consistent with our current presentation.
Unless otherwise indicated, references in this report to “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Dean Foods Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements — The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued staff positionNo. 157-3, “Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active” (“FSPFAS 157-3”) in October 2008. FSPFAS 157-3 clarifies the application of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (which we adopted effective January 1, 2008), in a market that is not active and provides an example to illustrate key considerations in determining the fair value of a financial asset when the market for that financial asset is not active. FSPFAS 157-3 was effective for us on September 30, 2008 for all financial assets and liabilities recognized or disclosed at fair value in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statement on a recurring basis (at least annually). The adoption of this provision did not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements — The FASB issued staff positionNo. 157-2(“FSP FAS 157-2”), “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157”, in February 2008. FSPFAS 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157, one year for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. We do not believe the adoption of this delayed provision will have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), “Business Combinations” in December 2007. SFAS No. 141(R) contains a number of major changes affecting the allocation of the value of acquired assets and liabilities, including requiring an acquirer to measure the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at their fair values on the acquisition date, with goodwill being the excess value over the net identifiable assets acquired. This standard also requires the fair value measurement of certain other assets and liabilities related to the acquisition such as contingencies and research and development. In addition, acquisition-related costs must be expensed as incurred. The provisions of
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SFAS No. 141(R) apply only to acquisition transactions completed in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. However, in the fourth quarter, we may elect to write-off deferred transaction costs related to transactions expected to close subsequent to December 31, 2008. We are currently evaluating what impact the adoption of this revised standard will have on our future Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. This standard will become effective for us on January 1, 2009.
The FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements” in December 2007. SFAS No. 160 clarifies that a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary should be reported as equity in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Consolidated net income should include the net income for both the parent and the noncontrolling interest with disclosure of both amounts on the condensed consolidated statement of income. The calculation of earnings per share will continue to be based on income amounts attributable to the parent. We do not believe the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. This standard will become effective for us on January 1, 2009.
The FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosure About Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities — an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” in March 2008. SFAS No. 161 requires enhanced disclosures about an entity’s derivative and hedging activities and thereby improves the transparency of financial reporting. We do not believe the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. This standard will become effective for us on January 1, 2009.
The FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles” in May 2008. SFAS No. 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements. SFAS No. 162 is effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) amendments to AU Section 411, “The Meaning of ‘Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles’ ”. We do not believe the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
2. | Acquisitions |
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, our DSD Dairy segment’s acquisition activities totaled approximately $75 million, including transaction costs. These activities included purchases of the following:
• | On January 9, 2008, a milk, cottage cheese and sour cream products manufacturing facility in Le Mars, Iowa. | |
• | On February 21, 2008, a fluid dairy manufacturing facility in Richmond, Virginia. | |
• | On April 7, 2008, a fluid dairy business in Atlanta, Georgia. | |
• | On September 22, 2008, an ice cream manufacturing facility in Decatur, Indiana. |
These transactions were funded with borrowings under our senior credit facility. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed in these acquisitions are recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The fair values are subject to refinement as we complete our analyses relative to the fair values at the respective acquisition dates. These analyses have not been completed as of September 30, 2008. The pro forma impact of these acquisitions, in the aggregate, on consolidated net earnings would not have materially changed reported net earnings.
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3. | Inventories |
Inventories at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 consisted of the following:
September 30, | December 31, | |||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Raw materials and supplies | $ | 186,574 | $ | 172,099 | ||||
Finished goods | 240,629 | 207,674 | ||||||
Total | $ | 427,203 | $ | 379,773 | ||||
4. | Intangible Assets |
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 are as follows:
WhiteWave- | ||||||||||||
DSD Dairy | Morningstar | Total | ||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2007 | $ | 2,149,233 | $ | 868,513 | $ | 3,017,746 | ||||||
Acquisitions(1) | 33,324 | 514 | 33,838 | |||||||||
Purchase accounting adjustments | 801 | 1,378 | 2,179 | |||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2008 | $ | 2,183,358 | $ | 870,405 | $ | 3,053,763 | ||||||
(1) | We have not completed a final allocation of the purchase price to the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, associated with the acquisitions completed during 2008. |
The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of our intangibles other than goodwill as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 are as follows:
September 30, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross | Net | Gross | Net | |||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying | Accumulated | Carrying | Carrying | Accumulated | Carrying | |||||||||||||||||||
Amount | Amortization | Amount | Amount | Amortization | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Intangible assets with indefinite lives: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trademarks | $ | 517,516 | $ | — | $ | 517,516 | $ | 517,756 | $ | — | $ | 517,756 | ||||||||||||
Intangible assets with finite lives: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Customer-related and other | 101,072 | (32,951 | ) | 68,121 | 98,273 | (27,621 | ) | 70,652 | ||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 618,588 | $ | (32,951 | ) | $ | 585,637 | $ | 616,029 | $ | (27,621 | ) | $ | 588,408 | ||||||||||
Amortization expense on intangibles for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $1.8 million and $2.3 million, respectively. Amortization expense on intangibles for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $5.0 million and $6.2 million, respectively. Estimated aggregate intangible amortization expense for the next five years is as follows:
2008 | $ | 6.8 million | ||
2009 | 7.8 million | |||
2010 | 7.6 million | |||
2011 | 6.7 million | |||
2012 | 6.5 million |
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5. | Income Taxes |
The Internal Revenue Service concluded the examination of our U.S. federal income tax returns for the years 2004 and 2005 during the third quarter of 2008. The IRS began examining our 2006 U.S. federal income tax return in the second quarter of 2008 with field work scheduled for completion in the fourth quarter of 2009. State income tax returns are generally subject to examination for a period of three to five years after filing. We have various state income tax returns in the process of examination, appeals, or settlement. Our gross unrecognized tax benefits, including accrued interest, decreased by approximately $6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, primarily as a result of settlements of tax authority examinations, adjustments to tax credit carryforwards and the effects of state tax law changes.
6. | Long-Term Debt |
September 30, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Amount | Interest | Amount | Interest | |||||||||||||
Outstanding | Rate | Outstanding | Rate | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Dean Foods Company debt obligations: | ||||||||||||||||
Senior credit facility | $ | 3,273,000 | 5.16 | % | $ | 3,836,800 | 6.44 | % | ||||||||
Senior notes | 498,375 | 7.00 | 498,258 | 7.00 | ||||||||||||
3,771,375 | 4,335,058 | |||||||||||||||
Subsidiary debt obligations: | ||||||||||||||||
Senior notes | 329,217 | 6.625-6.90 | 325,973 | 6.625-6.90 | ||||||||||||
Receivables-backed facility | 524,922 | 4.88 | 600,000 | 6.00 | ||||||||||||
Capital lease obligations and other | 9,913 | 11,320 | ||||||||||||||
864,052 | 937,293 | |||||||||||||||
4,635,427 | 5,272,351 | |||||||||||||||
Less current portion | (336,282 | ) | (25,246 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total long-term portion | $ | 4,299,145 | $ | 5,247,105 | ||||||||||||
Senior Credit Facility — During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, our senior credit facility consisted of a combination of a $1.5 billion5-year senior secured revolving credit facility, a $1.5 billion5-year senior secured term loan A, and a $1.8 billion7-year senior secured term loan B. At September 30, 2008, there were outstanding borrowings of $1.5 billion under the senior secured term loan A and $1.77 billion under the senior secured term loan B. There were no outstanding borrowings under the senior secured revolving credit facility. Letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $158.8 million were issued but undrawn. At September 30, 2008, approximately $1.34 billion was available for future borrowings under the senior secured revolving credit facility, subject to the maximum leverage and minimum interest coverage ratios and the satisfaction of certain ordinary course conditions contained in the credit agreement.
The term loan A is payable in 12 consecutive quarterly installments of:
• | $56.25 million in each of the first eight installments, beginning on June 30, 2009 and ending on March 31, 2011; and | |
• | $262.5 million in each of the next four installments, beginning on June 30, 2011 and ending on April 2, 2012. |
The term loan B will amortize 1% per year, or $4.5 million on a quarterly basis, with any remaining principal balance due at final maturity on April 2, 2014. The senior secured revolving credit facility will be available for the issuance of up to $350 million of letters of credit and up to $150 million for swing line loans. No principal payments are due on the $1.5 billion senior secured revolving credit facility until maturity
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on April 2, 2012. The credit agreement also requires mandatory principal prepayments upon the occurrence of certain asset dispositions, recovery events, or as a result of exceeding certain leverage limits.
Under the senior credit facility, we are required to maintain certain financial covenants, including, but not limited to, maximum leverage and minimum interest coverage ratios. As of September 30, 2008, we were in compliance with all covenants contained in this agreement.
Dean Foods Company Senior Notes — On May 17, 2006, we issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 7.0% senior unsecured notes. The senior unsecured notes mature on June 1, 2016 and interest is payable on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning December 1, 2006. The indenture under which we issued the senior unsecured notes does not contain financial covenants but does contain covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to incur certain indebtedness, enter into sale-leaseback transactions and engage in mergers, consolidations and sales of all or substantially all of our assets. The outstanding balance at September 30, 2008 was $498.4 million.
Subsidiary Senior Notes — The former Dean Foods Company (“Legacy Dean”) had certain senior notes outstanding at the time of its acquisition, of which two remain outstanding. The outstanding notes carry the following interest rates and maturities:
• | $197.9 million ($200 million face value), at 6.625% interest, maturing May 15, 2009; and | |
• | $131.3 million ($150 million face value), at 6.9% interest, maturing October 15, 2017. |
The related indentures do not contain financial covenants but they do contain certain restrictions, including a prohibition against Legacy Dean and its subsidiaries granting liens on certain of their real property interests and a prohibition against Legacy Dean granting liens on the stock of its subsidiaries. The subsidiary senior notes are not guaranteed by Dean Foods Company or Legacy Dean’s wholly owned subsidiaries.
Receivables-Backed Facility — We have a $600 million receivables securitization facility pursuant to which certain of our subsidiaries sell their accounts receivable to three wholly-owned special purpose entities intended to be bankruptcy-remote. The special purpose entities then transfer the receivables to third party asset-backed commercial paper conduits sponsored by major financial institutions. The assets and liabilities of these three special purpose entities are fully reflected on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, and the securitization is treated as a borrowing for accounting purposes. On April 30, 2008, we amended the facility to reflect the reallocation of commitments among the financial institutions following the assignment of the rights and obligations of one financial institution under the facility to an existing financial institution. The March 30, 2010 facility termination date remains unchanged. During the first nine months of 2008, we made payments of $75.1 million on this facility leaving a drawn balance of $524.9 million at September 30, 2008. The receivables-backed facility bears interest at a variable rate based on the commercial paper yield plus an applicable margin as defined in the agreement. The average interest rate on this facility was 4.88% at September 30, 2008. Our ability to re-borrow under this facility is subject to a borrowing base formula. This facility had $75.1 million of availability at September 30, 2008.
Capital Lease Obligations and Other — Capital lease obligations and other subsidiary debt includes various promissory notes for financing current year property and casualty insurance premiums, as well as the purchase of property, plant and equipment and capital lease obligations. The various promissory notes payable provide for interest at varying rates and are payable in monthly installments of principal and interest until maturity, when the remaining principal balances are due. Capital lease obligations represent machinery and equipment financing obligations, which are payable in monthly installments of principal and interest and are collateralized by the related assets financed.
Interest Rate Agreements — We have interest rate swap agreements in place that have been designated as cash flow hedges against variable interest rate exposure on a portion of our debt, with the objective of minimizing the impact of interest rate fluctuations and stabilizing cash flows. These swap agreements provide hedges for loans under our senior credit facility by fixing the LIBOR interest rates specified in the senior credit facility at the interest rates noted below until the indicated expiration dates of these interest rate swap agreements.
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The following table summarizes our various interest rate swap agreements in effect as of September 30, 2008:
Fixed Interest Rates | Expiration Date | Notional Amounts | ||||
(In millions) | ||||||
4.07% to 4.27% | December 2010 | $ | 450 | |||
4.91%(1) | March 2009-2012 | 2,800 |
(1) | The notional amount of the swap agreements decrease by $500 million on March 31, 2009, $800 million on March 31, 2010, and $250 million on March 31, 2011, and the balance on March 30, 2012. |
These swap agreements are required to be recorded as an asset or liability on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value, with an offset to other comprehensive income to the extent the hedge is effective. Derivative gains and losses included in other comprehensive income are reclassified into earnings as the underlying transaction occurs. Any ineffectiveness in our hedges is recorded as an adjustment to interest expense. There was no hedge ineffectiveness for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007.
As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, our derivative liability balances were:
September 30, | December 31, | |||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Current derivative liability | $ | 44,850 | $ | 24,750 | ||||
Long-term derivative liability | 39,309 | 57,278 | ||||||
Total derivative liability | $ | 84,159 | $ | 82,028 | ||||
The impact of our interest rate swaps reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to interest expense (net of taxes) was $10.4 million and $21.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively. Based on current interest rates, we estimate that $28.0 million of hedging activity will be reclassified as interest expense within the next 12 months.
We are exposed to market risk under these arrangements due to the possibility of interest rates on our senior credit facility rising above the rates on our interest rate swap agreements. Credit risk under these arrangements is believed to be remote as the counterparties to our interest rate swap agreements are major financial institutions. However, recently a number of financial institutions similar to those that serve as counterparties to our hedging arrangements have been adversely affected by the global credit crisis and in some cases have been unable to fulfill their debts and other obligations. If any of the counterparties to our hedging arrangements become unable to fulfill their obligations to us, we may lose the financial benefits of these arrangements.
Guarantor Information — On May 17, 2006, we issued $500 million aggregate principal amount of 7.0% senior notes. The senior notes are unsecured obligations and are fully and unconditionally, joint and severally guaranteed by substantially all of our wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries other than our receivables securitization subsidiaries.
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The following condensed consolidating financial statements present the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of Dean Foods Company (“Parent”), the wholly-owned subsidiary guarantors of the senior notes and separately the combined results of the wholly-owned subsidiaries that are not a party to the guarantees. The wholly-owned non-guarantor subsidiaries reflect certain foreign and other operations in addition to our three receivables securitization subsidiaries. We do not allocate interest expense from the receivables-backed facility to the three receivables securitization subsidiaries. Therefore, the interest costs related to this facility are reflected within the guarantor financial information presented.
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non- | ||||||||||||||||||||
Guarantor | Guarantor | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Parent | Subsidiaries | Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Totals | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||||||||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — | $ | 19,647 | $ | 5,073 | $ | — | $ | 24,720 | ||||||||||
Receivables, net | 655 | 12,782 | 880,865 | — | 894,302 | |||||||||||||||
Income tax receivable | (664 | ) | 664 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Inventories | — | 427,203 | — | — | 427,203 | |||||||||||||||
Intercompany receivables | 1,718,606 | 5,220,293 | 218,641 | (7,157,540 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
Other current assets | 99,689 | 79,544 | 74 | — | 179,307 | |||||||||||||||
Total current assets | 1,818,286 | 5,760,133 | 1,104,653 | (7,157,540 | ) | 1,525,532 | ||||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 1,215 | 1,806,570 | 14,015 | — | 1,821,800 | |||||||||||||||
Goodwill | — | 3,053,763 | — | — | 3,053,763 | |||||||||||||||
Identifiable intangible and other assets | 59,772 | 613,939 | 1,061 | — | 674,772 | |||||||||||||||
Investment in subsidiaries | 7,826,828 | — | — | (7,826,828 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 9,706,101 | $ | 11,234,405 | $ | 1,119,729 | $ | (14,984,368 | ) | $ | 7,075,867 | |||||||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||||||||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 118,102 | $ | 916,433 | $ | 266 | $ | — | $ | 1,034,801 | ||||||||||
Intercompany notes | 4,698,297 | 1,940,241 | 519,002 | (7,157,540 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
Current portion of long-term debt | 130,500 | 205,782 | — | — | 336,282 | |||||||||||||||
Total current liabilities | 4,946,899 | 3,062,456 | 519,268 | (7,157,540 | ) | 1,371,083 | ||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | 3,640,875 | 133,348 | 524,922 | — | 4,299,145 | |||||||||||||||
Other long-term liabilities | 499,996 | 286,699 | 150 | — | 786,845 | |||||||||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 618,331 | 7,751,902 | 75,389 | (7,826,828 | ) | 618,794 | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 9,706,101 | $ | 11,234,405 | $ | 1,119,729 | $ | (14,984,368 | ) | $ | 7,075,867 | |||||||||
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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non- | ||||||||||||||||||||
Guarantor | Guarantor | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Parent | Subsidiaries | Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Totals | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||||||||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 601 | $ | 26,557 | $ | 5,397 | $ | — | $ | 32,555 | ||||||||||
Receivables, net | 162 | 14,723 | 898,189 | — | 913,074 | |||||||||||||||
Income tax receivable | 15,504 | 2,381 | — | — | 17,885 | |||||||||||||||
Inventories | — | 379,773 | — | — | 379,773 | |||||||||||||||
Intercompany receivables | 1,312,750 | 4,247,006 | 357,341 | (5,917,097 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
Other current assets | 109,844 | 78,843 | 10 | — | 188,697 | |||||||||||||||
Total current assets | 1,438,861 | 4,749,283 | 1,260,937 | (5,917,097 | ) | 1,531,984 | ||||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 197 | 1,786,063 | 12,118 | — | 1,798,378 | |||||||||||||||
Goodwill | — | 3,017,746 | — | — | 3,017,746 | |||||||||||||||
Identifiable intangible and other assets | 69,971 | 614,218 | 1,059 | — | 685,248 | |||||||||||||||
Investment in subsidiaries | 7,103,613 | — | — | (7,103,613 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 8,612,642 | $ | 10,167,310 | $ | 1,274,114 | $ | (13,020,710 | ) | $ | 7,033,356 | |||||||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||||||||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 62,179 | $ | 844,886 | $ | 205 | $ | — | $ | 907,270 | ||||||||||
Other current liabilities | (232 | ) | 441 | (209 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||
Intercompany notes | 3,652,553 | 1,670,913 | 593,631 | (5,917,097 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||
Current portion of long-term debt | 18,000 | 7,246 | — | — | 25,246 | |||||||||||||||
Total current liabilities | 3,732,500 | 2,523,486 | 593,627 | (5,917,097 | ) | 932,516 | ||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | 4,317,059 | 330,046 | 600,000 | — | 5,247,105 | |||||||||||||||
Other long-term liabilities | 511,816 | 290,302 | 350 | — | 802,468 | |||||||||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 51,267 | 7,023,476 | 80,137 | (7,103,613 | ) | 51,267 | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 8,612,642 | $ | 10,167,310 | $ | 1,274,114 | $ | (13,020,710 | ) | $ | 7,033,356 | |||||||||
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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income | ||||||||||||||||||||
for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non- | ||||||||||||||||||||
Guarantor | Guarantor | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Parent | Subsidiaries | Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Totals | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | — | $ | 3,190,458 | $ | 4,211 | $ | — | $ | 3,194,669 | ||||||||||
Cost of sales | — | 2,459,887 | 3,062 | — | 2,462,949 | |||||||||||||||
Gross profit | — | 730,571 | 1,149 | — | 731,720 | |||||||||||||||
Selling and distribution | — | 468,213 | 261 | — | 468,474 | |||||||||||||||
General, administrative and other | 614 | 120,257 | 1,601 | — | 122,472 | |||||||||||||||
Facility closing, reorganization and other costs | — | 8,960 | — | — | 8,960 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 67,699 | 6,866 | 144 | — | 74,709 | |||||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net | — | 157 | (399 | ) | — | (242 | ) | |||||||||||||
Income from subsidiaries | (125,660 | ) | — | — | 125,660 | — | ||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | 57,347 | 126,118 | (458 | ) | (125,660 | ) | 57,347 | |||||||||||||
Income taxes | 19,544 | 43,575 | (290 | ) | (43,285 | ) | 19,544 | |||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | 37,803 | 82,543 | (168 | ) | (82,375 | ) | 37,803 | |||||||||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | — | (51 | ) | — | — | (51 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 37,803 | $ | 82,492 | $ | (168 | ) | $ | (82,375 | ) | $ | 37,752 | ||||||||
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income | ||||||||||||||||||||
for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non- | ||||||||||||||||||||
Guarantor | Guarantor | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Parent | Subsidiaries | Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Totals | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | — | $ | 3,113,479 | $ | 3,317 | $ | — | $ | 3,116,796 | ||||||||||
Cost of sales | — | 2,454,757 | 2,716 | — | 2,457,473 | |||||||||||||||
Gross profit | — | 658,722 | 601 | — | 659,323 | |||||||||||||||
Selling and distribution | — | 430,627 | 189 | — | 430,816 | |||||||||||||||
General, administrative and other | 1,066 | 103,379 | 940 | — | 105,385 | |||||||||||||||
Facility closing, reorganization and other costs | 346 | 19,470 | — | — | 19,816 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 74,559 | 14,870 | 228 | — | 89,657 | |||||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net | 750 | 488 | (626 | ) | — | 612 | ||||||||||||||
Income from subsidiaries | (89,758 | ) | — | — | 89,758 | — | ||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | 13,037 | 89,888 | (130 | ) | (89,758 | ) | 13,037 | |||||||||||||
Income taxes | 6,520 | 35,343 | (55 | ) | (35,288 | ) | 6,520 | |||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | 6,517 | 54,545 | (75 | ) | (54,470 | ) | 6,517 | |||||||||||||
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | — | — | (35 | ) | — | (35 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 6,517 | $ | 54,545 | $ | (110 | ) | $ | (54,470 | ) | $ | 6,482 | ||||||||
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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income | ||||||||||||||||||||
for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non- | ||||||||||||||||||||
Guarantor | Guarantor | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Parent | Subsidiaries | Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Totals | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | — | $ | 9,360,361 | $ | 13,827 | $ | — | $ | 9,374,188 | ||||||||||
Cost of sales | — | 7,203,839 | 10,735 | — | 7,214,574 | |||||||||||||||
Gross profit | — | 2,156,522 | 3,092 | — | 2,159,614 | |||||||||||||||
Selling and distribution | — | 1,367,345 | 741 | — | 1,368,086 | |||||||||||||||
General, administrative and other | 1,755 | 344,907 | 3,400 | — | 350,062 | |||||||||||||||
Facility closing, reorganization and other costs | — | 16,370 | — | — | 16,370 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 203,351 | 31,585 | 90 | — | 235,026 | |||||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net | 571 | (558 | ) | 502 | — | 515 | ||||||||||||||
Income from subsidiaries | (395,232 | ) | — | — | 395,232 | — | ||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | 189,555 | 396,873 | (1,641 | ) | (395,232 | ) | 189,555 | |||||||||||||
Income taxes | 72,095 | 148,008 | (532 | ) | (147,476 | ) | 72,095 | |||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | 117,460 | 248,865 | (1,109 | ) | (247,756 | ) | 117,460 | |||||||||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | — | (51 | ) | — | — | (51 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 117,460 | $ | 248,814 | $ | (1,109 | ) | $ | (247,756 | ) | $ | 117,409 | ||||||||
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income | ||||||||||||||||||||
for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non- | ||||||||||||||||||||
Guarantor | Guarantor | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Parent | Subsidiaries | Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Totals | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | — | $ | 8,584,060 | $ | 6,130 | $ | — | $ | 8,590,190 | ||||||||||
Cost of sales | — | 6,550,700 | 4,843 | — | 6,555,543 | |||||||||||||||
Gross profit | — | 2,033,360 | 1,287 | — | 2,034,647 | |||||||||||||||
Selling and distribution | — | 1,274,558 | 468 | — | 1,275,026 | |||||||||||||||
General, administrative and other | 3,926 | 312,462 | 2,746 | — | 319,134 | |||||||||||||||
Facility closing, reorganization and other costs | 464 | 28,927 | — | — | 29,391 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense | 192,341 | 51,612 | 431 | — | 244,384 | |||||||||||||||
Other (income) expense, net | 5,645 | 774 | (961 | ) | — | 5,458 | ||||||||||||||
Income from subsidiaries | (363,630 | ) | — | — | 363,630 | — | ||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | 161,254 | 365,027 | (1,397 | ) | (363,630 | ) | 161,254 | |||||||||||||
Income taxes | 63,357 | 139,771 | (531 | ) | (139,240 | ) | 63,357 | |||||||||||||
�� | ||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | 97,897 | 225,256 | (866 | ) | (224,390 | ) | 97,897 | |||||||||||||
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | — | — | 821 | — | 821 | |||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 97,897 | $ | 225,256 | $ | (45 | ) | $ | (224,390 | ) | $ | 98,718 | ||||||||
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Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows | ||||||||||||||||
for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
Non- | ||||||||||||||||
Guarantor | Guarantor | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||
Parent | Subsidiaries | Subsidiaries | Totals | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | (50,657 | ) | $ | 492,633 | $ | 16,284 | $ | 458,260 | |||||||
Additions to property, plant and equipment | (1,086 | ) | (167,131 | ) | (2,791 | ) | (171,008 | ) | ||||||||
Payments for acquisitions and investments, net of cash received | (75,200 | ) | — | — | (75,200 | ) | ||||||||||
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets | — | 7,121 | — | 7,121 | ||||||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (76,286 | ) | (160,010 | ) | (2,791 | ) | (239,087 | ) | ||||||||
Net repayment of debt | (13,500 | ) | (14,241 | ) | — | (27,741 | ) | |||||||||
Net repayment of revolver and receivables-backed facility | (550,300 | ) | — | (75,078 | ) | (625,378 | ) | |||||||||
Issuance of common stock | 418,746 | — | — | 418,746 | ||||||||||||
Tax savings on share-based compensation | 7,365 | — | — | 7,365 | ||||||||||||
Net change in intercompany balances | 264,031 | (325,292 | ) | 61,261 | — | |||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 126,342 | (339,533 | ) | (13,817 | ) | (227,008 | ) | |||||||||
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (601 | ) | (6,910 | ) | (324 | ) | (7,835 | ) | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 601 | 26,557 | 5,397 | 32,555 | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | — | $ | 19,647 | $ | 5,073 | $ | 24,720 | ||||||||
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows | ||||||||||||||||
for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
Non- | ||||||||||||||||
Guarantor | Guarantor | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||
Parent | Subsidiaries | Subsidiaries | Totals | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | (136,388 | ) | $ | 540,190 | $ | (183,113 | ) | $ | 220,689 | ||||||
Additions to property, plant and equipment | (521 | ) | (164,410 | ) | (261 | ) | (165,192 | ) | ||||||||
Payments for acquisitions and investments, net of cash received | (131,689 | ) | — | — | (131,689 | ) | ||||||||||
Net proceeds from divestitures | 12,169 | — | — | 12,169 | ||||||||||||
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets | — | 11,831 | — | 11,831 | ||||||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (120,041 | ) | (152,579 | ) | (261 | ) | (272,881 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of debt | 1,912,500 | — | — | 1,912,500 | ||||||||||||
Repayment of debt | (65,250 | ) | (262,554 | ) | — | (327,804 | ) | |||||||||
Net proceeds from revolver and receivables-backed facility | 325,600 | — | 87,500 | 413,100 | ||||||||||||
Payment of financing costs | (31,281 | ) | — | — | (31,281 | ) | ||||||||||
Issuance of common stock | 27,752 | — | — | 27,752 | ||||||||||||
Payment of special cash dividend | (1,942,738 | ) | — | — | (1,942,738 | ) | ||||||||||
Tax savings on share-based compensation | 14,529 | — | — | 14,529 | ||||||||||||
Net change in intercompany balances | 22,173 | (117,052 | ) | 94,879 | — | |||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 263,285 | (379,606 | ) | 182,379 | 66,058 | |||||||||||
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 6,856 | 8,005 | (995 | ) | 13,866 | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 579 | 26,254 | 4,307 | 31,140 | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 7,435 | $ | 34,259 | $ | 3,312 | $ | 45,006 | ||||||||
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7. | Common Stock and Share-Based Compensation |
Public Offering of Equity Securities —On March 5, 2008, we issued and sold 18.7 million shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share, in a public offering pursuant to a registration statement onForm S-3. We received net proceeds of approximately $400 million from the offering. The net proceeds from the offering were used to reduce debt outstanding under the revolving portion of our senior credit facility.
Stock Options — The following table summarizes stock option activity during the first nine months of 2008:
Weighted | ||||||||||||||||
Weighted | Average | Aggregate | ||||||||||||||
Average | Contractual Life | Intrinsic | ||||||||||||||
Options | Exercise Price | (Years) | Value | |||||||||||||
Options outstanding at December 31, 2007 | 22,016,663 | $ | 18.40 | |||||||||||||
Options granted | 2,981,838 | 25.02 | ||||||||||||||
Options canceled or forfeited(1) | (1,029,979 | ) | 22.33 | |||||||||||||
Options exercised | (3,484,287 | ) | 12.12 | |||||||||||||
Options outstanding at September 30, 2008 | 20,484,235 | 20.23 | 6.05 | $ | 99,086,905 | |||||||||||
Options exercisable at September 30, 2008 | 14,160,197 | 17.26 | 4.95 | 98,777,485 |
(1) | Pursuant to the terms of our stock option plans, options that are canceled or forfeited become available for future grants. |
During the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we recognized stock option expense of $5.9 million and $5.8 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we recognized stock option expense of $17.7 million and $17.3 million, respectively.
Restricted Stock Units — The following table summarizes restricted stock unit (“stock unit”) activity during the first nine months of 2008:
Employees | Directors | Total | ||||||||||
Stock units outstanding at December 31, 2007 | 1,140,152 | 78,863 | 1,219,015 | |||||||||
Stock units issued | 924,306 | 22,950 | 947,256 | |||||||||
Shares issued upon vesting of stock units | (175,931 | ) | (30,132 | ) | (206,063 | ) | ||||||
Stock units canceled or forfeited(1) | (105,106 | ) | — | (105,106 | ) | |||||||
Stock units outstanding at September 30, 2008 | 1,783,421 | 71,681 | 1,855,102 | |||||||||
Weighted average grant date fair value | $ | 26.70 | $ | 21.24 | $ | 26.53 |
(1) | Pursuant to the terms of our stock unit plans, employees have the option of forfeiting stock units to cover their minimum statutory tax withholding when shares are issued. Stock units that are canceled or forfeited become available for future grants. |
During the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we recognized stock unit expense of $3.0 million and $2.3 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we recognized stock unit expense of $8.9 million and $9.8 million, respectively.
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8. | Earnings Per Share |
Basic earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and the effect of all dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding during each period. The following table reconciles the numerators and denominators used in the computations of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”):
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30 | September 30 | |||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
(In thousands, except share data) | ||||||||||||||||
Basic EPS computation: | ||||||||||||||||
Numerator: | ||||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 37,803 | $ | 6,517 | $ | 117,460 | $ | 97,897 | ||||||||
Denominator: | ||||||||||||||||
Average common shares | 153,137,212 | 130,671,408 | 147,688,222 | 129,866,142 | ||||||||||||
Basic EPS from continuing operations | $ | 0.25 | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.80 | $ | 0.75 | ||||||||
Diluted EPS computation: | ||||||||||||||||
Numerator: | ||||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | $ | 37,803 | $ | 6,517 | $ | 117,460 | $ | 97,897 | ||||||||
Denominator: | ||||||||||||||||
Average common shares — basic | 153,137,212 | 130,671,408 | 147,688,222 | 129,866,142 | ||||||||||||
Stock option conversion(1) | 4,035,168 | 6,817,287 | 4,551,102 | 6,769,919 | ||||||||||||
Stock units(2) | 113,784 | 180,559 | 195,304 | 431,990 | ||||||||||||
Average common shares — diluted | 157,286,164 | 137,669,254 | 152,434,628 | 137,068,051 | ||||||||||||
Diluted EPS from continuing operations | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.77 | $ | 0.71 | ||||||||
(1) Anti-dilutive stock options excluded | 9,980,380 | 3,478,484 | 9,967,473 | 2,467,057 | ||||||||||||
(2) Anti-dilutive stock units excluded | 561,365 | 98,666 | 956,632 | 11,581 |
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9. | Employee Retirement and Postretirement Benefits |
Defined Benefit Plans — The benefits under our defined benefit plans are based on years of service and employee compensation.
Three Months | Nine Months | |||||||||||||||
Ended | Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30 | September 30 | |||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Components of net periodic pension cost: | ||||||||||||||||
Service cost | $ | 620 | $ | 675 | $ | 1,861 | $ | 2,026 | ||||||||
Interest cost | 4,040 | 4,246 | 12,120 | 12,738 | ||||||||||||
Expected return on plan assets | (4,796 | ) | (4,681 | ) | (14,389 | ) | (14,043 | ) | ||||||||
Amortizations: | ||||||||||||||||
Unrecognized transition obligation | 28 | 28 | 84 | 84 | ||||||||||||
Prior service cost | 222 | 211 | 668 | 632 | ||||||||||||
Unrecognized net loss | 510 | 719 | 1,529 | 2,157 | ||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 624 | $ | 1,198 | $ | 1,873 | $ | 3,594 | ||||||||
Postretirement Benefits — Certain of our subsidiaries provide health care benefits to certain retirees who are covered under specific group contracts.
Three Months | Nine Months | |||||||||||||||
Ended | Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30 | September 30 | |||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Components of net periodic benefit cost: | ||||||||||||||||
Service cost | $ | 380 | $ | 357 | $ | 1,140 | $ | 1,072 | ||||||||
Interest cost | 426 | 412 | 1,278 | 1,235 | ||||||||||||
Amortizations: | ||||||||||||||||
Prior service cost | (17 | ) | (17 | ) | (51 | ) | (51 | ) | ||||||||
Unrecognized net loss | 156 | 266 | 467 | 798 | ||||||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 945 | $ | 1,018 | $ | 2,834 | $ | 3,054 | ||||||||
10. | Facility Closing And Reorganization Costs |
We recorded net facility closing and reorganization costs of $9.0 million and $19.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $16.4 and $27.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Those costs included the following types of cash and non-cash charges:
• | Workforce reductions as a result of facility closings, facility reorganizations and consolidation of administrative functions; | |
• | Shutdown costs, including those costs necessary to prepare abandoned facilities for closure; | |
• | Costs incurred after shutdown, such as lease obligations or termination costs, utilities and property taxes; | |
• | Costs associated with the centralization of certain finance and transaction processing activities from local to regional facilities; and |
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• | Write-downs of property, plant and equipment and other assets, primarily for asset impairments as a result of the decision to close a facility. The impairments relate primarily to owned buildings, land and equipment at the facilities, which are written down to their estimated fair value. |
Approved plans within our multi-year initiatives and related charges are summarized as follows:
Three Months | Nine Months | |||||||||||||||
Ended | Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30 | September 30 | |||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Closure of facilities: | ||||||||||||||||
DSD Dairy(1) | $ | 8,130 | $ | 2,718 | $ | 12,375 | $ | 7,324 | ||||||||
WhiteWave-Morningstar(2) | 549 | — | 3,493 | — | ||||||||||||
Workforce reductions within the DSD Dairy segment resulting from: | ||||||||||||||||
Realignment of finance and transaction processing activities(3) | 281 | 2,483 | 502 | 3,845 | ||||||||||||
Management realignment(4) | — | 8,268 | — | 10,533 | ||||||||||||
Broad based reduction of facility and distribution personnel(5) | — | 6,000 | — | 6,000 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 8,960 | $ | 19,469 | $ | 16,370 | $ | 27,702 | ||||||||
(1) | Charges primarily relate to the closure of facilities in Hickory, North Carolina; Denver, Colorado; Union, New Jersey; Detroit, Michigan; Kalispell, Montana; and Akron, Ohio. We expect to incur additional charges related to these facility closures of $5.9 million, related to shutdown and other costs. As we continue the evaluation of our supply chain, it is likely that we will close additional facilities in the future. | |
(2) | Charges primarily relate to the closure of a facility in Belleville, Pennsylvania. We expect to incur additional charges related to this facility closure of $1.7 million, related to shutdown and other costs. | |
(3) | In 2006, we began the centralization of certain finance and transaction processing activities from local to regional facilities. We have incurred $7.4 million of workforce reduction costs since the inception of this initiative and expect to incur $1.1 million of additional costs through the end of 2009. We will continue to evaluate additional opportunities for centralization of activities, which could result in additional charges in the future. | |
(4) | In 2007, we realigned certain management positions within our former Dairy Group segment to facilitate supply-chain focused platforms. This resulted in the elimination of certain regional and corporate office positions, including the former President of the former Dairy Group segment. These positions will not be replaced. As part of this initiative, we incurred $10.6 million of workforce reduction costs, $3.4 million of which was a non-cash charge resulting from acceleration of vesting on share-based compensation. This initiative was completed as of the year ended December 31, 2007. | |
(5) | In 2007, we approved a plan to reduce the former Dairy Group’s manufacturing and distribution workforce by approximately600-700 positions. The decision to reduce employment is part of our multi-year productivity initiative to increase efficiency and capability of the former Dairy Group operations. As part of this initiative, we incurred $9.4 million of workforce reduction costs, of which $6.0 million was recognized in the third quarter of 2007, and the remaining $3.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2007. This initiative was completed as of the year ended December 31, 2007. |
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Activity for the first nine months of 2008 with respect to facility closing and reorganization costs is summarized below and includes items expensed as incurred:
Accrued | Accrued | |||||||||||||||
Charges at | Charges at | |||||||||||||||
December 31, | September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2007 | Charges | Payments | 2008 | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Cash charges: | ||||||||||||||||
Workforce reduction costs | $ | 13,062 | $ | 3,647 | $ | (12,215 | ) | $ | 4,494 | |||||||
Shutdown costs | 19 | 2,200 | (2,184 | ) | 35 | |||||||||||
Lease obligations after shutdown | 43 | 167 | (195 | ) | 15 | |||||||||||
Other | 88 | 958 | (1,046 | ) | — | |||||||||||
Subtotal | $ | 13,212 | 6,972 | $ | (15,640 | ) | $ | 4,544 | ||||||||
Noncash charges: | ||||||||||||||||
Write-down of assets(1) | 9,398 | |||||||||||||||
Total charges | $ | 16,370 | ||||||||||||||
(1) | The write-down of assets relates primarily to owned buildings, land and equipment of those facilities identified for closure. The assets are written down to their estimated fair value. The effect of suspending depreciation on the buildings and equipment related to the closed facilities was not significant. The carrying value of closed facilities at September 30, 2008 was $15.7 million. We are marketing these properties for sale. |
We are currently working through a multi-year initiative to optimize our manufacturing and distribution capabilities. This initiative will have multiple phases as we evaluate and modify historical activities surrounding purchasing, support, and decision-making infrastructure, supply chain, selling organization, brand building, and product innovation. These initiatives will require investments in people, systems, tools, and facilities. As a direct result of these initiatives, over the next several years, we will incur facility closing and reorganization costs including:
• | One-time termination benefits to employees; | |
• | Write-down of operating assets prior to the end of their respective economic useful lives; | |
• | Shutdown costs, including those costs necessary to prepare abandoned facilities for closure; and | |
• | Costs incurred after shutdown, such as lease obligations or termination costs, utilities and property taxes. |
We consider several factors when evaluating a potential facility closure, including, among other things, the impact of such a closure on our customers, the impact on production, distribution and overhead costs, the investment required to complete any such closure, and the impact on future investment decisions. Some facility closures are pursued to improve our operating cost structure, while others enable us to avoid unnecessary capital expenditures, allowing us to more prudently invest our capital expenditure dollars in our production facilities and better serve our customers.
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11. | Fair Value Measurement |
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”. SFAS No. 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), and expands disclosures about fair market value measurements. SFAS No. 157 clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering assumptions, SFAS No. 157 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
• | Level 1 — Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. | |
• | Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations, in which all significant inputs are observable in active market. | |
• | Level 3 — Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. |
In addition, SFAS No. 157 requires disclosures about the use of fair value to measure assets and liabilities to enable the assessment of inputs used to develop fair value measures, and for unobservable inputs, to determine the effects of the measurements on earnings.
Effective January 1, 2008, we partially adopted SFAS No. 157 and have applied its provisions to financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value and non-financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (at least annually). We have not yet adopted SFAS No. 157 for non-financial assets and liabilities, in accordance with FSPFAS 157-2. FSPFAS 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157 to January 1, 2009, for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
We use certain cash flow hedging derivative instruments to manage interest rate exposures on a portion of our debt. These derivative instruments are measured at fair value using direct observable swap rates at commonly quoted intervals for the full term of the swap.
A summary of our cash flow hedging derivative assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2008 is as follows (in thousands):
Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||
as of | ||||||||||||||||
September 30, 2008 | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||||||||||||
Cash flow hedging derivative liability | $ | 84,159 | $ | — | $ | 84,159 | $ | — |
12. | Commitments and Contingencies |
Contingent Obligations Related to Divested Operations — We have divested several businesses in recent years. In each case, we have retained certain known contingent obligations related to those businessesand/or assumed an obligation to indemnify the purchasers of the businesses for certain unknown contingent liabilities, including environmental liabilities. We believe that we have established adequate reserves for potential liabilities and indemnifications related to our divested businesses. Moreover, we do not expect any liability that we may have for these retained liabilities, or any indemnification liability, to materially exceed amounts accrued.
Contingent Obligations Related to Milk Supply Arrangements — On December 21, 2001, in connection with our acquisition of Legacy Dean, we purchased Dairy Farmers of America’s (“DFA”) interest in our operations. In connection with that transaction, we entered into two agreements with DFA designed to ensure that DFA has the opportunity to continue to supply raw milk to certain of our facilities, or be paid for the loss of that business. One such agreement is a promissory note with a20-year term that bears interest based on the consumer price index. Interest will not be paid in cash but will be added to the principal amount of the note
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annually, up to a maximum principal amount of $96 million. We may prepay the note in whole or in part at any time, without penalty. The note will only become payable if we materially breach or terminate one of our milk supply agreements with DFA without renewal or replacement. Otherwise, the note will expire in 2021, without any obligation to pay any portion of the principal or interest. Payments made under the note, if any, would be expensed as incurred. The other agreement would require us to pay damages to DFA if we fail to offer DFA the right to supply milk to certain facilities that we acquired as part of Legacy Dean after the pre-existing agreements with certain other suppliers or producers expire. We have not breached or terminated any of our milk supply agreements with DFA.
Insurance — We retain selected levels of property and casualty risks, primarily related to employee health care, workers’ compensation claims and other casualty losses. Many of these potential losses are covered under conventional insurance programs with third party carriers with high deductible limits. In other areas, we are self-insured with stop-loss coverages. These deductibles range from $500,000 for medical claims to $2.0 million for casualty claims, but may vary higher or lower due to insurance market conditions and risk. We believe that we have established adequate reserves to cover these claims.
Leases and Purchase Obligations — We lease certain property, plant and equipment used in our operations under both capital and operating lease agreements. Such leases, which are primarily for machinery, equipment and vehicles, have lease terms ranging from one to 20 years. Certain of the operating lease agreements require the payment of additional rentals for maintenance, along with additional rentals based on miles driven or units produced. Certain leases require us to guarantee a minimum value of the leased asset at the end of the lease. Our maximum exposure under those guarantees is not a material amount.
We have entered into various contracts obligating us to purchase minimum quantities of raw materials used in our production processes, including organic soybeans and organic raw milk. We enter into these contracts from time to time to ensure a sufficient supply of raw ingredients. In general, we expect to utilize all quantities under the purchase commitments in the normal course of business. In addition, we have contractual obligations to purchase various services that are part of our production process.
Litigation, Investigations and Audits — We are not party to, nor are our properties the subject of, any material pending legal proceedings other than set forth below. However, we are party from time to time to certain claims, litigation, audits and investigations. We believe that we have established adequate reserves to satisfy any potential liability we may have under all such claims, litigations, audits and investigations that are currently pending. In our opinion, the settlement of any such currently pending or threatened matter is not expected to have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We were named, among several defendants, in two purported class action antitrust complaints filed on July 5, 2007. The complaints were filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee, Columbia Division, and allege generally that we and others in the milk industry worked together to limit the price Southeastern dairy farmers are paid for their raw milk and to deny these farmers access to fluid Grade A milk processing facilities (“dairy farmer actions”). A third purported class action antitrust complaint (“retailer action”) was filed on August 9, 2007 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, Greenville Division. The complaint in the retailer action was amended on March 28, 2008. The amended complaint alleges generally that we, either acting alone or in conjunction with others in the milk industry, lessened competition in the Southeastern United States for the sale of processed fluid Grade A milk to retail outlets and other customers, and that the defendants’ conduct also artificially inflated retail prices for direct milk purchasers. Four additional purported class action complaints were filed on August 27, 2007, October 3, 2007, November 15, 2007 and February 13, 2008 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, Greenville Division. The allegations in these complaints are similar to those in the dairy farmer actions.
On January 7, 2008, a United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation transferred all of the pending cases to the Eastern District of Tennessee, Greenville Division. On April 1, 2008, the Eastern District Court ordered the consolidation of the six dairy farmer actions, and ordered the retailer action to be administratively consolidated with the coordinated dairy farmer actions. A motion to dismiss the dairy farmer actions was denied on May 20, 2008, and an amended consolidated complaint was filed by the dairy farmer
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plaintiffs on June 20, 2008. A motion to dismiss the retailer action is currently pending before the Court. These matters are currently in discovery and we intend to vigorously defend them.
On January 18, 2008, our subsidiary, Kohler Mix Specialties, LLC (“Kohler”), was named as defendant in a civil complaint filed in the Superior Court, Judicial District of Hartford. The plaintiff in the case is the Commissioner of Environmental Protection of the State of Connecticut. The complaint alleges generally that Kohler improperly discharged wastewater in to the waters of the State of Connecticut, and bypassed certain wastewater treatment equipment. The plaintiff is seeking injunctive relief and civil penalties with respect to the claims.
At this time, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of the matters set forth above.
13. | Segment, Geographic and Customers Information |
We currently have two reportable segments: DSD Dairy and WhiteWave-Morningstar.
Our DSD Dairy segment is our largest segment with over 80 manufacturing facilities geographically located largely based on local and regional customer needs and other market factors. It manufactures, markets and distributes a wide variety of branded and private-label dairy case products, including milk, creamers, ice cream, juices and teas, to retailers, distributors, foodservice outlets, educational institutions, and governmental entities across the United States. Our direct store delivery or “DSD” business is delivered through what we believe to be one of the most extensive refrigerated DSD systems in the United States.
Our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment consists of two platforms: WhiteWave and Morningstar. Our WhiteWave platform (“WhiteWave”) manufactures, develops, markets and sells a variety of nationally branded soy, dairy and dairy-related products, such asSilk®soymilk and cultured soy products,Horizon Organic®milk and other dairy products,International Delight® coffee creamers,LAND O’LAKES® creamer and fluid dairy products andRachel’s Organic® dairy products. Our Morningstar platform (“Morningstar”) is one of the leading U.S. manufacturers of private label cultured and extended shelf life dairy products such as ice cream mix, sour and whipped cream, yogurt and cottage cheese. Our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment also sellsThe Organic Cow® organic dairy products. Our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment sells its products to a variety of customers, including grocery stores, club stores, natural foods stores, mass merchandisers, convenience stores, drug stores, and foodservice outlets. The majority of the WhiteWave and Morningstar products are delivered through warehouse delivery systems.
We evaluate the performance of our segments based on sales and operating profit or loss before gains and losses on the sale of businesses, facility closing and reorganization costs and foreign exchange gains and losses. In addition, the expense related to share-based compensation has not been allocated to our segments and is reflected entirely within the caption “Corporate.” Therefore, the measure of segment profit or loss presented below is before such items. Our Chief Executive Officer is our chief operating decision maker. The accounting policies of our segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies set forth in Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements contained in our 2007 Annual Report onForm 10-K.
Due to changes in our reportable segments as discussed in Note 1 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, segment results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 have been recast to present results on a comparable basis, including the transfer of $334.4 million of goodwill from the DSD Dairy segment to the WhiteWave-Morningstar segment. These changes had no impact on consolidated net sales or operating income.
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The amounts in the following tables are obtained from reports used by our executive management team and do not include any allocated income taxes or management fees. There are no significant non-cash items reported in segment profit or loss other than depreciation and amortization.
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30 | September 30 | |||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Net sales to external customers: | ||||||||||||||||
DSD Dairy | $ | 2,523,357 | $ | 2,498,634 | $ | 7,432,072 | $ | 6,851,486 | ||||||||
WhiteWave-Morningstar | 671,312 | 618,162 | 1,942,116 | 1,738,704 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 3,194,669 | $ | 3,116,796 | $ | 9,374,188 | $ | 8,590,190 | ||||||||
Intersegment sales: | ||||||||||||||||
DSD Dairy | $ | 13,210 | $ | 18,864 | $ | 38,197 | $ | 41,155 | ||||||||
WhiteWave-Morningstar | 72,561 | 61,871 | 204,971 | 172,368 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 85,771 | $ | 80,735 | $ | 243,168 | $ | 213,523 | ||||||||
Operating income: | ||||||||||||||||
DSD Dairy | $ | 140,444 | $ | 116,543 | $ | 425,606 | $ | 411,347 | ||||||||
WhiteWave-Morningstar | 41,321 | 43,062 | 136,012 | 144,064 | ||||||||||||
Total reportable segment operating income | 181,765 | 159,605 | 561,618 | 555,411 | ||||||||||||
Corporate | (40,991 | ) | (36,483 | ) | (120,152 | ) | (114,924 | ) | ||||||||
Facility closing, reorganization and other costs | (8,960 | ) | (19,816 | ) | (16,370 | ) | (29,391 | ) | ||||||||
Total | $ | 131,814 | $ | 103,306 | $ | 425,096 | $ | 411,096 | ||||||||
September 30, | December 31, | |||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
Assets: | ||||||||
DSD Dairy | $ | 4,776,181 | $ | 4,750,747 | ||||
WhiteWave-Morningstar | 2,064,175 | 2,010,487 | ||||||
Corporate | 235,511 | 272,122 | ||||||
Total | $ | 7,075,867 | $ | 7,033,356 | ||||
Geographic Information — Less than 1% of our net sales and long-lived assets relate to operations outside of the United States.
Significant Customers — Our DSD Dairy and WhiteWave-Morningstar segments each had a single customer that represented greater than 10% of their net sales in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007. Approximately 18.6% and 16.9% of our consolidated net sales in the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, were to that same customer. Approximately 18.4% and 17.8% of our consolidated net sales in the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, were to that same customer.
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report onForm 10-Q (the“Form 10-Q”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Forward-looking statements are predictions based on our current expectations and our projections about future events, and are not statements of historical fact. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning our business strategy, among other things, including anticipated trends and developments in and management plans for our business and the markets in which we operate. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words, such as “estimate,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “plan,” “intend,” “believe,” “forecast,” “foresee,” “likely,” “may,” “should,” “goal,” “target,” “might,” “will,” “could,” “predict,” and “continue,” the negative or plural of these words and other comparable terminology. All forward-looking statements included in thisForm 10-Q are based upon information available to us as of the filing date of thisForm 10-Q, and we undertake no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements for any reason. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these statements. These factors include the matters discussed in the section entitled “Part II — Item 1A — Risk Factors” in thisForm 10-Q, “Part I — Item 1A — Risk Factors” in our 2007 Annual Report onForm 10-K, and elsewhere in thisForm 10-Q. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described under these sections.
Business Overview
We are one of the leading food and beverage companies in the United States. Our DSD Dairy segment is the largest processor and distributor of milk and other dairy products in the country, with products sold under more than 50 familiar local and regional brands and a wide array of private labels. Our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment markets and sells a variety of nationally branded dairy and dairy-related products, such asSilk® soymilk and cultured soy products, Horizon Organic® milk and other dairy products,International Delight® coffee creamers,LAND O’LAKES® creamers and other fluid dairy products. Our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment’sRachel’s Organic® dairy products brand is the second largest organic yogurt brand in the United Kingdom. Additionally, our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment markets and sells private label cultured and extended shelf life dairy products through our Morningstar platform.
During 2007, we began aligning our leadership teams and strategy around distinct supply chain and delivery channels. Effective January 1, 2008, consistent with this direction, we disaggregated the former Dairy Group segment into a DSD Dairy fluid and ice cream platform and a Morningstar platform. The Morningstar platform is now a part of our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment.
DSD Dairy — Our DSD Dairy segment is our largest segment, with approximately 79% of our consolidated net sales in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008. The DSD Dairy segment manufactures, markets and distributes a wide variety of branded and private label dairy case products, including milk, creamers, ice cream, juices and teas, to retailers, distributors, foodservice outlets, educational institutions, and governmental entities across the United States. Due to the perishable nature of its products, our DSD Dairy segment delivers the majority of its products directly to its customers’ locations in refrigerated trucks or trailers that we own or lease. This form of delivery is called a “direct store delivery” or “DSD” system. We believe that our DSD Dairy segment has one of the most extensive refrigerated DSD systems in the United States. The DSD Dairy segment sells its products primarily on a local or regional basis through its local and regional sales forces, although some national customer relationships are coordinated by the DSD Dairy segment’s corporate sales department. Our DSD Dairy segment does not have contracts with many of its customers, including its largest customers, and most of its existing contracts are generally terminable at will by the customer.
WhiteWave-Morningstar — Our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment net sales are approximately 21% of our consolidated net sales in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008. The WhiteWave-Morningstar segment manufactures, develops, markets and sells a variety of nationally branded soy, dairy and dairy-related products such asSilksoymilk and cultured soy products,Horizon Organicdairy and other products,
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International Delightcoffee creamers,LAND O’LAKES creamers and fluid dairy products andRachel’s Organicdairy products. Our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment also sellsThe Organic Cow® organic dairy products. We license theLAND O’LAKES name from a third party. With the addition of Morningstar, our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment now includes private label cultured and extended shelf life dairy products such as ice cream mix, sour and whipped cream, yogurt and cottage cheese. The WhiteWave-Morningstar segment sells its products to a variety of customers, including grocery stores, club stores, natural foods stores, mass merchandisers, convenience stores, drug stores, and foodservice outlets. The WhiteWave-Morningstar segment sells its products through its internal sales force and through independent brokers. Our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment does not have contracts with many of its customers, including its largest customers, and most of its existing contracts are generally terminable at will by the customer.
Recent Developments
Developments Since January 1, 2008
Hero/WhiteWave Joint Venture —We have formed a strategic joint venture with Hero Group (“Hero”), producer of international fruit and infant nutrition brands, that will introduce a new innovative product line to North America. The joint venture, called Hero/WhiteWave, combines Hero’s expertise in fruit, innovation and process engineering, with WhiteWave’s deep understanding of the American consumer and manufacturing network, as well as the go-to-market system of Dean Foods.
The joint venture, which is based in Broomfield, Colorado, will serve as a strategic growth platform for both companies to further extend their global reach by leveraging each other’s established innovation, technology, manufacturing and distribution capabilities over time. The initial product of the joint venture will be launched in the middle of 2009 under theFruit2Daytm brand. The initial products will expand the WhiteWave product footprint beyond the dairy case to capitalize on the chilled fruit-based beverage opportunity. We have invested in this initiative in 2008. Our investment will step-up in 2009 with start-up and introductory marketing costs, which is expected to negatively impact our 2009 earnings.
Credit Markets —Recent disruptions in global financial markets and banking systems have made credit and capital markets more difficult for companies to access. We have assessed the implications of these factors on our current business and determined that these financial market disruptions have not had a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity as of September 30, 2008. However, continuing volatility in the credit and capital markets could potentially impair our and our customers’ ability to access these markets and increase associated costs, and there can be no assurance that we will not be materially affected by these financial market disruptions as economic events and circumstances continue to evolve.
Current Dairy Environment — Rapidly increasing and record high dairy commodity costs created a challenging operating environment throughout 2007. While conventional raw milk prices decreased in the first nine months of 2008 from the levels experienced in the fourth quarter of 2007, they remained significantly higher than prices in the first six months of the prior year. In the third quarter of 2008, conventional raw milk prices were lower than the third quarter of 2007, a trend we expect to continue into the fourth quarter. In addition to a challenging commodity environment, we face an intensely competitive environment with higher pricing sensitivity by our customers as well as continued consolidation in the retail grocery industry resulting in increased competition for a smaller customer base. Despite these challenges, we continue to focus on cost control and supply chain efficiency through initiatives such as the reduction in workforce executed late last fall, improved effectiveness in the pass through of costs to our customers, and our continued focus to drive productivity and efficiency within our operations.
Throughout most of 2007, the industry, including us, experienced an oversupply in organic raw milk. This oversupply led to aggressive discounting within this product category, particularly in the second half of 2007. In 2008, the supply and demand balance has improved, which has lessened the level of discounting. However, significant pricing pressures remain, particularly from private label products. Net price increases to our customers have not kept pace with the rising input cost of organic milk as upward pressure on pay prices to our farmers continues to reflect the sharp rise in feed and fuel costs experienced by our network of over 400 organic family farms.
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Public Offering of Equity Securities — On March 5, 2008, we issued and sold 18.7 million shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share, in a public offering pursuant to a registration statement onForm S-3. We received net proceeds of approximately $400 million from the offering. The net proceeds from the offering were used to reduce debt outstanding under the revolving portion of our senior credit facility.
Acquisitions — During the first nine months of 2008, our DSD Dairy segment completed four acquisitions. The aggregate purchase price of these acquisitions was approximately $75 million, including transaction costs. We have noted an increase in potential transaction activity. We attribute this increase in activity in part to higher commodity prices, tightening of financial markets, and shifting consumer behavior.
Results of Operations
The following table presents certain information concerning our financial results, including information presented as a percentage of net sales.
Three Months Ended September 30 | Nine Months Ended September 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dollars | Percent | Dollars | Percent | Dollars | Percent | Dollars | Percent | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 3,194.7 | 100.0 | % | $ | 3,116.8 | 100.0 | % | $ | 9,374.2 | 100.0 | % | $ | 8,590.2 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales | 2,463.0 | 77.1 | 2,457.5 | 78.8 | 7,214.6 | 77.0 | 6,555.6 | 76.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross profit(1) | 731.7 | 22.9 | 659.3 | 21.2 | 2,159.6 | 23.0 | 2,034.6 | 23.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling and distribution | 468.5 | 14.6 | 430.8 | 13.9 | 1,368.1 | 14.6 | 1,275.0 | 14.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative | 120.7 | 3.8 | 103.1 | 3.3 | 345.0 | 3.7 | 312.9 | 3.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangibles | 1.7 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 5.0 | 0.1 | 6.2 | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Facility closing, reorganization and other costs | 9.0 | 0.3 | 19.8 | 0.6 | 16.4 | 0.1 | 29.4 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating costs and expenses | 599.9 | 18.8 | 556.0 | 17.9 | 1,734.5 | 18.5 | 1,623.5 | 18.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating income | $ | 131.8 | 4.1 | % | $ | 103.3 | 3.3 | % | $ | 425.1 | 4.5 | % | $ | 411.1 | 4.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||
(1) | As disclosed in Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2007 Annual Report onForm 10-K, we include certain shipping and handling costs within selling and distribution expense. As a result, our gross profit may not be comparable to other entities that present all shipping and handling costs as a component of cost of sales. |
Quarter Ended September 30, 2008 Compared to Quarter Ended September 30, 2007 — Consolidated Results
Net Sales — Net sales by segment are shown in the table below.
Quarter Ended September 30 | ||||||||||||||||
$ Increase/ | % Increase/ | |||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | (Decrease) | (Decrease) | |||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||
DSD Dairy | $ | 2,523.4 | $ | 2,498.6 | $ | 24.8 | 1.0 | % | ||||||||
WhiteWave-Morningstar | 671.3 | 618.2 | 53.1 | 8.6 | % | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 3,194.7 | $ | 3,116.8 | $ | 77.9 | 2.5 | % | ||||||||
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The increase in net sales was due to the following:
Quarter Ended September 30, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
vs Quarter Ended September 30, 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
Pricing | ||||||||||||||||
And Product | Total Increase/ | |||||||||||||||
Acquisitions | Volume | Mix Changes | (Decrease) | |||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||
DSD Dairy | $ | 39.2 | $ | 23.4 | $ | (37.8 | ) | $ | 24.8 | |||||||
WhiteWave-Morningstar | — | 41.9 | 11.2 | 53.1 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 39.2 | $ | 65.3 | $ | (26.6 | ) | $ | 77.9 | |||||||
Net sales increased during the third quarter of 2008 as compared to the third quarter of 2007 primarily due to acquisitions, as well as volume growth in both the DSD Dairy and WhiteWave-Morningstar segments.
Cost of Sales — All expenses incurred to bring a product to completion are included in cost of sales, such as raw material, ingredient and packaging costs; labor costs; and plant and equipment costs, including costs to operate and maintain our coolers and freezers. Although cost of sales was relatively flat as a percentage of net sales in the third quarter of 2008 as compared to the third quarter of 2007, there were significant offsetting drivers, which included a decrease in net raw milk and other related costs of $58.5 million as DSD Dairy’s raw material costs decreased more than WhiteWave-Morningstar’s increase, partially offset by higher packaging costs, particularly resin; an increase in personnel-related costs of $15.0 million; and an increase in other manufacturing overhead costs of $16.2 million due to higher utilities and maintenance costs.
Operating Costs and Expenses — Our operating expenses increased $43.9 million, or 7.9%, in the third quarter of 2008 as compared to the same period in the prior year. Significant changes to operating costs and expenses include the following:
• | Selling and distribution costs increased $37.7 million primarily due to higher fuel, third-party freight and fleet costs of $26.2 million, increased personnel-related costs of $8.2 million and higher advertising expenses of $3.9 million; | |
• | General and administrative costs increased $17.6 million primarily due to personnel-related costs of $9.7 million including incentive based compensation, as well as professional fees and other outside services of $3.9 million primarily related to strategic corporate driven initiatives; and | |
• | Net facility closing, reorganization and other costs decreased $10.8 million from the third quarter of 2007. See Note 10 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on our facility closing and reorganization activities. |
Other (Income) Expense — Interest expense decreased to $74.7 million in the third quarter of 2008 from $89.7 million in the third quarter of 2007, primarily driven by the reduction in debt related to our $400 million paydown of the revolving portion of our senior credit facility with proceeds from our equity offering on March 5, 2008, as well as the paydown of debt with cash flow from operations.
Income Taxes — Income tax expense was recorded at an effective rate of 34.1% in the third quarter of 2008 compared to 50.0% in the third quarter of 2007. During the third quarter of 2008, our effective tax rate was reduced due to the settlement of taxing authority examinations, adjustments to tax credit carryforwards, and the effects of state tax law changes. During the third quarter of 2007, the reduction in income before taxes increased the unfavorable effect that non-deductible, permanent items had on our estimated annual effective tax rate.
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Quarter Ended September 30, 2008 Compared to Quarter Ended September 30, 2007 — Results by Segment
DSD Dairy
The key performance indicators of our DSD Dairy segment are sales volumes, gross profit and operating income.
Quarter Ended September 30 | ||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Dollars | Percent | Dollars | Percent | |||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 2,523.4 | 100.0 | % | $ | 2,498.6 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
Cost of sales | 1,958.4 | 77.6 | 1,993.3 | 79.8 | ||||||||||||
Gross profit | 565.0 | 22.4 | 505.3 | 20.2 | ||||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses | 424.5 | 16.8 | 388.8 | 15.6 | ||||||||||||
Total segment operating income | $ | 140.5 | 5.6 | % | $ | 116.5 | 4.6 | % | ||||||||
Net Sales — The increase in our DSD Dairy segment’s net sales of 1.0% was due to acquisitions and volume growth that were partially offset by the effects of slightly lower selling prices resulting from the pass-through of lower raw material prices. DSD Dairy’s fluid milk volumes, which represented approximately 73% of DSD Dairy’s sales volume during the quarter, increased 3.2% during the third quarter of 2008 compared to the same period a year ago, including a positive impact from our acquisitions this year.
Our DSD Dairy segment generally increases or decreases the prices of its fluid dairy products on a monthly basis in correlation to fluctuations in the costs of raw materials, packaging supplies and delivery costs. However, in some cases, we are competitively or contractually constrained with respect to the meansand/or timing of price increases. This can have a negative impact on our DSD Dairy segment’s profitability. The following table sets forth the average monthly Class I “mover” and its components, as well as the average monthly Class II minimum prices for raw skim milk and butterfat for the third quarter of 2008 compared to the third quarter of 2007:
Quarter Ended September 30* | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | % Change | ||||||||||
Class I mover(1) | $ | 18.97 | $ | 21.53 | (12 | )% | ||||||
Class I raw skim milk mover(1)(2) | 13.58 | 16.37 | (17 | ) | ||||||||
Class I butterfat mover(3)(4) | 1.68 | 1.64 | 2 | |||||||||
Class II raw skim milk minimum(1)(2) | 11.55 | 17.07 | (32 | ) | ||||||||
Class II butterfat minimum(3)(4) | 1.75 | 1.58 | 11 |
* | The prices noted in this table are not the prices that we actually pay. The federal order minimum prices applicable at any given location for Class I raw skim milk or Class I butterfat are based on the Class I mover prices plus a location differential. Class II prices noted in the table are federal minimum prices, applicable at all locations. Our actual cost also includes producer premiums, procurement costs and other related charges that vary by location and supplier. Please see “Part I — Item 1. Business — Government Regulation — Milk Industry Regulation” in our 2007 Annual Report onForm 10-K and “— Known Trends and Uncertainties — Prices of Raw Milk and Other Inputs” below for a more complete description of raw milk pricing. | |
(1) | Prices are per hundredweight. | |
(2) | We process Class I raw skim milk and butterfat into fluid milk products. | |
(3) | Prices are per pound. | |
(4) | We process Class II raw skim milk and butterfat into products such as cottage cheese, creams and creamers, ice cream and sour cream. |
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Cost of Sales — All expenses incurred to bring a product to completion are included in cost of sales, such as raw material, ingredient and packaging costs; labor costs; and plant and equipment costs, including costs to operate and maintain our coolers and freezers. DSD Dairy’s cost of sales decreased by $34.9 million, or 1.8% in the third quarter of 2008, due to lower raw milk and other related costs of $84.3 million, such as shrink costs and the higher net contribution from excess cream, partially offset by higher packaging costs, particularly resin, and other raw material costs of $31.5 million; increased manufacturing overhead costs due to higher utilities and maintenance costs of $8.6 million; and increased personnel-related costs of $7.4 million.
Operating Costs and Expenses — DSD Dairy’s operating costs and expenses increased by $35.7 million, or 9.2%, during the third quarter of 2008 from the third quarter of 2007. The increase was primarily due to higher distribution costs of $17.7 million driven primarily by higher fuel, third-party freight and fleet costs; as well as higher personnel-related costs of $15.9 million, including increased incentive compensation costs, and salaries and wages.
While operating income margin increased 1.0%, DSD Dairy’s operating income was approximately 21% above year ago levels in the quarter. In addition to the factors described above, DSD Dairy results benefited from tight cost controls across the business including continued benefits from the reduction in our manufacturing and distribution workforce completed in the fourth quarter of 2007, as well as disciplined pricing execution to offset continued commodity volatility and inflationary pressure across the cost spectrum.
WhiteWave-Morningstar
The key performance indicators of our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment are sales volumes, net sales dollars, gross profit and operating income.
Quarter Ended September 30 | ||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Dollars | Percent | Dollars | Percent | |||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 671.3 | 100.0 | % | $ | 618.2 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
Cost of sales | 504.2 | 75.1 | 463.8 | 75.0 | ||||||||||||
Gross profit | 167.1 | 24.9 | 154.4 | 25.0 | ||||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses | 125.8 | 18.7 | 111.3 | 18.0 | ||||||||||||
Total segment operating income | $ | 41.3 | 6.2 | % | $ | 43.1 | 7.0 | % | ||||||||
Net Sales — The increase in our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment’s net sales of 8.6% was driven by a mix of both increased volumes and higher pricing across our branded products, primarily in response to higher raw material and commodity costs. For the third quarter of 2008, total net sales for the WhiteWave brands increased 12.8% to $378.7 million, with continued strong sales growth across all of our key brands.Silknet sales increased more than 13% driven by higher pricing, as well as continued distribution expansion and integrated marketing that featured both print and television advertising highlighting the heart health benefits of our soymilk products. Net sales of theHorizon Organic brand increased almost 15% in the quarter driven by continued distribution expansion and differentiated innovation like our DHA-enhanced and single serve products, as well as higher realized pricing.International Delightgrew net sales in the high single digits through improved price realization.LAND O’LAKEScreamer products also grew net sales in the high single digits over the same period last year as a result of both higher volumes and commodity related price increases. Our Morningstar business also posted sales growth in the quarter, increasing net sales almost 4% to $292.6 million primarily behind higher yogurt, ice cream mix and creamer sales volume and increased pricing due to higher average Class II butter prices.
The primary raw material used in our organic milk-based products is raw organic milk. We generally enter into supply agreements with organic dairy farmers with typical terms of one to two years, which obligate us to purchase certain minimum quantities. In the past, the industry-wide demand for organic raw milk generally exceeded supply, resulting in our inability to fully meet customer demand. However, in 2006 economic incentives for conventional farmers to begin the transition to organic farming combined with a
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change in the organic farm transition regulations dramatically increased the growth of supply in 2007. This oversupply led to significant discounting and aggressive distribution expansion by processors in an effort to stimulate incremental demand and sell their supply in the organic milk market. Faced with the potential of losing market share in the organic milk market, we made the strategic decision to defend the long-term value of theHorizon Organicbrand by increasing our price competitiveness and marketing investment behind the brand in 2007. In 2008, the supply and demand balance has improved, which has lessened the level of discounting. However, the impact of price increases has been offset by higher raw organic milk costs that are significantly higher on a year over year basis, in addition to increases in other commodity costs. Furthermore, significant pricing pressures remain, particularly from private label products, as these prices have increased less than branded products. As a result, retail price gaps have expanded. We expect industry supply growth to decline significantly over the next six months. Consequently, we expect increasing retail pricing to balance demand with slowing supply growth. We continue to monitor our position in the organic milk category and remain focused on maintaining our leading branded position as we balance market share considerations against profitability.
Cost of Sales — WhiteWave-Morningstar’s cost of sales increased by $40.4 million, or 8.7%, in the third quarter of 2008 from the third quarter of 2007 primarily driven by higher volumes, but also by higher raw material and commodity costs of $21.5 million, particularly raw organic milk, due to sharp inflation in organic feed costs and Class II butter prices; personnel-related costs of $7.6 million; and higher utilities of $6.5 million.
Operating Costs and Expenses — WhiteWave-Morningstar’s operating costs and expenses increased by $14.5 million, or 13.0%, during the third quarter of 2008 from the third quarter of 2007 primarily due to higher selling and marketing expenses of $9.3 million primarily due to increased advertising on our brands, as well as higher distribution costs of $4.5 million driven by higher volumes and increased third-party freight costs.
Although WhiteWave-Morningstar net sales were higher, with strong sales growth across all of our key brands and in the Morningstar business, our operating profits were 4.2% below year ago levels in the quarter. While the majority of the portfolio did increase profitability in the quarter, segment operating income in the quarter continued to be adversely affected by challenges in theHorizon Organicbrand where price increases were offset by higher raw organic milk and other commodity costs, as well as decreased profitability at Morningstar primarily due to higher commodity costs, particularly higher Class II butter prices, of which the pass-through lagged the cost inflation.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 — Consolidated Results
Net Sales — Net sales by segment are shown in the table below.
Nine Months Ended September 30 | ||||||||||||||||
$ Increase/ | % Increase/ | |||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | (Decrease) | (Decrease) | |||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||
DSD Dairy | $ | 7,432.1 | $ | 6,851.5 | $ | 580.6 | 8.5 | % | ||||||||
WhiteWave-Morningstar | 1,942.1 | 1,738.7 | 203.4 | 11.7 | % | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 9,374.2 | $ | 8,590.2 | $ | 784.0 | 9.1 | % | ||||||||
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The increase in net sales was due to the following:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
vs Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
Pricing | ||||||||||||||||
And Product | Total Increase/ | |||||||||||||||
Acquisitions | Volume | Mix Changes | (Decrease) | |||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||
DSD Dairy | $ | 107.0 | $ | (24.0 | ) | $ | 497.6 | $ | 580.6 | |||||||
WhiteWave-Morningstar | 19.6 | 124.3 | 59.5 | 203.4 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 126.6 | $ | 100.3 | $ | 557.1 | $ | 784.0 | ||||||||
Net sales increased during the first nine months of 2008 as compared to the first nine months of 2007 primarily due to the pass-through of higher dairy commodity costs in DSD Dairy and continued strong sales growth at WhiteWave-Morningstar, particularly in our national brands, as well as acquisitions completed in 2008.
Cost of Sales — All expenses incurred to bring a product to completion are included in cost of sales, such as raw material, ingredient and packaging costs; labor costs; and plant and equipment costs, including costs to operate and maintain our coolers and freezers. Cost of sales increased by $659.0 million, or 10.0%, in the first nine months of 2008 from the first nine months of 2007 primarily due to higher volume and higher conventional raw milk costs, in the first six months of 2008, and organic raw milk costs. The higher commodity prices, as well as relative pricing movement between raw skim milk and butterfat, impacted our cost of sales.
Operating Costs and Expenses — Our operating expenses increased $111.0 million, or 6.8%, in the first nine months of 2008 as compared to the same period in the prior year. Significant changes to operating costs and expenses include the following:
• | Selling and distribution costs increased $93.1 million primarily due to higher fuel, third-party freight and fleet costs of $59.6 million, increased personnel-related costs of $14.1 million and higher advertising expenses of $6.4 million; | |
• | General and administrative costs increased $32.1 million primarily due to personnel-related costs of $22.7 million including incentive-based compensation, as well as higher professional fees and other outside services of $4.3 million primarily related to strategic corporate driven initiatives; and | |
• | Net facility closing, reorganization and other costs decreased $13.0 million from the first nine months of 2007. See Note 10 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on our facility closing and reorganization activities. |
Other (Income) Expense — Interest expense decreased to $235.0 million in the first nine months of 2008 from $244.4 million in the first nine months of 2007, primarily due to a higher average debt balance throughout 2007 related to the timing of our special cash dividend on April 2, 2007 compared to lower average debt balances during 2008 driven by the reduction in debt related to our $400 million paydown of the revolving portion of our senior credit facility with proceeds from our equity offering on March 5, 2008, as well as the paydown of debt with cash flow from operations. In addition, we wrote off $13.5 million in financing costs in the first nine months of 2007 due to the completion of our new senior credit facility and incurred $4.9 million of professional fees and other costs related to the payment of a special cash dividend.
Income Taxes — Income tax expense was recorded at an effective rate of 38.0% in the first nine months of 2008 compared to 39.3% in the first nine months of 2007. Our effective tax rate varies based on the relative earnings of our business units. During the first nine months of 2008, our effective tax rate was reduced due to settlement of taxing authority examinations, adjustments to tax credit carryforwards, and the effects of state tax law changes.
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 — Results by Segment
DSD Dairy
The key performance indicators of our DSD Dairy segment are sales volumes, gross profit and operating income.
Nine Months Ended September 30 | ||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Dollars | Percent | Dollars | Percent | |||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 7,432.1 | 100.0 | % | $ | 6,851.5 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
Cost of sales | 5,776.6 | 77.7 | 5,282.2 | 77.1 | ||||||||||||
Gross profit | 1,655.5 | 22.3 | 1,569.3 | 22.9 | ||||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses | 1,229.8 | 16.6 | 1,157.9 | 16.9 | ||||||||||||
Total segment operating income | $ | 425.7 | 5.7 | % | $ | 411.4 | 6.0 | % | ||||||||
Net Sales —The increase in our DSD Dairy segment’s net sales of 8.5% was due primarily to the pass through of higher overall dairy commodity costs to customers, as well as acquisitions completed in 2008.
Our DSD Dairy segment generally increases or decreases the prices of its fluid dairy products on a monthly basis in correlation to fluctuations in the costs of raw materials, packaging supplies and delivery costs. However, in some cases, we are competitively or contractually constrained with respect to the meansand/or timing of price increases. This can have a negative impact on our DSD Dairy segment’s profitability. The following table sets forth the average monthly Class I “mover” and its components, as well as the average monthly Class II minimum prices for raw skim milk and butterfat for the first nine months of 2008 compared to the first nine months of 2007:
Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||
September 30* | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | % Change | ||||||||||
Class I mover(1) | $ | 18.63 | $ | 17.17 | 8 | % | ||||||
Class I raw skim milk mover(1)(2) | 13.86 | 12.46 | 11 | |||||||||
Class I butterfat mover(3)(4) | 1.50 | 1.47 | 2 | |||||||||
Class II raw skim milk minimum(1)(2) | 11.96 | 12.49 | (4 | ) | ||||||||
Class II butterfat minimum(3)(4) | 1.55 | 1.49 | 4 |
* | The prices noted in this table are not the prices that we actually pay. The federal order minimum prices applicable at any given location for Class I raw skim milk or Class I butterfat are based on the Class I mover prices plus a location differential. Class II prices noted in the table are federal minimum prices, applicable at all locations. Our actual cost also includes producer premiums, procurement costs and other related charges that vary by location and supplier. Please see “Part I — Item 1. Business — Government Regulation — Milk Industry Regulation” in our 2007 Annual Report onForm 10-K and “— Known Trends and Uncertainties — Prices of Raw Milk and Other Inputs” below for a more complete description of raw milk pricing. | |
(1) | Prices are per hundredweight. | |
(2) | We process Class I raw skim milk and butterfat into fluid milk products. | |
(3) | Prices are per pound. | |
(4) | We process Class II raw skim milk and butterfat into products such as cottage cheese, creams and creamers, ice cream and sour cream. |
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Cost of Sales — All expenses incurred to bring a product to completion are included in cost of sales, such as raw material, ingredient and packaging costs; labor costs; and plant and equipment costs, including costs to operate and maintain our coolers and freezers. DSD Dairy’s cost of sales increased by $494.4 million, or 9.4%, in the first nine months of 2008 from the first nine months of 2007, driven by higher conventional raw milk costs in the first six months of 2008 of $307.7 million, as well as higher other raw material and packaging costs, particularly resin, of $150.1 million.
Operating Costs and Expenses — DSD Dairy’s operating costs and expenses increased by $71.9 million, or 6.2%, during the first nine months of 2008 from the first nine months of 2007. The increase was primarily due to higher distribution costs of $52.8 million driven primarily by higher fuel, third-party freight and fleet costs; higher personnel-related costs of $30.0 million due primarily to increased salaries and wages and incentive-based compensation; partially offset by lower advertising and promotion expense of $6.5 million.
Despite a 0.3% decrease in operating income margin, DSD Dairy operating income was 3.5% above year ago levels in the first nine months of the year. In addition to the factors described above, DSD Dairy results benefited from tight cost controls across the business including continued benefits from the reduction in our manufacturing and distribution workforce completed in the fourth quarter of 2007, as well as disciplined pricing execution to offset continued commodity volatility and inflationary pressure across the cost spectrum.
WhiteWave-Morningstar
The key performance indicators of our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment are sales volumes, net sales dollars, gross profit and operating income.
Nine Months Ended September 30 | ||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||
Dollars | Percent | Dollars | Percent | |||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 1,942.1 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,738.7 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
Cost of sales | 1,436.9 | 74.0 | 1,272.3 | 73.2 | ||||||||||||
Gross profit | 505.2 | 26.0 | 466.4 | 26.8 | ||||||||||||
Operating costs and expenses | 369.2 | 19.0 | 322.3 | 18.5 | ||||||||||||
Total segment operating income | $ | 136.0 | 7.0 | % | $ | 144.1 | 8.3 | % | ||||||||
Net Sales — The increase in our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment’s net sales of 11.7% was driven by a mix of both increased volumes and higher pricing, primarily in response to higher raw material and commodity costs. For the first nine months of the year, total net sales for the WhiteWave brands increased 12.8% to $1.11 billion, with continued strong sales growth across all of our key brands.Silknet sales increased more than 11% driven by higher pricing, as well as continued distribution expansion and integrated marketing that featured both print and television advertising highlighting the heart health benefits of our soymilk products. Net sales of theHorizon Organic brand increased 20% in the first nine months driven by continued expansion distribution and differentiated innovation like our DHA-enhanced and single serve products, as well as higher realized pricing.International Delightgrew net sales in the high single digits through improved price realization.LAND O’LAKEScreamer products also grew net sales in the high single digits over the same period last year as a result of both higher volumes and commodity-related price increases. Our Morningstar business also posted sales growth in the first nine months, increasing net sales 10% to $831.7 million, primarily driven by higher cultured products sales volume, as well as the benefit of an acquisition completed in March 2007.
The primary raw material used in our organic milk-based products is raw organic milk. We generally enter into supply agreements with organic dairy farmers with typical terms of one to two years, which obligate us to purchase certain minimum quantities. In the past, the industry-wide demand for organic raw milk generally exceeded supply, resulting in our inability to fully meet customer demand. However, in 2006 economic incentives for conventional farmers to begin the transition to organic farming combined with a change in the organic farm transition regulations dramatically increased the growth of supply in 2007. This oversupply led to significant discounting and aggressive distribution expansion by processors in an effort to
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stimulate incremental demand and sell their supply in the organic milk market. Faced with the potential of losing market share in the organic milk market, we made the strategic decision to defend the long-term value of theHorizon Organicbrand by increasing our price competitiveness and marketing investment behind the brand in 2007. In 2008, the supply and demand balance has improved, which has lessened the level of discounting. However, the impact of price increases has been offset by higher raw organic milk costs that are significantly higher on a year over year basis, in addition to increases in other commodity costs. Furthermore, significant pricing pressures remain, particularly from private label products, as these prices have increased less than branded products. As a result, retail price gaps have expanded. We expect industry supply growth to decline significantly over the next six months. Consequently, we expect increasing retail pricing to balance demand with slowing supply growth. We continue to monitor our position in the organic milk category and remain focused on maintaining our leading branded position as we balance market share considerations against profitability.
Cost of Sales — WhiteWave-Morningstar’s cost of sales increased by $164.6 million, or 12.9%, in the first nine months of 2008 from the first nine months of 2007 primarily driven by higher volumes, but also by higher raw material and commodity costs, particularly raw organic milk, due to the sharp inflation in organic feed costs, which more than offset savings from plant efficiencies.
Operating Costs and Expenses — WhiteWave-Morningstar’s operating costs and expenses increased $46.9 million, or 14.6%, during the first nine months of 2008 from the first nine months of 2007 primarily due to increased selling and marketing expense of $14.9 million driven by higher advertising spending on our brands, increased distribution costs of $15.3 million driven by higher volumes and increased fuel costs, and higher personnel-related costs of $6.7 million, including incentive-based compensation.
Although WhiteWave-Morningstar’s net sales were higher, with strong sales growth across all of our key brands and in the Morningstar business, our operating profits were 5.6% below year ago levels in the first nine months of the year. While the majority of the portfolio did increase profitability in the first nine months of the year, segment operating income in the quarter continued to be adversely affected by challenges in theHorizon Organicbrand where price increases were offset by higher raw organic milk and other commodity costs, as well as decreased profitability at Morningstar primarily due to higher commodity costs, particularly higher Class II butter prices, of which the pass-through lagged the cost inflation. WhiteWave-Morningstar operating income was also impacted by higher administrative costs and increased marketing spending in the first nine months of 2008.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We believe that our cash from operations, as well as our existing $1.5 billion5-year senior secured revolving credit facility and our $600 million receivables-backed facility, will provide sufficient liquidity to meet our working capital needs, planned capital expenditures and future contractual obligations. Recent disruptions in global financial markets and banking systems have made credit and capital markets more difficult for companies to access. We have assessed the implications of these factors on our current business and determined that these financial market disruptions have not had a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity as of September 30, 2008. However, continuing volatility in the credit and capital markets could potentially impair our and our customers’ ability to access these markets and increase associated costs, and there can be no assurance that we will not be materially affected by these financial market disruptions as economic events and circumstances continue to evolve.
Historical Cash Flow
During the first nine months of 2008, we met our working capital needs with cash flow from operations. Net cash provided by operating activities increased $237.6 million to $458.3 million in the first nine months of 2008 compared to $220.7 million for the same period in 2007. The impact of higher operating income in the first nine months was significantly supplemented by the decrease in working capital requirements due in part to the reduction in accounts receivable and income taxes receivable.
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Net cash used in investing activities was $239.1 million in the first nine months of 2008 compared to $272.9 million in the first nine months of 2007. In the first nine months of 2008, we made approximately $171.0 million in capital expenditures and we completed four acquisitions requiring the use of approximately $75 million in cash. In the first nine months of 2007, we made approximately $165.2 million in capital expenditures and our Morningstar platform acquired Friendship Dairies, requiring the use of approximately $131.7 million in cash, and received net proceeds of $12.2 million for divestitures.
In the first nine months of 2008 we reduced our debt by approximately $653.1 million with cash generated from operations and an equity offering completed in March 2008. We issued and sold 18.7 million shares of our common stock resulting in net proceeds of approximately $400 million from the offering.
Financial Covenants
Under the senior secured credit facility, we are required to maintain certain financial covenants, including, but not limited to, maximum leverage and minimum interest coverage ratios. As of September 30, 2008, we were in compliance with all covenants contained in this agreement. We currently have a maximum permitted leverage ratio of 6.25 times consolidated funded indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA for the prior four consecutive quarters, each as defined under and calculated in accordance with the terms of our senior secured credit facility and our receivables facility. As of September 30, 2008, our leverage ratio was 5.35 times. The maximum permitted leverage ratio under both the senior secured credit facility and the receivables facility will decline to 5.75 times as of December 31, 2008. We anticipate further reductions of borrowings over the balance of 2008, and expect our leverage ratio to be below 5.25 times as of December 31, 2008. On December 31, 2009 the maximum permitted leverage ratio will decline to 5.00.
Contractual Obligations
Except for the reduction of our debt due to funds from our equity offering and cash flow from operations, there have been no material changes outside the ordinary course of business to the information provided with respect to our contractual obligations, including indebtedness and purchase and lease obligations, as disclosed in our 2007 Annual Report onForm 10-K. See Note 6 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements provided herein for a description of our debt obligations.
Other Long-Term Liabilities
We offer pension benefits through various defined benefit pension plans and also offer certain health care and life insurance benefits to eligible employees and their eligible dependents upon the retirement of such employees. Reported costs of providing non-contributory defined pension benefits and other postretirement benefits are dependent upon numerous factors, assumptions and estimates. For example, these costs are impacted by actual employee demographics (including age, compensation levels and employment periods), the level of contributions made to the plan and earnings on plan assets. Our pension plan assets are primarily made up of equity and fixed income investments. Changes made to the provisions of the plan may impact current and future pension costs. Fluctuations in actual equity market returns, as well as changes in general interest rates may result in increased or decreased pension costs in future periods. Pension and postretirement costs also may be significantly affected by changes in key actuarial assumptions, including anticipated rates of return on plan assets and the discount rates used in determining the projected benefit obligation and pension costs.
We expect to contribute approximately $22.5 million to the pension plans and approximately $2.3 million to the postretirement health plans in 2008.
Certain of our defined benefit retirement plans, as well as many of the multi-employer plans in which we participate, are currently underfunded. Recent changes in federal laws require plan sponsors to eliminate, over defined time periods, the underfunded status of plans that are subject to ERISA rules and regulations. We expect recent adverse stock market performance to negatively impact the cost of providing such benefits to our current and former employees, as well as further increase our funding requirements.
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Other Commitments and Contingencies
We are not party to, nor are our properties the subject of, any material pending legal proceedings other than set forth in Note 12 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and in Item 1. Legal Proceedings contained in Part II of thisForm 10-Q. However, we are party from time to time to certain claims, litigation, audits and investigations. We believe that we have established adequate reserves to satisfy any potential liability we may have under all such claims, litigations, audits and investigations that are currently pending. In our opinion, the settlement of any such currently pending or threatened matter is not expected to have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We also have the following commitments and contingent liabilities, in addition to contingent liabilities related to ordinary course litigation, investigations and audits:
• | Certain indemnification obligations related to businesses that we have divested; | |
• | Certain contingent obligations related to milk supply arrangements; | |
• | Selected levels of property and casualty risks, primarily related to employee health care, workers’ compensation claims and other casualty losses; and | |
• | Certain lease obligations, which require us to guarantee the minimum value of the leased asset at the end of the lease. |
Future Capital Requirements
During 2008, we intend to invest a total of approximately $260 million in capital expenditures primarily for our existing manufacturing facilities and distribution capabilities. We expect cash interest to be approximately $300 million based on anticipated debt levels and interest rate expectations. Cash interest excludes amortization of deferred financing fees and bond discounts of approximately $10 million. The portion of our long-term debt due within the next 12 months totals $336.3 million through September 2009. From time to time, we may repurchase our outstanding debt obligations in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. We expect that for the foreseeable future our cash flow from operations and borrowings under our senior credit facility will be sufficient to meet our mandatory debt repayments and future capital requirements. At October 31, 2008, approximately $1.33 billion was available under the revolving credit facility, subject to the limitations of our credit agreement.
Known Trends and Uncertainties
Prices of Raw Milk and Other Inputs
DSD Dairy — The primary raw material used in our DSD Dairy segment is raw conventional milk (which contains both raw milk and butterfat). The federal government and certain state governments set minimum prices for raw milk, and those prices are set on a monthly basis. The regulated minimum prices differ based on how the raw milk is utilized. Raw milk processed into fluid milk is priced at the Class I price, and raw milk processed into products such as cottage cheese, creams and creamers, ice cream and sour cream is priced at the Class II price. Generally, we pay the federal minimum prices for raw milk, plus certain producer premiums (or “over-order” premiums) and location differentials. We also incur other raw milk procurement costs in some locations (such as hauling, field personnel, etc.). A change in the federal minimum price does not necessarily mean an identical change in our total raw milk costs, as over-order premiums may increase or decrease. This relationship is different in every region of the country, and sometimes within a region based on supplier arrangements. However, in general, the overall change in our raw milk costs can be linked to the change in federal minimum prices. Because our Class II products typically have a higher fat content than that contained in raw milk, we also purchase bulk cream for use in some of our Class II products. Bulk cream is typically purchased based on a multiple of the AA butter price on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”).
In general, our DSD Dairy segment changes the prices that it charges for Class I dairy products on a monthly basis, as the costs of raw milk, packaging, fuel and other materials fluctuate. Prices for some Class II products are also changed monthly while others are changed from time to time as circumstances warrant.
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However, there can be a lag between the timing of a raw material cost increase or decrease and a corresponding price change to our customers, especially in the case of Class II butterfat because Class II butterfat prices for each month are not announced by the government until after the end of that month. Also, in some cases we are competitively or contractually constrained with respect to the implementation of price changes. This can have a negative impact on the DSD Dairy’s profitability and can cause volatility in our earnings. Our sales and operating profit margin fluctuate with the price of our raw materials and other inputs.
In the first nine months of 2008, we experienced significant fluctuations in conventional raw milk prices. There continues to be significant volatility in the pricing of conventional raw milk and we anticipate that volatility to continue throughout 2008. Raw milk, butterfat and cream prices are difficult to predict, and we change our forecasts frequently based on current market activity. The DSD Dairy segment generally has been effective at passing through the changes in the prices of underlying commodities. However, the pass through is not perfect when prices move up steadily over a period of several months.
Our DSD Dairy segment purchases approximately four million gallons of diesel fuel per month to operate its extensive DSD system. Another significant raw material used by our DSD Dairy segment is resin, which is a petroleum-based product used to make plastic bottles. We purchase approximately 27 million pounds of resin and bottles per month. The price of diesel and resin are subject to fluctuations based on changes in crude oil and natural gas prices. We have experienced increased fuel and resin costs during 2008, and we expect prices of both resin and diesel fuel to fluctuate throughout the remainder of 2008.
WhiteWave-Morningstar — The primary raw material used in our soy-based products is organic soybeans. Organic soybeans are generally available from several suppliers and we are not dependent on any single supplier for these products. Consistent with the general inflationary pressure and volatility currently existing in the commodities markets, the cost of organic soybeans continues to rise. We expect to adequately source our soybean requirements; however, the higher costs of organic soybeans could put pressure on our soy-based product operating margins in 2009.
The primary raw material used in our organic milk-based products is organic raw milk. We currently purchase organic raw milk from a network of over 400 dairy farmers across the United States. We also produce approximately 20% of our own organic raw milk needs in the U.S. at two organic farms that we own and operate and an additional farm that we lease and have contracted with a third party to manage. We generally enter into supply agreements with organic dairy farmers with typical terms of one to two years, which obligate us to purchase certain minimum quantities. In the past, the industry-wide demand for organic raw milk generally exceeded supply, resulting in our inability to fully meet customer demand. However, due to the recent industry efforts to increase the supply of organic raw milk, in 2007 we experienced a significant oversupply of organic raw milk that increased competitive pressure from both branded and private label participants. In 2008, the supply and demand balance has improved, which has lessened the level of discounting. However, the impact of price increases has been offset by higher raw organic milk costs that are more than 10% higher on a year over year basis, in addition to increases in other commodity costs. Furthermore, significant pricing pressures remain, particularly from private label products, as these prices have increased less than branded products. As a result, retail price gaps have expanded. We expect industry supply growth to decline significantly over the next six months. Consequently, we expect increasing retail pricing to balance demand with slowing supply growth. We continue to monitor our position in the organic milk category and remain focused on maintaining our leading branded position as we balance market share considerations against profitability.
Competitive Environment
There has been significant consolidation in the retail grocery industry in recent years, and this trend is continuing. As our customer base consolidates, we expect competition to intensify as we compete for the business of fewer customers. There can be no assurance that we will be able to keep our existing customers, or gain new customers. There are several large regional grocery chains that have captive dairy operations. As the consolidation of the grocery industry continues, we could lose sales if any one or more of our existing customers were to be sold to a chain with captive dairy operations.
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Many of our retail customers have become increasingly price sensitive in the current intensely competitive environment. Over the past few years, we have been subject to a number of competitive bidding situations in our DSD Dairy segment, which reduced our profitability on sales to several customers. In bidding situations, we are subject to the risk of losing certain customers altogether. In addition, higher levels of price competition and higher resistance to pricing are becoming more widespread in our business. We expect these trends to continue and intensify. The loss of any of our largest customers could have a material adverse impact on our financial results. We do not have contracts with many of our customers, including our largest customers, and most of our existing contracts are generally terminable at will by the customer.
Tax Rate
Income tax expense was recorded at an effective rate of 38.0% in the first nine months of 2008. Our tax rate during the first nine months of 2007 was 39.3%. We estimate that our effective tax rate will be approximately 38.5% for the full year 2008. Changes in the relative profitability of our operating segments, as well as changes to federal and state tax laws, may cause the rate to change from historical rates.
See “Part II — Item 1A — Risk Factors” below and “Part I — Item 1A — Risk Factors” in our 2007 Annual Report onForm 10-K for a description of various other risks and uncertainties concerning our business.
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Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
There have been no material changes in our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk as provided in our 2007 Annual Report onForm 10-K.
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |
Controls Evaluation and Related Certifications
We conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined inRules 13a-15(e) and15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, referred to herein as “Disclosure Controls”) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. The controls evaluation was done under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO). Based upon our most recent controls evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, our Disclosure Controls were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and terms of the SEC.
Attached as exhibits to this quarterly report are certifications of the CEO and the CFO, which are required in accordance withRule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act. This Controls and Procedures section includes the information concerning the controls evaluation referred to in the certifications and it should be read in conjunction with the certifications for a more complete understanding of the topics presented.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the quarter covered by this report, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined inrules 13a-15(f) and15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II — Other Information
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |
We are not party to, nor are our properties the subject of, any material pending legal proceedings, other than as set forth below. However, we are party from time to time to certain claims, litigation, audits and investigations. We believe that we have established adequate reserves to satisfy any potential liability we may have under all such claims, litigations, audits and investigations that are currently pending. In our opinion, the settlement of any such currently pending or threatened matter is not expected to have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We were named, among several defendants, in two purported class action antitrust complaints filed on July 5, 2007. The complaints were filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee, Columbia Division, and allege generally that we and others in the milk industry worked together to limit the price Southeastern dairy farmers are paid for their raw milk and to deny these farmers access to fluid Grade A milk processing facilities (“dairy farmer actions”). A third purported class action antitrust complaint (“retailer action”) was filed on August 9, 2007 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, Greenville Division. The complaint in the retailer action was amended on March 28, 2008. The amended complaint alleges generally that we, either acting alone or in conjunction with others in the milk industry, lessened competition in the Southeastern United States for the sale of processed fluid Grade A milk to retail outlets and other customers, and that the defendants’ conduct also artificially inflated retail prices for direct milk purchasers. Four additional purported class action complaints were filed on August 27, 2007, October 3, 2007, November 15, 2007 and February 13, 2008 in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, Greenville Division. The allegations in these complaints are similar to those in the dairy farmer actions.
On January 7, 2008 a United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation transferred all of the pending cases to the Eastern District of Tennessee, Greenville Division. On April 1, 2008, the Eastern District Court ordered the consolidation of the six dairy farmer actions, and ordered the retailer action to be administratively consolidated with the coordinated dairy farmer actions. A motion to dismiss the dairy farmer actions was denied on May 20, 2008, and an amended consolidated complaint was filed by the dairy farmer plaintiffs on June 20, 2008. A motion to dismiss the retailer action is currently pending before the Court. These matters are currently in discovery and we intend to vigorously defend them.
On January 18, 2008, our subsidiary, Kohler Mix Specialties, LLC (“Kohler”), was named as defendant in a civil complaint filed in the Superior Court, Judicial District of Hartford. The plaintiff in the case is the Commissioner of Environmental Protection of the State of Connecticut. The complaint alleges generally that Kohler improperly discharged wastewater into the waters of the State of Connecticut, and bypassed certain wastewater treatment equipment. The plaintiff is seeking injunctive relief and civil penalties with respect to the claims.
At this time, it is not possible for us to predict the ultimate outcome of the matters set forth above.
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |
The following risk factors are provided to supplement and update the Risk Factors previously disclosed in ourForm 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007. The risk factors set forth below and in ourForm 10-K should be read in conjunction with the considerations set forth above in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.”
The Recent Disruptions in the Overall Economy and the Financial Markets may Adversely Impact Our Business and Results of Operations
The industry in which we operate is sensitive to changes in general economic conditions, both nationally and locally. Recent disruptions in global financial markets and banking systems have made credit and capital markets more difficult for companies to access. Continuing volatility in the credit and capital markets could potentially impair our and our customers’ ability to access these markets and increase associated costs, and there can be no assurance that we will not be materially affected by these financial market disruptions as economic events and circumstances continue to evolve.
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In addition, the recent turmoil in the financial markets may have an adverse effect on consumer spending patterns. A recessionary economic cycle, higher interest rates, higher fuel and other energy costs, inflation, increases in commodity prices, higher levels of unemployment, higher consumer debt levels, higher tax rates and other changes in tax laws or other economic factors could adversely affect consumer demand for products we sell or distribute, which could adversely affect our results of operations. There can be no assurances that government responses to the disruptions in the financial markets will restore consumer confidence.
Recent Adverse Market Events Have Caused Costs of Providing Employee Benefits to Escalate, which May Adversely Affect Our Operating Margin, Profitability and Liquidity
We sponsor various defined benefit and defined contribution retirement plans, as well as contribute to various multi-employer plans on behalf of our employees. Certain of our defined benefit retirement plans, as well as many of the multi-employer plans in which we participate, are currently underfunded. Recent changes in federal laws require plan sponsors to eliminate, over defined time periods, the underfunded status of plans that are subject to ERISA rules and regulations. We expect recent adverse stock market performance to negatively impact the cost of providing such benefits to our current and former employees, as well as further increase our funding requirements.
We May be Exposed to Counterparty Risks in Certain of Our Financial Instruments
We have access to capital through our senior credit facility and our receivables facility, each of which is provided by a syndicate of financial institutions. Each financial institution in the syndicate is responsible on a several, but not joint, basis for providing a portion of the loans under each respective facility. If any of the participants in the syndicate fails to satisfy its obligations to extend credit under the facility, the other participants refuse or are unable to assume its obligations, and we are unable to find an alternative source of funding at comparable rates, our liquidity may be adversely affected or our interest expense may increase substantially.
From time to time we enter into arrangements with other parties to hedge our exposure to fluctuations in currency and interest rates, including swap agreements. Recently, a number of financial institutions similar to those that serve as counterparties to our hedging arrangements have been adversely affected by the global credit crisis and in some cases have been unable to fulfill their debts and other obligations. If any of the counterparties to our hedging arrangements become unable to fulfill their obligations to us, we may lose the financial benefits of these arrangements.
American International Group (AIG), which currently has an A.M. Best rating of A, provides a portion of our overall insurance coverage. Recently, AIG has experienced significant financial issues associated with the troubled credit markets, and has received financial support from the U.S. Government. It is unclear whether the restructuring of AIG will cause AIG to alter its coverage position or reimbursement policies. The inability of AIG to provide coverage under any of our insurance policies could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Availability and Changes in Raw Material and Other Input Costs Can Adversely Affect Us
Raw skim milk is the most significant raw material that we use in our DSD Dairy segment. Organic raw milk, organic soybeans and sugar are significant inputs utilized by our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment. The prices of these materials increase and decrease based on supply and demand, and in some cases, governmental regulation. Weather, including the heightened impact of weather events related to climate change, also affects the availability and pricing of these inputs. In many cases we are able to adjust our pricing to reflect changes in raw material costs. Volatility in the cost of our raw materials can adversely affect our performance as price changes often lag changes in costs. These lags tend to erode our profit margins. Furthermore, cost increases may exceed the price increases we are able to pass along to our customers. Extremely high raw material costs also can put downward pressure on our margins and our volumes. In 2007, we experienced rapidly rising and all time-high prices in conventional raw milk prices, and in the first nine months of 2008, we experienced significant fluctuations in conventional raw milk prices. There continues to be significant volatility in the pricing of conventional raw milk and we anticipate that volatility to continue.
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Throughout most of 2007, the industry, including us, experienced an oversupply in organic raw milk. This oversupply led to significant discounting and aggressive distribution expansion by processors in an effort to stimulate incremental demand and sell their supply in the organic milk market. In 2008, the supply and demand balance has improved, which has lessened the level of discounting. However, the impact of price increases has been offset by higher raw organic milk costs that are more than 10% higher on a year over year basis, in addition to increases in other commodity costs. Furthermore, significant pricing pressures remain, particularly from private label products, as these have increased less than branded products. As a result, retail price gaps have expanded. We expect industry supply growth to decline significantly over the next six months. Consequently, we expect increasing retail pricing to balance demand with slowing supply growth.
Because our DSD Dairy segment delivers the majority of its products directly to customers through its “direct store delivery” system, we are a large consumer of fuel. Similarly, our WhiteWave-Morningstar segment is impacted by the costs of petroleum-based products through the use of common carriers in delivering their products. We utilize a significant amount of resin, which is the primary component used in our plastic bottles. Resin supplies have from time to time been insufficient to meet demand. We have experienced increased fuel and resin costs during 2008, and further increases in fuel and resin prices can adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, a disruption in our ability to secure an adequate resin supply could adversely affect our operations.
Consistent with the general inflationary pressure and volatility currently existing in the commodities markets, the cost of organic soybeans continues to rise. We expect to adequately source our soybean requirements; however, the higher costs of organic soybeans could put pressure on our soy-based product operating margins in 2009.
The Consolidation of Retail Customers May Put Pressures on Our Operating Margins and Profitability
Our customers such as supermarkets, warehouse clubs and food distributors, have consolidated in recent years and consolidation is expected to continue. These consolidations have produced large, sophisticated customers with increased buying power. Some of these customers are vertically integrated and may use shelf space currently used for our products for their private label products. In addition, our large retail customers may seek to use their position to improve their profitability through improved efficiency, lower pricing and increased promotional programs. Higher levels of price competition and higher resistance to pricing are becoming more widespread in our business. If we are unable to use our scale, marketing expertise, product innovation and category leadership positions to respond to these trends, our volume growth could slow or we may need to lower prices or increase promotional spending for our products, any of which would adversely affect our profitability.
We Must Identify Changing Consumer Preferences and Develop and Offer Products to Meet Their Preferences
Consumer preferences evolve over time and the success of our products depends on our ability to identify the tastes, dietary and purchasing habits of consumers and to offer products that appeal to their preferences. Introduction of new products and product extensions requires significant development and marketing investment. Currently, we believe consumers are trending toward health and wellness beverages. Although we have increased our innovation efforts and spend in order to capitalize on this trend, there are currently several global competitors with greater resources with whom we compete in these areas. In addition, as consumers become increasingly aware of climate change and the sources of greenhouse gas emissions, to which agriculture, including dairy farming, is a contributor, their preferences and purchasing decisions may change. If our products fail to meet consumer preferences, the return on our investment in those areas will be less than anticipated and our product strategy may not succeed.
Item 5. | Other Information |
On August 27, 2008, we adopted amended and restated bylaws which, among other things, changed the date by which notice of intent to present certain stockholder proposals for consideration at our annual meeting must be submitted to our corporate secretary. For our 2009 annual meeting of stockholders, stockholders must submit proposals to our corporate secretary no earlier than January 21, 2009 and no later than February 20, 2009. The deadline for stockholder proposals to be considered for inclusion in our proxy statement remains unchanged.
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Item 6. | Exhibits |
3 | .1 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Dean Foods Company, as adopted on August 27, 2008 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report onForm 8-K filed with the SEC on September 2, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference). | ||
*10 | .1 | Dean Foods Company Amended and Restated Executive Severance Pay Plan (filed herewith). | ||
*10 | .2 | Form of Amended and Restated Change in Control Agreement for our executive officers (filed herewith). | ||
*10 | .3 | Forms of Amended and Restated Change in Control Agreements for certain other officers (filed herewith). | ||
31 | .1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). | ||
31 | .2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). | ||
32 | .1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). | ||
32 | .2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). | ||
99 | Supplemental Financial Information for Dean Holding Company (filed herewith). |
* | This exhibit is a management or compensatory agreement. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
DEAN FOODS COMPANY
/s/ Ronald L. McCrummen
Ronald L. McCrummen
Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
November 5, 2008
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