Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Nature of Business American Church Mortgage Company, a Minnesota corporation, was incorporated on May 27, 1994. The Company was organized to engage primarily in the business of making mortgage loans to churches and other nonprofit religious organizations throughout the United States, on terms established for individual organizations. Accounting Estimates Management uses estimates and assumptions in preparing these financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Those estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most sensitive estimates relate to the realizability of the mortgage loans receivable, the valuation of the bond portfolio and the valuation of real estate held for sale. It is at least reasonably possible that these estimates could change in the near term and that the effect of the change, if any, may be material to the financial statements. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company's loans have been granted to churches and other non-profit religious organizations. The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is dependent on member contributions and the involvement in the church or organization of its senior pastor. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains accounts primarily at two financial institutions. At times throughout the year, the Company’s cash and equivalents balances may exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Cash in money market funds is not federally insured. The Company had $974,346 and $15,428 in a money market fund account at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. Bond Portfolio The Company accounts for the bond portfolio under the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 320, Investments-Debt and Equity Securities. The Company classifies the bond portfolio as “available-for sale” and measures the portfolio at fair value. While the bonds are generally held until contractual maturity, the Company classifies them as available for sale as the bonds may be used to repay secured investor certificates or provide additional liquidity or working capital in the short term. The Company has classified $167,000 and $139,000 in bonds as current assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, based on management’s estimates for liquidity requirements and contractual maturities of certain bonds maturing in 2019 and 2018, respectively. Allowance for Loan Losses on Mortgage Loans Receivable The Company records mortgage loans receivable at estimated net realizable value, which is the unpaid principal balances of the mortgage loans receivable, less the allowance for loan losses on mortgage loans receivable and less deferred loan origination fees. The Company’s loan policy provides an allowance for estimated uncollectible loans based on an evaluation of the current status of the loan portfolio with application of reserve percentages to specific loans based on payment status. This policy reserves for principal amounts outstanding on a specific loan if cumulative interruptions occur in the normal payment schedule of the loan, therefore, the Company recognizes a provision for losses and an allowance for the outstanding principal amount of the loan in the Company’s portfolio if the amount is in doubt of collection. Additionally, no interest income is recognized on impaired loans that are declared to be in default and are in the foreclosure process. At December 31, 2018, the Company reserved $1,672,003 for seventeen mortgage loans. Eleven of these loans are three or more mortgage payments in arrears of which three are declared to be in default and two are in the foreclosure process. The total principal amount of these seventeen loans totals approximately $6,893 A summary of transactions in the allowance for mortgage loans for the years ended December 31 is as follows: 2018 2017 Balance at beginning of year $ 1,428,155 $ 1,311,983 Provision for losses on mortgage loans receivable 254,310 116,172 Reclassified to real estate held for sale (10,462 ) — Charge-offs — — Balance at end of year $ 1,672,003 $ 1,428,155 The total impaired loans, which are loans that are in the foreclosure process or are declared to be in default, were approximately $1,498,000 and $2,044,000 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which the Company believes are adequately secured by the underlying collateral and the allowance for mortgage loans. Approximately $833,000 of the Company’s allowance for mortgage loans was allocated to these loans at December 31, 2018. Approximately $723,000 of the Company’s allowance for mortgage loans was allocated to impaired loans at December 31, 2017. The Company will declare a loan to be in default and will place the loan on non-accrual status when the following thresholds have been met: (i) the borrower has missed three consecutive mortgage payments; (ii) the borrower has not communicated to the Company any legitimate reason for delinquency in its payments to the Company and has not arranged for the re-continuance of payments; (iii) lines of communication to the borrower have broken down such that any reasonable prospect of rehabilitating the loan and return of regular payments is gone. The Company’s policies on payments received and interest accrued on non-accrual loans are as follows: (i) The Company will accept payments on loans that are currently on non-accrual status when a borrower has communicated to us that they intend to meet their mortgage obligations. A payment made on a non-accrual loan is considered a good faith deposit as to the intent to resume their mortgage payment obligation. This good faith deposit is credited back to interest first then principal as stated in the mortgage loan documentation. (ii) A letter outlining the re-payment terms or the restructure terms (if any) of the loan is provided to the borrower. This letter will be signed by the Senior Pastor and either officers or board members of the borrower. This letter resumes the obligation to make payments on non-accrual loans. (iii) The borrower must meet all its payment obligations for the next 120 days without interruption in order to be removed from non-accrual status. No interest income was recognized on non-accrual loans for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. When a loan is declared in default according to the Company’s policy or deemed to be doubtful of collection, the loan committee of the Advisor to the Company will direct the staff to charge-off the uncollectable receivables. Loans totaling approximately $2,853,000 and $3,364,000 exceeded 90 days past due but continued to accrue interest as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company believes that continued interest accruals are appropriate because the loans are well secured, not deemed to be in technical default and the Company is actively pursuing collection of past due payments. Real Estate Held for Sale As of December 31, 2018, the Company had acquired one property located in Bethel, Ohio through the foreclosure process with an outstanding balance of $112,515. The Company is preparing to list the property for sale through a local realtor. As of December 31, 2018, the Company has one property located in Pine Bluff, Arkansas acquired via deed in lieu of foreclosure with an outstanding balance totaling balance totaling $225,872. The Church is still occupying this property and paying rent while trying to either sell the building or obtain refinancing. The Company records real estate held for sale at the estimated fair value, which is net of the expected expenses related to the sale of the real estate. The fair value of our real estate held for sale, which represents the carrying value, is $340,659 as of December 31, 2018. The Company sold one property and disposed of a second property during the year ended December 31, 2017. The first property was sold to an unrelated third party for approximately $48,000. The second property was disposed by way of a “Quit-Claim Deed” to an unrelated third party. The disposed property had no carrying value. The Company realized an additional loss of approximately $67,000 on property that was sold as of December 31, 2017. Carrying Value of Long-Lived Assets The Company tests long-lived assets or asset groups for recoverability when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Circumstances which could trigger a review include, but are not limited to: significant decreases in the market price of the asset; significant adverse changes in the business climate or legal factors; accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of the asset; current period cash flow or operating losses combined with a history of losses or a forecast of continuing losses associated with the use of the asset; and current expectation that the asset will more likely than not be sold or disposed of significantly before the end of the estimated useful life. Recoverability is assessed based on the carrying amount of the asset compared to the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and the eventual disposal of the asset, as well as specific appraisal in certain instances. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount is deemed not recoverable and exceeds fair value as determined through various valuation techniques including, but not limited to, discounted cash flow models, quoted market values, and third party independent appraisals. Revenue Recognition Interest income on mortgage loans receivable and the bond portfolio is recognized as earned per the terms of the specific asset. Other income included with interest represents cash received for loan origination fees, which are recognized over the life of the loan as an adjustment to the yield on the loan. As of January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Topic 606 The Company generally fully satisfies its performance obligations on its contracts with customers as services are rendered and the transaction prices are typically fixed; charged either on a periodic basis or based on activity. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices are fixed, there is little judgment involved in applying Topic 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers. The main types of revenue contracts included in non-interest income within the consolidated statements of operations are as follows: Gain Losses on Sale of OREO The Company records a gain or loss from the sale of OREO when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. When the Company finances the sale of OREO to the buyer, the Company assesses whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. Once these criteria are met, the OREO asset is derecognized and the gain or loss on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. In determine the gain or loss on the sale, the Company adjusts the transaction prices and related gain (loss) on sale if a significant financing component is present. Deferred Financing Costs The Company defers the costs related to obtaining financing. These costs are amortized over the life of the financing using the straight line method, which approximates the effective interest method. Income (Loss) Per Common Share No adjustments were made to income (loss) for the purpose of calculating earnings per share, as there were no potential dilutive shares outstanding. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June, 2016 the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU 2016-13 is intended to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit. For public entities, ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has not yet fully evaluated the potential effects of adopting ASU 2016-13 on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. Recent Accounting Pronouncements – Adopted In the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Income Taxes The Company elected to be taxed as a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT). Accordingly, the Company is not subject to Federal income tax to the extent of distributions to its shareholders if the Company meets all the requirements under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. The Company evaluated its recognition of income tax benefits using a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring tax benefits when realization of the benefits is uncertain. The first step is to determine whether the benefit meets the more-likely-than-not condition for recognition and the second step is to determine the amount to be recognized based on the cumulative probability that exceeds 50%. Primarily due to the Company’s tax status as a REIT, the Company does not have any significant tax uncertainties that would require recognition or disclosure. Subsequent Events The Company has evaluated events and transactions through the date the financial statements were available to be issued. No material events or transactions occurred in the time period referenced above requiring adjustment to or disclosure in the December 31, 2018 financial statements. |