CPW, an independent retailer of telephony services, acquired internet service provider AOL UK in October 2006 making it the third largest broadband provider, with over 2 million customers. AOL UK is currently being run separately from CPW’s own TalkTalk brand.
O2 UK (acquired by Telefónica of Spain in 2006) recently moved into the broadband sector by purchasing “Be”, a telecoms network provider. O2 has delayed the launch of a broadband product twice, with launch now moved to September 2007.
In January 2007, Vodafone UK launched the broadband service, “Vodafone At Home”, for Vodafone mobile contract customers. Vodafone at Home is delivered using a wholesale DSL service from BT rather than LLU. The service is available to 97% of UK households via BT Wholesale’s broadband network. The number of subscribers to the service has not been published.
Orange UK offers “Broadband Unlimited”, a service providing wireless broadband access at up to 8Mb through the “Livebox” wireless router which also serves as a VoIP telephony port. In 2006, Orange UK began offering a free broadband service to its mobile telephony customers with an 18 month contract of a minimum £30 per month. France Telecom, parent company of Orange UK, also offers IPTV services in France, and Orange has stated that it is exploring the potential to launch IPTV services in the UK.
Competition from Linear television channels
The Sky channels compete with other linear television channels for the acquisition of programming and programming rights: for viewers, for distribution and for advertising and sponsorship revenue.
In both the UK and Ireland, the television channels and other audio-visual service providers with the largest audience shares are traditionally analogue terrestrial channels, which are broadcast free-to-air. In the UK, these channels are BBC1, BBC2, ITV1, Channel 4 and five, while in Ireland these are RTE1 and Network 2, the Irish language channel TG4, and the commercial channel TV3. In the UK, as well as being available via analogue terrestrial television, the five traditionally analogue terrestrial channels are also available via DTH, cable, DTT and DSL, and, in the case of DTH and DTT, on a free-to-air basis.
The UK analogue terrestrial channels also own and operate a range of digital-only channels that are available via DTH, cable, DTT and DSL, and, in the case of DTH and DTT, on a free-to-air basis. These channels are cross-promoted by their analogue associated channels.
In addition to these channels, Sky competes with both Sky-distributed third party channels and with other television channels broadcast via satellite, cable, DTT and/or via DSL. These other channels may be broadcast free-to-air on satellite (either encrypted or unencrypted) or may be independently-retailed pay television channels.
The free-to-air encrypted and unencrypted digital satellite channels (which, as at June 2007 amounted to more than 200 TV channels and more than 95 radio channels) can be received by anyone with appropriate satellite reception equipment (including the necessary conditional access equipment for the reception of encrypted channels) without payment of a subscription fee.
As at June 2007, there were 44 encrypted digital satellite pay television channels for DTH reception retailed independently of us available on a subscription or a pay-per-view basis. These include the nine channels offered as part of the Setanta Sports subscription package (Setanta Sports 1, Setanta Sports 2, Setanta Golf, Setanta Ireland, Celtic TV, Rangers TV, Racing UK, Racing World, NASN). The remainder comprises specialist standalone à la carte channels (such as South Asia World and Sony TV Asia) and adult channels.
As Sky and other broadcasters all seek a range of compelling programming to attract viewers, in both the UK and Ireland, there have been, and may in the future be, bidding competitions and/or regulatory intervention which could increase our programming acquisition costs, or which could mean that certain programming in which Sky is interested may not be available to us. For example, in 2006, Setanta Sports secured the live audio visual rights to two of the six available UK packages of live FAPL football rights for the 2007/08 to 2009/10 seasons, for which Sky also bid. In addition, the US PGA Tour announced a six year deal starting on 1 January 2007 granting Setanta Sports exclusive live rights to all US PGA Tour events (excluding the US Open, the USA PGA Championship and the US Masters). In 2007, the FA announced a deal granting Setanta Sports and ITV exclusive live rights for a range of FA events (including The FA Cup and England matches) from August 2008 to July 2012.
Advertising
Our primary competitors for television advertising sales are ITV plc, which sells advertising on ITV1, ITV2, ITV3, ITV4, and CITV, Channel 4 (which also sells advertising for E4, More 4 and Film Four and their multiplexes), five, Interactive Digital Sales (“IDS”) (which sells advertising on behalf of the UKTV group of channels and the Virgin Media TV channels (Living, Bravo, Trouble and Challenge)), and Viacom Brand Solutions (“VBS”) (which sells advertising on behalf of Viacom, Paramount, MTV and Nickelodeon).
Based upon the latest BARB survey estimates, ITV1 and Channel 4 were available to approximately 25.24 and 25.18 million television homes, respectively, in the UK (both digital and analogue), with approximately 93% of the estimated 23.38 million television homes in the UK receiving an acceptable terrestrial analogue signal for five. In addition, according to BARB survey estimates, as at June 2007, approximately 19.03 million UK homes have access to satellite, cable, or digital terrestrial television. Both ITV1 and Channel 4 have a significantly greater overall UK television viewing share than any individual Sky Channel. As a result of the ability of ITV1 and Channel 4 to reach almost all UK television homes, these channels are able to generate greater advertising revenue than we do. We also compete with the Sky Distributed Channels and all other commercial channels for television advertising sales.
Within UK Multi-Channel Homes, the Sky Channels in aggregate attract viewing levels which are comparable to some of the traditionally analogue terrestrial channels. This suggests to us that, as the number of Multi-Channel Homes in which the Sky Channels are available increases, our competitive position with respect to advertising revenue may improve. The Sky Channels jointly have an overall viewing share (within Multi-Channel Homes) significantly greater than each of Channel 4 and five in those homes, although the Sky Channels’ combined viewing share is still less than that of ITV1 in these homes. Based upon BARB surveys for the 52 weeks ended 30 June 2007, the viewing shares in UK Multi-Channel Homes of the traditionally analogue terrestrial channels and the combined Sky Channels were, respectively, BBC1 19.88%, BBC2 6.95%, ITV1 17.24%, Channel 4 7.83%, five 4.79%, and the Sky Channels 8.35% (of which Sky One accounted for 16.89% of the Sky Channels’ viewing share (and had an individual viewing share of 1.41%)) . The remaining 34.96% of viewing in UK Multi-Channel Homes was of other (non-Sky) satellite, cable and DTT channels.
Technology and infrastructure
We control access to some DTH channels through the use of a conditional access system, VideoGuard (see “Encryption of digital services” below). The satellite reception equipment provided to DTH customers is owned by such customers (whether or not they are subscribers), except for certain aspects such as the smart card (a credit card size plastic card containing a chip that provides conditional access functionality), some of the software in all set-top boxes and a proportion of the hard drive capacity in some of the Sky+ PVRs and HD PVRs. All costs associated with the acquisition of subscribers, including the cost of satellite reception equipment, are charged immediately to the income statement and are therefore not included within capital expenditure.
The EPG in the set-top box uses an operating system which we license from OpenTV, Inc. (“OpenTV”). The OpenTV operating system provides a virtual machine interface which enables applications to be authored once, yet still be capable of running on all our different types of DTH set-top boxes once the application is downloaded to the set-top boxes. This simplifies the development of applications for the set-top box and ensures universal availability of services to all DTH set-top boxes. The operating system in each set-top box is licensed upon payment of a per set-top box royalty by the set-top box manufacturer to OpenTV.
Encryption of digital services
VideoGuard is a conditional access technology which can be used to encrypt and decrypt digital television and audio services. We use it to control DTH viewers’ access to encrypted satellite non-subscription channels and encrypted digital pay and pay-per-view television and audio channels broadcast on digital satellite for reception in the UK and/or Ireland.
We use the VideoGuard technology and distribute smart cards in the UK and Ireland under an agreement with NDS Limited (“NDS”) which expires in 2010, but is renewable, at our option, for a further three years. NDS supplies smart cards and undertakes ongoing security development and other support services in return for the payment of fees by us.
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The business, its objectives and its strategy
continued
In conjunction with NDS, we maintain a policy of refining and updating the VideoGuard technology in order to restrict unauthorised DTH reception of our services. We take appropriate measures to counter unauthorised reception, including the implementation of over-the-air countermeasures altering authorised smart cards in a manner which then renders counterfeit smart cards obsolete and seeking legal remedies, both civil and criminal, reasonably available to us. We also periodically replace smart cards in circulation with smart cards containing progressively more sophisticated technology. Such replacement has rendered useless all smart cards then in circulation, whether genuine or counterfeit. The first periodic replacement of digital smart cards since our digital launch in October 1998 was successfully completed in November 2003.
We are actively working with cable operators in the UK to investigate the use of any cable piracy devices. We believe that we have suffered a loss of wholesale cable revenue as a result of the availability of cable piracy devices (in relation to both analogue and digital cable television services). We are unable to quantify this loss, including whether or not such loss is material. We have not (to date) invoiced any cable operator in respect of such lost cable revenue and therefore, such lost revenue has not been recognised within our consolidated financial statements.
We distribute our channels to Virgin Media via both a secure landline and satellite. In respect of other cable operators, we generally provide delivery to cable operators via satellite. To enable reception of the satellite signal, a smart card is located at the site of the cable operator’s feed into its cable transmission system, permitting decryption of the signal, which the operator in turn distributes to those of its subscribers who are authorised and equipped to receive the service.
Encryption of channels retailed by third parties
Any potential DTH broadcaster wishing to operate and independently retail an encrypted television service within the UK and Ireland must either acquire an alternative encryption and conditional access technology from someone other than us, and build its own decoder base capable of receiving transmissions encrypted using that technology, or, in respect of digital services, contract with us for conditional access services in respect of access to the installed VideoGuard decoder base.
In addition to providing broadcast conditional access services, both for our own DTH offerings and those of third parties, we provide digital access control services for interactive services produced by us and others, including using a telephone return path to carry out transactions between suppliers and viewers. These broadcast conditional access and access control services are regulated by Ofcom. See “Government regulation – Broadcasting and telecommunications regulation – European Union – Electronic Communications Directives”.
Satellites
We contract with SES Astra for the majority of capacity on the satellite transponders that we use for digital transmissions for reception by both DTH viewers and cable operators. SES Astra is 100% owned by SES, a Luxembourg company listed on the Luxembourg stock exchange and Euronext Paris. We have also contracted, via an agreement with BT, for capacity on four transponders on the Eurobird satellite, which is owned and operated by Eutelsat.
For the transmission of our DTH service, we have contracted for capacity on 31 transponders from SES Astra on SES satellites Astra 2A, 2B and 2D. Those transponder agreements have varying end dates between 2009 and 2020. The term of the agreement on the Eurobird satellite expires in 2013.
In addition to using some of the transponder capacity that we have contracted to broadcast Sky Channels, some of our transponder capacity (and in some cases all of the capacity on a particular transponder) is sub-contracted to third parties for the transmission of other channels or services, including certain of the Sky Distributed Channels.
We have been designated a “non pre-emptible customer” under each of our transponder agreements. This means that, in the event of satellite or transponder malfunction, our use of these transponders cannot be suspended or terminated by SES Astra or Eutelsat in favour of another broadcaster with pre-emption rights in preference to us. In addition, in the event of satellite or transponder malfunction, we have arrangements in place with SES Astra pursuant to which back-up capacity may be available for some of our transponder capacity based on an agreed satellite back-up plan.
We have also put in place disaster recovery plans in the event that we experience any significant disruption of our transponder capacity. To date, we have not experienced any such significant disruption. However, the operation of both the Astra and Eutelsat satellites is outside our control and a disruption of transmissions could have a material adverse effect on our business, depending on the number of transponders affected and its duration.
SES Astra has announced that it will deploy an additional satellite, Astra 2C, to the same orbital location as Astra 2A, 2B and 2D. This will initially provide 12 additional transponders and potentially up to 16 additional transponders which may be used for back-up purposes and/or additional new services.
Our transponder agreements with SES Astra provide that our rights are subject to termination by SES Astra in the event that SES Astra’s franchise is withdrawn by the Luxembourg government.
Capital expenditure programme
We continue to invest consistently in capital expenditure required to support our growth strategies. Total capital expenditure for the Group was £361 million in 2007. This included £211 million invested in information systems infrastructure; broadcast infrastructure; new product development; and investments relating to customer service improvements and new facilities, including elements of our £450 million four year capital expenditure programme announced in August 2004. The remaining investment of £150 million relates to the roll-out of our broadband network and services as part of an expected capital expenditure of approximately £250 million over two years as announced in July 2006.
As is common with capital expenditure projects of this scale, there are risks that they may not be implemented as envisaged; or that they may not be completed either within the proposed timescale or budget; or that the anticipated business benefits of the projects may not be fully achieved.
The customer management centres and Sky In-Home Service Limited
Our customer management centres are based in Scotland. The centres’ functions include the handling of orders from subscribers, the establishing and maintaining of customer accounts, invoicing and revenue collection, telemarketing and customer service. These functions permit the centres to play a key role in both customer acquisition and customer retention. We provide customer management services for the Sky Channels and the Sky Distributed Channels. We also deliver customer services for both our own, and certain third party, interactive television services, our telephony services, our video-streaming services, and the personal video recorder TiVo.
The customer management centres also provide the distribution of ordered customer installations into Sky In-Home Service Limited which then provides nationwide installation and servicing of digital satellite reception equipment directly in customer homes. Sky In-Home Service Limited also provides an aftercare service to the DTH subscriber base in relation to digital satellite reception equipment which is both in, and out of, warranty.
During the course of the last seven fiscal years, we have invested more than £270 million in our customer management centres and systems. This expenditure has been focused principally on completely replacing the centres’ existing customer management and billing systems with new applications and also on improving the existing physical infrastructure of the centres. The replacement of the customer management and billing systems was completed in March 2006. We have now migrated all existing customer data onto the new applications. The move to the new system was completed in two phases. Both phases have been completed with minimal disruption to normal business operations and the applications are now functioning in line with expectations.
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Playout and uplink facilities
Our uplinking facilities located in southern England, provide uplinking capacity for our digital services to the Astra 2A, 2B and 2D satellites as well as Eutelsat’s Eurobird 1 satellite.
Our television channels are distributed from our Osterley and Chilworth sites with each of the sites providing backup service for the other. Over the course of the past 12 months, we have increased the amount of live operation carried out in the Chilworth facility and deployed server based playout fully across both playout sites, enabling diversification of the playout of our channels. The Osterley-sourced channels are fed to the uplink sites using a fibre link, which is backed up by a diversely routed secondary link in the case of any malfunction in the primary fibre route. This route passes through the other facility so that, in the case of Chilworth being unavailable, the services can be uplinked directly from the other facility.
For those third parties to whom we sub-contract transponder capacity, we usually have agreements in place to provide uplinking facilities as well.
Minority equity investments
On 17 November 2006, the Group acquired 696 million shares in ITV plc representing 17.9% of the issued share capital of ITV plc, at a price of 135 pence per share. The total consideration paid amounted to £946 million, and was funded at the time from the Group’s existing cash balances and its previously undrawn revolving credit facility. This investment is currently being reviewed by Ofcom and the Competition Commission (the “CC”).
Significant agreements
The Companies Act 2006 requires us to disclose the following significant agreements that take effect, alter or terminate on a change of control of the Company:
FAPL
In May 2006, British Sky Broadcasting Limited entered into an agreement (the “FAPL Licence”) with The Football Association Premier League Limited (the “FAPL”) pursuant to which, the Group was awarded four of six available packages of live audio-visual rights for F.A. Premier League football (the six packages are together the “Live Packages”).
The FAPL will not award all of the Live Packages to a single licensee (either on its own or as part of a consortium or through one or more of its related parties) (the “Single Buyer Rule”).
Pursuant to the FAPL Licence, the FAPL can suspend and/or terminate all of the rights which are included in, or exercisable as part of, one of the six available Live Packages in the event that a change of control of the Company occurs at any time prior to the expiry of the FAPL Licence which, if it had occurred prior to the award of the Live Packages to the Group, would have resulted in a breach of the Single Buyer Rule.
RCF
On 3 November 2004, the Company, British Sky Broadcasting Limited and Sky Subscribers Services Limited entered into a revolving credit facility agreement with Barclays Capital, Citigroup Global Markets Limited, Deutsche Bank AG London, JP Morgan plc and the Royal Bank of Scotland plc (as mandated lead arrangers) and certain other financial institutions (as “Lenders”) pursuant to which the Lenders agreed to make available to the Company £1 billion to refinance existing facilities and for general corporate purposes (the “RCF”).
Pursuant to the RCF, the Lenders can require all amounts outstanding under the RCF to be repaid in the event of a change of control of the Company (other than where News Corporation or any subsidiary or holding company thereof acquires such control).
News Corporation voting agreement
On 21 September 2005, the Company, BSkyB Holdco Inc., News UK Nominees Limited and News Corporation entered into a voting agreement which became unconditional on 4 November 2005 pursuant to which News UK Nominees Limited’s voting rights at any general meeting are capped at 37.19% (the “Voting Agreement”). The provisions of the Voting Agreement cease to apply inter alia, on a change of control of the Company.
EMTN bond issue
On 3 April 2007, the Group established a Euro medium term note programme (the “EMTN Programme”) which provides the Group with a standardised documentation platform to allow for senior debt issuance in the Eurobond markets. The maximum potential issuance under the EMTN Programme is £1 billion.
On 14 May 2007, the Company issued Eurobonds consisting of £300 million guaranteed notes paying 6.000% interest and maturing on 14 May 2027 (the “Notes”). The Notes were issued under the Group’s EMTN Programme.
Pursuant to the final terms attaching to the Notes, a holder of the Notes has the option to require the Company to redeem or (at the Company’s option) purchase its Notes at its principal amount plus interest for the relevant period if there is a change of control of the Company (i) which, if the Notes carry an investment grade credit rating, results in a downgrade to a non-investment grade rating or a withdrawal of that rating; or (ii) where, if the Notes carry a non-investment grade rating, results in a downgrade by one or more notches or a withdrawal of that non-investment grade rating; or (iii) where, if the Notes do not carry a credit rating, the Company does not seek such a rating or is unable to achieve such a rating.
UK broadcasting licences
The Group is party to a number of Ofcom broadcasting licences for the broadcast of the Sky Channels.
The Broadcasting Act 1990 (as amended by the Broadcasting Act 1996 and the Communications Act) lays down a number of restrictions on who may hold Ofcom broadcasting licences. Among those restricted from holding Ofcom broadcasting licences or from controlling a licensed Company are (a) local authorities, (b) political bodies, (c) religious bodies, (d) any company controlled by any of the previous categories or by their officers or associates, (e) advertising agencies or any company controlled by such an agency or in which it holds more than a 5% interest.
Licensees are obliged to comply with these ownership restrictions. Failure by a licensee to do so (either by the licensee becoming a “disqualified person” or any change affecting the nature, characteristics or control of the licensee which would have precluded the original grant of the licence) may constitute a breach of the licence and, if not rectified, could result in revocation of the licence.
Other material agreements
In addition to the EMTN Programme and the Voting Agreement, the following agreement has been entered into outside the ordinary course of business during the two years immediately preceding the date of this filing:
Bond Issue
In October 2005, the Group entered into an indenture in respect of the issue by the Group of $750 million, 5.625% unsecured notes due 2015, $350 million, 6.500% unsecured notes due 2035 and £400 million, 5.750% unsecured notes due 2017.
Corporate Responsibility
The Group has developed a two-tier Corporate Responsibility (“CR”) governance structure. At a board and executive level, the CR Steering Group (“CRSG”) provides leadership and drives corporate responsibility practices. The CRSG comprises Senior Executives and two non-executive Board Directors and meets twice a year and updates the Board. The CRSG is supported by a taskforce of senior operational managers that works to embed responsible business practices throughout the Group.
The management of environmental issues is overseen by a number of working groups responsible for energy and waste management, which report to the CRSG. Other groups are in place to oversee health and safety and human resources policy, and Sky’s employees can communicate their views on corporate responsibility via the Sky Forum of elected Sky employees.
The Group runs an annual risk workshop on corporate responsibility issues and maintains a corporate responsibility risk register. The Group also undertakes consultation with stakeholders that assists in corporate responsibility risk identification. The Group is a member of the FTSE4Good Index and the Dow Jones Sustainability Index and is the only broadcaster included in the Global 100 Most Sustainable Companies index. The Group publishes an annual Corporate Responsibility Review which provides full details of corporate responsibility activities. This information can also be found on the web at www.sky.com/responsibilities.
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Corporate Responsibility
continued
Customers
Offering the best choice in entertainment and communication to our customers – entertainment and communication that is great quality, great value, flexible and simple to use – is central to the Group’s customer offering. The Group has technology to control access including parental control features. The Group has also implemented its Code of Practice for Interactive Gambling, developed with GamCare, an organisation that promotes responsible gambling. Accessibility to programming is provided through on-screen subtitling, signing and audio description and a dedicated accessibility services team provides dedicated customer care.
Environment
In May 2006, the Group announced it had become the world’s first major media company and one of the first FTSE 100 companies to be CarbonNeutral. The Group has set targets for reducing its energy consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, wasteand water consumption. Progress against these targets is documented in the Group’s annual Corporate Responsibility Review.
In March 2007, we launched a new feature on two million Sky+ and HD set-top boxes which switches them into a power saving standby mode when not in use. Since 1 July 2007, Sky has the collection processes and other requirements in place to facilitate the recycling and/or reuse of all Sky electronic equipment including set-top boxes.
Community investment
Our position as an entertainment provider enables us to bring entertainment and learning together, providing our customers with new services to get the most out of Sky.
The Group continues to align its community investment activities to the wider goals of the business and its customers and utilises its brand, platform and technology in community investment. Current initiatives include Sky Learning, Living for Sport; Make a Difference, the employee community involvement scheme, and our three year charity partnership.
People
Organisation
The average number of full-time equivalent persons employed by the Group during the year was 13,087, an increase of 1,871 from the prior year. The most significant increase has been in customer advisors and installers, further strengthening the customer service element of our business. The Group delivers diverse entertainment content and services, and we value the same diversity amongst our people.
Throughout the year we have continued to improve accessibility for all applicants. We invite those who would like to join the Group to tell us if they would require adjustments to their working environment during the selection processes. Applications for employment by disabled persons are always fully considered, bearing in mind the aptitudes of the applicant concerned.
Training and development focuses on talent management, leadership development, new technology, and improving the customer experience. Further improvements in e-learning have also ensured fast and cost efficient delivery of training and knowledge.
We have also continued to improve the rigour of our health and safety and occupational health approach. Our people surveys continue to show improving employee engagement and manager effectiveness.
Talent management
We have started to implement a new talent management framework, designed to address our present and future needs in talent resourcing, development and contingency planning.
Recruitment
We aim to recruit the highest calibre individuals, to continue to develop the business, addressing business targets and internal requirements. We aim to provide opportunities for our people to move around the Group, as well as actively sourcing the best external candidates at all levels.
Training and Development
Our focus is to develop our talent proactively, ensuring that we have the right people in place with the right skills and knowledge, in order to deliver on our business objectives. Strategically, we focus on attracting targeted groups, knowing who our most valued people are, and continuing to retain and develop these people, to ensure we have a strong talent pipeline to meet future challenges.
Our training and development portfolio has increased, both in terms of content and depth. Our core training modules include a wide range of courses, from Project Management to Managing Performance. In addition to these, numerous tailored programmes have also been delivered. We have also expanded our e-learning programme, which includes product knowledge, management and Health and Wellbeing topics.
The launch of our HD service created a need to design a training and development programme for technical, engineering, operational, creative and support staff. A range of on and off-job training activities were designed and delivered, and as a result, the HD training programme has been short listed for a National Training Award.
In the current year, we launched Sky’s Leadership Development Programme for senior managers, and a new programme is expected to launch in Autumn 2007. We also have an International Development programme, which provides opportunities for development through visits to other organisations, and sharing ideas and best practice.
We have also launched a mentoring scheme, which is open to all members of staff – either as a mentee or as a mentor – providing internal development for all levels of staff.
Effectiveness
Through the year, a number of restructuring projects, process and effectiveness reviews have ensured that our organisation remains appropriately shaped and skilled to drive growth in the future.
Health, Safety and Wellbeing
Our long-term Health, Safety and Wellbeing plan is integrated into all areas of our business. We have introduced a new occupational health system that allows a robust approach to health surveillance planning, and provides more accurate and comprehensive health data, meaning our resources can be better directed.
Our employee wellbeing strategy also provides opportunities for active involvement by our employees. The Sky health and wellbeing initiative “Feel Karma” is now embedded as a recognised programme that gives our people the tools, information and understanding to lead a healthy lifestyle and utilise our health services appropriately and efficiently.
Additionally, we offer employees a comprehensive support system and required adjustments for disability, ensuring employees are equipped to best fulfil their potential.
Reward and benefits
The Group offers an attractive and competitive reward and benefits package. This includes the BSkyB Pension Plan, life cover and disability benefits, the Sharesave scheme, a healthcare plan and complimentary Sky+ for all employees. Awards under the Management Long Term Incentive Plan share scheme are made to selected employees, and the Sharesave scheme is open to all permanent employees.
Our “Sky Choices” programme allows employees to make tax and National Insurance savings in areas such as childcare payments and mobile phones. It also supports the environment, by providing savings for a bicycle for travel to work, travel season ticket loans and the costs of personal carbon offsetting. The “Sky Benefits Extra” programme offers negotiated discounts on a variety of products and services for our employees.
Involvement and Communication
We encourage the involvement of our people in discussions on both current business initiatives and future plans. Our “Sky Forum” (an elected group of 70 employees)
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continues to play a key role in communication, representing the views and ideas of our employees, as well as consulting on health and safety. Forum members allow us to hear the views of our people through involvement in various interest groups. Senior management play an active role in responding to the topics raised through the Forum, and the Chief Executive Officer, other Senior Executives and relevant managers regularly attend Forum meetings to talk about Sky’s strategic priorities.
The “Sky People Survey” collects the views and opinions of all our people. Senior Executives and management teams look at the results and feedback from this, and develop action plans. We have developed new performance appraisals, recognition programmes, training, communications, and improved the working space in many areas. Individual departments have also taken action to address specific issues to make the business more productive.
Recognition
Our annual “Team Sky” awards allow employees to nominate colleagues who have demonstrated Sky’s values, with the winners receiving significant prizes. During the current year we also launched specific recognition programmes for each business area, enabling them to engage and recognise their people in a way that supports their business plans.
Risk factors
This section describes the significant risk factors affecting our business. These should be read in conjunction with our long-term operating targets, which are set out in “Financial Review – Introduction – Overview and Recent Developments”. These risks could have a material adverse effect on any or all of our business, financial condition, prospects, liquidity or results of operations. Additional risks and uncertainties of which we are not aware or which we currently believe are immaterial may also adversely affect our business, financial condition, prospects, liquidity or results of operations.
The Group’s business is heavily regulated and changes in regulations, changes in interpretation of existing regulations or failure to obtain required regulatory approvals or licences could adversely affect the Group’s ability to operate or compete effectively.
The Group is subject to regulation primarily under UK and European Union legislation and it is currently and may be in the future subject to investigation and enquiries from regulatory authorities from time to time. The regimes which affect the Group’s business include broadcasting, telecommunications, competition (anti-trust), gambling and taxation laws and regulations. Relevant authorities may introduce additional or new regulations applicable to the Group’s business. The Group’s business and business prospects could be adversely affected by the introduction of new laws, policies or regulations or changes in the interpretation or application of existing laws, policies and regulations. Changes in regulations relating to one or more of licensing requirements, access requirements, programming transmission and spectrum specifications, consumer protection, taxation, or other aspects of the Group’s business, or that of any of the Group’s competitors, could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business and/or the results of its operations.
The Group cannot be certain that it will succeed in obtaining all requisite approvals and licences in the future for its operations without the imposition of restrictions which may have an adverse consequence to the Group, or that compliance issues will not be raised in respect of the Group’s operations, including those conducted prior to the date of this filing.
On 20 March 2007, Ofcom announced that it will investigate the UK pay TV industry, following receipt and consideration of a submission from various industry participants (BT, Setanta, Top Up TV and Virgin Media). Following this investigation, which will include obtaining information from market participants, Ofcom will decide whether to make a market reference under the Enterprise Act 2002 (the “Enterprise Act”) to the CC, which would be on the basis that it has reasonable grounds for suspecting that any feature, or combination of features, of any market in the UK prevents, restricts or distorts competition in connection with the supply of pay TV services in the UK. Ofcom will also consider whether any concerns would be better addressed either using its sectoral powers under the Communications Act 2003 (the “Communications Act”) or its powers under the Competition Act 1998 (the “Competition Act”).
In addition, the National Consumer Council, which is a designated consumer body under the Enterprise Act, has indicated that it is considering making a “super-complaint” to Ofcom in relation to the provision of pay TV services in the UK. A “super-complaint” is a complaint that “any feature or combination of features of a market in the UK for goods or services is or appears to be significantly harming the interests of consumers”. If Ofcom decides to accept such a “super-complaint”, this can lead to a market study being made into the issues raised, a market investigation reference being made to the CC (of the type Ofcom itself has announced it is considering), or other enforcement action under its competition or consumer powers.
At this stage, the Group is not yet able to assess whether, or the extent to which, these matters will have a material effect on the Group.
The Group operates in a highly competitive environment that is subject to rapid change and it must continue to invest and adapt to remain competitive.
The Group faces competition from a broad range of companies engaged in communications and entertainment services, including cable operators, DSL providers, digital and analogue terrestrial television providers, telecommunications providers, internet service providers, home entertainment products companies, betting and gaming companies, companies developing new technologies, and other suppliers of news, information, sports and entertainment, as well as other providers of interactive services. The Group’s competitors increasingly include communication and entertainment providers that are offering services beyond those with which they have traditionally been associated, either through engaging in new areas or by reason of the convergence of the means of delivery of communication and entertainment services. The Group’s competitors include organisations which are publicly funded, in whole or in part, and which fulfil a public service broadcasting mandate. A change to such mandate could lead to an increase in the strength of competition from these organisations. Although the Group has continued to develop its services through technological innovation and by licensing, acquiring and producing a broad range of content, the Group cannot predict with certainty the changes that may occur in the future which may affect the competitiveness of its businesses. In particular, the means of delivering various of the Group’s (and/or competing) services may be subject to rapid technological change. The Group’s competitors’ positions may be strengthened by an increase in the capacity of, or developments in, the means of delivery which they use to provide their services.
The Group’s advertising revenue depends on certain external factors which include the overall value of advertising placed with broadcasters by third party advertisers as well as the amount of such advertising that is placed with the Group and the channels on whose behalf the Group sells advertising space. The Group’s advertising revenue is also impacted by the audience viewing share of the Sky Channels and the other channels on whose behalf the Group sells advertising and, accordingly, such revenue is affected to some extent by the distribution of such channels. The Group cannot be certain that these factors will always be favourable to the Group and therefore that any related developments or changes will not have a negative impact on the Group’s advertising revenue. Advertising revenue may also be dependent on the viewing behaviour of the television audience. For example, viewers with Sky+ (or any other PVR) or viewers of on-demand programming may choose not to view advertising including that on Sky Channels and Sky Distributed Channels. The Group cannot be certain that its advertising revenue will not be impacted negatively by this behaviour or that advertising revenue for Sky Channels currently offered on other platforms will not be impacted negatively in the future by the offering of PVR devices similar to Sky+ by other operators.
The Group’s ability to compete successfully will depend on its ability to continue to acquire, commission and produce programme content that is attractive to its subscribers. The programme content and third party programme services the Group has licensed from others are subject to fixed term contracts which will expire or may terminate early. The Group cannot be certain that programme content or third party programme services (whether on a renewal or otherwise) will be available to it at all or on acceptable financial or other terms (including in relation to technical matters such as encryption, territorial limitation and copy protection). Similarly, the Group cannot be certain that such programme content or programme services will be attractive to its customers, even if so available.
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Risk factors
continued
The future demand and speed of take up of the Group’s DTH service, and the Group’s broadband and telephony services will depend upon the Group’s ability to offer such services to its customers at competitive prices, pressures from competing services (which include both paid-for and free-to-air offerings), and its ability to create demand for its products and to attract and retain customers through a wide range of marketing activities. The future demand and speed of take up of the Group’s services will also depend upon the Group’s ability to package its content attractively. In addition, the Group operates in a geographic region which has experienced sustained economic growth for a number of years. The effect of a possible slowdown in the rate of economic growth and/ or a decline in consumer confidence on the Group’s ability to continue to attract and retain subscribers is uncertain. Therefore, the Group cannot be certain that the current or future marketing and other activities it undertakes will succeed in generating sufficient demand to achieve its operating targets.
The Group’s business is reliant on technology which is subject to the risk of failure, change and development.
The Group is dependent upon satellites which are subject to significant risks that may prevent or impair their commercial operations, including defects, destruction or damage, and incorrect orbital placement. If the Group, or other broadcasters who broadcast channels on the Group’s DTH platform, were unable to obtain sufficient satellite transponder capacity in the future, or the Group’s contracts with satellite providers were terminated, this would have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business and results of operations. Similarly, loss of the transmissions from satellites that are already operational, or failure of the Group’s transmission systems or uplinking facilities, could have a material adverse effect on its business and operations.
The Group is dependent on complex technologies in other parts of its business, including its customer relationship management systems, broadcast and conditional access systems, advertising sales, supply chain management systems and its telecommunications network infrastructure, including WAN, LLU, CISCO core IP network, Marconi/Alcatel optical network and complex application servers. In terms of the delivery of the Group’s broadcast services, the Group is reliant on a third party telecommunications infrastructure to distribute the content between its head offices at Isleworth and its primary and secondary uplink sites at Chilworth and Fair Oak. In addition, the Group’s network and other operational systems are subject to several risks that are outside the Group’s control, such as the risk of damage to software and hardware resulting from fire and flood, power loss, natural disasters, and general transmission failures caused by a number of additional factors.
Any failure of the Group’s technologies, network or other operational systems or hardware or software that results in significant interruptions to the Group’s operations could have a material adverse effect on its business.
There is a large existing population of digital satellite reception equipment used to receive the Group’s services, including set-top boxes and ancillary equipment, in which the Group has made a significant investment and which is owned by its customers (other than the smart cards, the hard disk capacity in excess of the personal storage capacity and the software in the set-top boxes, to which the Group retains title). Were a significant proportion of this equipment to suffer failure, or were the equipment to be rendered either redundant or obsolete by other technology or other requirements or by the mandatory imposition of incompatible technology, or should the Group need to or wish to upgrade significantly the existing population of set-top boxes and/or ancillary equipment with replacement equipment, this could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business.
The deployed set-top boxes contain finite memory resources that are used by the operating system and other software components such as the conditional access system, EPG, and interactive applications. The Group has, to date, been able to carry out software downloads from time to time to reconfigure the memory utilisation in these set-top boxes in order to accommodate additional and increasingly complex services. In the event that the Group wishes to carry out such software downloads in order to accommodate additional and increasingly complex services and this course of action is no longer available to the Group, it may be limited in its ability to upgrade the services available via the set-top boxes currently installed on subscribers’ premises.
Failure of key suppliers could affect the Group’s ability to operate its business.
The Group relies on a consistent and effective supply chain to meet its business plan commitments and to continue to maintain its network. A failure to meet the Group’s requirements or delays in the development, manufacture or delivery of products from suppliers, the discontinuance of products or services, or a deterioration in support quality, could adversely affect the Group’s ability to deliver its products and services. No assurance can be given that a broad economic failure or decline in quality of equipment suppliers in the industry in which the Group operates will not occur. Any such occurrence could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business. Sky Talk relies on telecommunications services from network operator THUS plc and failure on the part of THUS plc to meet the Group’s requirements for whatever reason may affect the Group’s ability to deliver its telephony services to Sky Talk subscribers.
The Group uses a series of products from Openreach (a BT group business) within its LLU operations. These are the colocation space and associated facilities to house the central office equipment (comingling), backhaul circuits to connect that equipment to the Group’s network (BES) and finally individual copper lines that go between the central office equipment and the end user’s house (primarily SMPF lines). Outside of the Group’s LLU areas the Group uses BT Wholesale’s IPstream “bitstream” product to provide broadband connectivity to end users. The Group purchases these products from Openreach under terms and conditions outlined within the Ofcom Telecoms Strategic Review (“OTSR”) settlement between Ofcom and BT. This legally binding settlement referred to as the “BT Undertakings” stipulates that the Group buys these products on a fully equivalent basis when compared to other operators (including other parts of BT) who supply broadband, telephony and network products and services. Ofcom has set up an “Equality of Access Board” whose role is to monitor and ensure that all Equivalence of Input requirements agreed in the BT Undertakings are being enacted. Ofcom also monitors the implementation of the BT Undertakings. Failure by either Openreach or BT Wholesale in fact to provide its products to the Group on a fully equivalent basis could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business.
The Group is reliant on encryption and other technologies to restrict unauthorised access to its services.
Direct DTH access to the Group’s services is restricted through a combination of physical and logical access controls, including smart cards which the Group provides to its individual DTH subscribers. Unauthorised viewing and use of content may be accomplished by counterfeiting the smart cards or otherwise overcoming their security features. A significant increase in the incidence of signal piracy could require the replacement of smart cards sooner than otherwise planned. Although the Group works with its technology suppliers to ensure that its encryption and other protection technology is as resilient to hacking as possible, there can be no assurance that it will not be compromised in the future. The Group also relies upon the encryption or equivalent technologies employed by the cable and other platform operators for the protection of access to the services which the Group makes available to them. Failure of such technology could impact our revenue from those operators.
The Group’s network and other operational systems rely on the operation and efficiency of its computer systems. Although the Group’s systems are protected by firewalls, there is a risk that its business could be disrupted by hackers or viruses gaining access to its systems. Any such disruption, and any resulting liability to the Group’s customers, could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business.
The Group undertakes significant capital expenditure projects, including technology and property projects.
As is common with capital expenditure projects there is a risk that the Group’s capital expenditure projects (see “The business, its objectives and its strategy – Capital expenditure programme” above), may not be completed as envisaged, either within the proposed timescales or budgets, or that the anticipated business benefits of the projects may not be fully achieved.
The Group, in common with other service providers that include third party services which the Group retails, relies on intellectual property and proprietary rights, including in respect of programming content, which may not be adequately protected under current laws or which may be subject to unauthorised use.
The Group’s services largely comprise content in which it owns, or has licensed, the intellectual property rights, delivered through a variety of media, including broadcast
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programming, interactive television services, and the internet. The Group relies on trademark, copyright and other intellectual property laws to establish and protect its rights over this content. However, the Group cannot be certain that its rights will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented or that it will successfully renew its rights. Third parties may be able to copy, infringe or otherwise profit from the Group’s rights or content which it owns or licenses, without the Group’s, or the rightsholder’s, authorisation. These unauthorised activities may be more easily facilitated by the internet. In addition, the lack of internet-specific legislation relating to trademark and copyright protection creates an additional challenge for the Group in protecting its rights relating to its online businesses and other digital technology rights.
The Group generates wholesale revenue from a limited number of customers.
The Group’s wholesale customers, to whom it offers certain of the Sky Channels and from whom it derives its wholesale revenue have comprised principally ntl and Telewest which have merged and been rebranded as Virgin Media. Since 28 February 2007, Virgin Media has not carried the Sky Basic Channels but continues to carry all of the Sky Premium Channels on its digital networks (and Sky Sports 1 and Sky Sports 2 to its remaining analogue cable subscribers). Economic or market factors, regulatory intervention, or a change in strategy relating to the distribution of the Group’s channels, may adversely influence the Group’s wholesale revenue and other revenue which the Group receives from Virgin Media in connection with supply of the Sky Premium Channels which may negatively affect the Group’s business.
The Group is subject to a number of medium and long-term obligations.
The Group is party to a number of medium and long-term agreements and other arrangements (including in respect of programming and transmission, for example, its transponder agreements) which impose financial and other obligations upon the Group. If the Group is unable to perform any of its obligations under these agreements and/or arrangements, it could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business.
Government regulation
The sectors in which we operate are subject to both sector-specific regulation, in particular regulation relating to the electronic communications and broadcasting sectors, and general competition (anti-trust) law.
The regulatory regime applicable to the electronic communications and broadcasting sectors is, to a large extent, based on European Community (“EC”) law comprised in various EC Directives. A Directive is an instrument of EC law which is addressed to Member States of the European Union, and requires them to adopt national legislation to give effect to its objectives, whilst leaving the precise manner and form of the national legislation to the discretion of the Member State.
Electronic Communications Regulation
EC law
The Electronic Communications Directives
The regulation of electronic communications networks and services and associated facilities is governed by a series of EC Directives, including the Framework Directive, the Access and Interconnection Directive, the Authorisation Directive and the Universal Services Directive (together, the “Electronic Communications Directives”). The Electronic Communications Directives, which came into force in July 2003, are designed to create a harmonised system of regulation across the European Union (“EU”).
The Electronic Communications Directives regulate the provision of communications services including telephony and broadband services; they do not regulate the editorial control or content of television broadcasting services but do cover, inter alia, the networks and transmission services which are involved in the broadcasting of such television services as well as the provisions of various services and facilities associated with the operation of digital television platforms, including the digital satellite platform.
The Electronic Communications Directives replace an earlier set of instruments which provided for a regime for the licensing of persons engaged in the provision of relevant telecommunications activities. Under the Electronic Communications Directives, Member States are required to abandon such licensing regimes, and to adopt a system whereby any person is generally authorised to provide electronic communications networks and/or services without prior approval.
Such persons may provide electronic communications networks and services without being subject to detailed regulatory rules. Member States’ national regulatory authorities (“NRAs”) may apply, as conditions of the general authorisation, only minimal general conditions necessary to achieve certain key objectives of the Electronic Communications Directives (e.g. the availability of adequate directory inquiries services; the ability for consumers to maintain an existing telephone number, even if they switch from one provider to another; and fair treatment of consumers).
Beyond such minimal general conditions, NRAs may impose additional obligations on persons providing specific kinds of electronic communications networks, services, or facilities only where such obligations are specifically envisaged by the Electronic Communications Directives, and are justified and appropriate to allow third party access to particular network infrastructure, services, or facilities or where the NRA has determined that one or more persons active in a particular market enjoy significant market power (“SMP”) and that the imposition of additional obligations on such persons is justified and appropriate to avoid adverse outcomes.
The Electronic Communications Directives envisage that such “ex ante” rules (i.e. rules imposed in anticipation of an adverse outcome, rather than by way of “ex post” remedy) should be limited to what is necessary, and used only where an NRA has determined them to be appropriate to restrain the conduct of persons enjoying SMP (which is equivalent to the competition law concept of dominance) or where the Directives otherwise specifically mandate the imposition of ex ante rules.
Accordingly, the Electronic Communications Directives require NRAs in each of the EU Member States to carry out periodic reviews of competition in relevant electronic communications markets and, where a communications provider is found to have significant market power in a relevant market, to impose appropriate regulatory obligations. The European Commission also plays a formal role in the market review process undertaken by NRAs.
In November 2005, the European Commission commenced a review of the functioning of the Electronic Communications Directives. The European Commission has indicated that it intends to publish draft legislative proposals for modifying the existing framework by the end of October 2007, with a view to the implementation of a revised framework within the Member States by 2009/2010. The four main areas where the European Commission has indicated that changes are needed to the existing regulatory framework are:
• | putting in place an effective market-oriented strategy for spectrum management inEurope’s internal market; |
• | regulating less, but more effectively, by phasing out ex-ante regulation in a number ofmarkets currently regulated; |
• | streamlining the market review procedure to make it faster, less burdensome andbetter focused on real bottlenecks; and |
• | consolidating the single market, by ensuring that EU rules and remedies are appliedconsistently across all EU Member States. |
UK law
The Electronic Communications Directives have primarily been implemented in the UK by the Communications Act 2003 (“Communications Act”). The Communications Act is enforced by the UK’s NRA, the Office of Communications (“Ofcom”).
General Conditions of Entitlement
As noted above, the EC Electronic Communications Directives provide that anyone wishing to provide an electronic communications network or service should be generally authorised to do so, without requiring any licence or other prior approval. This general authorisation is subject in the UK to the ‘General Conditions of Entitlement’ (“General Conditions”). The General Conditions were adopted under Section 45 of the Communications Act and apply to anyone who is providing an electronic communications network or service.
The Group is subject to the General Conditions in relation to its broadband internet access and public telephony services, including:
• | a requirement to ensure that any end-user can access the emergency services; |
• | a requirement to support number portability for customers wishing to switch to or from another network provider; |
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Government regulation
continued
• | a requirement that customers are offered contracts that satisfy certainminimum standards; |
• | a requirement to ensure that any end-user can access directory enquiry and operatorassistance services; |
• | a requirement to facilitate the migration by customers between broadbandservice providers; |
• | a requirement to publish up-to-date price and tariff information; |
• | a requirement to provide accurate billing, including itemisation on request; and |
• | a requirement to publish codes of practice concerning, among other things, theservices provided, the handling of customer complaints and sales and marketing. |
As a network operator, Easynet is also subject to requirements to negotiate network interconnection, to comply with relevant compulsory standards and to take all reasonable steps to maintain (to the greatest possible extent) the proper and effective functioning of its public telephone network.
The Group has published a Code of Practice dealing with Sky Talk products, services and customer care procedures; a Code of Practice concerning the sales and marketing practices for the Sky Talk telephony service; a Code of Practice for Premium Rate and Number Translation Services; a Code of Practice on dealing with customer complaints; and a Code of Practice relating to the provision of Sky Broadband.
Access-related conditions
Ofcom also has the power under Section 45 of the Communications Act to impose so-called access-related conditions, including conditions relating to conditional access services.
Conditional Access Services Conditions
Access-related conditions have been imposed on Sky Subscribers Services Limited (“SSSL”) in relation to the provision of conditional access services. These conditions include:
• | a requirement to provide conditional access services upon request, on fair andreasonable terms; |
• | where a broadcaster in receipt of conditional access services from SSSL also providesprogramme services to providers of other electronic communications networks (e.g.cable operators), a requirement to cooperate with providers of such other electroniccommunications networks so that such providers are able to transcontrol (the processof changing a conditional access system) and re-transmit the programme services; |
• | an obligation to keep separate financial accounts regarding activities as provider ofconditional access services; |
• | where conditional access products and systems are the subject of intellectual propertyrights, a requirement to make such products and systems available upon reasonableterms and at reasonable charges (e.g. the licensing of technology to manufacturers ofdigital decoders); and |
• | a requirement not to discriminate unduly against particular persons or against aparticular description of persons. |
Currently, only SSSL is subject to access-related conditions relating to conditional access services. However, Ofcom is currently proposing to apply identical conditions to Top Up TV Limited in respect of conditional access services provided via the DTT platform, on which it commenced a public consultation in early 2007.
Continued licence conditions relating to EPGs and access control services
Prior to the entry into force of the new regulatory regime instituted by the Electronic Communications Directives, and implemented in the UK by the Communications Act, the Group operated under a number of class licences issued under the Telecommunications Act 1984. These class licences have largely been revoked. However, certain provisions in these class licences have continued in force as “Continuation Notices” issued under Paragraph 18 of Schedule 9 of the Communications Act, including in particular conditions relating to the provision of electronic programme guides (“EPGs”) and access control services for digital transmissions.
We are required under a continuation notice to provide EPG services to other broadcasters on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and not to favour related companies. Ofcom has consulted on replacing this continuation notice with authorisation conditions under the Communications Act, the deadline for comments on the consultation document having been in March 2004. Ofcom has yet to replace this continuation notice following this consultation and therefore the continuation notice still applies. The Communications Act does not, however, envisage that the manner of regulation of EPGs will change.
Our subsidiary, SSSL, is currently designated a regulated supplier in respect of its activities in providing access control services to third parties on our DTH platform and it is, among other things, subject to the obligation to provide such access control services on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and not to favour related companies. This designation, set out in a continuation notice, will remain in place for as long as SSSL is considered to have SMP. In November 2003, Oftel commenced a review under the Communications Act to determine whether any provider of access control services has (or, in the case of SSSL, continues to have) SMP. The deadline for comments on the consultation document was in January 2004. Ofcom has yet to publish its conclusions to this consultation; in the meantime, SSSL continues to be subject to the regulatory regime under this continuation notice.
Ofcom’s Guidelines and Explanatory Statement for the Provision of Technical Platform Services
In September 2006, Ofcom published revised guidelines on how, in the event of a dispute or complaint, it would normally interpret the requirement on Sky to ensure that its terms, conditions and charges for the provision of “technical platform services” are fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (“TPS Guidelines”). (The term “technical platform services” is used to refer collectively to conditional access, electronic programme guide listings services, and access control services). The TPS Guidelines took effect from 1 January 2007 and replace the previous guidelines dating from 2002.
The TPS Guidelines set out general principles that Ofcom indicates it would apply in assessing whether the Group has complied with the relevant regulatory conditions requiring it to provide “technical platform services” on fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory terms. These general principles can be summarised as follows:
• | the costs that Sky should be entitled to recover from “TPS Customers” should berestricted to costs which it reasonably, necessarily and efficiently incurs in theprovision of TPS to those customers or in order to develop and operate the digitalsatellite platform; |
• | Sky should be entitled to recover its allowable costs and make a risk adjusted returnon its investment; |
• | costs should only be recovered from those customers that directly cause the costs tobe incurred, or that benefit from the costs being incurred; and |
• | where costs incurred are of benefit to more than one TPS Customer then they shouldbe recovered from each TPS Customer in a way that takes due account of the benefitsderived by TPS Customers from those costs being incurred. |
The TPS Guidelines also contain guidance on how the “incremental” benefits that a TPS Customer receives from the provision of its chosen mix of “technical platform services” can be measured. Ofcom notes, however, that the Group may choose to adopt different methods for assessing such incremental benefits and characterisation of the costs of various “technical platform services”, which Ofcom acknowledges it may also consider to be consistent with the relevant regulatory conditions.
The TPS Guidelines also state that an existing or prospective TPS Customer should be provided with sufficient information to allow it to determine the TPS charges that it would expect to pay without having to enter into a commercial negotiation with Sky. Since December 2006, the Group has therefore published a rate card setting out the charges payable for “technical platform services”.
Ofcom Review of Wholesale Digital Television Broadcasting Platforms
In July 2006, Ofcom commenced a review of wholesale digital television broadcasting platforms, which will include an analysis of relevant markets and an assessment of whether any person or persons hold SMP in a relevant market. This review will consider, among other things, the regulatory obligations relating to conditional access, access control and EPG services. At this stage, the Group is not yet able to assess whether, or the extent to which, this review will have a material effect on the Group.
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SMP Conditions
In common with all other operators of fixed public electronic communications networks in the UK, Easynet has been determined to have SMP in the market for fixed geographic call termination services on its own network (i.e. services allowing calls originating on another network to be terminated on Easynet’s fixed network). A specific condition has been imposed on Easynet pursuant to Section 45 of the Communications Act requiring it to provide call termination to all public communications providers who reasonably request it on fair and reasonable terms, conditions and charges.
The Group benefits from SMP conditions imposed on British Telecommunications plc (“BT”) in other relevant markets. These include conditions requiring BT to provide wholesale local access (LLU) services and wholesale broadband access services, which the Group uses to provide broadband services to its customers, as well as wholesale line rental, which the Group intends to use to provide telephony services to its customers from 2008. The conditions imposed on BT in these markets include a requirement to provide Network Access on reasonable request, a requirement not to discriminate unduly and a requirement to publish information about its prices, terms and conditions.
Ofcom is currently conducting a review of the wholesale broadband access market and published a consultation document on 21 November 2006. This consultation document proposed identifying local, as opposed to national, geographic markets for the provision of wholesale broadband access services. This may involve removing regulation altogether in certain areas where BT faces strong competition from other players, notably Virgin Media. Ofcom has indicated that it is planning to publish a further consultation document this year before reaching a concluded view on its proposals.
Ofcom is also planning to carry out a review of fixed narrowband services (including wholesale line rental) before spring 2008.
The Group also benefits from SMP conditions imposed on National Grid Wireless (formerly Crown Castle) and Arqiva (formerly ntl:Broadcast) in relation to the provision of wholesale broadcasting transmission services, which the Group benefits from (via the provision by NGW of a managed transmission service) to broadcast its services on the DTT platform. The conditions imposed include a requirement to provide Network Access to masts and sites on reasonable request, a requirement not to unduly discriminate and a requirement to provide Network Access on cost oriented terms. NGW was recently acquired by Macquarie UK Broadcast Ventures Limited (which also owns Arqiva). This transaction is currently being reviewed by the Office of Fair Trading (“OFT”).
On 19 June 2007, Ofcom published the conclusions of its review of the pricing of spectrum for terrestrial broadcasting. To date, transmission service providers who use spectrum for the purposes of DTT have only had to pay administrative cost-based fees for their use of the spectrum. Ofcom has decided that, from 2014, a system of Administrative Incentive Pricing will be introduced, which will involve charging annual fees for the holding of a spectrum that reflects the opportunity cost of the holding of that spectrum. The effect of this new system may be that transmission service providers become liable to pay more than they currently do for their use of the spectrum, which could have an impact on the amount the Group pays for broadcasting transmission services.
Enforcement of General Conditions, SMP Conditions, Access-related Conditions and Continued Licence Conditions
Any breach of the General Conditions, SMP Conditions or Access-related conditions could result in Ofcom issuing a direction against us to rectify the breach and a failure to comply with such direction could result in the imposition of a fine or, ultimately, the suspension of the Group’s right to provide the relevant network, services or facilities. Generally, any decision by Ofcom to impose new obligations on the Group, or any remedial direction or fine would be amenable to appeal to the Competition Appeal Tribunal or, if no appeal is available, could be challenged by way of judicial review before the courts.
The continued licence conditions relating to EPG services and access control services are enforceable by Ofcom using enforcement powers under the Telecommunications Act 1984.
Dispute resolution
In addition to providing for the imposition by Ofcom of specific regulatory obligations, the Communications Act also imposes a duty on Ofcom to resolve certain disputes relating to the provision of Network Access (as defined by Section 151(3) of the Communications Act). In resolving such disputes, Ofcom has the power to do one or more of the following:
• | to make a declaration setting out the rights and obligations of the parties tothe dispute; |
• | to give a direction fixing the terms and conditions of transactions between the partiesto the dispute; |
• | to give a direction imposing an obligation, enforceable by the parties to the dispute,to enter into a transaction between themselves on the terms and conditions fixed byOfcom; and |
• | to give a direction, enforceable by the party to whom the sums are to be paid,requiring the payment of sums by way of adjustment of an underpaymentor overpayment. |
Transmission standards
The use of standards for the transmission of television signals is governed by the Electronic Communications Directives (notably the Access and Universal Services Directives), which require EU Member States to impose transmission standards on broadcasters of television services. These requirements on technical standards have been implemented in the UK by The Advanced Television Services Regulations 2003 and are administered by Ofcom.
Recognised Spectrum Access
Ofcom has introduced a system for the management of spectrum under the Communications Act, which is intended to enhance the efficiency of spectrum use through liberalisation of use and trading in spectrum, whilst protecting the quality of spectrum. This regime may include a voluntary system of Recognised Spectrum Access (“RSA”), which would afford some protection from interference for satellite downlinks and would include a charging mechanism for the use of relevant spectrum. Ofcom has announced that it intends to consult the public on the application of RSA to satellite downlinks, for which no date is currently set.
Irish Law
We are currently not regulated by the Irish national communications regulatory authority, ComReg. In June 2003, ComReg clarified that it would not, for the time being, seek to regulate the provision of access to broadcasting networks (or the delivery of content services to end users) in Ireland under the Electronic Communications Directives.
Broadcasting Regulation EC law The Television Without Frontiers Directive and the Audiovisual Media Services without frontiers Directive The EC Television Without Frontiers Directive 1989 (“TWF Directive”), as revised in 1997, sets out certain basic principles for the regulation of television broadcasting activity in the EU. The TWF Directive includes, amongst other things: |
• | a ‘country of origin’ principle to ensure that broadcasters are not required to complywith different rules in different EU Member States. Instead, each broadcaster is subjectto the primary jurisdiction only of its “home” Member State, determined inaccordance with criteria laid down in the TWF; |
• | rules governing the proportion of transmission time that must be reserved forEuropean works and for European works created by producers who are independentof broadcasters; |
• | ‘qualitative’ rules governing the substance of advertising and the standards that mustbe complied with and ’quantitative’ rules regulating the insertion of advertisingbetween or during programmes and/or specifying the maximum durationof advertising; |
• | rules to ensure that broadcasters do not broadcast on an exclusive basis events whichare seen as being of major importance for society, including sporting events, in such away as to deprive a substantial proportion of the public of the possibility of followingsuch events via live coverage or deferred coverage on free television; and |
• | rules to ensure the protection of minors and the prevention of incitement to hatredon grounds of race, sex, religion or nationality. |
The UK has adopted a variety of measures to give effect to the requirements of the TWF Directive, including conditions in broadcasting licences. Further details on the broadcasting licensing regime in the UK are set out below.
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Government regulation
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On 24 May 2007, political agreement was reached on a new Audiovisual Media Services without frontiers Directive (“AVMS Directive”), which will replace the existing TWF Directive. The AVMS Directive is expected to enter into force before the end of 2007. The EU Member States will then be given 24 months in which to transpose the new provisions into national law, so the new rules are likely to apply from some time in 2009.
The AVMS Directive will cover all audiovisual media services, irrespective of the technology used to deliver the service, including both scheduled and on-demand services. However, the rules relating to ‘on demand’ content are limited to safeguarding essential public interests such as protecting minors, encouraging cultural diversity, preventing incitement to hatred and basic consumer protection rules. The AVMS Directive will relax rules on the amount and timing of television advertising. It also sets out clear rules on product placement, obliging broadcasters to inform consumers when it takes place and excluding product placement from news, current affairs and children’s programmes.
Broadcasting Act licences
In the UK, the provisions of the TWF Directive are implemented, to a large extent, via the Broadcasting Acts 1990 and 1996. The Broadcasting Acts also contain additional provisions of national law, beyond the matters required to be covered by the TWF Directive.
The Group is required to hold licences issued under the Broadcasting Act 1990 and the Broadcasting Act 1996 (together, the “Broadcasting Acts”) in relation to its provision of broadcasting services. Compliance with the conditions attaching to these licences is enforced by Ofcom.
We and our broadcasting joint ventures each currently hold a Television Licensable Content Services (“TLCS”) licence for each of our respective channels and for a number of other broadcasting services, including our EPG on digital satellite. A TLCS licence permits a channel to be broadcast on cable, DSL and satellite, but does not confer on a TLCS licensee the right to use any specific satellite, transponder or frequency to deliver the service. TLCS licences are granted for an indefinite duration (for so long as the licence remains in force) and new licences are issued by Ofcom if certain minimum objective criteria are met.
We also hold a Digital Television Programme Services (“DPS”) licence, which is required for the distribution of our channels via DTT, and a Digital Television Additional Services (“DAS”) licence for the distribution of other services (including Sky Text) on DTT. In February 2007, the Group announced that it is developing plans for the launch of a subscription television service on DTT, to replace its current three DTT channels. An application to amend Sky’s DPS licence was submitted to Ofcom in April 2007, which has indicated that it intends to conduct a public consultation later this year on this application, and that it expects to conclude the consultation review early next year.
In common with all television broadcasting licences issued by Ofcom, our licences require us to comply with any relevant codes and directions issued by Ofcom from time to time. The following codes and guidance have been published by Ofcom (or its predecessors):
• | Broadcasting Code: this includes requirements relating to, among other things, theimpartiality and accuracy of news programming, the protection from harm and offenceand the portrayal of sex and violence; |
• | Guidance on the amount and distribution of advertising; |
• | Cross Promotions Code: this is designed to ensure that cross-promotions on televisionare distinct from advertising and are limited to informing viewers of services likely tobe of interest to them as viewers. The Code allows broadcasters to promote“broadcasting-related services” in promotional airtime subject to the requirement thatthe promotion is provided for no consideration. No consideration will be presumedto have passed where the promoting channel has a shareholding of 30% or more inthe promoted channel (or vice versa). The Code also contains additional rules,applicable only to ITV1, Channel 4 and five, requiring all references to digital retailtelevision services or digital television broadcasting platforms to be on an equal andimpartial basis; |
• | Code on Sports and other Listed Events: the Broadcasting Act 1996 (as amended by theCommunications Act) provides that no UK broadcaster may undertake the exclusive live |
| broadcast of certain sporting or other events of national interest designated by the Secretary of State from time to time (“Listed Events”), whether on a free-to-air basis or subscription basis, without the prior consent of Ofcom. The effect of these rules is that many leading sports events cannot be shown exclusively live on pay television in the UK. The Code on Sports and other Listed Events was drafted by the Independent Television Commission (“ITC”), Ofcom’s predecessor, and sets out how the ITC (and now Ofcom) will apply the rules on Listed Events. In September 2005, the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport indicated that a review of listed events is likely to take place around 2008/09: |
• | Code on Television Access Services: the Communications Act prescribes certain annual targets for television access services (subtitling, audio description and signing) that broadcasters’ licensed channels must meet. The Code on Television Access Services sets out Ofcom’s guidance on ensuring compliance with these requirements. The Code requires broadcasters to provide quarterly returns on their compliance. In 2006, all of Sky’s channels, except Sky Box Office exceeded their relevant target. Sky is taking measures in 2007 to address the shortfall on Sky Box Office in 2006, in agreement with Ofcom. In May 2007 Ofcom published a consultation document reviewing the provision of signing services by “low-audience” channels, with a view to considering whether some “low-audience” channels should be excluded from these signing obligations and whether alternative arrangements would provide greater benefits to audiences.The deadline for the consultation is the end of July 2007; and |
• | Code on Electronic Programme Guides: this requires all providers of EPGs licensed under the Broadcasting Acts to give public service channels (which currently comprise all BBC television channels, ITV1, Channel 4, five, and S4C Digital and the digital public teletext service) such degree of prominence as Ofcom considers appropriate. The Code also requires that undue prominence is not given on an EPG to channels connected to the EPG operator, that an objective policy for allocating listings on the EPG is maintained and published; and that there is no requirement for exclusivity on an EPG for any service. |
As noted above, the TWF Directive includes rules governing, amongst other things, the proportion of transmission time that must be reserved for European works and for European works created by producers who are independent of broadcasters. Specifically, the TWF Directive requires each EU Member State to ensure “where practicable and by appropriate means” that broadcasters falling under its jurisdiction reserve (a) a majority of their transmission time for European works and (b) at least 10% of their transmission time or, at the discretion of the Member State, at least 10% of their programming budget for European works created by producers who are independent of broadcasters (in relation to (b), an adequate proportion of such works should be produced within the five years preceding the transmission). The term “where practicable and by appropriate means” is not defined in the TWF Directive and is left for the interpretation of each Member State. In applying these requirements, broadcast time covering news, games, advertisements, sports events, teletext and teleshopping services is excluded.
A condition requiring licensees to comply with these requirements, where practicable, and having regard to any guidance issued by Ofcom, is contained in all Broadcasting Act licences. On 10 February 2005, Ofcom published guidance in relation to compliance with the requirements in the TWF Directive. Ofcom’s guidance requires television broadcasters, who consider that it would not be practicable to meet one or more of the quota requirements, to explain why to Ofcom, which will advise whether any remedial measures are necessary.
A number of our channels currently meet the relevant quota requirements for both European works and European independent products. Some of our channels only meet one of the relevant quotas and some do not meet either quota. For those channels that do not currently reserve the relevant proportion of relevant transmission time to European works or to European independent productions, it may not be practicable to do so, in which case those channels would still comply with the condition in their Broadcasting Act licences. Ofcom has not advised that any remedial measures are necessary in respect of those channels, nor has it advised that it does not accept that it is not practicable for any of these channels to meet the relevant quota requirements.
Enforcement of Broadcasting Act licences
If a licensee is found to be in breach of a condition of its Broadcasting Act licence, Ofcom may issue a direction requiring compliance with the relevant licence condition and may impose a fine. Ofcom also has the ultimate power to revoke a broadcaster’s Broadcasting Act licence where it is found to be in breach of its licence (if no other remedies are considered appropriate). Any decision by Ofcom finding a licensee to be in
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breach of a condition of a Broadcasting Act licence, including a decision to impose a fine or revoke the licence, could be challenged by way of judicial review before the courts.
Media ownership rules
There are various rules in the Broadcasting Act 1990 (as amended) and the Communications Act governing media ownership. These rules currently preclude us (for as long as the Group is ultimately owned as to over 20% by News Corporation or another member of the same group) from acquiring more than a 20% interest in any Channel 3 licence (which covers the 15 regional ITV1 licences and GMTV).
In addition to the media ownership rules governing who can hold a Broadcasting Act licence, Ofcom is also required under the Communications Act to carry out a review whenever a change of control takes place in relation to the holder of certain Broadcasting Act licences, including the Channel 3 licences and the licence for five. Ofcom will review the likely effects of such a change of control on the licensed services, for example in relation to the time available for and scheduling of original productions and news and current affairs programmes. Ofcom has the power to vary the licence holder’s licence to address any concerns that it may have following such a review. In November 2006, Ofcom announced that it would consider whether Sky’s acquisition of a 17.9% stake in ITV plc represented a change in control of one or more of the licences in ITV plc. Ofcom has yet to reach a decision on this review.
In April 2006, Ofcom published guidance on the “definition of control of media companies". This guidance sets out the matters which Ofcom will take into consideration when assessing “control” in this context, and the procedure it will follow when investigating whether “control” exists.
Public Service Broadcasting
As part of its review of public service broadcasting, which concluded in February 2005, Ofcom made a number of proposals, one of which was the creation of a ‘Public Service Publisher’ (“PSP”), a new publicly-funded service, which Ofcom considers would ensure a continued plurality in the provision of public service broadcasting after digital switchover. Ofcom contemplates three possible sources of funding for the PSP: general taxation, an enhanced television licence fee, or a tax on the turnover of UK licensed broadcasters. It is therefore possible, if the Government and Parliament were to accept the PSP proposition and fund it under the broadcaster tax model, that the Group would be required to contribute to such funding. Ofcom published a discussion paper on 24 January 2007, in which it suggested that the PSP would require initial funding of £50 to £100 million annually. Ofcom stated that it would explore with Government and other public bodies the prospects for funding PSP-type projects.
The Government has confirmed (in its White Paper entitled “A public service for all: the BBC in the digital age” published in March 2006) that a review of whether there is a case for providing funding to recipients beyond the BBC (such as Ofcom’s proposed PSP) will take place before the end of the BBC Charter period (i.e. before 2016) and possibly sooner.
In conjunction with this review, Ofcom has been conducting a financial review of Channel 4, notably in relation to the funding of its public service broadcasting obligations. In July 2007, Ofcom published a statement, in which it indicated that it proposed to monitor Channel 4’s financial performance and public service remit closely, to keep under review the medium-long term case for further public financial support for Channel 4 (and ruling out the option under which Channel 4 should not receive further support for the foreseeable future). Ofcom also indicated that it may be appropriate for the Government to consider Channel 4’s requests for (additional) short term support for the period up to 2011-12, given that (and subject to the application of the relevant competition rules) short term measures would, in Ofcom’s view, be appropriate if they helped Channel 4 avoid making reductions in its public service delivery in response to uncertainty about its financial position.
Co-regulation/self-regulation
Ofcom has contracted out responsibility for the regulation of the content of television advertising to the Advertising Standards Authority (“ASA”), a self-regulatory body. The Television Advertising Standards Code, which sets out the rules governing the content of television advertising, applies to all Broadcasting Act licensees and is enforced by the ASA. Ofcom retains a backstop power to enforce compliance with the standards in the Code.
The Sky Talk and Sky Broadband services are also registered with the telecommunications ombudsman service Otelo, with the consequence that Sky’s customers may complain to Otelo about the services they are receiving and Otelo will investigate and decide what action should be taken. As a member of the Ombudsman scheme, Sky has agreed to honour Otelo’s decisions.
The Group is a member of the Internet Watch Foundation, which provides a UK hotline for users to report potentially illegal content, specifically child abuse images hosted anywhere in the world or content hosted in the UK which is either criminally obscene or could incite racial hatred.
Irish law
Even though our channels are broadcast in the Republic of Ireland we do not hold any Irish broadcasting licences, as a result of the operation of the “country of origin” principal contained in the TWF (and AVMS) Directive.
A list of designated events in Ireland has been defined under the Irish Broadcasting (Major Events Television Coverage) Act 1999 (Designation of Major Events) Order 2003. The effect of these rules is that many leading sports events cannot be shown exclusively live on pay television in Ireland.
Betting and gambling
We carry out our betting and gambling activities through two Group companies, Hestview Limited (“Hestview”) and Bonne Terre Limited (“Bonne Terre”).
Hestview currently carries out its betting activities under a UK bookmakers permit issued in accordance with the Betting, Gaming and Lotteries Act 1963. From September 2007, the existing system for licensing betting activities will be replaced by a new licensing regime under the Gambling Act 2005. The new rules will be enforced by the Gambling Commission. Hestview has applied to the Gambling Commission for a remote betting licence.
Bonne Terre, a company registered in Alderney, carries out its gambling activities under a licence granted by the Alderney Gambling Control Commission under the terms of the Gambling Ordinance 2006 and is regulated by that body.
Competition (anti-trust) law
We are subject to the EC competition law regime and to the national competition law regimes in the countries in which we operate.
EC competition rules
Anti-competitive agreements
Article 81(1) of the EC Treaty prohibits agreements and concerted practices between undertakings which may affect trade between EU Member States and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the EU. An agreement may infringe Article 81(1) only if it is likely to have an appreciable effect on competition. Agreements which fall within the scope of Article 81(1) will not be prohibited where they meet the criteria set out in Article 81(3), that is, where they improve the production or distribution of goods or promote technical or economic progress, provided that consumers receive a fair share of the resulting benefit, competition is not substantially eliminated and the agreement does not contain unnecessary restrictions.
Abuse of a dominant position
Article 82 of the EC Treaty prohibits the abuse by one or more undertakings of a dominant position in the EU or a substantial part of it, insofar as the abuse may affect trade between EU Member States.
Enforcement of Articles 81 and 82
Articles 81 and 82 may be enforced by the European Commission, designated national competition authorities in each of the EU Member States and/or by the national courts in each of the EU Member States.
Infringement of Articles 81 or 82 may result in significant consequences including fines, voidness or unenforceability of infringing agreements, prohibition of infringing conduct, potential liability to third parties (notably for damages) and/or the potential for involved directors to be disqualified.
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Government regulation
continued
Investigation of Football Association Premier League agreements
The European Commission’s investigation into the FAPL’s joint selling of exclusive broadcast rights to football matches concluded with the European Commission’s adoption, in March 2006, of a decision making commitments offered by the FAPL legally enforceable. These commitments (a non-confidential version of which has been made available to third parties) are to remain in force until June 2013 and thus applied to the FAPL’s auction of media rights for the 2007/08 to 2009/10 seasons and will apply to subsequent auctions of rights. Among other things, commitments provide for the FAPL to sell a number of packages of media rights, showcasing the League as a whole throughout each season. They provide for live TV rights to be sold in six balanced packages, with no one bidder allowed to buy all six packages and packages being sold to the highest standalone bidder. The commitments also create more evenly balanced packages of rights and increase the availability of rights via the internet and via mobile phones.
The Group has been awarded four of the six packages of rights to show live coverage of FAPL football matches in the UK for the 2007/08 to 2009/10 seasons.
The decision is binding on the FAPL for the duration of the commitments, but does not bind national competition authorities or national courts. The Commission’s decision does not address competition issues which may arise from contracts for rights in relation to FAPL matches from the 2007/08 season onwards; any such issues could be assessed separately under the competition rules at either European or national level.
Mergers
The European Commission regulates mergers, full function joint ventures (i.e. ones which perform on a lasting basis all the functions of an autonomous economic entity) and the acquisition of holdings which confer decisive influence over an undertaking and which meet certain turnover thresholds specified in the EC Merger Regulation. Such transactions may not be carried out without prior approval of the European Commission. Where the European Commission has jurisdiction to review a transaction under the EC Merger Regulation, national authorities in the EU Member States do not normally have jurisdiction to apply their own competition laws to the same transaction. However, Member States may continue to apply their national laws to mergers, where such laws are directed at securing other public interest objectives (for example, the plurality of the media) and are compatible with EC law.
Sector inquiries
The European Commission also carries out sector inquiries into sectors of the economy where it considers that a market does not seem to be working as well as it should. Sector inquiries may lead the European Commission to open specific investigations under Article 81 or Article 82.
UK competition rules
Anti-competitive agreements
Section 2(1) of the Competition Act 1998 (the “Chapter I prohibition”) prohibits agreements or concerted practices which may affect trade within the UK and which have the object or effect of preventing, restricting or distorting competition within the UK. An agreement will only infringe the Chapter I prohibition if it is likely to have an appreciable effect on competition. Agreements which fall within the scope of the Chapter I prohibition will not be prohibited where they meet specific statutory criteria, that is, where they improve the production or distribution of goods or promote technical or economic progress, provided that consumers receive a fair share of the resulting benefit, competition is not substantially eliminated and the agreement does not contain unnecessary restrictions.
Abuse of a dominant position
Section 18(1) of the Competition Act 1998 (the “Chapter II prohibition”) prohibits the abuse by one or more undertakings of a dominant position in the UK or a substantial part of it, insofar as the abuse may affect trade within the UK.
Enforcement of the Chapter I and II prohibitions
The Chapter I and II prohibitions may be enforced by the OFT, one of the sector regulators (in the case of the communications sector, Ofcom) or the UK courts.
The Chapter I and II prohibitions must be interpreted in a manner that is consistent with Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty.
Infringement of the Chapter I or II prohibitions may result in significant consequences including fines, voidness or unenforceability of infringing agreements, prohibition of infringing conduct, potential liability to third parties (notably for damages) and/or the potential for involved directors to be disqualified.
Legal proceedings initiated by Virgin Media group
In April 2007, Virgin Media Communications Limited, Virgin Media Television Limited and Virgin Media Limited issued proceedings in the High Court in England and Wales against British Sky Broadcasting Group plc and British Sky Broadcasting Limited, alleging that the Group has infringed Article 82 EC and the Chapter II prohibition by pursuing an anti-competitive strategy designed to weaken Virgin Media group, which allegedly entailed (i) a constructive refusal to supply the Group’s basic pay television channels to Virgin Media group for supply via Virgin Media group’s cable network in the UK; (ii) a refusal to pay fair prices for the right to carry Virgin Media group’s television channels as part of the Group’s retail channel offering; and (iii) the Group’s purchase of a significant shareholding in ITV plc (which purchase, it is alleged, was designed principally to damage Virgin Media group’s ability to compete in the supply of pay television services, by preventing Virgin Media group from obtaining access to attractive programming content).
Virgin Media group seeks from the Court a declaration that the Group occupies a dominant market position in specified pay TV retail and purchasing markets in the UK and that the Group has, by its conduct as alleged, abused its dominant position(s) contrary to Article 82 EC and the Chapter II prohibition on these relevant markets. Virgin Media group also seeks mandatory injunctions requiring the Group to transact with Virgin Media group on fair and/or non-discriminatory terms for the supply of the Group’s basic pay television channels to Virgin Media and for the licensing of Virgin Media group’s television channels, for on-supply to the Group’s subscribers. Virgin Media group also seeks damages to compensate it for its alleged losses arising from the Group’s alleged conduct.
The Group intends to defend the proceedings vigorously and submitted its defence to the High Court on 2 July 2007 denying Virgin Media group’s allegations that it had infringed Article 82 EC or Chapter II prohibition. It is, at this stage, too early to estimate the likely outcome of the proceedings.
Mergers
The framework for the assessment of mergers under UK law is set out in Part 3 of the Enterprise Act. A relevant merger situation (i.e. a transaction which involves a change of control between previously distinct enterprises) qualifies for investigation by the OFT where it satisfies either a share of supply test or a turnover test. There is no requirement to notify mergers to the OFT nor to obtain prior regulatory clearance, although the OFT has the power to investigate mergers on its own initiative.
Where the OFT reasonably believes that a relevant merger situation has or may have been created, or may be created in future, and has resulted or may be expected to result in a substantial lessening of competition, it has a duty to refer the merger to the CC for further investigation. The OFT may accept remedies offered by the parties instead of making a reference to the CC.
If a reference is made, the CC will decide whether a relevant merger situation has arisen and, if so, whether the relevant merger situation would substantially lessen competition and, if so, will either prohibit the merger or impose appropriate remedies.
In relation to media mergers (i.e. mergers involving newspaper and/or broadcasting enterprises), the Secretary of State also has the power to intervene on the basis of specified public interest grounds including relating to media plurality. Where the Secretary of State issues an intervention notice, the OFT will investigate the competition/ jurisdictional issues and Ofcom will investigate the public interest issues relating to the merger. The Secretary of State will then decide whether to refer the transaction to the CC. The Secretary of State is required to follow the OFT’s findings on competition/ jurisdiction. In cases where a reference is made, the CC will investigate both the competition and relevant public interest aspects of the merger and will report its findings to the Secretary of State. Ofcom may also give further advice to the Secretary of State. The Secretary of State will then decide whether the merger operates, or may be expected to operate, against the public interest and, if so, will decide on appropriate remedies. The Secretary of State must accept the CC’s findings on competition/ jurisdiction, where relevant.
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Merger investigation of the Group’s acquisition of a shareholding in ITV plc
On 24 May 2007, the Secretary of State formally referred to the CC for investigation a possible relevant merger situation arising from the Group’s acquisition of a 17.9% shareholding in ITV plc. The CC is now required to examine the transaction and to decide whether a relevant merger situation has arisen; and, if so, whether that situation has resulted or may be expected to result in a substantial lessening of competition in any relevant market; whether certain media public interest considerations specified in the Secretary of State’s intervention notice are relevant to a consideration of the relevant merger situation; and, taking account only of any substantial lessening of competition and the media public interest consideration concerned, the creation of the relevant merger situation operates or may be expected to operate against the public interest. The Secretary of State’s intervention notice specified the relevant public interest consideration as being the need, in relation to every different audience in the UK or in a particular area or locality of the UK, for there to be a sufficient plurality of persons with control of the media enterprises serving that audience. If, at the end of its investigation, the CC reaches adverse conclusions, then that is likely to result in the imposition of remedies, which could require the Group to observe behavioural rules, or to divest part of its shareholding in ITV plc. The CC is presently expected to report to the Secretary of State by early November 2007.
Market investigations
Part 4 of the Enterprise Act makes provision for a system of market investigations by the CC. The OFT (or in relation to the communications sector, Ofcom) may make a market investigation reference to the CC where it has reasonable grounds for suspecting that any feature, or combination of features, of a market in the UK for goods or services prevents, restricts, or distorts competition in connection with the supply or acquisition of any goods or services in the UK or part of the UK. Instead of making a reference to the CC, the OFT or Ofcom may accept remedial undertakings from the companies concerned.
Where the OFT (or, in relation to the communications sector, Ofcom) makes a market investigation reference to the CC, the CC will conduct a detailed investigation. The CC may decide that remedial action is required if it finds that there is an adverse effect on competition in a market under investigation. Ultimately, the CC has extensive powers to impose remedial action, including requiring divestments, requiring the licensing of know-how or intellectual property, requiring firms to discontinue/adopt certain practices or restraining the way firms would otherwise behave (e.g. imposing price caps).
Ofcom market investigation of pay TV industry
On 20 March 2007, Ofcom announced that it will investigate the UK pay TV industry, following receipt and consideration of a submission from various industry participants (BT, Setanta, Top Up TV and Virgin Media). Following this investigation, which will include obtaining information from market participants, Ofcom will decide whether to make a market reference under the Enterprise Act 2002 (the “Enterprise Act”) to the CC, which would be on the basis that it has reasonable grounds for suspecting that any feature, or combination of features, of any market in the UK prevents, restricts or distorts competition in connection with the supply of pay TV services in the UK. Ofcom will also consider whether any concerns would be better addressed either using its sectoral powers under the Communications Act or its powers under the Competition Act. Ofcom has stated that its investigation will be concerned with features of the market, including control over content, ownership of distribution platforms, retail subscriber bases and vertical integration, and that, following its assessment of the market, it will decide whether to make a market investigation reference to the CC. The Group is presently co-operating with Ofcom’s investigation.
In addition, the National Consumer Council, which is a designated consumer body under the Enterprise Act, has indicated that it is considering making a “super-complaint” to Ofcom in relation to the provision of pay TV services in the UK. A “super-complaint” is a complaint that “any feature or combination of features of a market in the UK for goods or services is or appears to be significantly harming the interests of consumers”. If Ofcom decides to accept such a “super-complaint”, this can lead to a market study being made into the issues raised, a market investigation reference being made to the CC (of the type Ofcom itself has announced it is considering), or other enforcement action under its competition or consumer powers.
Irish competition rules
Our operations in Ireland are subject to the Irish competition law regime which regulates anti-competitive agreements, abuses of a dominant position and mergers.
Environmental regulation
We are subject to environmental regulations that require our compliance. Failure to meet the requirements of such regulations may lead to fines being incurred or damage to our brand image.
Recent regulations based on EU Directives, notably the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (“WEEE Directive”) and the Restriction on the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment Directive (“RoHS Directive”) necessitate the removal of stipulated hazardous substances from products placed on the market after mid 2005 within set timeframes and the recovery and recycling of electrical products to specified levels. Both Directives apply to our purchase and supply of set-top boxes and related equipment and require registrations to be completed by us, our suppliers and retailers.
Other changes in the categorisation, segregation, storage and removal of certain hazardous wastes require us to register sites that produce such wastes. Without registration, hazardous wastes are not able to be removed from site for disposal. Incorrect disposal may lead to regulatory action.
We track draft environmental directives and regulations to establish their applicability to the business and enable an appropriate response to be planned and implemented.
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Introduction
The following discussion and analysis is based on, and should be read in conjunction with, the consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, included within this Annual Report. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS, which differs in certain respects from US GAAP. Note 31 to our consolidated financial statements provides a description of the significant differences between IFRS and US GAAP as they relate to the Group, and provides a reconciliation from IFRS to US GAAP.
Overview and recent developments
During the year ended 30 June 2007 (“the current year”), total revenue increased by 10% to £4,551 million, compared to the year ended 30 June 2006 (“the prior year”). Operating profit for the current year was £815 million, resulting in an operating profit margin of 18%, compared to 21% in the prior year. Profit for the year was £499 million, generating basic earnings per share of 28.4 pence, compared to 30.2 pence in the prior year.
At 30 June 2007, the total number of DTH subscribers in the UK and Ireland was 8,582,000, representing a net increase of 406,000 subscribers in the current year. At 30 June 2007, the total number of Sky+ subscribers was 2,374,000, representing 28% of total subscribers. This represents growth in Sky+ subscribers of 821,000 in the current year. The number of Multiroom subscribers also continued to grow strongly, increasing by 296,000 in the current year to 1,343,000; 16% penetration of total DTH subscribers. The Group launched HD on 22 May 2006, and at 30 June 2007 the total number of Sky HD subscribers was 292,000. To date HD is our fastest selling additional television product.
DTH churn for the current year was 12.4% (2006: 11.1%) . We define DTH churn as the number of DTH subscribers over a given period that terminate their subscription in its entirety, net of former subscribers who reinstate their subscription in that period (where such reinstatement is within a twelve month period of the termination of their original subscription). The increase on the prior year reflected the decision made during the current year not to renew viewing package discounts and to improve price transparency.
Cable subscribers decreased to 1,259,000 compared to 3,898,000 in the prior year. This reflects both a further reduction in the number of cable television subscribers to Sky’s Premium Channels and the effect of Virgin Media, the cable retailer, ceasing to carry Sky’s basic channels on its platform, following the expiry of an agreement at the end of February 2007. During the current year we concluded wholesale distribution agreements with Tiscali and a number of regional cable operators.
On 17 July 2006, the Group launched a broadband service for its DTH subscribers. The total number of retail broadband subscribers at 30 June 2007 was 716,000. By the end of the current year, we had unbundled 1,150 telephone exchanges (representing 70% network coverage). The number of subscribers to our telephony package, Sky Talk, reached 526,000 by the end of the current year.
On 17 November 2006, we acquired 696 million shares in ITV plc, representing 17.9% of the issued share capital of ITV plc, at a price of 135 pence per share. The total consideration paid amounted to £946 million, and was funded from our existing cash balances and our previously undrawn revolving credit facility. This investment is currently being reviewed by Ofcom and the CC (for further details see the Government Regulation section).
On 23 January 2007, we announced that all the conditions of our offer for the entire issued share capital of 365 Media had been satisfied or waived, and accordingly the offer was declared unconditional in all respects. The total consideration paid amounted to £105 million, and was principally funded from our existing cash balances. The acquisition of 365 Media is intended to enhance our existing online strategy, by adding to our portfolio of online assets, increasing our exposure to high growth revenue streams and providing a broader platform to promote our gaming and betting activities as well as our other sports related offerings.
Corporate
The Board of Directors is proposing a final dividend of 8.9 pence per ordinary share, resulting in a total dividend for the year of 15.5 pence, representing growth of 27% over the prior year full year dividend. The ex-dividend date will be 24 October 2007 and, subject to shareholder approval at the Company’s Annual General Meeting, the dividend will be paid on 16 November 2007 to shareholders of record on 26 October 2007.
During the year, we repurchased and cancelled 38 million shares for a total consideration of £214 million, including stamp duty and commissions, which completed the authority granted on 4 November 2005. For further details see note 24 to the consolidated financial statements.
On 16 October 2006, we repaid the first bond we issued. The US$300 million bond carried a coupon of 7.3% and was issued in October 1996.
On 3 April 2007, the Group established a Euro Medium Term Note Programme (the “EMTN Programme”). The EMTN Programme provides the Group with a standardised documentation platform to allow for senior debt issuance in the Eurobond markets. The maximum potential issuance under the EMTN Programme is £1 billion.
On 14 May 2007, the Group issued Eurobonds consisting of £300 million Guaranteed Notes paying 6.000% interest and maturing on 14 May 2027. The Eurobonds were issued under the Group’s EMTN Programme. The net proceeds of the offering were used to repay existing drawings under the Group’s revolving credit facility, to refinance maturing bond debt and for general corporate purposes.
Operating results
Revenue
Our revenue is principally derived from retail subscription, wholesale subscription, advertising on our wholly-owned channels, the provision of interactive betting and gaming, and installation, hardware and servicing.
Our retail subscription revenue is a function of the number of DTH subscribers, the mix of services provided and the rates charged. Revenue from the provision of pay-per-view services, which include Sky Box Office, is included within retail subscription or wholesale subscription revenue, as appropriate. Retail subscription revenue also includes retail broadband subscription and Sky Talk revenue.
Our wholesale subscription revenue, which is revenue derived from the supply of Sky Channels to cable platforms, is a function of the number of subscribers on cable operators’ platforms, the mix of services taken by those subscribers and the rates charged to those cable operators. We are currently a leading supplier of premium pay television programming to cable operators in the UK and Ireland for re-transmission to cable subscribers, although cable operators do not carry all Sky Channels.
Our advertising revenue is mainly a function of the number of commercial impacts, defined as individuals watching one thirty-second commercial on our wholly owned channels, together with the quality of impacts delivered and overall advertising market conditions. Advertising revenue also includes net commissions earned by us from the sale of advertising on those third-party channels for which we act as sales agent.
Sky Bet revenue represents our income in the period for betting and gaming activities, defined as amounts staked by customers less betting payouts.
Installation, hardware and service revenue includes income from set-top box sales and installation (including the sale of HD, Sky+ and Multiroom set-top boxes, and broadband), service calls and warranties.
Other revenue principally includes income from online advertising, telephony income from the use of interactive services (e.g. voting and games), text services, conditional access and access control income from customers on the Sky digital platform, technical platform service revenue, electronic programme guide fees, the provision of business broadband, network services and customer management service fees.
Operating expense
Our operating expense arises from programming, transmission and related functions, marketing, subscriber management and administration costs.
Programming costs include payment for: (i) licences of television rights from certain US and European film licensors including the results of foreign exchange programme hedges; (ii) the rights to televise certain sporting events; (iii) other programming acquired from third party licensors; (iv) the production and commissioning of original programming; and (v) the rights to retail the Sky Distributed Channels to DTH subscribers. The methods used to amortise programming inventories are described in the “Critical Accounting Policies” section below.
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Under our pay television agreements with the US major movie studios, we generally pay a US dollar-denominated licence fee per movie calculated on a per movie subscriber basis, subject to minimum guarantees, which were exceeded some time ago. During the year, we managed our US dollar/pound sterling exchange risk primarily by the purchase of forward foreign exchange contracts and currency options (collars) for up to five years ahead (see note 22 to the consolidated financial statements). The Group offered multiplexed versions of our movie channels on the DTH platform and on digital cable which incurred no additional variable rights fees.
Under the DTH distribution agreements for the Sky Distributed Channels, we generally pay a monthly fee per subscriber for each channel, the fee in some cases being subject to periodic increases, or we pay a fixed fee or no such fee at all. A number of our distribution agreements are subject to minimum guarantees, which are linked to the proportion of the total number of subscribers receiving specific packages. Our costs for carriage of the Sky Distributed Channels will (where a monthly per subscriber fee is payable) continue to be dependent on changes in the subscriber base, contractual rates and/or the number of channels distributed.
Transmission and related functions costs are primarily dependent upon the number and annual cost of the satellite transponders that we use. Our transponder capacity is primarily acquired from the SES Astra and Eutelsat Eurobird satellites. Transmission and related functions costs also include the costs associated with transmission, uplink and telemetry facilities and the costs of operating the Group’s broadband network and Sky Talk product.
Marketing costs include: (i) above-the-line spend (which promotes our brand and range of products and services generally); (ii) below-the-line spend (which relates to the growth and maintenance of the subscriber base, including commissions payable to retailers and other agents for the sale of subscriptions and the costs of our own direct marketing to our existing and potential subscribers); and (iii) the cost of providing and installing digital satellite reception equipment to customers in excess of the relevant amount actually received from customers for such equipment and installation.
Subscriber management costs include customer management costs, supply chain costs and associated depreciation. Customer management costs are those associated with managing new and existing subscribers, including subscriber handling and subscriber bad debt costs. Supply chain costs relate to systems and infrastructure and the installation costs of satellite reception equipment and installation costs of new products purchased by subscribers such as HD, Sky+ and Multiroom set-top boxes, including smartcard costs. Customer management costs and supply chain costs are largely dependent on DTH subscriber levels and additions to subscribers in the year.
Administration costs include depreciation, channel management, facilities, other central operational overheads and the expense recognised for awards granted under our employee share option schemes.
For certain trend information related to our revenue and operating expense, see the “Trends and other information” section below.
Financial and operating review
2007 fiscal year compared to 2006 fiscal year
Revenue
The Group’s revenue can be analysed as follows:
| | 2007 | | | | | 2006 | | | |
| For the year to 30 June | £m | | | % | | £m | | % | |
| Retail subscription | 3,406 | | | 75 | | 3,157 | | 76 | |
| Wholesale subscription | 208 | | | 4 | | 224 | | 6 | |
| Advertising | 352 | | | 8 | | 342 | | 8 | |
| Sky Bet | 47 | | | 1 | | 37 | | 1 | |
| Installation, hardware and service | 212 | | | 5 | | 131 | | 3 | |
| Other | 326 | | | 7 | | 257 | | 6 | |
| | 4,551 | | | 100 | | 4,148 | | 100 | |
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To provide a more relevant presentation, management has chosen to re-analyse the revenue categories from those reported in the Annual Report for the year ended 30 June 2006. Other revenue now principally includes income from Easynet Enterprise, Sky Active and technical platform service revenue.
The increase of £249 million in retail subscription revenue in the current year was driven by a 5% increase in the average number of DTH subscribers and a 3% increase in average retail revenue per subscriber, reflecting the decision made during the current year not to renew viewing package discounts and increasing additional product penetration. Included within retail subscription revenue is £66 million of incremental retail broadband revenue and £4 million of Easynet Enterprise revenue.
The total number of UK and Ireland DTH subscribers increased by 406,000 in the current year, to 8,582,000. This was as a result of increasing gross subscriber additions from 1,275,000 to 1,446,000 in the current year, partly offset by DTH churn in the current year of 12.4% (2006: 11.1%) .
Wholesale subscription revenue decreased by £16 million in the current year. This reflects a further reduction in the number of cable television subscribers to Sky’s premium channels and Virgin Media ceasing to carry Sky’s basic channels on its platform, following the expiry (and non-renewal) of an agreement at the end of February 2007. At 30 June 2007, there were 1,259,000 (30 June 2006: 3,898,000) UK and Ireland cable subscribers to Sky channels.
Advertising revenue increased by £10 million in the current year, despite continued contraction of the television advertising sector and the expiry of the contract to supply Sky’s basic channels to Virgin Media at the end of February 2007. Our performance was driven by a higher share of commercial viewing for those channels on which we sell advertising, up from 13% for the year ended 30 June 2006 to 14% for the year ended 30 June 2007.
Sky Bet revenue increased by £10 million in the current year as a result of strong growth in internet sports betting and television games. This increase reflected the inclusion of an additional £4 million of revenue generated by 365 Media (which was acquired in January 2007).
Installation, hardware and service revenue increased by £81 million in the current year due to increased gross customer additions and customer upgrades, and a higher volume of premium-priced hardware sales, including HD PVRs. Included within installation, hardware and service revenue is £7 million of incremental retail broadband revenue.
Other revenue of £326 million increased by £69 million in the current year. This increase reflected the inclusion of an additional £76 million of revenue generated by the Easynet Enterprise business (which was acquired in January 2006), growth in website revenues (including a contribution from 365 Media), partly offset by lower Sky Active revenue. Included within other revenue is £1 million of incremental retail broadband revenue.
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Financial and operating review
continued
Operating expense
The Group’s operating expense can be analysed as follows:
| | 2007 | | | | 2006 | | | |
| For the year to 30 June | £m | | % | | £m | | % | |
| Programming | 1,539 | | 41 | | 1,599 | | 49 | |
| Transmission and related | | | | | | | | |
| functions | 402 | | 11 | | 234 | | 7 | |
| Marketing | 734 | | 20 | | 622 | | 19 | |
| Subscriber management | 618 | | 16 | | 468 | | 14 | |
| Administration | 443 | | 12 | | 348 | | 11 | |
| | 3,736 | | 100 | | 3,271 | | 100 | |
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Within programming expense, Sky Sports channels’ programming costs increased by 10% to £842 million in the current year. This was a result of an increased level of live coverage, the occurence of the biennial Ryder Cup and the Cricket World Cup in the current year and a wider coverage of county and international cricket following the addition of the new England Cricket Board contract. Sky Movies channels’ programming costs decreased by 8% to £285 million in the current year reflecting savings generated from contract renewals and a £10 million foreign exchange benefit resulting from a more favourable average exchange rate at which US dollars were purchased. News and entertainment programming costs decreased by 8% to £184 million in the current year, primarily due to a play out of older stock in the prior year.
Included within programming expense for the current year are third party channel costs, which include our costs in relation to the distribution agreements for the Sky Distributed Channels. Third party channel costs decreased by 29% to £228 million in the current year. The cost increase resulting from the 5% increase in the average number of DTH subscribers was more than offset by savings generated from the renewal of some of our channel distribution contracts on improved terms during the current period.
Included within third party channel costs for the current year is a £65 million credit received by the Group, arising from certain contractual rights under one of the Group’s channel distribution agreements. This item was previously disclosed as a contingent asset in the 2006 financial statements.
Transmission and related function costs increased by £168 million in the current year, of which £101 million related to incremental retail broadband network costs and £60 million related to the consolidation of a full year of Easynet Enterprise costs (Easynet was acquired in January 2006).
Marketing costs increased by £112 million in the current year. This increase was driven by additional above the line spend following the launch of HD and the “See, Speak, Surf” campaign; an increased number of gross subscriber additions during the period and an increased number of existing customers taking product upgrades, partly offset by some supply chain savings and sales of premium priced HD set-top boxes. We also increased our expenditure on retention and other marketing, predominantly due to further investment in our customer segmentation database and an increase in online marketing costs. Included within the increase for the current year are incremental retail broadband costs of £49 million and £2 million of Easynet Enterprise costs.
Subscriber management costs increased by £150 million in the current year. This increase reflects higher hardware, installation and service costs, a direct result of increased gross additions, expenditure on customer services operations, and depreciation relating to the implementation of new CRM systems. Also included within the increase in subscriber management expenses for the current year are incremental retail broadband costs of £60 million and £8 million of Easynet Enterprise costs.
Administration costs increased by £95 million in the current year, of which £16 million related to incremental retail broadband expenses, £22 million related to Easynet Enterprise costs, and £15 million related to higher depreciation charges from information systems investment.
Included within administration expense for the year ended 30 June 2007 is £16 million of expense relating to the legal costs incurred to date on the Group’s claim against EDS (an information and technology solutions provider), which provided services to the Group as part of the Group’s investment in customer management systems software and infrastructure.
Operating profit and operating margin
Operating profit decreased by 7% to £815 million in the current year. This decrease was driven by the increase in operating expense described above, partly offset by the increase in retail subscription and other revenue. As a result, operating margin (calculated as total revenue less all operating expense as a percentage of total revenue) for the current year was 18%, compared to 21% in the prior year.
Joint ventures and associates
Joint ventures are entities in which we hold a long-term interest and share control under a contractual arrangement with other parties. Our equity share of the net operating results from joint ventures and associates of £12 million was in line with the prior year.
Investment income and finance costs
Investment income decreased by 12% to £46 million in the current year. The decrease was primarily due to lower levels of cash on deposit, subsequent to the investment in ITV plc, offset by a £13 million dividend receivable from our investment in ITV plc.
Finance costs increased by 4% to £149 million in the current year. This increase was primarily as a result of an increase in the Group’s total borrowings, following the issue of Guaranteed Notes in May 2007, and interest payments on the Group’s revolving credit facility which was drawn down in November 2006. These increases were partly offset by a £6 million favourable movement on the remeasurement of the value of derivative financial instruments not qualifying for hedge accounting.
Taxation
The total tax charge for the current year of £225 million (2006: £247 million) comprises a current tax charge of £189 million (2006: £141 million) and a deferred tax charge of £36 million (2006: £106 million). The deferred tax charge decreased by £70 million principally as a result of a net reduction in the unwind of the deferred tax asset in relation to accelerated capital allowances. This resulted in an effective tax rate for the current year of 31%, in line with the prior year.
Profit for the year and earnings per share
Profit for the year was £499 million compared with £551 million in the prior year, mainly as a result of a decrease in operating profit of £62 million and an increase in finance costs of £6 million, partially offset by a decrease in taxation of £22 million.
The Group’s earnings per share are as follows:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | pence | | pence | |
| Earnings per share from profit for the year | | | | |
| Basic | 28.4p | | 30.2p | |
| Diluted | 28.2p | | 30.1p | |
| Adjusted earnings per share from profit for the year | | | | |
| Basic | 26.3p | | 30.7p | |
| Diluted | 26.1p | | 30.6p | |
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In order to provide a measure of underlying performance, management have chosen to present an adjusted profit for the year which excludes items that may distort comparability. See note 9 of the consolidated financial statements for a detailed reconciliation between profit for the year and adjusted profit for the year.
Earnings per share of 28.4 pence were 1.8 pence lower than in the prior year. Earnings per share decreased as a result of a lower profit for the year, partly offset by the effect of our share buy-back programmes. During the current year, a total of 38 million shares were repurchased for cancellation, and during the prior year 76 million shares were repurchased.
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Balance sheet
Goodwill increased by £104 million, primarily due to the completion of the 365 Media acquisition during the year.
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets increased by £194 million, due to £361 million of additions in the year and £25 million of additions from business combinations, partly offset by depreciation and amortisation of £192 million.
Available-for-sale investments increased by £795 million, primarily due to the acquisition of shares in ITV plc on 17 November 2006. This investment has been revalued to its current market value as at 30 June 2007. The movement has been recognised in the available-for-sale reserve.
Current assets decreased by £920 million, predominantly due to a £1,013 million reduction in our cash and short-term deposit balances following the acquisition of shares in ITV plc, the completion of our share buy-back programme and the repayment of our US$300 million Guaranteed Notes in October 2006. This decrease in current assets was partly offset by a £60 million increase in inventories due to timing of invoicing and payments for the FAPL agreement.
Current liabilities decreased by £48 million, due to the repayment of our US$300 million Guaranteed Notes in October 2006, which was included within current liabilities at June 2006, offset by an increase in trade and other payables of £48 million mainly due to the timing of invoicing and payments for the FAPL agreement, and an increase in our current tax liability of £62 million.
Non-current borrowings increased by £189 million, primarily due to the issuance of £300 million aggregate principal amount of Eurobonds on 14 May 2007, partly offset by the weakening of the US dollar during the year reducing the carrying value of our US dollar denominated borrowings.
Foreign exchange
For details of the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on our financial position and performance, see note 22 to the consolidated financial statements.
Contingent assets and liabilities
The Group has served a claim for a material amount against EDS (an information and technology solutions provider), which provided services to the Group as part of the Group’s investment in customer management systems software and infrastructure. The amount which may be recovered by the Group will not be finally determined until resolution of the claim.
In April 2007, Virgin Media Communications Limited, Virgin Media Television Limited and Virgin Media Limited issued proceedings in the High Court in England and Wales against British Sky Broadcasting Group plc and British Sky Broadcasting Limited, alleging that the Group has infringed Article 82 EC and the Chapter II prohibition by pursuing an anticompetitive strategy designed to weaken Virgin Media group, which allegedly entailed (i) a constructive refusal to supply the Group’s basic pay television channels to Virgin Media group for supply via Virgin Media group’s cable network in the UK; (ii) a refusal to pay fair prices for the right to carry Virgin Media group’s television channels as part of the Group’s retail channel offering; and (iii) the Group’s purchase of a significant shareholding in ITV plc (which purchase was, it is alleged, designed principally to damage Virgin Media group’s ability to compete in the supply of pay television services, by preventing Virgin Media group from obtaining access to attractive programming content). Virgin Media group seeks from the Court a declaration that the Group occupies a dominant market position in specified pay TV retail and purchasing markets in the UK and that the Group has, by its conduct as alleged, abused its dominant position(s) contrary to Article 82 EC and the Chapter II prohibition on these relevant markets. Virgin Media group also seeks mandatory injunctions requiring the Group to transact with Virgin Media group on fair and/or non-discriminatory terms for the supply of the Group’s basic pay television channels to Virgin Media and for the licensing of Virgin Media group’s television channels, for on-supply to the Group’s subscribers. Virgin Media group also seeks damages to compensate it for its alleged losses arising from the Group’s alleged conduct.
The Group intends to defend the proceedings vigorously and submitted its defence to the High Court on 2 July 2007 denying Virgin Media group’s allegations that it had infringed Article 82 EC or Chapter II prohibition. It is, at this stage, too early to estimate the likely outcome of the proceedings.
Liquidity and capital resources
An analysis of the movement in our net debt (including related fees) is as follows:
| | As at 1 July | | Cash | | Non-cash | | As at 30 June | |
| | 2006 | | movements | | movements | | 2007 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Current borrowings | 163 | | (163 | ) | 16 | | 16 | |
| Non-current borrowings | 1,825 | | 293 | | (104 | ) | 2,014 | |
| Debt | 1,988 | | 130 | | (88 | ) | 2,030 | |
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| Borrowings-related derivative | | | | | | | | |
| financial instruments | 236 | | (27 | ) | 49 | | 258 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | (816 | ) | 381 | | – | | (435 | ) |
| Short-term deposits | (647 | ) | 632 | | – | | (15 | ) |
| Net debt | 761 | | 1,116 | | (39 | ) | 1,838 | |
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Our long-term funding comes primarily from our issued equity and US dollar and sterling-denominated public debt raised in 1999, 2005 and 2007. As at 30 June 2007, the Group’s net debt was £1,838 million. The public bond debt issued in 1999 is repayable in 2009, and we currently believe that our financial position will enable us to meet the repayment requirements. The public bond debt issued in 2005 (which is repayable in 2015, 2017 and 2035) and the public bond debt issued in 2007 (which is repayable in 2027) has been, and will continue to be, used for general corporate purposes, including the refinancing of maturing debt and extending the maturity profile of our debt. In addition, we may use proceeds of the offerings for acquisitions of businesses and assets in support of our Group strategy. On 16 October 2006, the Group repaid the US$300 million aggregate principal amount of Guaranteed Notes paying 7.300%, which was issued in October 1996 for £189 million. For details of the Group’s facilities and long-term funding see note 21 of the consolidated financial statements. For details of the Group’s treasury activities see note 22 of the consolidated financial statements.
Our principal source of liquidity is cash generated from operations combined with access to the £1 billion RCF, which we entered into in November 2004. At 30 June 2007, this facility was undrawn (30 June 2006: undrawn). Furthermore, on 3 April 2007, the Group established an EMTN Programme. The EMTN Programme provides the Group with a standardised documentation platform to allow for senior debt issuance in the Eurobond markets (the Group used the EMTN Programme to issue £300 million Guaranteed Notes during the year). The maximum potential issuance under the EMTN Programme is £1 billion.
The Group refers to net debt in discussing its indebtedness and liquidity position. Net debt is a non-GAAP measure that management uses to provide an assessment of the overall indebtedness of the Group. The most similar IFRS GAAP measures are current and non-current borrowings.
Management uses net debt to calculate and track adherence to the Group’s borrowing covenants as disclosed in note 21 “Borrowings and non-current other payables”. In addition, management monitors the Group’s net debt position because net debt is a commonly used measure in the investment analyst community and net debt is a key metric used by Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s in their assessment of the Group’s credit rating. As such, management makes decisions about the appropriate investing and borrowing activities of the Group by reference to, amongst other things, net debt.
Cash flows
During the current year, cash generated from operations was £1,007 million, compared with an inflow of £1,004 million in the prior year. The decrease in operating profit of £62 million was more than offset by working capital savings and higher depreciation and amortisation expense. Net cash generated from operating activities was further impacted by an increase in interest received and a reduction in taxation paid.
During the current year, payments for property, plant and equipment and intangible assets were £356 million, compared with £212 million in the prior year, following further progress on a number of capital expenditure and infrastructure projects. A total of £160 million has been invested in the broadband network, and £30 million was
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Financial and operating review
continued
invested to progress the Group’s property and infrastructure projects. We invested £12 million to upgrade our production and broadcast facilities in relation to our high definition services. We also made payments totalling £15 million in the year to a third party for development of encryption technology, which have been capitalised as an intangible asset. The remaining £139 million was spent on a number of projects including the development of new products and services.
Purchases of available-for-sale investments of £947 million in the current year principally comprised the acquisition of shares in ITV plc on 17 November 2006 for total consideration of £946 million. Payments for the purchase of subsidiaries amounting to £104 million in the current year were primarily due to the acquisition of 365 Media. In the prior year, purchases of subsidiaries of £209 million primarily comprised the purchase of Easynet Group plc.
On 14 May 2007, the Group issued Guaranteed Notes consisting of £300 million aggregate principal amount of notes paying 6.000% interest, resulting in a net cash inflow of £295 million. In the prior year, the Group issued Guaranteed Notes consisting of US$750 million aggregate principal amount of notes paying 5.625% interest, US$350 million aggregate principal amount of notes paying 6.500% interest and £400 million aggregate principal amount of notes paying 5.750% interest, resulting in a cash inflow of £1,014 million. On 16 October 2006, the Group repaid US$300 million of 7.300% Guaranteed Notes, resulting in a cash outflow of £189 million, net of related derivative financial instruments.
On 4 November 2005, the Company’s shareholders approved a resolution at the Annual General Meeting for the Company to purchase up to 92 million Ordinary Shares of the Company. During the current year, the Company purchased, and subsequently cancelled, 38 million Ordinary Shares at an average price of £5.55 per share, for a consideration of £214 million. This represents 2% of called-up share capital at the beginning of the current year. The buy-back authority which authorised the Company’s share repurchase was not renewed at the Company’s Annual General Meeting held on 3 November 2006.
During the current year, interest payments were £154 million, compared to £105 million in the prior year. This increase in payments reflects the increased level of indebtedness following the issue of new Guaranteed Notes in October 2005 and the investment in ITV plc.
During the current year, equity dividend payments were £233 million, compared to £191 million in the prior year. We expect that future payments will increase in line with the Board’s expected dividend policy described in the “Trends and other information” section below.
The above cash flows, in addition to other net movements of £33 million, and non-cash movements of £39 million resulted in an increase in net debt of £1,077 million to £1,838 million.
2006 fiscal year compared to 2005 fiscal year
Revenue
The Group’s revenue can be analysed as follows:
| | 2006 | | | | 2005 | | | |
| For the year to 30 June | £m | | % | | £m | | % | |
| Retail subscription | 3,157 | | 76 | | 2,974 | | 77 | |
| Wholesale subscription | 224 | | 6 | | 219 | | 6 | |
| Advertising | 342 | | 8 | | 329 | | 9 | |
| Sky Bet | 37 | | 1 | | 32 | | 1 | |
| Installation, hardware and service | 131 | | 3 | | 128 | | 3 | |
| Other | 257 | | 6 | | 160 | | 4 | |
| | 4,148 | | 100 | | 3,842 | | 100 | |
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To provide a more relevant presentation, management has chosen to re-analyse the revenue categories from those reported in the Annual Report for the year ended 30 June 2006. Other revenue now principally includes income from Easynet Enterprise, Sky Active and technical platform service revenue.
Retail subscription revenue increased by £183 million in the 2006 fiscal year mainly due to a 5% increase in the average number of DTH subscribers and an increase in average DTH revenue per subscriber to £375 in the 2006 fiscal year from £374 in the 2005 fiscal year.
The total number of UK and Ireland DTH subscribers increased by 389,000 in the 2006 fiscal year to 8,176,000. This was a result of an increase in gross subscriber additions by 50,000 to 1,275,000 during 2006, partly offset by DTH churn for 2006 of 11.1% (2005: 10.3%) . The increase in average DTH revenue per subscriber reflected the change in our UK retail prices in September 2005.
Wholesale subscription revenue increased by £5 million compared to the 2005 fiscal year, mainly due to the increase in wholesale prices in September 2005, which was partly offset by the decline in the absolute number of pay-TV cable customers taking one or more Premium Channels. At 30 June 2006, there were 3,898,000 (2005: 3,872,000) UK and Ireland cable subscribers to our programming.
The increase in advertising revenue of £13 million reflects a further one percentage point increase in Sky’s share of the UK television advertising sector during the 2006 fiscal year to 13.0% .
Sky Bet revenue increased by £5 million compared to the 2005 fiscal year as a result of strong growth in stakes placed by customers.
Installation, hardware and service revenue of £131 million was in line with the previous year. Growth in interactive advertising and enhanced TV service revenue were more than offset by the absence of SkyBuy revenue, following the closure of the business in the final quarter of the 2005 fiscal year.
Other revenue increased by £97 million compared to the 2005 fiscal year. This increase was as a result of the inclusion of £76 million of revenue generated by the corporate business of Easynet (which was acquired during the 2006 fiscal year), the first full year effect of Sky credit card revenue and the Sky News channel five contract.
Operating expense
The Group’s operating expense can be analysed as follows:
| | 2006 | | | | 2005 | | | |
| For the year to 30 June | £m | | % | | £m | | % | |
| Programming | 1,599 | | 49 | | 1,635 | | 54 | |
| Transmission and related | | | | | | | | |
| functions | 234 | | 7 | | 171 | | 6 | |
| Marketing | 622 | | 19 | | 527 | | 17 | |
| Subscriber management | 468 | | 14 | | 392 | | 13 | |
| Administration | 348 | | 11 | | 295 | | 10 | |
| | 3,271 | | 100 | | 3,020 | | 100 | |
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Sky Sports channels’ programming costs increased by 2% to £766 million in the 2006 fiscal year from £750 million in the 2005 fiscal year due to an increased level of live coverage and a wider sports offering following the addition of the new ECB cricket contract and an additional cricket tour during the 2006 fiscal year. The associated increase in costs was partially offset by the absence of the Ryder Cup, a biennial event, in the 2006 fiscal year. Sky Movies channels’ programming costs decreased by 10% to £310 million in the 2006 fiscal year from £343 million in the 2005 fiscal year, reflecting savings generated from contract renewals, the relative timing of licence period start dates for our portfolio of movies which has a consequent effect on the amount of amortisation recognised between years, and a foreign exchange benefit of £8 million from a more favourable average exchange rate at which US dollars were purchased. News and entertainment programming costs increased by 11% to £200 million in the 2006 fiscal year from £180 million in the 2005 fiscal year due to an increase in expenditure on commissioned programming for Sky One and increased investment in Sky News.
Third party channel costs decreased by 11% to £323 million in the 2006 fiscal year from £362 million in the 2005 fiscal year. This reflected a 15% reduction in the cost per subscriber, partly offset by a 5% increase in the average number of DTH subscribers. This saving was generated by the renewal of a number of our contracts on improved terms during the 2006 fiscal year.
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Transmission and related costs increased by £63 million, as a result of the consolidation of Easynet network costs since acquisition in January 2006 and broadband costs.
Marketing costs increased by £95 million compared to the 2005 fiscal year. Marketing costs to new customers grew by £51 million to £359 million reflecting an increased number of gross additions during the 2006 fiscal year and a higher proportion of new customers taking new products. During the 2006 fiscal year, 18% of new customers chose to take Sky+ from day one, compared to 13% in the 2005 fiscal year. Above the line marketing costs for the 2006 fiscal year remained broadly flat at £75 million and retention and other marketing costs increased by £18 million on the 2005 fiscal year to £110 million.
Subscriber management costs increased by £76 million. This reflected the first time consolidation of Easynet and broadband expenses of £12 million, depreciation of the new customer management systems of £26 million and growth of £38 million due to the expansion of the Group’s customer management operation to further improve customer service levels and manage the increase in sales activity. During the 2006 fiscal year, Sky expanded its existing customer service operations in Scotland, adding 1,500 new customer advisor positions and 600 new home installation engineers in preparation for the roll-out of broadband and providing the Group with one of the largest customer service and home installation workforces in the UK.
Administration costs increased by £53 million compared to the 2005 fiscal year. This was a result of the consolidation of £29 million of Easynet and broadband administration expenses and a higher depreciation charge of £16 million resulting from the infrastructure investment programme, which commenced in August 2004.
The 2005 fiscal year administration expense was offset by a £13 million receipt following the settlement of ITV Digital programming receivables.
Operating profit and operating margin
Operating profit increased by 7% to £877 million in the 2006 fiscal year from £822 million in the 2005 fiscal year. This increase was driven by the increase in DTH subscribers, advertising and other revenue, as detailed above, partly offset by the increase in operating expense as detailed above.
Operating margin (calculated as total revenue less all operating expense as a percentage of total revenue) for the 2006 fiscal year was 21%, in line with the 2005 fiscal year.
Joint ventures and associates
Our share of the net operating results from joint ventures and associates decreased from a £14 million net profit in the 2005 fiscal year to a £12 million net profit in the 2006 fiscal year due to the disposal of the Group’s holding in Granada Sky Broadcasting (“GSB”) during the 2005 fiscal year, the disposal of the Group’s holding in Music Choice Europe during the 2006 fiscal year, and lower profits from the History Channel, partly offset by improved profits from National Geographic and Attheraces.
Investment income and finance costs
Investment income increased by 79% to £52 million in the 2006 fiscal year from £29 million in the 2005 fiscal year. This increase was primarily due to higher levels of cash on deposit, subsequent to the issue of Guaranteed Notes in October 2005.
Finance costs increased by 64% to £143 million in the 2006 fiscal year from £87 million in the 2005 fiscal year. This increase was primarily a result of the increase in our total borrowings, which increased from £982 million at 30 June 2005 to £1,988 million at 30 June 2006, following the issue of Guaranteed Notes in October 2005. The higher charge also reflected an £18 million non-cash movement in the marked-to-market valuation of non-hedge accounted derivatives and the net impact on interest following the acquisition of Easynet.
Profit on disposal of joint venture
On 1 November 2004, we sold our 49.5% investment in GSB to ITV plc for £14 million cash consideration. After deducting the carrying value of the investment in GSB, the disposal generated a profit of £9 million.
Taxation
The total tax charge for the 2006 fiscal year of £247 million comprised a current tax charge of £141 million and a deferred tax charge of £106 million. The mainstream corporation tax liability for that period was £147 million and in accordance with the quarterly payment regime, £95 million was paid during the 2006 fiscal year in respect of this liability.
As a result of the acquisition of Easynet, the Group recognised a deferred tax asset of £83 million during the 2006 fiscal year, representing timing differences on fixed assets. The current tax charge in 2006 benefited from a partial unwind of this asset by £59 million, reducing the cash tax liability due in respect of the 2006 fiscal year profits accordingly. The balance is expected to unwind in future periods.
Profit for the year and earnings per share
Profit for the 2006 fiscal year was £551 million compared with £578 million in the 2005 fiscal year, mainly as a result of an increase in finance costs of £56 million, an increase in taxation of £38 million as a result of increased profitability, and a profit on disposal of a joint venture in the 2005 fiscal year of £9 million, offset by an increase in operating profit of £55 million and an increase in investment income of £23 million.
Basic earnings per share were 30.2 pence in the 2006 fiscal year, in line with the 2005 fiscal year. The decrease in profit for the 2005 fiscal year was offset by the effect of our share buy-back programmes. During the 2005 fiscal year, a total of 74.3 million shares were repurchased for cancellation, and during the 2006 fiscal year 76.4 million shares were repurchased for cancellation.
Adjusted basic earnings per share were 30.7 pence in the 2006 fiscal year, a 9% increase compared to the 2005 fiscal year. For a reconciliation from earnings per share to adjusted earnings per share, see note 9 to the consolidated financial statements.
Major non-cash transactions
Corporate reorganisation
On 13 April 2005, the High Court approved a reduction in the share capital of BSkyB Investments Limited, a 100% owned subsidiary. This formed part of a corporate reorganisation, allowing the Company access to significant additional distributable reserves.
Tabular disclosure of contractual obligations
A summary of our contractual obligations and commercial commitments due by period at 30 June 2007 is shown below:
| | | | | Less than | | Between | | Between | | More than | |
| | Total | | | 1 year | | 1-3 years | | 3-5 years | | 5 years | |
| | £m | | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Obligation or commitment | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Purchase obligations | | | | | | | | | | | |
| – Programme rights(1) | 2,638 | | | 919 | | 1,581 | | 121 | | 17 | |
| – Set-top boxes | 187 | | | 181 | | 6 | | – | | – | |
| – Third party payments(2) | 118 | | | 35 | | 68 | | 14 | | 1 | |
| – Transponder capacity(3) | 331 | | | 64 | | 93 | | 62 | | 112 | |
| – Capital expenditure | 20 | | | 20 | | – | | – | | – | |
| – Other | 58 | | | 41 | | 17 | | – | | – | |
| Borrowings(4) | 1,987 | | | 16 | | 723 | | – | | 1,248 | |
| Interest costs | 1,436 | | | 155 | | 233 | | 170 | | 878 | |
| Operating leases(5) | 206 | | | 32 | | 54 | | 41 | | 79 | |
| Finance leases(6) | 66 | | | 1 | | 1 | | 2 | | 62 | |
| | 7,047 | | | 1,464 | | 2,776 | | 410 | | 2,397 | |
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For the avoidance of doubt, this table does not include obligations or commitments relating to employee costs.
(1) | At 30 June 2007, the Group had minimum television programming rights commitments of £2,638 million (2006: £3,260 million), of which £527 million (2006: £667 million) related to commitments payable in US dollars for periods of up to six years (2006: six years). |
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Financial and operating review
continued
| Assuming that movie subscriber numbers remain unchanged from current levels, an additional £284 million (US$569 million) of commitments (2006: £363 million (US$671 million)) would also be payable in US dollars, relating to price escalator clauses. The pound sterling television programme rights commitments include similar price escalation clauses that would result in additional commitments of £10 million (2006: £2 million) if subscriber numbers were to remain at current levels. |
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(2) | The third party payment commitments are in respect of distribution agreements for the Sky Distributed Channels and are for periods of up to seven years (2006: five years). The extent of the commitment is largely dependent upon the number of DTH subscribers to the relevant Sky Distributed Channels, and in certain cases, upon inflationary increases. If both the DTH subscriber levels to these channels and the rate payable for each Sky Distributed Channel were to remain at current levels subject to inflationary increases, the additional commitment would be £968 million (2006: £491 million). |
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(3) | Transponder capacity commitments are in respect of the Astra and Eurobird satellites that the Group uses for digital transmissions to both DTH subscribers and cable operators. The commitments are for periods of up to thirteen years (2006: fourteen years). Three additional transponder agreements were entered into in the year ended 30 June 2006 to provide capacity to facilitate the launch of the Group’s HD services. |
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(4) | Further information concerning borrowings is given in note 21 of the consolidated financial statements. |
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(5) | At 30 June 2007, our operating lease obligations totalled £206 million (2006: £144 million), the majority of which related to property leases. |
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(6) | At 30 June 2007, our obligations under finance leases were £66 million (2006: £67 million). This primarily represents financing arrangements in connection with the customer management centre in Dunfermline, Scotland (which expires in September 2020) and the broadband network infrastructure (which expires in March 2040). For further details see note 21 of the consolidated financial statements. |
Trends and other information
The significant trends which have a material effect on our financial performance are outlined below.
The number of DTH homes increased by 406,000 in the current year to 8,582,000, compared to growth of 389,000 in the prior year. We expect growth in subscriber numbers to continue as a result of the implementation of our current marketing strategy, with the aim of achieving our target of 10 million DTH subscribers in 2010. Sky+ and Multiroom subscribers both increased substantially in the current year – by 53% and 28% respectively – representing a penetration of total DTH subscribers of 28% and 16% respectively. We reached our target of 25% Sky+ penetration in the third quarter of fiscal 2007, three years early. We expect Multiroom subscriber growth to continue, consistent with achieving our target of 30% Multiroom penetration of DTH subscribers in 2010. On 22 May 2006, we launched our HD service, and at 30 June 2007, there were 292,000 subscribers (2006: 38,000). DTH churn for the current year was 12.4%, compared to 11.1% in the prior year, reflecting the decision made during the period to reduce viewing package discounts and improve price transparency. Over the medium term we expect a reduction in our churn. We launched our retail broadband service on 18 July 2006, and at 30 June 2007 there were 716,000 broadband subscribers. We expect there to be substantial growth in the number of retail broadband connections activated in future years. The number of Sky Talk subscribers increased by 342,000 in the current year to 526,000. We expect growth in Sky Talk subscribers to continue. Price increases, the increased number of subscribers to our Multiroom and HD products and the launch of new services are expected to generate increased retail revenue on a per subscriber basis.
The operating margin for the current year was 18%, down from 21% in the prior year. In the shorter term, we expect our operating margin will decline, primarily due to the continued development, investment in and launch of our retail broadband services.
During the current year, the number of cable homes receiving Sky Channels in the UK and Ireland decreased by 2,639,000 to 1,259,000 following an increase of 26,000 in the prior year. Following the expiry of an agreement at the end of February 2007, Sky’s Basic Channels ceased to be carried on Virgin Media’s platform. We estimate operating profit will be adversely affected by around £15 million should our Basic Channels remain off Virgin Media’s platform tor the entirety of the first quarter of fiscal 2008. We currently expect cable subscriber numbers to remain stable in the foreseeable future, although this is dependent on the strategies of the relevant cable companies, as they relate to the distribution of our channels (for further details see “Review of the business – Risk factors”).
Advertising revenue increased by 3% in the current year. If Sky’s basic channels remain off Virgin Media’s platform, we expect that our share of UK television advertising revenue will decline. Over the medium term we expect our overall advertising revenue to grow, despite a challenging TV advertising sector, primarily as a result of increasing commercial impacts for those channels for which we sell airtime.
Sky Bet revenue increased by 27% in the current year. We expect Sky Bet revenue to continue to grow, driven by customer acquisitions to the Sky platform and recently acquired 365 Media content websites, an improved on-line gaming proposition, and continued strong growth of Sky Poker which launched in February 2007. As a result of the Gambling Act of 2005, regulation in the UK passes to the Gambling Commission from 1 September 2007. From this date, Sky Bet will operate an on-shore sportsbook, regulated by the Gambling Commission, and will operate gaming products off-shore, regulated by the Alderney Gambling Control Commission. Sky Bet continues to operate measures to prevent US residents using our services.
Programming costs were in line with the prior year. Included within programming costs for the current year is a £65 million receipt, arising from certain contractual rights under one of the Group’s channel distribution agreements. Following our successful bid for four of the six available packages (each of 23 games) of exclusive live UK television rights to FAPL football from the beginning of the 2007/08 season to the end of the 2009/10 season and because of anticipated intensifying competition for programming, our expenditure on programming costs will increase in the future. We will continue to seek to reduce the per subscriber cost in relation to the Sky Distributed Channels, as and when the contracts for these are renewed. However, we do expect minor fluctuations depending upon the timing of individual programming agreements and the consequential delivery and availability of programming to the Group.
Transmission and related functions costs increased during the current year, and are expected to continue to increase in future years at a higher rate than the growth in subscribers, resulting in an increased cost per subscriber, reflecting the costs of operating our Sky Talk service, the launch of retail broadband services and increased depreciation charges.
Marketing costs increased in the current and prior years. We expect marketing costs to increase in the shorter term, principally due to costs associated with the promotion of our retail broadband service.
Subscriber management costs increased during the current year at a higher rate than in the prior year. We expect that subscriber management costs will increase at a higher rate over the next few years due to a greater proportion of Sky+ and HD customers, whose installations carry higher hardware costs than the standard installations, and increased costs associated with the launch of retail broadband services, partly offset by a reduction in the cost of set-top boxes. We are also investing in increasing the capacity of our contact centres, which is expected to result in an associated increase in the cost of subscriber management.
Administration costs increased in the current and prior years, and are expected to continue increasing in the foreseeable future due to the growth in our overall business and higher depreciation charges relating to investment in our properties, including expenditure on broadcasting infrastructure.
The Directors are proposing a final dividend for 2006/07 of 8.9 pence per share, which, combined with the interim dividend of 6.6 pence per share, will result in total dividend growth of 27% on the prior year total dividend. The Group continues to be cash generative despite the projected reduction in short term earnings per share as a result of the investment in broadband. It is therefore the Board’s aim to maintain a progressive dividend policy through the broadband investment phase, resulting in continued real growth in dividend per share.
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We currently believe that our existing external financing, together with internally generated cash inflows, will continue to be sufficient sources of liquidity to fund our current operations, including our contractual obligations and commercial commitments described above, our approved capital expenditure requirements and any dividends proposed.
Off-balance sheet arrangements
At 30 June 2007, the Company did not have any undisclosed off-balance sheet arrangements that require disclosure as defined under the applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Research and development
During the current year, the Group made payments totalling £15 million to a third party for development of encryption technology (2006: £15 million; 2005: £11 million). The Group did not incur any other significant research and development expenditure in the current or prior years.
Related party transactions
The Group conducts all business transactions with companies which are part of the News Corporation group (“News Corporation”), a major shareholder, on an arm’s length basis. During the year the Group made purchases of goods and services from News Corporation totalling £195 million (2006: £175 million; 2005: £163 million) and supplied services to News Corporation totalling £18 million (2006: £21 million; 2005: £18 million).
During the year the Group made purchases of goods and services from joint ventures and associates totalling £49 million (2006: £46 million; 2005: £54 million) and supplied services to joint ventures and associates totalling £15 million (2006: £14 million; 2005: £20 million).
For further details of transactions with related parties, see note 29 of the consolidated financial statements.
US GAAP reconciliation
Profit for the year under IFRS was £499 million (2006: £551 million; 2005: £578 million). Under US GAAP, net income was £479 million (2006: £551 million; 2005: £577 million). Shareholders’ equity under IFRS at 30 June 2007 was £47 million (2006: £121 million). Under US GAAP, shareholders’ equity was £616 million (2006: £759 million).
The principal differences between US GAAP and IFRS, as they relate to the Group, arise from the methods of accounting for goodwill, employee stock-based compensation, capitalisation of interest, derivatives, pre-consolidation results, debt issue costs and deferred taxation. For a further explanation of the differences between US GAAP and IFRS, see note 31 to the consolidated financial statements.
Critical accounting policies
The application of IFRS requires our judgement when we formulate our accounting policies and when presenting our financial performance and position in the consolidated financial statements. Judgement is often required in respect of items where the choice of specific policy to be followed can materially affect our reported results or net asset position, in particular through estimating the recoverable lives of particular assets, or in the timing of transaction recognition. A description of our significant accounting policies is disclosed in note 1 of the consolidated financial statements. We do not believe that we have any critical accounting policies which are specific to US GAAP, as any US GAAP accounting policies that we have deemed to be critical are also critical under IFRS. We consider that our accounting policies in respect of the following are critical:
Goodwill
Business combinations that have occurred since the IFRS Transition Date (1 July 2004) (“IFRS Transition Date”) are accounted for by applying the purchase method of accounting. Following this method, goodwill is initially recognised on consolidation, representing the difference between the cost of the business combination and the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed. Judgement is required in determining the fair value of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent assets assumed in a business combination. Calculating the fair values involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including expectations about future cash flows, discount rates and the lives of assets following purchase. In respect of business combinations that occurred prior to the IFRS Transition Date, goodwill has been included at its deemed cost, as permitted by IFRS 1 “First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards”. Deemed cost represents the goodwill’s carrying value under the Group’s UK GAAP accounting policies on the IFRS Transition Date.
Goodwill is stated at cost less any impairment losses and is tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired. Any impairment identified is recognised immediately in the income statement and may not subsequently be reversed. The carrying amount of goodwill in respect of associates and joint ventures is included in the carrying amount of the investment in the associate or joint venture.
At 30 June 2007, the carrying value of goodwill amounted to £741 million (2006: £637 million) and represented 19% (2006: 17%) of our total assets. Applying the impairment tests has not resulted in a charge for impairment in either the current or prior two years.
Judgement is required in evaluating whether any impairment loss has arisen against the carrying amount of goodwill. This may require calculation of the recoverable amount of cash generating units to which the goodwill is associated. Such a calculation may involve estimates of the net present value of future forecast cash flows and selecting an appropriate discount rate.
The main difference between IFRS and US GAAP with respect to goodwill relates to the deemed cost of the goodwill in our balance sheets (see note 31 of the consolidated financial statements for further details).
Revenue and bad debt provisions
Selecting the appropriate timing for, and amount of, revenue to be recognised requires judgement. This may involve estimating the fair value of consideration before it is received. The main source of our revenue is revenue from subscribers. In the current year, retail and wholesale subscription revenue comprised 79% of total revenue (2006: 82%; 2005: 83%). Revenue from retail subscribers is charged to contract customers on a monthly basis. Revenue is invoiced and recorded as part of a periodic billing cycle, and is recognised as the services are provided. When the Group sells a set-top box, installation and subscription service in one bundled transaction, we allocate the total consideration from the arrangement to each element based on their relative fair values. The fair value of each individual element is determined using vendor specific or third party evidence on a periodic basis. The amount of revenue the Group recognises for delivered elements is limited to the cash received.
Judgement is also required in evaluating the likelihood of collection of customer debt after revenue has been recognised. This evaluation requires the application of estimates, including the level of provision to be made for amounts with uncertain recovery profiles. Provisions are based on historical trends in the percentage of debts which are not recovered or on more detailed reviews of individually significant balances. As retail subscriber revenue is generally billed in advance and corrective action is taken early within the billing cycle, bad debts are a relatively low percentage of sales. There is no difference in the Group’s revenue and bad debt provisions between IFRS and US GAAP.
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets
At 30 June 2007, property, plant and equipment and intangible assets represented 24% of our total assets (2006: 19%). Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation or amortisation and any impairment losses, other than those that are classified as held for sale, which are stated at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. When an item comprises major components having different useful lives, each component is accounted for as a separate asset.
The assessment of the useful economic lives of these assets requires judgement. Depreciation or amortisation is charged to the income statement based on the useful economic life selected. This assessment requires estimation of the period over which the Group will benefit from the assets.
Determining whether the carrying amount of these assets has any indication of impairment also requires judgement. If an indication of impairment is identified, further judgement is required to assess whether the carrying amount can be supported by the net present value of future cash flows forecast to be derived from the asset. This forecast involves cash flow projections and selecting the appropriate discount rate. There have been no material impairments in the period.
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Financial and operating review
continued
International Accounting Standard 38, “Intangible Assets”, specifies criteria for the recognition of intangible assets, including a detailed definition of costs that must be capitalised in relation to internally generated assets. Assessing whether assets meet the required criteria for initial capitalisation requires judgement. This requires a determination of whether the assets will result in future benefits to the Group. In particular, internally generated intangible assets must be assessed during the development phase to identify whether the Group has the ability and intention to complete the development successfully.
The only difference between IFRS and US GAAP relates to the capitalisation of interest costs on funds invested in the construction of major capital assets (see note 31 of the consolidated financial statements for further details).
Amortisation of programming inventory
A significant proportion of programming costs relates to the amortisation of television programme rights. Programming costs constituted 41% of operating expense in the current year (2006: 49%; 2005: 54%). The key area of accounting for programming inventory requiring judgement is the assessment of the appropriate profile over which to recognise amortisation in the income statement. This assessment requires the Group to form an expectation of the number of times a programme will be broadcast and the value associated with each broadcast.
For general entertainment programming, in order to perform this assessment, we consider the expected number of viewers a programme is likely to achieve on repeat broadcast, the alternative programming available to the programming scheduler, the potential marketing benefits relating to the scheduling of certain programmes and the Group’s assessment of its competitors’ scheduling intentions when determining the amount of programme expense to recognise for each broadcast. Acquired movie rights are amortised on a straight-line basis over the period of the transmission rights. Where contracts for sports rights provide for multiple seasons for competitions, they are amortised on a straight-line basis across the season or competition as our estimate of the benefits received from these rights is determined to be most appropriately aligned with a straight-line amortisation profile.
There is no difference in the Group’s treatment of amortisation of programme inventory between IFRS and US GAAP.
Deferred tax
We recognise deferred tax assets and liabilities using the balance sheet liability method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheet and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. The following temporary differences are not provided for: goodwill; the initial recognition of assets or liabilities that affect neither accounting profit nor taxable profit; and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that it is not probable that they will reverse in the foreseeable future. The amount of deferred tax provided is based on the expected manner of realisation or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, using tax rates that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet date.
The key area of deferred tax accounting requiring judgement is the assessment of the expected timing and manner of realisation or settlement of the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities held at the balance sheet date. In particular, assessment is required of whether it is probable that there will be suitable taxable profits against which the deferred tax can be utilised.
If our ability to generate sufficient future taxable income changes, or if there is a material change in the actual tax rates or time period within which the underlying temporary difference becomes taxable or deductible, we could be required either to write down our deferred tax assets further, resulting in an increase in our effective tax rate and an adverse impact on our financial results, or to recognise additional deferred tax assets, resulting in a decrease in our effective tax rate and a positive impact on our financial results.
At 30 June 2007, we have recognised a deferred tax asset of £54 million (2006: £100 million) and have unrecognised deferred tax assets of £152 million (2006: £121 million) in respect of tax losses arising from trading, and £447 million (2006: £354 million) in respect of tax losses arising from capital disposals and provisions against investments. The Directors consider that at 30 June 2007 there was sufficient evidence to support the recognition of our deferred tax asset on the basis that it was probable that there would be suitable taxable profits against which this asset could be utilised and from which future reversals of underlying timing differences could be deducted.
The net deferred tax asset recognised under US GAAP has primarily differed in respect of deferred tax on IFRS to US GAAP adjustments and in relation to the recognition of deferred tax assets in respect of employee stock-based compensation expense (see note 31 of the consolidated financial statements for further details).
Available-for-sale investments
Equity investments intended to be held for an indefinite period of time are classified as available-for-sale investments. They are carried at fair value, where this can be reliably measured, with movements in fair value recognised directly in the available-for-sale reserve within equity. Where the fair value cannot be reliably measured, the investment is carried at cost. Permanent impairment losses in available-for-sale investments are recognised in the income statement and are not reversible.
The key areas of judgement in respect of available-for-sale investments are the assessment of whether there is objective evidence that a loss event has occurred after initial recognition, and whether such a loss event has a reliably measurable impact on the estimated future cash flows of the investment. At each balance sheet date, management consider whether there is objective evidence that a loss event has occurred and whether it has had an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the available-for-sale investment. If a loss event has occurred, management would then consider whether an impairment loss has occurred and the quantum of that loss. As at 30 June 2007, the Group’s assets included an investment in ITV plc, which had a carrying value of £795 million (2006: nil). The factors management considered in determining whether an impairment loss in ITV plc had occurred included observable data about the estimated future cash flows of ITV plc based on ITV plc's publicly available financial reporting and announcements, publicly available information from financial commentators about ITV plc and the market in which it operates, the historical performance of ITV plc's share price, and the regulatory environment affecting ITV plc and the Group.
Under US GAAP, similar judgement is required in determining whether an “other than temporary” impairment has occurred. There is currently no difference in the Group’s treatment of available-for-sale investments under IFRS and US GAAP.
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Property
Our headquarters are located at leasehold and freehold premises in Isleworth, England. We own or lease approximately 75 properties, the majority of which are located in the UK. The principal properties of the Group we own and lease are as follows:
| | | | | | Approximate | |
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| Location | Tenure | | Use | | area | |
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| 1 to 8 Grant Way, Isleworth, England | Freehold | | Offices, studios, | | 313,085 | |
| | | | technology and storage | | | |
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| New Horizons Court, Brentford, England | Leasehold | | Offices | | 159,632 | |
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| 1, 2, 4 and 5 Macintosh Road, Livingston, Scotland | Freehold | | Contact centres | | 146,713 | |
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| Carnegie Campus, Dunfermline, Scotland | Freehold | | Contact centre | | 95,852 | |
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| Marcopolo House and Arches, Queenstown Road, London, England | Leasehold | | Sub-let offices | | 85,509 | |
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| 1 Brick Lane, London England | Leasehold | | Office & technical | | 77,000 | |
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| West Cross House, Brentford, England | Leasehold | | Offices | | 72,194 | |
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| The Chilworth Research Centre, Southampton, England | Leasehold | | Satellite uplink | | 61,937 | |
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| Athena Court, Isleworth, England | Leasehold | | Offices | | 53,583 | |
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| Chancellor House, 19 Thomas More Square, London, England | Leasehold | | Offices | | 53,293 | |
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| 123 Buckingham Place Road, London, England | Leasehold | | Offices | | 36,686 | |
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| 26 Boulevard Royal, 2449 Luxembourg, Grande duche du Luxembourg | Leased serviced | | Offices | | 2,500 | |
| | office space | | | | | |
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Introduction
The Directors present their Annual Report on the affairs of British Sky Broadcasting Group plc (the “Company”) and its subsidiary undertakings, together with the Accounts and Auditors’ Report for the year ended 30 June 2007.
Business review
The Companies Act 1985 requires the Company to set out in this report a fair review of the business of the Group during the financial year ended 30 June 2007 including an analysis of the position of the Group at the end of the financial year, and a description of the principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group (known as a ‘Business Review’).
The information that fulfils the Business Review requirements can be found in the following sections of the Annual Report which are incorporated into this report by reference:
• | Chairman’s statement on page 2 |
• | Chief Executive Officer’s statement on page 3 |
• | Review of the business on pages 4 to 25 |
• | Financial review on pages 26 to 35 |
• | Principal risks and uncertainties that face the Group are described on pages 17 to 19 |
• | Significant trends that could have a material effect on the performance of the Groupare described on pages 32 to 33 |
Pages 36 to 49 inclusive (together with the sections mentioned above which are incorporated by reference) consist of a Directors’ report that has been drawn up and presented in accordance with and in reliance upon applicable English company law and the liabilities of the Directors’ in connection with that report shall be subject to the limitations and restrictions provided by the law.
Principal activities
British Sky Broadcasting Group plc is the holding company of the British Sky Broadcasting group of companies (the “Group”). The Group’s principal activities are detailed in the Review of the business on pages 3 to 25.
Financial instruments
Details of the Group’s use of financial instruments, together with information on our risk management objectives and policies, and our exposure to price risks, credit risks, liquidity risks and cash flow risks, can be found in note 22 to the accounts.
Results and dividends
The profit for the year ended 30 June 2007 was £499 million (2006: £551 million). The Directors recommend a final dividend for the year ended 30 June 2007 of 8.9 pence per ordinary share which, together with the interim dividend of 6.6 pence paid to shareholders on 24 April 2007, will make a total dividend for the year of 15.5 pence (2006: 12.20 pence). Subject to approval at the Annual General Meeting (“AGM”), the final dividend will be paid on 16 November 2007 to shareholders appearing on the register at the close of business on 26 October 2007.
Payment policy
The policy of the Group is to agree terms of payment with suppliers prior to entering into a contractual relationship. In the absence of a specific agreement, it is the policy of the Group to pay suppliers on a monthly basis. The Group had below 30 days’ purchases outstanding at 30 June 2007 (2006: below 30 days), based on the total amount invoiced by non-programme trade suppliers during the year ended 30 June 2007. Programme creditors include significant balances which are not yet contractually due. In respect of amounts both contractually due and invoiced, the outstanding number of days’ purchases is below 30 days (2006: below 30 days).
Share capital
Details of the structure of the Company’s share capital and changes in the share capital during the year are disclosed in note 23 to the consolidated financial statements.
The Shareholder information item on pages 95 to 102 contains details of the rights attaching to the Company’s ordinary shares.
The information disclosed to the Company, as at 26 July 2007, under Rule 5 of the Disclosure and Transparency Rules of the Financial Services Authority in respect of holdings exceeding the 3% notification threshold is detailed in “Shareholder information – Major shareholders” on page 96.
Corporate governance
Details concerning the Company’s arrangements relating to corporate governance and its compliance with the Combined Code 2006 (the “Combined Code”) given on pages 39 to 43. The Report on Directors’ remuneration is on pages 43 to 49.
Significant agreements
Details of any significant agreements that take effect, alter or terminate on a change of control of the Company, are disclosed in the Review of the business on page 15.
Charitable contributions and community and environmental activities
The Group’s fifth Corporate Responsibility Review, which does not form part of the Annual Report, will be published in August 2007, and will provide further information on the Group’s commitment to corporate responsibility, including community and environmental activities (see www.sky.com/responsibilities). An overview of the Group’s community and environmental activities is also included in the Review of the business on pages 15 to 16.
During 2007, the Group donated £1,881,125 (2006: £2,308,581) to charities in the UK in the form of cash. The Group’s total community investment (cash, time, in kind and management costs) will be published in the Corporate Responsibility Review.
Political contributions
Political contributions of the Group in the UK during 2007 amounted to nil (2006: nil).
Directors
The names and biographical details of the Directors of the Company are given on pages 37 to 38. The following Board change occurred during the year:
Lord St John of Fawsley resigned as a Director of the Company on 3 November 2006.
Jeremy Darroch, Andrew Higginson, Gail Rebuck and Lord Rothschild retire from the Board by rotation, and being eligible, offer themselves for re-election at the 2007 AGM. David DeVoe, Rupert Murdoch and Arthur Siskind are subject to annual reappointment in accordance with requirement A.7.2 of the Combined Code, as they have served as Non-Executive Directors for longer than nine years.
The Directors’ interests in the ordinary shares and options of the Company are disclosed within the Report on Directors’ remuneration on pages 47 to 49.
Details of the powers of the Company’s Directors are disclosed in “Memorandum and articles of association – Directors” on pages 97 to 100.
Employment policies
Details of the Group’s employees, together with statements of policy on equality of opportunity, disabled persons, employee involvement and communication, training and development and financial participation are provided in the People section of the Review of the business on pages 16 to 17.
Health and Safety
The health and safety of the Group’s employees is a matter of major importance. Accordingly, it is the Group’s policy to manage its activities so as to avoid causing any unnecessary or unacceptable risk, so far as is reasonably practicable, to the health, safety and wellbeing of its personnel. Furthermore, the Group directs its managers and contractors to take all reasonable steps to reduce risks to the minimal level achievable through good management practice and the application of relevant control measures. The Group’s goal is to ensure continuous improvement in the management of its health and safety risks. Sky’s drive to achieve its aim of continual organisational development follows a programme plan approach which structures the delivery of business relevant improvements within the systems of work, policies and procedures in-place across the Group. The reinvigorated management system and governance model for health and safety within Sky introduced three years ago is now securely embedded across the Group. This structure secures practical resolutions for operational hazards and risks, seeking to ensure the welfare of the Group’s employees, compliance with all applicable statutory requirements, and ensuring that the business continues to grow and develop in a health and safety conscious way.
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Purchase of own shares
At the AGM, held on 4 November 2005, the shareholders gave the Company the authority to purchase in the market a maximum of 92,000,000 of its own shares. This authority expired on 3 November 2006.
During the year ended 30 June 2007 and prior to 3 November 2006, the Company purchased, and subsequently cancelled, 38,235,000 ordinary shares of 50p each, representing approximately 2.18% of the issued ordinary share capital of the Company at 26 July 2007, for a consideration of £212 million, before stamp duty and commissions. Please see “Memorandum and articles of association – Alteration of share capital” for more details.
Annual General Meeting
The notice convening the AGM, to be held at the Royal Institute of British Architects, 66 Portland Place, London W1B 1AD on 2 November 2007 at 9.00am, will be sent to all shareholders under separate cover in September 2007.
Going concern
After making enquires, the Directors have formed the judgement, at the time of approving the consolidated financial statements, that there is a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. For this reason, the Directors continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the consolidated financial statements.
Auditors
In accordance with the provisions of Section 234ZA of the Companies Act 1985, each of the persons who are Directors of the Company at the date of approval of this report confirms that:
• | so far as the Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information (as defined inthe Companies Act 1985) of which the Company’s auditors are unaware; and |
• | the Director has taken all the steps that he/she ought to have taken as a Director tomake himself/herself aware of any relevant audit information (as defined) and toestablish that the Company’s auditors are aware of that information. |
A resolution to re-appoint Deloitte & Touche LLP as the Company’s auditors will be proposed at the forthcoming AGM.
By order of the Board,
Dave Gormley
Company Secretary
26 July 2007
Board of Directors and senior management
Our Directors are as follows:
| Name | Age | | | Position with the Company | |
| | | | | | |
| Chase Carey | 53 | | * | Director | |
| Jeremy Darroch | 45 | | | Director (Chief Financial Officer) | |
| David DeVoe | 60 | | * | Director | |
| David Evans | 67 | | ** | Director | |
| Nicholas Ferguson | 58 | | ** | Director(Senior Independent Non-Executive Director& Remuneration Committee Chairman) | |
| | | | | |
| Andrew Higginson | 50 | | ** | Director | |
| Allan Leighton | 54 | | ** | Director(Audit Committee Chairman) | |
| James Murdoch | 34 | | | Director (Chief Executive Officer) | |
| Rupert Murdoch | 76 | | * | Chairman | |
| Jacques Nasser | 59 | | ** | Director | |
| Gail Rebuck | 55 | | ** | Director | |
| Lord Rothschild | 71 | | ** | Director(Deputy Chairman) | |
| Arthur Siskind | 68 | | * | Director | |
| Lord Wilson of Dinton | 64 | | ** | Director(Corporate Governance & Nominations | |
| | | | | Committee Chairman) | |
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*Non-Executive
**Independent Non-Executive
Our senior management who are not members of the Board of Directors (“Senior Executives”) are as follows:
| Name | Age | | | Position with the Company | |
| | | | | | |
| Matthew Anderson | 41 | | | Group Director for Communications & BrandMarketing | |
| James Conyers | 42 | | | General Counsel | |
| Beryl Cook | 46 | | | Director for People and Organisational Development | |
| Robin Crossley | 48 | | | Strategic Adviser, Technology | |
| Mike Darcey | 42 | | | Chief Operating Officer | |
| David Gormley | 44 | | | Group Company Secretary | |
| Jeff Hughes | 37 | | | Executive Vice President | |
| Didier Lebrat | 47 | | | Chief Technology Officer | |
| David Rowe | 48 | | | Managing Director, Enterprise | |
| Brian Sullivan | 45 | | | Managing Director, Customer Group | |
| Sophie Turner Laing | 46 | | | Managing Director, Entertainment | |
| Vic Wakeling | 64 | | | Managing Director, Sky Sports and Sky News | |
| Alun Webber | 41 | | | Group Director of Strategic Project Delivery | |
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None of the Senior Executives listed above holds directly more than 1% of the issued share capital in the Company.
Further information with respect to the Directors and Senior Executives is set forth below.
Board of Directors
Chase Carey was appointed as a Director of the Company on 13 February 2003. Mr Carey has been a Non-Executive Director of News Corporation since 2002 and was an Executive Director from 1996 until 2002. Mr Carey is President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) of The DIRECTV Group, Inc. (“DIRECTV”). Mr Carey previously served as Co-Chief Operating Officer of News Corporation and as a Director and Co-Chief Operating Officer of Fox Entertainment Group (“FEG”). Mr Carey has also held the positions of Chairman and CEO of Fox Television, Director of Star Group Limited (“Star”), Director of NDS Group plc (“NDS”) and Director of Gemstar-TV Guide International, Inc. (“Gemstar”).
Jeremy Darroch was appointed as Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) and a Director of the Company on 16 August 2004. Mr Darroch joined DSG International plc (“DSG”), formerly Dixons Group plc, in January 2000 as Retail Finance Director, rising to the position of Group Finance Director in February 2002. Prior to DSG, Mr Darroch spent 12 years at Procter & Gamble in a variety of roles in the UK and Europe, latterly as European Finance Director for its Health Care businesses. In February 2006 Mr Darroch was appointed a Non-Executive Director of Marks & Spencer Group plc. Mr Darroch is a member of the 100 Group of Finance Directors.
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Board of Directors and senior management
continued
David F. DeVoe was appointed as a Director of the Company on 15 December 1994. Mr DeVoe has been a Director of News Corporation and its Chief Financial Officer since October 1990. Mr DeVoe has served as Senior Executive Vice President of News Corporation since January 1996. Mr DeVoe has been a Director of News America Incorporated (“NAI”) since January 1991 and a Senior Executive Vice President since January 1998. Mr. DeVoe has been a Director of FEG since 1991 and its Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since August 1998. Mr. DeVoe has been a Director of STAR since July 1993, a Director of NDS since October 1996, a Director of Gemstar-TV Guide since June 2001 and a Director of DIRECTV since December 2003.
David Evans was appointed as a Director of the Company on 21 September 2001. In July 2006, Mr Evans joined the executive team of RHI Entertainment (“RHI”). Mr Evans was previously President and CEO of Crown Media Holdings, Inc. (“Crown”) and its predecessor company, Hallmark Entertainment Networks, from 1 March 1999. Prior to that, Mr Evans was President and CEO of Tele-Communications International, Inc. (“TINTA”) from January 1998. Mr Evans joined TINTA in September 1997 as its President and Chief Operating Officer (“COO”), overseeing the day-to-day operations of the company. Prior to joining TINTA, from July 1996, Mr Evans was Executive Vice President of News Corporation, President and CEO of Sky Entertainment Services Latin America, LLC, and President and COO of The Fox Television Network.
Nicholas Ferguson was appointed as a Director of the Company on 15 June 2004 and Senior Independent Non-Executive Director on 12 June 2007. Mr Ferguson is Chairman of SVG Capital plc, a publicly-quoted private equity group, and was formerly Chairman of Schroder Ventures. He is also Chairman of the Courtauld Institute of Art and the Institute of Philanthropy.
Andrew Higginson was appointed as a Director of the Company on 1 September 2004. Mr Higginson is Finance and Strategy Director of Tesco plc (“Tesco”). Mr Higginson was appointed to the Board of Tesco in 1997, having previously been the Group Finance Director of the Burton Group plc. Mr Higginson is a member of the 100 Group of Finance Directors and Chairman of Tesco Personal Finance.
Allan Leighton was appointed as a Director of the Company on 15 October 1999. Mr Leighton joined ASDA Stores Limited (“ASDA”) as Group Marketing Director in March 1992 and was appointed Chief Executive in September 1996. In November 1999 he was appointed President and CEO of Wal-Mart Europe. Mr Leighton resigned from all of these positions in September 2000. Mr Leighton is currently Chairman of The Royal Mail Group and Bhs Ltd and Deputy Chairman of Selfridges & Co, George Weston Ltd and Loblaws Ltd.
James Murdoch was appointed as a Director of the Company on 13 February 2003 and CEO with effect from 4 November 2003. Until Mr Murdoch’s appointment as CEO, he was Chairman and CEO of Star from May 2000. Prior to 4 November 2003, Mr Murdoch was Executive Vice President of News Corporation and a member of News Corporation’s Board of Directors and Executive Committee. Mr Murdoch serves on the Board of YankeeNets and the Board of Trustees of the Harvard Lampoon. Mr Murdoch attended Harvard University. James Murdoch is the son of Rupert Murdoch.
Rupert Murdoch was appointed as a Director of the Company in November 1990, when he founded British Sky Broadcasting, and was appointed Chairman in June 1999. Mr Murdoch has been CEO of News Corporation since 1979, Chairman since 1991 and was Managing Director from 1979 until November 2004. Mr Murdoch has also served as a Director of FEG and its predecessor companies since 1985, Chairman since 1992 and CEO since 1995. In addition, Mr Murdoch has been a Director of Star since 1993, Gemstar since 2001 and DIRECTV since 2003.
Jacques Nasser was appointed as a Director of the Company on 8 November 2002. Mr Nasser served as a Member of the Board of Directors, and as President and CEO of Ford Motor Company from 1998 to 2001. Mr Nasser is currently a Partner of One Equity Partners and serves on the Board of Quintiles Transnational Corporation, Brambles Industries, BHP Billiton and the International Advisory Board of Allianz A.G.. Mr Nasser has received an honorary Doctorate of Technology and graduated in Business from the RMIT University of Melbourne, Australia. Because of Mr Nasser’s significant contributions to the wellbeing of humanity and to the country of Lebanon, he has received the Order of the Cedar. In recognition of Mr Nasser’s work for Australian industry, as an adviser to government, and for education in the area of technology, he has been awarded an Order of Australia and a Centenary Medal.
Gail Rebuck was appointed as a Director of the Company on 8 November 2002. Ms Rebuck is Chairman and Chief Executive of The Random House Group Limited (“Random House”), one of the UK’s leading trade publishing companies. In 1982, Ms Rebuck became a founder Director of Century Publishing (“Century”). Century merged with Hutchinson in 1985 and in 1989 Century Hutchinson was acquired by Random House Inc. In 1991, Ms Rebuck was appointed Chairman and Chief Executive of Random House. Ms Rebuck was a Trustee of the Institute for Public Policy Research from 1993 to 2003 and was for three years a member of the Government’s Creative Industries Task Force. Ms Rebuck is on the Board of The Work Foundation, a member of the Court of the University of Sussex, on the Advisory Board of the Cambridge Judge Institute, and the Council of the Royal College of Art. Ms Rebuck was awarded a CBE in the 2000 New Year’s Honours List.
Lord Rothschild was appointed as a Director, Deputy Chairman and Senior Independent Non-Executive Director of the Company on 17 November 2003. Lord Rothschild relinquished the position of Senior Independent Non-Executive Director on 12 June 2007. Lord Rothschild is Chairman of RIT Capital Partners plc and Five Arrows Limited. He co-founded Global Asset Management and J Rothschild Assurance, the life assurance company now part of St James’s Place Capital plc. Lord Rothschild is also a nominee to the board of directors of the general partner of the Blackstone Group. In addition to his career in the world of finance, he has been involved in philanthropy and public service.
Arthur Siskind was appointed as a Director of the Company on 19 November 1991. Mr Siskind has been the Senior Advisor to the Chairman of News Corporation since January 2005. Mr Siskind has been an Executive Director of News Corporation since 1991 and was Group General Counsel of News Corporation from March 1991 until December 2004. Mr Siskind was Senior Executive Vice President of News Corporation from January 1996 until December 2004 and an Executive Vice President of News Corporation from February 1991 until January 1996. Mr Siskind has been a Director of NDS since 1996 and was a Director of NAI from 1991 until January 2005 and a Director of Star from 1993 until January 2005. Mr Siskind was Senior Executive Vice President and General Counsel of FEG from August 1998 until January 2005 and a Director from August 1998 to March 2005. Mr Siskind was an Adjunct Professor of Law at the Georgetown Law Center from 2005 to 2007. Mr Siskind has been an Adjunct Professor of Law at the Cornell Law School since 2007. Mr Siskind has been a member of the Bar of the State of New York since 1962.
Lord Wilson of Dinton was appointed as a Director of the Company on 13 February 2003. Lord Wilson retired from the Civil Service in 2002 after serving 36 years in a number of UK Government departments including the Department of the Environment (appointed Permanent Secretary in 1992), the Home Office (appointed Permanent Under Secretary in 1994), and Secretary of the Cabinet and Head of the Home Civil Service in January 1998. Since his retirement in September 2002, Lord Wilson has been Master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He was appointed as a Non-Executive Director of Xansa plc in April 2003 and became Non-Executive Chairman of C. Hoare and Co, Bankers, in October 2006. Lord Wilson was made a peer in November 2002.
Alternate Directors
A Director may appoint any other Director or any other person to act as his Alternate. An Alternate Director shall be entitled to receive notice of and attend meetings of the Directors and Committees of Directors of which his appointer is a member and not able to attend. The Alternate Director shall be entitled to vote at such meetings and generally perform all the functions of his appointer as a Director in his absence.
On the resignation of the appointer for any reason the Alternate Director shall cease to be an Alternate Director. The appointer may also remove his Alternate Director by notice to the Company Secretary signed by the appointer making or revoking the appointment. An Alternate Director shall not be entitled to fees for his service as an Alternate Director.
Rupert Murdoch, David DeVoe, Arthur Siskind and Chase Carey have appointed each of the others to act as their Alternate Director and, in addition, each has appointed Leslie Hinton to act as his Alternate Director. David Evans has appointed Allan Leighton as his Alternate Director.
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Leslie Hinton served as a Director of the Company from 15 October 1999 until 13 February 2003. Following his resignation as a Director, Mr Hinton was immediately appointed as an Alternate Director of the Company. He has worked for News Corporation for more than 40 years as a journalist and manager in Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom and is currently Executive Chairman of News International Limited. In 1996, Mr Hinton joined the board of the Press Association in Britain. In October 1998, he was elected Chairman of the newspaper and magazine publishing industry’s Code of Practice Committee which sets the code implemented by the Press Complaints Commission. Mr Hinton was appointed as an independent non-executive director of Johnston Press in March 2005.
Senior executives
Our Senior Executives are as follows:
Matthew Anderson joined us in November 2005 as our Group Director forCommunications. In November 2006, Mr Anderson’s role was expanded to include overall responsibility for Brand Marketing.
James Conyers joined us in April 1993 as Assistant Solicitor. During 1998 he was appointed as our Deputy Head of Legal and Business Affairs. In January 2004, he was appointed as our Head of Legal and Business Affairs, and in September 2005, he was appointed as our General Counsel.
Beryl Cook joined us in April 2004 as our Director for People and OrganisationalDevelopment. On 4 June 2007, the Company announced that Ms Cook will be leaving the Company in the summer of 2007.
Robin Crossley joined us in 1988 and was appointed National Operations Manager in 1989. He left in 1991 but subsequently rejoined us in June 1995 as Director of Digital Development. In January 2001, Mr Crossley was appointed Strategic Adviser, Technology.
Mike Darcey joined us in February 1998 as our Head of Strategic Planning and in July 2002 he was appointed as our Group Director of Strategy. In February 2006, he was appointed Group Commercial and Strategy Director with extended responsibility for a new group that combines our Strategy, Future Technology, Research and Development and Business Development teams. Mr Darcey was appointed Chief Operating Officer in November 2006.
Dave Gormley joined us in March 1995 as Assistant Company Secretary and was appointed as Group Company Secretary in November 1997.
Jeff Hughes joined us in May 2005 as our Group Director for IT and Strategy.In November 2006, he was appointed Executive Vice-President. His role includes overall responsibility for our proposed pay TV offering on DTT.
Didier Lebrat joined us in December 2006 as Chief Technology Officer. This role includes overall responsibility for the Information Technology, Network Infrastructure and Broadcast Technology, and Customer and Interactive Technology teams.
David Rowe joined us in July 2006 as Managing Director, Enterprise Business and is responsible for our business-to-business services across both television and telecoms. Mr Rowe was CEO of Easynet Group plc until it became part of Sky in January 2006. In November 2006, Mr Rowe’s role was expanded to include overall responsibility for Sky Bet.
Brian Sullivan joined us in February 1996 as Subscriber Marketing Manager and has held a variety of roles within sales and marketing over the last 10 years. In November 2006, Mr Sullivan was appointed as Managing Director, Customer Group with responsibility for marketing strategy, product development and management, sales, retention, service and field operations, as well as overall customer growth.
Sophie Turner Laing joined us in March 2003 as Director of Film Channels & Acquisitions. In 2004 she was appointed Deputy Managing Director, Sky Channels and Services. In March 2007 she was appointed Managing Director, Entertainment with overall responsibility for the multi-platform content strategy for Sky’s wholly owned entertainment channels.
Vic Wakeling joined us in 1991 as Head of Football, taking over as Head of Sport in January 1994. In August 1998, he was appointed Managing Director, Sky Sports and in December 2006 his role was expanded to include overall responsibility for Sky News.
Alun Webber joined us in 1995 and was part of the core team which launched Sky Digital, and established the Sky Interactive venture. In April 2002, he was appointed Group Director of Engineering and Platform Technology. In July 2006, Mr Webber was appointed Group Director of Strategic Project Delivery.
There is no arrangement or understanding between any of the above listed persons and any other person pursuant to which he or she was elected as a Director or Senior Executive.
Employees
The average monthly number of full time equivalent persons (including temporary employees) employed by us during the previous three fiscal years was as follows:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | number | | number | | number | |
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| Channels and services | 2,472 | | 2,403 | | 2,357 | |
| Customer service, sales and | | | | | | |
| marketing | 7,591 | | 6,486 | | 5,472 | |
| Transmission and technology | 1,560 | | 1,267 | | 1,201 | |
| Management and administration | 1,464 | | 1,060 | | 928 | |
| | 13,087 | | 11,216 | | 9,958 | |
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Corporate governance report
The Company is committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance in its management of the Group and when accounting to shareholders. The management of the Company values an effective long-term outlook and sees itself as responsible to the wider range of stakeholders, whilst being accountable for the pursuit of its objectives primarily for the benefit of the Company’s owners.
This section of the Annual Report has been prepared in accordance with the Code of Best Practice set out in Section 1 of the Combined Code.
With effect from 3 November 2006, the Company has been in full compliance with the provisions set out in Section 1 of the Combined Code. Prior to this, in the financial year the Company complied with the Combined Code, apart from the requirement for Non-Executive Directors who have served for more than nine years being subject to annual re-election.
The Company, as a foreign issuer with American Depositary Shares listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), is obliged to disclose any significant ways in which its corporate governance practices differ from the NYSE’s corporate governance listing standards. Furthermore, the Company must comply fully with the provisions of the NYSE listing standards which relate to the composition, responsibilities and operation of audit committees. These provisions also incorporate certain rules concerning audit committees implemented by the SEC and the NYSE under the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
The Company has reviewed the NYSE’s listing standards and believes that its corporate governance practices are consistent with the standards, with the following exception. The standards state that companies must have a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors. The Company’s Corporate Governance & Nominations Committee is made up of a majority of Independent Non-Executive Directors.
Corporate policies
The policies of the Group aim to enhance and maintain risk management, and through this, safeguard the efficiency and effectiveness of the Group. Other policies are committed to improving equality in the workplace, share dealing, work practices (on and off-site), and social arrangements. Copies are readily available to all staff on the intranet.
The Company has also adopted since 2003 a Code of Ethics that applies to the Company’s CEO and CFO, who also serves as the principal accounting officer. The full text of the code of ethics is incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F of the Company for the fiscal year ended 30 June 2003 filed with the SEC on 5 December 2003.
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The Group continues to contribute more broadly to society and to ensuring it is addressing social and environmental risks associated with its operations. Policies on Social, Environmental and Ethical Performance can be found on pages 15 to 17.
The Board
The Board currently comprises fourteen Directors, made up of two Executive Directors and twelve Non-Executive Directors. A majority of eight Non-Executive Directors are determined to be independent in compliance with the Combined Code. They bring a wide range of experience and expertise to the Group’s affairs, and carry significant weight in the Board’s decisions. The Independent Non-Executive Directors provide a strong independent element and a foundation for good corporate governance. Short biographies of each of the Directors are set out on pages 37 to 39. The table on page 37 identifies those Directors who are, in the view of the Board, independent within the meaning of the Combined Code. Each board member receives and completes a questionnaire to determine factors that may affect independence according to the Combined Code, NYSE Corporate Governance Rules and Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The responses to the questionnaire assist the Board in ascertaining whether a director is independent in character and judgement, and whether there are relationships or circumstances which are likely to affect, or could appear to affect, the director’s judgement.
The Company recognises that all Directors are equally and collectively accountable under the law for the proper stewardship of the Company’s affairs. The Company maintains a directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy which meets defence costs when the Director is not proved to have acted fraudulently.
Executive Directors are not allowed to take on the chairmanship of a FTSE 100 company, but are allowed to take up one external non-executive FTSE 100 appointment and retain any payments in respect of this appointment.
The roles of the Chairman and CEO, are separate and the roles have been since the Company’s shares were admitted to listing in 1994. The full schedule of matters reserved for decision making by the Board, can be found on the Company’s corporate website at www.sky.com/corporate.
The Chairman
The Chairman is responsible for leadership of the Board, ensuring its effectiveness on all aspects of its role and setting its agenda. This includes ensuring, via the Company Secretary, that the Directors receive accurate, timely and clear information. The duties of the Chairman include the following:
• | to encourage and ensure effective communication with shareholders, and ensureshareholder views are communicated to the Board as a whole; |
• | to facilitate a structure to allow the effective contribution of all Directors, and of non-executive Directors in particular; |
• | to create an environment which engenders constructive relations between executiveand non-executive Directors; |
• | to organise the business of the Board so that it can be carried out effectivelyand efficiently; |
• | to lead the Board in discussions regarding the Company’s strategy and in theachievement of its objectives; |
• | to ensure Board Committees are properly established, composed and operated; and |
• | to enhance the Company’s public standing and image overall. |
The Chief Executive Officer
The CEO is responsible for the daily operation of the Company, advancing long-term shareholder value, supported by the management team. He is accountable and responsible to the Board for the management and operation of the Company. He is also involved in the management of the social and environmental responsibilities of the Company. The duties of the CEO include the following:
• | to be responsible and accountable to the Board for the management and operation ofthe Group; |
• | to prepare and implement plans and programmes for the attainment of approvedobjectives and to recommend such plans and programmes to the Board as appropriate; |
• | to provide leadership in the Group’s commitment to attaining high businessstandards generally; |
• | to create the conditions within the Group for the efficient operation of allbusiness units; |
• | to establish and maintain relationships with shareholders and potential shareholders,and major external bodies; |
• | to keep the Board informed on all matters of material importance; and |
• | to chair meetings of the Executive Committee. |
Senior Independent Non-Executive Director
On 12 June 2007, Lord Rothschild relinquished the position of Senior Independent Non-Executive Director (but continues to serve on the Board as Deputy Chairman and an independent Non-Executive Director) and Nicholas Ferguson was appointed to the role.
Non-Executive Directors
The dates on which the Non-Executive Directors’ initial service agreements/letters of appointment commenced and current expiry dates are as follows:
| | | | Expiry date of | |
| | | | current service | |
| | | | agreement or letter | |
| | Commencement date | | of appointment | |
| Chase Carey | 13 February2003 | | November 2009* | |
| David DeVoe(ii) | 15 December1994 | | 2November2007 | |
| David Evans(iii) | 21 September2001 | | November 2008* | |
| Nicholas Ferguson | 15 June2004 | | November 2009* | |
| Andrew Higginson(i) | 1 September2004 | | 2November2007 | |
| Allan Leighton(iii) | 15 October1999 | | November 2008* | |
| Rupert Murdoch(ii) | 3November1990 | | 2November2007 | |
| Jacques Nasser | 8November2002 | | 3 November 2009* | |
| Gail Rebuck(i) | 8November2002 | | 2November2007 | |
| Lord Rothschild(i) | 17November2003 | | 2November2007 | |
| Arthur Siskind(ii) | 19November1991 | | 2November2007 | |
| Lord Wilson of Dinton(iii) | 13 February2003 | | November 2008* | |
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* | These letters of appointment will expire on the day of the Company’s AGM in either November 2008 or 2009, the dates of which have yet to be agreed. |
All Directors are subject to retirement by rotation and reappointment by shareholders in accordance with the Company’s current Articles of Association (see “Shareholder Information”).
Notes: |
(i) | Non-Executive Directors retiring by rotation and offering themselves for reappointment by shareholders at the Company’s next AGM, to be held on 2 November 2007. Jeremy Darroch will also retire by rotation and offer himself for reappointment. |
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(ii) | David DeVoe, Arthur Siskind and Rupert Murdoch are subject to annual reappointment by shareholders in accordance with requirement A.7.2. of the Combined Code as they have served as Non-Executive Directors for longer than nine years. |
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(iii) | David Evans, Allan Leighton and Lord Wilson of Dinton will be subject to retirement by rotation and reappointment by shareholders at the Company’s AGM in 2008, the date of which has yet to be agreed. In accordance with the Company’s current Articles of Association, one-third of the Directors must retire by rotation. In circumstances where the number of Directors is not a multiple of three, the number of Directors retiring by rotation should be the whole number which is nearest to, but does not exceed, one-third of the number of Directors. Therefore, assuming that the Board continues to comprise fourteen Directors, four Directors will be required to retire by rotation at the Company’s AGM in 2008 (in addition to those then subject to annual reappointment). Accordingly, the remaining Director toretire by rotation in 2008 will be selected by drawing lots from those Directors who would otherwise be due to retire by rotation at the AGM of the Company to be held in 2009. |
Non-Executive Directors’ service agreements do not contain a notice period.
The Company Secretary
The Company Secretary is available to advise all Directors and is responsible for ensuring the Board is supplied with all necessary information in a reliable, timely manner. The Company Secretary ensures good communication between the Board, Board committees and senior management. He facilitates Directors’ induction and training.
Board Practices
The Board is scheduled to meet at least six times a year to review appropriate strategic, operational and financial matters as required. During the financial year, one of these meetings was held over two days when the Board met to review the future strategy and direction of the Group.
Attendance of the current Directors at Board and Committee meetings during the year, is set out in the table below:
| | | | | | | | Corporate | |
| | | | | | | | Governance & | |
| | Board | | Audit | | Remuneration | | Nominations | |
| | 8 | | 6 | | 4 | | 3 | |
| Director | | | | | | | | |
| Rupert Murdoch, Chairman | 7 | | – | | – | | – | |
| James Murdoch, CEO | 8 | | – | | – | | – | |
| Jeremy Darroch, CFO | 8 | | – | | – | | – | |
| Chase Carey | 8 | | – | | – | | – | |
| David DeVoe | 8 | | – | | – | | – | |
| David Evans* | 7 | | – | | 4 | | – | |
| Nicholas Ferguson* | 7 | | – | | 4 | | – | |
| Andrew Higginson*** | 7 | | 5 | | – | | – | |
| Allan Leighton*** | 6 | | 6 | | – | | – | |
| Jacques Nasser* | 6 | | – | | 4 | | – | |
| Gail Rebuck*** | 8 | | 6 | | – | | – | |
| Lord Rothschild** | 8 | | – | | – | | 3 | |
| Arthur Siskind** | 8 | | – | | – | | 3 | |
| Lord Wilson of Dinton** | 8 | | – | | – | | 3 | |
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*Remuneration Committee member
**Corporate Governance and Nominations Committee member
***Audit Committee member
In accordance with good practice, the independent Non-Executive Directors of the Board held a separate meeting during the year.
Board role
A schedule of matters reserved for the full Board’s determination and/or approval is in place, which includes:
• | approval of the annual budget and any changes to it; |
• | a major change in the nature, scope or scale of the business of the Group; |
• | approval of the interim and final results; |
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• | approval of any dividend policy; |
• | changes relating to the Group’s capital structure, including reductions of capital andshare buy-backs; |
• | the entering into by the Group of a commitment or arrangement (or any series ofrelated commitments or arrangements) which, whether budgeted or unbudgeted,involves or could reasonably involve, the payment or receipt by the Group of amountsequal to or in excess of £100 million in aggregate value; |
• | the entering into by the Group of a commitment or arrangement (or any series ofrelated commitments or arrangements) with News Corporation, any of its subsidiaries,or a related party which involves, or could reasonably involve, the payment or receiptby the Group of amounts equal to or in excess of £25 million in aggregate value; |
• | approval of resolutions to be put forward to shareholders at a general meeting; |
• | communication involving the general state of the Company; and |
• | determining the independence of Non-Executive Directors. |
The Board has also delegated specific responsibilities to Board Committees, notably the Audit, Remuneration and Corporate Governance & Nominations Committees, as set out below. Directors receive Board and Committee papers several days in advance of Board and Committee meetings. In addition, the Board members have access to external professional advice at the Company’s expense. Non-Executive Directors serve for an initial term of three years, subject to election by shareholders following appointment, subsequent re-election by shareholders, and Companies Act provisions relating to the removal of Directors. In addition, reappointment for a further term is not automatic, but may be mutually agreed. All of the Directors are required to retire and offer themselves for re-election at least once in every three years. Non-Executive Directors who have served for more than nine years on the Board are now subject to annual re-election in accordance with the Combined Code.
A committee of senior management generally meets on a weekly basis to allow prompt discussion of relevant business issues. It is chaired by the CEO and comprises the CFO and other Senior Executives from within the Group.
Following appointment to the Board, all new Directors receive an induction tailored to their individual requirements. The induction process involves a meeting with all of the Company’s Executive Directors and Senior Executives. This facilitates their understanding of the Group and the key drivers of the business’ performance. The Directors are also provided with copies of the Company’s corporate governance practices and procedures.
Directors regularly receive additional information from the Company between Board meetings, including a monthly report updating the Directors on the performance of the Group.
Where appropriate, additional training and updates on particular issues are arranged. For example, the Board will receive briefings on the Companies Act 2006.
During the year, the Directors carried out a full evaluation of the performance of the Board, its committees and individual Directors. The process was carried out internally and was led by the Corporate Governance & Nominations Committee, with the assistance of the Company Secretary and members of the legal department. The evaluation confirmed that the Board was satisfied with the Board’s overall performance.
During the year, the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director held a formal meeting of the Non-Executive Directors, without Executive Directors present, to discuss the functioning of the Board. There was also a meeting of the Non-Executive Directors without the Chairman present to evaluate his performance led by the Senior Independent Non-Executive Director.
Following this year’s review, the Corporate Governance & Nominations Committee and Board have confirmed that all Directors standing for re-election at the forthcoming AGM continue to perform effectively and demonstrate commitment to their roles.
Jeremy Darroch, Andrew Higginson, Lord Rothschild and Gail Rebuck retire from the Board by rotation, and being eligible, offer themselves for re-election at the 2007 AGM. David DeVoe, Rupert Murdoch and Arthur Siskind are subject to annual re-election in accordance with requirement A.7.2 of the Combined Code, as they have served as Non-Executive Directors for longer than 9 years.
Board Committees
Terms of reference for the governance of the Board Committees can be found on the Company’s corporate website.
Remuneration Committee
The members of the Remuneration Committee are Nicholas Ferguson (Chairman), David Evans and Jacques Nasser, all of whom are Independent Non-Executive Directors, in compliance with the Combined Code.
The Remuneration Committee has clearly defined terms of reference, meets at least twice a year, and takes advice from the CEO and independent consultants as appropriate in carrying out its work. Following publication of the annual report we arrange meetings and round-table discussions between the Remuneration Committee and institutional shareholders to discuss remuneration policy and aspects of the Committee’s Report on Directors' remuneration. The Remuneration Committee Chairman reports regularly to the Board on its activities.
Rupert Murdoch and David DeVoe have a standing invitation to attend meetings of the Remuneration Committee. Their attendance at these meetings is as observers only and in a non-voting capacity.
The Report on Directors’ remuneration can be found on pages 43 to 49. In accordance with the Directors’ Remuneration Report Regulations 2002, the Report on Directors’ remuneration will be put forward for an advisory shareholder vote at the AGM.
Corporate Governance & Nominations Committee
The Corporate Governance & Nominations Committee is chaired by Lord Wilson of Dinton and its other members are Lord Rothschild and Arthur Siskind. The Corporate Governance & Nominations Committee met three times during the year and the Chairman reports regularly to the Board on its activities. Its main duties include:
• | the identification and nomination, for approval by the Board, of candidates to fillBoard vacancies as they arise; |
• | the drafting of requirements for a particular appointment to the Board, taking intoconsideration the present balance of skills, knowledge and experience on the Board; |
• | the regular review of the structure, size and composition of the Board and torecommend any changes to the Board or succession planning; |
• | the provision of a formal letter of appointment, setting out clearly what is expected ofnew appointees to the Board, in terms of time commitment, term of office andcommittee service as well as their duties and liabilities as a Director, including detailsof the Company’s corporate governance policies and directors & officers liabilityinsurance cover; and |
• | the monitoring of the Company’s compliance with applicable Corporate GovernanceCodes and other similar requirements. |
The Corporate Governance & Nominations Committee has in the past used the services of external recruitment advisors when seeking to appoint a Director to the Board. There have been no nominations to the Board during this year.
The Corporate Governance & Nominations Committee led the evaluation of the Board that was completed during the year as discussed earlier in this report.
The Committee also reviewed the independence of the Non-Executive Directors and recommended to the Board that there be no changes to the independent status of the current Non-Executive Directors. The table on page 37 clearly sets out those Non-Executive Directors who are considered by the Board to be independent.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee, which consists exclusively of Independent Non-Executive Directors, has clearly defined terms of reference as laid down by the Board. The composition of the Audit Committee is currently Allan Leighton (Chairman), Gail Rebuck and Andrew Higginson. The CFO and representatives from the external auditor and the internal auditor attend meetings at the request of the Audit Committee. It is also usual practice for the CEO to attend meetings of the Audit Committee. Other finance and business executives attend meetings from time to time and the Company Secretary is Secretary to the Committee. The Audit Committee Chairman reports regularly to the Board on its activities.
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Corporate governance report
continued
David DeVoe and Arthur Siskind have a standing invitation to attend meetings of the Audit Committee. Their attendance at these meetings is as observers only and in a non-voting capacity. All three members of the Audit Committee are independent for the purposes of the Combined Code and Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Exchange Act. The members have wide ranging experience to bring to the work of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee met six times during the year. Its duties include:
• | making recommendations to the Board in relation to the appointment, reappointmentand removal of the external auditors and discussing with the external auditors thenature, scope and fees for the external auditors’ work; |
• | reviewing and making recommendations to the Board regarding the approval, or anyamendment to, the quarterly, half year and annual financial statements of the Group; |
• | reviewing and approving the Group’s US Annual Report on Form 20-F prior toits filing; |
• | reviewing the Group’s significant accounting policies; |
• | reviewing the Group’s systems of internal control; |
• | reviewing the Group’s treasury policies; |
• | recommending the appointment of the Group’s Director of Internal Audit; |
• | reviewing the audit plan and findings of the Group’s internal audit function; |
• | monitoring and reviewing the effectiveness of the Group’s internal audit function; |
• | monitoring the Group’s whistle-blowing policy; |
• | News UK Nominees Limited, a subsidiary of News Corporation, is a major shareholderin the Group. The Audit Committee receives, on a quarterly basis, a schedule of alltransactions between companies within the News Corporation Group and the Group,and any other related party transactions, showing all transactions which have beenentered into during the year and which cumulatively exceed £100,000 in value; |
• | Furthermore, Audit Committee approval is required for the entering into by the Groupof a commitment or arrangement (or any series of related commitments orarrangements) with News Corporation or any of its subsidiaries, or any other relatedparty which involves or could reasonably involve the payment or receipt by the Groupof amounts equal to or in excess of £10 million, but not exceeding £25 million inaggregate value with News Corporation. Any transaction in excess of £25 million inaggregate value must be submitted to the Audit Committee and, if approved by theAudit Committee, must also be submitted to the full Board for approval. |
The Audit Committee does not include an “Audit Committee Financial Expert” as such term is defined by the SEC rules. The Audit Committee members have considerable financial and business experience and the Board considers that the membership as a whole has sufficient recent and relevant financial experience to discharge its functions. In addition, the Board has determined that each member of the Audit Committee has sufficient accounting or related financial management expertise as required by the NYSE listing rules. Accordingly, it is the opinion of the Board not to formally designate a member as the Audit Committee financial expert.
Internal control
The Directors have overall responsibility for establishing and maintaining the Group’s systems of internal control and risk management and for reviewing their effectiveness. These systems are designed to manage, and where possible eliminate, the risk of failure to achieve business objectives and to provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance against material misstatement or loss. An ongoing process for identifying, evaluating and managing the significant risks faced by the Group has been established, in accordance with the guidance of the Turnbull Committee on internal control issued in September 1999 and updated by the Financial Reporting Council in October 2005. This process has been in place for the year ended 30 June 2007 and up to the date on which the financial statements were approved.
The Audit Committee, on behalf of the Board, considers the effectiveness of the operation of the Group’s systems of internal control and risk management during the year and this review has been carried out for the year ended 30 June 2007 and up to the date on which the financial statements were approved. This review relates to the Company and its subsidiaries and does not extend to joint ventures. The Audit Committee meets on at least a quarterly basis with the Group’s internal audit team and the external auditors.
There is a comprehensive budgeting and forecasting process, and the annual budget, which is regularly reviewed and updated, is approved by the Board. Risk assessment and evaluation take place as an integral part of this process. Performance is monitored against budget through weekly and monthly reporting cycles. Monthly reports on performance are provided to the Board and the Group reports to shareholders each quarter. Each area of the Group carries out risk assessments of its operations and ensures that the key risks are addressed. A Risk Management Committee, chaired by the CFO and comprising Senior Executives, reviews the management of risks in all areas of the Group. The results of the Risk Management Committee’s review are integrated into the budgeting and forecasting process and are integrated into the internal audit planning.
The internal audit team provides objective assurance as to the effectiveness of the Group’s systems of internal control and risk management to the Group’s operating management and to the Audit Committee.
Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting
The management of British Sky Broadcasting Group plc is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act.
Internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting may vary over time.
Management, including the CEO and CFO, has conducted an evaluation to assess the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control over financial reporting as of 30 June 2007 based upon criteria set forth in the framework Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The assessment excluded the internal controls over financial reporting relating to 365 Media because the entity was acquired on 23 January 2007. Based on their assessment, management concluded that, as at 30 June 2007, the Group’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.
The audit reports set out on page 51 are issued in accordance with auditing standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (US). These reports express unqualified opinions on the consolidated financial statements of the Group as of and for the year ended 30 June 2007 as well as on the assessment and effectiveness of the Group’s internal control over financial reporting as of 30 June 2007.
Disclosure controls and procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls, procedures and systems that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarised and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and the Company’s UK listing obligations. The Company has established a disclosure committee. The committee is chaired by the Company Secretary and its members consist of senior managers from group finance, legal and investor relations. It has responsibility for considering the materiality of information (including inside information) and on a timely basis, determination of the disclosure and treatment of such information. The committee also has responsibility for overseeing the process for the formal review of the contents of the Company’s Annual Report and filing on Form 20-F.
The Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of these disclosure controls, procedures and systems at 30 June 2007. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO of the Company have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Changes in internal controls
No change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting has occurred during the year ended 30 June 2007 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Use of external auditors
The Group has a policy on the provision by the external auditors of audit and non-audit services, which categorises such services between:
• | those services which the auditors are prohibited from providing; |
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• | those services which are acceptable for the auditors to provide and the provision ofwhich has been pre-approved by the Audit Committee; and |
• | those services for which the specific approval of the Audit Committee is requiredbefore the auditors are permitted to provide the service. |
The policy defines the types of services falling under each category and sets out the criteria which need to be met and the internal approval mechanisms required to be completed prior to any engagement. An analysis of all services provided by the external auditors is reviewed by the Audit Committee on a quarterly basis.
The Audit Committee is aware that the non-audit fees incurred with Deloitte & Touche LLP were considerably in excess of the audit fees in previous years. The principal reason for this was that the Group received services from Deloitte & Touche LLP in respect of the CRM systems development project, which was completed in 2006. The Audit Committee reviews regularly the non-audit work provided by Deloitte & Touche LLP, and has noted that, in relation to CRM, it would have had a disruptive effect on the final delivery of the system had Deloitte & Touche LLP personnel been withdrawn prior to completion of the project. The Audit Committee further noted that those members of Deloitte & Touche LLP who worked on the project were completely separate from the Deloitte & Touche LLP audit team and also were not involved in the development of any of the financial systems within the project. During this year the level of non-audit fees has significantly reduced.
For the year ended 30 June 2007, the Audit Committee has discussed the matter of audit independence with Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Group’s external auditors, and has received and reviewed confirmation in writing that, in Deloitte & Touche LLP’s professional judgement, Deloitte & Touche LLP is independent within the meaning of all UK and US regulatory and professional requirements and the objectivity of the audit engagement partner and audit staff is not impaired.
There were no services provided during the year that were not pre-approved by the Audit Committee in accordance with the Group’s policy.
Communication with shareholders
Presentations and webcasts on the development of the business are available to all shareholders on the Company’s corporate website. The Company also uses email alerts and actively promotes downloading of all reports enhancing speed and equality of shareholder communication.
The Company is committed to maintaining and improving dialogue with shareholders in order to ensure that the objectives of both the Group and the shareholders are understood.
A programme of meetings with institutional shareholders, fund managers and analysts takes place each year. The Company also makes presentations to analysts and investors around the time of the half year and full year results announcement; conference calls are held with analysts and investors following the announcement of the first quarter and third quarter results, and on occasion, following the announcement of the fourth quarter results, and presentations are made during the year to many existing or potential shareholders. During the year, various members of the Board have met with institutional shareholders and representative bodies, reinforcing the continuation of open dialogue and discussion of strategy between the Board and its shareholders. Non-Executive Directors are offered the opportunity to attend meetings with major shareholders and are expected to attend if required.
The Board views the AGM as an opportunity to communicate with private investors and sets aside time at these meetings for shareholders to ask questions of the Board. All members of the Board attended the 2006 AGM. At the AGM, the Chairman provides a brief résumé of the Company’s activities for the previous year to the shareholders. The Company, in accordance with the Combined Code, announces the number of proxy votes cast on resolutions at the AGM. For each resolution put forward at the AGM, proxy appointment forms provide shareholders with the option to direct their proxy to vote either for or against the resolution or to withhold their vote. The proxy form and any announcement of the results of a vote makes it clear that a ‘vote withheld’ is not a vote in law and will not be counted in the calculation of the proportion of the votes for or against the resolution.
Directors’ responsibilities
The responsibilities of the Directors are set out on page 50.
Report on directors’ remuneration
1. Remuneration Committee
1.1 Role of the Remuneration Committee and terms of reference
The Remuneration Committee (the “Committee”) is responsible for recommendations to the Board regarding:
• | The design and implementation of incentive compensation arrangements includingshare-based schemes; |
• | Remuneration packages for Executive Directors of the Company, including basic salary,performance-based bonus and long-term incentives, pensions and other benefits; and |
• | The Company’s policy on remuneration for Board Directors and other SeniorExecutives of the Group who report directly to the CEO. In the latter case, decisionsshall be the subject of recommendation to the Committee by the CEO. |
The Committee sets the performance targets applicable to incentive compensation arrangements. As part of this process, it seeks to ensure that such packages provide employees with appropriate incentives to perform, reflect their positions and roles within the Group, and that the employees are, in a fair and reasonable manner, rewarded for their individual contributions to the success of the Group. Payments or benefits offered to employees in excess of £250,000 which do not form part of an employee’s expected remuneration or benefits require the approval of the Committee.
The Committee met four times during the year.
The full terms of reference for the Committee are available on the Company’s website.
1.2 Membership of the Committee
The Committee comprised the following independent Non-Executive Directors throughout the year ended 30 June 2007:
• | David Evans |
• | Nicholas Ferguson (Chairman) |
• | Jacques Nasser |
During the year, the Committee sought the advice of James Murdoch, the CEO, on matters relating to the Executive Directors and Senior Executives who report to him and advice from the Director of People and Organisational Development; the Committee was supported by the Company Secretary, and the finance function. The CEO was not present when matters affecting his remuneration were considered. The Chairman, Rupert Murdoch, did not attend any Committee meetings during the year.
2. Advisors
The Committee has engaged the services of both a lead adviser Patterson Associates LLP. and a support adviser New Bridge Street Consultants LLP. The lead adviser advises the Committee and the Company on overall direction and acts as the primary lead for advice. The support adviser advises on share based awards, performance monitoring, remuneration data and accounting including IFRS and US GAAP for any existing or new incentives and remuneration schemes and provides analytical support. The support adviser works in conjunction with the lead adviser.
3. Remuneration policy
The Committee’s reward policy reflects its aim to align Executive Directors’ remuneration with shareholders’ interests and to engage and retain world-class executive talent for the benefit of the Group. The main principles of the policy are that:
• | Total rewards should be set at appropriate levels to reflect the competitive market inwhich the Group operates. |
• | The majority of the total reward should be linked to the achievement of demandingperformance targets. |
• | Appropriate benchmarks are used when reviewing the salaries of the ExecutiveDirectors and Senior Executives. The Company uses a subset of the FTSE 100 asits benchmark. |
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Report on directors’ remuneration
continued
In formulating its remuneration policy, the Committee is keen to understand shareholders’ views on executive remuneration. From time to time, the Company holds consultation meetings with a range of institutional investors, concerning aspects of the Committee’s policy, and has taken their advice into account in arriving at remuneration decisions.
The Committee believes that performance share awards continue to be the best long-term incentive vehicle for Executive Directors and Senior Executives. The Committee also believes that the Group’s historically strong operational performance has led investors to expect continued excellence in operational delivery. Accordingly, 70% of the Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) vests based on operational performance, while 30% vests based on Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) relative to the constituents of the FTSE 100. The operational performance conditions chosen include earnings per share (“EPS”), free cash flow per share (“FCF”) and Direct to Home (“DTH”) subscriber growth.
All LTIP programmes are now measured over three years using the performance measures described above for the LTIP.
The Committee also recognises that the interactions between different areas of the business in creating long-term shareholder value are complex. Rather than Senior Executives being incentivised primarily through measures relevant to their own business area, their remuneration emphasises a critical set of Group-wide goals in order to maximise the benefits of teamwork and collaboration across the Group.
The Executive Directors of the Company are employed on twelve-month rolling contracts.
4. Elements of Executive Director remuneration
4.1 Remuneration Mix
The Executive Directors’ and Senior Executives’ total direct compensation consists of salary, annual bonus, long-term incentives, pensions and other benefits. This reward structure is regularly reviewed by the Committee to ensure that it continues to support the Group’s objectives.
Overview of current remuneration elements for executives, including Executive Directors
| Element | | Objective | | Performance conditions | |
| Basic salary (see section 4.2) | | Reflects the marketvalue of the position, aswell as the skills andexperience of theincumbent | | Reviewed annually on the basis ofexternal market benchmarking and/orreference to internal positioning | |
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| Annual bonus (see section 4.3) | | Rewards achievement ofshort-term objectives setduring the year | | Cash award is subject to achievementof team and individual objectives. ForExecutive Directors, award is whollydependent on group-level objectives(Earnings, cash and subscribergrowth). | |
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| LTIP (see section 4.4) | | Rewards theachievement of long-term objectives | | 30% of the award is subject toachievement of relative TSRperformance vs. the FTSE 100 overthree years. 70% of the award issubject to achievement of operatingtargets for EPS, FCF and DTHsubscriber growth. | |
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| Pension and other benefits (see sections 6 and 7) | | Set below marketnorms, to reflect higherproportion ofperformance pay. | | Not applicable | |
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Performance-related elements of pay represent a higher proportion of remuneration than market norms. This, combined with the fact that BSkyB’s pension arrangements for Executive Directors are considerably less generous than those found at comparable companies, means that a large amount of pay is at risk. Pay is very competitive if BSkyB’s stretching targets are delivered, but if these targets are not met, the ‘guaranteed’ elements of pay are below market norms.
The proportions of fixed and variable pay vary with performance outcomes. However, for target performance, approximately three-quarters of Executive Directors’ remuneration is performance-related in the year ended 30 June 2007, as shown by the chart below:
Remuneration mix
Notes to chart: |
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• | FTSE Comparator Group is the ten companies above and ten companies below BSkyBin the FTSE 100, ranked by market capitalisation on 31 May 2007. |
• | Comparator pay data was taken from the most recently available annual reports at31 May 2007. |
• | Annual bonus valuation assumes on-target performance. |
• | LTIP valuation assumes annualised expected value, where expected value is face valueat the time of grant, discounted to reflect expected vesting for target performance. |
4.2 Basic salary
The basic salary for each Executive Director and Senior Executive is determined by the Committee taking into account the recommendations of the CEO (other than in respect of his own salary) and information provided from external sources relative to the industry sectors in which the Group operates. Salaries for the CEO and CFO are periodically benchmarked against equivalent roles in comparable companies.
The increase in the CEO’s salary from 2006 to 2007 was 15%, while the CFO’s salary was increased by 5%, reflecting the Committee’s view of the appropriate base salary for roles of this complexity in a rapidly evolving business environment, taking into account a range of market benchmarks as described above.
4.3 Annual bonus
Executive Directors and Senior Executives participate in a bonus scheme under which awards are made to participants at the discretion of the Committee. For the Executive Directors the level of bonus paid depends purely on Group-wide operational performance measures, specifically: operating profit, FCF and DTH Subscriber Growth. These measures were chosen to reflect the tensions inherent in balancing growth, investment and returns to shareholders: an improvement in one measure may come at the expense of improvement in another.
For the CEO, the maximum bonus that may be awarded is 200% of salary, and for on-target performance, he would receive 130% of salary, while for the CFO, these percentages are 160% and 110% respectively.
For performance in the year ended 30 June 2007, which exceeded target by a substantial margin, the CEO and CFO were awarded the following bonus payments:
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| | Bonus | | As a % of | |
| | amount (£) | | salary | |
| CEO | 1,900,000 | | 200% | |
| CFO | 840,000 | | 160% | |
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For the year 1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008, the operational measures that will govern bonus payouts will again be: operating profit, FCF, and DTH Subscriber growth.
Although bonus awards are primarily driven by performance relative to the stated targets, the Committee retain the discretion to adjust payouts, as an exception, if they feel that an important aspect of performance has not been reflected.
4.4 LTIP
The Company operates an LTIP for Executive Directors and Senior Executives, under which awards may be made to any employee or full-time Executive Director of the Group at the discretion of the Committee. Awards under the scheme are made as a nil priced option. Awards are not transferable or pensionable and are made over a number of shares in the Company, determined by the Committee. LTIP awards are satisfied using shares purchased in the market.
Design of LTIP plan
The LTIP has a structure tailored to the needs of the Company in which grants are made every year, but vesting occurs biennially, designed to reduce Executives’ reliance on annual vesting of LTIP awards. In the first year, an Executive is granted an award of shares that vests at the end of the three year performance cycle, subject to performance conditions. In the second year, a further discretionary award of up to 100% of the year one award can be made. This award vests at the same time as the first award. While second year grants are linked to the previous year and therefore capped, the size of first year grants is determined by the Committee on the basis of a range of factors including internal and external market benchmarks. The grant is made in terms of a number of shares (as opposed to a monetary value) and therefore values in relation to salary may vary with share price movements.
Performance conditions for LTIP plan
The awards vest, in full or in part, dependent on points gained for satisfying performance targets. Performance targets are calibrated to ensure the achievement of Sky’s stretching long-term goals, and the cumulative total points achieved governs vesting. The extent to which performance targets have been met is reviewed by the Committee regularly, and at the date of vesting of each award.
Awards Vesting in August 2007
The Awards made in 2004 and 2005 are due to vest on 11August 2007 subject to the following performance criteria and targets being met at the time of vesting:
i) Operational performance
70% of the award is based on operational measures:
• | EPS Growth |
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• | Free Cash Flow per share |
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• | Growth in DTH subscriber numbers. |
Points are awarded for performance according to each of these measures, and the total number of points awarded governs the extent of vesting of the operational portion, as described below.
For the awards vesting in 2007, the points available for operational performance were as follows:
EPS growth | | Free cash flow per share | | DTH subscriber growth | |
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| Performance | | Points | | achieved | | Points | | achieved | | Points | |
| achieved | | awarded | | (% of target) | | awarded | | (% of target) | | awarded | |
| RPI +7%pa | | 8 | | 100% | | 8 | | 100% | | 8 | |
| RPI +6%pa | | 6 | | 95% | | 6 | | 95% | | 6 | |
| RPI +5%pa | | 4 | | 90% | | 4 | | 90% | | 4 | |
| RPI +4%pa | | 2 | | 85% | | 2 | | 85% | | 2 | |
| RPI +3%pa | | 1 | | 75% | | 1 | | 75% | | 1 | |
| Less than RPI +3%pa | | 0 | | Less than 75% | | 0 | | Less than 75% | | 0 | |
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The points from all three measures are added together, and the operational portion of the LTIP grant vests according to the following schedule:
| | Resulting vesting | |
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| | portion of | | (% of overall | |
| Total points awarded | LTIP award) | | LTIP award) | |
| 21 – 24 | 100% | | 70% | |
| 17– 20 | 80% | | 56% | |
| 13– 16 | 60% | | 42% | |
| 9– 12 | 40% | | 28% | |
| 5– 8 | 20% | | 14% | |
| 0– 4 | 0% | | 0% | |
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During the three year period ended 30 June 2007, the Company exceeded the DTH subscriber growth and free cash flow per share targets by an average of 109% and 106% respectively. In addition, the EPS growth of the Company over the three year period exceeded the maximum RPI target of RPI + 7% p.a. by 142%. Accordingly, maximum points were achieved on each of these measures. Therefore 100% of the operational portion of the LTIP vested (which is 70% of the overall LTIP award).
ii) TSR Performance
30% of the award vests dependent on TSR performance over the three year performance period, relative to the constituents of the FTSE 100 at the time of grant. If the Company’s TSR performance is below median, the TSR element of the award lapses with no vesting. For median performance, one third of the TSR portion of the award vests. For performance in the upper quartile, the whole TSR portion of the award vests.
For performance between median and upper quartile, vesting is on a straight-line basis, as shown in the chart below:
TSR calculations are conducted independently by New Bridge Street Consultants LLP, employing a methodology which averages share prices over three months prior to grants and the three months prior to the end of the three year performance period.
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Report on directors’ remuneration
continued
Despite the strong operational performance of the Company during the three year period ending 10 August 2007, the TSR performance to date has been below median and accordingly none of the TSR portion of the LTIP awards made in 2004 and 2005 are expected to vest.
Awards Vesting in August 2009
Awards were made in August 2006 to Executive Directors as detailed in section 13 LTIP of this report. These awards reflected market benchmarks and the Committee’s desire to ensure incentive compensation for Executive Directors was tied to an appropriate mix of long-term, stretching performance goals.
For the TSR portion of the award, the performance condition operates in exactly the same way as that described above for the awards vesting this year.
For the operational portion of the award, the same performance measures apply as in previous years. However, the Committee has made some minor alterations to the way points and consequent vesting are calculated.
First it is now possible to achieve up to ten points for each performance measure if targets are exceeded, while eight points are achieved for stretching target performance (whereas previously, eight points was the maximum possible, for stretching target performance or above).
For a maximum award for the EPS portion of the LTIP, the EPS growth targets are based on growth above RPI. Details of targets for the FCF and DTH measures are withheld for commercial reasons.
Second the vesting of the LTIP award based on the total points achieved is now calculated on a straight-line basis, rather than steps.
5. Other share plans
5.1 Management Long Term Incentive Plan (“Management LTIP”)
The Company now operates a Management LTIP, which has replaced options granted under the Executive Share Option Scheme. It is intended that selected employees will participate in the Management LTIP, but this will not include any Executive Directors or Senior Executives who participate in the LTIP. Awards under this scheme are made at the discretion of the CEO. The Management LTIP mirrors the LTIP for Senior Executives and Executive Directors, with the same performance conditions. Awards that are exercised under the Management LTIP can only be satisfied by the delivery of shares purchased in the market.
5.2 Executive Share Option Schemes (“Executive Schemes”)
The Company has in place Approved and Unapproved Executive Share Option Schemes under Her Majesty’s Revenue & Customs (“HMRC”) guidelines.
Executive Directors and Senior Executives who participate in the LTIP do not participate in the Executive Schemes. No options have been issued since 2004 and the Company currently has no intention of making grants under the Executive Scheme in the foreseeable future.
5.3 Sharesave Scheme
The Sharesave Scheme is open to all UK and Irish employees, including Executive Directors. Options are normally exercisable after either three, five or seven years from the date of grant. The price at which options are offered is not less than 80% of the middle-market price on the dealing day immediately preceding the date of invitation. It is the policy of the Group to make an invitation to employees to participate in the scheme following the announcement of the year end results.
6. Pensions
The Group provides pensions to eligible employees through the BSkyB Pension Plan (“Pension Plan”), which is a defined contribution plan. Employees contribute a minimum of 4% of pensionable salary into the Pension Plan each year and the Group matches this with a contribution of 8% of pensionable salary.
7. Other benefits
Executive Directors are entitled to use of a company car, life assurance equal to two times base salary, increased to four times base salary when they become members of the Pension Plan, and private medical insurance.
8. Service agreements
Policy
The Committee introduced a policy that Executive Directors’ service agreements will contain a maximum notice period of one year. The Committee will also consider, where appropriate to do so, reducing remuneration to a departing Director. However, the Committee will consider such issues on a case by case basis and will consider the terms of employment of a departing Director. A large proportion of each Executive Director’s total direct remuneration is linked to performance and therefore will not be payable to the extent that the relevant targets are not met.
James Murdoch
James Murdoch has a service agreement with the Company which commenced on 27 November 2003 and shall continue unless, or until, terminated by either party giving to the other not less than twelve months’ notice in writing. James Murdoch’s remuneration consists of a base salary of £950,000 per annum. James Murdoch will be paid a bonus amount depending upon the performance criteria adopted by the Committee for each financial year during the continuance of his service agreement with the Company.
James Murdoch is also entitled to other benefits, namely pension benefits, company car, life assurance equal to four times base salary, medical insurance, an entitlement to participate in the LTIP, and was formerly entitled to a relocation allowance (“Expense Allowance”) of £200,000 per annum which ended on 27 November 2006.
James Murdoch has a non-compete clause in his service agreement specifying that he shall not be able to work for any business or prospective business carried on within the UK, which wholly or partially competes with the Group’s businesses at the date of termination of his agreement. Such restriction will now run for a period of twelve months.
On termination of the agreement, James Murdoch will be entitled to one year’s salary, pension and life assurance benefits from the date of termination, and will also be entitled to a pro-rata bonus up to the date of termination. James Murdoch would be entitled to a bonus in full if he was able to terminate his employment for cause.
Jeremy Darroch
Jeremy Darroch has a service contract with the Company that commenced on 16 August 2004 and shall continue unless, or until, terminated by either party giving to the other not less than twelve months’ notice in writing. Jeremy Darroch’s remuneration consists of a base salary of £525,000 per annum. Jeremy Darroch will be paid a bonus amount depending upon the performance criteria adopted by the Committee for each financial year during the continuance of his service agreement with the Company.
Jeremy Darroch is also entitled to other benefits, namely pension benefits, company car, life assurance equal to four times base salary, medical insurance and an entitlement to participate in the LTIP.
Jeremy Darroch has a non-compete clause in his service agreement specifying that he shall not be able to work for any business or prospective business carried on within the UK, which wholly or partially competes with the Group’s businesses at the date of termination of his agreement. Such restriction will be for a period of twelve months.
On termination of the agreement, Jeremy Darroch will be entitled to one year’s salary, pension and life assurance benefits from the date of termination and a pro-rata bonus up to the date of termination. Jeremy Darroch would be entitled to a bonus in full if he was able to terminate his employment for cause.
Jeremy Darroch is a Non-Executive Director of Marks & Spencer Group plc and retained fees for this appointment of £65,333 for the year ended 30 June 2007.
9. Non-Executive Directors
The basic fees payable to the Non-Executive Directors and the Chairman set by the Board of Directors for the financial year ended 30 June 2008 are £50,000 (2007: £44,700). During the year the Committee on behalf of the Board of Directors reviewed the fees paid to the Non-Executive Directors of the Company. It was noted that the fees paid to
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non-executive directors as a whole had increased significantly since 2003 with an increase of 45% across the FTSE100. In order for the Board to attract and retain Non-Executive Directors of the highest calibre it was noted that the fees paid to the Company’s Non-Executive Directors would need to increase significantly to remain market competitive. The Committee also recommended to the Board that the current policy of adjusting fees by the higher of RPI or 5% was too rigid and that this should be reviewed on an annual basis and benchmarked against market data. The Committee recommended and the Board agreed that basic Non-Executive Directors fees for the financial year ending 30 June 2008 should increase to £50,000. Furthermore the Non-Executive Directors will be paid an additional £10,000 (2007: £5,000) per annum each for membership of the Audit Committee, the Remuneration Committee and the Corporate Governance and Nominations Committee. The Chairman and the Chairmen of the Audit Committee, the Remuneration Committee and the Corporate Governance and Nominations Committee each receive an additional £25,000 per annum (2007: £10,000). The Deputy Chairman will receive an additional fee of £10,000 per annum (2007: nil). Finally the Senior Independent Director will receive an additional fee of £15,000 per annum (2007: £10,000). Each Non-Executive Director is engaged by the Company for an initial term of three years. Re-appointment for a further term is not automatic, but may be mutually agreed.
10. Performance graph
The following graph shows the Company’s performance measured by TSR to 30 June 2007. This graph shows the growth in the value of a hypothetical £100 holding in the Company’s ordinary shares over five years, relative to three indices, which are considered to be the most relevant broad equity market indices for this purpose. The graph is included to meet a legislative requirement and is not directly relevant to the performance criteria approved by shareholders for the Company’s long-term incentive plans.
Breakdown of shareholder return from 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2007
11. Share interests
The interests of the Directors in the ordinary share capital of the Company during the year were:
| | At | | | At | | |
| | 30 June | | | 30 June | | |
| Name of Director | 2007 | | | 2006 | | |
| David Evans | 16,000 | * | | 16,000 | * | |
| Nicholas Ferguson | 10,000 | | | 10,000 | | |
| Andrew Higginson | 2,104 | | | 2,055 | | |
| Lord Rothschild | 100,000 | | | 100,000 | | |
| Lord Wilson of Dinton | 486 | | | 486 | | |
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* | Held in the form of 4,000 ADSs (“American Depositary Share”), one ADS is equivalent to four ordinary shares. |
Lord Rothschild is also deemed to be interested in 2 million ordinary shares registered in the name of Bank of New York Nominees, as a result of being a director of RIT Capital Partners plc; and in 18,750 ordinary shares as a result of being a trustee of two charitable foundations of which Lord Rothschild is not a beneficiary.
Except as disclosed in this report, no other Director held any interest in the share capital, including options, of the Company, or of any subsidiary of the Company, during the year. All interests at the date shown are beneficial and there have been no changes between 1 July 2007 and 26 July 2007. At 30 June 2007, the Employee Share Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) was interested in 8,609,139 ordinary shares in which the Executive Directors who are employees are deemed to be interested by virtue of Section 324 of the Companies Act 1985 (see note 24 of the consolidated financial statements). At 26 July 2007, the ESOP was interested in 8,185,777 ordinary shares.
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Report on directors’ remuneration
continued
At 26 July 2007, 39.14% of the Company’s shares are held by News UK Nominees Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales which is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of News Corporation. According to News Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended 31 March 2007 filed with the SEC on 9 May 2007, as a result of Rupert Murdoch’s ability to appoint certain members of the Board of Directors of the corporate trustee of the Murdoch Family Trust, which beneficially owns 1.6% of News Corporation’s Class A Common Stock and 30.1% of its Class B Common Stock, Rupert Murdoch may be deemed to be a beneficial owner of the shares beneficially owned by the Murdoch Family Trust. Rupert Murdoch, however, disclaims any beneficial ownership of those shares. Also, Rupert Murdoch beneficially owns an additional 1.1% of News Corporation’s Class A Common Stock and 1.1% of its Class B Common Stock. Thus, Rupert Murdoch may be deemed to beneficially own in the aggregate 2.7% of News Corporation’s Class A Common Stock and 31.2% of its Class B Common Stock.
During the year ended 30 June 2007, the share price traded within the range of 517.5p to 663.5p per share. The middle-market closing price on the last working day of the financial year was 640p.
12. Directors’ Remuneration
The emoluments of the Directors for the year are shown below:
| | | | | | | | Total | | | | Total | | Total | | Total | |
| | | | | | | | emoluments | | | | emoluments | | emoluments | | emoluments | |
| | Salary and | | Bonus | | | | before | | | | including | | including | | including | |
| | fees | | scheme | (iii) | Benefits | | pension 2007 | | Pensions | | pension 2007 | | pension 2006 | | pension 2005 | |
| | £ | | £ | | £ | | £ | | £ | | £ | | £ | | £ | |
| Executive | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| James Murdoch | 950,000 | | 1,900,000 | | 67,474 | | 2,917,474 | | 75,650 | | 2,993,124 | | 2,749,285 | | 2,226,377 | |
| Jeremy Darroch | 525,000 | | 840,000 | | 17,103 | | 1,382,103 | | 41,649 | | 1,423,752 | | 1,324,958 | | 1,127,217 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Non-Executive | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Rupert Murdoch | 54,700 | | – | | – | | 54,700 | | – | | 54,700 | | 52,600 | | 45,400 | |
| Chase Carey | 44,700 | | – | | – | | 44,700 | | – | | 44,700 | | 42,600 | | 40,600 | |
| David DeVoe | 44,700 | | – | | – | | 44,700 | | – | | 44,700 | | 42,600 | | 40,150 | |
| David Evans | 49,700 | | – | | – | | 49,700 | | – | | 49,700 | | 47,600 | | 45,600 | |
| Nick Ferguson | 59,700 | | – | | – | | 59,700 | | – | | 59,700 | | 51,805 | | 45,600 | |
| Andy Higginson | 49,700 | | – | | – | | 49,700 | | – | | 49,700 | | 47,600 | | 38,000 | |
| Allan Leighton | 59,700 | | – | | – | | 59,700 | | – | | 59,700 | | 57,600 | | 50,600 | |
| Jacques Nasser | 49,700 | | – | | – | | 49,700 | | – | | 49,700 | | 53,395 | | 50,700 | |
| Gail Rebuck | 49,700 | | – | | – | | 49,700 | | – | | 49,700 | | 47,600 | | 45,600 | |
| Lord Rothschild | 59,700 | | – | | – | | 59,700 | | – | | 59,700 | | 57,600 | | 50,600 | |
| Arthur Siskind | 49,700 | | – | | – | | 49,700 | | – | | 49,700 | | 47,600 | | 45,400 | |
| Lord Wilson of Dinton | 59,700 | | – | | – | | 59,700 | | – | | 59,700 | | 57,600 | | 50,600 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Former Directors | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Lord St John of Fawsley(i) | 15,244 | | – | | – | | 15,244 | | – | | 15,244 | | 42,600 | | 50,400 | |
| Martin Stewart(ii) | – | | – | | – | | – | | – | | – | | – | | 2,317,127 | |
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| Total emoluments | 2,121,644 | | 2,740,000 | | 84,577 | | 4,946,221 | | £117,299 | | 5,063,520 | | 4,723,043 | | 6,269,971 | |
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Notes: |
(i) | Lord St John of Fawsley resigned as a Director of the Company on 3 November 2006. |
(ii) | Martin Stewart resigned as a Director of the Company on 4 August 2004. |
(iii) | The amounts shown above are those which have been approved by the Committee for the year ended 30 June 2007. |
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13. LTIP
Details of outstanding awards to Executive Directors under the LTIP are shown below:
| | Number of shares under award | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Market | | | | | | | |
| | At | | Granted | | Exercised | | Lapsed | | At | | | | price at | | | | Date from | | | |
| | 30 June | | during the | | during the | | during the | | 30 June | | Exercise | | date of | | Date of | | which | | Expiry | |
| Name of Director | 2006 | | year | | year | | year | | 2007 | | price | | exercise | | award | | exercisable | | date | |
| James Murdoch | 450,000 | | – | | – | | – | | 450,000 | | n/a | | n/a | | 11.08.04 | | 11.08.07 | | 11.08.08 | |
| | 382,500 | | – | | – | | – | | 382,500 | | n/a | | n/a | | 08.11.05 | | 11.08.07 | | 11.08.08 | |
| | – | | 550,000 | | – | | – | | 550,000 | | n/a | | n/a | | 03.08.06 | | 03.08.09 | | 03.08.10 | |
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| Jeremy Darroch | 250,000 | | – | | – | | – | | 250,000 | | n/a | | n/a | | 16.08.04 | | 16.08.07 | | 16.08.08 | |
| | 212,500 | | – | | – | | – | | 212,500 | | n/a | | n/a | | 08.11.05 | | 16.08.07 | | 16.08.08 | |
| | – | | 290,000 | | – | | – | | 290,000 | | n/a | | n/a | | 03.08.06 | | 03.08.09 | | 03.08.10 | |
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Notes: The performance conditions attaching to these awards are set out in section 4.4 (LTIP)
The Company’s middle market closing price on 3 August 2006 was 542.5p.
14. Sharesave Scheme options
Details of all outstanding options held under the Sharesave Scheme are shown below:
| | Number of shares under options | | | | | | | |
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| | | | Granted | | Exercised | | | | | | Date from | | | |
| | At 30 June | | during the | | during the | | At 30 June | | | | which | | | |
| Name of Director | 2006 | | year | | year | | 2007 | | Exercise price | | exercisable | | Expiry date | |
| Jeremy Darroch | 4,281 | | – | | – | | 4,281 | | £3.86 | | 01.02.10 | | 01.08.10 | |
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Options under the Company’s Sharesave Scheme are not subject to performance conditions.
Signed on behalf of the Board
Nicholas Ferguson
Remuneration Committee Chairman
26 July 2007
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Consolidated financial statements |
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Statement of Directors’ responsibility
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report, Report on Directors’ remuneration and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
Company law requires the Directors to prepare consolidated financial statements for each financial year. The Directors are required by the IAS Regulation to prepare the group financial statements under IFRSs as adopted by the European Union and have also elected to prepare financial statements for the Company in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union. The financial statements are also required by law to be properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 1985 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation.
International Accounting Standard 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements” (“IAS 1”) requires that financial statements present fairly, for each financial year, the Company’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. This requires the faithful representation of the effects of transactions, other events and conditions in accordance with the definitions and recognition criteria for assets, liabilities, income and expense set out in the International Accounting Standards Board’s “Framework for the preparation and presentation of financial statements”. In virtually all circumstances, a fair presentation will be achieved by compliance with all applicable IFRSs. However, Directors are also required to:
• | properly select and apply accounting policies; |
• | present information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides relevant,reliable, comparable and understandable information; and |
• | provide additional disclosures when compliance with the specific requirements inIFRSs are insufficient to enable users to understand the impact of particulartransactions, other events and conditions on the entity’s financial position andfinancial performance. |
The Directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records that disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 1985. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the Company’s website. Legislation in the UK governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Members of:
British Sky Broadcasting Group plc
Grant Way, Isleworth
Middlesex TW7 5QD
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of British Sky Broadcasting Group plc and subsidiaries (collectively, “the Group”) as of 30 June 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated income statements, statements of recognised income and expense, and cash flow statements for each of the three years in the period ended 30 June 2007 (all expressed in pounds sterling). These financial statements are the responsibility of the Group’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of British Sky Broadcasting Group plc and subsidiaries at 30 June 2007 and 2006, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended 30 June 2007, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by the European Union and IFRS as issued by the IASB.
IFRS vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Information relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented in Note 31 to the consolidated financial statements.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control over financial reporting as of 30 June 2007, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated 26 July 2007 expressed an unqualified opinion on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control over financial reporting and an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control over financial reporting.
Deloitte & Touche LLP
London, United Kingdom
26 July 2007
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Members of:
British Sky Broadcasting Group plc
Grant Way, Isleworth
Middlesex TW7 5QD
We have audited management’s assessment, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, that British Sky Broadcasting Group plc and subsidiaries (collectively, “the Group”) maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of 30 June 2007 based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Group’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on management’s assessment and an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, management’s assessment that the Group maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of 30 June 2007, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Also in our opinion, the Group maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of 30 June 2007, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended 30 June 2007 of the Group and our report dated 26 July 2007, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and included an explanatory paragraph relating to the nature and effect of differences between International Financial Reporting Standards and the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Deloitte & Touche LLP
London, United Kingdom
26 July 2007
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Consolidated Income Statement for the year ended 30 June 2007
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| | | | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | Notes | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
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| Revenue | 2 | | 4,551 | | 4,148 | | 3,842 | |
| Operating expense | 3 | | (3,736 | ) | (3,271 | ) | (3,020 | ) |
| Operating profit | | | 815 | | 877 | | 822 | |
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| Share of results of joint ventures and associates | 14 | | 12 | | 12 | | 14 | |
| Investment income | 4 | | 46 | | 52 | | 29 | |
| Finance costs | 4 | | (149 | ) | (143 | ) | (87 | ) |
| Profit on disposal of joint venture | 5 | | – | | – | | 9 | |
| Profit before tax | 6 | | 724 | | 798 | | 787 | |
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| Taxation | 8 | | (225 | ) | (247 | ) | (209 | ) |
| Profit for the year | | | 499 | | 551 | | 578 | |
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| Earnings per share from profit for the year (in pence) | | | | | | | | |
| Basic | 9 | | 28.4p | | 30.2p | | 30.2p | |
| Diluted | 9 | | 28.2p | | 30.1p | | 30.2p | |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated income statement.
Consolidated Statement of Recognised Income and Expense for the year ended 30 June 2007
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| | Notes | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
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| Profit for the year | | | 499 | | 551 | | 578 | |
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| Net (losses) gains recognised directly in equity | | | | | | | | |
| Loss on available-for-sale investments | 15 | | (151 | ) | – | | – | |
| Cash flow hedges | | | (70 | ) | (160 | ) | (22 | ) |
| Tax on cash flow hedges | | | 21 | | 48 | | 6 | |
| | | | (200 | ) | (112 | ) | (16 | ) |
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| Amounts reclassified and reported in the income statement | | | | | | | | |
| Cash flow hedges | | | 109 | | 106 | | 4 | |
| Tax on cash flow hedges | | | (33 | ) | (32 | ) | (1 | ) |
| | | | 76 | | 74 | | 3 | |
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| Net losses recognised directly in equity | | | (124 | ) | (38 | ) | (13 | ) |
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| Total recognised income and expense for the year | | | 375 | | 513 | | 565 | |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated statement of recognised income and expense.
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Consolidated Balance Sheetas at 30 June 2007
| | | | | | | |
| | | | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | Notes | | £m | | £m | |
| | | | | | | |
| Non-current assets | | | | | | |
| Goodwill | 11 | | 741 | | 637 | |
| Intangible assets | 12 | | 261 | | 218 | |
| Property, plant and equipment | 13 | | 670 | | 519 | |
| Investments in joint ventures and associates | 14 | | 34 | | 28 | |
| Available-for-sale investments | 15 | | 797 | | 2 | |
| Deferred tax assets | 16 | | 54 | | 100 | |
| | | | 2,557 | | 1,504 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current assets | | | | | | |
| Inventories | 17 | | 384 | | 324 | |
| Trade and other receivables | 18 | | 524 | | 489 | |
| Short-term deposits | 22 | | 15 | | 647 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 22 | | 435 | | 816 | |
| Derivative financial assets | 22 | | 5 | | 7 | |
| | | | 1,363 | | 2,283 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total assets | | | 3,920 | | 3,787 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current liabilities | | | | | | |
| Borrowings | 21 | | 16 | | 163 | |
| Trade and other payables | 19 | | 1,295 | | 1,247 | |
| Current tax liabilities | | | 144 | | 82 | |
| Provisions | 20 | | 8 | | 6 | |
| Derivative financial liabilities | 22 | | 36 | | 49 | |
| | | | 1,499 | | 1,547 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-current liabilities | | | | | | |
| Borrowings | 21 | | 2,014 | | 1,825 | |
| Other payables | 21 | | 84 | | 66 | |
| Provisions | 20 | | 18 | | 19 | |
| Derivative financial liabilities | 22 | | 258 | | 209 | |
| | | | 2,374 | | 2,119 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total liabilities | | | 3,873 | | 3,666 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Shareholders’ equity | 24 | | 47 | | 121 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | | 3,920 | | 3,787 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated balance sheet.
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Consolidated Cash Flow Statementfor the year ended 30 June 2007
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | Notes | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| Cash flows from operating activities | | | | | | | | |
| Cash generated from operations | 25 | | 1,007 | | 1,004 | | 989 | |
| Interest received | | | 46 | | 43 | | 28 | |
| Taxation paid | | | (128 | ) | (172 | ) | (103 | ) |
| Net cash from operating activities | | | 925 | | 875 | | 914 | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash flows from investing activities | | | | | | | | |
| Dividends received from joint ventures and associates | | | 9 | | 7 | | 12 | |
| Net funding (to) from joint ventures and associates | | | (3 | ) | (2 | ) | 4 | |
| Proceeds from the sale of a joint venture | | | – | | – | | 14 | |
| Proceeds from the sale of equity investments | | | – | | – | | 1 | |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipment | | | (292 | ) | (169 | ) | (149 | ) |
| Purchase of intangible assets | | | (64 | ) | (43 | ) | (92 | ) |
| Purchase of available-for-sale investments | | | (947 | ) | – | | – | |
| Purchase of subsidiaries (net of cash and cash equivalents purchased) | | | (104 | ) | (209 | ) | – | |
| Decrease (increase) in short-term deposits | | | 632 | | (453 | ) | (60 | ) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | | | (769 | ) | (869 | ) | (270 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash flows from financing activities | | | | | | | | |
| Proceeds from borrowings | | | 295 | | 1,014 | | – | |
| Repayment of borrowings | | | (192 | ) | – | | – | |
| Proceeds from disposal of shares in Employee Share Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) | | | 37 | | 13 | | 4 | |
| Purchase of own shares for ESOP | | | (76 | ) | (17 | ) | (14 | ) |
| Purchase of own shares for cancellation | | | (214 | ) | (408 | ) | (416 | ) |
| Interest paid | | | (154 | ) | (105 | ) | (91 | ) |
| Dividends paid to shareholders | | | (233 | ) | (191 | ) | (138 | ) |
| Net cash (used in) from financing activities | | | (537 | ) | 306 | | (655 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Effect of foreign exchange rate movements | | | – | | 1 | | 1 | |
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | (381 | ) | 313 | | (10 | ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year | | | 816 | | 503 | | 513 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year | | | 435 | | 816 | | 503 | |
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|
|
|
|
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|
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated cash flow statement.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
1. Accounting policies
British Sky Broadcasting Group plc (the “Company”) is a limited liability company incorporated in England and Wales, and domiciled in the United Kingdom (“UK”). The consolidated financial statements include the Company and its subsidiaries (together, the “Group”) and its interests in associates and jointly-controlled entities.
a) Statement of compliance
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by the European Union (“EU”), the Companies Act 1985 and Article 4 of the International Accounting Standard (“IAS”) Regulations. In addition, the Group also complied with IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). IFRS differs in certain material respects from United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“US GAAP”) – see note 31.
The following IFRSs were adopted from the 1 July 2004, the date of transition to IFRS (the “Transition Date”), which is earlier than required under the IFRS transitional provisions: IAS 32 “Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation”, IAS 39 “Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement”, IFRS 2 “Share-based Payment” and IFRS 5 “Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations”.
b) Basis of preparation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and on an historical cost basis, except for the remeasurement to fair value of financial instruments as described in the accounting policies below.
The Group maintains a 52 or 53 week fiscal year ending on the Sunday nearest to 30 June in each year. In fiscal year 2007, this date was 1 July 2007, this being a 52 week year (fiscal year 2006: 2 July 2006, 52 week year; fiscal year 2005: 3 July 2005, 53 week year). For convenience purposes, the Group continues to date its consolidated financial statements as at 30 June. The Group has classified assets and liabilities as current when they are expected to be realised in, settled in, or intended for sale or consumption in, the normal operating cycle of the Group.
c) Basis of consolidation
i. Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Company. Control exists when the Company has the power, directly or indirectly, to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. Subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company from the date control of the subsidiary commences until the date that control ceases. Intra-group balances, and any unrealised gains and losses or income and expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements.
ii. Associates and joint ventures
Associates are entities where the Group has significant influence, but not control or joint control, over the financial and operating policies of the entity. Joint ventures are those entities which are jointly controlled by the Group under a contractual agreement with another party or parties.
These consolidated financial statements include the Group’s share of the total recognised gains and losses of associates and joint ventures using the equity method, from the date that significant influence or joint control commences to the date that it ceases, based on present ownership interests and excluding the possible exercise of potential voting rights,
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less any impairment losses (see accounting policy j). When the Group’s interest in an associate or joint venture has been reduced to nil because the Group’s share of losses exceeds its interest in the associate or joint venture, the Group only provides for additional losses to the extent that it has incurred legal or constructive obligations to fund such losses, or where the Group has made payments on behalf of the associate or joint venture. Where the disposal of an investment in an associate or joint venture is considered to be highly probable, the investment ceases to be equity accounted and, instead, is classified as held for sale and stated at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.
d) Goodwill
Business combinations that have occurred since the Transition Date are accounted for by applying the purchase method of accounting. Following this method, goodwill is initially recognised on consolidation, representing the difference between the fair value cost of the business combination and the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed. Where a business combination occurs in several stages, as a result of successive share purchases, the goodwill associated with each stage is calculated using fair value information at the date of each additional share purchase.
In respect of business combinations that occurred prior to the Transition Date, goodwill has been included at its deemed cost, as permitted by IFRS 1 “First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards”. Deemed cost represents the goodwill’s carrying value under the Group’s UK Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“UK GAAP”) accounting policies on the Transition Date. On disposal of a subsidiary, associate or joint venture, the attributable amount of goodwill is included in the determination of profit or loss on disposal, except for goodwill written off to reserves under UK GAAP prior to the Transition Date, which is not reinstated and is not included in determining any subsequent gain or loss on disposal.
Goodwill is stated at cost less any impairment losses and is tested, at least annually, for impairment, based on the recoverable amounts of the cash generating unit to which the goodwill has been allocated. Any impairment identified is recognised immediately in the income statement and is not subsequently reversed. The carrying amount of goodwill in respect of associates and joint ventures is included in the carrying amount of the investment in the associate or joint venture.
e) Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment (“PPE”)
i. Intangible assets
Research expenditure is recognised in operating expense in the income statement as the expenditure is incurred. Development expenditure (relating to the application of research knowledge to plan or design new or substantially improved products for sale or use within the business) is recognised as an intangible asset from the point at which it is probable that the Group has the intention and ability to generate future economic benefits from the development expenditure, that the development is technically feasible and that the subsequent expenditure can be measured reliably. Any other development expenditure is recognised in operating expense as incurred.
Other intangible assets, which are acquired by the Group separately or through a business combination, are initially stated at cost or fair value, respectively, less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses, other than those that are classified as held for sale, which are stated at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.
Amortisation of an intangible asset begins when the asset is available for use, and is charged to the income statement through operating expense on a straight-line basis over the intangible asset’s estimated useful life, principally being a period between three and ten years, unless the asset life is judged to be indefinite. If the useful life is indefinite or the asset is not yet available for use, no amortisation is charged and an impairment test is carried out at least annually. Other intangible assets are tested for impairment in line with accounting policy j below.
ii. Property, plant and equipment
Owned PPE is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses, (see accounting policy j), other than those items that are classified as held for sale, which are stated at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. When an item of PPE comprises major components having different useful economic lives, the components are accounted for as separate items of PPE.
Assets held under finance leases, which confer rights and obligations similar to those attached to owned assets, are treated as PPE (see accounting policy o).
The cost of PPE, less estimated residual value, is depreciated in operating expense on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life. Land, and assets that are not yet available for use, are not depreciated. Principal useful economic lives used for this purpose are:
Freehold buildings | 25 years |
Equipment, furniture and fixtures | 3 to 15 years |
Assets under finance leases and | Lesser of lease term and the useful economic |
leasehold improvements | life of the asset |
Borrowing costs are recognised in finance costs in the period in which they are incurred regardless of how the borrowings have been applied.
f) Derivative financial instruments and hedging activities
The Group uses a number of derivative financial instruments to hedge its exposure to fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange rates.
Derivatives are held at fair value from the date that a derivative contract is entered into. Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction. The fair value of derivative financial instruments is estimated with reference to the contracted value and the appropriate market value prevailing at the balance sheet date. Certain derivatives held by the Group which relate to highly probable forecast transactions (“hedged items”), which meet qualifying criteria under IAS 39, are designated as cash flow hedges or fair value hedges, and are subject to cash flow hedge accounting or fair value hedge accounting respectively. In certain circumstances, only the intrinsic value of a derivative has been designated as a cash flow hedge, with the remaining fair value not designated as a cash flow hedge. Certain other derivatives held by the Group do not meet the qualifying criteria for recognition for accounting purposes as hedges, despite this being their economic function. Changes in the fair values of these derivatives are recognised immediately in the income statement. The Group does not hold or issue derivatives for speculative purposes.
Derivatives that qualify for cash flow hedge accounting
Changes in the fair values of derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges (“cash flow hedging instruments”) are initially recognised in the hedging reserve. In circumstances where the derivative used is a currency option, only changes in the intrinsic value of the option are designated under the cash flow hedging relationship, with all other movements being recorded immediately in the income statement. Amounts accumulated in the hedging reserve are subsequently recognised in the income statement in the periods in which the related hedged items are recognised in the income statement.
At inception, the effectiveness of the Group’s cash flow hedges is assessed through a comparison of the principal terms of the hedging instrument and the underlying hedged item. The ongoing effectiveness of the Group’s cash flow hedges is assessed using the dollar-offset approach, with the expected cash flows of hedging instruments being compared to the expected cash flows of the hedged items. This assessment is used to demonstrate that each hedge relationship is expected to be highly effective on inception, has been highly effective in the period and is expected to continue to be highly effective in future periods. The measurement of hedge ineffectiveness for the Group’s hedging instruments is calculated using the hypothetical derivative method, with the fair values of the hedging instruments being compared to those of the hypothetical derivative that would result in the designated cash flow hedge achieving perfect hedge effectiveness. The excess of the cumulative change in the fair value of the actual hedging instrument compared to that of the hypothetical derivative is deemed to be hedge ineffectiveness, which is recognised in the income statement.
When a cash flow hedging instrument expires, is terminated or is exercised, or if a hedge no longer meets the qualifying criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing in the hedging reserve at that time remains in the hedging reserve and is recognised when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognised in the income statement, provided that the underlying transaction is still expected to occur. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that was reported in the hedging reserve is immediately recognised in the income statement and
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
1. Accounting policies (continued)
all future changes in the fair value of the cash flow hedging instruments are immediately recognised in the income statement.
Derivatives that qualify for fair value hedge accounting
The Group has designated certain derivatives as fair value hedges as defined under IAS 39. Any initial fair value associated with the derivative and subsequent movements in fair value are amortised over the life of the designated hedged items using the effective interest method. Any changes in the fair value of the derivatives are immediately recognised in the income statement. The carrying amount of the underlying hedged items are adjusted for any gain or loss in the fair value of the hedged risks, the gain or loss is recognised in the income statement, offsetting the gain or loss on the derivative.
Embedded derivatives
Derivatives embedded in other financial instruments or other host contracts are treated as separate derivatives when their risks and characteristics are not closely related to those of the host contracts and the host contracts are not carried at fair value, with unrealised gains or losses reported in the income statement. Embedded derivatives are carried on the balance sheet at fair value from the inception of the host contract. Changes in fair value are recognised within the income statement during the period in which they arise.
g) Inventories
i. Acquired and commissioned television programme inventories
Programme inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value (“NRV”), including, where applicable, estimated subscriber escalation payments, and net of the accumulated expense charged to the income statement to date.
Programming rights are included as inventories when the legally enforceable licence period commences and all of the following conditions have been met: (a) the cost of each programme is known or reasonably determinable; (b) the programme material has been accepted by the Group in accordance with the conditions of the rights, and (c) the programme is available for its first showing. Prior to being included in inventories, the programming rights are classified as television programme rights not yet available for transmission and not recorded on the Group’s balance sheet and are instead disclosed as contractual commitments (see note 26). Payments made upon receipt of commissioned and acquired programming, but in advance of the legal right to broadcast the programmes, are treated as prepayments.
The cost of television programme inventories are recognised in the operating expense line of the income statement, primarily as described below:
Sports – 100% of the cost is recognised in the income statement on the first broadcast or, where the rights are for multiple seasons or competitions, such rights are principally recognised on a straight-line basis across the seasons or competitions.
News – 100% of the cost is recognised in the income statement on first broadcast.
General entertainment – The cost is recognised in the income statement based on the expected value of each planned broadcast.
Movies – The cost is recognised in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the period of broadcast rights.
Where programme rights are surplus to the Group’s requirements, and no gain is anticipated through a disposal of the rights, or where the programming will not be broadcast for any other reason, a write-down to the income statement is made. Any reversals of inventory write-downs are recognised as reductions in operating expense.
ii. Set-top boxes, routers and related equipment
Set-top boxes (including Sky+ boxes and HD boxes), routers and related equipment are valued at the lower of cost and NRV, the latter of which reflects the value that the business expects to realise from the set-top boxes and related equipment in the hands of the customer, and are recognised through the operating expense line of the income statement. Any subsidy is expensed on enablement, which is the process of activating the viewing card during installation, so as to enable a viewer to view
encrypted broadcast services, and effectively represents the completion of the installation process for new subscribers. The amount recognised in the income statement is determined on a weighted average cost basis, in accordance with IAS 2 “Inventory”.
iii. Raw materials, consumables and goods held for resale
Raw materials, consumables and goods held for resale are valued at the lower of cost and NRV. The cost of raw materials, consumables and goods held for resale is recognised through the operating expense line of the income statement on a FIFO basis.
h) Financial assets and liabilities
Financial assets and liabilities are initially recognised at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. At each balance sheet date, the Group assesses whether there is any objective evidence that any financial asset is impaired. Financial assets and liabilities are recognised on the Group’s balance sheet when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the financial asset or liability. Financial assets are derecognised from the balance sheet when the Group’s contractual rights to the cash flows expire or the Group transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of the financial asset. Financial liabilities are derecognised from the Group’s balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expires.
i. Available-for-sale investments
Equity investments intended to be held for an indefinite period of time are classified as available-for-sale investments. They are carried at fair value, where this can be reliably measured, with movements in fair value recognised directly in the available-for-sale reserve. Where the fair value cannot be reliably measured, the investment is carried at cost. Any impairment losses in available-for-sale investments are recognised in the income statement and are not reversible through the income statement.
Available-for-sale investments are included within non-current assets unless management has the intention of holding the investment for less than twelve months from the balance sheet date, in which case they are included in current assets. On disposal, the difference between the carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and any cumulative gain or loss that had previously been recognised directly in reserves is recognised in the income statement.
ii. Trade and other receivables
Trade and other receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and, where no stated interest rate is applicable, are measured at the original invoice amount, if the effect of discounting is immaterial. Where discounting is material, trade and other receivables are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. An allowance account is maintained to reduce the carrying value of trade and other receivables for impairment losses identified from objective evidence, with movements in the allowance account, either from increased impairment losses or reversals of impairment losses, being recognised in the income statement.
iii. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, bank accounts, deposits receivable on demand and deposits with maturity dates of three months or less from the date of inception. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and which form an integral part of the Group’s cash management are also included as a component of cash and cash equivalents where offset conditions are met.
iv. Short-term deposits
This includes short-term deposits and commercial paper which have maturity dates of more than three months from inception. These deposits are initially recognised at fair value, and then carried at amortised cost through the income statement less any allowance for impairment losses.
v. Trade and other payables
Trade and other payables are non-derivative financial liabilities and are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Trade and other payables with no stated interest rate are measured at the original invoice amount if the effect of discounting is immaterial.
vi. Borrowings
Borrowings are recorded as the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. Finance charges, including any premium payable on settlement or redemption and direct issue costs, are accounted for on an accruals basis in the income statement using the effective interest method and are added to the carrying amount of the underlying instrument to which they relate, to the extent that they are not settled in the period in which they arise.
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i) Transponder rental prepayments
Payments made in respect of future satellite broadcast capacity have been recorded as prepaid transponder costs. These payments are recognised in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement.
j) Impairment
At each balance sheet date, in accordance with IAS 36 “Impairment of Assets”, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of all its assets excluding inventories (see accounting policy g), non-current assets classified as held for sale, financial assets (see accounting policy h) and deferred taxation (see accounting policy p) to determine whether there is any indication that any of those assets have suffered an impairment loss.
An impairment, other than an impairment of an investment in a joint venture or associate, is recognised in the income statement whenever the carrying amount of an asset or its cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount. An impairment of an investment in a joint venture or associate is recognised within the share of profit from joint ventures and associates. The recoverable amount is the greater of net selling price, defined as the fair value less costs to sell, and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and risks specific to the asset. Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs. Impairment losses recognised in respect of cash generating units are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to those units, and then to reduce the carrying amount of other assets in the unit on a pro-rata basis.
An impairment loss for an individual asset or cash generating unit shall be reversed if there has been a change in estimates used to determine the recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised and is only reversed to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortisation, if no impairment loss had been recognised. Any impairment loss in respect of goodwill is irreversible.
k) Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a probable, present legal or constructive obligation to make a transfer of economic benefits as a result of past events where a reliable estimate is available. The amounts recognised represent the Group’s best estimate of the transfer of benefits that will be required to settle the obligation as of the balance sheet date. Provisions are discounted if the effect of the time value of money is material using a market rate adjusted for risks specific to the liability.
l) ESOP reserve
Where the Company or its subsidiaries purchase the Company’s own equity shares, the cost of those shares, including any attributable transaction costs, is presented within the ESOP reserve as a deduction in shareholders’ equity in the consolidated financial statements.
m) Revenue recognition
Revenue, which excludes value added tax and transactions between Group companies, represents the gross inflow of economic benefit from Sky’s operating activities. The Group’s main sources of revenue are recognised as follows:
– | Retail subscription revenue, including subscriptions for Sky TV, Sky Broadband and SkyTalk services, is recognised as the goods or services are provided, net of any discountgiven. Pay-per-view revenue is recognised when the event or movie is viewed. |
| |
– | Wholesale revenue is recognised as the services are provided to the cable retailersand is based on the number of subscribers taking the Sky channels, as reported tothe Group by the cable retailers, and the applicable rate card. |
| |
– | Advertising sales revenue is recognised when the advertising is broadcast. Revenuegenerated from airtime sales, where Sky acts as an agent on behalf of third parties, isrecognised on a net commission basis. |
– | Sky Bet revenue is recognised in accordance with IAS 39. Sky Bet revenue representsincome in the period for betting and gaming activities, defined as amounts staked bycustomers less betting payouts. |
| |
– | Installation, hardware and service revenue is recognised in the income statementwhen the goods and services are delivered. |
| |
– | Other revenue principally includes income from Sky Active, Sky Card, Sky Mobile TV,technical platform services and Easynet Enterprise. Other revenue is recognised, net ofany discount given, when the relevant goods or service are provided. |
Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. When the Group sells a set-top box, installation or service and a subscription in one bundled transaction, the Group allocates the total arrangement consideration to the different individual elements based on their relative fair values. Management determines the fair value of individual elements based on vendor specific or third party evidence. The amount of revenue the Group recognises for delivered elements is limited to the cash received.
n) Employee benefits
Wages, salaries, social security contributions, bonuses payable and non-monetary benefits for current employees are recognised in the income statement as the employees’ services are rendered.
The Group provides pensions to eligible employees through defined contribution schemes. The amount charged to the income statement in the year represents the cost of contributions payable by the Group to the schemes in exchange for employee services rendered in that year. The assets of the schemes are held independently of the Group.
Termination benefits are recognised as a liability when, and only when, the Group has a demonstrable commitment to terminate the employment of an employee or group of employees before the normal retirement date or as the result of an offer to encourage voluntary redundancy.
The Group issues equity-settled and cash-settled share-based payments to certain employees which must be measured at fair value and recognised as an expense in the income statement, with a corresponding increase in equity in the case of equity-settled payments, and liabilities in the case of cash-settled awards. The fair values of equity-settled payments are measured at the dates of grant using option-pricing models, taking into account the terms and conditions upon which the awards are granted. Cash-settled share-based payments are measured at their fair value as at the balance sheet date. The fair value is recognised over the period during which employees become unconditionally entitled to the awards, subject to the Group’s estimate of the number of awards which will lapse, either due to employees leaving the Group prior to vesting or due to non-market based performance conditions not being met. Where an award has market-based performance conditions, the fair value of the award is adjusted for the probability of achieving these via the option pricing model. The total amount recognised in the income statement as an expense is adjusted to reflect the actual number of awards that vest, except where forfeiture is due to the failure to meet market-based performance measures.
In accordance with the transitional provisions in IFRS 1, and IFRS 2, the recognition and measurement principles in IFRS 2 have only been applied to options and awards granted after 7 November 2002 that had not vested by 1 January 2005.
o) Leases
Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the asset to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.
When the Group is lessor, sublease income from operating leases is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
When the Group is lessee, assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets of the Group at their fair value on the date of acquisition, or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are apportioned
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
1. Accounting policies
(continued)
between finance charges and reductions of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.
The lease expense arising from operating leases is charged to the income statement on a straight line basis over the term of the lease. Benefits received and receivable as incentives to enter into operating leases are recorded on a straight line basis over the lease term.
p) Taxation, including deferred taxation
The Group’s liability for current tax is based on taxable profit for the year, and is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised using the balance sheet liability method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheet and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Temporary differences arising from goodwill and the initial recognition of assets or liabilities that affect neither accounting profit nor taxable profit are not provided for. Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries and associates, and interests in joint ventures, except where the Group is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. The amount of deferred tax provided is based on the expected manner of realisation or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, using tax rates that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet date.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and adjusted to reflect an amount that is probable to be realised based on the weight of all available evidence. Deferred tax is calculated at the rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except where it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also included within equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Group intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.
q) Distributions to equity shareholders
Dividends are recognised in the retained earnings reserve in the year in which they are declared.
The cost of repurchasing the Group’s own equity shares for cancellation (“share buy-backs”) are recorded in retained earnings. In addition, the nominal cost of shares repurchased is deducted from share capital and a matching credit is recorded in the capital redemption reserve.
r) Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share represents the profit for the year, divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year, excluding the weighted average number of ordinary shares purchased by the Group and held in the Group’s ESOP during the year to satisfy employee share awards.
Diluted earnings per share represents the profit for the year, divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year, excluding the weighted average number of ordinary shares purchased by the Group and held in the Group’s ESOP Trust during the year to satisfy employee share awards, plus the weighted average number of dilutive shares resulting from share options.
s) Foreign currency translation
The Group’s presentational currency is pounds sterling. Trading activities denominated in foreign currencies are recorded in pounds sterling at the applicable monthly exchange rates. Monetary assets, liabilities and commitments denominated in foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are reported at the rates of exchange at that date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated to pounds sterling at the exchange rate prevailing at the date of the initial transaction. Gains and losses from the retranslation of assets and liabilities are included net in profit for the year, except for exchange differences arising on non-monetary assets and liabilities where the changes in fair value are recognised directly in equity.
The assets and liabilities of the Group’s foreign operations are translated at exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at the applicable monthly average exchange rates. Any exchange differences arising are classified as equity and transferred to other reserves.
t) Reportable segments
A reportable segment, as defined by IAS 14 “Segment Reporting”, is a distinguishable business or geographical component of the Group, that provides products or services, that are subject to risks and rewards that are different from those of other segments. The Group considers its primary reporting format to be business segments. The Group considers that it has only one reportable segment, being the Broadcast segment. As the revenue, results, assets and cash flows of the Broadcast segment are substantially the same to those of the consolidated Group, no separate analysis has been provided.
u) Accounting standards, interpretations and amendments to existing standards that are not yet effective
The Group has not yet adopted certain new standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards, which have been published but are only effective for accounting periods beginning on or after 1 July 2007, or later periods. These new standards are listed below:
– | IFRS 7 “Financial Instruments: Disclosures” (effective from 1 July 2007) |
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– | Amendment to IAS 1 “Presentation of Financial Statements – Capital Disclosures”(effective from 1 July 2007) |
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– | Revised guide on Implementing IFRS 4 “Insurance Contracts” (effective from1 July 2007) |
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– | IFRIC 10 “Interim Financial Reporting and Impairment” (effective from 1 July 2007) |
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– | IFRIC 12 “Service Concession Arrangements” (effective from 1 July 2008) |
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– | IFRIC 13 “Customer Loyalty Programmes” (effective from 1 July 2008) |
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– | IFRIC 14 “IAS 19 – The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum FundingRequirements and their Interaction” (effective from 1 July 2008) |
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– | Amendment to IAS 23 “Borrowing Costs” (effective from 1 July 2009) |
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– | IFRS 8 “Operating Segments” (effective from 1 July 2009). |
The Directors are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of these standards, amendments and interpretations in future periods.
v) Critical accounting policies and the use of judgement
Certain accounting policies are considered to be critical to the Group. An accounting policy is considered to be critical if its selection or application materially affects the Group’s financial position or results. The Directors are required to use their judgement in order to select and apply the Group’s critical accounting policies. Below is a summary of the Group’s critical accounting policies and details of the key areas of judgement that are exercised in their application.
(i) Goodwill(see note 11) |
– | Judgement is required in determining the fair value of identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent assets assumed in a business combination. Calculating the fair values involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions, including expectations about future cash flows, discount rates and the lives of assets following purchase. |
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– | Judgement is also required in evaluating whether any impairment loss has arisenagainst the carrying amount of goodwill. This may require calculation of therecoverable amount of cash generating units to which the goodwill is associated. Such a calculation may involve estimates of the net present value of future forecast cash flows and selecting an appropriate discount rate. Alternatively, it may involve a calculation of the fair value less costs to sell of the applicable cash generating unit. |
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(ii) Revenue (see note 2) |
– | Selecting the appropriate timing for, and amount of, revenue to be recognised requires judgement. This may involve estimating the fair value of consideration before it is received. When the Group sells a set-top box, installation or service and a subscription in one bundled transaction, we allocate the total consideration from the arrangement to each element based on their relative fair values. The fair value of each individual element is determined using vendor specific or third party evidence on a periodic basis. The amount of revenue the Group recognises for delivered elements is limited to the cash received. |
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– | Judgement is also required in evaluating the likelihood of collection of customer debt after revenue has been recognised. This evaluation requires estimates to be made, including the level of provision to be made for amounts with uncertain recovery profiles. Provisions are based on historical trends in the percentage of debts which are not recovered, or on more detailed reviews of individually significant balances. |
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(iii) Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment (see notes 12 and 13) |
– | The assessment of the useful economic lives of these assets requires judgement. Depreciation is charged to the income statement based on the useful economic life selected. This assessment requires estimation of the period over which the Group will benefit from the assets. |
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– | Determining whether the carrying amount of these assets has any indication of impairment also requires judgement. If an indication of impairment is identified, further judgement is required to assess whether the carrying amount can be supported by the net present value of future cash flows forecast to be derived from the asset. This forecast involves cash flow projections and selecting the appropriate discount rate. |
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– | Assessing whether assets meet the required criteria for initial capitalisation requires judgement. This requires a determination of whether the assets will result in future benefits to the Group. In particular, internally generated intangible assets must be assessed during the development phase to identify whether the Group has the ability and intention to complete the development successfully. |
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(iv) Programming inventory (see note 17) |
– | The key area of accounting for programming inventory requiring judgement is the assessment of the appropriate profile over which to recognise amortisation in the income statement. This assessment requires the Group to form an expectation of the number of times a programme will be broadcast and the value associated with each broadcast. |
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– | For general entertainment programming, in order to perform this assessment of amortisation profile, we consider the expected number of viewers a programme is likely to achieve on repeat broadcast, the alternative programming available to the programming scheduler, the potential marketing benefits relating to the scheduling of certain programmes and the Group’s assessment of its competitors’ scheduling intentions when determining the amount of programme expense to recognise for each broadcast. Acquired movie rights are amortised on a straight-line basis over the period of the transmission rights. Where contracts for sports rights provide for multiple seasons or competitions, they are amortised on a straight-line basis across the season or competition as our estimate of the benefits received from these rights is determined to be most appropriately aligned with a straight-line amortisation profile. |
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(v) Deferred tax(see note 16) |
– | The key area of judgement in respect of deferred tax accounting is the assessment of the expected timing and manner of realisation or settlement of the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities held at the balance sheet date. In particular, assessment is required of whether it is probable that there will be suitable taxable profits against which the deferred tax can be utilised. |
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(vi) Available-for-sale investments (see note 15) |
– | The key areas of judgement in respect of available-for-sale investments are the assessment of whether there is objective evidence that a loss event has occurred after initial recognition of an available-for-sale investment, and whether such a loss event has a reliably measurable impact on the estimated future cash flows of the investment. At each balance sheet date, management consider whether there is objective evidence that a loss event has occurred and whether it has had an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the available-for-sale investment. If a loss event has occurred, management would then consider whether an impairment loss has occurred and the quantum of that loss. As at 30 June 2007, the Group’s available-for-sale investments included a material investment in ITV plc (“ITV”). The factors management considered in determining whether an impairment loss in ITV had occurred included observable data about the estimated future cash flows of ITV based on ITV’s publicly available financial reporting and announcements, publicly available information from financial commentators about ITV and the market in which it operates, the historical performance of ITV’s share price, and the regulatory environment affecting ITV and the Group. |
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
2. Revenue
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Retail subscription | 3,406 | | 3,157 | | 2,974 | |
| Wholesale subscription | 208 | | 224 | | 219 | |
| Advertising | 352 | | 342 | | 329 | |
| Sky Bet | 47 | | 37 | | 32 | |
| Installation, hardware and service | 212 | | 131 | | 128 | |
| Other | 326 | | 257 | | 160 | |
| | 4,551 | | 4,148 | | 3,842 | |
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Revenue arises from goods and services provided to the UK, with the exception of £289 million (2006: £222 million; 2005: £171 million) which arises from services provided to other European countries. To provide a more relevant presentation, management has chosen to re-analyse the revenue categories from those previously reported. Other revenue now principally includes income from Sky Active, Sky Card, Sky Mobile TV, technical platform services and Easynet Enterprise.
3. Operating expense
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Programming(i) | 1,539 | | 1,599 | | 1,635 | |
| Transmission and related functions | 402 | | 234 | | 171 | |
| Marketing | 734 | | 622 | | 527 | |
| Subscriber management | 618 | | 468 | | 392 | |
| Administration(ii),(iii) | 443 | | 348 | | 295 | |
| | 3,736 | | 3,271 | | 3,020 | |
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(i) | In the year ended 30 June 2007, the Group recognised a £65 million credit due to the Group, arising from certain contractual rights under one of the Group’s channel distribution agreements. This item was previously disclosed as a contingent asset in the Group’s June 2006 consolidated financial statements. |
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(ii) | In the year ended 30 June 2005, the Group recognised £13 million from the liquidators of ITV Digital as a full and final settlement in respect of amounts owed to the Group. |
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(iii) | In the year ended 30 June 2007, the Group recognised a £16 million expense relating to the legal costs incurred to date on the Group’s claim against EDS (the information and technology solutions provider). |
4. Investment income and finance costs
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Investment income | | | | | | |
| Cash, cash equivalents and short-term deposits | 33 | | 52 | | 29 | |
| Dividends receivable from available-for-sale investments | 13 | | – | | – | |
| | 46 | | 52 | | 29 | |
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| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Finance costs | | | | | | |
| – Interest payable and similar charges | | | | | | |
| £600 million Revolving Credit Facility (“RCF”) | – | | – | | (4 | ) |
| £1 billion RCF | (12 | ) | (2 | ) | (2 | ) |
| Guaranteed Notes (see note 21) | (135 | ) | (123 | ) | (84 | ) |
| Finance lease interest | (8 | ) | (4 | ) | (1 | ) |
| | (155 | ) | (129 | ) | (91 | ) |
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| – Other finance income (expense) | | | | | | |
| Remeasurement of borrowings and borrowings-related derivative financial instruments (not qualifying for hedge accounting) | – | | (10 | ) | 5 | |
| Remeasurement of programming-related derivative financial instruments (not qualifying for hedge accounting) | 6 | | (4 | ) | (1 | ) |
| | 6 | | (14 | ) | 4 | |
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| | (149 | ) | (143 | ) | (87 | ) |
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5. Profit on disposal of joint venture
The Group realised no profit or loss on disposal of joint ventures during the years ended 30 June 2007 and 30 June 2006 (see note 14). In the year ended 30 June 2005, the Group sold its 49.5% investment in Granada Sky Broadcasting for £14 million in cash, realising a profit on disposal of £9 million.
6. Profit before taxation
Profit before taxation is stated after charging (crediting):
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Cost of inventories recognised as an expense | 1,387 | | 1,281 | | 1,276 | |
| Depreciation of property, plant and equipment | 120 | | 89 | | 47 | |
| Amortisation of intangible assets | 72 | | 51 | | 45 | |
| Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment | – | | – | | 2 | |
| Rentals on operating leases and similar arrangements | 32 | | 25 | | 24 | |
| Sub-lease rentals received on operating leases | (1 | ) | (1 | ) | (1 | ) |
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Consolidated non-current assets outside the UK were £20 million (2006: £18 million).
Foreign exchange
Foreign exchange gains recognised in the income statement during the year amounted to £2 million (2006: £6 million; 2005: £17 million).
Audit fees
An analysis of auditors remuneration is as follows:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Fees payable to the Company’s auditors for the audit of the Company’s annual accounts | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | |
| Fees payable to the Company’s auditors for other services: | | | | | | |
| The audit of the Company’s subsidiaries pursuant to legislation | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | |
| Other services pursuant to legislation | 1 | | – | | – | |
| Total audit fees | 3 | | 2 | | 2 | |
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| Information technology services | 1 | | 4 | | 7 | |
| Total non-audit fees | 1 | | 4 | | 7 | |
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| | 4 | | 6 | | 9 | |
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The Audit Committee was satisfied throughout the year that the objectivity and independence of Deloitte & Touche LLP was not in any way impaired by either the nature of the non-audit related services undertaken during the year, the level of non-audit fees charged, or any other facts or circumstances.
This information is presented in accordance with UK Companies Act requirements. For US reporting purposes (following guidance included in Item 16C of Form 20-F), amounts paid to auditors are analysed as follows: audit fees £2 million (2006: £1 million; 2005: £1 million), audit-related fees £1 million (2006: £1 million; 2005 £1 million), and all other fees £1 million (2006: £4 million; 2005: £7 million). All other fees relate to services provided in respect of customer management systems development.
7. Employee benefits and key management compensation
a) Group employee benefits
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Wages and salaries | 451 | | 362 | | 327 | |
| Social security costs | 48 | | 38 | | 32 | |
| Costs of employee share option schemes(i) | 35 | | 23 | | 25 | |
| Contributions to the Group’s pension schemes(ii) | 20 | | 16 | | 14 | |
| | 554 | | 439 | | 398 | |
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(i) | £33 million relates to equity-settled share-based payments (2006: £23 million; 2005: £25 million) and £2 million relates to cash-settled share-based payments (2006: nil; 2005: nil). At 30 June 2007, the total expense relating to non-vested awards not yet recognised was £39 million which is expected to be recognised over a weighted average period of 1.1 years. At 30 June 2007, £2 million was recognised as liabilities arising from share-based payment transactions (2006: nil), none of which related to awards for which the counterparty’s right to cash had vested by the end of the year. |
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(ii) | The Group operates defined contribution pension schemes. The pension charge for the year represents the cost of contributions payable by the Group to the schemes during the year. The Group’s amount payable to the schemes at 30 June 2007 was £2 million (2006: £2 million). |
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
7. Employee benefits and key management compensation (continued)
The average monthly number of full-time equivalent persons (including temporary employees) employed by the Group during the year was as follows:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | Number | | Number | | Number | |
| Channels and services | 2,472 | | 2,403 | | 2,357 | |
| Customer service, sales and marketing | 7,591 | | 6,486 | | 5,472 | |
| Transmission and technology | 1,560 | | 1,267 | | 1,201 | |
| Management and administration | 1,464 | | 1,060 | | 928 | |
| | 13,087 | | 11,216 | | 9,958 | |
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There are approximately 445 temporary staff included within the average number of full-time equivalent people employed by the Group. To provide a more relevant presentation, management has chosen to re-analyse the categories through which the average number of full-time equivalent persons employed by the Group is disclosed, from those previously reported.
b) Key management compensation (see note 29d)
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Short-term employee benefits | 5 | | 4 | | 4 | |
| Share-based payments | 3 | | 2 | | 1 | |
| | 8 | | 6 | | 5 | |
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Post-employment benefits were less than £1 million (2006: less than £1 million; 2005: less than £1 million).
8. Taxation
a) Taxation recognised in the income statement
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Current tax expense | | | | | | |
| Current year | 204 | | 147 | | 163 | |
| Adjustment in respect of prior years | (15 | ) | (6 | ) | (8 | ) |
| Total current tax charge | 189 | | 141 | | 155 | |
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| Deferred tax expense | | | | | | |
| Origination and reversal of temporary differences | 22 | | 106 | | 71 | |
| Adjustment in respect of prior years | 14 | | – | | (17 | ) |
| Total deferred tax charge | 36 | | 106 | | 54 | |
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| Taxation | 225 | | 247 | | 209 | |
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Taxation relates to a £240 million UK corporation tax charge (2006: £247 million; 2005: £209 million) and a £15 million tax credit in respect of Luxembourg trading losses.
b) Deferred tax recognised directly in equity
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Deferred tax (credit) charge relating to share-based payments | (5 | ) | (2 | ) | 3 | |
| Deferred tax charge (credit) relating to cash flow hedges | 12 | | (16 | ) | (5 | ) |
| | 7 | | (18 | ) | (2 | ) |
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c) Reconciliation of effective tax rate
The tax expense for the year is higher (2006: higher; 2005: lower) than the expense that would have been charged using the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK (30%) applied to profit before tax. The applicable enacted or substantially enacted rate of UK corporation tax for the year was 30% (2006 and 2005: 30%). The differences are explained below:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Profit before tax | 724 | | 798 | | 787 | |
| Profit before tax multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 30% (2006 and 2005: 30%) | 217 | | 239 | | 236 | |
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| Effects of: | | | | | | |
| Non-deductible expense | 19 | | 16 | | 7 | |
| Tax exempt revenue | (11 | ) | (2 | ) | (9 | ) |
| Over-provision in respect of prior years | – | | (6 | ) | (25 | ) |
| Taxation | 225 | | 247 | | 209 | |
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9. Earnings per share
The weighted average number of shares for the year was:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | Millions of | | Millions of | | Millions of | |
| | shares | | shares | | shares | |
| Ordinary shares | 1,759 | | 1,830 | | 1,917 | |
| ESOP trust ordinary shares | (4 | ) | (3 | ) | (4 | ) |
| Basic shares | 1,755 | | 1,827 | | 1,913 | |
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| Dilutive ordinary shares from share options | 12 | | 5 | | 4 | |
| Diluted shares | 1,767 | | 1,832 | | 1,917 | |
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The calculation of diluted earnings per share excludes 17 million share options (2006: 37 million; 2005: 37 million), which could potentially dilute earnings per share in the future. These options do not currently have a dilutive effect as the exercise price of the options exceeds the average market price of ordinary shares during the year.
Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated by dividing profit for the year into the weighted average number of shares for the year. In order to provide a measure of underlying performance, management have chosen to present an adjusted profit for the year which excludes items that may distort comparability. Such items arise from events or transactions that fall within the ordinary activities of the Group but which management believes should be separately identified to help explain underlying performance.
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Reconciliation of profit for the year to adjusted profit for the year | | | | | | |
| Profit for the year | 499 | | 551 | | 578 | |
| Payment from ITV Digital liquidators | – | | – | | (13 | ) |
| Profit on disposal of joint venture | – | | – | | (9 | ) |
| Remeasurement of all derivative financial instruments (not qualifying for hedge accounting) | (6 | ) | 14 | | (4 | ) |
| Amount receivable from channel distribution agreement (see note 3) | (65 | ) | – | | – | |
| Legal costs relating to claim against EDS (see note 3) | 16 | | – | | – | |
| Tax effect of above items | 17 | | (4 | ) | 5 | |
| Increase in estimate of recoverable tax assets in respect of prior years | – | | – | | (17 | ) |
| Adjusted profit for the year | 461 | | 561 | | 540 | |
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| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | pence | | pence | | pence | |
| Earnings per share from profit for the year | | | | | | |
| Basic | 28.4p | | 30.2p | | 30.2p | |
| Diluted | 28.2p | | 30.1p | | 30.2p | |
| Adjusted earnings per share from profit for the year | | | | | | |
| Basic | 26.3p | | 30.7p | | 28.2p | |
| Diluted | 26.1p | | 30.6p | | 28.2p | |
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
10. Dividends
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Dividends declared and paid during the year | | | | | | |
| 2004 Final dividend paid: 3.25p per ordinary share | – | | – | | 63 | |
| 2005 Interim dividend paid: 4.00p per ordinary share | – | | – | | 77 | |
| 2005 Final dividend paid: 5.00p per ordinary share | – | | 92 | | – | |
| 2006 Interim dividend paid: 5.50p per ordinary share | – | | 99 | | – | |
| 2006 Final dividend paid: 6.70p per ordinary share | 117 | | – | | – | |
| 2007 Interim dividend paid: 6.60p per ordinary share | 116 | | – | | – | |
| | 233 | | 191 | | 140 | |
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The 2007 final dividend proposed is 8.9 pence per ordinary share being £155 million. The dividend was proposed after the balance date and is therefore not recognised as a liability as at 30 June 2007.
Dividends are paid between Group companies out of profits available for distribution subject to, inter alia, the provisions of the companies’ articles of association and the Companies Act 1985 (as amended). There are restrictions over the distribution of any profits which are not generated from external cash receipts as defined in Technical Release 7/03, issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. All dividends were paid out of profits available for distribution. The ESOP has waived its rights to dividends.
11. Goodwill
| | Total | |
| | £m | |
| Carrying value | | |
| At 1 July 2005 | 417 | |
| Purchase of Easynet Group Limited (“Easynet”) | 216 | |
| Other purchases | 4 | |
| At 30 June 2006 | 637 | |
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| Purchase of 365 Media Group Plc (“365 Media”) (see note 28) | 77 | |
| Other purchases | 27 | |
| At 30 June 2007 | 741 | |
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Goodwill has principally arisen from the Group’s purchases of the Sports Internet Group (“SIG”), British Interactive Broadcasting (“BiB”), Easynet and 365 Media. Impairment reviews were performed on these goodwill balances at 30 June 2007, which did not indicate impairment.
The initial accounting for goodwill purchased in the Easynet acquisition is no longer provisional. In completing the initial accounting, a further £14 million of goodwill has been recognised compared to the amount provisionally disclosed, as a result of additional information regarding the amount of corporation tax liability associated with the purchase. This increase in goodwill has been recorded as if it existed from the original acquisition date of 6 January 2006. The amount of goodwill deductible for tax purposes is nil (2006: nil). Goodwill, allocated by cash generating unit, is analysed as follows:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Interactive(i) | 302 | | 302 | |
| Betting and gaming(ii) | 149 | | 112 | |
| Broadcast(iii) | 253 | | 186 | |
| Easynet Enterprise(iv) | 30 | | 30 | |
| Multiple units without significant goodwill | 7 | | 7 | |
| | 741 | | 637 | |
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The provisional goodwill arising from the purchase of 365 Media in the current year has been primarily allocated between two existing cash generating units, Broadcast and Betting and gaming, because the activities of 365 Media have been subsumed into these cash generating units.
Recoverable amounts for the cash generating units were calculated on the basis of value in use, using cash flows calculated for the next five years as forecast by management. A growth rate of 3% was applied in order to extrapolate cash flow projections beyond this five year period, based on future industry expectations. The cash flows were discounted using a pre-tax discount rate of 8.6% (2006: 8.5%) ..
i) Interactive
The Interactive unit includes goodwill arising from the purchase of BiB. The key assumptions on which forecast five year cash flows were based included the number of interactive application providers on the interactive platform, the number of unique users of interactive services, the average spend per unique user, contractual rate cards, the number of customer connections to interactive services, and the level of conditional access and access control charges to broadcasters and interactive application providers on the Sky digital
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platform. The values assigned to each of these assumptions were determined based on historical data and trends within the unit, and on contractual rate cards, where these were available.
ii) Betting and gaming
The Betting and gaming unit includes goodwill arising from the purchase of SIG and 365 Media’s betting business. The key assumptions on which forecast five year cash flows were based include the number of weekly unique users, the number of bets placed per user per week, the average stake per user per week and the average spend per active user per week. The values assigned to each of these assumptions were determined based on an extrapolation of historical trends within the unit, and external information on expected future trends in betting and gaming.
iii) Broadcast
The Broadcast unit includes goodwill arising from the purchase of Easynet’s UK broadband network assets, Easynet’s UK residential business and 365 Media’s content business. The recoverable amount for the Broadcast cash generating unit was calculated on the basis of the value in use of the broadcast unit. The key assumptions on which forecast five year cash flows of the Broadcast unit were based include the number of gross DTH subscriber additions, the rate of DTH churn, the average revenue per subscriber, acquisition costs per subscriber and anticipated changes in the product mix and marketing mix of the broadcast business. The values assigned to each of these assumptions were determined based on the extrapolation of historical trends within the Group, and external information on expected future trends in the UK and Ireland entertainment and communications industry.
iv) Easynet Enterprise
The Easynet Enterprise unit includes goodwill arising from the purchase of Easynet’s enterprise broadband business in the UK and other European countries. The key assumptions on which forecast five year cash flows were based include the number of Easynet Enterprise customers, the average revenue per customer and the operating margin generated per customer. The values assigned to each of these assumptions were determined based on an extrapolation of historical trends within the unit, and external information on expected future trends in the enterprise broadband industry.
12. Intangible assets
| | | | | | Internally | | | | | |
| | | | | | generated | | | | | |
| | Internally | | Other | | intangible | | Other intangible | | | |
| | generated | | intangible | | assets not yet | | assets not yet | | | |
| | intangible assets | | assets | | available for use | | available for use | | Total | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Cost | | | | | | | | | | |
| At 1 July 2005 | 23 | | 181 | | 6 | | 136 | | 346 | |
| Additions from business combinations | – | | 29 | | – | | – | | 29 | |
| Other additions | 5 | | 24 | | – | | 9 | | 38 | |
| Disposals | – | | (22 | ) | – | | – | | (22 | ) |
| Transfers | 6 | | 115 | | (6 | ) | (115 | ) | – | |
| At 30 June 2006 | 34 | | 327 | | – | | 30 | | 391 | |
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| Additions from business combinations (see note 28) | – | | 24 | | – | | – | | 24 | |
| Other additions | 28 | | 41 | | – | | 22 | | 91 | |
| Disposals | – | | (51 | ) | – | | – | | (51 | ) |
| At 30 June 2007 | 62 | | 341 | | – | | 52 | | 455 | |
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| Amortisation | | | | | | | | | | |
| At 1 July 2005 | 14 | | 130 | | – | | – | | 144 | |
| Amortisation for the year | 2 | | 49 | | – | | – | | 51 | |
| Disposals | – | | (22 | ) | – | | – | | (22 | ) |
| At 30 June 2006 | 16 | | 157 | | – | | – | | 173 | |
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| Amortisation for the year | 9 | | 63 | | – | | – | | 72 | |
| Disposals | – | | (51 | ) | – | | – | | (51 | ) |
| At 30 June 2007 | 25 | | 169 | | – | | – | | 194 | |
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| Carrying amounts | | | | | | | | | | |
| At 1 July 2005 | 9 | | 51 | | 6 | | 136 | | 202 | |
| At 30 June 2006 | 18 | | 170 | | – | | 30 | | 218 | |
| At 30 June 2007 | 37 | | 172 | | – | | 52 | | 261 | |
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The Group’s intangible assets include internal and external spend on software associated with our customer management systems, software licences, capitalised development costs, copyright licences, customer lists and relationships, patents and brands acquired in business combinations.
The estimated future amortisation charge on finite-lived intangible assets for each of the next five years is set out below. It is likely that future amortisation will vary from the figures below as the estimate does not include the impact of any future investments, disposals or capital expenditure.
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
12. Intangible assets (continued)
| | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Estimated amortisation charge | 86 | | 88 | | 47 | | 19 | | 4 | |
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For intangible assets acquired in business combinations in the year, the average amortisation period is nine years.
13. Property, plant and equipment
| | Land and | | | | Equipment, | | Assets not yet | | | |
| | freehold | | Leasehold | | furniture and | | available for | | | |
| | buildings(i)(ii) | | improvements | | fittings | | use | | Total | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Cost | | | | | | | | | | |
| At 1 July 2005 | 70 | | 42 | | 431 | | 123 | | 666 | |
| Additions from business combinations | – | | 12 | | 67 | | – | | 79 | |
| Other additions | – | | 1 | | 163 | | 30 | | 194 | |
| Disposals | (3 | ) | (2 | ) | (125 | ) | – | | (130 | ) |
| Transfers | 48 | | – | | 55 | | (103 | ) | – | |
| At 30 June 2006 | 115 | | 53 | | 591 | | 50 | | 809 | |
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| Additions from business combinations (see note 28) | – | | – | | 1 | | – | | 1 | |
| Other additions | 5 | | 6 | | 232 | | 27 | | 270 | |
| Disposals | (1 | ) | (19 | ) | (93 | ) | – | | (113 | ) |
| Transfers | (14 | ) | 24 | | 30 | | (40 | ) | – | |
| At 30 June 2007 | 105 | | 64 | | 761 | | 37 | | 967 | |
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| Depreciation | | | | | | | | | | |
| At 1 July 2005 | 13 | | 31 | | 287 | | – | | 331 | |
| Depreciation | 3 | | 5 | | 81 | | – | | 89 | |
| Disposals | (3 | ) | (2 | ) | (125 | ) | – | | (130 | ) |
| At 30 June 2006 | 13 | | 34 | | 243 | | – | | 290 | |
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| Depreciation | 5 | | 4 | | 111 | | – | | 120 | |
| Disposals | (1 | ) | (19 | ) | (93 | ) | – | | (113 | ) |
| At 30 June 2007 | 17 | | 19 | | 261 | | – | | 297 | |
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| Carrying amounts | | | | | | | | | | |
| At 1 July 2005 | 57 | | 11 | | 144 | | 123 | | 335 | |
| At 30 June 2006 | 102 | | 19 | | 348 | | 50 | | 519 | |
| At 30 June 2007 | 88 | | 45 | | 500 | | 37 | | 670 | |
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(i) | The amounts shown include assets held under finance leases with a net book value of £5 million (2006: £5 million). The cost of these assets was £8 million (2006: £8 million) and the accumulated depreciation was £3 million (2006: £3 million). Depreciation charged during the year on such assets was nil (2006: £1 million; 2005: nil). |
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(ii) | Depreciation was not charged on £27 million of land (2006: £25 million). |
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14. Investments in joint ventures and associates
A list of the Group’s significant investments in joint ventures and associates, including the name, country of incorporation and proportion of ownership interest is given in note 30 to the consolidated financial statements.
The movement in joint ventures and associates during the year was as follows:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Share of net assets: | | | | |
| At 1 July | 28 | | 23 | |
| Movement in net assets | | | | |
| – Funding, net of repayments | 3 | | 2 | |
| – Dividends received | (9 | ) | (7 | ) |
| – Share of profits | 12 | | 12 | |
| Transfers to subsidiaries | – | | (1 | ) |
| Movement in other payables | – | | (1 | ) |
| At 30 June | 34 | | 28 | |
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The Group’s share of any capital commitments and contingent liabilities of associates and joint ventures is shown in note 26.
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a) Investments in joint ventures
Representing the Group’s share of each joint venture:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Non-current assets | 4 | | 2 | |
| Current assets | 59 | | 51 | |
| Current liabilities | (28 | ) | (28 | ) |
| Non-current liabilities | (1 | ) | (3 | ) |
| Shareholders’ equity | 34 | | 22 | |
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| Revenue | 74 | | 70 | |
| Expense | (60 | ) | (56 | ) |
| Taxation | (2 | ) | (2 | ) |
| Share of profit from joint ventures | 12 | | 12 | |
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b) Investments in associates
Representing a 100% share of each associate:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Total assets | – | | 1 | |
| Total liabilities | – | | (1 | ) |
| Shareholder’s equity | – | | – | |
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| Profit | – | | – | |
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The Group had no associates at 30 June 2007 following the purchase of the remaining 80% of Aura Sports Limited in August 2006.
15. Available-for-sale investments
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Investment in ITV at cost | 946 | | – | |
| Unrealised loss on ITV investment | (151 | ) | – | |
| Fair value of ITV investment | 795 | | – | |
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| Other investments at cost | 2 | | 2 | |
| | 797 | | 2 | |
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On 17 November 2006, the Group acquired 696 million shares in ITV, representing 17.9% of the issued capital of ITV, for a total consideration of £946 million including fees and taxes. The investment in ITV is carried at fair value, with movements in the fair value recognised directly in the available-for-sale reserve. The fair value of ITV is determined with reference to its equity share price at the balance sheet date. At 30 June 2007, ITV’s equity share price was £1.14, generating an unrealised loss of £151 million. Based on management’s assessment of the sector in which ITV operates, there is no indication that the unrealised loss is permanent and it is expected to reverse in subsequent periods. If the Group were to dispose of ITV before 17 November 2007 at a loss, which it currently does not intend to do, an unrecognised deferred tax asset would arise. Any such disposal after this date, assuming certain other factors remain consistent with those existing at the balance sheet date, would be exempt from tax under the provisions of the Substantial Shareholding Exemption (SSE). As such, the SSE provisions would prevent any capital loss arising for tax purposes.
The Group holds certain unquoted equity investments that are carried at cost less impairment. The fair value of these investments is not considered to differ significantly from the carrying value.
16. Deferred tax
i) Recognised deferred tax assets
| | | | | | | | Share-based | | Financial | | | |
| | Fixed asset | | | | Short-term | | payments | | instrument | | | |
| | temporary | | | | temporary | | temporary | | temporary | | | |
| | differences | | Tax losses | | differences | | differences | | differences | | Total | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| At 1 July 2005 | 14 | | 68 | | 8 | | 9 | | 6 | | 105 | |
| Charge to income | (71 | ) | (35 | ) | – | | – | | – | | (106 | ) |
| Credit to equity | – | | – | | – | | 2 | | 16 | | 18 | |
| Business combinations | 83 | | – | | – | | – | | – | | 83 | |
| At 30 June 2006 | 26 | | 33 | | 8 | | 11 | | 22 | | 100 | |
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| (Charge) credit to income | (32 | ) | (18 | ) | 1 | | 12 | | 1 | | (36 | ) |
| Credit (charge) to equity | – | | – | | – | | 5 | | (12 | ) | (7 | ) |
| Business combinations (see note 28) | (3 | ) | – | | – | | – | | – | | (3 | ) |
| At 30 June 2007 | (9 | ) | 15 | | 9 | | 28 | | 11 | | 54 | |
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
16. Deferred tax (continued)
Deferred tax assets have been recognised at 30 June 2007 and 30 June 2006 on the basis that, from management’s current forecast of the Group’s entities, it is probable that there will be suitable taxable profits against which these assets can be utilised. Tax losses are treated as unrecognised deferred tax assets if it is not considered probable that suitable future taxable profits will arise. During the year, any tax losses suffered by UK entities have been relieved against taxable profits in other UK entities in the Group.
The deferred tax asset recognised in respect of tax losses arises principally in Luxembourg. Based on management’s forecast, there will be suitable future taxable profits against which this deferred tax asset can be utilised.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which they reverse. The rate enacted or substantially enacted for the relevant periods of reversal ranged from 28% to 30% in the year ended 30 June 2007 (2006: 30%). The change in the range of substantially enacted rates in the year ended 30 June 2007, caused a decrease in the net deferred tax asset by £2 million (2006: nil).
Certain deferred tax assets and liabilities have been offset. The following is the analysis of the deferred tax balances (after offset) for financial reporting purposes:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Deferred tax assets | 66 | | 107 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | (12 | ) | (7 | ) |
| | 54 | | 100 | |
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ii) Unrecognised deferred tax assets
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Tax losses arising from trading | 152 | | 121 | |
| Tax losses arising from capital disposals and | | | | |
| provisions against investments | 447 | | 354 | |
| | 599 | | 475 | |
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Deferred tax assets have not been recognised in respect of the items above because it is not probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the Group can utilise the losses.
At 30 June 2007, a deferred tax asset of £50 million (2006: £32 million) principally arising from UK losses in the Group, has not been recognised. These losses include £9 million purchased in business combinations during the year (2006: £18 million). These losses can only be offset against taxable profits generated in the entities concerned. There is currently insufficient evidence to support the recognition of a deferred tax asset relating to these losses.
At 30 June 2007, a deferred tax asset of £102 million (2006: £89 million) has not been recognised in respect of overseas trading losses on the basis that it is not probable that these temporary differences will be utilised. These losses include £75 million (2006: £64 million) with respect to the Group’s German holding companies of KirchPayTV and £27 million (2006: £25 million) with respect to the Group’s holdings in Easynet’s European subsidiaries.
At 30 June 2007, a deferred tax asset of £420 million (2006: £330 million) has not been recognised in respect of potential capital losses related to the Group’s holding of KirchPayTV, on the basis that utilisation of these temporary differences is not probable. At 30 June 2007, the Group also has capital losses estimated to be in excess of £27 million (2006: £24 million) including provisions in a football club and other investments, which have not been recognised as a deferred tax asset, on the basis that it is not probable that they will be utilised.
17. Inventories
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Television programme rights | 290 | | 277 | |
| Set-top boxes and related equipment | 84 | | 41 | |
| Other inventories | 10 | | 6 | |
| | 384 | | 324 | |
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At 30 June 2007, at least 89% (2006: 86%) of the television programme rights and 100% (2006: 100%) of other inventories is expected to be recognised in the income statement within 12 months.
18. Trade and other receivables
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Gross trade receivables | 304 | | 267 | |
| Less: provision for impairment of receivables | (100 | ) | (60 | ) |
| Net trade receivables | 204 | | 207 | |
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| Amounts receivable from joint ventures and associates | 8 | | 7 | |
| Amounts receivable from other related parties | 1 | | 1 | |
| Prepayments | 175 | | 156 | |
| Accrued income | 91 | | 107 | |
| Other | 45 | | 11 | |
| | 524 | | 489 | |
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Included within prepayments is £27 million (2006: £73 million) which is due in more than one year.
The current year charge to the income statement in respect of provisions for impairment of trade receivables was £40 million (2006: £13 million; 2005: £19 million). The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables approximates to their fair values. The Group is exposed to credit risk on its trade and other receivables however, the Group does not have any significant concentrations of credit risk, with exposure spread over a large number of counterparties and customers. Trade receivables principally comprise amounts outstanding from subscribers, advertisers and other customers.
19. Trade and other payables
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Trade payables | 380 | | 352 | |
| Amounts owed to joint ventures and associates | 3 | | 5 | |
| Amounts owed to other related parties | 36 | | 31 | |
| VAT | 97 | | 140 | |
| Accruals | 468 | | 428 | |
| Deferred income | 245 | | 246 | |
| Other | 66 | | 45 | |
| | 1,295 | | 1,247 | |
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Included within trade payables are £139 million (2006: £151 million) of US dollar-denominated programme payables. The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates to their fair values. Trade payables principally comprise amounts outstanding for programming purchases and ongoing costs.
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20. Provisions
| | At | | Provided | | Utilised | | At | | Provided | | Utilised | | At | | |
| | 1 July | | during | | during | | 1 July | | during | | during | | 30 June | | |
| | 2005 | | the year | | the year | | 2006 | | the year | | the year | | 2007 | | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | |
| Current liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Provision for termination benefits(i) | 11 | | – | | (11 | ) | – | | 3 | | – | | 3 | | |
| Other provisions(ii) | 2 | | 6 | | (2 | ) | 6 | | 1 | | (2 | ) | 5 | | |
| | 13 | | 6 | | (13 | ) | 6 | | 4 | | (2 | ) | 8 | | |
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| Non-current liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Other provisions(iii) | – | | 19 | | – | | 19 | | 2 | | (3 | ) | 18 | | |
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(i) | At 30 June 2005, the Group had provided £11 million for the expected costs of redundancy and related expenses following an efficiency review. During the year ended 30 June 2006, all of this provision was utilised. During the year ended 30 June 2007, the Group provided a further £3 million for the expected costs of redundancy and related expenses. This provision is expected to be utilised within one year. |
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(ii) | Included in other provisions are amounts provided for onerous contracts for property leases, maintenance and legal disputes. The timing of the cash flows for onerous property leases and maintenance are dependent on the terms of the remaining leases. The timing of the cash flows for legal disputes cannot be reasonably determined. |
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(iii) | Included within non-current other provisions are onerous property leases. The timing of the cash flows are dependent on the terms of the leases. |
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As at 30 June 2007, a provision of nil (2006: £16 million) was recognised as a result of business combinations.
21. Borrowings and non-current other payables
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Current borrowings | | | | |
| US$300 million of 7.300% Guaranteed Notes repayable in October 2006(i) | – | | 162 | |
| Loan Notes(ii) | 16 | | – | |
| Other current borrowings | – | | 1 | |
| | 16 | | 163 | |
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| Non-current borrowings | | | | |
| US$600 million of 6.875% Guaranteed Notes repayable in February 2009(i) | 299 | | 325 | |
| £100 million of 7.750% Guaranteed Notes repayable in July 2009(i) | 100 | | 100 | |
| US$650 million of 8.200% Guaranteed Notes repayable in July 2009(i) | 324 | | 351 | |
| US$750 million of 5.625% Guaranteed Notes repayable in October 2015(i) | 364 | | 400 | |
| £400 million of 5.750% Guaranteed Notes repayable in October 2017(i) | 397 | | 397 | |
| £300 million of 6.000% Guaranteed Notes repayable in May 2027(i) | 295 | | – | |
| US$350 million of 6.500% Guaranteed Notes repayable in October 2035(i) | 169 | | 184 | |
| Other non-current borrowings | – | | 1 | |
| Obligations under finance leases(iii) | 66 | | 67 | |
| | 2,014 | | 1,825 | |
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| Accruals | 10 | | 15 | |
| Deferred income | 74 | | 51 | |
| | 84 | | 66 | |
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(i) Guaranteed Notes
At 30 June 2007, the Group had in issue the following publicly-traded Guaranteed Notes:
US$600 million of 6.875% Guaranteed Notes, repayable in February 2009. At the time of issuing these notes, the US dollar proceeds were swapped into pounds sterling(£367 million) at an average fixed rate of 8.200%, payable semi-annually. In July 2003, the Group entered into an interest rate hedging arrangement in respect of £61 million of this swapped debt. The effect of this new hedging arrangement was that, from July 2003 until February 2009, the Group pays floating six months London Inter-Bank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a margin of 3.490% on £61 million of its swapped debt. However, at each six monthly reset date, the counterparty to this transaction has the right to cancel the transaction with immediate effect. In October 2003, the Group entered into a further hedging arrangement in respect of an additional £61 million of this swapped debt, the effect of which was to reduce the rate payable to 7.950% for the period August 2003 to February 2004. Thereafter, until August 2006, the rate payable is 7.950% plus any margin by which the floating six monthly LIBOR reset rate exceeds the sum of the previous reset rate plus 0.500% . Thereafter, the rate reverts to a fixed 8.180% . In February 2005, the 7.950% interest rate on this swap was renegotiated to 8.020% with all other aspects of the swap remaining unchanged.
£100 million of 7.750% Guaranteed Notes, repayable in July 2009. The fixed coupon is payable annually.
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
21. Borrowings and non-current other payables (continued)
US$650 million of 8.200% Guaranteed Notes, repayable in July 2009. At the time of issuing these notes, the US dollar proceeds were swapped into pounds sterling (£413 million) at an average fixed rate of 7.653% payable semi-annually.In December 2002 the Group entered into further swap arrangements relating to £63.5 million of this debt. These arrangements were subsequently amended in March 2003 and July 2004, the effect of which was to fix the interest rate on £63.5 million at 5.990% until January 2004, after which time it reverted to a floating six months LIBOR plus a margin of 2.460%, except that should LIBOR be less than 2.750% for the period January to July 2004, 2.890% for the period July 2004 to January 2005, or 2.990% thereafter, the effective rate shall be deemed to be 7.653% . After July 2004, the margin over LIBOR increased from 2.460% to 2.840% . In order to increase its exposure to floating rates, in July 2003, the Group entered into another interest rate hedging arrangement in respect of a further £63.5 million of the above-mentioned debt. The effect of this arrangement was that, from July 2003 until July 2009, the Group will pay floating six months LIBOR plus a margin of 2.8175% on this £63.5 million, except that should LIBOR be less than 2.750% for the period January to July 2004, or less than 2.990% thereafter, the Group shall revert back to 7.653% . At 30 June 2007, none of the floor levels had been breached; therefore, the Group continues to pay the relevant floating rates.
US$750 million of 5.625% Guaranteed Notes, repayable in October 2015, which were issued in October 2005. At the time of issuing these notes, the Group entered into swap transactions to convert the dollar proceeds to pounds sterling (£428 million), which carry interest at an average fixed rate of 5.401% until maturity, payable semi-annually. The Group entered into further interest rate hedging arrangements in respect of £257 million of this swapped debt. The effect of these arrangements was that, from October 2005 until October 2015, the Group will pay an average floating rate of six months LIBOR plus a margin of 0.698% on £257 million of its swapped debt.
£400 million of 5.750% Guaranteed Notes, repayable in October 2017, which were issued in October 2005. The fixed coupon is payable annually. On 14 June 2006, the Group entered into an interest rate hedging arrangement in respect of £20 million of this debt. The effect of this hedging arrangement is that, from October 2006 until October 2009, the Group will pay floating six months LIBOR plus a margin of 0.325% on £20 million of its debt. On the same date, the Group entered into a further interest rate hedging arrangement in respect of £10 million of this debt, to take effect from October 2009 and mature in October 2017. Under the terms of this swap the Group will pay floating six months LIBOR plus a margin of 0.325%. However, at each annual reset date from October 2009 to October 2017, the counterparty to this transaction has the right to cancel the transaction with immediate effect. On 21 June 2007, the Group entered into interest rate hedging arrangements in respect of a further £50 million of debt whereby, from June 2007, the Group will pay floating six months LIBOR minus 0.229% .
£300 million of 6.000% Guaranteed Notes, repayable in May 2027, which were issued in May 2007. The fixed coupon is payable annually.
US$350 million of 6.500% Guaranteed Notes, repayable in October 2035, which were issued in October 2005. At the time of issuing these notes, the Group entered into swap transactions to convert the dollar proceeds to pounds sterling (£200 million) at an average fixed rate of 5.826%, payable semi-annually.
During the year ended 30 June 2007, the Group repaid the US$300 million of 7.300% Guaranteed Notes on 16 October 2006.
(ii) Loan Notes
The Loan Notes were issued during the current year as part consideration for the purchase of 365 Media (see note 28), and are repayable at the option of the noteholders either on 30 June or on 31 December in any year between the first date on which all of the relevant holdings of Loan Notes had been in issue for more than six months and 31 December 2009. Under the terms of the Loan Notes, the Group pays floating twelve months LIBOR minus 1.000% . The coupon is payable annually.
(iii) Finance leases
The minimum lease payments under finance leases fall due as follows:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Within one year | 8 | | 8 | |
| Between one and two years | 8 | | 8 | |
| Between two and three years | 8 | | 8 | |
| Between three and four years | 8 | | 8 | |
| Between four and five years | 8 | | 8 | |
| After five years | 193 | | 201 | |
| | 233 | | 241 | |
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| Future finance charges on finance lease liabilities | (162 | ) | (169 | ) |
| Present value of finance lease liabilities | 71 | | 72 | |
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The main obligations under finance leases are in relation to:
(a) | finance arrangements in connection with the broadband network infrastructure. During the year, repayments of £7 million (2006: £7 million) were made against the lease. A proportion of these payments have been allocated against the capital outstanding. The lease bears interest at a rate of 11.1% and expires in March 2040. |
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(b) | finance arrangements in connection with the contact centre in Dunfermline. During the year, repayments of £1 million (2006: £1 million) were made against the lease. A proportion of these payments have been allocated against the capital amount outstanding. The lease bears interest at a rate of 8.5% and expires in September 2020. |
(iv) Revolving Credit Facility
In November 2004, the Company entered into a £1 billion RCF. This facility was used to cancel an existing £600 million RCF and is available for general corporate purposes. The £1 billion facility has a maturity date of July 2010, and interest accrues at a margin of between 0.45% and 0.55% above LIBOR, dependent on the Group’s leverage ratio of Net Debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation (“EBITDA”) (as defined in the loan agreement).
The RCF contains certain financial covenants which are tested at the end of each six-monthly accounting period. The key financial covenants are the ratio of Net Debt to EBITDA (as defined in the loan agreement) and EBITDA to Net Interest Payable (as defined in the loan agreement). Net Debt to EBITDA must be no more than 3:1 and EBITDA to Net Interest Payable must be at least 3.5:1.
At 30 June 2007, the ratio of Net Debt to EBITDA (as defined in the loan agreement) was 1.8:1 (2006: 0.8:1) . In the year ended 30 June 2007, the ratio of EBITDA to Net Interest Payable (as defined in the loan agreement) was 9.8:1 (2006: 11.2:1) .
Commitment fees of £2 million (2006: £2 million; 2005: £2 million) were payable for undrawn amounts available under the RCF, based on a rate equal to 40% of the applicable margin of 0.50% over LIBOR (30 June 2006: 40% of the applicable margin of 0.45% over LIBOR; 30 June 2005: 40% of the applicable margin of 0.45% over LIBOR).
The following guarantees are in place relating to the Group’s borrowings: (a) British Sky Broadcasting Limited, Sky Subscribers Services Limited, BSkyB Investments Limited, BSkyB Finance UK plc and BSkyB Publications Limited have given joint and several guarantees in relation to the Company’s £1 billion RCF, (b) British Sky Broadcasting Limited, Sky Subscribers Services Limited, BSkyB Finance UK plc, BSkyB Publications Limited and BSkyB Investments Limited have given joint and several guarantees in relation to the US$650 million, US$600 million, £300 million and £100 million Guaranteed Notes issued by the Company, (c) the Company, British Sky Broadcasting Limited, Sky Subscribers Services Limited, BSkyB Investments Limited and BSkyB Publications Limited have given joint and several guarantees in relation to the US$750 million, US$350 million and £400 million Guaranteed Notes issued by BSkyB Finance UK plc.
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22. Derivatives and other financial instruments
Set out below are the derivative financial instruments entered into by the Group, to manage its interest rate and foreign exchange risks.
| | 2007 | | | | | | | | | 2006 | | | | | |
| Designated | | | 2007 | | | 2007 | | | Designated | | 2006 | | 2006 | |
| hedging | | | Other | | | Asset | | | hedging | | Other | | Asset | |
| instruments | | | instruments | | | (liability) | | | instruments | | instruments | | (liability) | |
| £m | | | £m | | | £m | | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Current assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Currency options (collars) | 1 | | | – | | | 1 | | | 3 | | – | | 3 | |
| Embedded derivatives | – | | | 4 | | | 4 | | | – | | 1 | | 1 | |
| Forward exchange contracts | – | | | – | | | – | | | 1 | | 1 | | 2 | |
| Cross-currency swaps | – | | | – | | | – | | | 1 | | – | | 1 | |
| | 1 | | | 4 | | | 5 | | | 5 | | 2 | | 7 | |
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| Current liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Currency options (collars) | (13 | ) | | – | | | (13 | ) | | (10 | ) | – | | (10 | ) |
| Forward exchange contracts | (23 | ) | | – | | | (23 | ) | | (11 | ) | – | | (11 | ) |
| Cross-currency swaps | – | | | – | | | – | | | (28 | ) | – | | (28 | ) |
| | (36 | ) | | – | | | (36 | ) | | (49 | ) | – | | (49 | ) |
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| Non-current liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Interest rate swaps and swaptions | (11 | ) | | (6 | ) | | (17 | ) | | – | | (9 | ) | (9 | ) |
| Cross-currency swaps and basis swaps | (208 | ) | | (33 | ) | | (241 | ) | | (200 | ) | – | | (200 | ) |
| | (219 | ) | | (39 | ) | | (258 | ) | | (200 | ) | (9 | ) | (209 | ) |
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| | (254 | ) | | (35 | ) | | (289 | ) | | (244 | ) | (7 | ) | (251 | ) |
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Included within the fair value of forward exchange contracts are a number of US dollar-denominated forward exchange contracts which the Group has taken out with counterparty banks on behalf of three of its joint ventures: The History Channel (UK), Chelsea Digital Media Limited and Nickelodeon UK. On the same dates as these forward contracts were entered into, the Group entered into equal and opposite forward contracts with the respective joint ventures. As a result, the net fair value of these contracts to the Group was nil (2006: nil). The gross sterling equivalent face value of these forward contracts at 30 June 2007 was £5 million (2006: £7 million).
Group treasury activity
The Group’s treasury function is responsible for raising finance for the Group’s operations, together with associated liquidity management, and the management of foreign exchange, interest rate and credit risks. Treasury operations are conducted within a framework of policies and guidelines authorised and reviewed by both the Audit Committee and the Board, which receive regular updates of treasury activity. Derivative instruments are transacted for risk management purposes only. It is the Group’s policy that all hedging is to cover known risks and that no speculative trading in financial instruments is undertaken. Regular and frequent reporting to management is required for all transactions and exposures, and the internal control environment is subject to periodic review, both by the Group’s internal audit team and by its Treasury Committee.
The Group’s principal market risks are exposures to changes in interest rates and foreign exchange rates, which arise both from the Group’s sources of finance and from its operations. Following evaluation of those market risks, the Group selectively enters into derivative financial instruments to manage these exposures. The principal instruments currently used are interest rate swaps and options on interest rate swaps (“swaptions”) to hedge interest rate risks, and cross-currency swaps, forward exchange contracts, currency options (collars) and similar financial instruments to hedge transactional and translational currency exposures.
Interest rate risk
The Group has financial exposures to both UK and US interest rates, arising primarily from the Group’s long-term bonds and other borrowings. The Group’s hedging policy requires that between 50% and 75% of borrowings are held at fixed interest rates. This is achieved by issuing fixed rate bonds and then using interest rate swap and swaption agreements to adjust the balance between fixed and floating rate debt. The Group’s bank debt is at floating rates, and, when drawn, means that the mix of fixed and floating rate debt fluctuates and is therefore managed to ensure compliance with the Group’s hedging policy. At 30 June 2007, 74% of borrowings are held at fixed rates after hedging (30 June 2006: 75%). Certain of the swaption agreements can be cancelled prior to the maturity of the bonds to which they apply.
The Group’s US dollar-denominated debt has all been swapped to pounds sterling using a combination of cross-currency and interest rate swap arrangements to convert both the principal amounts of debt, together with interest rate obligations, from US dollars to pounds sterling, at fixed exchange rates. The counterparties have a minimum long-term rating of “A” or equivalent from Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s. At 30 June 2007, the split of the Group’s aggregate borrowings into their core currencies was US dollar 57% and pounds sterling 43% (30 June 2006: US dollar 72% and pounds sterling 28%).
The Group has designated a number of cross-currency swap agreements as cash flow hedges of 81% (30 June 2006: 100%) of the Group’s exposure to US dollar interest rates on elements of the Group’s US dollar denominated Guaranteed Notes. As such, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the swaps designated and qualifying as cash flow hedging instruments is reported as a component of the hedging reserve, outside of the income statement, and is then reclassified into the income statement in the same period that the forecast transactions affect the income statement (i.e. when the interest expense is incurred and/or gains or losses relating to the retranslation of US dollar denominated debt principal are recognised in the income statement). Any hedge ineffectiveness on the swaps is recognised directly in profit or loss. The ongoing effectiveness testing is performed using the cumulative dollar-offset approach. During the year ended 30 June 2007, there were no instances where the hedge relationship was not highly effective (30 June 2006: no instances).
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Annual Report 2007 |
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
22. Derivatives and other financial instruments (continued)
The Group has designated a number of interest rate swap agreements as fair value hedges of 14% (30 June 2006: nil) of the Group’s debt portfolio. Movements in the fair value of the hedged items are taken to the income statement and are offset by movements in the fair value of the hedging instruments, which are also taken to the income statement. Any hedge ineffectiveness on the swaps is recognised directly in profit and loss. Ongoing effectiveness testing is performed using the cumulative dollar-offset approach. During the year ended 30 June 2007, there were no instances where the hedge relationship was not highly effective (2006: no instances).
Swaption agreements which convert fixed interest rates to floating interest rates and cross-currency swaps which convert floating rate US dollar interest to floating rate pounds sterling interest have not been designated as hedging instruments for hedge accounting purposes and, as such, movements in their value are recorded directly in the income statement.
The fair value of the Group’s debt-related interest rate and currency derivative portfolio at 30 June 2007 was a £258 million net liability, with net notional principal amounts totalling £1,487 million. This compares to a £236 million net liability at 30 June 2006 and net notional principal amounts totalling £1,596 million. The fair value of the Group’s derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges at 30 June 2007 was a £208 million net liability (30 June 2006: £227 million net liability). The fair value of the Group’s derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges at 30 June 2007 was a £11 million net liability (30 June 2006: nil).
In November 2004, the Group entered into a £1,000 million RCF. At 30 June 2007, the facility was undrawn (30 June 2006: undrawn). The facility has a maturity date of July 2010, and interest accrues at a margin of between 0.45% and 0.55% per annum above LIBOR, dependent on the Group’s leverage ratio of Net Debt to EBITDA (as defined in the loan agreement). The current applicable margin is 0.50% (30 June 2006 0.45%), which is based on a net debt to EBITDA ratio of below 2.00:1 but above 1.00:1. Should the ratio increase above 2.00:1, the margin increases to 0.55% . Should the ratio decrease to 1.00:1 or below, the margin will decrease to 0.45% above LIBOR. The ratio of net debt to EBITDA at 30 June 2007 was 1.8:1 (30 June 2006: 0.8:1) .
At 30 June 2007, a one percentage point movement in interest rates would result in a £3 million movement in the Group’s annual net finance cost, defined as annual investment income less finance costs (2006: £3 million; 2005: £3 million) generated by interest receivable and payable on bank accounts, bank loan, RCF and interest swap and swaption agreements.
At 30 June 2007, 30 June 2006 and 30 June 2005, the Group’s annual finance costs would be unaffected by any change to the Group’s credit rating in either direction.
Foreign exchange risk
The Group’s revenue is substantially denominated in pounds sterling, whilst a proportion of operating expense is denominated in US dollars. In the current year 7% of operating expense (£261 million) was denominated in US dollars (2006: 9% (£297 million)). This expense relates mainly to the Group’s programming contracts with US suppliers.
During the year, the Group managed its currency exposure on US dollar denominated programming contracts by the purchase of forward exchange contracts and currency options (collars) for up to five years ahead. All US dollar-denominated forward exchange contracts and collars entered into by the Group are in respect of firm commitments only and those instruments maturing over the year following 30 June 2007 represent approximately 80% (2006: 80%) of US dollar denominated costs falling due in that year. At 30 June 2007, the Group had outstanding commitments to purchase, in aggregate, US$634 million (2006: US$626 million) at an average rate of US$1.85 to £1.00 (2006: US$1.81 to £1.00). In addition, collars were held relating to the purchase of a total of US$288 million (2006: US$336 million).
The Group has designated a number of forward exchange contracts and collars as cash flow hedges of up to approximately 80% (2006: 80%) of the Group’s exposure to US dollar payments on its programming contracts with US movie licensors for a period of five years, thereafter nil (2006: five years, thereafter nil). As such, the effective portion of
the gain or loss on these contracts is reported as a component of the hedging reserve, outside the income statement, and is transferred to the income statement as the forecast transactions affect the income statement (i.e. when US dollar-denominated trade payables are retranslated and related programming inventory is amortised through the income statement). For currency options (collars), hedge accounting is only applied to changes in intrinsic value. For forward exchange contracts, hedge accounting is applied to changes in the full fair value. Any hedge ineffectiveness on the forward exchange contracts and collars is recognised directly in the income statement. The ongoing effectiveness testing is performed using the dollar-offset approach. If forecast transactions are no longer expected to occur, any amounts included in the hedging reserve related to that forecast transaction would be recognised directly in the income statement. Certain forward exchange contracts and collars have not been designated as hedges and movements in their values continue to be recorded directly in the income statement.
The Group’s primary euro exposure arises as a result of revenue generated from subscribers in Ireland. Approximately 6% of revenue in the year (2006: 5%; 2005: 3%) was denominated in euros. The Group’s exposure to euro-denominated revenue is offset to a certain extent by euro-denominated costs, relating mainly to certain transponder rentals, the net position being a euro surplus (2006: surplus; 2005: surplus).
78 million euros were exchanged for US dollars on currency spot markets during the year (2006: 58 million euros) and 15 million surplus euros were exchanged for pounds sterling (2006: 51 million surplus euros). At 30 June 2007, 61 million euros (£41 million) were retained by the Group (2006: 55 million euros (£37 million)).
It is the Group’s policy that all anticipated foreign currency exposures are substantially hedged in advance of the fiscal year in which the exposure occurs. The impact on the Group’s profit for the year of a 10% movement in pounds sterling against all currencies in which it has significant transactions is estimated to be a £9 million (2006: £1 million; 2005: £8 million) movement in the income statement, with a strengthening of pounds sterling resulting in a decrease in profit for the year.
Credit risk
The Group is exposed to default risk amounting to invested cash and cash equivalents and short-term deposits, and the positive fair value of derivatives held. However, as financial transactions and instruments are only executed with counter parties that are all ‘A’ long-term rating or better and the Group’s policy is to ensure that investments are spread across a number of counterparties, these risks are deemed to be low.
Liquidity risk
The Group’s financial liabilities are shown in note 21, other than trade and other payables, shown in note 19, and provisions, shown in note 20.
To ensure continuity of funding, the Group’s policy is to ensure that available funding matures over a period of years. At 30 June 2007, 43% (2006: 35%) of the Group’s total available funding (including undrawn amounts on our RCF) was due to mature in more than five years.
At 30 June 2007, the Group’s RCF was undrawn (30 June 2006: undrawn). The Group’s undrawn committed bank facilities, subject to covenants, are as follows:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Expiring in more than three years but not more | | | | |
| than four years | 1,000 | | – | |
| Expiring in more than four years but not more than | | | | |
| five years | – | | 1,000 | |
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The Group’s RCF has a maturity date of July 2010.
On 3 April 2007, the Group established a Euro Medium Term Note Programme (the “Programme”). The Programme provides the Group with a standardised documentation platform to allow for senior debt issuance in the Eurobond markets. The maximum potential issuance under the Programme is £1 billion. On 14 May 2007, under the Programme the Group issued £300 million aggregate principal amount of Eurobonds paying 6.000% interest and maturing on 14 May 2027.
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Fair values
Set out below is a comparison by category of the book values and the estimated fair values of the Group’s financial assets and financial liabilities at 30 June 2007 and 30 June 2006:
| | 2007 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | |
| | Book | | | Fair | | | Book | | | Fair | |
| | value | | | value | | | value | | | value | |
| | £m | | | £m | | | £m | | | £m | |
| Financial assets and liabilities held or issued to finance the Group’s operations | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Quoted bond debt | (1,948 | ) | | (1,938 | ) | | (1,919 | ) | | (1,919 | ) |
| Derivative financial instruments | (289 | ) | | (289 | ) | | (251 | ) | | (251 | ) |
| Loan Notes | (16 | ) | | (16 | ) | | – | | | – | |
| Obligations under finance leases and other | | | | | | | | | | | |
| borrowings | (66 | ) | | (66 | ) | | (69 | ) | | (69 | ) |
| Available-for-sale investments | 797 | | | 797 | | | 2 | | | 2 | |
| Short-term deposits | 15 | | | 15 | | | 647 | | | 647 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 435 | | | 435 | | | 816 | | | 816 | |
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The fair value of quoted bond debt is based on year-end mid-market quoted prices. The fair value of derivative financial instruments is estimated by calculating the differences between the contracted rates and the appropriate market rates prevailing at the year-ends. The fair value of obligations under finance leases and other borrowings is estimated by discounting the future cash flows to net present value. The fair value of short-term deposits and cash and cash equivalents is equivalent to book value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
The differences between book values and fair values reflect unrealised gains or losses inherent in the financial instruments, based on valuations as at 30 June 2007 and 30 June 2006. The volatile nature of the markets means that values at any subsequent date could be significantly different from the values reported above.
In addition to the financial assets and liabilities in the above fair value table, the Group had holdings in the equity share capital of other listed and unlisted entities at 30 June 2007 and 30 June 2006 (see note 15).
The Group also had holdings in joint ventures and associates, which are accounted for using the equity method (see note 14). As these investments are unlisted, their fair value cannot be measured reliably.
Additional information
The estimated net amount of existing losses which are included in the hedging reserve at 30 June 2007 that are expected to be transferred to the income statement within the next year is £26 million, net of tax (2006: £7 million, net of tax; 2005: £15 million, net of tax).
During the current year, the Group recognised amounts of less than £1 million in the income statement due to hedge ineffectiveness (2006: nil).
At 30 June 2007, the carrying value of financial assets that were, upon initial recognition, designated as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, was nil (2006: £148 million).
On 25 November 2005, the Group entered into a stock loan arrangement with a third party whereby the Group acquired a £100m basket of listed shares (the “Initial Purchase”) and, at the same time, the Group agreed to sell the basket of listed shares at the same price as the Initial Purchase on 25 November 2006. During the period of share ownership, Sky was entitled to all rights of ownership associated with the shares. At 30 June 2006, the Group recorded the stock loan arrangement as a short-term deposit at fair value with changes in fair value taken to the income statement. The arrangement was terminated on 25 November 2006.
23. Share capital
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Authorised ordinary shares of 50p | | | | |
| 3,000,000,000 (2006: 3,000,000,000) | 1,500 | | 1,500 | |
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| Allotted, called-up and fully paid | | | | |
| 1,752,842,599 (2006: 1,791,077,599) | 876 | | 896 | |
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| | Number of | | Number of | |
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| | shares | | shares | |
| Allotted and fully paid during the year | | | | |
| Beginning of year | 1,791,077,599 | | 1,867,523,599 | |
| Shares repurchased and subsequently cancelled | (38,235,000 | ) | (76,446,000 | ) |
| End of year | 1,752,842,599 | | 1,791,077,599 | |
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The Company has one class of ordinary shares which carry equal voting rights and no contractual right to receive payment.
Share option and contingent share award schemes
The Company operates various equity-settled share option schemes (the “Schemes”) for certain employees.
The number of newly issued shares which may be allocated under the Schemes on any day shall not, when aggregated with the number of newly issued shares which have been allocated in the previous ten years under the Schemes and any other employee share scheme adopted by the Company, exceed such number as represents five percent of the ordinary share capital of the Company in issue immediately prior to that day. In determining this limit no account shall be taken of any newly issued shares where the right to acquire the newly issued shares was released, lapsed, cancelled or otherwise became incapable of exercise. Options and awards which will be satisfied by ESOP shares do not fall within these headroom limits.
The share awards outstanding can be summarised as follows:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | Number of | | Number of | |
| | ordinary | | ordinary | |
| | shares | | shares | |
| Executive Share Option Scheme options(i) | 24,909,710 | | 36,289,000 | |
| Sharesave Scheme options(ii) | 5,795,544 | | 5,149,576 | |
| Management LTIP awards(iii) | 11,306,811 | | 4,103,306 | |
| LTIP awards(iv) | 7,965,417 | | 6,073,333 | |
| Key Contributors Plan (“KCP”) awards(v) | 14,237 | | 917,518 | |
| Equity Bonus Plan (“EBP”) awards(vi) | – | | 235,000 | |
| | 49,991,719 | | 52,767,733 | |
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(i) Executive Share Option Scheme options
Included within the total Executive Share Option Scheme options outstanding at 30 June 2007 are 22,955,210 options (2006: 34,094,411) which may be exercised in the final year before their lapsing date, regardless of meeting performance criteria, provided that the employee remains in employment with the Group. Where performance criteria are achieved, the options may be exercised immediately following the end of the vesting period (being the term over which the performance criteria are required to be met). The remaining 1,954,500 options (2006: 2,194,589) have no performance criteria attached, other than the requirement that the employee remains in employment with the Group. The contractual life of all Executive Share Option Scheme options is ten years.
Grants under the Executive Share Option Scheme were made on an annual basis to selected employees, with the exercise price of options being equal to the Company’s share price on the date of grant. For those options with performance conditions, growth in EPS has to exceed growth in the Retail Prices Index plus 3% per annum in order for awards to vest. Options vest on an accelerated basis over a period of up to four years from the date of grant.
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Annual Report 2007 |
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
23. Share capital (continued)
(ii) Sharesave Scheme options
All Sharesave Scheme options outstanding at 30 June 2007 and 30 June 2006 have no performance criteria attached, other than the requirement that the employee remains in employment with the Group. Options granted under the Sharesave scheme must be exercised within six months of the relevant award vesting date.
The Sharesave Scheme is open to all employees. Options are normally exercisable after either three, five or seven years from the date of grant. The price at which options are offered is not less than 80% of the middle-market price on the dealing day immediately preceding the date of invitation. It is the policy of the Group to make an invitation to employees to participate in the scheme following the announcement of the end of year results.
(iii) Management LTIP awards
All Management LTIP awards outstanding at 30 June 2007 and 30 June 2006 vest only if performance conditions are met. Awards granted under the Management LTIP must be exercised within one year of the relevant award vesting date.
The Company grants awards to selected employees under the Management LTIP. Awards under this scheme mirror the LTIP, with the same performance conditions. Awards exercised under the Management LTIP can only be satisfied by the issue of market-purchased shares.
(iv) LTIP awards
All LTIP awards outstanding at 30 June 2007 and 30 June 2006 vest only if performance conditions are met. Awards granted under the LTIP must be exercised within one year of the relevant award vesting date.
The Company operates the LTIP for Executive Directors and Senior Executives. Awards under the scheme are granted in the form of a nil-priced option, and are satisfied using market-purchased shares. The awards vest in full or in part dependent on the satisfaction of specified performance targets. 30% of the award vests dependent on TSR performance over a three year performance period, relative to the constituents of the FTSE 100 at the time of grant, and the remaining 70% vests dependent on performance against operational targets.
(v) KCP awards
All KCP awards outstanding at 30 June 2007 and 30 June 2006 vest only if performance conditions are met. The contractual life of all KCP awards is ten years.
Designated managers participated in the KCP, which was a replica scheme of the LTIP, with the same performance conditions. Awards exercised under the KCP can only be satisfied by the issue of shares purchased in the market.
(vi) EBP awards
All EBP awards outstanding at 30 June 2006 vest only if performance conditions were met. The contractual life of these awards was ten years.
The EBP operated for Executive Directors and Senior Executives. Awards under the plan were made in the form of a contingent right to acquire the Company’s shares, for nil consideration, which are acquired in the market, and were subject to performance achieved in the financial year of award.
The movement in share awards outstanding is summarised in the following table:
| | 2007 | | | 2007 | | | 2006 | | | 2006 | |
| | Number of | | | Weighted | | | Number of | | | Weighted | |
| | shares | | | average | | | shares | | | average | |
| | under | | | exercise | | | under | | | exercise | |
| | option | | | price | | | option | | | price | |
| Outstanding at 1 July | 52,767,733 | | | £4.96 | | | 58,446,794 | | | £5.64 | |
| Granted during the year | 13,478,079 | | | £0.62 | | | 8,390,285 | | | £0.80 | |
| Exercised during the year | (8,343,434 | ) | | £4.47 | | | (4,160,336 | ) | | £3.85 | |
| Forfeited during the year | (7,768,714 | ) | | £4.63 | | | (9,906,234 | ) | | £5.90 | |
| Expired during the year | (141,945 | ) | | £4.93 | | | (2,776 | ) | | £4.85 | |
| Outstanding at 30 June | 49,991,719 | | | £3.93 | | | 52,767,733 | | | £4.96 | |
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The weighted average market price of the Group’s shares at the date of exercise for share options exercised during the year was £5.94 (2006: £5.48) . The middle-market closing price of the Company’s shares at 30 June 2007 was £6.40 (2006: £5.735) . The following table summarises information about share awards outstanding at 30 June 2007:
| | | | | 2007 | | | | | 2006 | |
| | | | Weighted | | | | | Weighted | |
| | | | average | | | | | average | |
| Range of | | | remaining | | | | | remaining | |
| Exercise | 2007 | | contractual | | | 2006 | | contractual | |
| Prices | Number | | life | | | Number | | life | |
| £0.00-£1.00 | 19,286,465 | | | 2.2 years | | | 11,329,157 | | 4.5 years | |
| £2.00-£3.00 | 277,874 | | | 1.2 years | | | 295,355 | | 2.2 years | |
| £3.00-£4.00 | 2,305,099 | | | 1.7 years | | | 2,630,543 | | 2.7 years | |
| £4.00-£5.00 | 2,888,496 | | | 3.2 years | | | 1,722,925 | | 3.2 years | |
| £5.00-£6.00 | 8,976,001 | | | 6.2 years | | | 16,744,201 | | 6.8 years | |
| £6.00-£7.00 | 6,789,744 | | | 5.0 years | | | 8,547,034 | | 6.0 years | |
| £7.00-£8.00 | 5,154,316 | | | 4.4 years | | | 6,285,648 | | 5.4 years | |
| £8.00-£9.00 | – | | | – | | | 26,668 | | 5.4 years | |
| £9.00-£10.00 | 4,176,903 | | | 3.4 years | | | 4,964,142 | | 4.4 years | |
| £10.00-£11.00 | – | | | – | | | 21,842 | | 3.9 years | |
| £11.00-£12.00 | 12,247 | | | 3.0 years | | | 57,860 | | 4.1 years | |
| £12.00-£13.00 | 124,574 | | | 3.0 years | | | 142,358 | | 4.0 years | |
| | 49,991,719 | | | 3.7years | | | 52,767,733 | | 5.4years | |
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The exercise prices of options outstanding at 30 June 2007 ranged from nil to £12.98 (2006: nil to £12.98) . The weighted average remaining contractual life of the 19,501,864 options which were exercisable at 30 June 2007 (2006: 21,519,271) was 4.5 years (2006: 5.0 years), and their weighted average exercise price was £7.28 (2006: £7.40).
Information for awards granted during the year
The weighted average fair value of equity-settled share options granted during the year, as estimated at the date of grant, was £4.02 (2006: £3.27; 2005: £2.37) .. This was calculated using the Black-Scholes share option pricing model, except for awards which have market-based performance conditions, where a Monte-Carlo simulation model was used, and for grants of nil-priced options, which were treated as the award of a free share.
The Monte-Carlo simulation model reflected the historical volatilities of the Company’s share price and those of all other companies to which the Company’s performance would be compared, over a period equal to the vesting period of the options. The fair value of nil-priced options granted during the year was measured on the basis of the market-price of the Company’s shares on the date of grant, discounted for expected dividends which would not be received over the vesting period of the options.
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Weighted average fair value assumptions
The following weighted average assumptions were used in these option pricing models:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| Share price | £5.51 | | £5.13 | | £4.93 | |
| Exercise price | £0.62 | | £0.80 | | £3.57 | |
| Expected volatility | 23.8% | | 25.9% | | 41.5% | |
| Expected life | 3.0 years | | 2.0 years | | 3.5 years | |
| Expected dividends | 2.2% | | 1.8% | | 1.0% | |
| Risk-free interest rate | 4.8% | | 4.3% | | 4.8% | |
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Expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Company’s share price, over a period equal to the expected life of the options. Expected life was based on the contractual life of the options and adjusted, based on management’s best estimate, for the effects of exercise restrictions and behavioural considerations.
24. Reconciliation of shareholders’ equity
| | | | | | | | | | Available- | | | | | | Total | |
| | Share | | Share | | ESOP | | Hedging | | for-sale | | Other | | Retained | | shareholders’ | |
| | capital | | premium | | reserve | | reserve | | reserve | | reserves | | earnings | | equity | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| At 1 July 2005 | 934 | | 1,437 | | (32 | ) | (14 | ) | – | | 273 | | (2,411 | ) | 187 | |
| Purchase of own equity shares for cancellation | (38 | ) | – | | – | | – | | – | | 38 | | (408 | ) | (408 | ) |
| Recognition and transfer of cash flow hedges | – | | – | | – | | (54 | ) | – | | – | | – | | (54 | ) |
| Tax on items taken directly to equity | – | | – | | – | | 16 | | – | | – | | 2 | | 18 | |
| Share-based payment | – | | – | | 7 | | – | | – | | – | | 11 | | 18 | |
| Profit for the year | – | | – | | – | | – | | – | | – | | 551 | | 551 | |
| Dividends | – | | – | | – | | – | | – | | – | | (191 | ) | (191 | ) |
| At 30 June 2006 | 896 | | 1,437 | | (25 | ) | (52 | ) | – | | 311 | | (2,446 | ) | 121 | |
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| Purchase of own equity shares for cancellation | (20 | ) | – | | – | | – | | – | | 20 | | (214 | ) | (214 | ) |
| Recognition and transfer of cash flow hedges | – | | – | | – | | 39 | | – | | – | | – | | 39 | |
| Tax on items taken directly to equity | – | | – | | – | | (12 | ) | – | | – | | 5 | | (7 | ) |
| Revaluation of available-for-sale investments | – | | – | | – | | – | | (151 | ) | – | | – | | (151 | ) |
| Share-based payment | – | | – | | (29 | ) | – | | – | | – | | 22 | | (7 | ) |
| Profit for the year | – | | – | | – | | – | | – | | – | | 499 | | 499 | |
| Dividends | – | | – | | – | | – | | – | | – | | (233 | ) | (233 | ) |
| At 30 June 2007 | 876 | | 1,437 | | (54 | ) | (25 | ) | (151 | ) | 331 | | (2,367 | ) | 47 | |
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To provide a more concise presentation of shareholders’ equity, management has chosen to re-analyse the reserves reported, consolidating the capital redemption reserve, merger reserve, foreign currency translation reserve and special reserve into a single column described as ‘other reserves’.
Share premium and special reserve
On 10 December 2003, the High Court approved a reduction in the Company’s share premium account of £1,120 million, as approved by the Company’s shareholders at the AGM held on 14 November 2003. This amount was equal to the Company-only profit and loss account reserve deficit at 30 June 2003. As part of the application, the Company’s balance sheet at 30 September 2003 was required to be presented. At that date, the deficit on the Company-only profit and loss account reserve had reduced by £14 million since 30 June 2003, to £1,106 million. As a condition of the reduction, the reduction in the share premium account of £1,120 million was permitted to be offset against the profit and loss account reserve by the amount of the deficit at 30 September 2003. The excess of £14 million was credited to a special reserve, and, under the terms of the reduction, will remain undistributable until all the creditors of the Company and its guarantors (as at 10 December 2003) are paid.
Purchase of own equity shares for cancellation and capital redemption reserve
On 12 November 2004, the Company’s shareholders approved a resolution at the AGM for the Company to purchase up to 97 million ordinary shares. On 4 November 2005, the Company’s shareholders approved a resolution at the AGM for the Company to further purchase up to 92 million ordinary shares (the “2005 resolution”). During the year ended 30 June 2006, the Company purchased, and subsequently cancelled, 76 million ordinary shares at an average price of £5.30 per share, with a nominal value of £38 million, for a consideration of £408 million including stamp duty and commission of £3 million. During the year ended 30 June 2007, the Company purchased, and subsequently cancelled, a further 38 million ordinary shares at an average price of £5.55, with a nominal value of £20 million, for a consideration of £214 million including stamp duty and commission of £2 million. The nominal value of the shares cancelled has been credited to other reserves.
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
24. Reconciliation of shareholders’ equity (continued)
The following table provides information about purchases of equity shares by the company, including purchases by the Group’s ESOP, during the fiscal year.
| | | | | | | | Maximum number | |
| | | | | | | | of shares that may | |
| | | | | | Total number of shares | | yet be purchased | |
| | Total number of | | Average price | | purchased as part of | | as part of | |
| Period | shares purchased(i) | | paid per share | | the 2005 resolution | | the 2005 resolution | |
| July | 2,902,173 | | £5.63 | | 2,902,173 | | 35,332,827 | |
| August | 14,417,300 | | £5.51 | | 14,417,300 | | 20,915,527 | |
| September | 20,345,527 | | £5.58 | | 20,345,527 | | 570,000 | |
| October | 570,000 | | £5.42 | | 570,000 | | – | |
| November | 2,400,000 | | £5.61 | | – | | – | |
| December | – | | – | | – | | – | |
| January | – | | – | | – | | – | |
| February | – | | – | | – | | – | |
| March | 2,400,000 | | £5.55 | | – | | – | |
| April | – | | – | | – | | – | |
| May | 4,700,000 | | £6.29 | | – | | – | |
| June | 3,000,000 | | £6.50 | | – | | – | |
| Total for the year ended 30 June 2007 | 50,735,000 | | | | 38,235,000 | | | |
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(i) | All share purchases were open market transactions and are included in the month of settlement. |
ESOP reserve
The cost of the Company’s ordinary shares held by the Group’s ESOP is treated as a deduction in arriving at total shareholders’ equity. The movement in the ESOP reserve was as follows:
| | Number of | | Average | | | |
| | ordinary | | price paid | | | |
| | shares | | per share | | £m | |
| At 1 July 2005 | 5,609,212 | | £5.78 | | 32 | |
| Share options exercised during the year | (4,160,336 | ) | £5.83 | | (24 | ) |
| Shares purchased by the ESOP during the year | 3,000,000 | | £5.67 | | 17 | |
| At 30 June 2006 | 4,448,876 | | £5.66 | | 25 | |
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| Share options exercised during the year | (8,343,434 | ) | £5.62 | | (47 | ) |
| Shares purchased by the ESOP during the year | 12,500,000 | | £6.07 | | 76 | |
| At 30 June 2007 | 8,605,442 | | £6.29 | | 54 | |
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Hedging reserve
Changes in the fair values of derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges are initially recognised in the hedging reserve, and subsequently recognised in the income statement when the related hedged items are recognised in the income statement. In addition, deferred taxation relating to these derivatives is also initially recognised in the hedging reserve prior to transfer to the income statement.
Available-for-sale reserve
Available-for-sale investments are carried at fair value where this can be reliably measured, with movements in the fair value recognised directly in the available-for-sale reserve.
Other reserves
The Group’s other reserves include a capital redemption reserve, a merger reserve, a foreign currency translation reserve, and a special reserve. The capital redemption reserve was £95 million as at 30 June 2007 (2006: £75 million). The merger reserve was £222 million as at 30 June 2007 (2006: £222 million). The special reserve was £14 million as at 30 June 2007 (2006: £14 million). The foreign currency translation reserve was less than £1 million as at 30 June 2007 (2006: less than £1 million).
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Annual Report 2007 |
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25. Notes to the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement
a) Reconciliation of profit before taxation to cash generated from operations
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Profit before taxation | 724 | | 798 | | 787 | |
| Depreciation of property, plant and equipment | 120 | | 89 | | 47 | |
| Amortisation of intangible assets | 72 | | 51 | | 45 | |
| Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment | – | | – | | 2 | |
| Profit on disposal of joint venture | – | | – | | (9 | ) |
| Net finance costs | 103 | | 91 | | 58 | |
| Share of results of joint ventures and associates | (12 | ) | (12 | ) | (14 | ) |
| | 1,007 | | 1,017 | | 916 | |
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| (Increase) decrease in trade and other receivables | (47 | ) | (102 | ) | 34 | |
| (Increase) decrease in inventories | (59 | ) | 31 | | 28 | |
| Increase (decrease) in trade and other payables | 101 | | 55 | | (67 | ) |
| Increase (decrease) in provisions | 1 | | (13 | ) | 12 | |
| Decrease in derivative financial instruments | 4 | | 16 | | 66 | |
| Cash generated from operations | 1,007 | | 1,004 | | 989 | |
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b) Major non-cash movements
Corporate reorganisation
On 13 April 2005, the High Court approved a reduction in the share capital of BSkyB Investments Limited, a 100% owned subsidiary. This formed part of a corporate reorganisation, allowing the Company access to significant additional distributable reserves.
26. Contracted commitments, contingencies and guarantees
a) Future minimum expenditure contracted for but not recognised in the financial statements
| | Year | | Year | | Year | | Year | | Year | | | | | | | |
| | ending | | ending | | ending | | ending | | ending | | | | Total at | | Total at | |
| | 30 June | | 30 June | | 30 June | | 30 June | | 30 June | | After | | 30 June | | 30 June | |
| | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | | 5 years | | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Television programme rights(i) | 919 | | 871 | | 710 | | 90 | | 31 | | 17 | | 2,638 | | 3,260 | |
| Set-top boxes and related equipment | 181 | | 6 | | – | | – | | – | | – | | 187 | | 91 | |
| Third party payments(ii) | 35 | | 35 | | 33 | | 9 | | 5 | | 1 | | 118 | | 30 | |
| Transponder capacity(iii) | 64 | | 56 | | 37 | | 32 | | 30 | | 112 | | 331 | | 420 | |
| Property, plant and equipment | 16 | | – | | – | | – | | – | | – | | 16 | | 24 | |
| Intangible asset | 4 | | – | | – | | – | | – | | – | | 4 | | 1 | |
| Other | 41 | | 15 | | 2 | | – | | – | | – | | 58 | | 31 | |
| | 1,260 | | 983 | | 782 | | 131 | | 66 | | 130 | | 3,352 | | 3,857 | |
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For the avoidance of doubt, any foreign currency commitments are translated to pounds sterling at the rate prevailing 30 June 2007.
(i) | At 30 June 2007, the Group had minimum television programming rights commitments of £2,638 million (2006: £3,260 million), of which £527 million (2006: £667 million) related to commitments payable in US dollars for periods of up to six years (2006: six years). |
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| Assuming that movie subscriber numbers remain unchanged from current levels, an additional £284 million (US$569 million) of commitments (2006: £363 million,(US$671 million)) would also be payable in US dollars, relating to price escalator clauses. The pound sterling television programme rights commitments include similar price escalation clauses that would result in additional commitments of £10 million (2006: £2 million) if subscriber numbers were to remain at current levels. |
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(ii) | The third party payment commitments are in respect of distribution agreements for the television channels owned and broadcast by third parties, retailed by the Group to retail and commercial subscribers ("Sky Distributed Channels") and are for periods up to seven years (2006: five years). The extent of the commitment is largely dependent upon the number of retail subscribers to the relevant Sky Distributed Channels, and in certain cases, upon inflationary increases. If both the retail subscriber levels to these channels and the rate payable for each Sky Distributed Channel were to remain at current levels subject to inflationary increases, the additional commitment would be £968 million (2006: £491 million). |
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(iii) | Transponder capacity commitments are in respect of the Astra and Eurobird satellites that the Group uses for digital transmissions to both retail subscribers and cable operators. The commitments are for periods of up to thirteen years (2006: fourteen years). Three additional transponder agreements were entered into in the year ended 30 June 2006 to provide capacity to facilitate the launch of the Group’s HD services. No further agreements were entered into in the year ended 30 June 2007. |
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
26. Contracted commitments, contingencies and guarantees (continued)
b) Contingent assets
The Group has served a claim for a material amount against EDS (an information and technology solutions provider) which provided services to the Group as part of the Group’s investment in customer management systems software and infrastructure. The amount which may be recovered by the Group will not be finally determined until resolution of the claim.
c) Contingent liabilities and guarantees
In April 2007, Virgin Media Communications Limited, Virgin Media Television Limited and Virgin Media Limited issued proceedings in the High Court in England and Wales against British Sky Broadcasting Group plc and British Sky Broadcasting Limited, alleging that the Group has infringed Article 82 EC and the Chapter II prohibition by pursuing an anticompetitive strategy designed to weaken Virgin Media group, which allegedly entailed (i) a constructive refusal to supply the Group’s basic pay television channels to Virgin Media group for supply via Virgin Media group’s cable network in the UK; (ii) a refusal to pay fair prices for the right to carry Virgin Media group’s television channels as part of the Group’s retail channel offering; and (iii) the Group’s purchase of a significant shareholding in ITV (which purchase was, it is alleged, designed principally to damage Virgin Media group’s ability to compete in the supply of pay television services, by preventing Virgin Media group from obtaining access to attractive programming content). Virgin Media group seeks from the Court a declaration that the Group occupies a dominant market position in specified pay TV retail and purchasing markets in the UK and that the Group has, by its conduct as alleged, abused its dominant position(s) contrary to Article 82 EC and the Chapter II prohibition on these relevant markets. Virgin Media group also seeks mandatory injunctions requiring the Group to transact with Virgin Media group on fair and/or non-discriminatory terms for the supply of the Group’s basic pay television channels to Virgin Media and for the licensing of Virgin Media group’s television channels, for on-supply to the Group’s subscribers. Virgin Media group also seeks damages to compensate it for its alleged losses arising from the Group’s alleged conduct.
The Group intends to defend the proceedings vigorously and submitted its defence to the High Court on 2 July 2007 denying Virgin Media group’s allegations that it had infringed Article 82 EC or Chapter II prohibition. It is, at this stage, too early to estimate the likely outcome of the proceedings.
The Company and certain of its subsidiaries have undertaken, in the normal course of business, to provide support to several of the Group’s investments in both limited and unlimited companies and partnerships, to meet their liabilities as they fall due. Several of these undertakings contain maximum financial limits. These undertakings have been given for at least one year from the date of the signing of the UK statutory accounts of the related entity. A payment under these undertakings would be required in the event of an investment being unable to pay its liabilities. The Company has provided parental company guarantees of £14 million (2006: £14 million) to creditors of Hestview Limited and £10 million (2006: nil) to creditors of UK Online Limited.
The Company and certain of its subsidiaries have agreed to provide additional funding to several of its investments in limited and unlimited companies and partnerships, in accordance with funding agreements. Payment of this additional funding would be required if requested by the investees in accordance with the funding agreements. The maximum potential amount of future payments which may be required to be made by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries to its investments, in both limited and unlimited companies and partnerships under the undertakings and additional funding agreements, is £4 million (2006: £4 million).
The Group has guarantees in place relating to the Group’s borrowings, see note 21 – Borrowings and non-current other payables.
27. Operating lease commitments
The minimum lease rentals to be paid under non-cancellable operating leases at 30 June are as follows:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Within one year | 32 | | 28 | |
| Between one and two years | 27 | | 22 | |
| Between two and three years | 27 | | 18 | |
| Between three and four years | 22 | | 14 | |
| Between four and five years | 19 | | 13 | |
| After five years | 79 | | 49 | |
| | 206 | | 144 | |
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The majority of operating leases relate to property. The rents payable under these leases are subject to renegotiation at the various intervals specified in the leases.
The minimum sub-lease rentals to be received under non-cancellable operating sub-leases at 30 June are as follows:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Within one year | 3 | | 2 | |
| Between one and two years | 3 | | 2 | |
| Between two and three years | 3 | | 1 | |
| Between three and four years | 2 | | 1 | |
| Between four and five years | 2 | | 1 | |
| After five years | 3 | | 4 | |
| | 16 | | 11 | |
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Sub-lease rentals primarily relate to property leases.
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28. Purchase of subsidiaries
On 23 January 2007, the Group took control of 365 Media. The Group purchased 100% of the issued share capital for consideration of £105 million, satisfied by £89 million of cash and £16 million of issued Loan Notes. 365 Media is the parent company of a group of companies involved in the provision of sports content and betting websites in the UK. The purchase of 365 Media gives the Group an opportunity to expand its online sports content business and generate cost synergies through the integration of 365 Media’s betting platform with Sky Bet. This transaction has been accounted for under the purchase method.
| | Net book | | Fair value | | Recognised | |
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| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Net assets of 365 Media purchased | | | | | | |
| Goodwill | 9 | | (9 | ) | – | |
| Intangible assets | 3 | | 21 | | 24 | |
| Property, plant and equipment | 1 | | – | | 1 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | – | | (3 | ) | (3 | ) |
| Trade and other receivables | 11 | | – | | 11 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 7 | | – | | 7 | |
| Borrowings | (1 | ) | – | | (1 | ) |
| Trade and other payables | (11 | ) | – | | (11 | ) |
| | 19 | | 9 | | 28 | |
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| Provisional goodwill | | | | | 77 | |
| Total consideration | | | | | 105 | |
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| Satisfied by: | | | | | | |
| Ordinary shares purchased for cash (including the purchase of certain outstanding 365 Media share options) | | | | | 87 | |
| Ordinary shares purchased by the issue of Loan Notes (including the purchase of certain outstanding 365 Media share options) | | | | | 16 | |
| Directly attributable costs | | | | | 2 | |
| | | | | | 105 | |
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| Net cash outflow arising on the purchase of 365 Media | | | | | | |
| Cash paid | | | | | 89 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents purchased | | | | | (7 | ) |
| | | | | | 82 | |
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For the period between the date of purchase and 30 June 2007, 365 Media contributed £10 million to the Group’s revenue, £2 million loss to the Group’s profit before tax and a reduction of 0.1 pence in earnings per share. Had the Group taken control of 365 Media on the first day of the financial year, Group revenue for the year would have been £4,566 million (2006: £4,174 million), Group profit for the year would have been £491 million (2006: £550 million) and Group basic earnings per share would have been 28.0 pence (2006: 30.1 pence). Goodwill includes the value that the Group is expecting to generate from the cost synergies of integrating the betting platform and sports content feeds, and the workforce in place. Goodwill has been determined provisionally because the Group cannot be certain that all assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities have been identified. Initial accounting for the goodwill will be complete within 12 months of the purchase date.
In the year ended 30 June 2007, the Group also made the following immaterial acquisitions: You Me TV Limited, News Optimus Limited, Wisden Cricketer Publisher (Holding) Limited and Aura Sports Limited.
29. Transactions with related parties and major shareholders
a) Entities with joint control or significant influence
The Group conducts business transactions with companies that are part of the News Corporation group (“News Corporation”), a major shareholder:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Supply of services by the Group | 18 | | 21 | | 18 | |
| Purchases of goods or services by the Group | (195 | ) | (175 | ) | (163 | ) |
| Amounts owed by related parties to the Group | 1 | | 1 | | 1 | |
| Amounts owed to related parties by the Group | (36 | ) | (31 | ) | (34 | ) |
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Services supplied to News Corporation
During the year, the Group supplied programming, telephony, airtime, transmission, marketing and consultancy services to News Corporation.
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
29. Transactions with related parties and major shareholders (continued)
Purchases of goods and services from News Corporation
During the year, the Group purchased programming, digital equipment, smart cards and encryption services, set-top box technologies, telephony, advertising, IT services and rental premises from News Corporation companies.
On 18 December 2006, the Group purchased the freehold interest in a commercial property from News International Limited for cash consideration of £5 million. The purchase will facilitate and support the Group’s property development plans.
In March and April 2003, News Corporation Finance Trust II, in which News Corporation, directly or indirectly, owns all of the beneficial interests in the assets of the trust, issued and sold 0.75% Beneficial Unsecured Exchangeable Securities (“BUCS”), in a private placement to certain institutions. Each BUCS is exchangeable on or after 2 April 2004 for the value of reference shares, which initially consist of 77.09 ordinary shares of the Company for each US$1,000 original liquidation preference of BUCS. The BUCS may also be tendered for redemption on 15 March 2010, 15 March 2013 or 15 March 2018 for payment of the adjusted liquidation preference, which may be paid, at the election of the trust, in cash, ordinary shares of the Company, preferred American Depositary Shares of News Corporation representing the preferred limited voting ordinary shares of News Corporation, or a combination thereof. News Corporation and News America have agreed to indemnify the Group and the Group’s directors, officers, agents and employees against certain liabilities arising out of or in connection with the BUCS.
In November 1996, News Corporation, through subsidiaries, issued Exchangeable Trust Originated Preferred Securities (“Exchangeable TOPrS”), in a private placement to certain institutions. The Exchangeable TOPrS are exchangeable for certain other securities of subsidiaries of News Corporation, including warrants entitling the holders to purchase the Company’s ordinary shares, or American Depositary Shares representing the Company’s ordinary shares, from News America. The aggregate number of the Company’s ordinary shares subject to such warrants is 7,052,127. Upon the exercise of a warrant, News America has the right to elect to pay the holder in cash, in ordinary shares or American Depositary Shares, or any combination thereof. The warrants are redeemable at the option of News America, on or after 12 November 2001, and expire on 12 November 2016. News Corporation and News America have agreed to indemnify the Group and the Group’s directors, officers, agents and employees against certain liabilities arising out of or in connection with the Exchangeable TOPrS.
News Corporation has entered into an agreement with the Group pursuant to which it has been agreed that, for so long as News Corporation directly or indirectly holds an interest of 30% or more in the Group, News Corporation will not engage in the business of satellite broadcasting in the UK or Ireland.
Purchase of subsidiary from News Corporation
On 22 November 2006, the Group acquired the entire issued share capital of News Optimus for cash consideration of £4 million resulting in goodwill of £4 million. Prior to that date, News Optimus was a wholly-owned subsidiary of News International Limited, which is, in turn, a wholly-owned subsidiary of News International Holdings Limited. The ultimate parent company of News International Holdings Limited is News Corporation.
b) Joint ventures and associate
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Supply of services by the Group | 15 | | 14 | | 20 | |
| Purchases of goods or services by | | | | | | |
| the Group | (49 | ) | (46 | ) | (54 | ) |
| Amounts owed by joint ventures | | | | | | |
| and associates to the Group | 25 | | 23 | | 21 | |
| Amounts owed to joint ventures | | | | | | |
| and associates by the Group | (3 | ) | (5 | ) | (3 | ) |
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Revenue is primarily generated from the provision of transponder capacity, marketing, airtime sales and support services. Purchases represent fees payable for channel carriage. Amounts owed by joint ventures and associates include £17 million (2006: £16 million) relating to loan funding. These loans bear interest at rates of between three month LIBOR plus 0.45% and six month LIBOR plus 1.5% . The maximum amount of loan funding outstanding in total from joint ventures and associates during the year was £17 million (2006: £17 million).
The Group took out a number of forward exchange contracts with counterparty banks during the period on behalf of three joint ventures: The History Channel (UK), Chelsea Digital Media Limited and Nickelodeon UK. On the same dates as these forward contracts were entered into, the Group entered into equal and opposite contracts with the joint ventures in respect of these forward contracts.
The Group was not exposed to any net gains or losses on these forward contracts. The face value of forward exchange contracts that had not matured as at 30 June 2007 was £5 million (2006: £7 million).
During the year, US$13 million (2006: US$13 million; 2005: US$3 million) was paid to the joint ventures upon maturity of forward exchange contracts and US$1 million (2006: nil; 2005: nil) was received from joint ventures upon maturity of forward exchange contracts.
During the year, £7 million (2006: £7 million; 2005: £2 million) was received from the joint ventures upon maturity of forward exchange contracts.
On 30 June 2006, the Group increased its shareholding in MyKindaPlace Limited (“MKP”) from 49% to 100%. Prior to that date, the directors of MKP had included a close family member of two Directors of the Company.
c) Other transactions with related parties
A close family member of two Directors of the Company has a controlling interest in Shine Limited (“Shine”), in which the Group also has a 3% equity shareholding. During the year, the Group invested a further £1 million in Shine in order to acquire further equity shares in the company. Following this investment, the Group’s equity shareholding has remained at 3%. During the year, the Group incurred programming and production costs for television of £3 million (2006: £10 million; 2005: £4 million) from Shine. At 30 June 2007, and 30 June 2006 there were no outstanding amounts due to or from Shine.
A close family member of two Directors of the Company runs Freud Entertainment Limited, which has provided external support to the press and publicity activities of the Group during the year amounting to £1 million (2006: £1 million; 2005: £1 million). At 30 June 2007 and 30 June 2006, there were no outstanding amounts due to or from Freud Entertainment Limited.
In addition to the foregoing, the Group has engaged in a number of transactions, with companies of which some of the Company’s Directors are also directors.
d) Key management
The Group has a related party relationship with the Directors of the Group. At30 June 2007, there were 14 (2006: 15; 2005: 15) members of key management all of whom were Directors of the Company. Key management compensation is disclosed in note 7b.
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30. Group investments
The significant investments of the Company which principally affect the consolidated results and total assets of the Group are as follows:
| | Country of incorporation/ | Description and proportion | | |
| Name | operation | of shares held (%) | Principal activity | |
| Subsidiaries: | | | | |
| Direct holdings of the Company | | | | |
| British Sky Broadcasting Limited | England and Wales | 10,000,002 ordinary shares of £1 each (100%)(i) | Operation of a pay television broadcasting | |
| | | | service in the UK and Ireland | |
| Sky Television Limited | England and Wales | 13,376,982 ordinary shares of £1 each (100%) | Holding company | |
| | | | | |
| Sports Internet Group Limited | England and Wales | 38,432,302 ordinary shares of £0.05 each (100%) | Holding company | |
| | | | | |
| British Interactive Broadcasting Holdings Limited | England and Wales | 651,960 ordinary shares of £1 each (100%) | The transmission of interactive services | |
| | | | | |
| BSkyB Investments Limited | England and Wales | 100 ordinary shares of £1 each (100%) | Holding company | |
| | | | | |
| Sky Holdings Limited | England and Wales | 100 ordinary shares of £1 each (100%) | Holding company | |
| | | | | |
| BSkyB Finance UK plc | England and Wales | 50,000 ordinary shares of £1 each (100%) | Finance company | |
| | | | | |
| Subsidiaries: | | | | |
| Indirect holdings of the Company | | | | |
| Sky Subscribers Services Limited | England and Wales | 3 ordinary shares of £1 each (100%) | The provision of ancillary functions | |
| | | | supporting the pay television broadcasting | |
| | | | operations of the Group | |
| Sky In-Home Service Limited | England and Wales | 1,576,000 ordinary shares of £1 each (100%) | The supply, installation and maintenance of | |
| | | | satellite television receiving equipment | |
| Hestview Limited | England and Wales | 108 ordinary shares of £1 each (100%) | Licensed bookmakers | |
| | | | | |
| Sky Interactive Limited | England and Wales | 3 ordinary shares of £1 each (100%) | The provision of interactive television | |
| | | | services | |
| Sky Ventures Limited | England and Wales | 912 ordinary shares of £1 each (100%) | Holding company | |
| | | | | |
| British Sky Broadcasting SA | Luxembourg | 12,500 ordinary shares of £12 each (100%) | Satellite transponder leasing company | |
| | | | | |
| Sky New Media Ventures Limited | England and Wales | 12,500 ordinary shares of £1 each (100%) | Holding company | |
| | | | | |
| Easynet Group Limited | England and Wales | 121,308,490 ordinary shares of £0.04 each (100%) | Provision of Broadband networking | |
| | | | services in the UK and Europe | |
| 365 Media Group Plc(vi) | England and Wales | 151,970,072 ordinary shares of £0.01 each (100%) | Holding company | |
| | | | | |
| BSkyB Publications Limited | England and Wales | 2 ordinary shares of £1 each (100%) | The supply of magazines | |
| | | | | |
| Sky Broadband SA | Luxembourg | 310 ordinary shares of £100 each (100%) | Provision of broadband services | |
| | | | | |
| Joint ventures and associates | | | | |
| Nickelodeon UK | England and Wales | 104 B Shares of £0.01 each (40%) | The transmission of children’s television | |
| | | | channels | |
| The History Channel (UK) | England and Wales | 50,000 A Shares of £1 each (50%) | The transmission of history and biography | |
| | | | television programming | |
| Paramount UK(ii),(iii) | England and Wales | Partnership interest (25%) | The transmission of general entertainment | |
| | | | comedy channels | |
| Australian News Channel Pty Limited | Australia | 1 Ordinary Share of AUS$1 (33.33%) | The transmission of a news channel | |
| | | | | |
| MUTV Limited(iv) | England and Wales | 800 B Shares of £1 each (33.33%) | The transmission, production and | |
| | | | marketing of the Manchester United | |
| | | | football channel | |
| National Geographic Channel(v) | England and Wales | Partnership interest (50%) | The transmission of natural history and | |
| | | | adventure channels | |
| Attheraces Holdings Limited(iii) | England and Wales | 1,500 Ordinary Shares of £1 each (47.50%), 20 | The transmission of a horse racing channel | |
| | | Recoupment Shares of £0.01 each | and related on-line activities | |
| Chelsea Digital Media Limited | England and Wales | 42,648 B Shares of £0.01 each (35%) and 7m | The transmission, production and | |
| | | redeemable preference shares of £1 each | marketing of the Chelsea Football Club | |
| | | | football channel and website | |
| Investments | | | | |
| ITV | England and Wales | 696,046,825 ordinary shares of £0.10 each (17.9%) | The transmission of free-to-air channels | |
|
Notes |
(i) | 50.00001% directly held by British Sky Broadcasting Group plc and 49.99999% held indirectly by BSkyB Investments Limited. |
(ii) | The registered address of Paramount UK is 180 Oxford Street, London, W1D 1DS. |
(iii) | These entities accounting reference date is 31 December. |
(iv) | MUTV Limited accounting reference date is 30 September. |
(v) | The registered address of National Geographic Channel is Grant Way, Isleworth, Middlesex, TW7 5QD. |
(vi) | Subsequent to the purchase of 365 Media by the Group, the company changed its accounting reference date from 31 December to 30 June. |
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
31. Summary of differences between IFRS and US GAAP
(i) Differences giving rise to accounting adjustments
The Group’s accounts are prepared in accordance with IFRS, which differs in certain respects from US GAAP.
The following is a summary of the significant adjustments to operating income, net income, shareholders’ equity and certain other balance sheet items required when reconciling such amounts recorded in the accounts to the corresponding amounts in accordance with US GAAP.
| | Year ended | | Year ended | | Year ended | |
| | 30 June | | 30 June | | 30 June | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| | (Except per share data) | |
| Operating income: | | | | | | |
| Operating profit under IFRS | 815 | | 877 | | 822 | |
| Adjustments: | | | | | | |
| Employee stock-based | | | | | | |
| compensation(2) | (7 | ) | 1 | | 20 | |
| Derivative accounting(3) | (6 | ) | (2 | ) | – | |
| Capitalised interest(4) | (4 | ) | (3 | ) | (2 | ) |
| Operating income under US GAAP | 798 | | 873 | | 840 | |
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| Net income: | | | | | | |
| Profit for the year under IFRS | 499 | | 551 | | 578 | |
| Adjustments: | | | | | | |
| Goodwill(1) | – | | – | | (23 | ) |
| Employee stock-based | | | | | | |
| compensation(2) | (7 | ) | 1 | | 20 | |
| Derivative accounting(3) | (11 | ) | (8 | ) | (2 | ) |
| Capitalised interest(4) | (3 | ) | 4 | | 11 | |
| Pre-consolidation results(5) | – | | (2 | ) | – | |
| Deferred taxation(6) | 1 | | 5 | | (7 | ) |
| Net income under US GAAP | 479 | | 551 | | 577 | |
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| Basic earnings per share under | | | | | | |
| US GAAP(8) | 27.3 | p | 30.2 | p | 30.2 | p |
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| Diluted earnings per share under | | | | | | |
| US GAAP(8) | 27.1 | p | 30.1 | p | 30.1 | p |
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| | As at | | As at | |
| | 30 June | | 30 June | |
| | 2007 | | 2006 | |
| | £m | | £m | |
| Shareholders’ equity: | | | | |
| Capital and reserves under IFRS | 47 | | 121 | |
| Adjustments: | | | | |
| Goodwill(1) | 614 | | 616 | |
| Employee stock-based compensation(2) | (52 | ) | 7 | |
| Capitalised interest(4) | 21 | | 24 | |
| Deferred taxation(6) | (14 | ) | (9 | ) |
| Shareholders’ equity under US GAAP | 616 | | 759 | |
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| Total assets: | | | | |
| Under IFRS | 3,920 | | 3,787 | |
| Adjustments: | | | | |
| Goodwill(1) | 614 | | 602 | |
| Capitalised interest(4) | 21 | | 24 | |
| Deferred taxation(6) | (14 | ) | (9 | ) |
| Debt issue costs(7) | 19 | | 15 | |
| Under US GAAP | 4,560 | | 4,419 | |
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| Total liabilities: | | | | |
| Under IFRS | 3,873 | | 3,666 | |
| Adjustments: | | | | |
| Current tax liabilities(1) | – | | (14 | ) |
| Employee stock-based compensation(2) | 52 | | (7 | ) |
| Debt issue costs(7) | 19 | | 15 | |
| Under US GAAP | 3,944 | | 3,660 | |
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Notes
(1) Goodwill
Under IFRS, for those business combinations that occurred prior to the IFRS Transition Date, goodwill has been included at its deemed cost, as permitted by IFRS 1. Deemed cost represents the carrying value of the goodwill under the Group’s UK GAAP accounting policies on the IFRS Transition Date. Goodwill is stated at cost less any impairment losses and is tested at least annually for impairment.
Under US GAAP, the Group adopted SFAS No. 142 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (“SFAS No. 142”) from 1 July 2002. As is the case under IFRS, SFAS No. 142 does not presume that goodwill is a wasting asset that should be amortised on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life; instead, it must be tested for impairment on an annual basis and whenever indicators of impairment arise. Upon adoption of SFAS No. 142, the Group ceased the amortisation of goodwill with a net carrying value of £1,084 million.
For US GAAP reporting purposes, the latest annual impairment test was completed during the current year. The fair value measurements were compared to the carrying amounts of each reporting unit and it was determined that goodwill was not impaired.
Subsidiaries
Sky Television Limited
Goodwill of £492 million arising on the acquisition of Sky Television Limited on3 November 1990 was being amortised under US GAAP on a straight-line basis over 40 years. From 1 July 2002, no further amortisation has been recorded under US GAAP following the adoption of SFAS No. 142. The goodwill balance under US GAAP at that date was £309 million. Prior to the adoption of IFRS, under UK GAAP, the goodwill arising on the acquisition of Sky Television Limited was eliminated against reserves. Goodwill written off to reserves under UK GAAP is not reinstated on transition to IFRS, as required by IFRS 1, leading to an increase in total assets under US GAAP compared to IFRS of £309 million.
British Interactive Broadcasting (“BiB”)
The Group completed the acquisition of a 67.5% interest in BiB during fiscal 2001. Under IFRS, the goodwill arising on the acquisition has been included at its deemed cost of £302 million, representing its carrying value under UK GAAP at the IFRS Transition Date. Under US GAAP, the goodwill arising on acquisition was £664 million. No
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amortisation has been charged from 1 July 2002 following the adoption of SFAS No. 142. The goodwill balance under US GAAP at that date was £560 million.
During fiscal 2003, under US GAAP, the Group recognised a deferred tax asset of £24 million in respect of BiB tax losses carried forward. The tax benefits of BiB’s tax losses carried forward that were not recognised at the acquisition date of £21 million were applied to reduce goodwill relating to the acquisition. This reduced the goodwill balance under US GAAP to £539 million, resulting in a goodwill balance which is currently £237 million higher than that under IFRS.
Sports Internet Group (“SIG”)
The Group completed the acquisition of SIG on 12 July 2000. Under IFRS, the goodwill arising on the acquisition has been included at its deemed cost at the IFRS Transition Date of £112 million. Under US GAAP, goodwill of £272 million was being amortised on a straight-line basis over seven years. From 1 July 2002, no further amortisation has been recorded following the adoption of SFAS No. 142. The goodwill balance under US GAAP at that date was £189 million.
During fiscal 2003, under US GAAP, the Group recorded an impairment charge of £5 million against goodwill which arose on the acquisition of BSkyB Sports Holdings Limited (formerly Opta Index Limited), a subsidiary of SIG. This reduced the goodwill balance under US GAAP to £184 million, resulting in a goodwill balance which is currently £72 million higher than that under IFRS.
Easynet Group Limited
The Group finalised the initial accounting for the purchase of Easynet Group Limited during the year. In the Group’s 2006 Annual Report, under both IFRS and US GAAP, goodwill was provisionally determined at £202 million. Following the completion of the assessment of the recoverability of unprovided tax contingencies existing at the purchase date, the Group has now increased goodwill and current tax liabilities by £14 million. Under IFRS, comparative information presented for the periods before the purchase price allocation is complete should be adjusted as if the purchase accounting had been completed on the purchase date. Under US GAAP, the previously published financial information is not adjusted as a result of finalising the purchase price allocation. Instead, the effects of the change are accounted for prospectively, resulting in goodwill and current tax liability balances being £14 million lower than under IFRS as at 30 June 2006.
In addition, there is £3 million of goodwill under IFRS, which has a carrying value of nil under US GAAP, which has arisen on certain other acquisitions. Additionally, goodwill on certain acquisitions is £2 million lower under US GAAP than under IFRS, arising when investments previously accounted for using other than the equity method became qualified for consolidation.
Joint ventures
On 1 November 2004, the Group sold its 49.5% investment in GSB, realising a profit on disposal under IFRS of £9 million. This was included as an item below operating profit. Prior to the adoption of IFRS, under UK GAAP, the goodwill arising on the acquisition of an additional 9.5% interest in GSB in March 1998 was eliminated against reserves. Goodwill written off to reserves under UK GAAP is not included in determining any subsequent gain or loss on disposal under IFRS, as required by IFRS 1. Under US GAAP, the carrying value of the goodwill at the time of the disposal was £23 million, which resulted in a loss on disposal of £14 million.
Under US GAAP, £1 million of goodwill has arisen on the purchase of certain other joint ventures and associates. No amortisation charge is being recognised. Under IFRS, the deemed cost of this goodwill at the IFRS Transition Date was nil.
(2) Employee stock-based compensation
Under IFRS, the Group recognises an expense for all equity-settled share options and awards based on fair values, measured at the date of grant using appropriate option-pricing models, taking into account the terms and conditions upon which the awards are granted. The expense is recognised over the period during which employees become unconditionally entitled to the awards, adjusted for the Group’s estimate of the number of awards which will lapse, either due to employees leaving the Group prior to vesting or due to non-market based performance conditions not being met. It is the Group’s current intention to use market-purchased shares to satisfy the future exercise of share awards.
Under US GAAP, prior to 1 July 2005, the Group accounted for the cost of options and awards in accordance with APB Opinion No. 25 “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB No. 25”). For performance-related options deemed to be variable plans under APB No. 25, compensation expense was measured as the difference between the quoted market price and the exercise price at the date when the number of shares that would vest and the exercise price was known (“the measurement date”); the cost was recognised over the period the employee performed the related services. Since the ultimate compensation was unknown until the performance conditions were satisfied, estimates of compensation expense were recorded before the measurement date based on the quoted market price of the common shares at the intervening dates, in situations where it was probable that the performance conditions would be attained. Options that vested conditional only on continued employment over the life of the options were deemed to be fixed plans under APB No. 25, with the excess of the market price over the exercise price on the date of grant being charged against income over the vesting period of the options.
Under US GAAP, following the adoption of SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004) “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS No. 123R”), from 1 July 2005, the accounting for share options and awards has changed. SFAS No. 123R requires the recognition of an expense for all share options and awards granted to employees, based on the fair value at the grant date of those awards, as estimated using appropriate option-pricing models. The Group has elected to follow the alternative transition method described in FASB Staff Position FAS No. 123R-3 in accounting for the tax effects of share options and awards.
Under IFRS, in accordance with the transition provisions in IFRS 1 and IFRS 2, an expense has only been recognised in respect of options and awards granted after 7 November 2002, that had not vested by 1 January 2005. Under US GAAP, the Group adopted SFAS No. 123R using the modified prospective application transition method and was therefore required to recognise an expense in respect of the portion of any requisite vesting period which had not been completed for all options and awards at 1 July 2005, regardless of the original date of grant of those awards. Furthermore, under IFRS, the Group is required to recognise compensation cost for awards with graded vesting on an accelerated basis, as though each separately vesting portion of the award is a separate award. Under US GAAP, the Group is required to recognise compensation cost under SFAS No. 123R using the attribution method that was used under SFAS No. 123 “Accounting for Stock-based Compensation” (“SFAS No. 123”). Under SFAS No. 123, the Group recognised compensation cost for such awards using a straight-line method, and is therefore required to continue to follow that same recognition method for the unvested portion of these awards after adopting SFAS No. 123R. The extra US GAAP charge for the year in respect of these differences amounts to £2 million (2006: £1 million), as the charge recognised was greater than that recognised during the year under IFRS. The total tax benefit recognised under US GAAP relating to stock-based compensation was £11 million (2006: £8 million) and the tax benefit recognised in respect of options exercised during the year was £4 million (2006: £3 million), of which £2 million (2006: nil) was recorded to additional paid-in capital, relating to excess tax benefits.
Certain of the Company’s equity-settled share option and award schemes contain inflation-indexed earnings growth performance conditions. Under IFRS, these are accounted for under the equity method, resulting in the recognition of an expense based on fair values measured at the date of grant. Under US GAAP, SFAS No. 123R requires that awards with inflation-indexed performance conditions be accounted for under the liability method. The liability method requires a liability to be recorded in the balance sheet in respect of those awards, whereas no liability is required under the equity method. In addition, in calculating the expense for these share options and awards under the liability method the fair value of each award must be remeasured at each reporting date until vesting, rather than using the grant date fair value as required by the equity method. The effect of these adjustments was to increase liabilities by £62 million and increase expenses during the year by £8 million, compared to that recorded under IFRS.
As the Group adopted SFAS No. 123R using the modified prospective application transition method, prior periods have not been restated. The effect of adopting SFAS No. 123R was to reduce income before taxation for the year ended 30 June 2006 by £10 million, compared to that which would have arisen if share options and awards had been accounted for in accordance with APB No. 25, to reduce net income for the year by £5 million, and to reduce basic and diluted earnings per share by 0.3 pence. Had compensation expense for share options been determined in accordance with SFAS No.
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
31. Summary of differences between IFRS and US GAAP(continued)
123 for periods prior to 1 July 2005, the Group’s net income and earnings per share would have been reduced to the pro-forma amounts shown below:
| | Year ended | |
| | 30 June | |
| | 2005 | |
| | £m | |
| Net income under US GAAP: | | |
| As reported | 577 | |
| Add: APB No. 25 stock-based employee compensation expense | | |
| included in reported net income | 5 | |
| Related tax effects | (1 | ) |
| Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense | | |
| determined under fair value based method for all awards | (31 | ) |
| Related tax effects | 9 | |
| Pro-forma | 559 | |
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| Earnings per share under US GAAP: | | |
| Basic – as reported | 30.2 | p |
| Basic – pro-forma | 29.3 | p |
| Diluted – as reported | 30.1 | p |
| Diluted – pro-forma | 29.2 | p |
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Under IFRS, employer’s National Insurance is accrued over the vesting period of the share options. Under US GAAP, EITF 00-16 “Recognition and Measurement of Employer Payroll Taxes on Employee Stock-Based Compensation” requires the accrual for National Insurance to be recognised on the date of the event triggering the measurement and payment of tax to the tax authority (i.e. the exercise date of the share options). The additional US GAAP credit arising for the year amounts to £3 million (2006: £2 million; 2005: £1 million), as the National Insurance paid was less than that accrued during the year under IFRS. The cumulative balance sheet effect of this adjustment at 30 June 2007 was a decrease in the accrual under IFRS for employer’s National Insurance of £10 million (2006: £7 million).
(3) Derivative accounting
Under both IFRS and US GAAP, the Group is required to recognise its derivative financial instruments on the balance sheet at fair value from inception of the contract, with changes in fair value being recognised in the income statement. The fair value of derivative instruments is determined based on discounted present value techniques or valuations prepared by banks.
Under IFRS, where derivatives are designated as part of a cash flow hedging relationship for accounting purposes, the portion of the gain or loss on hedging instrument (i.e. the change in its fair value) that is determined to be effective is initially recognised through equity in a hedging reserve up until the point at which the associated creditor is recognised on the balance sheet. From this point onwards, all movements are taken to the income statement until the derivative financial instrument reaches maturity. The amount stored in the hedging reserve at the point that the creditor is recognised on the balance sheet is amortised over the stock amortisation period.
Under US GAAP, the movements in the fair value of derivative financial instruments which relate to forward points are stored in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) over the entire life of the instrument and will net to zero on maturity. Movements relating to spot rates are also stored in OCI until the creditor is recognised on the balance sheet. From this point onwards, all movements relating to spot rates are taken to the income statement until the derivative financial instrument reaches maturity. The amount stored in OCI is amortised on a pro-rata basis over the stock amortisation period and the time during which the creditor is on the balance sheet.
Under US GAAP, a number of the Group’s cross-currency swaps which convert fixed US dollar interest payments into fixed sterling interest payments were not designated as cash flow hedges until after their inception. Accordingly, the fair value of these swaps at the date of designation results in hedge ineffectiveness, which is recorded directly in the income statement. Under IFRS, as permitted by the IFRS 1 transition rules, there is no ineffectiveness arising, as hedge accounting is deemed to have been achieved from their inception.
The estimated net amount of existing losses which are included in OCI at 30 June 2007 that is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months is £29 million, net of tax (2006: £11 million).
During the current year, under US GAAP, the Group recognised a loss in the income statement of £5 million due to hedge ineffectiveness (2006: £6 million).
(4) Capitalised interest
Under IFRS, the capitalisation of interest is not required, and the Group expenses interest charges to the income statement in the period in which they are incurred. Under US GAAP, interest charges on funds invested in the construction of major capital assets are required to be capitalised and amortised over the estimated useful life of the assets concerned.
Cumulative capitalised interest on assets under construction (net of amortisation) at 30 June 2007 amounted to £21 million (2006: £24 million). During the year, interest of £1 million (2006: £7 million; 2005: £13 million) was capitalised in respect of assets under construction, and amortisation of £4 million (2006: £3 million; 2005: £2 million) was charged in respect of capitalised interest on assets in use.
(5) Pre-consolidation results
On 21 October 2005, the Group made a recommended cash offer for the entire issued and to be issued share capital of Easynet. On 6 January 2006, the offer was declared unconditional in all respects, and this is considered to be the acquisition date. Under IFRS, the Group’s ownership interest in Easynet shares up until the date of acquisition was treated as an available-for-sale investment.
Under US GAAP, the Group has applied the requirements of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 18 “The equity method of accounting for investments in common stock”, which require that when an investment previously accounted for using other than the equity method becomes qualified for consolidation, an investor’s retained earnings and results of operations should be adjusted retrospectively to adopt the equity method for its ownership interest in previous periods. Accordingly, under US GAAP, the Group’s share of Easynet’s net loss for the period to 6 January 2006 of £2 million has been included within net income.
(6) Deferred taxation
Under IFRS, IAS 12 “Income taxes” (“IAS 12”) requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised using the balance sheet liability method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities and their corresponding tax bases. A deferred tax asset is only recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the asset can be utilised. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.
Under US GAAP, SFAS No. 109 “Accounting for Income Taxes” (“SFAS No. 109”) requires that deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences (differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities and their corresponding tax bases). A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that some or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realised.
The net deferred tax asset recognised under IFRS and US GAAP primarily differs in respect of deferred tax on IFRS to US GAAP adjustments.
The standard rate of corporation tax is changing from 30% to 28% in the UK with effect from 1 April 2008. This change has been substantially enacted but not legally enacted. Although the Finance Bill has been passed, Royal Assent has not been given. This means that the rate change is effective for IFRS purposes, but not for US GAAP.
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A further difference arises in relation to the recognition of deferred tax assets in respect of employee stock-based compensation expense. Under IFRS, the deferred tax asset is based on the compensation expense recognised in the income statement, but is adjusted to reflect the Group’s estimate of the actual future tax deduction which will arise, based on the Group’s share price at the balance sheet date. Under US GAAP, the deferred tax asset is also based on the compensation expense recognised in the income statement, however, no consideration is given to the ultimate tax deduction to be received prior to the exercise date. Therefore, under US GAAP, the effects of subsequent movements in share price are not reflected in accounting for the deferred tax asset, until the related compensation cost is recognised for tax purposes.
Under IFRS, at 30 June 2007, there is a deferred tax asset of £54 million (2006: £100 million).
The net deferred tax asset under US GAAP comprises the following:
| | 2007 | | 2007 | | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2006 | | 2006 | |
| | Gross | | Valuation | | Net | | Gross | | Valuation | | Net | |
| | asset | | allowance | (iv) | asset (liability) | | asset (liability) | | allowance | (iv) | asset (liability) | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Fixed asset temporary differences | 10 | | (19 | ) | (9 | ) | 45 | | (19 | ) | 26 | |
| Tax losses(i) | 167 | | (152 | ) | 15 | | 154 | | (121 | ) | 33 | |
| Fixed asset investments and capital disposals(ii) | 447 | | (447 | ) | – | | 354 | | (354 | ) | – | |
| Short-term temporary differences | – | | – | | – | | (2 | ) | – | | (2 | ) |
| Share-based payment temporary differences | 23 | | – | | 23 | | 12 | | – | | 12 | |
| Financial instrument temporary differences(iii) | 11 | | – | | 11 | | 22 | | – | | 22 | |
| | 658 | | (618 | ) | 40 | | 585 | | (494 | ) | 91 | |
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(i) | At 30 June 2007, there is a valuation allowance of £102 million (2006: £89 million) against a deferred tax asset in respect of overseas trading losses, including £75 million (2006: £64 million) with respect to the Group’s German holding companies of KirchPayTV and £27 million (2006: £25 million) with respect to the Group’s holdings in Easynet’s European subsidiaries, on the basis that these temporary differences are not more likely than not to be realised. There is also a valuation allowance of £50 million (2006: £32 million) against a deferred tax asset arising from UK losses in the Group. These losses can be offset only against taxable profits generated in the entities concerned. There is currently insufficient evidence to support recognition of a deferred tax asset relating to these losses. The losses are available to be carried forward indefinitely under current law. Under US GAAP, the subsequent recognition of tax benefits relating to £77 million (2006: £57 million) of the deferred tax asset arising from losses in the Group will be allocated to reduce goodwill, then intangible assets arising on previously acquired entities. |
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(ii) | At 30 June 2007, there is a valuation allowance of £420 million (2006: £330 million) against a deferred tax asset in respect of potential capital losses related to the Group’s holding of KirchPayTV on the basis that these temporary differences are not more likely than not to be realised. There is also a valuation allowance of £27 million (2006: £24 million) against a deferred tax asset in respect of realised and unrealised capital losses in respect of football club and other investments, on the basis that it is more likely than not that they will not be realised. The UK losses are available to be carried forward indefinitely under current law. |
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(iii) | During the current year, the deferred tax asset relating to financial instruments decreased by £15 million (2006: increased by £14 million) through OCI. |
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(iv) | The current period charge to the income statement in respect of these valuation allowances was nil (2006: £3 million; 2005: credit of £3 million). |
The US GAAP tax charge, which relates to UK corporation tax and Luxembourg trading losses, comprises:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | % | | % | | % | |
| UK corporation tax rate | 30.0 | | 30.0 | | 30.0 | |
| Permanent differences | 1.3 | | 1.7 | | (0.2 | ) |
| Loss on disposals of investments, net | – | | – | | 0.5 | |
| Joint venture profits | (0.2 | ) | (0.2 | ) | (0.1 | ) |
| Valuation allowance | – | | 0.4 | | 0.2 | |
| Charges (credits) relating to prior periods | 0.6 | | (0.8 | ) | (3.1 | ) |
| Other | 0.2 | | (0.6 | ) | (0.1 | ) |
| US GAAP income tax charge | 31.9 | | 30.5 | | 27.2 | |
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(7) Debt issue costs
Under IFRS, borrowings are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
Under US GAAP, the Group has applied the requirements of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 21 “Interest on Receivables and Payables”, which require that direct issue costs should be reported in the balance sheet as deferred charges, within assets.
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
31. Summary of differences between IFRS and US GAAP (continued)
(8) Per share data
The equivalent earnings per American Depositary Share (“ADS”) outstanding are as follows:
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| Basic earnings per ADS under US GAAP | 109.2p | | 120.8p | | 120.8p | |
| Diluted earnings per ADS under US GAAP | 108.4p | | 120.4p | | 120.4p | |
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Each ADS represents four ordinary shares.
(9) Consolidated Balance Sheets
Under IFRS, deferred tax assets are classified within “non-current assets”, as required by IAS 1. Under US GAAP, deferred tax assets are classified within “other current assets” or “other non-current assets”.
Under IFRS, a merger reserve is included as part of capital and reserves, relating to the amount by which the fair value of the BSkyB shares issued on acquisition of SIG and the remaining 19.9% of BiB exceeded their nominal value (for further details see note 24). Under US GAAP, this amount is recorded within additional-paid-in-capital.
Under IFRS, a special reserve and a capital redemption reserve is included as part of capital and reserves (for further details see note 24). Under US GAAP, the balances held in these special reserves are recorded within additional-paid-in-capital.
Under US GAAP, the ESOP reserve represents all shares held in treasury by the Group.(10) Shareholders’ equity under US GAAP
| | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2005 | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Beginning of the year | 759 | | 818 | | 812 | |
| Dividends | (233 | ) | (191 | ) | (140 | ) |
| Purchase of own shares for cancellation | (214 | ) | (408 | ) | (416 | ) |
| Share-based payments (net of tax) | (30 | ) | 14 | | (2 | ) |
| Shares (repurchased) disposed of by the Group | (29 | ) | 7 | | (2 | ) |
| Comprehensive income: | | | | | | |
| Profit for the financial year | 479 | | 551 | | 577 | |
| Cash flow hedges (net of tax) | 35 | | (32 | ) | (11 | ) |
| Loss on available-for-sale investments | (151 | ) | – | | – | |
| Total comprehensive income | 363 | | 519 | | 566 | |
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| End of the year | 616 | | 759 | | 818 | |
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(ii) Additional US GAAP Disclosures
(a) Accounting standards revised but not adopted
SFAS No. 155 “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments”
In February 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 155 “Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments” (“SFAS No. 155”). This standard simplifies the accounting for certain hybrid financial instruments, eliminates certain interim guidance relating to securitised financial assets, and eliminates certain restrictions on qualifying special-purpose entities. The standard is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued in any fiscal year beginning after 15 September 2006, and will therefore be adopted by the Group from 1 July 2007. The adoption of SFAS No. 155 is not expected to have a material impact on the Group results of operations or its financial position.
SFAS No. 156 “Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets”
In March 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 156 “Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets” (“SFAS No. 156”). This standard addresses the recognition of separately recognised servicing assets and liabilities arising each time an entity undertakes an obligation to service a financial asset. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after 15 September 2006, and will therefore be adopted by the Group from 1 July 2007.
The adoption of SFAS No. 156 is not expected to have a material impact on the Group results of operations or its financial position.
SFAS No 157 “Fair Value Measurements”
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157 “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”). This standard defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The standard does not require any new fair value measurements. It is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after 15 November 2007, and will therefore be adopted by the Group from 1 July 2008. The Group is currently assessing SFAS No. 157 and has not yet determined the impact that the adoption of this statement will have on its financial position or results of operations.
SFAS No 158 “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans”
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158 “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans” (“SFAS No. 158”). This standard requires the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan to be recognised as an asset or liability and changes in that funded status to be recognised through comprehensive income in the year in which the changes occur. The standard also requires the funded status of a plan to be measured as of the year end date. The measurement provisions of the standard are effective for fiscal years ending after 15 December 2008, and will therefore be adopted by the Group from 1 July 2008. The Group does not sponsor any defined benefit plans and therefore the adoption of SFAS No. 158 is not expected to have an impact on the Group results of operations or its financial position.
SFAS No 159 “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”
In March 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159 “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“SFAS No. 159”). This standard permits an entity to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value, resulting in unrealised gains and losses being reported on subsequent reporting dates. The new Statement establishes presentation and disclosure requirements to help financial statement users understand the effect of the entity’s election on its earnings, but does not eliminate disclosure requirements of other accounting standards. SFAS No. 159 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after 15 November 2007, and will therefore be adopted by the Group from 1 July 2008. The Group is currently assessing SFAS No. 159 and has not yet determined the impact that the adoption of this statement will have on its financial position or results of operations.
FASB Interpretation No. 48 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”
In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. The evaluation of a tax position under FIN 48 is a two-step process. The first step is recognition: tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return should be recognised only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more likely than not recognition threshold, it should be presumed that the position will be examined by the relevant taxing authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information. The second step is measurement: tax positions that meet the recognition criteria are measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being recognised upon ultimate settlement.
FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after 15 December 2006 and is therefore effective for the Group from 1 July 2007. The Group is currently assessing FIN 48 and has not yet determined the impact that the adoption of this interpretation will have on its financial position or results of operations.
(iii) SEC comments Letter
In a letter dated 14 June 2007, the Staff of the SEC provided certain comments on our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended 30 June 2006. The Company responded to the Staff’s comments in a letter dated 6 July 2007. As of the date of the filing of this Annual Report, the Staff continues to review the Company’s responses.
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32. Guarantor statements
Supplemental condensed consolidating balance sheet as at 30 June 2007
| | Company | | Guarantor | | Non-guarantor | | Consolidation | | Group and | |
| | only | | subsidiaries | | subsidiaries | | adjustments | | subsidiaries | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Non-current assets | | | | | | | | | | |
| Goodwill | – | | – | | 741 | | – | | 741 | |
| Intangible assets | – | | 191 | | 70 | | – | | 261 | |
| Property, plant and equipment | 23 | | 395 | | 243 | | 9 | | 670 | |
| Investments in subsidiary undertakings under the equity method | 1,336 | | 754 | | 108 | | (2,198 | ) | – | |
| Investments in joint ventures and associates | – | | – | | 34 | | – | | 34 | |
| Available-for-sale investments | – | | 2 | | 795 | | – | | 797 | |
| Deferred tax assets | – | | 11 | | 43 | | – | | 54 | |
| Derivative financial assets | 89 | | – | | – | | (89 | ) | – | |
| | 1,448 | | 1,353 | | 2,034 | | (2,278 | ) | 2,557 | |
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| Current assets | | | | | | | | | | |
| Inventories | – | | 291 | | 93 | | – | | 384 | |
| Trade and other receivables | 299 | | 4,058 | | 4,130 | | (7,963 | ) | 524 | |
| Short-term deposits | – | | – | | 15 | | – | | 15 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | – | | 211 | | 224 | | – | | 435 | |
| Derivative financial assets | – | | 5 | | – | | – | | 5 | |
| | 299 | | 4,565 | | 4,462 | | (7,963 | ) | 1,363 | |
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| Total assets | 1,747 | | 5,918 | | 6,496 | | (10,241 | ) | 3,920 | |
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| Current liabilities | | | | | | | | | | |
| Borrowings | – | | – | | 16 | | – | | 16 | |
| Trade and other payables | 424 | | 4,669 | | 4,268 | | (8,066 | ) | 1,295 | |
| Current tax liabilities | – | | 144 | | – | | – | | 144 | |
| Provisions | – | | 4 | | 4 | | – | | 8 | |
| Derivative financial liabilities | – | | 36 | | – | | – | | 36 | |
| | 424 | | 4,853 | | 4,288 | | (8,066 | ) | 1,499 | |
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| Non-current liabilities | | | | | | | | | | |
| Borrowings | 1,018 | | 1,223 | | 60 | | (287 | ) | 2,014 | |
| Other payables | – | | 28 | | 87 | | (31 | ) | 84 | |
| Provisions | – | | 6 | | 12 | | – | | 18 | |
| Derivative financial liabilities | 258 | | 89 | | – | | (89 | ) | 258 | |
| | 1,276 | | 1,346 | | 159 | | (407 | ) | 2,374 | |
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| Total liabilities | 1,700 | | 6,199 | | 4,447 | | (8,473 | ) | 3,873 | |
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| Shareholders’ equity | 47 | | (281 | ) | 2,049 | | (1,768 | ) | 47 | |
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| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | 1,747 | | 5,918 | | 6,496 | | (10,241 | ) | 3,920 | |
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| Reconciliation to US GAAP: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shareholders’ equity under IFRS | 47 | | (281 | ) | 2,049 | | (1,768 | ) | 47 | |
| Adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Goodwill | 614 | | – | | 614 | | (614 | ) | 614 | |
| Employee stock-based compensation | (52 | ) | (52 | ) | – | | 52 | | (52 | ) |
| Capitalised interest | 21 | | 21 | | – | | (21 | ) | 21 | |
| Deferred taxation | (14 | ) | (14 | ) | – | | 14 | | (14 | ) |
| Capital and reserves under US GAAP | 616 | | (326 | ) | 2,663 | | (2,337 | ) | 616 | |
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See notes to supplemental guarantor statements
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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
32. Guarantor statements (continued)
Supplemental condensed consolidating balance sheet as at 30 June 2006
| | Company | | Guarantor | | Non-guarantor | | Consolidation | | Group and | |
| | only | | subsidiaries | | subsidiaries | | adjustments | | subsidiaries | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Non-current assets | | | | | | | | | | |
| Goodwill | – | | – | | 637 | | – | | 637 | |
| Intangible assets | – | | 181 | | 37 | | – | | 218 | |
| Property, plant and equipment | 23 | | 354 | | 133 | | 9 | | 519 | |
| Investments in subsidiary undertakings under the equity method | 893 | | 759 | | 27 | | (1,679 | ) | – | |
| Investments in joint ventures and associates | – | | – | | 28 | | – | | 28 | |
| Available-for-sale investments | 1 | | 1 | | – | | – | | 2 | |
| Deferred tax assets | 40 | | 28 | | 32 | | – | | 100 | |
| Derivative financial assets | 76 | | – | | – | | (76 | ) | – | |
| | 1,033 | | 1,323 | | 894 | | (1,746 | ) | 1,504 | |
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| Current assets | | | | | | | | | | |
| Inventories | – | | 277 | | 47 | | – | | 324 | |
| Trade and other receivables | 1,406 | | 2,075 | | 1,869 | | (4,861 | ) | 489 | |
| Short-term deposits | – | | 297 | | 350 | | – | | 647 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | – | | 785 | | 31 | | – | | 816 | |
| Derivative financial assets | 1 | | 6 | | – | | – | | 7 | |
| | 1,407 | | 3,440 | | 2,297 | | (4,861 | ) | 2,283 | |
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| Total assets | 2,440 | | 4,763 | | 3,191 | | (6,607 | ) | 3,787 | |
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| Current liabilities | | | | | | | | | | |
| Borrowings | 162 | | 1 | | – | | – | | 163 | |
| Trade and other payables | 1,144 | | 3,418 | | 1,635 | | (4,950 | ) | 1,247 | |
| Current tax liabilities | – | | 68 | | 14 | | – | | 82 | |
| Provisions | – | | 1 | | 5 | | – | | 6 | |
| Derivative financial liabilities | 28 | | 21 | | – | | – | | 49 | |
| | 1,334 | | 3,509 | | 1,654 | | (4,950 | ) | 1,547 | |
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| Non-current liabilities | | | | | | | | | | |
| Borrowings | 776 | | 1,225 | | 122 | | (298 | ) | 1,825 | |
| Other payables | – | | 15 | | 15 | | 36 | | 66 | |
| Provisions | – | | 7 | | 12 | | – | | 19 | |
| Derivative financial liabilities | 209 | | 76 | | – | | (76 | ) | 209 | |
| | 985 | | 1,323 | | 149 | | (338 | ) | 2,119 | |
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| Total liabilities | 2,319 | | 4,832 | | 1,803 | | (5,288 | ) | 3,666 | |
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| Shareholders’ equity | 121 | | (69 | ) | 1,388 | | (1,319 | ) | 121 | |
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| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | 2,440 | | 4,763 | | 3,191 | | (6,607 | ) | 3,787 | |
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| Reconciliation to US GAAP: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shareholders’ equity under IFRS | 121 | | (69 | ) | 1,388 | | (1,319 | ) | 121 | |
| Adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Goodwill | 616 | | – | | 616 | | (616 | ) | 616 | |
| Employee stock-based compensation | 7 | | 7 | | – | | (7 | ) | 7 | |
| Capitalised interest | 24 | | 24 | | – | | (24 | ) | 24 | |
| Deferred taxation | (9 | ) | (9 | ) | – | | 9 | | (9 | ) |
| Capital and reserves under US GAAP | 759 | | (47 | ) | 2,004 | | (1,957 | ) | 759 | |
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See notes to supplemental guarantor statements
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Annual Report 2007 |
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Supplemental condensed consolidating statement of operations for the year ended 30 June 2007
| | Company | | Guarantor | | Non-guarantor | | Consolidation | | Group and | |
| | only | | subsidiaries | | subsidiaries | | adjustments | | subsidiaries | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Revenue | 132 | | 4,183 | | 1,068 | | (832 | ) | 4,551 | |
| Operating expense | (1 | ) | (3,516 | ) | (1,048 | ) | 829 | | (3,736 | ) |
| Operating profit | 131 | | 667 | | 20 | | (3 | ) | 815 | |
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| Share of results of joint ventures and associates | – | | – | | 12 | | – | | 12 | |
| Share of (losses) profits of subsidiary undertakings | (122 | ) | (13 | ) | 43 | | 92 | | – | |
| Investment income | 614 | | 101 | | 90 | | (759 | ) | 46 | |
| Finance costs | (91 | ) | (143 | ) | (86 | ) | 171 | | (149 | ) |
| Profit before tax | 532 | | 612 | | 79 | | (499 | ) | 724 | |
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| Taxation | (33 | ) | (203 | ) | 11 | | – | | (225 | ) |
| Profit for the year | 499 | | 409 | | 90 | | (499 | ) | 499 | |
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| Reconciliation to US GAAP: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Profit for the year under IFRS | 499 | | 409 | | 90 | | (499 | ) | 499 | |
| Adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Employee stock based compensation | (7 | ) | (7 | ) | – | | 7 | | (7 | ) |
| Derivative accounting | (11 | ) | (6 | ) | – | | 6 | | (11 | ) |
| Capitalised interest | (3 | ) | (3 | ) | – | | 3 | | (3 | ) |
| Deferred taxation | 1 | | (1 | ) | – | | 1 | | 1 | |
| Net income under US GAAP | 479 | | 392 | | 90 | | (482 | ) | 479 | |
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See notes to supplemental guarantor statements
Supplemental condensed consolidating statement of operations for the year ended 30 June 2006
| | Company | | Guarantor | | Non-guarantor | | Consolidation | | Group and | |
| | only | | subsidiaries | | subsidiaries | | adjustments | | subsidiaries | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Revenue | 118 | | 3,841 | | 785 | | (596 | ) | 4,148 | |
| Operating expense | (1 | ) | (3,129 | ) | (735 | ) | 594 | | (3,271 | ) |
| Operating profit | 117 | | 712 | | 50 | | (2 | ) | 877 | |
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| Share of results of joint ventures and associates | – | | – | | 12 | | – | | 12 | |
| Share of (losses) profits of subsidiary undertakings | (464 | ) | 24 | | 17 | | 423 | | – | |
| Investment income | 1,021 | | 56 | | 35 | | (1,060 | ) | 52 | |
| Finance costs | (88 | ) | (116 | ) | (36 | ) | 97 | | (143 | ) |
| Profit on disposal of investment | – | | 2 | | – | | (2 | ) | – | |
| Profit before tax | 586 | | 678 | | 78 | | (544 | ) | 798 | |
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| Taxation | (35 | ) | (152 | ) | (60 | ) | – | | (247 | ) |
| Profit for the year | 551 | | 526 | | 18 | | (544 | ) | 551 | |
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| Reconciliation to US GAAP: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Profit for the period under IFRS | 551 | | 526 | | 18 | | (544 | ) | 551 | |
| Adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Employee stock based compensation | 1 | | 1 | | – | | (1 | ) | 1 | |
| Derivative accounting | (8 | ) | (2 | ) | – | | 2 | | (8 | ) |
| Capitalised interest | 4 | | 4 | | – | | (4 | ) | 4 | |
| Pre-consolidation results | (2 | ) | – | | (2 | ) | 2 | | (2 | ) |
| Deferred taxation | 5 | | 3 | | – | | (3 | ) | 5 | |
| Net income under US GAAP | 551 | | 532 | | 16 | | (548 | ) | 551 | |
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See notes to supplemental guarantor statements
British Sky Broadcasting Group plc |
Annual Report 2007 |
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89 |
Back to Contents
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
32. Guarantor statements (continued)
Supplemental condensed consolidating statement of operations for the year ended 30 June 2005
| | Company | | Guarantor | | Non-guarantor | | Consolidation | | Group and | |
| | only | | subsidiaries | | subsidiaries | | adjustments | | subsidiaries | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Revenue | 116 | | 3,680 | | 606 | | (560 | ) | 3,842 | |
| Operating expense | (1 | ) | (3,023 | ) | (557 | ) | 561 | | (3,020 | ) |
| Operating profit | 115 | | 657 | | 49 | | 1 | | 822 | |
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| Share of results of joint ventures and associates | – | | – | | 14 | | – | | 14 | |
| Share of (losses) profits of subsidiary undertakings | (254 | ) | 46 | | – | | 208 | | – | |
| Investment income | 836 | | 74 | | 88 | | (969 | ) | 29 | |
| Finance costs | (84 | ) | (56 | ) | (13 | ) | 66 | | (87 | ) |
| Amounts written back to equity investments | – | | 130 | | – | | (130 | ) | – | |
| Profit on disposal of joint venture | – | | – | | 9 | | – | | 9 | |
| Profit before tax | 613 | | 851 | | 147 | | (824 | ) | 787 | |
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| Taxation | (35 | ) | (157 | ) | (17 | ) | – | | (209 | ) |
| Profit for the year | 578 | | 694 | | 130 | | (824 | ) | 578 | |
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| Reconciliation to US GAAP: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Profit for the period under IFRS | 578 | | 694 | | 130 | | (824 | ) | 578 | |
| Adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | |
| Goodwill | (23 | ) | – | | (23 | ) | 23 | | (23 | ) |
| Employee stock-based compensation | 20 | | 20 | | – | | (20 | ) | 20 | |
| Derivative accounting | (2 | ) | – | | – | | – | | (2 | ) |
| Capitalised interest | 11 | | 11 | | – | | (11 | ) | 11 | |
| Deferred taxation | (7 | ) | (7 | ) | – | | 7 | | (7 | ) |
| Net income under US GAAP | 577 | | 718 | | 107 | | (825 | ) | 577 | |
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See notes to supplemental guarantor statements
Supplemental condensed consolidating statements of cash flow for the year ended 30 June 2007
| | Company | | Guarantor | | Non-guarantor | | Consolidation | | Group and | |
| | only | | subsidiaries | | subsidiaries | | adjustments | | subsidiaries | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Cash flows from operating activities | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash generated from (utilised in) operations | – | | 1,127 | | (36 | ) | (84 | ) | 1,007 | |
| Interest received | – | | 27 | | 19 | | – | | 46 | |
| Taxation paid | – | | (128 | ) | – | | – | | (128 | ) |
| Net cash from (used in) operating activities | – | | 1,026 | | (17 | ) | (84 | ) | 925 | |
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| Cash flows from investing activities | | | | | | | | | | |
| Dividends received from joint ventures and associates | – | | 9 | | – | | – | | 9 | |
| Net funding to joint ventures and associates | – | | (3 | ) | – | | – | | (3 | ) |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipment | – | | (136 | ) | (156 | ) | – | | (292 | ) |
| Purchase of intangible assets | – | | (42 | ) | (22 | ) | – | | (64 | ) |
| Purchase of available-for-sale investments | – | | (947 | ) | – | | – | | (947 | ) |
| Purchase of subsidiary (net of cash and cash equivalents purchased) | – | | (104 | ) | – | | – | | (104 | ) |
| Decrease in short-term deposits | – | | 298 | | 334 | | – | | 632 | |
| Net cash (used in) from investing activities | – | | (925 | ) | 156 | | – | | (769 | ) |
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| Cash flows from financing activities | | | | | | | | | | |
| Proceeds from borrowings | – | | 295 | | – | | – | | 295 | |
| Repayment of borrowings | – | | (189 | ) | (3 | ) | – | | (192 | ) |
| Proceeds from disposal of shares in ESOP | 37 | | – | | – | | – | | 37 | |
| Purchase of own shares for ESOP | – | | (76 | ) | – | | – | | (76 | ) |
| Purchase of own shares for cancellation | (16 | ) | (198 | ) | – | | – | | (214 | ) |
| Interest paid | – | | (146 | ) | (8 | ) | – | | (154 | ) |
| Dividends paid to shareholders | – | | (233 | ) | – | | – | | (233 | ) |
| Loans (to) from Group companies | (21 | ) | (128 | ) | 65 | | 84 | | – | |
| Net cash (used in) from financing activities | – | | (675 | ) | 54 | | 84 | | (537 | ) |
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| Effect of foreign exchange rate movements | – | | – | | – | | – | | – | |
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | – | | (574 | ) | 193 | | – | | (381 | ) |
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| Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year | – | | 785 | | 31 | | – | | 816 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year | – | | 211 | | 224 | | – | | 435 | |
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See notes to supplemental guarantor statements
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Annual Report 2007 |
|
90 |
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Supplemental condensed consolidating statements of cash flow for the year ended 30 June 2006
| | Company | | Guarantor | | Non-guarantor | | Consolidation | | Group and | |
| | only | | subsidiaries | | subsidiaries | | adjustments | | subsidiaries | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Cash flows from operating activities | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash generated from operations | 32 | | 746 | | 133 | | 93 | | 1,004 | |
| Interest received | – | | 31 | | 12 | | – | | 43 | |
| Taxation paid | – | | (172 | ) | – | | – | | (172 | ) |
| Net cash from operating activities | 32 | | 605 | | 145 | | 93 | | 875 | |
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| Cash flows from investing activities | | | | | | | | | | |
| Dividends received from joint ventures and associates | – | | – | | 7 | | – | | 7 | |
| Net funding to joint ventures and associates | – | | – | | (2 | ) | – | | (2 | ) |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipment | – | | (135 | ) | (34 | ) | – | | (169 | ) |
| Purchase of intangible assets | – | | (38 | ) | (5 | ) | – | | (43 | ) |
| Purchase of subsidiary, net of cash and cash equivalents purchased | – | | (350 | ) | 141 | | – | | (209 | ) |
| Increase in short-term deposits | – | | (297 | ) | (156 | ) | – | | (453 | ) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | – | | (820 | ) | (49 | ) | – | | (869 | ) |
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| Cash flows from financing activities | | | | | | | | | | |
| Proceeds from issue of Guaranteed Notes | – | | 397 | | 617 | | – | | 1,014 | |
| Proceeds from disposal of shares in ESOP | 13 | | – | | – | | – | | 13 | |
| Purchase of own shares for ESOP | – | | (17 | ) | – | | – | | (17 | ) |
| Purchase of own shares for cancellation | (406 | ) | (2 | ) | – | | – | | (408 | ) |
| Interest paid | – | | (100 | ) | (5 | ) | – | | (105 | ) |
| Dividends paid to shareholders | – | | (191 | ) | – | | – | | (191 | ) |
| Loans from (to) Group companies | 335 | | 558 | | (800 | ) | (93 | ) | – | |
| Net cash (used in) from financing activities | (58 | ) | 645 | | (188 | ) | (93 | ) | 306 | |
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| Effect of foreign exchange rate movements | – | | 1 | | – | | – | | 1 | |
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (26 | ) | 431 | | (92 | ) | – | | 313 | |
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| Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year | 26 | | 354 | | 123 | | – | | 503 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year | – | | 785 | | 31 | | – | | 816 | |
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See notes to supplemental guarantor statements
Supplemental condensed consolidating statements of cash flow for the year ended 30 June 2005
| | Company | | Guarantor | | Non-guarantor | | Consolidation | | Group and | |
| | only | | subsidiaries | | subsidiaries | | adjustments | | subsidiaries | |
| | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | | £m | |
| Cash flows from operating activities | | | | | | | | | | |
| Cash generated from operations | 114 | | 795 | | 72 | | 8 | | 989 | |
| Interest received | 4 | | 18 | | 6 | | – | | 28 | |
| Taxation paid | – | | (103 | ) | – | | – | | (103 | ) |
| Net cash from operating activities | 118 | | 710 | | 78 | | 8 | | 914 | |
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| Cash flows from investing activities | | | | | | | | | | |
| Dividends received from joint ventures and associates | – | | – | | 12 | | – | | 12 | |
| Net funding from joint ventures and associates | – | | – | | 4 | | – | | 4 | |
| Proceeds from the sale of a joint venture | – | | – | | 14 | | – | | 14 | |
| Proceeds from the sale of equity investments | – | | – | | 1 | | – | | 1 | |
| Purchase of property, plant and equipment | – | | (135 | ) | (14 | ) | – | | (149 | ) |
| Purchase of intangible assets | – | | (87 | ) | (5 | ) | – | | (92 | ) |
| Decrease (increase) in short-term deposits | – | | 134 | | (194 | ) | – | | (60 | ) |
| Net cash used in investing activities | – | | (88 | ) | (182 | ) | – | | (270 | ) |
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| Cash flows from financing activities | | | | | | | | | | |
| Proceeds from disposal of shares in ESOP | 4 | | – | | – | | – | | 4 | |
| Purchase of own shares for ESOP | – | | (14 | ) | – | | – | | (14 | ) |
| Purchase of own shares for cancellation | (57 | ) | (359 | ) | – | | – | | (416 | ) |
| Interest paid | – | | (91 | ) | – | | – | | (91 | ) |
| Dividends paid to shareholders | (75 | ) | (63 | ) | – | | – | | (138 | ) |
| Loans (to) from Group companies | (10 | ) | (196 | ) | 214 | | (8 | ) | – | |
| Net cash (used in) from financing activities | (138 | ) | (723 | ) | 214 | | (8 | ) | (655 | ) |
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| Effect of foreign exchange rate movements | – | | 1 | | – | | – | | 1 | |
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (20 | ) | (100 | ) | 110 | | – | | (10 | ) |
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| Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year | 46 | | 454 | | 13 | | – | | 513 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year | 26 | | 354 | | 123 | | – | | 503 | |
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See notes to supplemental guarantor statements
British Sky Broadcasting Group plc |
Annual Report 2007 |
|
91 |
Back to Contents
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
continued
32. Guarantor statements (continued)
Notes to supplemental guarantor statements
From time to time, the Company may issue debt securities that are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and which are guaranteed, on a full and unconditional basis, by certain of the Company’s subsidiaries. At 30 June 2007, five of the Company’s subsidiaries, British Sky Broadcasting Limited (“BSkyB Limited”) Sky Subscribers Services Limited (“SSSL”), BSkyB Investments Limited (“BSkyB Investments”), BSkyB Publications Limited (“BSkyB Publications”) and BSkyB Finance UK plc (“BSkyB Finance UK”), were joint and several guarantors of the Company’s registered debt securities. In February 1999, the Company issued US$600 million of 6.875% Guaranteed Notes repayable in February 2009. In July 1999, the Company issued US$650 million and £100 million of bonds repayable in July 2009 at rates of 8.200% and 7.750%, respectively. On 31 January 2007, under the terms of the debt securities’ indentures, BSkyB Investments became an acceding guarantor to the Company’s registered debt securities. On 3 May 2007, BSkyB Publications and BSkyB Finance UK became acceding guarantors to the Company’s registered debt securities. As a result, in the supplemental income statements and supplemental cash flow statements for each of the years in the two years ended 30 June 2006 and 30 June 2005 and in the supplemental balance sheet as at 30 June 2006, BSkyB Investments, BSkyB Publications and BSkyB Finance UK have been transferred from non-guarantor subsidiaries to guarantor subsidiaries.
Supplemental condensed consolidating financial information for the guarantors is prepared in accordance with the Group’s IFRS accounting policies applied in the year ended 30 June 2007, as described in note 1, except to the extent that, for the purposes of the supplemental combining presentation of the guarantor statements, investments in subsidiaries are accounted for by their parent company under the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, earnings of subsidiary undertakings are reflected in the parent company as “share of profits of subsidiary undertakings” in the income statement and as “investments in subsidiary undertakings under the equity method” in the balance sheet, as required by the SEC.
As a result of the early adoption of IFRIC 11 “IFRS 2–Group and Treasury Share Transactions”, the Company now includes the Group’s ESOP in its separate financial statements, rather than within the Guarantor subsidiaries. Reclassifications have been performed in the supplemental condensed consolidating balance sheets at 30 June 2006 and in the supplemental condensed consolidating income statement for the years ended 30 June 2006 and 30 June 2005 to reflect this change in accounting policy. Within the Company only condensed consolidating balance sheet at 30 June 2006, investments in subsidiary undertakings under the equity method decreased by £36 million, trade and other receivables decreased by £25 million and trade and other payables decreased by £61 million. In the Guarantor subsidiaries’ condensed consolidating balance sheet at 30 June 2006, available-for-sale investments decreased by £25 million, trade and other receivables decreased by £36 million and shareholders’ equity decreased by £61 million. In the Company only condensed consolidating income statement for the year ended 30 June 2006, investment income increased by £6 million (2005: £7 million) and share of losses of subsidiary undertakings increased by £6 million (2005: £7 million). In the Guarantor subsidiaries’ condensed consolidating income statement for the year ended 30 June 2006, operating expense decreased by £12 million (2005: £7 million).
Certain further reclassifications were also performed to improve the presentation of the guarantor statements: (i) A reclassification was performed in the condensed consolidating income statement for the year ended 30 June 2006 to transfer £13 million of guarantor subsidiaries’ share of profits of subsidiary undertakings from “Consolidation adjustments” to “Guarantor subsidiaries’ share of profits of subsidiaries”; (ii) reclassifications were performed in the condensed consolidating balance sheet at 30 June 2006 to properly reflect the legal form of an investment in subsidiaries previously recorded as a loan to subsidiaries. As a result, within the guarantor subsidiaries’ condensed consolidating balance sheet, trade and other receivables decreased and investments in subsidiary undertakings using the equity method increased by £350 million, within the non-guarantor subsidiaries’ condensed consolidating balance sheet, trade and other payables decreased and shareholders’ equity increased by £350 million. As a further consequence of this change, reclassifications were performed in the condensed consolidating cash flow for the year ended 30 June 2006. As a result, in the guarantor subsidiaries’ condensed consolidated statement of cash flow, loans from Group companies increased and purchase of subsidiaries, net of cash and cash equivalents increased by £350 million, in the non-guarantor subsidiaries’ condensed consolidated statement of cash flow, loans to Group companies increased and receipt from parent, net of cash and cash equivalents increased by £350 million; and (iii) reclassifications were performed in the condensed consolidating income statements for the year ended 30 June 2006 and 30 June 2005 to consolidate properly certain intra-guarantor revenue and operating expense. As a result, in the year ended 30 June 2006, revenue and operating expense were reduced by £388 million (2005: £297 million) with a corresponding increase in consolidation adjustments.
Separate financial statements of the subsidiary guarantors are not included herein because the Company has determined that such financial statements are not material to investors.
This supplemental financial information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements.
British Sky Broadcasting Group plc |
Annual Report 2007 |
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92 |
Back to Contents
Group Financial Record – Unaudited
Consolidated results
Below is selected financial information for the Group under IFRS as at and for each of the years in the three years ended 30 June 2007, derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report and from the Group’s historical Annual Reports.
| | Year ended | | | Year ended | | Year ended | |
| | 30 June 2007 | | | 30 June 2006 | | 30 June 2005 | |
| Consolidated Income Statement | £m | | | £m | | £m | |
| Retail subscription | 3,406 | | | 3,157 | | 2,974 | |
| Wholesale subscription | 208 | | | 224 | | 219 | |
| Advertising | 352 | | | 342 | | 329 | |
| Sky Bet | 47 | | | 37 | | 32 | |
| Installation, hardware and service | 212 | | | 131 | | 128 | |
| Other | 326 | | | 257 | | 160 | |
| Revenue | 4,551 | | | 4,148 | | 3,842 | |
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| Operating expense(iv) | (3,736 | ) | | (3,271 | ) | (3,020 | ) |
| Operating profit | 815 | | | 877 | | 822 | |
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| Share of result of joint ventures and associates | 12 | | | 12 | | 14 | |
| Investment income | 46 | | | 52 | | 29 | |
| Finance costs | (149 | ) | | (143 | ) | (87 | ) |
| Profit on disposal of joint venture | – | | | – | | 9 | |
| Profit before tax | 724 | | | 798 | | 787 | |
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| Taxation | (225 | ) | | (247 | ) | (209 | ) |
| Profit for the year | 499 | | | 551 | | 578 | |
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| Net losses not recognised in profit for the year | (124 | ) | | (38 | ) | (13 | ) |
| Total recognised income and expense for the year | 375 | | | 513 | | 565 | |
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| Basic earnings per share from profit for the year (in pence) | 28.4 | p | | 30.2 | p | 30.2 | p |
| Diluted earnings per share from profit for the year (in pence) | 28.2 | p | | 30.1 | p | 30.2 | p |
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| | Year ended | | | Year ended | | Year ended | |
| | 30 June 2007 | | | 30 June 2006 | | 30 June 2005 | |
| Consolidated Cash Flow Statement | £m | | | £m | | £m | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 435 | | | 816 | | 503 | |
| Purchase of plant, property, equipment and intangible assets | 356 | | | 212 | | 241 | |
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| Statistics | | | | | | | |
| DTH homes (’000) | 8,582 | | | 8,176 | | 7,787 | |
| Cable homes (’000)(ii) | 1,259 | | | 3,898 | | 3,872 | |
| Total Sky pay homes | 9,841 | | | 12,074 | | 11,659 | |
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| DTT homes (’000)(iii) | 9,811 | | | 7,326 | | 4,940 | |
| Average number of full-time equivalent employees | 13,087 | | | 11,216 | | 9,958 | |
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| | | | | | | | |
| | 30 June 2007 | | | 30 June 2006 | | 30 June 2005 | |
| Consolidated Assets Employed | £m | | | £m | | £m | |
| Non-current assets | 2,557 | | | 1,504 | | 1,093 | |
| Current assets | 1,363 | | | 2,283 | | 1,363 | |
| Current liabilities | (1,499 | ) | | (1,547 | ) | (1,150 | ) |
| Non-current liabilities | (2,374 | ) | | (2,119 | ) | (1,119 | ) |
| Net assets | 47 | | | 121 | | 187 | |
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| Capital stock (£m)(i) | 2,414 | | | 2,567 | | 2,598 | |
| Number of shares in issue (number in millions) | 1,753 | | | 1,791 | | 1,868 | |
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Notes |
(i) | Capital stock includes called-up share capital, share premium, ESOP reserve, hedging reserve, available-for-sale reserve and other reserves. |
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(ii) | The number of Sky wholesale subscribers is as reported to us by the cable operators. |
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(iii) | The DTT subscriber number consists of the BARB’s estimate of the number of homes with access to Freeview (the free DTT offering operating in the UK). These figures may include DTH or cable homes that already take multichannel television. |
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(iv) | Included within operating expense for the year ended 30 June 2007 is a £65 million credit due to the Group, arising from certain contractual rights under one of the Group’s channel distribution agreements. This item was previously disclosed as a contingent asset in the consolidated financial statements as at 30 June 2006. |
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| Included within operating expense for the year ended 30 June 2007 is £16 million of expense relating to the legal costs of the Group’s claim against EDS (an information and technology solutions provider), which provided services to the Group as part of the Group’s investment in customer management systems software and infrastructure. |
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| Included within operating expense for the year ended 30 June 2005 is a receipt of £13 million from the liquidators of ITV Digital as a full and final settlement in respect of amounts owed to the Group. |
Group financial record — US GAAP
Set forth below is selected financial data for the Group under US GAAP as at and for each of the years in the five year period ended 30 June 2007.
The information contained in the following tables should be read in conjunction with the “Financial Review” section and the Group’s historical consolidated financial statements and related notes, as well as other information included elsewhere in this document.
The selected financial data for each of the years in the three year period ended 30 June 2007 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report. The selected financial data as at and for each of the years in the two year period ended 30 June 2004 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements appearing in our historical Annual Reports on Form 20-F filed with the SEC.
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 | |
| Consolidated Income Statement | (In millions except per share data) | |
| Amounts in accordance with US GAAP | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Revenue | £ 4,551 | | | £ 4,148 | | £ 3,842 | | £ 3,535 | | £ 3,082 | |
| Amortisation and impairment of intangible fixed assets | – | | | – | | – | | – | | (5 | ) |
| Operating profit | 798 | | | 873 | | 840 | | 666 | | 370 | |
| Joint ventures’ and associates’ goodwill amortisation and impairment, net | – | | | – | | – | | (3 | ) | – | |
| Loss on disposal of investments in joint ventures | – | | | – | | (14 | ) | – | | – | |
| Income before income tax | 703 | | | 793 | | 793 | | 595 | | 260 | |
| Net income | 479 | | | 551 | | 577 | | 434 | | 286 | |
| Basic earnings per share | 27.3 | p | | 30.2 | p | 30.2 | p | 22.4 | p | 14.9 | p |
| Diluted earnings per share | 27.1 | p | | 30.1 | p | 30.1 | p | 22.3 | p | 14.7 | p |
| Basic earnings per ADS | 109.2 | p | | 120.8 | p | 120.8 | p | 89.7 | p | 59.7 | p |
| Diluted earnings per ADS | 108.4 | p | | 120.4 | p | 120.4 | p | 89.3 | p | 58.9 | p |
| Dividends declared per share(1) | 13.3 | p | | 10.5 | p | 7.25 | p | 2.75 | p | – | |
| Dividends declared per share(1) | 25.9 | ¢ | | 18.4 | ¢ | 13.7 | ¢ | 4.9 | ¢ | – | |
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(1) Dividends are recognised in the period in which they are approved.
| | 2007 | | | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 | |
| Consolidated Assets Employed | (In millions) | |
| Amounts in accordance with US GAAP | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total assets | £ 4,560 | | | £ 4,419 | | £ 3,082 | | £ 2,988 | | £ 2,810 | |
| Net assets | 616 | | | 759 | | 818 | | 812 | | 448 | |
| Capital stock | 2,408 | | | 2,554 | | 2,539 | | 2,614 | | 3,772 | |
| Number of shares in issue (number) | 1,753 | | | 1,791 | | 1,868 | | 1,942 | | 1,938 | |
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Factors which materially affect the comparability of the selected financial data
Accounting changes
During the year ended 30 June 2006, SFAS No. 123R was adopted. The impact of the adoption of this standard is described in the consolidated financial statements included within the Group’s Annual Report for fiscal 2006.
During the year ended 30 June 2004, US EITF 00-21, Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables, was adopted. The impact of the adoption of this standard is described in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included within the Group’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for fiscal 2004.
Business combinations
During the year ended 30 June 2006, the Group completed the acquisition of Easynet. The results of this acquisition were consolidated from the date on which control passed to the Group (6 January 2006).
During the year ended 30 June 2007, the Group completed the acquisition of 365 Media. The results of this acquisition were consolidated from the date on which control passed to the Group (23 January 2007).
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Share information
Our sole outstanding class of voting securities is ordinary shares with a nominal value of 50p.
Our ordinary shares are admitted to the Official List of the London Stock Exchange and our ADSs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The principal trading market for our ordinary shares is the London Stock Exchange. The Bank of New York is the depositary of the American Depositary Receipts, which evidence the ADSs.
Registrars
Lloyds TSB Registrars
The Causeway
Worthing
West Sussex BN99 6DA
Telephone 0870 195 6600
Overseas +44 121 415 7567ADR depositary
The Bank of New York
Investor Services
P.O. Box 11258
Church Street Station
New York, NY 10286-1258
Telephone (US) 1-888-BNY-ADRS
Telephone (International) +1 (212) 815-3700
www.adrbny.com
Shares on-line
Lloyds TSB Registrars provide a range of shareholder information on-line. Shareholders can access their shareholdings and find advice on transferring shares and updating their details at www.shareview.co.uk.
ShareGift
Shareholders who only have a small number of shares whose value makes it uneconomic to sell them may wish to consider donating them to charity through ShareGift, the independent charity share donation scheme (registered charity no. 1052686). Further information about ShareGift may be obtained from Lloyds TSB Registrars or from ShareGift on 020 7337 0501 or at www.sharegift.org. There are no implications for capital gains tax purposes (no gain or loss) on gifts of shares to charity and it is also possible to claim income tax relief.
Shareholder enquiries
All administrative enquiries relating to shareholders, such as notification of change of address or the loss of a share certificate, should be made to the Company’s registrars, Lloyds TSB Registrars, whose address is given above.
Dividends
Shareholders can have their dividends paid directly into a UK bank or building society account with the tax voucher sent direct to their registered address. Please contact Lloyds TSB Registrars for a dividend mandate form.
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
The Company operates a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (‘‘DRIP’’) which enables shareholders to buy the Company’s shares on the London stock market with their cash dividend. Further information about the DRIP is available from Lloyds TSB Registrars. The helpline number is 0870 241 3018 from inside the UK and +44 121 415 7173 from overseas.
Shareholder fraud
Fraud is on the increase and many shareholders are targeted every year. If you have any reason to believe that you may have been the target of a fraud, or attempted fraud in relation to your shareholding, please contact Lloyds TSB Registrars immediately. To reduce the risk of fraud happening to you please see our list of ‘preventing shareholder fraud tips’ on our website at www.sky.com/corporate.
Share price information
The Company’s share price can be found on the Company’s corporate website at www.sky.com/corporate and it also appears in the financial columns of the national press under the prefix BSkyB.
ADS holders can access the latest ADS price at www.nyse.com or by visiting the Bank of New York’s website, www.adrbny.com.
The following tables set forth for the periods indicated the highest and lowest middle market quotations for the ordinary shares as derived from the Daily Official List of the London Stock Exchange and the highest and lowest sales prices of the ADSs as reported on the New York Stock Exchange composite tape.
| | Shares | | ADSs(i) | |
| | (pence) | | ($) | |
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| | High | | Low | | High | | Low | |
| Fiscal year ended 30 June | | | | | | | | |
| 2003 | 706 | | 458 | | 473/25 | | 2853/100 | |
| 2004 | 776 | | 5841/2 | | 596/25 | | 4013/50 | |
| 2005 | 625 | | 4651/2 | | 4633/100 | | 3339/50 | |
| 2006 | 579 | | 4781/2 | | 4249/100 | | 334/5 | |
| 2007 | 6631/2 | | 5171/2 | | 5299/100 | | 3747/50 | |
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| Fiscal year ended 30 June | | | | | | | | |
| 2006 | | | | | | | | |
| First Quarter | 579 | | 522 | | 4211/25 | | 3649/100 | |
| Second Quarter | 5601/2 | | 4851/2 | | 393/25 | | 334/5 | |
| Third Quarter | 5461/2 | | 4781/2 | | 3829/50 | | 341/5 | |
| Fourth Quarter | 5731/2 | | 5091/2 | | 4249/100 | | 3579/100 | |
| 2007 | | | | | | | | |
| First Quarter | 569 | | 5171/2 | | 4361/100 | | 3747/50 | |
| Second Quarter | 5601/2 | | 519 | | 4267/100 | | 4071/100 | |
| Third Quarter | 570 | | 523 | | 453/5 | | 411/100 | |
| Fourth Quarter | 6631/2 | | 5611/2 | | 5299/100 | | 4443/100 | |
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| 31January 2007 | 5571/2 | | 523 | | 4439/100 | | 411/100 | |
| 28February 2007 | 567 | | 555 | | 4423/25 | | 43 | |
| 31March 2007 | 570 | | 547 | | 453/5 | | 421/20 | |
| 30April 2007 | 575 | | 5611/2 | | 4669/100 | | 4443/100 | |
| 31May 2007 | 6631/2 | | 5841/2 | | 5298/100 | | 477/100 | |
| 30June 2007 | 663 | | 630 | | 5299/100 | | 507/50 | |
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(i) | Each ADS represents four ordinary shares (up until 23 December 2002, each ADS represented six ordinary shares). Prior year ADS figures in the above tables have been restated to reflect this change in ratio. |
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Major shareholders
The following table sets forth, as of 26 July 2007, the amount and percentage of ordinary shares owned by each shareholder, including our Directors and Officers as a group, known to us to own more than 3% (directly and indirectly) of our ordinary shares.
| | Amount | | Percent of | |
| Identity of person or group | owned | | class | |
| News UK Nominees Limited*(i) | 686,021,700 | | 39.14% | |
| Templeton Global Advisors Limited(ii) | 103,156,955 | | 5.89% | |
| Brandes Investment Partners L.P.(ii) | 56,867,820 | | 3.12% | |
| The Capital Group Companies, Inc.(ii) | 55,977,854 | | 3.10% | |
| Janus Capital Management LLC(ii) | 53,802,964 | | 3.07% | |
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* | On 30 June 2004, BSkyB Holdco, Inc. transferred its entire shareholding in us to News UK Nominees Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of News Corporation which remains interested in the shares. |
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(i) | Direct holding which is subject to restrictions on its voting rights (please see ‘‘Memorandum and articles of association – Alteration of share capital’’ on pages 99 to 100. |
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(ii) | Indirect holding. |
There has been no significant change in the percentage ownership held by any major shareholders during the past three years, except for the following:
On 16 February 2005, News Corporation notified us that its interest in our shares had increased to 36.01% . On 13 September 2005, News Corporation further notified us that its interest in our shares had increased to 37.00% . On 12 May 2006 News Corporation further notified us that its interest in our shares had increased to 38.02% . On 26 September 2006 News Corporation further notified us that its interest in our shares had increased to 39.03% . These increases were as a result of the Company’s share buy-back programme; the number of shares held by News Corporation remains unchanged.
Franklin Resources, Inc. notified us of the following changes in its interest in our shares:
| | Percentage | |
| Date notified | ownership | |
| 9August 2004 | 3.58% | |
| 12August 2004 | 4.08% | |
| 15September 2004 | 5.05% | |
| 15November 2004 | 6.00% | |
| 3May 2005 | 7.06% | |
| 9June 2005 | 8.03% | |
| 11July 2005 | 9.01% | |
| 2February 2006 | 10.09% | |
| 23May 2006 | 9.98% | |
| 21June 2006 | 10.00% | |
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On 2 March 2007 Franklin Resources, Inc. notified us that under the Financial Services Authority’s Disclosure and Transparency Rules (‘‘DTR’’) it was no longer subject to a notification obligation as it had been able to claim an exemption from the requirement to aggregate its holdings with those of its subsidiaries and it holds less than 3% of the Company’s issued share capital. Franklin Resources, Inc. further informed us that Templeton Global Advisors Limited (‘‘Templeton’’), a wholly owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources Inc., had a 6.04% interest in our shares and that it is subject to a notification obligation under the DTR on the basis that as a discretionary manager it is an indirect shareholder. On 14 May 2007, Franklin Resources Inc. further notified us that Templeton’s interest in our shares had decreased to 5.89% .
On 2 February 2006 Brandes Investment Partners L.P. notified us that it had a 3.12% interest in our shares.
On 6 April 2006 The Capital Group Companies, Inc. notified us that it had a 3.10% interest in our shares.
On 11 August 2004, Janus Capital Management LLC (‘‘Janus’’) notified us that it had a 3.01% interest in our shares. On 11 October 2004, Janus further notified us that its interest in our shares had increased to 4.08% . On 19 April 2006 Janus further notified us that its interest in our shares had decreased to 3.86% . On 5 March 2007, Janus notified us that it no longer had a notifiable interest in our shares. On 7 March 2007, Janus notified us that its interest in our shares had increased to 3.07% .
On 4 May 2006 Harris Associates L.P. notified us that it had a 3.03% interest in our shares. On 30 May 2007, Harris Associates L.P notified us that it no longer had a notifiable interest in our shares.
On 6 June 2005, Barclays PLC notified us that it had a 3.38% interest in our shares. On 2 August 2005, Barclays PLC further notified us that its interest in our shares had increased to 4.15% . On 29 June 2006, Barclays PLC further notified us that its interest in our shares had decreased to 3.85% . On 22 November 2006, Barclays PLC notified us that it no longer had a notifiable interest in our shares. On 23 November 2006, Barclays notified us that its interest in our shares had increased to 3.05% . On 4 December 2006 Barclays PLC notified us that it no longer had a notifiable interest in our shares.
On 16 February 2004, Fidelity notified us that it had a 3.10% interest in our shares. On 28 June 2004, Fidelity notified us that it no longer had a notifiable interest in our shares. On 26 June 2006, Fidelity notified us that it had a 3.06% interest in our shares. On 17 August 2006, Fidelity notified us that it no longer had a notifiable interest in our shares.
Major shareholders have the same voting rights as all other shareholders. A voting agreement dated 21 September 2005 was entered into between the Company, BSkyB Holdco Inc, News Corporation and News UK Nominees Limited which became unconditional on 4 November 2005 and caps News UK Nominees Limited voting rights at any general meeting at 37.19% . The provisions of the voting agreement cease to apply on the first to occur of a number of circumstances which include the date on which a general offer is made by an independent person (as defined in the voting agreement) for the ordinary share capital of the Company.
On 24 July 2007, 10,459,029 ADSs were held of record by 17 holders in the US and 21,960 ordinary shares were held of record by 65 US persons.
Financial calendar
Results for the financial year ending 30 June 2008 will be published:
Q1 November 2007
Q2 February 2008
Q3 April 2008
Q4 July 2008
Company’s registered office:
Grant Way
Isleworth
Middlesex TW7 5QD
Telephone (0)20 7705 3000
Overseas +44 20 7705 3000The Sky website
The Sky website at www.sky.com details the Company’s product offering and provides a link to the Company’s Corporate website where investor and media information can be accessed.
Auditors
Deloitte & Touche LLP
Hill House
1 Little New Street
London EC4A 3TR
Principal bankers
Royal Bank of Scotland
St. Andrew’s Square
Edinburgh EH2 2YB
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Solicitors
Herbert Smith LLP
Exchange House
Primrose Street
London EC2A 2HS
Company registration number
2247735
Exchange rates
A significant portion of our liabilities and expenses associated with the cost of programming acquired from US film licensors is denominated in US dollars. For a discussion of the impact of exchange rate movements on our financial condition and results of operations, see note 22 of the consolidated financial statements ‘‘Derivatives and other financial instruments’’.
Since any dividends we declare are declared in pounds sterling, exchange rate fluctuations will affect the US dollar equivalent of cash dividends receivable by holders of ADSs.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, information concerning the noon buying rates provided by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for pounds sterling expressed in US dollars per £1.00.
| Month | High | Low | |
| January 2007 | 1.9847 | 1.9305 | |
| February 2007 | 1.9699 | 1.9443 | |
| March 2007 | 1.9694 | 1.9235 | |
| April 2007 | 2.0061 | 1.9608 | |
| May 2007 | 1.9993 | 1.9695 | |
| June 2007 | 2.0063 | 1.9657 | |
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| Year ended 30 June | Period end | Average(1) | High | Low | |
| 2003 | 1.6529 | 1.5915 | 1.6840 | 1.5192 | |
| 2004 | 1.8126 | 1.7491 | 1.9045 | 1.5728 | |
| 2005 | 1.7930 | 1.8596 | 1.9482 | 1.7733 | |
| 2006 | 1.8491 | 1.7808 | 1.8911 | 1.7138 | |
| 2007 | 2.0063 | 1.9463 | 2.0063 | 1.8203 | |
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(1) | The average rate is calculated by using the average of the noon buying rates on the last day of each month during the relevant year. |
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On 24 July 2007, the noon buying rate was US$2.0626 per £1.00. |
Memorandum and articles of association
The following summarises certain provisions of the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association and applicable English Law. The summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Companies Act 1985 of Great Britain (the ‘‘Companies Act’’), as amended, and the Company’s Articles of Association.
Information on where shareholders can inspect copies of the Memorandum and Articles of Association is provided under ‘‘Documents on display’’ below.
Objects and purposes
Sky is incorporated under the name British Sky Broadcasting Group plc and is registered in England and Wales with registered number 2247735. The Memorandum of Association of the Company provides that the Company’s principal object is to carry on the business of direct broadcasting by satellite and to carry out the other objects more particularly set out in Clause 4 of the Memorandum of Association of the Company.
Directors
The Company’s Articles of Association provide for a Board of Directors, consisting of not fewer than three Directors, who shall manage the business and affairs of the Company. The quorum for meetings of the Directors is currently three Directors. The Directors may delegate any of their powers to a committee which must consist of one or more Directors, and a majority of the members of a committee shall be Directors. The quorum at a meeting of any committee shall be two Directors.
The Articles of Association place a general prohibition on a Director voting in respect of any contract or arrangement in which he has a material interest other than by virtue of his interest in shares in the Company. However, in the absence of some other material interest not indicated below, a Director is entitled to vote and to be counted in a quorum for the purpose of any vote relating to a resolution concerning the following matters:
(i) | the giving of any guarantee, security or indemnity to him in respect of money lent to, or obligations incurred by him at the request of, or for the benefit of, the Company or any of its subsidiaries; |
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(ii) | the giving of any guarantee, security or indemnity to a third party in respect of a debt or obligation of the Company or any of its subsidiaries for which he himself has assumed responsibility in whole or in part under a guarantee or indemnity or by the giving of security; |
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(iii) | any proposal concerning an offer of any shares or debentures or other securities of or by the Company for subscription, purchase or exchange in which offer he is, or is to be, interested as a participant in the underwriting or sub-underwriting thereof; |
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(iv) | any proposal concerning a superannuation fund or retirement benefits scheme which has been approved by, or is subject to, and conditional upon approval by the Board of the HMRC for taxation purposes; |
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(v) | any arrangement for the benefit of employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries including but not limited to, an employees share scheme which has been approved by, or is subject to and conditional upon approval by, the Board of the HMRC for taxation purposes and which does not accord to any Directors any privilege not accorded to the employees to whom the arrangement relates; and |
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(vi) | any proposal concerning the purchase or maintenance of insurance for the benefit of Directors or persons who include Directors. |
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The Companies Act requires a Director of a company who is in any way interested in a contract or proposed contract with the company to declare the nature of his interest at a meeting of the Directors of the company. The definition of ‘‘interest’’ now includes the interests of spouses, children, companies and trusts. The Articles also specifically provide that a Director is to be treated as interested in a matter the subject of a resolution if it relates to a transaction or arrangement with a person or body corporate of or in which he is an officer, employee, shareholder, consultant, advisor, representative or otherwise interested. Any question as to the right of a Director to vote, including whether he has a material interest in a material matter the subject of a resolution, may be decided by a resolution of the majority of those Directors who do not have a like interest to the Director or Directors in question.
No person shall be disqualified from being appointed or re-appointed as a Director and no Director shall be requested to vacate that office by reason of his attaining the age of seventy or any other age.
Remuneration of Non-Executive Directors shall be determined in the aggregate by resolution of the shareholders. Remuneration of executive Directors is determined by the remuneration committee. This committee is made up of independent Non-Executive Directors.
There is no requirement of share ownership for a Director’s qualification.
Directors’ appointment and removal
The Directors and the Company (by Ordinary Resolution) may appoint a person who is willing to act as a Director, either to fill a vacancy or as an additional Director. A Director appointed by the Directors shall retire at the next AGM and will put himself forward to be elected by the shareholders.
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Memorandum and articles of assocation
continued
At each AGM, there shall retire from office by rotation:
(i) | all Directors of the Company who are subject to retirement by rotation who held office at the time of the two preceding AGMs and who did not retire by rotation at either of them; and |
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(ii) | such additional number of Directors as shall, when aggregated with the number of Directors retiring under paragraph (i) above, equal either one third of the number of Directors, in circumstances where the number of Directors is three or a multiple of three, or in all other circumstances, the whole number which is nearest to but does not exceed one-third of the number of Directors (the ‘‘Relevant Proportion’’) provided that: |
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| (a) | the provisions of this paragraph (ii) shall only apply if the number of Directors retiring under paragraph (i) above is less than the Relevant Proportion; and |
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| (b) | subject to the provisions of the Act and to the relevant provisions of these Articles, the Directors to retire under this paragraph (ii) shall be those who have been longest in office since their last appointment or reappointment, but as between persons who became or were last reappointed Directors on the same day those to retire shall (unless they otherwise agree among themselves) be determined by lot. |
Borrowing powers
The Directors shall restrict the borrowings of the Company and exercise all powers of control exercisable by the Company in relation to its subsidiary undertakings so as to secure (as regards subsidiary undertakings so far as by such exercise they can secure) that the aggregate principal amount outstanding of all money borrowed by the Group (excluding amounts borrowed by any member of the Group from any other member of the Group), shall not at any time, save with the previous sanction of an ordinary resolution of the Company, exceed an amount equal to the higher of (i) £1.5 billion and (ii) an amount equal to four times the aggregate turnover of the Group as shown in the then latest audited consolidated profit and loss accounts of the Group.
Dividend rights
Holders of the Company’s ordinary shares may by ordinary resolution declare dividends but no such dividend shall exceed the amount recommended by the Directors. If, in the opinion of the Directors, the profits of the Company available for distribution justify such payments, the Directors may, from time to time, pay interim dividends on the shares of such amounts and on such dates and in respect of such periods as they think fit. The profits of the Company available for distribution and resolved to be distributed shall be apportioned and paid proportionately to the amounts paid up on the shares during any portion of the period in respect of which the dividend is paid.
No dividend shall be paid otherwise than out of profits available for distribution as specified under the provisions of the Companies Act.
Any dividend unclaimed after a period of twelve years from the date of declaration of such dividend shall be forfeited and shall revert to the Company.
Voting rights
The Articles of Association provide that subject to any rights or restrictions attached to any shares, on a show of hands every member shall have one vote, and on a poll every member shall have one vote for every share of which he is a holder. On a poll votes may be given either personally or by proxy or (in the case of a corporate member) by a duly authorised representative.
A shareholder entitled to attend and vote at a general meeting may appoint one or more proxies to attend and, on a poll, vote instead of him. A proxy need not be a shareholder of the Company. Holders of the Company’s ordinary shares do not have cumulative voting rights.
Details of a voting agreement that the Company entered into with News UK Nominees Limited, dated 21 September 2005, is detailed in ‘‘Alteration of share capital’’ on page 99.
Winding-up
If the Company commences liquidation, the liquidator may, with the sanction of an extraordinary resolution of the Company and any other sanction required by the Act and the Insolvency Act 1986:
(i) | divide among the members in kind the whole or any part of the assets of the Company (whether they shall consist of property of the same kind or not) and, for that purpose, set such values as he deems fair upon any property to be divided and determine how the division shall be carried out between the members; and |
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(ii) | vest the whole or any part of the assets in trustees upon such trusts for the benefit of members as the liquidator shall think fit, |
but no member shall be compelled to accept any share or other assets upon which there is any liability.
Redemption
None of the shares of the Company has been issued on the basis that it may be redeemed or is liable to be redeemed at the option of the shareholders or the Company. The Company is therefore under no obligation to create a sinking fund or redemption reserve. However, subject to the provisions of the Statutes, the Company may purchase any of its own shares (including any redeemable shares).
Further capital calls
The Directors may only make calls upon the members in respect of amounts unpaid on the shares (whether in respect of nominal value or premium).
Variation of rights
Subject to the Act, the rights attached to any class of shares may (unless otherwise provided by the terms of the issue of shares of that class) be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of three-quarters in nominal value of the issued shares of the class or with the sanction of an extraordinary resolution passed at a separate general meeting of the holders of the shares of the class (but not otherwise) and may be so varied either whilst the Company is a going concern or during, or in contemplation of, a winding-up. At every such separate general meeting the necessary quorum shall be at least two persons holding or representing by proxy at least one-third in nominal value of the issued shares of the class (but so that at any adjourned meeting any holder of shares of the class present in person or by proxy shall be a quorum).
General meetings
The Directors may call general meetings whenever and at whatever time and location they so determine. At a general meeting called to pass a special resolution at least 21 clear days’ notice must be given, and all other extraordinary general meetings shall be called by at least 14 clear days’ notice. Two persons entitled to vote upon the business to be transacted shall be a quorum.
Subject to any terms as to voting upon which any shares may be issued and to the provisions of the Articles, every member present in person shall have one vote on a show of hands and on a poll every member present in person or by proxy shall have one vote for each share of which he is the holder. No member shall be entitled to vote in respect of any share held by him if any call or other sum payable by him to the Company remains unpaid.
If a member or any person appearing to be interested in shares has been duly served with a notice under Section 212 of the Act and is in default for the prescribed period in supplying to the Company information thereby required, unless the Directors otherwise determine, the member shall not be entitled to vote at any general or class meeting of the Company in respect of the shares in relation to which the default occurred.
Limitations on non-resident or foreign shareholders
English law and the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company treat those persons who hold shares and are neither UK residents nor nationals in the same way as UK residents or nationals. They are free to own, vote on and transfer any shares they hold.
Transfer of shares
Any member may transfer all or any of his shares by instrument of transfer in the usual common form or in any other form which the Directors may approve. The instrument of transfer of a share shall be signed by or on behalf of the transferor and, except in the case of fully-paid shares, by or on behalf of the transferee.
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Where any class of shares is for the time being a participating security, title to shares of that class which are recorded as being held in uncertificated form, may be transferred by the relevant system concerned. The Directors may in their absolute discretion and without giving any reason refuse to register any transfer of shares (not being fully paid shares). The Directors may also refuse to register a transfer of shares unless the instrument of transfer:
(i) | is lodged at the transfer office accompanied by the relevant share certificate(s); |
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(ii) | is in respect of only one class of share; and |
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(iii) | is in favour of not more than four persons jointly. |
The Directors of the Company may refuse to register the transfer of a share in uncertificated form to a person who is to hold it thereafter in certificated form in any case where the Company is entitled to refuse (or is excepted from the requirements) under the Uncertificated Securities Regulations 2001 to register the transfer; and they may refuse to register any such transfer in favour of more than four transferees. The Directors may refuse to register any transfer if it is their opinion that such transfer would or might (i) prejudice the Group’s right to hold, be awarded or granted or have renewed or extended, any licence granted under the Broadcasting Acts, or (ii) give rise to or cause a variation to be made to, or a revocation or determination of, any such licence by Ofcom.
If the Directors determine following registration of a transfer of shares:
(i) | and following consultation with Ofcom that, inter alia, by reason of the interest of aperson in any shares of the Company transferred, Ofcom may vary, revoke, determineor refuse to award, grant, renew or extend a licence granted under the Broadcasting Acts; or |
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(ii) | that any person has an interest in the shares of the Company which, inter alia, makesthe Company a disqualified person under the Broadcasting Acts or which contravenes,or would cause a contravention of, any of the restrictions set out in Parts III, IV or V ofSchedule 2 to the Broadcasting Act 1990, as amended by the Communications Act, orany order, direction or notice made pursuant to the Broadcasting Acts orCommunications Act or such other restrictions as may be applied by Ofcom from time to time to disqualify certain persons or bodies from having interests in such a licenceor to restrict the accumulation of interests in relevant services as defined in Schedule2 to the Broadcasting Act 1990, as amended by the Communications Act; |
the Directors shall be entitled to serve written notice (a ‘‘Disposal Notice’’) on the relevant transferee in respect of the shares transferred stating that they have so determined, specifying their grounds in general terms and calling for the disposal of such transferred shares as are specified in the Disposal Notice within 21 days of the date of such notice or such longer period as the Directors may consider reasonable and which they may extend. If the Disposal Notice is not complied with to the satisfaction of the Directors, they shall, so far as they are able, dispose of the relevant shares for the best price reasonably obtainable in all the circumstances. In addition, a member who has been served with a Disposal Notice shall not, with effect from the expiration of such period as the Directors shall specify in such notice (not being longer than 30 days from the date of service of the notice), be entitled to receive notice of, or to attend or vote at, any general meeting of the Company by reason of his holding the shares specified in the Disposal Notice.
Alteration of share capital
The authorised share capital of the Company currently consists of 3,000,000,000 ordinary shares of 50p each.
The Company may from time to time by ordinary resolution:
(i) | increase its share capital by such sum to be divided into shares of such amounts as the resolution shall prescribe; |
(ii) | consolidate and divide all or any of its share capital into shares of larger amount than its existing shares; |
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(iii) | cancel any shares which, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken, or agreed to be taken, by any person and diminish the amount of its capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled; or |
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(iv) | sub-divide its shares, or any of them, into shares of smaller amount than is fixed by the Memorandum of Association (subject, nevertheless, to the provisions of the Statutes). |
Subject to the provisions of the Act, the Company may reduce its share capital redemption reserve, share premium account or other undistributable reserve in any way.
At the AGM of the Company held on 14 November 2003, shareholders approved a special resolution authorising the Directors to reduce the Company’s share premium account by £1,120 million. In addition to the approval of the reduction by shareholders, the Company required the approval of the High Court, which was granted on 10 December 2003. The reduction became effective on 11 December 2003.
At the AGM of the Company held on 12 November 2004, shareholders approved a special resolution allowing the Company to buy-back up to 97,000,000 ordinary shares in the market, which was approximately 5% of the issued ordinary share capital at 1 October 2004. The authority expired on 11 November 2005, 12 months from the date of the passing of the special resolution. Buy-backs are by market purchases through the London Stock Exchange. Any shares purchased are cancelled thereby reducing the number of shares in issue. Under this authority the Company purchased, and subsequently cancelled, 97,000,000 ordinary shares of 50p each for a consideration of £544 million.
At the AGM held on 12 November 2004, shareholders approved an ordinary resolution in relation to Rule 9 of the City Code of Takeovers and Mergers (the ‘‘City Code’’) which waived the compulsory bid obligation that arises for News UK Nominees Limited when the Company repurchases shares under the authority granted by the special resolution detailed above. Under Rule 9 of the City Code, any person who acquires shares which, taken together with the shares already held by him or acquired by persons acting in concert with him, carry 30% or more of the voting rights in a company which is subject to the City Code is normally required to make a general offer to all of the remaining shareholders to acquire their shares. Similarly, when any person or persons acting in concert already hold 30% or more but less than 50% of the voting rights in such a company, a general offer will normally be required to be made if any further shares are acquired. An offer under Rule 9 must be in cash at the highest price paid within the preceding 12 months for any shares acquired in the Company by the person required to make the offer or any person acting in concert with him. The holding of News UK Nominees Limited as at the date of the AGM was 686,021,700 ordinary shares, representing 35.33% of the voting rights in the Company. If the compulsory bid obligation under Rule 9 had not been waived and the Company had repurchased shares under the authority granted by the special resolution detailed above and, at the time, the voting rights attributable to the aggregate holding of News UK Nominees Limited had continued to exceed 30% of the voting rights of the Company or, if, in the meantime, its holding had fallen below this level and, as a result had increased to 30% or more of such voting rights, News UK Nominees Limited would have been required to make a cash offer for the issued shares of the Company which it did not already own. The Panel agreed to waive the compulsory bid obligation arising in respect of a repurchase by the Company of its shares subject to approval of the ordinary resolution on a poll, subsequently received at the AGM, from shareholders independent of News UK Nominees Limited. The waiver in this ordinary resolution, which is valid only for so long as the authority granted pursuant to the special resolution detailed above remains in force, applies only in respect of increases in the percentage interest of News UK Nominees Limited resulting from market purchases by the Company of its own shares and not in respect of other increases in its holding. The authority granted by the special resolution detailed above has been exercised in full and the holdings of News UK Nominees Limited and the percentage of the voting rights in the Company attributable to such holdings, following the exercise of the authority increased from 35.33% to 37.19% of the Company’s issued share capital.
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Memorandum and articles of assocation
continued
At the AGM of the Company held on 4 November 2005, shareholders approved a special resolution that extended the buy-back authority for a further year, allowing the Company to buy-back up to 92,000,000 ordinary shares in the market, which was approximately 5% of the issued share capital of the Company at 27 September 2005. Shareholders also approved an ordinary resolution in relation to Rule 9 of the City Code, explained above, which waived the compulsory bid obligation whilst the buy-back authority remains in force. In addition, in pursuing a continued buy-back authority, the Board considered that it was appropriate that the Company conditionally entered into a voting agreement with News UK Nominees Limited, dated 21 September 2005, which would limit the exercise of its voting rights to 37.19% . The voting agreement was conditional on the buy-back proposals being approved by shareholders and therefore became unconditional on 4 November 2005.
As at 27 September 2006, the Company had purchased, and subsequently cancelled, 92,000,000 ordinary shares of 50p each under this authority for a consideration of £493 million. The authority expired on 3 November 2006 and the Directors did not seek its renewal.
Issue of shares
Subject to the provisions of the Statutes relating to authority, pre-emption rights and otherwise and of any resolution of the Company passed in general meeting, all unissued shares shall be at the disposal of the Directors and they may allot (with or without conferring a right to renunciation), grant options over, or otherwise dispose of them to such persons, at such times and on such terms as they think proper.
Disclosure of interests in the Company’s shares
There are no provisions in the Articles whereby persons acquiring, holding or disposing of a certain percentage of the Company’s shares are required to make disclosure of their ownership percentage, although there are such requirements under the Companies Act.
The basic disclosure requirement under Sections 198 to 211 of the Companies Act imposes upon a person interested in the shares of the Company a statutory obligation to notify the Company in writing and containing details set out in the Companies Act where:
(i) | he acquires (or becomes aware that he has acquired) or ceases to have (or becomes aware that he has ceased to have) an interest in shares comprising any class of the Company’s issued and voting share capital; and |
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(ii) | as a result, either he obtains, or ceases to have: |
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| (a) | a ‘‘material interest’’ in 3%, or more; or |
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| (b) | an aggregate interest (whether ‘‘material’’ or not) in 10%, or more of the Company’s voting capital; or |
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| (c) | the percentage of his interest in the Company’s voting capital remains above the relevant level and changes by a whole percentage point. |
A ‘‘material interest’’ means, broadly, any beneficial interest (including those of a spouse or a child or a step-child, those of a company which is accustomed to act in accordance with the relevant person’s instructions or in which one third or more of the votes are controlled by such person and certain other interests set out in the Companies Act) other than those of an investment manager or an operator of a unit trust/recognised scheme / collective investment scheme/open-ended investment company.
Sections 204 to 206 of the Companies Act set out particular rules of disclosure where two or more parties (each a ‘‘concert party’’) have entered into an agreement to acquire interests in shares of a public company, and the agreement imposes obligations/ restrictions on any concert party with respect to the use, retention or disposal of the shares in the Company and an acquisition of shares by a concert party pursuant to the agreement has taken place.
Under Section 212 of the Companies Act, the Company may by notice in writing require a person that the Company knows or has reasonable cause to believe is or was during the preceding three years interested in the Company’s shares to indicate whether or not that is correct and, if that person does or did hold an interest in the Company’s shares, to provide certain information as set out in the Companies Act.
Sections 324 to 329 of the Companies Act further deal with the disclosure by persons (and certain members of their families) of interests in shares or debentures of the companies of which they are Directors and certain associated companies.
There are additional disclosure obligations under Rule 3 of the Substantial Acquisitions Rules where a person acquires 15% or more of the voting rights of a listed company or when an acquisition increases his holding of shares or rights over shares so as to increase his voting rights beyond that level by a whole percentage point. Notification in this case should be to the Company, the Panel on Takeovers and Mergers and the UK Listing Authority through one of its approved regulatory information services no later than twelve noon on the business day following the date of the acquisition.
The City Code on Takeovers and Mergers also contains strict disclosure requirements with regard to dealings in the securities of an offeror or offeree company on all parties to a takeover and also to their respective associates during the course of an offer period.
Except where otherwise expressly stated, a reference in the Articles to any statute or provision of a statute includes a reference to any statutory amendment, modification or re-enactment of it for the time being in force.
Exchange controls
There are no UK government laws, decrees, regulations or other legislation which restrict or which may affect the import or export of capital, including the availability of cash and cash equivalents for use by us or the remittance of dividends, interest and other payments to non-resident holders of our securities, except as otherwise described in the ‘‘Memorandum and Articles of Association – Dividend rights’’ section above, and the ‘‘Taxation’’ section below.
Under English law (and the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association), persons who are neither residents nor nationals of the UK may freely hold, vote and transfer ordinary shares in the same manner as UK residents or nationals.
Taxation
This section summarises basic UK and US tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of shares and ADSs by a US Holder. For purposes of this summary, a ‘‘US Holder’’ is a beneficial owner of shares or ADSs who is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the US for US income tax purposes, (ii) a corporation organised under the laws of the US or any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (iii) a domestic partnership, (iv) an estate the income of which is subject to US federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (v) a trust if a court within the US is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more US persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust. However, in the case of a partnership, estate or trust, this discussion applies only to the extent such entity’s income is taxed to the entity or its partners or beneficiaries on a net income basis under US tax law. This summary is based (i) upon current UK law and UK HMRC practice, (ii) upon the US Internal Revenue Code, Treasury Regulations, cases and Internal Revenue Service rulings, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect, (iii) upon the UK-US Income Tax Convention currently in effect (the ‘‘Treaty’’), and (iv) in part upon representations of The Bank of New York (the ‘‘Depositary’’) and assumes that each obligation provided for in or otherwise contemplated by the Deposit Agreement dated as of December 2002, among the Company, the Depositary, and the holders from time to time of the ADSs of the Company (the ‘‘Deposit Agreement’’), and any related agreement will be performed in accordance with their respective terms.
The summary of UK tax consequences relates to the material aspects of the UK taxation position of US Holders and does not address the tax consequences to a US Holder (i) that is resident (or, in the case of an individual, ordinarily resident) in the UK for UK tax purposes, (ii) whose holding of shares or ADSs is effectively connected with a permanent establishment in the UK through which such US Holder carries on business activities or, in the case of an individual who performs independent personal services, with a fixed base situated therein, or (iii) that is a corporation which alone or together with one or more associated companies, controls directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting stock of the Company. The discussion set forth below is only a general summary and does not purport to be a technical analysis nor a description of all possible tax consequences.
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The summary of US tax consequences may not completely or accurately describe tax consequences to all US Holders. For example, special rules may apply to US Holders of stock representing 10% or more of the total combined voting power of the Company, US expatriates, insurance companies, tax-exempt organisations, banks and other financial institutions, persons subject to the alternative minimum tax, securities broker-dealers, traders in securities that elect to mark-to-market, and persons holding their shares or ADSs as part of a straddle, hedging or conversion transaction, among others.
Tax consequences to each US Holder will depend upon the particular facts and circumstances of each such holder. Accordingly, each person should consult with his own professional advisor with respect to the tax consequences of his ownership and disposition of shares or ADSs. This summary does not discuss any tax rules other than UK tax and US federal income tax rules. The UK and US tax authorities and courts are not bound by this summary and may disagree with its conclusions.
US Holders of ADSs will be treated as owners of the shares underlying the ADSs. Accordingly, except as noted, the UK and US tax consequences discussed below apply equally to US Holders of ADSs and shares.
Taxation of distributions
Under current UK taxation legislation, no tax is withheld from dividend payments by the Company and generally no UK tax is payable by US Holders who are not resident or ordinarily resident for tax purposes in the UK on dividends declared on the shares.
US Holders who are not resident or ordinarily resident for tax purposes in the UK with no other source of UK income and no liability to UK tax are not required to file a UK income tax return.
For US federal income tax purposes, the gross amount of any distribution made by the Company to a US Holder with respect to any shares or ADSs held by the US Holder generally will be includable in the income of the US Holder as dividend income to the extent that such distribution is paid out of the Company’s current or accumulated earnings and profits as determined under US federal income tax principles (subject to the discussion below under ‘‘US passive foreign investment company rules’’). Dividends will generally constitute foreign source ‘‘passive’’ income for foreign tax credit purposes. The dividend income generally will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations. If the amount of any distribution exceeds the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits as so computed, such excess first will be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the US Holder’s tax basis in its shares or ADSs, and thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of property.
Dividends received by a non-corporate US Holder before 1 January 2011, with respect to such US Holder’s shares or ADSs that constitute qualified dividend income, will be subject to a reduced rate of US federal taxation provided that such US Holder’s shares or ADSs are held by such US holder for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date and the US holder meets other holding period requirements. Dividends paid by the Company with respect to Ordinary Shares or ADSs generally will be qualified dividend income.
Any non-US withholding tax with respect to a dividend may be used as a credit against a US Holder’s US federal income tax liability, subject to certain conditions and limitations.
The amount of any dividend paid in non-US currency will be equal to the US dollar value of such currency on the date the dividend is included in income, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into US dollars. A US Holder will generally be required to recognise US source ordinary income or loss when such US Holder sells or disposes of non-US currency. The US Holder will have a tax basis in this non-US currency equal to the US dollar value of the currency on the date the dividend is included in the US Holder’s income. This foreign currency gain or loss will generally be US source ordinary income or loss.
Taxation of capital gains
US Holders who are not resident or ordinarily resident for tax purposes in the UK will not be liable for UK tax on capital gains realised on the disposal of their ADSs or shares unless they carry on a trade in the UK through a branch, agency or permanent establishment, or a profession or vocation in the UK through a branch or agency and such ADSs or shares are used, held or acquired for the purposes of the trade, profession, vocation, branch, agency or permanent establishment. An individual US Holder who has
ceased to be resident and ordinarily resident in the UK for tax purposes for a period of less than five years, and who disposes of his or her shares or ADSs during that period, may be liable on his or her return to the UK to UK capital gains tax on any chargeable gain realised. The surrender of ADSs in exchange for shares should not usually give rise to UK corporation tax, or US or UK capital gains tax.
In general, for US federal income tax purposes, a US Holder will recognise capital gain or loss if such US Holder sells or exchanges shares or ADSs, provided that such shares or ADSs are capital assets in the hands of such US Holder (subject to the discussion below under ‘‘US passive foreign investment company rules’’). Any gain or loss will generally be US source gain or loss. For an individual, any capital gain will generally be subject to US federal income tax at preferential rates if the individual has held the shares or ADSs for more than one year.
US passive foreign investment company rules
The Company believes that it will not be treated as a passive foreign investment company (‘‘PFIC’’) for US federal income tax purposes for the current taxable year or for future taxable years. However, an actual determination of PFIC status is factual and cannot be made until the close of the applicable taxable year. The Company will be a PFIC for any taxable year in which either:
(i) | 75% or more of its gross income is passive income; or |
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(ii) | its assets that produce passive income or that are held for the production of passive income amount to at least 50% of the value of its total assets on average. |
For purposes of this test, the Company will be treated as directly owning its proportionate share of the assets, and directly receiving its proportionate share of the gross income, of each corporation in which the Company owns, directly or indirectly, at least 25% of the value of the shares of such corporation.
If the Company were to become a PFIC, the tax applicable to distributions on shares or ADSs and any gains a US Holder recognises on disposition of shares or ADSs may be less favourable to such US Holder. Accordingly, each person should consult with his own professional advisor regarding the PFIC rules.
Inheritance and gift taxes
An individual who is domiciled in the US for the purposes of the United Kingdom-United States Estate and Gift Tax Convention (the ‘‘Estate Tax Treaty’’) and who is not a national of the UK for the purposes of the Estate Tax Treaty will generally not be subject to UK inheritance tax in respect of the shares or ADSs on the individual’s death or on a gift of the shares or ADSs during the individual’s lifetime provided that any applicable US federal gift or estate tax liability is paid, unless the shares or ADSs are part of the business property of a permanent establishment in the UK of an enterprise or pertain to a fixed base in the UK of an individual used for the performance of independent personal services. Where the ADSs or shares have been placed in trust by a settlor who, at time of settlement, was a US Holder, the ADSs or shares will generally not be subject to UK inheritance tax unless the settlor, at the time of settlement, was not domiciled in the US and was a UK national for the purposes of the Estate Tax Treaty. In the exceptional case where the shares are subject both to UK inheritance tax and to US federal gift or estate tax, the Estate Tax Treaty generally provides for the tax paid in the UK to be credited against tax paid in the US or for tax paid in the US to be credited against tax payable in the UK based on priority rules set out in that Treaty.
UK stamp duty and stamp duty reserve tax
A transfer for value of the shares will generally be subject to UK ad valorem stamp duty, normally at the rate of 0.5% of the amount or value of the consideration given for the transfer, rounded up (if necessary) to the nearest multiple of £5. Stamp duty is normally a liability of the purchaser.
An agreement to transfer shares or any interest therein for money or money’s worth will normally give rise to a charge to stamp duty reserve tax (‘‘SDRT’’) at the rate of 0.5% of the amount or value of the consideration for the shares or interest therein (with no rounding up or down). However, if a duly stamped instrument of transfer of the shares is executed in pursuance of the agreement and duly produced within six years of the date on which the agreement for sale is made (or, if the agreement is conditional, the date on which the condition is satisfied) any SDRT paid is generally repayable with interest, and otherwise the SDRT charge is cancelled. SDRT is in general payable by the purchaser. The UK Finance Act 1996 (amending the UK Finance Act 1986) makes it clear that (contrary to previous UK HMRC practice) SDRT will be levied in respect of agreements to transfer chargeable securities (which include shares) even where a person not resident in the UK buys chargeable securities from another non-resident and the transaction is carried out outside the UK.
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Stamp duty or SDRT charges at the rate of 1.5% (in the case of both stamp duty and SDRT) of the amount or value of the consideration, or in some circumstances, the value of the shares, may arise on a transfer of shares to the Depositary or the Custodian of the Depositary or to certain persons providing a clearance system (or their nominees or agents) and will usually be payable by the Depositary or such other persons. It is possible for persons operating clearance services to make an election to HMRC subject to certain conditions, pursuant to which, instead of the 1.5% stamp duty or SDRT charge applying on entry as described above, a 0.5% SDRT charge would apply to transfers of securities made within the system.
In accordance with the terms of the Deposit Agreement, any tax or duty payable by the Depositary or the Custodian of the Depositary on any subsequent deposit of shares will be charged by the Depositary to the holder of the ADS or any deposited security represented by the ADS.
No UK stamp duty will be payable on the acquisition or transfer of an ADS or beneficial ownership of an ADS, provided that the ADS and any separate instrument of transfer or written agreement to transfer remains at all times outside the UK, and provided further that any instrument of transfer or written agreement to transfer is not executed in the UK. An agreement to transfer ADSs will not give rise to a liability for SDRT.
Any transfer for value of the underlying shares represented by ADSs (which will exclude a transfer from the Custodian of the Depositary or the Depositary to an ADS holder on a cancellation of the ADSs), may give rise to a liability to UK stamp duty. The amount of UK stamp duty payable is generally calculated at the rate of 0.5% of the amount or value of the consideration on a transfer from the Custodian of the Depositary to a US Holder or registered holder of an ADS, rounded up (if necessary) to the nearest multiple of £5. Upon cancellation of the ADS, however, only a fixed UK stamp duty of £5 per instrument of transfer will be payable.
US information reporting and backup withholding
Dividend payments on the shares or ADSs and proceeds from the sale, exchange or other disposition of the shares or ADSs may be subject to information reporting to the Internal Revenue Service and possible US backup withholding at a rate of 28%. US federal backup withholding generally is imposed on specified payments to persons that fail to furnish required information. Backup withholding will not apply to a holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number or certificate of foreign status and makes any other required certification, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. Any US persons required to establish their exempt status generally must file Internal Revenue Service Form W-9, Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and Certification.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against a US Holder’s US federal income tax liability. A US Holder may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the Internal Revenue Service and furnishing any required information.
Documents on display
Certain documents referred to in this Annual Report can be inspected at our offices at Grant Way, Isleworth, Middlesex, TW7 5QD, England. A copy of the Annual Report can be downloaded from the Company’s corporate website at www.sky.com/corporate.
We are subject to the periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the US Securities Exchange Act. Under the Exchange Act, we are required to file reports and other information with the SEC. Copies of reports and other information, when so filed, may be inspected without charge and may be obtained at prescribed rates at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C., 20549. The public may obtain information regarding the SEC’s Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-202-551-8090. Our public filings with the SEC are also available on the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov.
Material modifications to the rights of security holders and use of proceeds
The constituent instruments defining the rights of holders of ordinary shares have not been materially modified.
Pursuant to the terms of the Deposit Agreement, The Bank of New York, as Depositary, has agreed to notify holders of ADSs of all actions of the Company in which shareholders of ordinary shares are entitled to exercise voting rights, thus facilitating the exercise of voting rights by holders of ADSs. The address of The Bank of New York is 101 Barclay Street, New York, New York, 10286.
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Useful Definitions | Description |
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365 Media | 365 Media Group plc |
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ADS | American Depositary Share (each ADS currently represents four ordinary shares of BSkyB) |
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ATC | Advanced Technology Centre |
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Basic Packages | DTH subscription packages which exclude Premium Channels |
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Bonus channel | A channel provided to a subscriber in addition to one or more subscription channels, but at no incremental cost to the subscriber |
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BSkyB or the Company | British Sky Broadcasting Group plc |
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Churn | The number of DTH subscribers over a given period that terminate their subscription in its entirety, net of former subscribers who reinstate their subscription in that period (where such reinstatement is within a twelve month period of the termination of their original subscription), expressed as a percentage of total subscribers |
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DSL | Digital Subscriber Line |
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DTH | Direct-to-Home: the transmission of satellite services with reception through a minidish. The Group also retails certain Sky Channels to a limited number of DSL subscribers (references throughout to ‘‘DTH subscribers’’ include DSL subscribers) |
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DTT | Digital Terrestrial Television: digital signals delivered to homes through a conventional aerial, converted through a set-top box or integrated digital television set |
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EITF | Emerging Issues Task Force: a body which assists in providing financial reporting guidance under US GAAP |
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EPG | Electronic Programme Guide |
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ESOP | Employee Share Ownership Plan |
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Fiscal year or fiscal | Refers to the twelve months ended on the Sunday nearest to 30 June of the given year |
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Freesat | Non-subscription service offered by Sky |
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Freeview | The free DTT offering available in the UK |
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GAAP | Generally Accepted Accounting Principles |
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The Group | BSkyB and its subsidiary undertakings |
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HD | High Definition Television |
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IFRS | International Financial Reporting Standards |
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IP | Internet Protocol: the mechanism by which data packets may be routed between computers on a network |
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IPTV | Internet protocol television |
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linear television channels | television channels broadcasting consecutive scheduled programming |
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LLU | Local Loop Unbundling: a process by which BT’s exchange lines are physically disconnected from BT’s network and connected to other operators’ networks. This enables operators other than BT to use the BT local loop to provide services to customers |
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Minidish | Satellite dish required to receive digital satellite television |
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MPLS | Multi Protocol Label Switching: a networking standard for including routing information in the data packets of an Internet Protocol network. |
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Multiroom | Installation of an additional set-top box in the household of an existing subscriber |
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Ofcom | Office of Communications |
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Premium Channels | The Sky Premium Channels and the Premium Sky Distributed Channels |
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Premium Sky Distributed Channels | Disney Cinemagic (including a Disney multiplex channel, ‘‘Disney Cinemagic +1’’) (from 16 March 2006, The Disney Channel (including three Disney multiplex channels, ‘‘Toon Disney’’, ‘‘Playhouse Disney’’ and ‘‘Disney Channel +1 hour’’) was replaced by Disney Cinemagic (including a Disney multiplex channel, ‘‘Disney Cinemagic +1’’) and ‘‘Toon Disney’’ and ‘‘Playhouse Disney’’ became Basic Package channels) MUTV, Chelsea TV and Music Choice Extra. Until 23 July 2006, FilmFour (including the FilmFour multiplex channels, |
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| ‘‘FilmFour +1’’ and ‘‘FilmFour Weekly’’) was a Premium Sky Distributed Channel. From 23 July 2006, FilmFour has been broadcast as a free-to-air channel |
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Pub Channel | A wholly-owned business-to-business television channel available only to the licensed retail trade |
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PVR | Personal Video Recorder: satellite decoder which utilises a built-in hard disk drive to enable viewers to record without videotapes, pause live television and record one programme while watching another |
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RCF | Revolving Credit Facility |
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Set-top box | Digital satellite reception equipment |
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Sky | British Sky Broadcasting Group plc and its subsidiary undertakings |
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Sky+ | Sky’s fully-integrated Personal Video Recorder (PVR) and satellite decoder |
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Sky Active | The brand name for Sky’s transactional interactive television services, including e-mail/messaging, games, betting, shopping, banking, travel services and ticket sales |
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Sky Basic Channels | Sky One, (and its simulcast version, Sky One HD), Sky Two and Sky Three, Sky News, Sky Travel (and its multiplex versions, Sky Travel +1 and Sky Travel Extra), Sky Travel Shop, Sky Sports News, Sky Arts (including its simulcast version, Sky Arts HD) (all references to Sky Channels relating to periods prior to 4 March 2005 exclude Sky Arts), Sky Vegas, Sky Poker, Flaunt, Bliss (which was named ‘‘The Amp’’until 2 March 2006) and Scuzz. Flaunt, Bliss and Scuzz were disposed of by the Group on 31 December 2006 |
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Sky Bet | Sky’s betting services, provided through set-top boxes, the internet and via phone |
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Sky box office | Our pay-per-view service offering movies, sporting events and concerts |
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Sky Buy | Interactive and internet shopping services |
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Sky Channels | Television channels wholly owned by the Group, being the Sky Basic Channels and Sky Premium Channels |
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Sky Distributed Channels | Television channels owned and broadcast by third parties, retailed by the Group to DTH viewers |
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Sky Premium Channel Package | DTH subscription package which includes one or more of the Sky Premium Channels |
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Sky Premium Channels | Pack 1 (Sky Movies Comedy, Sky Movies Classic, Sky Movies Modern Greats, Sky Movies Family, Sky Movies HD1 and Sky Movies SD1 (simulcast of HD1)), Pack 2 (Sky Movies Action/Thriller, Sky Movies Indie, Sky Movies SciFi/Horror, Sky Movies Drama, Sky Movies HD2 and Sky Movies SD2 (simulcast of HD2)) and Bonus Channels (Sky Movies Premiere and Sky Movies Premiere +1) |
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Sky Talk | Home telephony service provided exclusively for Sky digital subscribers |
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SkyVenue | A wholly-owned business television channel available only to the licensed retail trade for viewing by their customers |
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Sky World | The top tier of packages that includes all Sky Premium Channels |
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Terrestrial channels | Television channels which have access to analogue spectrum. The UK currently has five terrestrial channels: BBC 1, BBC 2, ITV, Channel 4 and five |
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Transmission costs | Costs of transmitting channels to subscribers |
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Transponder | Wireless communication devices on satellites which send programming signals to minidishes |
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VAT | Value Added Tax: a UK sales tax levied on most goods and services |
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Viewing share | Number of people viewing a channel as a percentage of total viewing audience |
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VoD | Video-on-Demand |
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VPN | Virtual Private Network: a network that uses a public telecommunication infrastructure, such as the internet, to provide remote offices or individual users with secure access to their organisation’s network |
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WAN | Wide Area Network: Companies link networks at different sites over the internet to form a secure WAN |
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Form 20-F cross reference guide |
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The information in this document that is referred to below shall be deemed to be part of the Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2007 that has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This information is the only information that is intended to be filed or incorporated by reference into any filing made by the Company under applicable US securities laws.
| Item | | Form 20-F caption | | Location in this document | | Page | |
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| 1 | | Identity of directors, senior management and advisors | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
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| 2 | | Offer statistics and expected timetable | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
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| 3 | | Key information | | | | | |
| A | | Selected financial data | | Group financial record | | 93 | |
| | | | | Shareholder Information – Exchange rates | | 97 | |
| B | | Capitalization and indebtedness | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
| C | | Reason for the offer and use of proceeds | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
| D | | Risk factors | | Risk factors | | 17 | |
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| 4 | | Information on the Company | | | | | |
| A | | History and development of the Company | | The business, its objectives and its strategy | | 4 | |
| B | | Business overview | | The business, its objectives and its strategy | | 4 | |
| | | | | Government regulation | | 19 | |
| C | | Organizational structure | | Consolidated financial statements – Note 30 ‘‘Group investments’’ | | 81 | |
| D | | Property, plants and equipment | | Property | | 35 | |
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| 4A | | Unresolved staff comments | | Consolidated financial statements – Summary of differences between IFRS and US GAAP | | 82 | |
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| 5 | | Operating and financial review and prospects | | | | | |
| A | | Operating results | | Financial review | | 26 | |
| | | | | Financial and operating review | | 27 | |
| | | | | Government regulation | | 19 | |
| B | | Liquidity and capital resources | | Financial and operating review – Liquidity and capital resources | | 29 | |
| C | | Research and development, patents and licenses, etc | | Financial and operating review – Research and development | | 33 | |
| D | | Trend information | | Financial and operating review – Trends and other information | | 32 | |
| E | | Off balance sheet arrangements | | Financial and operating review – Off-balance sheet arrangements | | 33 | |
| F | | Tabular disclosure of contractual obligations | | Financial and operating review – Tabular disclosure of contractual obligations | | 31 | |
| G | | Safe harbor | | Forward looking statements | | 1 | |
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| 6 | | Directors, senior management and employees | | | | | |
| A | | Directors and senior management | | Board of Directors and senior management | | 37 | |
| B | | Compensation | | Report on Directors’ remuneration | | 43 | |
| C | | Board practices | | Report on Directors’ remuneration – 8. Service agreements, 9. Non-Executive Directors | | 46 | |
| | | | | Corporate governance report – Board Committees | | 41 | |
| D | | Employees | | Board of Directors and senior management – Employees | | 39 | |
| | | | | Consolidated financial statements – Note 7 ‘‘Employee benefits and key management compensation’’ | | 62 | |
| E | | Share ownership | | Report on Directors’ remuneration – 11. Share interests | | 47 | |
| | | | | Report on Directors’ remuneration – 13. LTIP, 14. Sharesave Scheme options | | 49 | |
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| 7 | | Major shareholders and related party transactions | | | | | |
| A | | Major shareholders | | Shareholder information – Major shareholders | | 96 | |
| B | | Related party transactions | | Financial and operating review – Related party transactions | | 33 | |
| | | | | Consolidated financial statements – Note 29 ‘‘Transactions with related parties and major shareholders’’ | | 80 | |
| C | | Interests of experts and counsel | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
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| 8 | | Financial information | | | | | |
| A | | Consolidated statements and other financial information | | Auditors’ report | | 51 | |
| | | | | Consolidated financial statements | | 52 | |
| | | | | Financial and operating review – Trends and other information | | 32 | |
| B | | Significant changes | | None | | n/a | |
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| Item | | Form 20-F caption | | Location in this document | | Page | |
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| 9 | | The offer and listing | | | | | |
| A | | Offer and listing details | | Shareholder information – Share price information | | 95 | |
| B | | Plan of distribution | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
| C | | Markets | | Shareholder information – Share information | | 95 | |
| D | | Selling shareholders | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
| E | | Dilution | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
| F | | Expenses of the issue | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
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| 10 | | Additional information | | | | | |
| A | | Share capital | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
| B | | Memorandum and articles of association | | Shareholder information – Memorandum and articles of association | | 97 | |
| C | | Material contracts | | The business, its objectives and its strategy – Significant agreements | | 15 | |
| D | | Exchange controls | | Shareholder information – Exchange controls | | 100 | |
| E | | Taxation | | Shareholder information – Taxation | | 100 | |
| F | | Dividends and paying agents | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
| G | | Statement by experts | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
| H | | Documents on display | | Shareholder information – Documents on Display | | 102 | |
| I | | Subsidiary information | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
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| 11 | | Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk | | Consolidated financial statements – Note 22 ‘‘Derivatives and other financial instruments’’ | | 71 | |
| | | | | Forward looking statements – safe harbour | | 1 | |
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| 12 | | Description of securities other than equity securities | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
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| 13 | | Defaults, dividend arrearages and delinquencies | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
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| 14 | | Material modifications to the rights of security holders and use of proceeds | | Shareholder information – Material modifications to the rights of security holders and use of proceeds | | 102 | |
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| 15 | | Controls and procedures | | Corporate governance report | | 39 | |
| | | | | Auditors’ report | | 51 | |
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| 15T | | Controls and procedures | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
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| 16A | | Audit committee financial expert | | Corporate governance report – Audit Committee | | 41 | |
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| 16B | | Code of ethics | | Corporate governance report – Corporate policies | | 39 | |
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| 16C | | Principal accountant fees and services | | Consolidated financial statements – Note 6 ‘‘Profit before taxation’’ | | 61 | |
| | | | | Corporate governance report – Use of external auditors | | 42 | |
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| 16D | | Exemptions from the listing standards for audit committees | | None | | n/a | |
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| 16E | | Purchases of equity securities by the issuer and affiliated purchasers | | Consolidated financial statements – Note 24 ‘‘Reconciliation of shareholders’ equity’’ – Purchase of own shares for cancellation and capital redemption reserve | | 79 | |
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| 17 | | Financial statements | | Not applicable | | n/a | |
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| 18 | | Financial statements | | Auditors’ report | | 51 | |
| | | | | Consolidated financial statements | | 52 | |
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| 19 | | Exhibits | | Filed with the SEC | | | |
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SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorised the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
BRITISH SKY BROADCASTING GROUP PLC | | |
| BY: | JEREMY DARROCH |
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| | JEREMY DARROCH |
| | Chief Financial Officer |
Date: 27 July 2007 |
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EXHIBITS
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 20-F
| | | | Exhibit No. In | |
Number | | | | Document | |
| | | | Incorporated By | |
| | Description | | Reference | |
1(i) | | Memorandum and Articles of Association | | A | |
2.1(ii) | | Specimen share certificate | | 2 | |
2.2(iii) | | Form of Indenture, dated as of 15 September 1996, among the Company, as the Issuer, and British Sky Broadcasting Limited and Sky Subscribers Services Limited, as Initial Guarantors, and the Bank of New York, as Trustee, relating to Guaranteed Debt Securities | | 4.1 | |
2.3(iv) | | Form of Indenture, dated as of 2 July 1999, among the Company, as the Issuer, and British Sky Broadcasting Limited and Sky Subscribers Services Limited, as Initial Guarantors, and the Bank of New York, as Trustee, relating to Guaranteed Debt Securities. | | 10.2 | |
2.4(v) | | Form of Indenture, dated as of 21 October 2005, among the Company, British Sky Broadcasting Limited, and Sky Subscribers Services Limited, as Initial Guarantors, BSkyB Finance UK plc, as the Issuer, and the Bank of New York, as Trustee, relating to Guaranteed Debt Securities. | | 2.4 | |
2.5 | | First Supplemental Indenture dated as of January 31, 2007 and Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of May 3, 2007 to the Indenture dated as of 21 October 2005. | | – | |
2.6 | | First Supplemental Indenture dated as of January 31, 2007 and Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of May 3, 2007 to the Indentures dated as of 2 July 1999 and 21 October 2005 | | – | |
2.7 | | First Supplemental Indenture dated as of January 31, 2007 and Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of May 3, 2007 to the Indenture dated as of 15 September 1996 | | – | |
2.8 | | Trust Deed relating to the BSkyB Finance UK plc and British Sky Broadcasting Group plc £1,000,000,000 Euro Medium Term Note Programme | | – | |
4.1(vi) | | Agreement dated 3 November 2004 with respect to a £1,000,000,000 Revolving Credit Facility among British Sky Broadcasting Group plc, as borrower, Barclays Bank plc, as agent, and others. | | 4.1 | |
4.2(vii) | | Service agreement dated 13 May 2004 with the Chief Executive Officer. | | 4.2 | |
4.3(vii) | | Service agreement dated 16 August 2004 with the Chief Financial Officer | | 4.3 | |
8 | | List of Subsidiaries. | | – | |
11(viii) | | Code of Ethics. | | 11 | |
12.1 | | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | | – | |
12.2 | | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | | – | |
13 | | Written statement of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350). | | – | |
15 | | Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP | | – | |
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(i) | Incorporated by reference to the Special Report on Form 6-K of British Sky Broadcasting Group plc filed with the SEC on 18 August 2003. |
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(ii) | Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F of British Sky Broadcasting Group plc for the fiscal year ended 30 June 2001 filed with the SEC on 1 October 2001. |
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(iii) | Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form F-3, Registration Statement File No. 333-5538, as filed with the SEC on 2 October 1996. |
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(iv) | Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F of British Sky Broadcasting Group plc for the fiscal year ended 30 June 1999 filed with the SEC on 27 October 1999. |
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(v) | Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F of British Sky Broadcasting Group plc for the fiscal year ended 30 June 2006 filed with the SEC on 31 July 2006. |
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(vi) | Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F of British Sky Broadcasting Group plc for the fiscal year ended 30 June 2005 filed with the SEC on 7 October 2005. |
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(vii) | Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F of British Sky Broadcasting Group plc for the fiscal year ended 30 June 2004 filed with the SEC on 26 October2004. |
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(viii) | Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F of British Sky Broadcasting Group plc for the fiscal year ended 30 June 2003 filed with the SEC on 5 December2003. |
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