New Accounting Standard - Sales Recognition | 2. New Accounting Standard – Sales Recognition We adopted ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which created FASB Topic 606 (“Topic 606”) with a date of initial application of January 1, 2018. Topic 606 also includes Subtopic 340-40, “Other Assets and Deferred Costs – Contracts with Customers,” which requires the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. As a result, we changed our accounting policy for sales recognition and incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer as detailed below. We applied Topic 606 using the modified retrospective transition method. In adopting the new standard, the net cumulative effect from prior periods of applying the guidance in Topic 606 was recognized as a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018. Additionally, we have elected the option to only account for contracts that remained open as of the January 1, 2018 transition date in accordance with Topic 606. Revenue recognition for contracts for which substantially all of the revenue was recognized in accordance with the revenue guidance in effect before January 1, 2018 has not been changed. The comparative information as of December 31, 2017 and for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 have not been adjusted and continue to be reported under the previously applicable accounting standards. The details of the significant changes and quantitative impact of the changes are set forth below. • For sales transactions for certain security software products that are sold with integral third-party delivered software maintenance, we changed our accounting to record both the software license and the accompanying software maintenance on a net basis, as the agent in the arrangement, given the predominant nature of the goods and services provided to the customer. Under previous guidance, we bifurcated the sale of the software license from the sale of the maintenance contract, recorded the sale of the software product on a gross sales recognition basis and recorded the sale of the software maintenance on a net sales recognition basis. This change has no effect on reported gross profit dollars associated with these transactions. • The accounting for inventories not available for sale, otherwise known as bill and hold arrangements, changed such that a portion of revenue under the contracts is recognized earlier than we were recognizing under previous accounting standards. Bill and hold arrangements are inventory balances owned by our clients that we are warehousing and will be deploying to the clients’ locations in a future period. • The accounting for renewals of certain software term/usage licenses changed to delay or accelerate revenue recognition to the renewal period. Under previous guidance, we recognized revenue as the renewal order was completed. • The accounting for certain contracts with our clients that include payment terms that exceed one year changed such that we recognize revenue at the point in time when control of the product is transferred to the client or over the period of time that the service is provided to the client. To the extent that a significant financing component exists in these arrangements, we will record interest income associated with the financing component of the arrangement over the payment terms of the arrangement. Under previous guidance, we deferred revenue recognition under these contracts until payments became due as a result of the extended payment terms. • The timing of revenue recognition for certain services contracts also changed to align with an appropriate input or output method. For example, the timing of revenue recognition for certain services contracts with stated milestone terms changed to an earlier point in time when control transfers to the customer. Under previous guidance, we recognized revenue based on the milestones stated in the contract with our customer. • The accounting for recording sales returns allowance changed from being recorded against accounts receivable to being recorded as a refund liability. As a result, in our consolidated balance sheets, we reclassified our sales returns allowance balance from accounts receivable, net to accrued expenses and other current liabilities. Under previous guidance, we recorded the sales returns allowance in accounts receivable, net and not as a separately stated liability. • The accounting for sales commissions on contracts with performance periods that exceed one year changed such that we record such sales commissions as an asset and amortize them to expense over the related contract performance period. Under previous guidance, sales commissions were expensed in the period the transaction was generated. The total cumulative effect adjustment from prior periods that we recognized in our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018 as an adjustment to retained earnings was $7,176,000. The following tables summarize the effects of adopting Topic 606 on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2018 and for the three and nine months then ended (in thousands, except for per share data): BALANCE SHEET AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 Pre-Topic 606 As Reported Adjustments Adoption Cash and cash equivalents $ 111,055 $ — $ 111,055 Accounts receivable, net 1,682,005 (115,210 ) 1,566,795 Inventories 171,197 — 171,197 Inventories not available for sale 648 72,529 73,177 Other current assets 103,778 37,356 141,134 Total current assets 2,068,683 (5,325 ) 2,063,358 Property and equipment, net 74,097 — 74,097 Goodwill 167,065 — 167,065 Intangible assets, net 116,608 — 116,608 Deferred income taxes 13,844 — 13,844 Other assets 70,220 (15,793 ) 54,427 $ 2,510,517 $ (21,118 ) $ 2,489,399 Accounts payable – trade $ 758,035 $ (47,159 ) $ 710,876 Accounts payable – inventory financing facility 237,556 — 237,556 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities 180,101 (20,880 ) 159,221 Current portion of long-term debt 17,360 — 17,360 Deferred revenue 63,696 67,171 130,867 Total current liabilities 1,256,748 (868 ) 1,255,880 Long-term debt 251,334 — 251,334 Deferred income taxes 427 — 427 Other liabilities 59,001 (13,768 ) 45,233 1,567,510 (14,636 ) 1,552,874 Stockholders’ equity: Preferred stock — — — Common stock 355 — 355 Additional paid-in capital 319,065 — 319,065 Retained earnings 657,625 (6,407 ) 651,218 Accumulated other comprehensive loss – foreign currency translation adjustments (34,038 ) (75 ) (34,113 ) Total stockholders’ equity 943,007 (6,482 ) 936,525 $ 2,510,517 $ (21,118 ) $ 2,489,399 STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS FOR TH E THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 Pre-Topic 606 As Reported Adjustments Adoption Net sales: Products $ 1,548,273 $ 56,880 $ 1,605,153 Services 199,453 (1,981 ) 197,472 Total net sales 1,747,726 54,899 1,802,625 Costs of goods sold: Products 1,415,808 $ 49,985 1,465,793 Services 97,004 1,230 98,234 Total costs of goods sold 1,512,812 51,215 1,564,027 Gross profit 234,914 3,684 238,598 Operating expenses: Selling and administrative expenses 184,095 28 184,123 Severance and restructuring expenses 683 — 683 Acquisition-related expenses 188 — 188 Earnings from operations 49,948 3,656 53,604 Non-operating expense, net 6,734 — 6,734 Earnings before income taxes 43,214 3,656 46,870 Income tax expense 11,060 887 11,947 Net earnings $ 32,154 $ 2,769 $ 34,923 Net earnings per share: Basic $ 0.91 $ 0.07 $ 0.98 Diluted $ 0.89 $ 0.08 $ 0.97 Shares used in per share calculations: Basic 35,468 — 35,468 Diluted 35,957 — 35,957 STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS FOR TH E NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 Pre-Topic 606 As Reported Adjustments Adoption Net sales: Products $ 4,724,888 $ 85,551 $ 4,810,439 Services 606,202 (9,045 ) 597,157 Total net sales 5,331,090 76,506 5,407,596 Costs of goods sold: Products 4,319,181 75,407 4,394,588 Services 272,355 (378 ) 271,977 Total costs of goods sold 4,591,536 75,029 4,666,565 Gross profit 739,554 1,477 741,031 Operating expenses: Selling and administrative expenses 561,739 277 562,016 Severance and restructuring expenses 2,709 — 2,709 Acquisition-related expenses 282 — 282 Earnings from operations 174,824 1,200 176,024 Non-operating expense, net 17,634 — 17,634 Earnings before income taxes 157,190 1,200 158,390 Income tax expense 40,554 430 40,984 Net earnings $ 116,636 $ 770 $ 117,406 Net earnings per share: Basic $ 3.27 $ 0.03 $ 3.30 Diluted $ 3.24 $ 0.02 $ 3.26 Shares used in per share calculations: Basic 35,622 — 35,622 Diluted 36,012 — 36,012 STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018 The adoption of Topic 606 had no effect on net cash provided by operating activities, net cash used in investing activities or net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The adjustment to net earnings noted above in reconciling our reported results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 under Topic 606 to pre-Topic 606 adoption was fully offset by adjustments to the reported changes in asset and liability balances, resulting in no effect on operating cash flows. Significant Accounting Policy Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a client, and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of a product or service to a client. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a client, are excluded from revenue. This is consistent with our accounting treatment prior to the adoption of Topic 606, whereby we We record the freight we bill to our clients as product net sales and the related freight costs we pay as product costs of goods sold. This is consistent with our accounting treatment prior to the adoption of Topic 606 . Nature of Goods and Services We sell hardware and software products on both a stand-alone basis without any services and as solutions bundled with services. When we provide a combination of hardware and software products with the provision of services, we separately identify our performance obligations under our contract with the client as the distinct goods (hardware and/or software products) or services that will be provided. The total transaction price for an arrangement with multiple performance obligations is allocated at contract inception to each distinct performance obligation in proportion to its stand-alone selling price. The stand-alone selling price is the price at which we would sell a promised good or service separately to a client. Observable stand-alone prices are used when they are available. If not available, we estimate the price based on observable inputs, including direct labor hours and allocable costs. Product Offerings Hardware We recognize hardware product revenue at the point in time when a client takes control of the hardware, which typically occurs when title and risk of loss have passed to the client at its destination. Our selling terms and conditions were modified during the fourth quarter of 2017 to specify F.O.B. destination contractual terms such that control is transferred from the Company at the point in time when the product is received by the client. Prior to the adoption of Topic 606, because we either (i) had a general practice of covering client losses while products were in transit despite title and risk of loss contractually transferring at the point of shipment or (ii) had specifically stated F.O.B. destination contractual terms with the client, delivery was not deemed to have occurred until the point in time when the product was received by the client. The transaction price for hardware sales is adjusted for estimated product returns that we expect to occur under our return policy based upon historical return rates. We leverage drop-shipment arrangements with many of our partners and suppliers to deliver products to our clients without having to physically hold the inventory at our warehouses, thereby increasing efficiency and reducing costs. We recognize revenue for drop-shipment arrangements on a gross basis as the principal in the transaction when the product is received by the client because we control the product prior to transfer to the client. We also assume primary responsibility for fulfillment in the arrangement, we assume inventory risk if the product is returned by the client, we set the price of the product charged to the client and we work closely with our clients to determine their hardware specifications. This is consistent with our accounting treatment prior to the adoption of Topic 606. Bill and Hold Transactions We offer a service to our customers whereby clients may purchase product that we procure on their behalf and, at our clients’ direction, store the product in our warehouse for a designated period of time, with the intention of deploying the product to the clients’ designated locations at a later date. These warehousing services are designed to help our clients with inventory management challenges associated with technology roll-outs, product that is moving to end of life, and/or clients needing integrated stock available for immediate deployment. In some circumstances, we may also perform lab integration services on a portion of the product prior to shipment to our clients for a separate fee. The client is invoiced and title transfers to the client upon receipt of the product at our warehouse. These product contracts are non-cancelable with customary credit terms beginning the date the product is received in our warehouse and the warranty periods begin on the date of invoice. Revenue is recognized for the sale of the product to the client upon receipt of the product at our warehouse. The warehousing services and lab integration fees are considered separate performance obligations. Under previous accounting guidance, prior to the adoption of Topic 606, it was determined that these product sales transactions did not meet the revenue recognition criteria under GAAP. Therefore, we did not record product net sales, and the inventories were classified as inventories not available for sale on our consolidated balance sheets, until the product was delivered to the clients’ designated location. If clients remitted payment before we delivered the product to them, we recorded the payments received as deferred revenue on our consolidated balance sheets until such time as the product was delivered. Software We recognize revenue from software sales at the point in time when the client acquires the right to use or copy software under license and control transfers to the client. For renewals, revenue is recognized upon the commencement of the term of the software license agreement or when the renewal term begins, as applicable. This is a change from our accounting treatment prior to the adoption of Topic 606, whereby revenue from renewals of software licenses was recognized when the parties agreed to the renewal or extension, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria had been met. Although the revenue recognition treatment for term software license renewals has changed as described above, a substantial portion of the software licenses we sell are perpetual software licenses and do not require renewal or extension after their initial purchase by the client. Such perpetual licenses are periodically subject to true-up, whereby additional perpetual licenses are sold under the client’s pre-existing master agreement. Such true-ups are generally sold in arrears, and clients are invoiced for the additional licenses they had already been utilizing. Since the client controlled these additional perpetual licenses prior to the true-up, software revenue related to the underlying additional licenses is recognized when we agree to the true-up with our client and the partner. This is consistent with our accounting treatment prior to the adoption of Topic 606. Services Offerings Software Maintenance Software maintenance agreements provide our clients with the right to obtain any software upgrades, bug fixes and help desk and other support services directly from the software publisher at no additional charge during the term of the software maintenance agreements. We act as the software publisher’s agent in selling these software maintenance agreements and do not assume any performance obligation to the client under the agreements. As a result, we are the agent in these transactions and these sales are recorded on a net sales recognition basis. Under net sales recognition, the cost of the software maintenance agreement is recorded as a reduction to sales, resulting in net sales equal to the gross profit on the transaction, and there are no costs of goods sold. Because we are acting as the software publisher’s agent, revenue is recognized when the parties agree to the initial purchase, renewal or extension as our agency services are then complete. Cloud / Software-as-a-Service Offerings Cloud or software-as-a-service subscription products provide our clients with access to software products hosted in the public cloud without the client taking possession of the software. We act as the software publisher’s agent in selling these software-as-a service subscription products and do not host the software products on our servers. We do not take control of the software products or assume any performance obligations to the clients related to the provisioning of the offerings in the cloud. As a result, these sales are recorded on a net sales recognition basis. This is consistent with our accounting treatment prior to the adoption of Topic 606. As discussed in Note 11, we report all fees earned from activities reported net within our services net sales category in our consolidated statements of operations. Insight Delivered Services We design, procure, deploy, implement and manage solutions that combine hardware, software and services to help businesses run smarter. Such services are provided by us or third-party sub-contract vendors as part of bundled arrangements, or are provided separately on a stand-alone basis as technical, consulting or managed services engagements. If the services are provided as part of a bundled arrangement with hardware and software, the hardware, software and services are generally distinct performance obligations. In general, we recognize revenue from services engagements as we perform the underlying services and satisfy our performance obligations. We recognize revenue from sales of services by measuring progress toward complete satisfaction of the related service performance obligation. Billings for such services that are made in advance of the related revenue recognized are recorded as a contract liability. Specific revenue recognition practices for certain of our services offerings are described in further detail below. Time and Materials Services Contracts We recognize revenue for professional services engagements that are on a time and materials basis based upon hours incurred for the performance completed to date for which we have the right to consideration, even if such amounts have not yet been invoiced as of period end. This is consistent with our accounting treatment prior to the adoption of Topic 606. Fixed Fee Services Contracts We recognize revenue on fixed fee professional services contracts using a proportional performance method of revenue recognition based on the ratio of direct labor and other allocated costs incurred to total estimated direct labor and other allocated costs. This is consistent with our accounting treatment prior to the adoption of Topic 606. OneCall Support Services Contracts When we sell certain hardware and/or software products to our clients, we also enter into service contracts with them. These contracts are support service agreements for the hardware and/or software products that were purchased from us. Under certain support services contracts, although we purchase third-party support contracts for maintenance on the specific hardware or software products we have sold, our internal support desk assists the client first by performing an initial technical triage to determine the source of the problem and whether we can direct the client on how to fix the problem. We refer to these services as “OneCall.” We act as the principal in the transaction because we perform the OneCall services over the term of the support service contract and we set the price of the service charged to the client As a result, we recognize revenue . This On our consolidated balance sheet, a significant portion of our contract liabilities balance relates to OneCall support services agreements for which clients have paid or have been invoiced but for which we have not yet recognized the applicable services revenue. We also defer incremental direct costs to fulfill our service contracts that we prepay to third parties for direct support of our fulfillment of the service contract to our clients under our contract terms and amortize them into operations over the term of the contracts. Vendor Direct Support Services Contracts When we do not provide OneCall services to the client on hardware and/or software products that were purchased, the client may purchase a vendor direct support services contract through us. Under these contracts, our clients call the manufacturer/publisher or its designated service organization directly for both the initial technical triage and any follow-up assistance. We act as the manufacturer/publisher’s agent in selling these support service contracts and do not assume any performance obligation to the client under the arrangements. As a result, these sales are recorded on a net sales recognition basis similar to software maintenance agreements, as discussed above. Because we are acting as the manufacturer/publisher’s agent, revenue is recognized when the parties agree to the purchase of the support services contract as our agency services are then complete. This is consistent with our accounting treatment prior to the adoption of Topic 606. Third-party Provided Services A majority of our third-party sub-contractor services contracts are entered into in conjunction with other services contracts under which the services are performed by Insight teammates. We have concluded that we control all services under the contract and can direct the third-party sub-contractor to provide the requested services. As such, we act as the principal in the transaction and record the services under a gross sales recognition basis, with the selling price being recorded in sales and our cost to the third-party service provider being recorded in costs of goods sold. For certain third-party service contracts in which we are not responsible for fulfillment of the services, we have concluded that we are an agent in the transaction and record revenue on a net sales recognition basis. This is consistent with our accounting treatment prior to the adoption of Topic 606. Disaggregation of Revenue In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by our reportable operating segments, which are primarily defined by Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 North America EMEA APAC Consolidated Major Offerings Hardware $ 953,431 $ 147,497 $ 6,041 $ 1,106,969 Software 259,602 168,603 13,099 441,304 Services 158,426 29,080 11,947 199,453 $ 1,371,459 $ 345,180 $ 31,087 $ 1,747,726 Major Client Groups Large Enterprise / Corporate $ 986,665 $ 265,430 $ 10,715 $ 1,262,810 Public Sector 141,895 62,720 6,255 210,870 Small and Medium-Sized Businesses 242,899 17,030 14,117 274,046 $ 1,371,459 $ 345,180 $ 31,087 $ 1,747,726 Revenue Recognition based on acting as Principal or Agent in the Transaction Gross revenue recognition (Principal) $ 1,322,391 $ 326,671 $ 26,638 $ 1,675,700 Net revenue recognition (Agent) 49,068 18,509 4,449 72,026 $ 1,371,459 $ 345,180 $ 31,087 $ 1,747,726 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 North America EMEA APAC Consolidated Major Offerings Hardware $ 2,724,916 $ 505,844 $ 22,518 $ 3,253,278 Software 828,231 551,920 91,459 1,471,610 Services 465,458 104,086 36,658 606,202 $ 4,018,605 $ 1,161,850 $ 150,635 $ 5,331,090 Major Client Groups Large Enterprise / Corporate $ 2,945,880 $ 836,865 $ 37,770 $ 3,820,515 Public Sector 388,109 273,821 67,134 729,064 Small and Medium-Sized Businesses 684,616 51,164 45,731 781,511 $ 4,018,605 $ 1,161,850 $ 150,635 $ 5,331,090 Revenue Recognition based on acting as Principal or Agent in the Transaction Gross revenue recognition (Principal) $ 3,857,104 $ 1,093,110 $ 133,542 $ 5,083,756 Net revenue recognition (Agent) 161,501 68,740 17,093 247,334 $ 4,018,605 $ 1,161,850 $ 150,635 $ 5,331,090 Contract Balances The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities as of September 30, 2018 and January 1, 2018 (in thousands): September 30, January 1, 2018 2018 Current receivables, which are included in “Accounts receivable, net” $ 1,682,005 $ 1,909,074 Non-current receivables, which are included in “Other assets” 31,288 32,227 Contract assets, which are included in “Other current assets” 652 595 Contract liabilities, which are included in “Deferred revenue” and “Other liabilities” 83,339 86,743 Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands): Increase (Decrease) Contract Contract Assets Liabilities Balances at January 1, 2018 $ 595 $ 86,743 Reclassification of the beginning contract liabilities to revenue, as the result of performance obligations satisfied — (53,022 ) Cash received in advance and not recognized as revenue — 49,685 Reclassification of the beginning contract assets to receivables, as the result of rights to consideration becoming unconditional (590 ) — Contract assets recognized, net of reclassification to receivables 647 — Cumulative catch-up adjustment arising from changes in estimates of transaction price — (67 ) Balances at September 30, 2018 $ 652 $ 83,339 Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations The following table includes estimated net sales related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of September 30, 2018 that are expected to be recognized in the future (in thousands): Products Services Total Remaining three months of 2018 $ 3 $ 39,990 $ 39,993 2019 13 70,061 70,074 2020 5 27,335 27,340 2021 — 9,621 9,621 2022 — 3,877 3,877 2023 — 1,474 1,474 2024 and thereafter — 221 221 Total remaining performance obligations $ 21 $ 152,579 $ 152,600 Topic 606 allows for certain practical expedients which we have elected to apply. As a result, we do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations that have original expected durations of one year or less in the table above. Amounts not included in the table above have an average original expected duration of eight months. Additionally, for our time and material services contracts, whereby we have the right to consideration from a client in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the client of our performance completed to date, we recognized revenue in the amount to which we have a right to invoice as of September 30, 2018 and do not disclose information about related remaining performance obligations in the table above. Our time and material contracts have an average expected duration of 13 months. The majority of our backlog historically has been and continues to be open cancelable purchase orders. We do not believe that backlog as of any particular date is predictive of future results, therefore we do not include performance obligations under open cancelable purchase orders, which do not qualify for revenue recognition in accordance with Topic 606 as of September 30, 2018, in the table above. Assets recognized for costs of obtaining a contract with a customer We believe that the only significant incremental costs incurred to obtain contracts with our clients within the scope of Topic 606 are sales commissions. The majority of our contracts are completed within a one-year performance period, and for contracts with a specified term of one year or less, we have exercised a practical expedient, which allows us to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that we otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. Under Topic 606, we record sales commissions on contracts with performance periods that exceed one year as an asset and amortize the asset to expense over the related contract performance period. As of September 30, 2018, the related asset balance was $2,666,000, which we expect to recognize as expense over the next 36 months. Under previous accounting standards, we recognized sales commissions as earned and recorded such amounts within selling and administrative expenses in our statements of operations. |