3. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT | 3. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT Some assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis under GAAP. The Company has no such assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Other assets and liabilities may be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Below is a description of the valuation methodology and significant inputs used for each asset and liability measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, as well as the classification of the asset or liability within the fair value hierarchy. Bonds held to maturity Securities held to maturity are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, securities deemed other-than-temporarily impaired are measured at fair value. The fair value measurement of such securities is based on various assumptions market participants would use to value the securities, such as current interest rates, estimated credit and liquidity spreads, conditional default and loss severity rates, and available credit support. Since some of these assumptions are unobservable in the current market environment, the fair value measurement of other-than-temporarily impaired securities held to maturity is considered a Level 3 measurement. Loans Loans are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, loans considered to be impaired may be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The fair value measurement of an impaired loan that is collateral dependent is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. Independent appraisals are obtained that utilize one or more valuation methodologies - typically they will incorporate a comparable sales approach and an income approach. Management routinely evaluates the fair value measurements of independent appraisers and adjusts those valuations based on differences noted between actual selling prices of collateral and the most recent appraised value. Such adjustments are usually significant, which results in a Level 3 classification. All other impaired loan measurements are based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the applicable effective interest rate. Real estate held for sale Real estate and other property acquired through or in lieu of loan foreclosure are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, foreclosed assets are initially measured at fair value (less estimated costs to sell) when they are acquired and may also be measured at fair value (less estimated costs to sell) if they become subsequently impaired. The fair value measurement for each asset may be obtained from an independent appraiser or prepared internally. Fair value measurements obtained from independent appraisers generally utilize a market approach based on sales of comparable assets and/or an income approach. Such measurements are usually considered Level 2 measurements. However, management routinely evaluates fair value measurements of independent appraisers by comparing actual selling prices to the most recent appraisals. If management determines significant adjustments should be made to the independent appraisals based on these evaluations, these measurements are considered Level 3 AMERICAN CHURCH MORTGAGE COMPANY Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements March 31, 2022 measurements. Fair value measurements prepared internally are based on management's comparisons to sales of comparable assets, but include significant unobservable data and are therefore considered Level 3 measurements. Information regarding the F air Value of Assets and Liabilities measured at fair value Nonrecurring Fair Value at March 31, 2022 Assets: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Total Bond portfolio $ — $ — $ 6,982,357 $ 6,982,357 Impaired loans $ — $ — $ 4,296,093 $ 4,296,093 Real estate held for sale $ — $ — $ 328,996 $ 328,996 Nonrecurring Fair Value at December 31, 2021 Assets: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Total Bond portfolio $ — $ — $ 7,142,094 $ 7,142,094 Impaired loans $ — $ — $ 4,496,970 $ 4,496,970 Real estate held for sale $ — $ — $ 328,996 $ 328,996 As of March 31, 2022, bonds held to maturity with a carrying value of $ 8,897,598 6,915,241 1,982,357 8,897,598 7,142,094 1,755,094 As of March 31, 2022, loans with a carrying amount of $ 5,578,666 4,296,093 1,282,573 5,983,404 4,496,970 1,486,434 AMERICAN CHURCH MORTGAGE COMPANY Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements March 31, 2022 Real estate held for sale is recognized at fair value, less costs to sell. Impairment charges of $0 and $100,000 were recognized in earnings for the periods ended March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The following presents quantitative information about nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements Fair Value Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs(s) Range/Weighted March 31, 2022 Bond Portfolio $6,982,357 Market or Income Approach Discount to Appraised Values 10-50% Impaired Loans $4,296,093 Market or Income Approach Discount to Appraised Values 10-100% Real Estate Held for Sale $328,996 Market or Income Approach Discount to Appraised Values 10-20% December 31, 2021 Bond Portfolio $7,142,094 Market or Income Approach Discount to Appraised Values 10-20% Impaired Loans $4,496,970 Market or Income Approach Discount to Appraised Values 10-100% Real Estate Held for Sale $328,996 Market or Income Approach Discount to Appraised Values 10-20% The estimated fair values and carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments March 31, 2022 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Carrying Value at March 31, 2022 Cash and equivalents $ 996,747 $ — $ — $ 114,798 Accounts receivable 81,155 — — 79,887 Interest receivable 95,349 — — 89,280 Mortgage loans receivable — — 13,478,975 13,478,975 Bond portfolio — — 14,982,126 14,982,126 Line of credit — — — — Secured investor certificates — 21,976,500 — 21,976,500 December 31, 2021 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Carrying Value Cash and equivalents $ 114,798 $ — $ — $ 114,798 Accounts receivable 79,887 — — 79,887 Interest receivable 89,280 — — 89,280 Mortgage loans receivable — — 13,744,525 13,744,525 Bond portfolio — — 16,337,978 16,337,978 Line of credit 300,000 — — 300,000 Secured investor certificates — 22,278,500 — 22,278,500 AMERICAN CHURCH MORTGAGE COMPANY Notes to Unaudited Financial Statements March 31, 2022 Limitations The fair value of a financial instrument is the current amount that would be exchanged between market participants, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company's various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. Consequently, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company's entire holdings of a particular instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company's financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters that could affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing balance-sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business. |