Fair Value Measurement | 3. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT Some assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The Company has no such assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Other assets and liabilities may be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Below is a description of the valuation methodology and significant inputs used for each asset and liability measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis, as well as the classification of the asset or liability within the fair value hierarchy. Bonds held to maturity Securities held to maturity are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, securities deemed other-than-temporarily impaired are measured at fair value. The fair value measurement of such securities is obtained from an independent firm and is based on a valuation model that incorporates various assumptions market participants would use to value the securities, such as current interest rates, estimated credit and liquidity spreads, conditional default and loss severity rates, and available credit support. Since some of these assumptions are unobservable in the current market environment, the fair value measurement of other-than-temporarily impaired securities held to maturity is considered a Level 3 measurement. Loans Loans are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, loans considered to be impaired (see Note 1) may be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The fair value measurement of an impaired loan that is collateral dependent is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. Independent appraisals are obtained that utilize one or more valuation methodologies - typically they will incorporate a comparable sales approach and an income approach. Management routinely evaluates the fair value measurements of independent appraisers and adjusts those valuations based on differences noted between actual selling prices of collateral and the most recent appraised value. Such adjustments are usually significant, which results in a Level 3 classification. All other impaired loan measurements are based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the applicable effective interest rate. Real estate held for sale Real estate and other property acquired through or in lieu of loan foreclosure are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, foreclosed assets are initially measured at fair value (less estimated costs to sell) when they are acquired and may also be measured at fair value (less estimated costs to sell) if they become subsequently impaired. The fair value measurement for each asset may be obtained from an independent appraiser or prepared internally. Fair value measurements obtained from independent appraisers generally utilize a market approach based on sales of comparable assets and/or an income approach. Such measurements are usually considered Level 2 measurements. However, management routinely evaluates fair value measurements of independent appraisers by comparing actual selling prices to the most recent appraisals. If management determines significant adjustments should be made to the independent appraisals based on these evaluations, these measurements are considered Level 3 measurements. Fair value measurements prepared internally are based on management's comparisons to sales of comparable assets, but include significant unobservable data and are therefore considered Level 3 measurements. Information regarding the fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 follows: Nonrecurring Fair Value at March 31, 2021 Assets: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments Level 1 Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2 Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 Total Bond portfolio $ - $ - $3,690,090 $3,690,090 Impaired loans $ - $ - $4,944,136 $4,944,136 Real estate held for sale $ - $ - $ 328,996 $ 328,996 Nonrecurring Fair Value at December 31, 2020 Assets: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments Level 1 Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2 Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 Total Bond portfolio $ - $ - $4,650,372 $4,650,372 Impaired loans $ - $ - $5,004,424 $5,004,424 Real estate held for sale $ - $ - $ 428,996 $ 428,996 As of March 31, 2021, bonds held to maturity with a carrying value of $4,576,598 were written down to their fair value of $3,690,000 by recognizing an other than temporary impairment of $886,508. As of December 31, 2020, bonds held to maturity with a carrying value of $5,484,988 were written down to their fair value of $4,650,372 by recognizing an other than temporary impairment of $834,226. As of March 31, 2021, loans with a carrying amount of $6,445,231 were considered impaired and were written down to their estimated fair value of $4,994,136 by recognizing a specific valuation allowance of $1,501,095. As of December 31, 2020, loans with a carrying amount of $6,498,421 were considered impaired and were written down to their estimated fair value of $5,004,424 by recognizing a specific valuation allowance of $1,493,996. Real estate held for sale is recognized at fair value, less costs to sell. Impairment charges of $100,000 and $0 were recognized in earnings for the periods ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The following presents quantitative information about nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020: Fair Value Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs(s) Range/Weighted March 31, 2021 Bond Portfolio $3,690,090 Market or Income Approach Discount to Appraised Values 10-20% Impaired Loans $4,944,136 Market or Income Approach Discount to Appraised Values 10-20% Real Estate Held for Sale $328,996 Market or Income Approach Discount to Appraised Values 10-20% December 31, 2020 Bond Portfolio $4,650,372 Market or Income Approach Discount to Appraised Values 10-20% Impaired Loans $5,004,424 Market or Income Approach Discount to Appraised Values 10-20% Real Estate Held for Sale $428,996 Market or Income Approach Discount to Appraised Values 10-20% The carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows: March 31, 2021 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Carrying Value at March 31, 2021 Cash and equivalents $ 190,937 $ $ $ 190,937 Accounts receivable 97,572 97,572 Interest receivable 225,959 225,959 Mortgage loans receivable 15,485,422 15,485,422 Bond portfolio 18,040,429 18,040,429 Line of credit 1,243,000 1,243,000 Secured investor certificates 23,885,500 23,885,500 December 31, 2020 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Carrying Value Cash and equivalents $ 87,702 $ $ $ 87,702 Accounts receivable 101,532 101,532 Interest receivable 242,019 242,019 Mortgage loans receivable 16,605,967 16,605,967 Bond portfolio 18,100,711 18,100,711 Line of credit 2,288,000 2,288,000 Secured investor certificates 23,916,500 23,916,500 Limitations The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between market participants, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company's various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. Consequently, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company's entire holdings of a particular instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company's financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters that could affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on balance-sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business. |