UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2010
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-13664
THE PMI GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| | |
Delaware | | 94-3199675 |
(State of Incorporation) | | (IRS Employer Identification No.) |
| | |
3003 Oak Road, | | |
Walnut Creek, California | | 94597 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip Code) |
(925) 658-7878
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ¨ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer” and “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated filer | | ¨ | | Accelerated filer | | x |
| | | |
Non-accelerated filer | | ¨ | | Smaller Reporting Company | | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registration is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
| | | | | | |
Class of Stock | | Par Value | | Date | | Number of Shares |
Common Stock | | $0.01 | | July 30, 2010 | | 161,161,172 |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. | INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES |
THE PMI GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) | |
REVENUES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | $ | 149,651 | | | $ | 181,600 | | | $ | 311,216 | | | $ | 369,694 | |
Net investment income | | | 23,861 | | | | 29,116 | | | | 50,549 | | | | 63,721 | |
Net realized investment gains | | | 397 | | | | 23,392 | | | | 7,830 | | | | 17,341 | |
Change in fair value of certain debt instruments | | | (47,687 | ) | | | (39,079 | ) | | | (88,500 | ) | | | (20,603 | ) |
Other income | | | 2,684 | | | | 7,134 | | | | 4,408 | | | | 17,074 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 128,906 | | | | 202,163 | | | | 285,503 | | | | 447,227 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
LOSSES AND EXPENSES | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Losses and loss adjustment expenses | | | 320,489 | | | | 480,841 | | | | 671,314 | | | | 863,788 | |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | | | 4,163 | | | | 3,753 | | | | 8,039 | | | | 7,098 | |
Other underwriting and operating expenses | | | 27,907 | | | | 39,752 | | | | 61,766 | | | | 79,773 | |
Interest expense | | | 12,247 | | | | 11,731 | | | | 21,770 | | | | 23,583 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total losses and expenses | | | 364,806 | | | | 536,077 | | | | 762,889 | | | | 974,242 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss before equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries and income taxes | | | (235,900 | ) | | | (333,914 | ) | | | (477,386 | ) | | | (527,015 | ) |
Equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries | | | (3,917 | ) | | | (1,392 | ) | | | (8,327 | ) | | | (3,838 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes | | | (239,817 | ) | | | (335,306 | ) | | | (485,713 | ) | | | (530,853 | ) |
Income tax benefit from continuing operations | | | (89,257 | ) | | | (112,679 | ) | | | (178,166 | ) | | | (192,965 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss from continuing operations | | | (150,560 | ) | | | (222,627 | ) | | | (307,547 | ) | | | (337,888 | ) |
| | | | |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | | | — | | | | 7 | | | | — | | | | (23 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NET LOSS | | $ | (150,560 | ) | | $ | (222,620 | ) | | $ | (307,547 | ) | | $ | (337,911 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
PER SHARE DATA | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic loss from continuing operations | | $ | (1.11 | ) | | $ | (2.71 | ) | | $ | (2.81 | ) | | $ | (4.12 | ) |
Basic income from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic net loss | | $ | (1.11 | ) | | $ | (2.71 | ) | | $ | (2.81 | ) | | $ | (4.12 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted loss from continuing operations | | $ | (1.11 | ) | | $ | (2.71 | ) | | $ | (2.81 | ) | | $ | (4.12 | ) |
Diluted income from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted net loss | | $ | (1.11 | ) | | $ | (2.71 | ) | | $ | (2.81 | ) | | $ | (4.12 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
3
THE PMI GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2010 | | | December 31, 2009 | |
| | (Unaudited) | | | (Audited) | |
| | (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | |
Investments - available-for-sale, at fair value: | | | | | | | | |
Fixed income securities | | $ | 2,185,119 | | | $ | 2,355,188 | |
Equity securities: | | | | | | | | |
Common | | | 28,877 | | | | 29,090 | |
Preferred | | | 163,823 | | | | 186,023 | |
Short-term investments | | | 1,140 | | | | 2,232 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total investments | | | 2,378,959 | | | | 2,572,533 | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 1,021,841 | | | | 686,891 | |
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries | | | 132,670 | | | | 139,775 | |
Related party receivables | | | 1,346 | | | | 1,254 | |
Accrued investment income | | | 28,220 | | | | 35,028 | |
Premiums receivable | | | 53,406 | | | | 56,426 | |
Reinsurance receivables and prepaid premiums | | | 85,935 | | | | 52,444 | |
Reinsurance recoverables | | | 613,646 | | | | 703,550 | |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | | | 44,519 | | | | 41,289 | |
Property, equipment and software, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization | | | 93,050 | | | | 101,893 | |
Prepaid and recoverable income taxes | | | 48,902 | | | | 50,250 | |
Deferred income tax assets | | | 282,768 | | | | 178,623 | |
Other receivables | | | 121,118 | | | | 88 | |
Other assets | | | 26,729 | | | | 21,473 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 4,933,109 | | | $ | 4,641,517 | |
| | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES | | | | | | | | |
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses | | $ | 3,112,942 | | | $ | 3,253,820 | |
Unearned premiums | | | 63,508 | | | | 72,089 | |
Debt (includes $302,148 and $213,648 measured at fair value at June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009) | | | 588,043 | | | | 389,991 | |
Reinsurance payables | | | 32,943 | | | | 36,349 | |
Related party payables | | | 1,902 | | | | 1,865 | |
Other liabilities and accrued expenses | | | 179,481 | | | | 160,316 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 3,978,819 | | | | 3,914,430 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 7 and 9) | | | | | | | | |
| | |
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock - $0.01 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding | | | — | | | | — | |
Common stock - $0.01 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized; 197,078,767 shares issued; 160,775,604 and 82,580,410 shares outstanding | | | 1,971 | | | | 1,193 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 1,381,730 | | | | 873,010 | |
Treasury stock, at cost (36,303,163 and 36,733,357 shares) | | | (1,305,873 | ) | | | (1,317,252 | ) |
Retained earnings | | | 797,182 | | | | 1,104,728 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of deferred taxes | | | 79,280 | | | | 65,408 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | 954,290 | | | | 727,087 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 4,933,109 | | | $ | 4,641,517 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
4
THE PMI GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | | | (Dollars in thousands) | |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (307,547 | ) | | $ | (337,911 | ) |
Less loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes | | | — | | | | 23 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries | | | 8,327 | | | | 3,838 | |
Net realized investment gains | | | (7,958 | ) | | | (18,502 | ) |
Change in fair value of certain debt instruments | | | 88,500 | | | | 20,603 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 16,732 | | | | 15,951 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | (136,108 | ) | | | (71,828 | ) |
Compensation expense related to share-based payments | | | 1,536 | | | | 2,253 | |
Deferred policy acquisition costs incurred and deferred | | | (11,269 | ) | | | (13,035 | ) |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | | | 8,039 | | | | 7,098 | |
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance cost | | | 1,191 | | | | — | |
Changes in: | | | | | | | | |
Accrued investment income | | | 6,515 | | | | 3,525 | |
Premiums receivable | | | 2,581 | | | | 639 | |
Reinsurance receivables, and prepaid premiums net of reinsurance payables | | | (36,897 | ) | | | (6,264 | ) |
Reinsurance recoverables | | | 89,904 | | | | (119,640 | ) |
Prepaid and recoverable income taxes | | | 1,349 | | | | (11,605 | ) |
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses | | | (135,402 | ) | | | 527,422 | |
Unearned premiums | | | (7,346 | ) | | | (15,919 | ) |
Related party receivables, net of payables | | | 14,212 | | | | 12 | |
Liability for pension benefit | | | 10,784 | | | | (44,960 | ) |
Other receivables | | | (121,030 | ) | | | (11,171 | ) |
Other | | | (3,971 | ) | | | 13,732 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations | | | (517,858 | ) | | | (55,739 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from sales and maturities of fixed income securities | | | 514,508 | | | | 389,589 | |
Proceeds from sales of equity securities | | | 25,101 | | | | 63,342 | |
Investment purchases: | | Fixed income securities | | | (329,863 | ) | | | (511,320 | ) |
| | Equity securities | | | (4,243 | ) | | | (27,585 | ) |
Net change in short-term investments | | | 1,088 | | | | (19 | ) |
Distributions from unconsolidated subsidiaries, net of investments | | | (45 | ) | | | (92 | ) |
Capital expenditures and capitalized software, net of dispositions | | | (1,277 | ) | | | (2,014 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from continuing operations | | | 205,269 | | | | (88,099 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes, net of issuance costs of $8,500 | | | 276,450 | | | | — | |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | | | 455,149 | | | | — | |
Payment of stock offering issuance costs | | | (1,965 | ) | | | — | |
Payment of debt issuance costs | | | (442 | ) | | | — | |
Payments on credit facility | | | (75,000 | ) | | | (75,250 | ) |
Proceeds from issuance of treasury stock | | | 275 | | | | 339 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities from continuing operations | | | 654,467 | | | | (74,911 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
CASH FLOWS FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS: | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in operating activities from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | (23 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in discontinued operations | | | — | | | | (23 | ) |
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents from continuing operations | | | (6,928 | ) | | | 430 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 334,950 | | | | (218,342 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period | | | 686,891 | | | | 1,483,313 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations at end of period | | $ | 1,021,841 | | | $ | 1,264,971 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURES: | | | | | | | | |
Cash paid during the year: | | | | | | | | |
Interest paid, net of capitalization | | $ | 17,066 | | | $ | 22,050 | |
Income taxes paid, net of refunds | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 5,743 | |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
5
THE PMI GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The PMI Group, Inc. (“The PMI Group” or “TPG”), a Delaware corporation and its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, including: PMI Mortgage Insurance Co. (“MIC”), an Arizona corporation, and its affiliated U.S. mortgage insurance and reinsurance companies (collectively “PMI”); PMI Mortgage Insurance Company Limited and its holding company, PMI Europe Holdings Limited, the Irish insurance companies (collectively “PMI Europe”); PMI Mortgage Insurance Company Canada and its holding company, PMI Mortgage Insurance Holdings Canada Inc. (collectively “PMI Canada”); and other insurance, reinsurance and non-insurance subsidiaries. The PMI Group and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the “Company.” All material inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.
The Company has equity ownership interests in CMG Mortgage Insurance Company and CMG Mortgage Assurance Company (collectively “CMG MI”), which conduct residential mortgage insurance business for credit unions. In the third quarter of 2009, MIC and CUNA Mutual Insurance Society contributed the stock of CMG Mortgage Reinsurance Company, which provides reinsurance to residential mortgage insurers, to CMG Mortgage Assurance Company. The Company also had an approximately 42.0% equity ownership interest in FGIC Corporation, the holding company of Financial Guaranty Insurance Company (collectively “FGIC”), a New York-domiciled financial guaranty insurance company. The Company impaired its investment in FGIC in the first quarter of 2008 and reduced the carrying value of the investment to zero. The Company also has ownership interests in several limited partnerships. In addition, the Company owns 100% of PMI Capital I (“Issuer Trust”), an unconsolidated wholly-owned trust that privately issued debt in 1997. In the fourth quarter of 2009, the Company sold its equity ownership interest in RAM Holdings Ltd., the holding company of RAM Reinsurance Company, Ltd. (collectively “RAM Re”), a financial guaranty reinsurance company based in Bermuda.
Impact of Current Economic Environment
High unemployment rates and ongoing weakness in U.S. residential mortgage and housing markets continue to negatively affect the Company’s results of operations and overall financial condition. The Company’s consolidated net loss was $150.6 million and $307.5 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2010, respectively, compared to a net loss of $222.6 million and $337.9 million for the corresponding periods in 2009.
The Company continues to focus on its core U.S mortgage insurance business under difficult market conditions. In the second quarter of 2010, the Company completed the concurrent public offerings of additional shares of its common stock and convertible notes for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $732 million. The PMI Group contributed $610 million of the proceeds from the offerings to MIC in the form of a capital contribution and surplus notes issued by MIC to The PMI Group. The contributions caused MIC’s policyholders’ position and risk to capital ratio to comply with regulatory capital adequacy requirements. However, there can be no assurance that MIC’s policyholders’ position will not decline below, and the risk to capital ratio will not increase above, levels necessary to meet regulatory capital adequacy requirements.
MIC’s principal regulator is the Arizona Department of Insurance (the “Department”). On February 10, 2010, MIC received a letter from the Department waiving, until December 31, 2011, the requirement that MIC maintain the Arizona required minimum policyholders’ position to write new business. On May 24, 2010, PMI received a letter from the Department withdrawing this waiver, effective May 24, 2010. In its May 24, 2010 letter, the Department noted that MIC had recently received a capital contribution from the Company and had issued surplus notes to the Company in the amounts of $325 million and $285 million, respectively, and that these transactions increased the capital and surplus of PMI by a total of $610 million.
6
In response to difficult economic and industry conditions and in order to preserve capital, the Company made changes to PMI’s underwriting guidelines and customer management strategies in 2008 and 2009, which had the effect of limiting PMI’s new business writings in 2009 and the first half of 2010. The Company is undertaking efforts to increase insurance writings from present levels. However, the Company expects a variety of factors to continue to impact its new business writings in 2010. Such factors include, among others, capital preservation initiatives, customer management strategies, and pricing and underwriting guideline changes adopted prior to 2010. Additionally, mortgage and private mortgage insurance market conditions, including a smaller mortgage origination market and significant growth in demand for mortgage insurance from the Federal Housing Authority (“FHA”), have negatively impacted the private mortgage insurance industry as a whole. The Company believes there is currently sufficient liquidity at the holding company to pay holding company expenses (including interest expense on its outstanding debt) through 2011 and there are sufficient assets at the insurance company level for PMI to meet its obligations through 2011.
NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation for the periods presented have been included.
Significant accounting policies are as follows:
Investments— The Company has designated its entire portfolio of fixed income and equity securities as available-for-sale. These securities are predominantly recorded at fair value based on quoted market prices with unrealized gains and losses, net of deferred income taxes, accounted for as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity. The Company’s short-term investments have maturities of greater than three and less than 12 months when purchased and are carried at fair value. The Company evaluates its portfolio of equity securities regularly to determine whether there are declines in value and whether such declines meet the definition of other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 320Investments-Debt and Equity Securities (“Topic 320”), previously SFAS No. 115, Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 59,Accounting for Noncurrent Marketable Equity Securities, and FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) Financial Accounting Standards (“FAS”) No. 115-2. When the Company determines that an equity security has suffered an OTTI, the impairment loss is recognized as a realized investment loss in the consolidated statement of operations.
The Company recognizes OTTI for debt securities classified as available for sale in accordance with Topic 320. The Company assesses whether it intends to sell or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell a security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period credit losses. For debt securities that are considered other-than-temporarily impaired and that the Company does not intend to sell and will not be required to sell prior to recovery of its amortized cost basis, the Company separates the amount of the impairment into the amount that is credit-related (referred to as the credit loss component) and the amount due to all other factors. The credit loss component is recognized in net income and is the difference between the security’s amortized cost basis and the present value of its expected future cash flows. The remaining difference between the security’s fair value and the present value of future expected cash flows is due to factors that are not credit-related and is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). For debt securities that are intended to be sold, or that management believes are more likely than not to be required to be sold prior to recovery, the full impairment is recognized immediately in earnings.
7
Realized gains and losses on sales of investments are determined on a specific-identification basis. Investment income consists primarily of interest and dividends. Interest income and preferred stock dividends are recognized on an accrual basis. Dividend income on common stock investments is recognized on the date of declaration. Net investment income represents interest and dividend income, net of investment expenses.
Cash and Cash Equivalents— The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Investments in Unconsolidated Subsidiaries— Investments in the Company’s unconsolidated subsidiaries include both equity investees and other unconsolidated subsidiaries. Investments in equity investees with ownership interests of 20-50% are generally accounted for using the equity method of accounting, and investments of less than 20% ownership interest are generally accounted for using the cost method of accounting if the Company does not have significant influence over the entity. Limited partnerships with ownership interests greater than 3% but less than 50% are primarily accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The carrying value of the investments in the Company’s unconsolidated subsidiaries also includes the Company’s share of net unrealized gains and losses in the unconsolidated subsidiaries’ investment portfolios.
Periodically, or as events dictate, the Company evaluates potential impairment of its investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries. FASB ASC Topic 323Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures(“Topic 323”), previously APB No. 18, provides criteria for determining potential impairment. In the event a loss in value of an investment is determined to be an other-than-temporary decline, an impairment charge would be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations. Evidence of a loss in value that could indicate impairment might include, but would not necessarily be limited to, the absence of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or the inability of the investee to sustain an earnings capacity which would justify the carrying amount of the investment. Realized capital gains or losses resulting from the sale of the Company’s ownership interests of unconsolidated subsidiaries are recognized as net realized investment gains or losses in the consolidated statement of operations.
The Company reports the equity in earnings (losses) from CMG MI and FGIC on a current month basis and the Company’s interest in limited partnerships are reported on a one-quarter lag basis. Due to the impairment of the Company’s investment in FGIC in 2008, the carrying value of the Company’s investments in FGIC was reduced to and has remained at zero.
Related Party Receivables and Payables— As of June 30, 2010, related party receivables were $1.3 million and related party payables were $1.9 million compared to $1.3 million and $1.9 million as of December 31, 2009, respectively, which were comprised of non-trade receivables and payables from unconsolidated subsidiaries.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs— The Company defers certain costs of its mortgage insurance operations relating to the acquisition of new insurance and amortizes these costs against related premium revenue in order to match costs and revenues. To the extent the Company provided contract underwriting services on loans that did not require mortgage insurance, associated underwriting costs were not deferred. Costs related to the acquisition of mortgage insurance business are initially deferred and reported as deferred policy acquisition costs. Consistent with industry accounting practice, amortization of these costs for each underwriting year book of business is charged against revenue in proportion to estimated gross profits. Estimated gross profits are comprised of earned premiums, interest income, losses and loss adjustment expenses. The deferred costs are adjusted as appropriate for policy cancellations to be consistent with the Company’s revenue recognition policy. For each underwriting year, the Company estimates the rate of amortization to reflect actual experience and any changes to persistency or loss development. Deferred policy acquisition costs are reviewed periodically to determine that they do not exceed recoverable amounts, after considering investment income.
Property, Equipment and Software— Property and equipment, including software, are carried at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from three to
8
thirty nine years. Leasehold improvements are recorded at cost and amortized over the lesser of the useful life of the assets or the remaining term of the related lease. The Company’s accumulated depreciation and amortization from continuing operations was $199.1 million and $189.0 million as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively.
The Company capitalizes costs incurred during the application development stage related to software developed for internal use and for which it has no substantive plan to market externally in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, previously SOP No. 98-1. Capitalized costs are amortized at such time as the software is ready for its intended use on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset, which is generally three to seven years.
Convertible Notes— In the second quarter of 2010, the Company issued 4.50% Convertible Senior Notes (“Convertible Notes”) due April 15, 2020, in a public offering for an aggregate principal amount of $285 million. The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.5% per year. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, beginning October 15, 2010. The Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated. Prior to January 15, 2020, the Convertible Notes are convertible only under certain circumstances. The initial conversion rate is 127.5307 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $7.84 per share. Upon conversion, the Company may deliver cash, shares of Common Stock or a combination thereof, at its option. The Company evaluated the accounting treatment for the Convertible Notes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 470-20Debt with Conversion and Other Options, previously APB No. 14-1 to determine if the instruments should be accounted for as debt, equity, or a combination of both. As the Convertible Notes are debt with a conversion option, the Company bifurcated the net proceeds between liability and equity components. A fair value was calculated for the debt component and the equity component is recorded net of that value.
Derivatives— Certain credit default swap contracts entered into by PMI Europe are considered credit derivative contracts under FASB ASC Topic 815Derivatives and Hedging(“Topic 815”), previously SFAS No. 133 and SFAS No. 149. These credit default swap derivatives are recorded at their fair value on the consolidated balance sheet with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in consolidated net income or loss. The Company determines the fair values of its credit default swaps on a quarterly basis and uses internally developed models since observable market quotes are not regularly available. These models include future estimated claim payments and market input assumptions, including discount rates and market spreads to calculate a fair value and reflect management’s best judgment about current market conditions. Due to the illiquid nature of the credit default swap market, the use of available market data and assumptions used by management to estimate fair value could differ materially from amounts that would be realized in the market if the derivatives were traded. Due to the volatile nature of the credit market as well as the imprecision inherent in the Company’s fair value estimate, future valuations could differ materially from those reflected in the current period.
Special Purpose Entities— Certain insurance transactions entered into by PMI and PMI Europe require the use of foreign wholly-owned special purpose entities principally for regulatory purposes. These special purpose entities are consolidated in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Premium Deficiency Reserve— The Company performs an analysis for premium deficiency using assumptions based on management’s best estimate when the assessment is performed. The calculation for premium deficiency requires significant judgment and includes estimates of future expected premiums, expected claims, loss adjustment expenses and maintenance costs as of the date of the analysis. The calculation of future expected premiums uses assumptions for persistency and termination levels on policies currently in force. Assumptions for future expected losses include future expected average claim sizes and claim rates which are based on the current default rate and expected future defaults. Investment income is also considered in the premium deficiency calculation. The Company performs premium deficiency analyses quarterly. The Company determined that there were premium deficiencies for PMI Europe and PMI Canada and recorded premium deficiency reserves in 2009 and 2010. As of June 30, 2010, the premium deficiency reserves were $0.8 million and $1.5 million for PMI Europe and PMI Canada, respectively. Premium deficiency reserves are included in
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reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses on the consolidated balance sheets and losses and loss adjustment expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company determined there was no premium deficiency in its U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations segment. To the extent premium levels and actual loss experience differ from the assumptions used, the results could be negatively affected in future periods.
Reserve for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses— The consolidated reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) for the Company’s U.S. Mortgage Insurance and International Operations are the estimated claim settlement costs on notices of default that have been received by the Company, as well as loan defaults that have been incurred but have not been reported by the lenders. For reporting and internal tracking purposes, the Company does not consider a loan to be in default until the borrower has missed two payments. Depending upon its scheduled payment date, a loan in default for two consecutive monthly payments could be reported to PMI between the 31st and the 60th day after the first missed payment due date. The Company’s U.S. mortgage insurance primary master policy defines “default” as the borrower’s failure to pay when due an amount equal to the scheduled periodic mortgage payment under the terms of the mortgage. Generally, however, the master policy requires an insured to notify PMI of a default no later than the last business day of the month following the month in which the borrower becomes three monthly payments in default. Consistent with industry accounting practices, the Company considers its mortgage insurance policies short-duration contracts and, accordingly, does not establish loss reserves for future claims on insured loans that are not currently in default. The Company establishes loss reserves when insured loans are identified as currently in default using estimated claim rates and claim amounts for each report year, net of recoverables. The Company also establishes loss reserves for defaults that it believes have been incurred but not yet reported to the Company prior to the close of an accounting period using estimated claim rates and claim amounts applied to the estimated number of defaults not reported.
The Company establishes loss reserves on a gross basis for losses and LAE for its deductible pool policies, which contain aggregate deductible and stop-loss limits, on a pool by pool basis. The gross reserves for each pool are based on reported delinquencies, claim rate and claim size assumptions which are determined based on the loan characteristics of the pool, delinquency trends and historical performance as well as expected economic conditions. After determining the gross loss reserve, deductible and stop-loss limits are applied to determine the net loss reserve.
The Company currently reinsures six financial guaranty contracts in PMI Europe and establishes reserves for losses and LAE for financial guaranty contracts on a case-by-case basis when specific insured obligations are in payment default or are likely to be in payment default. Financial guaranty contracts are recorded in accordance with the accounting guidance provided in Topic 944. These reserves represent an estimate of the present value of the anticipated shortfall between payments on insured obligations plus anticipated loss adjustment expenses and anticipated cash flows from, and proceeds to be received on sales of any collateral supporting the obligation and/or other anticipated recoveries. The discount rate used in calculating the net present value of estimated losses is based upon the risk-free rate for the duration of the anticipated shortfall.
Changes in loss reserves can materially affect the Company’s consolidated net income or loss. The process of estimating loss reserves requires the Company to forecast the interest rate, employment and housing market environments, which are highly uncertain. Therefore, the process requires significant management judgment and estimates. The use of different estimates would have resulted in the establishment of different reserves. In addition, changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period based on the economic conditions. The Company reviews the judgments made in its prior period estimation process and adjusts the current assumptions as appropriate. While the assumptions are based in part upon historical data, the loss provisioning process is complex and subjective and, therefore, the ultimate liability may vary significantly from the Company’s estimates.
Reinsurance— The Company uses reinsurance to reduce net risk in force and optimize capital allocation. Under a captive reinsurance agreement, the Company reinsures a portion of its risk written on loans originated by a certain lender with the captive reinsurance company affiliated with such lender. In return, a commensurate amount of the Company’s gross premiums received is ceded to the captive reinsurance company less, in some
10
instances, a ceding commission paid to us for underwriting and administering the business. To the extent the reinsurance agreements meet risk transfer requirements, ceded premiums are recorded in premiums earned and ceded losses are included in losses and loss adjustment expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Effective January 1, 2009, the Company ceased seeking reinsurance under excess of loss (“XOL”) captive reinsurance agreements.
Revenue Recognition— Mortgage guaranty insurance policies are contracts that are generally non-cancelable by the insurer, are renewable at a fixed price, and provide for payment of premiums on a monthly, annual or single basis. Upon renewal, the Company is not able to re-underwrite or re-price its policies. Consistent with industry accounting practices, premiums written on a monthly basis are earned as coverage is provided. Monthly premiums accounted for 92.8% and 90.1% of gross premiums written from the Company’s mortgage insurance operations in the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, compared to 88.4% and 86.8% in the corresponding periods of 2009. Premiums written on an annual basis are amortized on a monthly pro rata basis over the year of coverage. Primary mortgage insurance premiums written on policies covering more than one year are referred to as single premiums. A portion of the revenue from single premiums is recognized in premiums earned in the current period, and the remaining portion is deferred as unearned premiums and earned over the expected life of the policy, a range of seven to fifteen years for the majority of the single premium policies. If single premium policies related to insured loans are cancelled due to repayment by the borrower, and the premium is non-refundable, then the remaining unearned premium related to each cancelled policy is recognized as earned premiums upon notification of the cancellation. Unearned premiums represent the portion of premiums written that is applicable to the estimated unexpired risk of insured loans. Rates used to determine the earning of single premiums are estimates based on actuarial analysis of the expiration of risk.
Income Taxes— The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740Income Taxes(“Topic 740”), previously SFAS No. 109. The liability method measures the expected future tax effects of temporary differences at the enacted tax rates applicable for the period in which the deferred asset or liability is expected to be realized or settled. Temporary differences are differences between the tax basis of an asset or liability and its reported amount in the consolidated financial statements that will result in future increases or decreases in taxes owed on a cash basis compared to amounts already recognized as tax expense in the consolidated statement of operations.
The Company also evaluates the need for a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. Under Topic 740, if it is more likely than not that the Company will not be able to realize the benefit associated with its deferred tax assets, then a valuation allowance is established. In evaluating whether a deferred tax benefit would be realized, the Company assesses all available evidence both positive and negative and future sources of income such as tax planning strategies, reversing temporary differences and future income. As of June 30, 2010, a tax valuation allowance of $253.0 million was recorded against a $535.7 million deferred tax asset primarily related to FGIC losses in excess of the Company’s tax basis, foreign and California net operating losses and certain foreign tax credits. Additional valuation allowance benefits or charges could be recognized in the future due to changes in management’s expectations regarding realization of tax benefits. (See Note 13,Income Taxes, for further discussion.)
Benefit Plans— The Company provides pension benefits through noncontributory defined benefit plans to all eligible U.S. employees under The PMI Group, Inc. Retirement Plan (the “Retirement Plan”) and to certain employees of the Company under The PMI Group, Inc. Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan. In addition, the Company provides certain health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees under another post-employment benefit plan. The Company applies FASB ASC Topic 715Compensation-Retirement Benefits, previously SFAS No. 158 (“Topic 715”), for its treatment of U.S. employees’ pension benefits. This topic requires the Company to recognize the funded status (i.e., the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligations) of its defined benefit postretirement plans, with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income or loss.
Foreign Currency Translation— The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries have been translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 830,Foreign Currency Matters, previously
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SFAS No. 52. Assets and liabilities denominated in non-U.S. dollar functional currencies are translated using the period-end spot exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are translated at monthly-average exchange rates. The effects of translating financial results with a functional currency other than the reporting currency are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) included in total shareholders’ equity. Foreign currency translation gains in accumulated other comprehensive income before tax were $40.0 million as of June 30, 2010 compared with $50.1 million as of December 31, 2009. Gains and losses from foreign currency re-measurement for PMI Europe and PMI Canada are reflected in income and represent the revaluation of assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies into the functional currency, the Euro and Canadian dollar, respectively.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)— Comprehensive income (loss) includes the net loss, the change in foreign currency translation gains or losses, pension adjustments, changes in unrealized gains and losses on investments, accretion of cash flow hedges and reclassifications of realized gains and losses previously reported in comprehensive income (loss), net of related tax effects.
Business Segments— The Company’s reportable operating segments are U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations, International Operations and Corporate and Other. U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations includes the results of operations of MIC., PMI Mortgage Assurance Co. (“PMAC”), formerly Commercial Loan Insurance Co., PMI Insurance Co., affiliated U.S. insurance and reinsurance companies and the equity in earnings from CMG MI. International Operations includes the results from continuing operations of PMI Europe and PMI Canada, and the results from discontinued operations of PMI Australia and PMI Asia. Effective December 31, 2009 the Company combined its former “Corporate and Other” and “Financial Guaranty” segments into a “Corporate and Other” segment for all periods presented. The Corporate and Other segment includes other income and related operating expenses of PMI Mortgage Services Co., change in fair value of certain debt instruments, interest expense, intercompany eliminations and corporate expenses of the Company; equity in earnings (losses) from certain limited partnerships and its equity investment in FGIC Corporation and its former investment in RAM Re.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share— Basic earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) excludes dilution and is based on consolidated net income (loss) available to common shareholders giving effect to discontinued operations and the actual weighted-average common shares that are outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is based on consolidated net income (loss) available to common shareholders giving effect to discontinued operations, adjusted for the effects of dilutive securities, and the weighted-average dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. The weighted-average dilutive common shares reflect the potential increase of common shares if contracts to issue common shares, including stock options issued by the Company that have a dilutive impact, were exercised, or if outstanding securities were converted into common shares. As a result of the Company’s net losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, 8.9 million and 8.6 million share equivalents issued under the Company’s share-based compensation plans in the respective periods were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive. In addition, additional shares are considered for dilutive EPS purposes related to the Convertible Notes. The method of determining which method to use for calculating dilutive EPS for the Convertible Notes depends on the facts and circumstances of the Company’s liquidity position. No share equivalents were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share under the Treasury Stock method and 36.3 million shares were excluded under the If Converted method for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.
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The following table presents for the periods indicated a reconciliation of the weighted average common shares used to calculate basic EPS to the weighted-average common shares used to calculate diluted EPS from continuing and discontinued operations:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars and shares in thousands) | |
Net loss : | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss from continuing operations as reported | | $ | (150,560 | ) | | $ | (222,627 | ) | | $ | (307,547 | ) | | $ | (337,888 | ) |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | 7 | | | | — | | | | (23 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss adjusted for diluted EPS calculation | | $ | (150,560 | ) | | $ | (222,620 | ) | | $ | (307,547 | ) | | $ | (337,911 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS | | | 135,993 | | | | 82,238 | | | | 109,532 | | | | 82,067 | |
Weighted-average stock options and other dilutive components | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS | | | 135,993 | | | | 82,238 | | | | 109,532 | | | | 82,067 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic EPS from continuing operations | | $ | (1.11 | ) | | $ | (2.71 | ) | | $ | (2.81 | ) | | $ | (4.12 | ) |
Basic EPS from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic EPS | | $ | (1.11 | ) | | $ | (2.71 | ) | | $ | (2.81 | ) | | $ | (4.12 | ) |
Dilutive EPS from continuing operations | | $ | (1.11 | ) | | $ | (2.71 | ) | | $ | (2.81 | ) | | $ | (4.12 | ) |
Dilutive EPS from discontinued operations | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dilutive EPS | | $ | (1.11 | ) | | $ | (2.71 | ) | | $ | (2.81 | ) | | $ | (4.12 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividends declared and accrued to common shareholders | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Share-Based Compensation— The Company applies FASB ASC Topic 718Compensation-Stock Compensation(“Topic 718”), previously SFAS No. 123R, in accounting for share-based payments. This topic requires share based payments such as stock options, restricted stock units and employee stock purchase plan shares to be accounted for using a fair value-based method and recognized as compensation expense in the consolidated results of operations. Share-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 was $0.8 million (pre-tax) and $1.9 million (pre-tax), respectively, compared to $1.3 million (pre-tax) and $3.0 million (pre-tax) for the corresponding periods in 2009.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments– Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted FASB ASC Topic 820Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures(“Topic 820”), previously SFAS No. 157. This topic describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, of which “Level 3” inputs include fair value determinations using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. Due to the lack of available market values for the Company’s credit default swap contracts, the Company’s methodology for determining the fair value of its credit default swap contracts is based on “Level 3” inputs. (See Note 3.New Accounting Standardsand Note 8.Fair Value Disclosures, for further discussion.) Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted Topic 820 and the fair value option outlined in FASB ASC Topic 825Financial Instruments(“Topic 825”), previously SFAS No. 159. Topic 820 provides a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP. The fair value option allows an entity the irrevocable option to elect fair value for the initial and subsequent measurement of certain financial assets and liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis. The Company elected to adopt the fair value option for certain corporate debt on the adoption date. The fair value option requires that the difference between the carrying value before election of the fair value option and the fair value of these instruments be recorded as an adjustment to beginning retained earnings in the period of adoption. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, the Company’s net loss included a $47.7 million and $88.5 million loss, respectively, related to the subsequent measurement of fair value for these debt instruments compared to a $39.1 million and $20.6 million loss for the corresponding periods in 2009. The Company elected the fair value option for its 10 year and 30 year senior debt instruments as their market values are the most readily available.
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The fair value option was elected with respect to the senior debt as changes in value are expected to generally offset changes in the value of credit default swap contracts that are also accounted for at fair value. In considering the initial adoption of the fair value option presented by ASC Topic 825, the Company determined that the change in fair value of the 8.309% Junior Subordinated Debentures would not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial results. Therefore, the Company did not elect to adopt the fair value option for the 8.309% Junior Subordinated Debentures. As the fair value option is not available for financial instruments that are, in whole or in part, classified as a component of shareholders equity, the Convertible Notes are not remeasured at fair value.
Reclassifications—Certain items in the prior years’ consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current years’ consolidated financial statement presentation.
NOTE 3. NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Recently Adopted Standards
In January 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2010-06,Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820): Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements(“ASU No. 2010-06”) that requires additional disclosures about fair value measurements. ASU No. 2010-06 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009 and has not significantly impacted the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 4. INVESTMENTS
Fair Values and Gross Unrealized Gains and Losses on Investments— The cost or amortized cost, estimated fair value and gross unrealized gains and losses on investments as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 are shown in the tables below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Cost or Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized | | | Fair Value |
| | | Gains | | (Losses) | | |
| | | | (Dollars in thousands) | | | |
As of June 30, 2010 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed income securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Municipal bonds | | $ | 1,553,546 | | $ | 45,670 | | $ | (7,353 | ) | | $ | 1,591,863 |
Foreign governments | | | 34,072 | | | 1,269 | | | — | | | | 35,341 |
Corporate bonds | | | 265,007 | | | 10,277 | | | (307 | ) | | | 274,977 |
FDIC corporate bonds | | | 141,003 | | | 4,429 | | | (239 | ) | | | 145,193 |
U.S. governments and agencies | | | 75,700 | | | 3,259 | | | — | | | | 78,959 |
Asset-backed securities | | | 54,097 | | | 274 | | | (29 | ) | | | 54,342 |
Mortgage-backed securities | | | 4,988 | | | 357 | | | (901 | ) | | | 4,444 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total fixed income securities | | | 2,128,413 | | | 65,535 | | | (8,829 | ) | | | 2,185,119 |
Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common stocks | | | 31,269 | | | 53 | | | (2,445 | ) | | | 28,877 |
Preferred stocks | | | 144,513 | | | 22,647 | | | (3,337 | ) | | | 163,823 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total equity securities | | | 175,782 | | | 22,700 | | | (5,782 | ) | | | 192,700 |
Short-term investments | | | 1,137 | | | 3 | | | — | | | | 1,140 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investments | | $ | 2,305,332 | | $ | 88,238 | | $ | (14,611 | ) | | $ | 2,378,959 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Cost or Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized | | | Fair Value |
| | | Gains | | (Losses) | | |
| | | | (Dollars in thousands) | | | |
As of December 31, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed income securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Municipal bonds | | $ | 2,044,600 | | $ | 36,744 | | $ | (15,949 | ) | | $ | 2,065,395 |
Foreign governments | | | 47,023 | | | 145 | | | (1,135 | ) | | | 46,033 |
Corporate bonds | | | 87,832 | | | 1,933 | | | (2,305 | ) | | | 87,460 |
FDIC corporate bonds | | | 137,900 | | | 1,836 | | | (328 | ) | | | 139,408 |
U.S. governments and agencies | | | 10,616 | | | 524 | | | — | | | | 11,140 |
Mortgage-backed securities | | | 5,486 | | | 266 | | | — | | | | 5,752 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total fixed income securities | | | 2,333,457 | | | 41,448 | | | (19,717 | ) | | | 2,355,188 |
Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common stocks | | | 29,684 | | | — | | | (594 | ) | | | 29,090 |
Preferred stocks | | | 163,324 | | | 26,021 | | | (3,322 | ) | | | 186,023 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total equity securities | | | 193,008 | | | 26,021 | | | (3,916 | ) | | | 215,113 |
Short-term investments | | | 2,232 | | | — | | | — | | | | 2,232 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investments | | $ | 2,528,697 | | $ | 67,469 | | $ | (23,633 | ) | | $ | 2,572,533 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of June 30, 2010, the Company’s investment portfolio included 67 securities in an unrealized loss position compared to 129 securities as of December 31, 2009. At June 30, 2010, the Company had gross unrealized losses of $14.6 million on investment securities, including fixed maturity and equity securities that had a fair value of $2.4 billion. The improvement in unrealized losses on the fixed income portfolio from December 31, 2009 to June 30, 2010 was partially due to the disposition of certain municipal bonds and the improvement in the municipal bond market during the first half of 2010. Unrealized losses in our corporate bond portfolio are primarily due to foreign currency re-measurement from our International Operations segment. As of June 30, 2010, the total fair value of the agency mortgage backed securities portfolio was $4.4 million, with $2.4 million invested in residential mortgage backed securities and the remaining $2.0 million invested in commercial mortgage backed securities. In addition, included in the June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 gross unrealized losses are $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of non-credit related other-than-temporary impairments in accordance with Topic 320 on debt securities.
At June 30, 2010, the total preferred stock portfolio had a fair value of $163.8 million, with $36.1 million invested in public utility companies and the remaining $127.7 million invested in the financial services sector. The gross unrealized losses in the preferred stock portfolio as of June 30, 2010 did not materially change from December 31, 2009.
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Aging of Unrealized Losses— The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s investments, aggregated by investment category and the length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Less than 12 months | | | 12 months or more | | | Total | |
| | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
June 30, 2010 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed income securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Municipal bonds | | $ | 187,964 | | $ | (3,584 | ) | | $ | 53,272 | | $ | (3,769 | ) | | $ | 241,236 | | $ | (7,353 | ) |
Corporate bonds | | | 73,594 | | | (477 | ) | | | 2,205 | | | (69 | ) | | | 75,799 | | | (546 | ) |
Asset-backed securities | | | 12,214 | | | (29 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | | 12,214 | | | (29 | ) |
Mortgage backed securities | | | 283 | | | (901 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | | 283 | | | (901 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total fixed income securities | | | 274,055 | | | (4,991 | ) | | | 55,477 | | | (3,838 | ) | | | 329,532 | | | (8,829 | ) |
Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common stocks | | | 27,317 | | | (2,445 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | | 27,317 | | | (2,445 | ) |
Preferred stocks | | | 14,150 | | | (468 | ) | | | 47,340 | | | (2,869 | ) | | | 61,490 | | | (3,337 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total equity securities | | | 41,467 | | | (2,913 | ) | | | 47,340 | | | (2,869 | ) | | | 88,807 | | | (5,782 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 315,522 | | $ | (7,904 | ) | | $ | 102,817 | | $ | (6,707 | ) | | $ | 418,339 | | $ | (14,611 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | Less than 12 months | | | 12 months or more | | | Total | |
| | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
December 31, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed income securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Municipal bonds | | $ | 559,817 | | $ | (11,494 | ) | | $ | 62,032 | | $ | (4,455 | ) | | $ | 621,849 | | $ | (15,949 | ) |
Foreign governments | | | 7,270 | | | (237 | ) | | | 7,151 | | | (898 | ) | | | 14,421 | | | (1,135 | ) |
Corporate bonds | | | 41,041 | | | (1,709 | ) | | | 7,031 | | | (924 | ) | | | 48,072 | | | (2,633 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total fixed income securities | | | 608,128 | | | (13,440 | ) | | | 76,214 | | | (6,277 | ) | | | 684,342 | | | (19,717 | ) |
Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common stocks | | | 28,955 | | | (594 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | | 28,955 | | | (594 | ) |
Preferred stocks | | | — | | | — | | | | 54,706 | | | (3,322 | ) | | | 54,706 | | | (3,322 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total equity securities | | | 28,955 | | | (594 | ) | | | 54,706 | | | (3,322 | ) | | | 83,661 | | | (3,916 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 637,083 | | $ | (14,034 | ) | | $ | 130,920 | | $ | (9,599 | ) | | $ | 768,003 | | $ | (23,633 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Evaluating Investments for Other-than-Temporary-Impairment
The Company reviews all of its fixed income and equity security investments on a periodic basis for impairment. The Company specifically assesses all investments with declines in fair value and, in general, monitors all security investments as to ongoing risk.
The Company reviews on a quarterly basis, or as needed in the event of specific credit events, unrealized losses on all investments with declines in fair value. These investments are then tracked to establish whether they meet the Company’s established other than temporary impairment criteria. This process involves monitoring market events and other items that could impact issuers. The Company considers relevant facts and circumstances in evaluating whether the impairment of a security is other-than-temporary.
Relevant facts and circumstances considered include, but are not limited to:
| • | | a decline in the market value of a security below cost or amortized cost for a continuous period of at least six months; |
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| • | | the severity and nature of the decline in market value below cost regardless of the duration of the decline; |
| • | | recent credit downgrades of the applicable security or the issuer by the rating agencies; |
| • | | the financial condition of the applicable issuer; |
| • | | whether scheduled interest payments are past due; and |
| • | | whether it is more likely than not the Company will hold the security for a sufficient period of time to allow for anticipated recoveries in fair value. |
Once a security is determined to have met certain of the criteria for consideration as being other-than-temporarily impaired, further information is gathered and evaluated pertaining to the particular security. If the security is an unsecured obligation, the additional evaluation is a security specific approach with particular emphasis on the likelihood that the issuer will meet the contractual terms of the obligation.
The Company assesses equity securities using the criteria outlined above and also considers whether, in addition to these factors, it has the ability and intent to hold the equity securities for a period of time sufficient for recovery to cost or amortized cost. Where the Company lacks that ability or intent, the equity security’s decline in fair value is deemed to be other than temporary, and the Company records the full difference between fair value and cost or amortized cost in earnings.
Once the determination is made that a debt security is other-than-temporarily impaired, an estimate is developed of the portion of such impairment that is credit-related. The estimate of the credit-related portion of impairment is based upon a comparison of ratings at the time of purchase and the current ratings of the security, to establish whether there have been any specific credit events during the time the Company has owned the security, as well as the outlook through the expected maturity horizon for the security. The Company obtains ratings from two nationally recognized rating agencies for each security being assessed. The Company also incorporates information on the specific securities from its management and, as appropriate, from its external investment advisors on their views on the probability of it receiving the interest and principal cash-flows for the remaining life of the securities.
This information is used to determine the Company's best estimate of what the credit related portion of the impairment is, based on a probability-weighted estimate of future cash flows. The probability weighted cash flows for the individual securities are modeled using internal models, which calculate the discounted cash flows at the implicit rate at purchase through maturity. If the cash flow projections indicate that the Company does not expect to recover its amortized cost basis, the Company recognizes the estimated credit loss in earnings. For debt securities that are intended to be sold, or that management believes are more likely than not to be required to be sold prior to recovery, the full impairment is recognized immediately in earnings. For debt securities that management has no intention to sell and believes it is more likely than not that they will not be required to be sold prior to recovery, only the credit component of the impairment is recognized in earnings, with the remaining impairment loss recognized in AOCI.
The total impairment for any debt security that is deemed to have an other-than-temporary impairment is recorded in the statement of operations as a net realized loss from investments. The portion of such impairment that is determined to be non-credit-related is deducted from net realized losses in the statement of operations and reflected in other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), the latter of which is a component of stockholders’ equity in the balance sheets.
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Other-than-temporary Impairment —During the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, the Company did not record other-than-temporary losses. The other-than-temporary losses recorded for the three months ended June 30, 2009 are as follows:
| | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, 2009 |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses on debt securities which the Company does not intend to sell or it is more-likely-than-not that it will not be required to sell | | $ | — |
Less: portion of OTTI losses recognized in AOCI (before taxes) | | | — |
| | | |
Net impairment losses recognized in net (loss) income for securities that the Company does not intend to sell or it is more likely-than-not that it will not be required to sell | | | — |
OTTI losses recognized in net (loss) income for debt securities that the Company intends to sell or more-likely-than-not will be required to sell before recovery | | | 281 |
Impairment losses related to equity securities | | | 540 |
| | | |
Net impairment losses recognized in statement of operations | | $ | 821 |
| | | |
Activity related to the credit component recognized in net (loss) income on debt securities held by the Company for which a portion of other-than-temporary impairment was recognized in AOCI for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, is as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Cumulative Other-Than-Temporary Impairment Credit Losses Recognized in Net (Loss) Income for Debt Securities |
| | January 1, 2010 Cumulative OTTI credit losses recognized for securities still held | | Reductions due to sales of credit impaired securities | | | Adjustments to book value of credit impaired securities due to changes in cash flows | | June 30, 2010 Cumulative OTTI credit losses recognized for securities still held |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
OTTI credit losses recognized for debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Municipal Bonds | | $ | 1,717 | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | $ | 1,717 |
Corporate Bonds | | | 789 | | | (188 | ) | | | — | | | 601 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total OTTI credit losses recognized for debt securities | | $ | 2,506 | | $ | (188 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | 2,318 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Cumulative Other-Than-Temporary Impairment Credit Losses Recognized in Net (Loss) Income for Debt Securities |
| | April 1, 2009 Cumulative OTTI credit losses recognized for securities still held | | Reductions due to sales of credit impaired securities | | Adjustments to book value of credit impaired securities due to changes in cash flows | | June 30, 2009 Cumulative OTTI credit losses recognized for securities still held |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
OTTI credit losses recognized for debt securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Municipal Bonds | | $ | 1,575 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 1,575 |
Corporate Bonds | | | 632 | | | — | | | — | | | 632 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total OTTI credit losses recognized for debt securities | | $ | 2,207 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 2,207 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Scheduled Maturities— The following table sets forth the amortized cost and fair value of fixed income securities by contractual maturity at June 30, 2010:
| | | | | | |
| | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
Due in one year or less | | $ | 3,409 | | $ | 3,648 |
Due after one year through five years | | | 510,278 | | | 523,783 |
Due after five years through ten years | | | 578,805 | | | 601,247 |
Due after ten years | | | 1,030,933 | | | 1,051,997 |
Mortgage-backed securities | | | 4,988 | | | 4,444 |
| | | | | | |
Total fixed income securities | | $ | 2,128,413 | | $ | 2,185,119 |
| | | | | | |
Actual maturities may differ from those scheduled as a result of calls or prepayments by the issuers prior to maturity.
Net Investment Income— Net investment income consists of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Fixed income securities | | $ | 20,068 | | | $ | 24,987 | | | $ | 43,687 | | | $ | 49,219 | |
Equity securities | | | 2,768 | | | | 4,302 | | | | 5,869 | | | | 8,796 | |
Short-term investments, cash and cash equivalents and other | | | 1,766 | | | | 157 | | | | 2,583 | | | | 6,616 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment income before expenses | | | 24,602 | | | | 29,446 | | | | 52,139 | | | | 64,631 | |
Investment expenses | | | (741 | ) | | | (330 | ) | | | (1,590 | ) | | | (910 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | $ | 23,861 | | | $ | 29,116 | | | $ | 50,549 | | | $ | 63,721 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses)— Net realized investment gains (losses) consist of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Fixed income securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross gains | | $ | 3,146 | | | $ | 20,990 | | | $ | 9,041 | | | $ | 21,818 | |
Gross losses | | | (3,706 | ) | | | (758 | ) | | | (5,188 | ) | | | (3,165 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (losses) gains | | | (560 | ) | | | 20,232 | | | | 3,853 | | | | 18,653 | |
Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross gains | | | 281 | | | | 4,034 | | | | 3,773 | | | | 4,034 | |
Gross losses | | | — | | | | (769 | ) | | | (148 | ) | | | (5,067 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net gains (losses) | | | 281 | | | | 3,265 | | | | 3,625 | | | | (1,033 | ) |
Short-term investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net gains (losses) | | | 676 | | | | (105 | ) | | | 352 | | | | (279 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net realized investment gains before income taxes | | | 397 | | | | 23,392 | | | | 7,830 | | | | 17,341 | |
Income tax expense | | | 139 | | | | 8,187 | | | | 2,740 | | | | 6,069 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total net realized investment gains after income taxes | | $ | 258 | | | $ | 15,205 | | | $ | 5,090 | | | $ | 11,272 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net realized investment gains for the first half of 2010 resulted primarily from sales of municipal bonds and preferred equity securities. Net realized investment gains for the first half of 2009 includes a $0.5 million loss related to the Company’s other-than-temporary impairment of certain preferred securities in its U.S. investment portfolio and a $0.3 million loss related to fixed income securities in its International investment portfolio. As a result of the adoption of Topic 320 on April 1, 2009, the Company recognized a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings in the amount of $2.5 million; $1.1 million of which related to impairments recognized in the first quarter of 2009 and $1.4 million of the losses were recorded in previous years.
Investment Concentrations and Other Items — The Company maintains an investment portfolio principally of U.S. municipal bonds. The following states and the District of Columbia represent the largest concentrations in the U.S. municipal bond portfolio, expressed as a percentage of the fair value of all U.S. municipal bond holdings. Holdings in states and the District of Columbia that exceed 5% of the U.S. municipal bond portfolio at the respective dates are presented below:
| | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2010 | | | December 31, 2009 | |
Florida | | 14.8 | % | | 13.9 | % |
Illinois | | 10.9 | % | | 11.5 | % |
New York | | 10.7 | % | | 13.3 | % |
California | | 9.2 | % | | 11.3 | % |
Texas | | 8.2 | % | | 9.7 | % |
At June 30, 2010, fixed income securities and short-term investments with an aggregate fair value of $10.3 million were on deposit with regulatory authorities as required by law.
NOTE 5. INVESTMENTS IN UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Investments in the Company’s unconsolidated subsidiaries include both equity investees and other unconsolidated subsidiaries. The carrying values of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries consisted of the following as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2010 | | Ownership Percentage | | | December 31, 2009 | | Ownership Percentage | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
FGIC | | $ | — | | 42.0 | % | | $ | — | | 42.0 | % |
CMG MI | | | 117,858 | | 50.0 | % | | | 124,826 | | 50.0 | % |
Other* | | | 14,812 | | various | | | | 14,949 | | various | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 132,670 | | | | | $ | 139,775 | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
* | Other represents principally various limited partnership investments. |
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Equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries is shown for the periods presented:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2010 | | | Ownership Percentage | | | 2009 | | | Ownership Percentage | | | 2010 | | | Ownership Percentage | | | 2009 | | | Ownership Percentage | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | | | (Dollars in thousands) | |
FGIC | | $ | — | | | 42.0 | % | | $ | — | | | 42.0 | % | | $ | — | | | 42.0 | % | | $ | — | | | 42.0 | % |
CMG MI | | | (3,856 | ) | | 50.0 | % | | | (1,221 | ) | | 50.0 | % | | | (8,145 | ) | | 50.0 | % | | | (3,515 | ) | | 50.0 | % |
RAM Re | | | — | | | 0.0 | % | | | — | | | 23.7 | % | | | — | | | 0.0 | % | | | — | | | 23.7 | % |
Other | | | (61 | ) | | various | | | | (171 | ) | | various | | | | (182 | ) | | various | | | | (323 | ) | | various | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | (3,917 | ) | | | | | $ | (1,392 | ) | | | | | $ | (8,327 | ) | | | | | $ | (3,838 | ) | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Due to the impairment of its FGIC investment in the first quarter of 2008, the Company did not recognize any equity in earnings (losses) from FGIC in 2009 or 2010. Additionally, due to the impairment of RAM Re during 2008 and the sale of RAM Re during the fourth quarter of 2009, the Company did not recognize equity in earnings (losses) from RAM Re in 2009.
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CMG MI’s condensed balance sheets as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, and condensed statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009 are as follows:
| | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2010 | | December 31, 2009 |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
Condensed Balance Sheets | | | | | | |
Assets: | | | | | | |
Cash and investments, at fair value | | $ | 403,172 | | | 399,989 |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | | | 12,877 | | | 13,801 |
Other assets | | | 29,652 | | | 22,098 |
| | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 445,701 | | $ | 435,888 |
| | | | | | |
| | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | |
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses | | $ | 190,062 | | $ | 169,807 |
Unearned premiums | | | 14,891 | | | 17,408 |
Other liabilities | | | 11,738 | | | 5,728 |
| | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 216,691 | | | 192,943 |
Shareholders’ equity | | | 229,010 | | | 242,945 |
| | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 445,701 | | $ | 435,888 |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Condensed Statements of Operations | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross revenues | | $ | 26,568 | | | $ | 32,049 | | | $ | 53,526 | | | $ | 61,090 | |
Total expenses | | | 39,930 | | | | 36,436 | | | | 80,584 | | | | 73,788 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss before income taxes | | | (13,362 | ) | | | (4,387 | ) | | | (27,058 | ) | | | (12,698 | ) |
Income tax benefit | | | (5,650 | ) | | | (1,945 | ) | | | (10,769 | ) | | | (5,668 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | | (7,712 | ) | | | (2,442 | ) | | | (16,289 | ) | | | (7,030 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
PMI's ownership interest in common equity | | | 50.0 | % | | | 50.0 | % | | | 50.0 | % | | | 50.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total equity in losses from CMG MI | | $ | (3,856 | ) | | $ | (1,221 | ) | | $ | (8,145 | ) | | $ | (3,515 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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NOTE 6. DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS
The following table summarizes deferred policy acquisition cost activity as of and for the periods set forth below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Beginning balance | | $ | 42,642 | | | $ | 39,061 | | | $ | 41,289 | | | $ | 34,791 | |
Policy acquisition costs incurred and deferred | | | 6,040 | | | | 5,410 | | | | 11,269 | | | | 13,025 | |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | | | (4,163 | ) | | | (3,753 | ) | | | (8,039 | ) | | | (7,098 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at June 30, | | $ | 44,519 | | | $ | 40,718 | | | $ | 44,519 | | | $ | 40,718 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deferred policy acquisition costs are affected by qualifying costs that are deferred in the period and amortization of previously deferred costs in such periods. Deferred policy acquisition costs are reviewed periodically to determine whether they exceed recoverable amounts, after considering investment income.
NOTE 7. RESERVE FOR LOSSES AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES (LAE)
The Company establishes reserves for losses and LAE to recognize the estimated liability for potential losses and LAE related to insured mortgages that are in default. The establishment of loss reserves is subject to inherent uncertainty and requires significant judgment by management. The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending consolidated reserves for losses and LAE between January 1 and June 30:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Balance at January 1, | | $ | 3,253,820 | | | $ | 2,709,286 | |
Less: reinsurance recoverables | | | (703,550 | ) | | | (482,678 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net balance at January 1, | | | 2,550,270 | | | | 2,226,608 | |
Losses and LAE incurred, principally with respect to defaults occurring in: | | | | | | | | |
Current year | | | 504,456 | | | | 748,650 | |
Prior years(1) | | | 166,858 | | | | 115,138 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total incurred | | | 671,314 | | | | 863,788 | |
Losses and LAE payments, principally with respect to defaults occurring in: | | | | | | | | |
Current year | | | (2,251 | ) | | | (6,972 | ) |
Prior years | | | (714,630 | ) | | | (448,234 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total payments | | | (716,881 | ) | | | (455,206 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Foreign currency translation effects | | | (5,407 | ) | | | (2,136 | ) |
Net ending balance at June 30, | | | 2,499,296 | | | | 2,633,054 | |
Reinsurance recoverables | | | 613,646 | | | | 602,318 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Balance at June 30, | | $ | 3,112,942 | | | $ | 3,235,372 | |
| | | | | | | | |
(1) | The $166.9 million and $115.1 million increases in prior years’ reserves in the first six months of 2010 and 2009, respectively, were due to re-estimations of ultimate loss rates from those established at the original notices of defaults, updated through the periods presented. The $166.9 million increase in prior years’ reserves during the first half of 2010 reflected a decline in rescission activity beyond our expectations which caused us to reduce our estimate of future rescissions, thereby increasing loss reserves. To a lesser extent, the increase in prior years’ reserves was due to reduced expectations in the second quarter of 2010 with respect to the levels of future loan modifications and adverse claim rate development in the modified pool and primary insurance portfolios. During the first six months of 2010, |
23
| the Company restructured certain modified pool policies resulting in acceleration of $220.5 million in claim payments which is inclusive of retained contractual cash flows. As part of the restructurings, the Company retained a contractual right to future cash flow streams, with an estimated fair value of $82.3 million as of the restructure dates. The recognition of these assets decreased the losses and LAE incurred related to prior years. The $115.1 million increase in prior years’ reserves during the first half of 2009 reflected the significant weakening of the housing and mortgage markets and was driven by lower cure rates, higher claim rates and higher claim sizes in our primary and modified pool insurance portfolios. |
The decrease in total consolidated loss reserves at June 30, 2010 compared to June 30, 2009 was primarily due to decreases in the reserve balances for U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations primarily due to payment of claims on the Company’s primary and pool insurance portfolios. The payment of claims on the modified pool portfolio reflects the acceleration of claim payments related to the restructuring of certain modified pool policies in the first half of 2010. Upon receipt of default notices, future claim payments are estimated relating to those loans in default and a reserve is recorded. Generally, it takes approximately 12 to 36 months from the receipt of a default notice to result in a primary claim payment. Accordingly, almost all losses paid relate to default notices received in prior years.
NOTE 8. FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES
The following tables present the difference between fair values as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 and the aggregate contractual principal amounts of the long-term debt for which the fair value option has been elected. Had the Company not adopted the fair value option, the Company’s diluted loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 would have been $0.88 per share and $2.28 per share, respectively, compared to $1.11 per share and $2.81 per share as reported in 2010.
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Fair Value (including accrued interest) as of June 30, 2010 | | Principal amount and accrued interest | | Difference |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
Long-term debt | | | | | | | | | |
6.000% Senior Notes | | $ | 200,625 | | $ | 254,375 | | $ | 53,750 |
6.625% Senior Notes | | $ | 101,523 | | $ | 152,898 | | $ | 51,375 |
| | | |
| | Fair Value (including accrued interest) as of December 31, 2009 | | Principal amount and accrued interest | | Difference |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
Long-term debt | | | | | | | | | |
6.000% Senior Notes | | $ | 149,063 | | $ | 254,375 | | $ | 105,312 |
6.625% Senior Notes | | $ | 64,585 | | $ | 152,898 | | $ | 88,313 |
Topic 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (referred to as an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Topic 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value.
Level 1Observable inputs with quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 1 assets and liabilities include debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market, as well as certain U.S. Treasury securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-counter markets.
24
Level 2Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments and derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing model with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
When determining the fair value of its debt, the Company has considered the guidance presented in Topic 820 related to determining fair value when the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability have significantly decreased and identifying transactions that are not orderly.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including financial instruments for which the Company has elected the fair value option, are summarized below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2010 | | Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value |
| | Fair Value Measurements Using | |
| | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed income securities | | $ | — | | $ | 2,183,058 | | $ | 2,061 | | $ | 2,185,119 |
Equity securities | | | 28,405 | | | 160,136 | | | 4,159 | | | 192,700 |
Short-term investments | | | 1,040 | | | 100 | | | — | | | 1,140 |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 1,021,841 | | | — | | | — | | | 1,021,841 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 1,051,286 | | $ | 2,343,294 | | $ | 6,220 | | $ | 3,400,800 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 13,072 | | $ | 13,072 |
6.000% Senior Notes | | | — | | | 200,625 | | | — | | | 200,625 |
6.625% Senior Notes | | | — | | | 101,523 | | | — | | | 101,523 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | $ | — | | $ | 302,148 | | $ | 13,072 | | $ | 315,220 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
25
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2009 | | Assets/Liabilities at Fair Value |
| | Fair Value Measurements Using | |
| | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed income securities | | $ | — | | $ | 2,352,041 | | $ | 3,147 | | $ | 2,355,188 |
Equity securities | | | 28,955 | | | 182,188 | | | 3,970 | | | 215,113 |
Short-term investments | | | 2,232 | | | — | | | — | | | 2,232 |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 686,891 | | | — | | | — | | | 686,891 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 718,078 | | $ | 2,534,229 | | $ | 7,117 | | $ | 3,259,424 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 17,331 | | $ | 17,331 |
6.000% Senior Notes | | | — | | | 149,063 | | | — | | | 149,063 |
6.625% Senior Notes | | | — | | | 64,585 | | | — | | | 64,585 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | $ | — | | $ | 213,648 | | $ | 17,331 | | $ | 230,979 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
PMI Europe’s risk in force related to its credit default swap (“CDS”) contracts was $1.1 billion as of June 30, 2010 and $4.0 billion as of December 31, 2009. Certain PMI Europe CDS contracts contain collateral support provisions which, upon certain circumstances, such as deterioration of underlying mortgage loan performance, require PMI Europe to post collateral for the benefit of the counterparty. The methodology for determining the amount of the required posted collateral varies and can include mark-to-market valuations, contractual formulae (principally related to expected loss performance) and/or negotiated amounts. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with collateral support provisions that are in a liability position as of June 30, 2010 is $10.9 million, for which the Company has posted collateral of $10.9 million in the normal course of business. The Company estimates that the current collateral requirement of $10.9 million as of June 30, 2010 will decline in the remaining half of 2010. The actual level of collateral posted in 2010 will be dependent upon deal performance, claim payments, and the extent to which PMI Europe is successful in commuting certain contracts. To the extent PMI Europe is successful in commuting certain contracts the amount of collateral postings could be significantly reduced. The fair value of derivative liabilities was $13.1 million and $17.3 million as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively, and is included in other liabilities on the balance sheet.
Fair Value of Credit Default Swap Contracts
PMI Europe’s CDS contracts are valued using internal proprietary models because these instruments are unique, complex, and private and are often customized transactions, for which observable market quotes are not regularly available. Due to the lack of observable inputs required to value CDS contracts, they are considered to be Level 3 under the Topic 820 fair value hierarchy. Valuation models and the related assumptions are continuously re-evaluated by management and refined, as appropriate.
Key inputs used in the Company’s valuation of CDS contracts include the transaction notional amount, expected term, premium rates on risk layers, changes in market spreads and cost of capital, estimated loss rates and loss timing, and risk free interest rates. As none of the instruments that the Company is holding are traded, the Company develops internal exit price estimates. Its internal exit price estimates are based on a number of factors, including its own expectations of loss payments and timing, as well as indications of current CDS spreads obtained through market surveys with investment banks, counterparty banks, and other relevant market sources in Europe. The Company validates market surveys obtained from these third-party sources by comparing them against each other for consistency. The assumed market CDS spread is a significant assumption that, if changed, could result in materially different fair values. Accordingly, market perceptions of credit deterioration are likely to result in the increase in the expected exit value (the amount required to be paid to exit the transaction).
26
The values of the Company’s CDS contracts are affected by estimated changes in credit spreads of the underlying obligations and/or the cost of the Company’s capital. As credit spreads change, the values of these CDS contracts will change and the resulting gains and losses will be recorded in the Company’s operating results. In addition, the Company incorporates its non-performance risk into the market value of its derivative assets and liabilities. The fair value of these CDS liabilities was $13.1 million as of June 30, 2010. Excluding the Company’s non-performance risk, the fair value of these CDS liabilities would have been $13.7 million as of June 30, 2010.
In estimating the fair values of CDS contracts, PMI Europe incorporates expected life of contract dates in its internal valuation models. The Company estimates the life of contracts to coincide with expected call dates based on a number of factors, including past experience of counterparties, the underlying economics of the transactions, counterparties’ expressed intent and potential costs associated with extending transactions. The current state of capital markets, the financial conditions and perspectives of various counterparties and the general weakening of economic conditions in Europe may lead to decisions by customers to extend the credit protection offered by PMI Europe’s CDS contracts, which could be counteracted by PMI Europe’s counterparties’ assessments of its creditworthiness. If a CDS contract is extended beyond its expected call date, PMI Europe will be required to adjust its internal valuation model assumptions. To the extent that credit spreads are higher than at the time of inception of the transaction, extending the expected life from the call date to the maturity date could result in PMI Europe recognizing further significant mark-to-market losses. If counterparties elect to extend PMI Europe’s CDS contracts and spreads remain at their current levels, mark-to-market losses could be material and there will be a greater likelihood of incurring higher than currently expected realized losses in the form of paid claims on the contracts. To date, all of PMI Europe’s CDS contracts have either been called at the Company’s expected call date or have deviated from the Company’s expected call date in lengths of time that are not significant.
The fair value of investment grade contracts is determined by calculating the difference between the present value of expected future premiums from the contract and the estimated cost of hedging the transaction to the expected life of contract date. The estimated cost of hedging the transaction is established by reference to market spreads on residential mortgage backed securities in the countries in which the underlying reference portfolio is located. Spreads are obtained from banking groups and analysts. The expected life of contract date is determined by using the earlier of the next contractual call date or an estimated regulatory call date based upon discussions with the counterparty.
Similar third party information is not available for non-investment grade contracts, and, accordingly, for those contracts, fair value is estimated using the present value of expected future contractual payments and incorporating a market-based estimated cost of capital that would be required by a third party with similar credit standing as PMI to assume an identical contract. Expected future contractual payments are determined through the analysis of recent performance of the relevant transaction and similar transactions. Cash flows are discounted using a risk-free rate. The market-based cost of capital is based on an estimate of PMI’s cost of capital as of the period in which the value is being determined.
27
The table below presents a reconciliation for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Total Fair Value Measurements | |
| | Six Months Ended June 30, 2010 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
| | Fixed Income Securities | | | Equity Securities | | | Credit Default Swaps (Liabilities) | |
Level 3 Instruments Only | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, January 1, 2010 | | | 3,148 | | | | 3,970 | | | | (17,331 | ) |
Total gains or (losses) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Included in earnings(1) | | | — | | | | (61 | ) | | | 2,180 | |
Included in other comprehensive income(2) | | | (1,087 | ) | | | — | | | | 2,404 | |
Purchase, sales, issuance and settlements(3) | | | — | | | | 250 | | | | (325 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, June 30, 2010 | | $ | 2,061 | | | $ | 4,159 | | | $ | (13,072 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| | | |
| | Six Months Ended June 30, 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Balance, January 1, 2009 | | | 3,441 | | | | 4,464 | | | | (54,542 | ) |
Total gains or (losses) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Included in earnings(1) | | | (237 | ) | | | — | | | | 14,759 | |
Included in other comprehensive income(2) | | | — | | | | — | | | | 481 | |
Purchase, sales, issuance and settlements(3) | | | — | | | | — | | | | (950 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, June 30, 2009 | | $ | 3,204 | | | $ | 4,464 | | | $ | (40,252 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | The losses on fixed income securities of $0.0 million and $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, are included in net investment income in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The gain on equity securities of $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 is also included in net investment income in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The gains on credit default swaps of $2.2 million and $14.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, are included in other income in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. |
(2) | The loss on fixed income securities of $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 is a result of the adjustment of certain corporate bonds to market price and is included in other comprehensive income. The gain on credit default swaps of $2.4 million and $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, is a result of the translation from the Euro to the U.S. dollar and is included in other comprehensive income. |
(3) | The purchase, sales, issuance and settlements of $0.3 million and $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively represent net cash received on credit default swaps. |
NOTE 9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Income Taxes— As of June 30, 2010, no tax issues from the most recently closed or pending IRS audit would, in the opinion of management, give rise to a material assessment or have a material effect on the consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.
Guarantees— The PMI Group has guaranteed certain payments to the holders of the privately issued debt securities (“Capital Securities”) issued by PMI Capital I, an unconsolidated subsidiary of the Company. Payments with respect to any accrued and unpaid distributions payable, the redemption amount of any Capital Securities that are called and amounts due upon an involuntary or voluntary termination, winding up or liquidation of the Issuer Trust are subject to the guarantee. In addition, the guarantee is irrevocable, is an unsecured obligation of the Company and is subordinate and junior in right of payment to all senior debt of the Company.
28
Funding Obligations— The Company has invested in certain limited partnerships with ownership interests greater than 3% but less than 50%. As of June 30, 2010, the Company had committed to fund, if called upon to do so, $2.7 million of additional equity in certain limited partnership investments. The Company is under no obligation to provide additional capital with respect to its investment in FGIC, an unconsolidated equity investee.
Legal Proceedings— Various legal actions and regulatory reviews are currently pending that involve the Company and specific aspects of its conduct of business. Although there can be no assurance as to the ultimate disposition of these matters, in the opinion of management, based upon the information available as of the date of these financial statements, the expected ultimate liability in one or more of these actions is not expected to have a material effect on the consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.
NOTE 10. RESTRICTED INVESTMENTS, CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Effective June 2008, PMI Guaranty, FGIC and Assured Guaranty Re Ltd ("AG Re") executed an agreement pursuant to which all of the direct FGIC business reinsured by PMI Guaranty was recaptured by FGIC and ceded by FGIC to AG Re. Pursuant to the Agreement, with respect to two of the exposures ceded to AG Re, PMI Guaranty agreed to reimburse AG Re for any losses it pays, subject to an aggregate limit of $22.9 million. PMI Guaranty has secured its obligation by depositing $22.9 million into a trust account for the benefit of AG Re and, to the extent AG Re’s obligations are less than $22.9 million, the remaining funds will be returned to the Company. As of June 30, 2010, the $20.8 million remaining deposit is included in cash and cash equivalents with a corresponding liability in losses and LAE reserves on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
Certain of PMI Europe’s CDS and reinsurance transactions contain collateral support provisions which, upon certain circumstances, require PMI Europe to post collateral for the benefit of the counterparty. As of June 30, 2010, PMI Europe posted collateral of $10.9 million on credit default swap transactions accounted for as derivatives and $17.8 million related to insurance and certain U.S. sub-prime related reinsurance transactions. The collateral of $28.7 million is included in investments and cash and cash equivalents on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2010.
29
NOTE 11. COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The following table shows the components of comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Net Loss | | $ | (150,560 | ) | | $ | (222,620 | ) | | $ | (307,547 | ) | | $ | (337,911 | ) |
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total change in unrealized gains (losses) arising during the year, net of tax benefit | | | 14,767 | | | | 46,403 | | | | 28,613 | | | | 45,799 | |
Less: realized investment (losses) gains, net of tax (benefit) expense | | | (181 | ) | | | 15,273 | | | | 4,861 | | | | 11,453 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in unrealized gains arising during the period, net of tax expense of $5,270, $16,523, $7,844 ,and $17,115, respectively | | | 14,948 | | | | 31,130 | | | | 23,752 | | | | 34,346 | |
Defined benefit pension plans, net of tax expense of $0 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Accretion of cash flow hedges, net of tax expense of $54, $54, $107 and $107, respectively | | | 100 | | | | 100 | | | | 199 | | | | 199 | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total change in unrealized (losses) gains on foreign currency translation, net of tax expense (benefit) of $3,958, $(2,519), $7,485, and $(2,519), respectively | | | (7,512 | ) | | | 4,679 | | | | (10,079 | ) | | | (600 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other comprehensive income | | | 7,536 | | | | 35,909 | | | | 13,872 | | | | 33,945 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive loss | | $ | (143,024 | ) | | $ | (186,711 | ) | | $ | (293,675 | ) | | $ | (303,966 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The changes in unrealized gains in the second quarter and first half of 2010 were primarily due to improved valuation of the municipal, government and corporate bond portfolios partially offset by deterioration in the valuation of the preferred and common stock securities. The changes in unrealized gains/losses in the second quarter and first half of 2009 were primarily due to contracting market spreads in the U.S. fixed income portfolio and in the preferred securities portfolio as a result of an improvement in the equity securities’ markets as well as other market driven factors. The declines in foreign currency translation adjustments in the second quarter and first half of 2010 were due primarily to weakening of the Euro relative to the U.S. dollar. The increase in foreign currency translation adjustments in the second quarter of 2009 was due primarily to the strengthening of the Euro relative to the U.S. dollar.
30
The following table shows the accumulated balances for each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Unrealized gains (losses) on investments | | | Defined benefit plans | | | Accretion of cash flow hedges | | | Foreign currency translation gains | | | Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Balance, December 31, 2008 | | | (65,115 | ) | | | (13,871 | ) | | | (4,952 | ) | | | 48,259 | | | | (35,679 | ) |
Current period change | | | 34,346 | | | | — | | | | 199 | | | | (600 | ) | | | 33,945 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, June 30, 2009 | | $ | (30,769 | ) | | $ | (13,871 | ) | | $ | (4,753 | ) | | $ | 47,659 | | | $ | (1,734 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2009 | | | 28,444 | | | | (8,557 | ) | | | (4,554 | ) | | | 50,075 | | | | 65,408 | |
Current period change | | | 23,752 | | | | — | | | | 199 | | | | (10,079 | ) | | | 13,872 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, June 30, 2010 | | $ | 52,196 | | | $ | (8,557 | ) | | $ | (4,355 | ) | | $ | 39,996 | | | $ | 79,280 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NOTE 12. BENEFIT PLANS
The following table provides the components of net periodic benefit cost for the pension and other post-retirement benefit plans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Pension benefits | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Service cost | | $ | 1,485 | | | $ | 1,076 | | | $ | 2,985 | | | $ | 2,077 | |
Interest cost | | | 1,141 | | | | 895 | | | | 2,295 | | | | 1,730 | |
Expected return on plan assets | | | (894 | ) | | | (517 | ) | | | (1,798 | ) | | | (999 | ) |
Amortization of prior service cost | | | (293 | ) | | | (227 | ) | | | (588 | ) | | | (439 | ) |
Recognized net actuarial loss | | | 336 | | | | 523 | | | | 676 | | | | 1,011 | |
SERP settlement | | | — | | | | 797 | | | | — | | | | 770 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net periodic benefit cost | | $ | 1,775 | | | $ | 2,547 | | | $ | 3,570 | | | $ | 4,150 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Other post-retirement benefits | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Service cost | | $ | 107 | | | $ | 100 | | | $ | 214 | | | $ | 201 | |
Interest cost | | | 261 | | | | 234 | | | | 522 | | | | 468 | |
Amortization of prior service cost | | | (155 | ) | | | (143 | ) | | | (309 | ) | | | (287 | ) |
Recognized net actuarial loss | | | 117 | | | | 134 | | | | 233 | | | | 268 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net periodic post-retirement benefit cost | | $ | 330 | | | $ | 325 | | | $ | 660 | | | $ | 650 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
In 2009, the Company contributed $15.7 million to its pension plans. The Company contributed $6.2 million to the Retirement Plan in 2010 and does not intend to make further contributions in 2010.
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NOTE 13. INCOME TAXES
The components of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 are as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2010 | | | December 31, 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Deferred tax assets: | | | | | | | | |
AMT and other credits | | $ | 193,122 | | | $ | 192,819 | |
Discount on loss reserves | | | 34,932 | | | | 35,558 | |
Unearned premium reserves | | | 3,768 | | | | 4,128 | |
Basis difference on investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries | | | 215,944 | | | | 215,944 | |
Pension costs and deferred compensation | | | 19,873 | | | | 17,964 | |
Contingency reserve deduction, net of tax and loss bonds | | | — | | | | 40,478 | |
Net operating losses | | | 170,241 | | | | 19,151 | |
Basis difference in foreign subsidiaries | | | 28,272 | | | | 25,375 | |
Other assets | | | 14,166 | | | | 16,494 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total deferred tax assets | | | 680,318 | | | | 567,911 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Deferred tax liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | | | 15,581 | | | | 14,451 | |
Unrealized net gains on investments | | | 14,668 | | | | 11,118 | |
Unrealized net gains on debt | | | 46,087 | | | | 77,097 | |
Software development costs | | | 6,002 | | | | 8,499 | |
Equity in earnings from unconsolidated subsidiaries | | | 24,555 | | | | 27,406 | |
Convertible Note discount | | | 35,151 | | | | — | |
Other liabilities | | | 2,551 | | | | 2,440 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total deferred tax liabilities | | | 144,595 | | | | 141,011 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net deferred tax asset | | | 535,723 | | | | 426,900 | |
Valuation allowance | | | (252,955 | ) | | | (248,277 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net deferred tax asset | | $ | 282,768 | | | $ | 178,623 | |
| | | | | | | | |
The Company evaluates the need for a valuation allowance quarterly taking into consideration the ability to carryback and carryforward tax credits and losses, available tax planning strategies and future income, including the reversal of temporary differences. In addition, the Company had benefits from the use of tax and loss bonds which have allowed the Company to deduct statutory contingency reserves on its federal tax return. Once redeemed, the tax and loss bonds result in taxable income which have offset the Company’s operating losses. As of June 30, 2010, the Company evaluated whether it was “more likely than not” that the deferred tax assets would be utilized in the future and determined that a valuation allowance of $253.0 million was required. The increase of $4.7 million from December 31, 2009 was due primarily to increased state net operating losses and certain foreign exchange losses that are not expected to provide future benefits to the Company. Any future changes in management’s assessment of the need for a valuation allowance will be recognized as a change in estimate in future periods.
The Company’s effective tax rates from continuing operations were 37.2% and 36.7% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, compared to the federal statutory rate of 35.0%. As the Company reported net losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, municipal bond investment income and income from certain international operations, which have lower effective tax rates, increased the Company’s effective tax rate in comparison to the federal statutory rate. PMI has historically provided for U.S. federal income tax on the undistributed earnings from its foreign subsidiaries, except to the extent such earnings are reinvested indefinitely.
In accordance with Topic 740, the Company has recorded a contingent liability of $3.2 million as of June 30, 2010, which, if recognized, would affect the Company’s future effective tax rate. Of this total, approximately $3.0 million had been accrued as of December 31, 2009.
32
When incurred, the Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense. The Company accrued net interest and penalties of $0.2 million in the first half of 2010. The Company remains subject to examination in the following major tax jurisdictions:
| | |
Jurisdiction | | Years Affected |
United States | | From 2006 to present |
California | | From 2004 to present |
Ireland | | From 2006 to present |
Canada | | From 2007 to present |
As of June 30, 2010, there were no positions for which management believes it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of tax contingencies will significantly increase or decrease within 12 months of the reporting date.
As of June 30, 2010, the Company is subject to federal examination in the U.S. from 2006 through the present. In 2007, the IRS closed its audit for taxable years 2001 through 2003 and the statute of limitations lapsed for 2005 in 2009. Subsequent to the quarter ended June 30, 2010, the Company was notified that the IRS will be examining the 2008 tax year.
PMI has historically provided for U.S. federal income tax on the undistributed earnings from its foreign subsidiaries, except to the extent such earnings are reinvested indefinitely. During the quarter ended June 30, 2009, the Company determined that earnings from foreign subsidiaries, principally PMI Europe, were no longer deemed “permanently reinvested”. As such, related income tax amounts have subsequently been recorded as components in the consolidated statement of operations and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
The Company has foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $12.5 million primarily related to the PMI Europe and Canada operations that will expire in 2012-2027.
The Company has tax credit carryforwards of approximately $193.1 million, primarily related to the payment of alternative minimum tax of $113.3 million and foreign taxes of $78.9 million. The alternative minimum tax credits do not expire and the foreign tax credits will expire if not utilized in 2018.
NOTE 14. REINSURANCE
The following table shows the effects of reinsurance on premiums written, premiums earned and losses and LAE of the Company’s operations for the periods presented:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Premiums written | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Direct, net of refunds | | $ | 176,145 | | | $ | 211,470 | | | $ | 370,161 | | | $ | 436,079 | |
Assumed | | | 4 | | | | (2,296 | ) | | | 8 | | | | (1,108 | ) |
Ceded | | | (31,859 | ) | | | (39,450 | ) | | | (65,803 | ) | | | (80,401 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums written | | $ | 144,290 | | | $ | 169,724 | | | $ | 304,366 | | | $ | 354,570 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Direct, net of refunds | | $ | 181,711 | | | $ | 221,900 | | | $ | 377,462 | | | $ | 449,756 | |
Assumed | | | 292 | | | | (126 | ) | | | 245 | | | | 1,840 | |
Ceded | | | (32,352 | ) | | | (40,174 | ) | | | (66,491 | ) | | | (81,902 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums earned | | $ | 149,651 | | | $ | 181,600 | | | $ | 311,216 | | | $ | 369,694 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Losses and loss adjustment expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Direct | | $ | 366,698 | | | $ | 556,142 | | | $ | 743,867 | | | $ | 1,026,480 | |
Assumed | | | 107 | | | | (100 | ) | | | 117 | | | | (53 | ) |
Ceded | | | (46,316 | ) | | | (75,201 | ) | | | (72,670 | ) | | | (162,639 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net losses and LAE | | $ | 320,489 | | | $ | 480,841 | | | $ | 671,314 | | | $ | 863,788 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
33
The majority of the Company’s existing reinsurance contracts are captive reinsurance agreements in the U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations. Under captive reinsurance agreements, a portion of the risk insured by PMI is reinsured with the mortgage originator or investor through a reinsurer that is affiliated with the mortgage originator or investor. The majority of the Company’s ceded premiums in the first six months of 2010 and 2009 are from U.S. captive reinsurance arrangements. The Company recorded $613.6 million in reinsurance recoverables primarily from captive arrangements related to PMI’s gross loss reserves as of June 30, 2010, compared to $703.6 million as of December 31, 2009. As of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, the total assets in captive trust accounts held for the benefit of PMI totaled approximately $900.2 million and $940.7 million, before quarterly net settlements, respectively.
NOTE 15. DEBT AND REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2010 | | December 31, 2009 |
| | Principal Amount | | Fair Value | | Carrying Value | | Carrying Value |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
6.000% Senior Notes, due September 15, 2016(1) | | $ | 250,000 | | $ | 200,625 | | $ | 200,625 | | $ | 149,063 |
6.625% Senior Notes, due September 15, 2036 (1) | | | 150,000 | | | 101,523 | | | 101,523 | | | 64,585 |
Revolving Credit Facility, due October 24, 2011 | | | 49,750 | | | 49,750 | | | 49,750 | | | 124,750 |
8.309% Junior Subordinated Debentures, due February 1, 2027 | | | 51,593 | | | 35,083 | | | 51,593 | | | 51,593 |
4.50% Convertible Notes due April 15, 2020 | | | 285,000 | | | 204,630 | | | 184,552 | | | — |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total debt | | $ | 786,343 | | $ | 591,611 | | $ | 588,043 | | $ | 389,991 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | The fair value and carrying value of the Company’s 6.000% Senior Notes and 6.625% Senior Notes at June 30, 2010 include accrued interest. |
The Company amended its revolving credit facility (the “credit facility” or “facility”) effective May 29, 2009 following the satisfaction of certain conditions precedent agreed upon between the Company and the lenders under the facility on May 8, 2009. In connection with the Amended Agreement, MIC and The PMI Group entered into a Note Purchase Agreement pursuant to which The PMI Group purchased the contingent note from MIC which MIC received in connection with the sale of PMI Australia (the “QBE Note”). Upon the completion of the sale of the QBE Note to The PMI Group from MIC, The PMI Group granted a security interest in the QBE Note in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the lenders under the Amended Agreement.
The Amended Agreement places certain limitations on the Company’s ability to pay dividends on its common stock, including a per year cap of $0.01 per share, subject to an annual aggregate limit of $5 million, and a prohibition from declaring any dividend at any time MIC is prohibited from writing new mortgage insurance by any state in the U.S. See Part II, Item 1A.Risk Factors —We may face liquidity issues at our holding company, The PMI Group, and if an event of default were to occur under our credit facility, our business would suffer.
Pursuant to the terms of our credit facility, The PMI Group was required to use 33% of the net proceeds from its concurrent common stock and Convertible Notes offerings to repay the outstanding indebtedness under the credit facility, subject to a maximum repayment amount of $75 million. Accordingly, The PMI Group used $75 million of the net proceeds from the offerings to pay down the credit facility from $124.8 million to $49.8 million; the total maximum amount of the lenders’ commitments is $50 million. In April 2010, in connection with the offerings, the Company amended its credit facility. As part of the amendment, the net worth requirement was removed as a financial covenant.
The Company received proceeds of $276.5 million after the deduction of offering expenses of $8.5 million upon issuance of the 4.50% Convertible Notes due 2020. The Company used a portion of the proceeds from the note issuance and concurrent Common Stock offering to pay $75 million of its outstanding indebtedness under its credit facility and for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Company has allocated the Convertible
34
Notes offering costs to the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of proceeds and accounted for them as debt issuance costs and equity issuance costs, respectively. At June 30, 2010, the following summarizes the liability and equity components of the Convertible Notes:
| | | | |
| | June 30, 2010 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Liability components: | | | | |
4.50% Convertible Notes due 2020 | | $ | 285,000 | |
Less: Convertible Notes unamortized discount | | | (100,448 | ) |
| | | | |
Convertible Notes, net of discount | | $ | 184,552 | |
| | | | |
Equity components: | | | | |
Additional Paid in Capital: | | | | |
Embedded conversion option | | $ | 101,478 | |
Less: Embedded conversion option tax effect | | | (35,517 | ) |
Less: Issuance Costs | | | (77 | ) |
| | | | |
| | $ | 65,884 | |
| | | | |
At June 30, 2010, remaining unamortized debt issuance costs included in other non-current assets were $8.9 million and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Convertible Notes. Amortization expense for the period ended June 30, 2010 was $0.2 million. At June 30, 2010 the remaining amortization period for the unamortized Convertible Notes discount and debt issuance costs was 9.83 years.
The components of interest expense resulting from the Convertible Notes for the period ended June 30, 2010 are as follows:
| | | |
| | June 30, 2010 |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
Contractual coupon interest | | $ | 2,173 |
Amortization of Convertible Notes debt discount | | | 1,030 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | | | 161 |
| | | |
| | $ | 3,364 |
| | | |
For the period ended June 30, 2010, the amortization of the Convertible Notes debt discount and debt issuance costs are based on an effective interest rate of 10.3%.
Holders may convert their Convertible Notes prior to January 15, 2020, only in specified circumstances, and holders may convert their Notes at any time thereafter until the second business day preceding maturity. The Convertible Notes will be convertible at an initial conversion rate of 127.5307 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $7.84 per share. Upon conversion, the Company may deliver cash, shares of Common Stock or a combination thereof, at its option. The Convertible Notes if converted value did not exceed the principal amount of $285 million at June 30, 2010.
On or after January 15, 2020 until the close of business on the second business day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert their Convertible Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at the option of the holder.
35
The Company may redeem the Notes in whole or in part on or after April 15, 2015, if the last reported sale price of Common Stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price then in effect for 20 or more trading days in a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately prior to the date of redemption notice. The redemption price will be equal to the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be redeemed plus accrued but unpaid interest plus a specified “make whole” premium.
NOTE 16. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
Reporting segments are based upon the Company’s internal organizational structure, the manner in which the Company’s operations are managed, the criteria used by the Company’s management to evaluate segment performance, the availability of separate financial information and overall materiality considerations.
Effective December 31, 2009, the Company combined its former “Corporate and Other” and “Financial Guaranty” segments into a “Corporate and Other” segment for all periods presented. The Company’s Corporate and Other segment, among other things, includes its investment in FGIC and its former investment in RAM Re. The Company impaired its investment in FGIC in 2008 and reduced the carrying value of the investment to zero. Effective January 1, 2010, PMAC was included in the Company’s U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations segment.
The following tables present segment income or loss and balance sheets as of and for the periods indicated:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, 2010 | |
| | U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations | | | International Operations | | | Corporate and Other | | | Consolidated Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | $ | 148,416 | | | $ | 1,235 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 149,651 | |
Net investment income | | | 21,330 | | | | 2,400 | | | | 131 | | | | 23,861 | |
Net realized investment (losses) gains | | | (1 | ) | | | 122 | | | | 276 | | | | 397 | |
Change in fair value of certain debt instruments | | | — | | | | — | | | | (47,687 | ) | | | (47,687 | ) |
Net gains from credit default swaps | | | — | | | | 462 | | | | — | | | | 462 | |
Other income (loss) | | | 2,225 | | | | (3 | ) | | | — | | | | 2,222 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues (expenses) | | | 171,970 | | | | 4,216 | | | | (47,280 | ) | | | 128,906 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Losses and expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Losses and loss adjustment expenses | | | 321,120 | | | | (631 | ) | | | — | | | | 320,489 | |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | | | 4,163 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 4,163 | |
Other underwriting and operating expenses | | | 25,440 | | | | 1,269 | | | | 1,198 | | | | 27,907 | |
Interest expense | | | 2,175 | | | | — | | | | 10,072 | | | | 12,247 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total losses and expenses | | | 352,898 | | | | 638 | | | | 11,270 | | | | 364,806 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Loss) income before equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries and income taxes | | | (180,928 | ) | | | 3,578 | | | | (58,550 | ) | | | (235,900 | ) |
Equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries | | | (3,856 | ) | | | — | | | | (61 | ) | | | (3,917 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes | | | (184,784 | ) | | | 3,578 | | | | (58,611 | ) | | | (239,817 | ) |
Income tax benefit from continuing operations | | | (69,149 | ) | | | (1,045 | ) | | | (19,063 | ) | | | (89,257 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income | | $ | (115,635 | ) | | $ | 4,623 | | | $ | (39,548 | ) | | $ | (150,560 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
36
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, 2009 | |
| | U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations | | | International Operations | | | Corporate and Other | | | Consolidated Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | $ | 178,178 | | | $ | 3,415 | | | $ | 7 | | | $ | 181,600 | |
Net investment income (loss) | | | 28,929 | | | | (540 | ) | | | 727 | | | | 29,116 | |
Net realized investment gains (losses) | | | 23,663 | | | | (271 | ) | | | — | | | | 23,392 | |
Change in fair value of certain debt instruments | | | — | | | | — | | | | (39,079 | ) | | | (39,079 | ) |
Net gains from credit default swaps | | | — | | | | 7,003 | | | | — | | | | 7,003 | |
Other income | | | 12 | | | | 14 | | | | 105 | | | | 131 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues (expenses) | | | 230,782 | | | | 9,621 | | | | (38,240 | ) | | | 202,163 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Losses and expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Losses and loss adjustment expenses | | | 476,829 | | | | 4,012 | | | | — | | | | 480,841 | |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | | | 3,432 | | | | 321 | | | | — | | | | 3,753 | |
Other underwriting and operating expenses | | | 32,781 | | | | 3,909 | | | | 3,062 | | | | 39,752 | |
Interest expense | | | 16 | | | | — | | | | 11,715 | | | | 11,731 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total losses and expenses | | | 513,058 | | | | 8,242 | | | | 14,777 | | | | 536,077 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Loss) income before equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries and income taxes | | | (282,276 | ) | | | 1,379 | | | | (53,017 | ) | | | (333,914 | ) |
Equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries | | | (1,221 | ) | | | — | | | | (171 | ) | | | (1,392 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes | | | (283,497 | ) | | | 1,379 | | | | (53,188 | ) | | | (335,306 | ) |
Income tax (benefit) expense from continuing operations | | | (107,720 | ) | | | 14,831 | | | | (19,790 | ) | | | (112,679 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss from continuing operations | | | (175,777 | ) | | | (13,452 | ) | | | (33,398 | ) | | | (222,627 | ) |
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes | | | — | | | | 7 | | | | — | | | | 7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (175,777 | ) | | $ | (13,445 | ) | | $ | (33,398 | ) | | $ | (222,620 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
37
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended June 30, 2010 | |
| | U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations | | | International Operations | | Corporate and Other | | | Consolidated Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | $ | 308,579 | | | $ | 2,637 | | $ | — | | | $ | 311,216 | |
Net investment income | | | 46,363 | | | | 3,925 | | | 261 | | | | 50,549 | |
Net realized investment gains | | | 7,169 | | | | 385 | | | 276 | | | | 7,830 | |
Change in fair value of certain debt instruments | | | — | | | | — | | | (88,500 | ) | | | (88,500 | ) |
Net gain from credit default swaps | | | — | | | | 2,180 | | | — | | | | 2,180 | |
Other income | | | 2,225 | | | | 3 | | | — | | | | 2,228 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues (expenses) | | | 364,336 | | | | 9,130 | | | (87,963 | ) | | | 285,503 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Losses and expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Losses and loss adjustment expenses | | | 671,193 | | | | 121 | | | — | | | | 671,314 | |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | | | 8,039 | | | | — | | | — | | | | 8,039 | |
Other underwriting and operating expenses | | | 55,476 | | | | 3,069 | | | 3,221 | | | | 61,766 | |
Interest expense | | | 2,249 | | | | — | | | 19,521 | | | | 21,770 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total losses and expenses | | | 736,957 | | | | 3,190 | | | 22,742 | | | | 762,889 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Loss) income before equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries and income taxes | | | (372,621 | ) | | | 5,940 | | | (110,705 | ) | | | (477,386 | ) |
Equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries | | | (8,145 | ) | | | — | | | (182 | ) | | | (8,327 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes | | | (380,766 | ) | | | 5,940 | | | (110,887 | ) | | | (485,713 | ) |
Income tax (benefit) expense from continuing operations | | | (143,348 | ) | | | 1,300 | | | (36,118 | ) | | | (178,166 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income | | $ | (237,418 | ) | | $ | 4,640 | | $ | (74,769 | ) | | $ | (307,547 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
38
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended June 30, 2009 | |
| | U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations | | | International Operations | | | Corporate and Other | | | Consolidated Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | $ | 363,792 | | | $ | 5,887 | | | $ | 15 | | | $ | 369,694 | |
Net investment income | | | 56,699 | | | | 4,320 | | | | 2,702 | | | | 63,721 | |
Net realized investment gains (losses) | | | 19,395 | | | | (2,036 | ) | | | (18 | ) | | | 17,341 | |
Change in fair value of certain debt instruments | | | — | | | | — | | | | (20,603 | ) | | | (20,603 | ) |
Net gain from credit default swaps | | | — | | | | 14,759 | | | | — | | | | 14,759 | |
Other (loss) income | | | (38 | ) | | | (21 | ) | | | 2,374 | | | | 2,315 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues (expenses) | | | 439,848 | | | | 22,909 | | | | (15,530 | ) | | | 447,227 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Losses and expenses | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Losses and loss adjustment expenses | | | 856,675 | | | | 7,113 | | | | — | | | | 863,788 | |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | | | 6,457 | | | | 641 | | | | — | | | | 7,098 | |
Other underwriting and operating expenses | | | 66,301 | | | | 6,700 | | | | 6,772 | | | | 79,773 | |
Interest expense | | | 32 | | | | — | | | | 23,551 | | | | 23,583 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total losses and expenses | | | 929,465 | | | | 14,454 | | | | 30,323 | | | | 974,242 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Loss) income before equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries and income taxes | | | (489,617 | ) | | | 8,455 | | | | (45,853 | ) | | | (527,015 | ) |
Equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries | | | (3,515 | ) | | | — | | | | (323 | ) | | | (3,838 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes | | | (493,132 | ) | | | 8,455 | | | | (46,176 | ) | | | (530,853 | ) |
Income tax (benefit) expense from continuing operations | | | (189,789 | ) | | | 15,177 | | | | (18,353 | ) | | | (192,965 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss from continuing operations | | | (303,343 | ) | | | (6,722 | ) | | | (27,823 | ) | | | (337,888 | ) |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes | | | — | | | | (23 | ) | | | — | | | | (23 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (303,343 | ) | | $ | (6,745 | ) | | $ | (27,823 | ) | | $ | (337,911 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
39
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2010 |
| | U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations | | International Operations | | Corporate and Other | | | Consolidated Total |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and investments, at fair value | | $ | 3,129,083 | | $ | 173,850 | | $ | 97,867 | | | $ | 3,400,800 |
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries | | | 117,858 | | | — | | | 14,812 | | | | 132,670 |
Reinsurance recoverables | | | 613,646 | | | — | | | — | | | | 613,646 |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | | | 44,519 | | | — | | | — | | | | 44,519 |
Property, equipment and software, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization | | | 28,775 | | | 6 | | | 64,269 | | | | 93,050 |
Other assets | | | 566,252 | | | 20,190 | | | 61,982 | | | | 648,424 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 4,500,133 | | $ | 194,046 | | $ | 238,930 | | | $ | 4,933,109 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses | | $ | 3,079,764 | | $ | 33,178 | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,112,942 |
Unearned premiums | | | 56,150 | | | 7,358 | | | — | | | | 63,508 |
Debt | | | 285,000 | | | — | | | 303,043 | | | | 588,043 |
Other liabilities | | | 195,522 | | | 14,584 | | | 4,220 | | | | 214,326 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 3,616,436 | | | 55,120 | | | 307,263 | | | | 3,978,819 |
Shareholders’ equity (deficit) | | | 883,697 | | | 138,926 | | | (68,333 | ) | | | 954,290 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 4,500,133 | | $ | 194,046 | | $ | 238,930 | | | $ | 4,933,109 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| | December 31, 2009 |
| | U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations | | International Operations | | Corporate and Other | | | Consolidated Total |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and investments, at fair value | | $ | 2,979,683 | | $ | 190,975 | | $ | 88,766 | | | $ | 3,259,424 |
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries | | | 124,826 | | | — | | | 14,949 | | | | 139,775 |
Reinsurance recoverables | | | 703,550 | | | — | | | — | | | | 703,550 |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | | | 41,289 | | | — | | | — | | | | 41,289 |
Property, equipment and software, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization | | | 35,606 | | | 27 | | | 66,260 | | | | 101,893 |
Other assets | | | 323,521 | | | 11,755 | | | 60,310 | | | | 395,586 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 4,208,475 | | $ | 202,757 | | $ | 230,285 | | | $ | 4,641,517 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expenses | | $ | 3,213,735 | | $ | 40,085 | | $ | — | | | $ | 3,253,820 |
Unearned premiums | | | 61,758 | | | 10,328 | | | 3 | | | | 72,089 |
Debt | | | — | | | — | | | 389,991 | | | | 389,991 |
Other liabilities (assets) | | | 172,070 | | | 34,763 | | | (8,303 | ) | | | 198,530 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 3,447,563 | | | 85,176 | | | 381,691 | | | | 3,914,430 |
Shareholders’ equity (deficit) | | | 760,912 | | | 117,581 | | | (151,406 | ) | | | 727,087 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 4,208,475 | | $ | 202,757 | | $ | 230,285 | | | $ | 4,641,517 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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NOTE 17. EXIT AND DISPOSAL ACTIVITIES
In 2008 and 2009, the Company undertook initiatives to reduce and manage its expenses and to focus on its core U.S. mortgage insurance business. The following table provides a reconciliation of exit and disposal costs included in other underwriting expenses by operating segment in the first six months of 2010 and 2009:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations | | | International Operations | | | Consolidated Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Balance at January 1, 2009 | | $ | 2,343 | | | $ | 2,775 | | | $ | 5,118 | |
Exit costs incurred | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Severance | | | 1,014 | | | | — | | | | 1,014 | |
Lease termination & fixed asset disposal | | | 400 | | | | 1,757 | | | | 2,157 | |
Other | | | 31 | | | | — | | | | 31 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total incurred | | | 1,445 | | | | 1,757 | | | | 3,202 | |
Exit costs payments | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Severance | | | (2,219 | ) | | | (2,126 | ) | | | (4,345 | ) |
Fringe benefits | | | — | | | | (36 | ) | | | (36 | ) |
Lease termination & fixed asset disposal | | | — | | | | (1,757 | ) | | | (1,757 | ) |
Other | | | (141 | ) | | | (318 | ) | | | (459 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total payments | | | (2,360 | ) | | | (4,237 | ) | | | (6,597 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at June 30, 2009 | | $ | 1,428 | | | $ | 295 | | | $ | 1,723 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations | | | International Operations | | | Consolidated Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Balance at January 1, 2010 | | $ | 2,072 | | | $ | 243 | | | $ | 2,315 | |
Exit costs payments | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Severance | | | (1,649 | ) | | | (165 | ) | | | (1,814 | ) |
Lease termination & fixed asset disposal | | | (26 | ) | | | — | | | | (26 | ) |
Other | | | (57 | ) | | | (78 | ) | | | (135 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total payments | | | (1,732 | ) | | | (243 | ) | | | (1,975 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at June 30, 2010 | | $ | 340 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 340 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
The expenses in the U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations segment are primarily payroll and related expenses from involuntary terminations in 2009. The expenses in the International Operations segment are primarily due to reductions in force from the closure of PMI Canada’s office in Toronto and reconfiguration of PMI Europe. Exit costs incurred since December 2008 were $21.8 million which consisted primarily of severance and related costs.
41
NOTE 18. SUBSEQUENT EVENT
On July 29, 2010, the Company’s primary subsidiary, MIC, sold its equity ownership in FGIC, the holding company of Financial Guaranty Insurance Company. While the proceeds from the sale of FGIC were not significant, the Company could potentially realize certain tax benefits in future periods from the disposition of FGIC. Any potential tax benefits could be limited or delayed, and there can be no assurance whether or when any such tax benefits will be realized.
42
ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT
Statements in this report that are not historical facts, or that are preceded by, followed by or include the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates” or similar expressions, and that relate to future plans, events or performance are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements in this report include discussions of future potential trends relating to losses, claims paid, loss reserves, default inventories and cure rates of our various insurance subsidiaries, rescission and claim denial activity and the challenges thereto, persistency, premiums, new insurance written, refinance activity, the make-up of our various insurance portfolios, the impact of market and competitive conditions, rising unemployment, liquidity, capital requirements and initiatives, regulatory and contractual capital adequacy requirements, potential legislative changes, potential discretionary regulatory decisions by insurance regulators, captive reinsurance agreements, restructuring opportunities associated with our modified pool policies, fair value of certain debt instruments, the performance of our derivative contracts as well as certain securities held in our investment portfolios and potential litigation. These forward-looking statements are subject to uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. These uncertainties and other factors are described in more detail under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010 and in Part II, Item 1A. herein. All forward-looking statements are qualified by and should be read in conjunction with those risk factors, our consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financial information.Except as may be required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Financial Results for the Quarter and Six Months Ended June 30, 2010
In the second quarter of 2010, in concurrent public offerings, The PMI Group, Inc. (“The PMI Group”) sold 77,765,000 shares of common stock at $6.15 per share and issued $285 million aggregate principal value of 4.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020. Total net proceeds to The PMI Group from the offerings were approximately $732 million.
For the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2010, we recorded consolidated net losses of $150.6 million and $307.5 million, respectively, compared to consolidated net losses of $222.6 million and $337.9 million for the corresponding periods in 2009. Losses and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) decreased from $480.8 million in the second quarter of 2009 to $320.5 million in the second quarter of 2010 and from $863.8 million in the first half of 2009 to $671.2 million in the first half of 2010. These decreases were offset by lower premiums earned and net investment income in the second quarter and first half of 2010, and an increase in the fair value of our debt which reduced second quarter and first half of 2010 total revenues by $47.7 million and $88.5 million, respectively.
Overview of Our Business
We provide residential mortgage insurance products designed to protect mortgage lenders and investors from credit losses in the event of borrower default. By facilitating low down payment mortgages, mortgage insurance promotes homeownership and strengthens communities. We divide our business into three segments: U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations, International Operations and Corporate and Other.
| • | | U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations. The results of U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations include PMI Mortgage Insurance Co. (“MIC”) and its affiliated U.S. mortgage insurance and reinsurance companies (collectively, “PMI”), and equity in earnings (losses) from PMI’s joint venture, CMG Mortgage Insurance Company and its affiliated companies (collectively, “CMG MI”). Effective January 1, 2010, we include PMI Mortgage Assurance Co. (“PMAC”) in U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations. U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations recorded net losses of $115.6 million and $237.4 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, compared to net losses of $175.8 million and $303.3 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009. |
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| • | | International Operations. Our International Operations segment includes the results of our European and Canadian subsidiaries, “PMI Europe” and “PMI Canada,” neither of which is writing new business. International Operations generated net income from continuing operations of $4.6 million and $4.6 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2010, compared to net losses from continuing operations of $13.5 million and $6.7 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009. |
| • | | Corporate and Other. Our Corporate and Other segment consists of corporate debt and expenses of our holding company, contract underwriting operations (which were discontinued in April 2009), our former investments in RAM Re (which we sold in the fourth quarter of 2009) and FGIC Corporation (which we sold on July 29, 2010), and equity in earnings or losses from investments in certain limited partnerships. Our Corporate and Other segment generated net losses from continuing operations of $39.5 million and $74.8 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, compared to net losses of $33.4 million and $27.8 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2009. |
Conditions and Trends Affecting our Business
U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations. The financial performance of our U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations segment is affected by a number of factors, including:
| • | | MIC’s Capital Position. In the second quarter of 2010, we contributed $610 million of the proceeds from our public offerings to MIC in the form of a capital contribution and surplus notes issued by MIC to The PMI Group. The contributions caused MIC’s policyholders’ position and risk to capital ratio to comply with regulatory capital adequacy requirements. As of June 30, 2010, MIC’s policyholders’ position exceeded the required minimum by approximately $415.5 million and MIC’s risk to capital ratio was approximately 15.8 to 1. |
High unemployment rates and ongoing weakness in U.S. residential mortgage and housing markets continue to negatively affect our U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations segment. As discussed below underLosses and LAE, PMI continues to experience elevated losses. These losses have reduced, and will continue to reduce, PMI’s net assets. The ultimate amount and duration of PMI’s losses will depend upon various factors, including home price fluctuations and unemployment rates. Continued losses and/or the lack of material net income will negatively impact MIC’s policyholders’ position and risk to capital ratio throughout 2010 and in 2011. There can be no assurance that MIC’s policyholders’ position will not decline below, and risk to capital ratio will not increase above, levels necessary to meet regulatory capital adequacy requirements.See Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors - There can be no assurance that higher than expected losses, or earlier than expected development of such losses, will not cause MIC to be out of compliance with applicable regulatory capital adequacy requirements in the future. In the event MIC’s capital position again approaches regulatory thresholds, we would seek to obtain the necessary waivers to continue to write new business.
MIC’s principal regulator is the Arizona Department of Insurance (the “Department”). On February 10, 2010, MIC received a letter from the Department waiving, until December 31, 2011, the requirement that MIC maintain the Arizona required minimum policyholders’ position to write new business. On May 24, 2010, PMI received a letter from the Department withdrawing this waiver due to our $610 million of capital contributions to MIC.
In 2008, we submitted written remediation plans to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (collectively, the “GSEs”) outlining, among other things, the steps we are taking or plan to take to bolster MIC’s financial strength. To date, each of the GSEs has continued to treat MIC as an eligible mortgage insurer. There can be no assurance that the GSEs will continue to treat MIC as an eligible mortgage insurer.
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| • | | Losses and LAE. PMI’s losses and LAE were $321.1 million and $671.2 million for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, compared to $476.8 million and $856.7 million in the corresponding periods in 2009. Elevated levels of new delinquencies drove PMI’s higher losses and LAE in the first half of 2009. A decline in PMI’s default inventory from December 31, 2009, partially offset by higher claims paid, drove the decline in losses and LAE in the first half of 2010. PMI’s losses and LAE will be negatively affected if notices of default, claim rates and/or claim sizes continue to be elevated or increase beyond our current estimates. PMI’s rescission activity during the first half of 2010 was lower than we expected (seeRescission Activity,below), causing us to reduce our estimate of future rescissions. To a lesser extent, we also reduced our expectations in the second quarter with respect to the levels of future loan modifications. These reductions negatively affected PMI’s loss reserves, which increased losses and LAE during the second quarter of 2010. Changes, or lack of improvement, in economic conditions, including the U.S. credit and capital markets, mortgage interest rates, job creation, unemployment rates and home prices, could significantly impact our reserve estimates and, therefore, PMI’s losses and LAE. |
| • | | Defaults.PMI’s primary default inventory was 138,431 as of June 30, 2010, 147,248 as of March 31, 2010, 150,925 as of December 31, 2009 and 126,431 as of June 30, 2009. The declines in PMI’s primary default inventory were due to lower levels of new notices of default, increased cures and a significant increase in the number of primary claims paid. PMI’s modified pool default inventory was 13,160 as of June 30, 2010, 20,453 as of March 31, 2010, 46,024 as of December 31, 2009 and 52,717 as of June 30, 2009. The decreases in the pool default inventory were primarily due to the modified pool restructurings discussed underModified Pool, below. While we expect PMI’s default inventory and default rates to remain high through 2010, we believe that new delinquencies from our 2005, 2006 and 2007 primary book years have peaked. As a result, we expect PMI’s default inventory at the end of 2010 will be lower than at the end of 2009. PMI’s default inventories in the second quarter of 2010 were driven by a number of factors including: |
Declining Home Prices and High Unemployment – Elevated levels of unemployment have made it significantly more difficult for many borrowers to remain current on their mortgage payments, while declining home prices have reduced the opportunities for borrowers to refinance their mortgages or sell their homes. These factors are negatively affecting PMI’s default inventories and default rates.
Claims Paid – PMI’s default inventory increased significantly in 2008 and 2009. As this inventory has aged, the associated claims paid has increased. For example, in the second quarter of 2010, PMI paid 8,284 claims (including claim denials) compared to 4,888 in the second quarter of 2009. We expect claims paid (both in number and aggregate dollar amounts) to continue to increase in the second half of 2010 and continue to reduce the number of loans in PMI’s default inventory.
Cure Rate –During 2009, the percentage of defaults that cure declined primarily due to elevated levels of unemployment, diminished refinancing opportunities and implementation of the U.S. Treasury’s Home Affordable Modification Program (“HAMP”). Typically, with a traditional loan modification, a loan default is cured within a relatively short time period after the modification is approved. For loans approved for HAMP modifications, however, borrowers are subject to 90-day trial periods, which in many cases can be considerably longer, during which borrowers must adhere to their trial modification plans and submit all required documentation in order to complete the modification process. As of June 30, 2010, 18,079 loans insured by PMI were in HAMP trial periods, compared to 23,181 loans at December 31, 2009. We do not remove from PMI’s default inventory a loan subject to a HAMP trial modification period unless and until the trial period is completed, all required documents have
been received, the loan modification is closed, and the default is officially cured. The decline in PMI’s cure rate in 2009 was partially offset by loss mitigation efforts unrelated to HAMP and by rescissions of insurance written in prior periods. In the second quarter of 2010, PMI’s
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cure rate improved, primarily as a result of fewer new notices of default and, to a lesser extent, higher loan modifications. Based on our recent experience with HAMP and other modification programs, we expect that a material percentage of loans in our default inventory will be successfully modified, and our loss reserve estimation process takes into consideration management’s expectations regarding the reduction to the claim rate that may occur as a result of modification programs. In the second quarter of 2010, we reduced our expectations with respect to the levels of future loan modifications. See Item 1A.Risk Factors – Loan modification and other similar programs have materially reduced our loss reserve estimates, and because the benefits to PMI’s cure rate from such programs are difficult to quantify, if we overestimate the number of loans which ultimately cure as a result of such programs, the loss reserves we establish may not be sufficient to cover our losses on existing delinquent loans, which could adversely affect our financial position.
Alt-A Loans –We define Alt-A loans as loans where the borrower’s FICO score is 620 or higherandthe borrower requests and is given the option of providing reduced documentation verifying the borrower’s income, assets, deposit information or employment. Except for an immaterial number of commitments, we eliminated Alt-A loan eligibility in 2008. Risk in force from Alt-A loans represented 16.3% of PMI’s primary risk in force as of June 30, 2010 compared to 17.0% as of December 31, 2009 and 17.6% as of June 30, 2009. The default rate for Alt-A loans in PMI’s primary portfolio was 42.4% as of June 30, 2010 compared to 43.9% as of December 31, 2009 and 37.5% as of June 30, 2009.
Above-97s –PMI has experienced higher than expected levels of delinquent mortgages with loan-to-value ratios (“LTVs”) exceeding 97%, which we refer to as “Above-97s”. We stopped insuring Above-97s prior to 2009, and as of February 1, 2009, we stopped insuring loans with LTVs exceeding 95%. As of June 30, 2010, Above-97s represented 20.2% of PMI’s primary risk in force compared to 20.4% as of December 31, 2009 and 20.6% as of June 30, 2009. The default rate for Above-97s in PMI’s primary portfolio was 26.9% as of June 30, 2010 compared to 28.7% as of December 31, 2009 and 22.4% as of June 30, 2009.
Interest Only Loans –Interest only loans, also known as deferred amortization loans, have more exposure to declining home prices than traditional loans, in part because principal is not reduced during an initial deferral period. NIW consisting of interest only loans was negligible in 2009 and the first half of 2010. Interest only loans represented 10.5% of PMI’s primary risk in force as of June 30, 2010 compared to 10.9% as of December 31, 2009 and 11.1% as of June 30, 2009. The default rate for interest only loans was 42.8% as of June 30, 2010 compared to 43.8% as of December 31, 2009 and 36.5% as of June 30, 2009.
The above risk characteristics are not mutually exclusive, and PMI’s portfolio may contain loans having one or more of such characteristics.
Geographic Factors –Declining home prices and weak economic conditions, particularly in California, Florida, Illinois, New Jersey and Georgia, have negatively affected the development of PMI’s portfolio. PMI’s default rates in California and Florida continue to exceed PMI’s average default rate. The default rate from California was 33.8% as of June 30, 2010 compared to 36.7% as of December 31, 2009 and 30.8% as of June 30, 2009. The default rate from Florida was 40.8% as of June 30, 2010 compared to 41.1% as of December 31, 2009 and 34.1% as of June 30, 2009. As of June 30, 2010, Florida and California insured loans represented 9.9% and 7.6% of PMI’s primary risk in force, respectively. For certain geographic areas (principally metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs)) that are designated as distressed, PMI caps the maximum insured loan-to-value ratio and/or prescribes additional limiting criteria and underwriting guidelines. PMI assesses MSAs on a regular basis.
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| • | | Modified Pool. Prior to 2008, PMI wrote modified pool policies on pools of loans which feature aggregate stop-losses and per loan coverage liability caps. In some cases, the modified pool policies also include aggregate deductibles which must be reached before PMI would become liable to pay claims. PMI’s modified pool risk in force (net of risk for which reserves have been established) was $0.5 billion as of June 30, 2010 compared to $0.8 billion as of December 31, 2009 and $1.2 billion as of June 30, 2009. The $0.3 billion reduction in PMI’s modified pool risk in force in the first half of 2010 was primarily due to increasing loss reserves and the restructuring of certain modified pool contracts discussed below. |
The existence of stop-loss protection for PMI’s modified pool exposure results in a maximum loss amount equal to PMI’s modified pool risk-in-force. The existence of stop-loss protection and the significant reserves we have recorded and expect to record provide PMI with opportunities to work with its insured customers to restructure the risk on certain modified pool policies by negotiating early, discounted claim payments. This may particularly be the case when both parties agree on the likely amount of the ultimate contract losses and where the counterparty, rather than waiting to receive future expected claim payments, prefers to receive an acceleration of claim payments, although at a discount of the expected future claim payments for the particular pool. When we restructure our modified pool contracts at a discount to the level of our associated recorded reserves, we realize a capital benefit on both a statutory and GAAP basis.
During the first quarter of 2010, MIC restructured certain modified pool policies resulting in the acceleration of $163.7 million in payments to the counterparty and the elimination of the remaining $212.9 million of risk in force under the policies. Notwithstanding the elimination of the risk in force, MIC retained a contractual right to a future cash flow stream, with an estimated fair value of $66.4 million. We reflected the accrual of the amount of the payments to the counterparty, net of the fair value of the cash flow stream, or $97.3 million, in our first quarter 2010 losses and loss adjustment expenses. During the second quarter of 2010, MIC restructured certain modified pool policies resulting in acceleration of $56.8 million in payments to the counterparty and the elimination of the remaining $72.7 million of risk in force under the policies. MIC retained a contractual right to a future cash flow stream, with an estimated fair value of $15.9 million. We reflected the amount of the payments to the counterparty, net of the fair value of the cash flow stream, or $40.9 million, in our second quarter 2010 losses and loss adjustment expenses.
Modified pool with deductibles risk in force (net of risk for which reserves have been established) was $116.1 million as of June 30, 2010. We expect additional losses on this remaining risk in force through the second half of 2010, although not to maximum loss limits. We do not expect losses on our modified pool without deductibles contracts for all book years to reach our maximum loss limits. Modified pool without deductibles risk in force was $433.7 million as of June 30, 2010 compared to $520.5 million as of June 30, 2009.
| • | | Rescission Activity.PMI routinely investigates early payment default loans (loans that default prior to the thirteenth payment), or EPDs, and also investigates certain other non-EPD loans, for misrepresentations, negligent underwriting and eligibility for coverage. Based upon PMI’s recent investigations, industry data and other data, we believe that there were significantly higher levels of mortgage origination fraud and decreases in the quality of mortgage origination underwriting primarily in 2006 and 2007. As a result, PMI is reviewing and investigating a substantial volume of insured loans and the number of loans on which coverage has been rescinded by PMI increased in 2008 and 2009. We believe that our inventory of files under review has peaked and, as a result, rescission levels are declining relative to prior periods. |
When PMI rescinds insurance coverage with respect to an investigated loan, we notify the insured of the rescission, refund all premiums associated with the insured loan, and remove the rescinded loan from our calculation of PMI’s risk in force and insurance in force. In addition, if the rescinded loan was delinquent, we cease to include that loan in our default inventory and, therefore, do not
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incorporate that loan into our loss reserve estimates. Accordingly, past rescission activity has materially reduced our loss reserve estimates. In arriving at our loss reserve estimates, we also consider the effect of projected future rescission activity with respect to the current inventory of delinquent insured loans. Projected future rescission activity is materially reducing our current loss reserve estimates. To the extent that we are required to reverse rescissions beyond expected levels or future rescission activity is lower than projected, we would be required to increase loss reserves in future periods. The table below shows the aggregate risk in force of delinquent loans (including primary and pool) rescinded by PMI in each quarter in 2010, 2009 and 2008:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Q2 2010 | | Q1 2010 | | Q4 2009 | | Q3 2009 | | Q2 2009 | | Q1 2009 | | Q4 2008 | | Q3 2008 | | Q2 2008 | | Q1 2008 |
| | (Dollars in millions) |
Delinquent risk in force rescinded per quarter | | $ | 78.7 | | $ | 109.2 | | $ | 123.6 | | $ | 148.4 | | $ | 170.3 | | $ | 200.6 | | $ | 187.6 | | $ | 240.8 | | $ | 95.1 | | $ | 34.6 |
As a result of the decline in rescission activity beyond our expectations in the first half of 2010, we reduced our estimate of future rescissions, which negatively impacted PMI’s losses and LAE. Upon receiving PMI’s notice of rescission with respect to an insured loan, the insured may seek additional information as to the bases of our rescission and/or disagree with our decision to rescind coverage. We are experiencing an increase in the number of such disagreements and expect this trend to continue throughout 2010. If we are unsuccessful in defending our rescission decisions beyond expected levels, we may need to re-establish loss reserves for, and would need to reassume risk on, such rescinded loans. See Part II, Item 1A.Risk Factors - - Rescission activity may not materially reduce our loss reserve estimates at the same levels we have recently experienced, and our loss reserves will increase if we are required to reverse rescissions beyond expected levels or future rescission activity is lower than projected.
In some cases, our servicing customers do not produce documents necessary to perfect the claim. Most often, this arises from the servicer’s inability to provide the loan origination file for our review. If, after repeated requests by PMI, the loan file is not produced, the claim will be denied. If our servicing customers ultimately produce a loan origination file on such loans, PMI may, under certain circumstances, review the file for potential claim payment. Our loss reserve estimation process takes into consideration this possibility. There can be no assurance, however, that the frequency will not exceed our expectation or that our loss reserve estimates adequately provide for such occurrences. The table below shows the risk in force of claims denials (including primary and pool) in each quarter in 2010, 2009 and 2008:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Q2 2010 | | Q1 2010 | | Q4 2009 | | Q3 2009 | | Q2 2009 | | Q1 2009 | | Q4 2008 | | Q3 2008 | | Q2 2008 | | Q1 2008 |
| | (Dollars in millions) |
Claims denials per quarter - delinquent risk in force | | $ | 71.3 | | $ | 149.2 | | $ | 93.4 | | $ | 80.1 | | $ | 184.8 | | $ | 63.6 | | $ | 51.7 | | $ | 17.7 | | $ | 12.8 | | $ | 8.4 |
| • | | New Insurance Written (NIW). In response to difficult economic and industry conditions and in order to preserve capital, we made changes to PMI’s underwriting guidelines and customer management strategies in 2008 and 2009, which had the effect of limiting PMI’s new business writings in 2009 and the first half of 2010. We are undertaking efforts to increase insurance writings. However, a smaller mortgage origination market and the significant growth in demand for mortgage insurance from the Federal Housing Authority (“FHA”) are negatively impacting our ability to increase our NIW. The table below shows PMI’s primary NIW in each quarter in 2009 and 2010: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Q2 2010 | | Q1 2010 | | Q4 2009 | | Q3 2009 | | Q2 2009 | | Q1 2009 |
| | (Dollars in millions) |
Primary new insurance written | | $ | 1,567 | | $ | 964 | | $ | 969 | | $ | 1,176 | | $ | 2,001 | | $ | 4,848 |
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While we expect NIW to continue to increase in 2010, we also expect the factors identified above to continue to negatively impact our new business writings. Premium increases by the FHA could make private mortgage insurance more competitive and increase the size of the private mortgage insurance market. There can be no assurance that FHA mortgage insurance premiums will increase.
| • | | Captives. As of June 30, 2010, 45.8% of PMI’s primary risk in force was subject to excess of loss (“XOL”) captive reinsurance agreements. In 2009, we placed those agreements into run-off and we no longer cede premiums on new business written to such captives. PMI continues, however, to cede premiums to the captives with respect to risk in force written prior to run-off. Captive cessions, therefore, will decrease over time as the number of loans in PMI’s portfolio subject to captives decreases. As of June 30, 2010, PMI ceded approximately $613.6 million of loss reserves primarily to captive reinsurers, which we record as reinsurance recoverables and which reduce PMI’s losses and LAE. Reinsurance recoverables do not exceed assets in captive trust accounts which, as of June 30, 2010, totaled approximately $900.2 million, before quarterly net settlements. Because premium cessions are decreasing and paid claims ceded to captives are increasing, we expect that captive trust account balances will decline in 2010. |
| • | | Policy Cancellations and Persistency. PMI’s persistency rate, which is based upon the percentage of primary insurance in force at the beginning of a 12-month period that remains in force at the end of that period, was 85.6% as of June 30, 2010, 84.3% as of December 31, 2009 and 82.3% as of June 30, 2009. The increase in PMI’s persistency rate reflects home price declines and lower levels of residential mortgage refinance activity in the insured market. To the extent that home prices continue to decline or experience low appreciation rates, we expect PMI’s persistency rate to remain high and therefore limit the rate at which PMI’s risk in force runs off. |
| • | | Other-than-Temporary Impairment of Investments.During the second quarter and first half of 2010, we did not record impairment losses. We may have impairments for preferred stocks or other securities if they meet the criteria for other-than-temporary impairment, which would negatively affect our capital and have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. |
International Operations. Factors affecting the financial performance of our International Operations segment include:
| • | | PMI Europe. PMI Europe is not writing new business and, as a result, we expect its revenues to decline. As of June 30, 2010, PMI Europe’s total exposure from its reinsurance of U.S. subprime risk was $112.3 million. Total reserves associated with this portfolio were $16.5 million as of June 30, 2010. If the performance of these exposures deteriorates, PMI Europe will experience increased losses and increases to loss reserves. |
PMI Europe has posted collateral of $28.7 million on certain transactions as of June 30, 2010. Depending upon the performance of the underlying risk referenced in such transactions, PMI Europe may be required to post additional collateral. Any further downgrades will have no impact on the required collateral, as the current ratings are below all the ratings related triggers.
| • | | PMI Canada. PMI Canada recorded an insignificant amount of net income in the second quarter and a net loss of $0.5 million in the first half of 2010. We are in the process of closing our operations in Canada. To fully close our operations in Canada, we must remove PMI Canada’s risk in force and obtain regulatory approvals. |
As a result of the changes in our International Operations described above, other than the expected revenues from the consideration due on the QBE Note in 2011, our International Operations will generate a substantially smaller portion of our revenues in 2010 and thereafter. SeeLiquidity and Capital Resources – The QBE Note.
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Corporate and Other. Factors affecting the financial performance of our Corporate and Other segment include:
| • | | Fair Value Measurement of Financial Instruments.Effective January 1, 2008, we adopted the fair value option for certain of our corporate debt outlined in Topic 825. Topic 825 allows an entity the irrevocable option to elect fair value for the initial and subsequent measurement of certain financial assets and liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis. In the second quarter and first half of 2010, our total revenues were reduced by $47.7 million and $88.5 million, respectively, as a result of the increase in the fair value of our debt. This increase in fair value was due largely to the narrowing of credit spreads in the periods. In the second quarter and first half of 2009, the increase in fair value of our debt decreased total revenues by $39.1 million and $20.6 million, respectively. (See Item 1, Note 8.Fair Value Disclosures.) |
| • | | Holding Company Liquidity. Our holding company’s principal sources of liquidity include dividends from its insurance subsidiaries, expected tax receivables from PMI, tax refunds and income from its investment portfolio. MIC did not pay dividends to The PMI Group in 2009, and we do not expect that MIC will be able to pay dividends in 2010. Our holding company’s available funds, consisting of cash and cash equivalents and investments, were $94.7 million at June 30, 2010. Our holding company has $49.8 million outstanding with a $50.0 million maximum amount allowed under the revolving credit facility. For a discussion of the status of The PMI Group’s revolving credit facility, seeLiquidity and Capital Resources – Credit Facility. |
| • | | Deferred Tax Assets. As of June 30, 2010, we have a tax valuation allowance of $253.0 million against a $535.7 million deferred tax asset, for a net deferred tax asset of $282.8 million. Due to cumulative operating losses over the last three years and the continued economic downturn making future taxable income uncertain, we may be required to record additional valuation allowances against the remaining tax asset or future tax asset if we are unable to substantiate that those net tax assets will more likely than not be utilized. Further, in the event of an “ownership change” for federal income tax purposes under Internal Revenue Code Section 382, we may be restricted annually in our ability to use our deferred tax assets. See Part II, Item 1A.Risk Factors – We may not be able to realize all of our deferred tax assets and may be required to record a full or partial valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assetsand– Our deferred tax asset and other tax attributes could be significantly limited if we experience an “ownership change” as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. |
| • | | FGIC and RAM Re. We impaired our investments in FGIC and RAM Re in 2008 and reduced the carrying values of those investments to zero. We sold our investment in RAM Re in the fourth quarter of 2009. On July 29, 2010, we sold our investment in FGIC, the holding company of Financial Guaranty Insurance Company. While the proceeds from the sale of FGIC were not significant, we could potentially realize certain tax benefits in future periods from the disposition of FGIC. Any potential tax benefits could be limited or delayed, and there can be no assurance whether or when any such tax benefits will be realized. |
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Consolidated Results
The following table presents our consolidated financial results:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | | |
| | (Dollars in millions, except per share data) | | | (Dollars in millions, except per share data) | |
REVENUES: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | $ | 149.7 | | | $ | 181.6 | | | (17.6 | )% | | $ | 311.2 | | | $ | 369.7 | | | (15.8 | )% |
Net investment income | | | 23.9 | | | | 29.1 | | | (17.9 | )% | | | 50.5 | | | | 63.7 | | | (20.7 | )% |
Net realized investment gains | | | 0.4 | | | | 23.4 | | | (98.3 | )% | | | 7.8 | | | | 17.3 | | | (54.9 | )% |
Change in fair value of certain debt instruments | | | (47.7 | ) | | | (39.1 | ) | | 22.0 | % | | | (88.5 | ) | | | (20.6 | ) | | — | |
Other income | | | 2.6 | | | | 7.1 | | | (63.4 | )% | | | 4.5 | | | | 17.0 | | | (73.5 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 128.9 | | | | 202.1 | | | (36.2 | )% | | | 285.5 | | | | 447.1 | | | (36.1 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
LOSSES AND EXPENSES: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Losses and loss adjustment expenses | | | 320.5 | | | | 480.8 | | | (33.3 | )% | | | 671.3 | | | | 863.8 | | | (22.3 | )% |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | | | 4.2 | | | | 3.8 | | | 10.5 | % | | | 8.0 | | | | 7.1 | | | 12.7 | % |
Other underwriting and operating expenses | | | 27.9 | | | | 39.7 | | | (29.7 | )% | | | 61.8 | | | | 79.7 | | | (22.5 | )% |
Interest expense | | | 12.3 | | | | 11.7 | | | 5.1 | % | | | 21.8 | | | | 23.6 | | | (7.6 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total losses and expenses | | | 364.9 | | | | 536.0 | | | (31.9 | )% | | | 762.9 | | | | 974.2 | | | (21.7 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss before equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries and income taxes | | | (236.0 | ) | | | (333.9 | ) | | (29.3 | )% | | | (477.4 | ) | | | (527.1 | ) | | (9.4 | )% |
Equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries | | | (3.9 | ) | | | (1.4 | ) | | 178.6 | % | | | (8.3 | ) | | | (3.8 | ) | | 118.4 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss from continuing operations before taxes | | | (239.9 | ) | | | (335.3 | ) | | (28.5 | )% | | | (485.7 | ) | | | (530.9 | ) | | (8.5 | )% |
Income tax benefit from continuing operations | | | (89.3 | ) | | | (112.7 | ) | | (20.8 | )% | | | (178.2 | ) | | | (193.0 | ) | | (7.7 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (150.6 | ) | | $ | (222.6 | ) | | (32.3 | )% | | $ | (307.5 | ) | | $ | (337.9 | ) | | (9.0 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted net loss per share | | $ | (1.11 | ) | | $ | (2.71 | ) | | (59.0 | )% | | $ | (2.81 | ) | | $ | (4.12 | ) | | (31.8 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The decreases in premiums earned in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods in 2009 were driven by U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations’ lower insurance in force due in part to lower NIW. The decreases in premiums earned were partially offset by higher persistency in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods in 2009.
The decreases in net investment income in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods in 2009 were primarily due to a decrease in our pre-tax book yield. Our consolidated pre-tax book yield was 2.8% and 3.2% as of June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively. This decrease in our consolidated pre-tax book yield was primarily due to a lower pre-tax yield on cash and cash equivalent investments, a lower balance of preferred stock investments, which have higher pre-tax yields than other types of fixed income investments and the purchase of lower yield government, corporate, and foreign agency bonds for the short term portfolio which replaced the lower maturity higher yield municipal bonds sold in the second quarter of 2010.
The net realized investment gains in the second quarter and first half of 2010 and 2009 were driven primarily by sales of municipal bonds and equity securities.
In the second quarter and first half of 2010, our total revenues were reduced by $47.7 million and $88.5 million, respectively, as a result of the increase in the fair value of our debt. This increase in fair value was due largely to the narrowing of credit spreads in the periods. In the second quarter and first half of 2009, our total revenues were reduced by $39.1 million and $20.6 million, respectively, as a result of the increase in fair value of our debt.
The decreases in other income in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods in 2009 were due primarily to a decrease in net gains on credit default swaps in Europe.
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In the second quarter and first six months of 2010, losses and LAE reflected continued elevated levels of new notices of default and, to a lesser extent, losses associated with modified pool with deductible contracts. During the first half of 2010, we experienced lower levels of new notices of default and lower losses from modified pool with deductible contracts than during 2009.
The decreases in other underwriting and operating expenses in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods in 2009 were primarily due to the rationalization of our workforce associated with refocusing on our U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations in 2009. As a result of our repayment of $75 million on our line of credit in 2009, we paid lower interest and fees in the first half of 2010 than in the first half of 2009.
The effective tax rates for continuing operations were 37.2% and 36.7% for the second quarter and first half of 2010, respectively, compared to 33.6% and 36.3% for the second quarter and first half of 2009, and the federal statutory rate of 35.0%. As we reported net losses for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, municipal bond investment income and income from certain international operations, which have lower effective tax rates, increased our effective tax rates in those quarters above the federal statutory rate.
Segment Results
The following table presents consolidated results for each of our segments:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | | | | | | (Dollars in millions) | | | | |
U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations | | $ | (115.6 | ) | | $ | (175.8 | ) | | (34.2 | )% | | $ | (237.4 | ) | | $ | (303.3 | ) | | (21.7 | )% |
International Operations | | | 4.6 | | | | (13.5 | ) | | (134.1 | )% | | | 4.6 | | | | (6.7 | ) | | (168.7 | )% |
Corporate and Other | | | (39.5 | ) | | | (33.4 | ) | | 18.3 | % | | | (74.8 | ) | | | (27.8 | ) | | 169.1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss* | | $ | (150.6 | ) | | $ | (222.6 | ) | | (32.3 | )% | | $ | (307.5 | ) | | $ | (337.9 | ) | | (9.0 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
* | May not total due to rounding. |
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U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations
The results of our U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations include the operating results of PMI. CMG MI is accounted for under the equity method of accounting and its results are recorded as equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries. U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations’ results are summarized in the table below.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | | | | | | (Dollars in millions) | | | | |
Net premiums written | | $ | 144.0 | | | $ | 170.2 | | | (15.4 | )% | | $ | 303.4 | | | $ | 354.5 | | | (14.4 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | | 148.4 | | | | 178.2 | | | (16.7 | )% | | | 308.6 | | | | 363.8 | | | (15.2 | )% |
Net investment income | | | 21.3 | | | | 28.9 | | | (26.3 | )% | | | 46.4 | | | | 56.7 | | | (18.2 | )% |
Net realized investment gains | | | — | | | | 23.7 | | | (100.0 | )% | | | 7.2 | | | | 19.4 | | | (62.9 | )% |
Other income | | | 2.3 | | | | — | | | — | | | | 2.2 | | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 172.0 | | | | 230.8 | | | (25.5 | )% | | | 364.4 | | | | 439.9 | | | (17.2 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Losses and LAE | | | 321.1 | | | | 476.8 | | | (32.7 | )% | | | 671.2 | | | | 856.7 | | | (21.7 | )% |
Underwriting and operating expenses | | | 29.5 | | | | 36.3 | | | (18.7 | )% | | | 63.6 | | | | 72.8 | | | (12.6 | )% |
Interest expense | | | 2.2 | | | | — | | | — | | | | 2.2 | | | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total losses and expenses | | | 352.8 | | | | 513.1 | | | (31.2 | )% | | | 737.0 | | | | 929.5 | | | (20.7 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss before equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries and income taxes | | | (180.8 | ) | | | (282.3 | ) | | (36.0 | )% | | | (372.6 | ) | | | (489.6 | ) | | (23.9 | )% |
Equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries | | | (3.9 | ) | | | (1.2 | ) | | — | | | | (8.1 | ) | | | (3.5 | ) | | 131.4 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss before income taxes | | | (184.7 | ) | | | (283.5 | ) | | (34.9 | )% | | | (380.7 | ) | | | (493.1 | ) | | (22.8 | )% |
Income tax benefit | | | (69.1 | ) | | | (107.7 | ) | | (35.8 | )% | | | (143.3 | ) | | | (189.8 | ) | | (24.5 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (115.6 | ) | | $ | (175.8 | ) | | (34.2 | )% | | $ | (237.4 | ) | | $ | (303.3 | ) | | (21.7 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums written and earned— PMI’s net premiums written refers to the amount of premiums recorded based on effective coverage during a given period, net of refunds and premiums ceded primarily under captive reinsurance agreements. Under captive reinsurance agreements, PMI transfers portions of its risk written on loans originated by certain lender-customers to captive reinsurance companies affiliated with such lender-customers. In return, portions of PMI’s gross premiums written are ceded to those captive reinsurance companies.
PMI’s premiums earned refers to the amount of net premiums written, net of changes in unearned premiums. The components of PMI’s net premiums written and premiums earned are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | | | | | | (Dollars in millions) | | | | |
Direct premiums written, net of refunds | | $ | 175.8 | | | $ | 210.6 | | | (16.5 | )% | | $ | 369.2 | | | $ | 434.7 | | | (15.1 | )% |
Ceded premiums, net of assumed | | | (31.8 | ) | | | (40.4 | ) | | (21.3 | )% | | | (65.8 | ) | | | (80.2 | ) | | (18.0 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net premiums written | | $ | 144.0 | | | $ | 170.2 | | | (15.4 | )% | | $ | 303.4 | | | $ | 354.5 | | | (14.4 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | $ | 148.4 | | | $ | 178.2 | | | (16.7 | )% | | $ | 308.6 | | | $ | 363.8 | | | (15.2 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The decreases in direct premiums written and premiums earned in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods of 2009 were driven by lower insurance in force due in part to lower levels of NIW. The decrease in ceded premiums in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods of 2009 were primarily due to XOL captives placed in runoff effective January 1, 2009. As
53
of June 30, 2010, 45.8% of PMI’s primary risk in force was subject to captive reinsurance agreements compared to 47.8% as of June 30, 2009. SeeConditions and Trends Affecting our Business – U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations – Captives.
Net investment income – Net investment income decreased in the second quarter and first half of 2010 primarily due to a decline in PMI’s average pre-tax book yield. The average pre-tax book yield in the second quarter and first half of 2010 was lower than the corresponding periods of 2009 primarily due to lower pre-tax yields on cash and cash equivalent investments, lower balances of preferred stock investments, which have higher pre-tax yields than other types of fixed income investments, and the purchase of lower yield government, corporate, and foreign agency bonds for the short term portfolio which replaced the lower maturity, higher yield municipal bonds sold in the second quarter of 2010.
Our investment policies and strategies are subject to change depending on regulatory, economic and market conditions and our financial condition and operating requirements, including our tax position. In response to
recent operating losses, investments in tax-advantaged securities have been reduced and proceeds redeployed into higher yielding taxable securities which should continue in the second half of 2010.
Net realized investment gains– The net realized investment gains in the first half of 2009 and 2010 were driven primarily by sales of municipal bonds and equity securities.
Losses and LAE— PMI’s losses and LAE represents claims paid, certain expenses related to default notification, loss mitigation and claim processing and changes to loss reserves during the applicable period. Because losses and LAE includes changes to loss reserves, it reflects our best estimate of PMI’s future claim payments and costs to process claims relating only to PMI’s current inventory of loans in default. Claims paid including LAE includes amounts paid on primary and pool insurance claims and LAE. PMI’s losses and LAE and related claims data are shown in the following table.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | Percentage Change | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | Percentage Change | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in millions, except claim size) | | | | | (Dollars in millions, except claim size) | | | |
Total primary claims paid | | $ | 274.9 | | | $ | 155.3 | | 77.0 | % | | $ | 511.3 | | | $ | 336.0 | | 52.2 | % |
Total pool claims paid | | | 156.9 | | | | 31.0 | | — | | | | 178.3 | | | | 56.9 | | — | |
LAE, supplemental and other | | | 12.5 | | | | 12.8 | | (2.3 | )% | | | 25.7 | | | | 22.4 | | 14.7 | % |
Change in net loss reserves | | | (123.2 | ) | | | 277.7 | | (144.4 | )% | | | (44.1 | ) | | | 441.4 | | (110.0 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Losses and LAE | | $ | 321.1 | | | $ | 476.8 | | (32.7 | )% | | $ | 671.2 | | | $ | 856.7 | | (21.7 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Number of primary claims paid(1) | | | 8,284 | | | | 4,888 | | 69.5 | % | | | 15,176 | | | | 9,317 | | 62.9 | % |
| | | | | | |
Average primary claim size(in thousands) | | $ | 33.2 | | | $ | 31.8 | | 4.4 | % | | $ | 33.7 | | | $ | 36.1 | | (6.6 | )% |
(1) | Amount includes claim denials based upon insured’s inability to perfect claims. |
The increases in the total and number of primary claims paid in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods in 2009 were driven by higher default inventories and higher claim rates due to, among other things, home price declines and high levels of unemployment. Total pool claims paid increased in the first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods of 2009 due to accelerated claim payments associated with the restructuring of certain modified pool contracts in the first half of 2010, which reduced our pool risk in force. In the second quarter and first half of 2010, we decreased net loss reserves by $123.2 million and $44.1 million, respectively, compared to reserve increases of $277.7 million and $441.3 million in the corresponding periods in 2009. The increase in PMI’s default inventories and claim rates in 2008 and 2009 caused us to significantly increase our loss reserves in those years. The second quarter 2010 reserve decrease was due to, among other factors, a decrease in PMI’s primary default inventory from December 31, 2009, a decrease in new notices of default, increased cures, reserve releases related to the payment of claims and accelerated claim payments associated with the restructuring of modified pool contracts. The second quarter 2010 reserve decrease was partially offset by our reduction in the second quarter of our estimates of future rescission and loan modification activity. For a discussion of the impact of our rescission
54
activities on losses and LAE, seeConditions and Trends Affecting our Business—U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations—Rescission Activities,above. The increase in PMI’s average primary claim size in the second quarter of 2010 from the corresponding period in 2009 was driven primarily by delinquencies with higher average loan balances transitioning to settled claim status. The decrease in PMI’s average primary claim size in the first half of 2010 from the corresponding period in 2009 was driven primarily by higher incidences of claim denials, which are settled without payment.
As of June 30, 2010, we ceded $613.6 million in loss reserves primarily to captive reinsurers, which we record as reinsurance recoverables. Reinsurance recoverables do not exceed assets in captive trust accounts. As of June 30, 2010, assets in captive trust accounts held for the benefit of PMI totaled approximately $900.2 million, before quarterly net settlements. SeeConditions and Trends Affecting our Business – U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations – Captives.
Defaults– PMI’s primary mortgage insurance master policies define “default” as the borrower’s failure to pay when due an amount equal to the scheduled installment payment under the terms of the mortgage. Generally, the master policies require an insured to notify PMI of a default no later than the last business day of the month following the month in which the borrower becomes three monthly payments in default. For reporting and internal tracking purposes, we do not consider a loan to be in default until the borrower has missed two consecutive payments. Depending upon its scheduled payment date, a loan in default for two consecutive monthly payments could be reported to PMI between the 31st and the 60th day after the first missed payment due date.
PMI’s primary delinquent roll forward is presented in the tables below.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | | |
Number of policies | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Beginning delinquent inventory | | 147,248 | | | 117,503 | | | 25.3 | % | | 150,925 | | | 109,580 | | | 37.7 | % |
Plus: New notices | | 28,597 | | | 38,007 | | | (24.8 | )% | | 62,865 | | | 81,314 | | | (22.7 | )% |
Less: Cures | | (28,008 | ) | | (22,100 | ) | | 26.7 | % | | (57,573 | ) | | (50,797 | ) | | 13.3 | % |
Less: Paids(1) | | (8,284 | ) | | (4,888 | ) | | 69.5 | % | | (15,176 | ) | | (9,317 | ) | | 62.9 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less: Rescissions | | (1,122 | ) | | (2,091 | ) | | (46.3 | )% | | (2,610 | ) | | (4,349 | ) | | (40.0 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ending delinquent inventory, June 30 | | 138,431 | | | 126,431 | | | 9.5 | % | | 138,431 | | | 126,431 | | | 9.5 | % |
(1) | Claims paid are net of claim reversals and reinstatements. |
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PMI’s primary default data are presented in the table below.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, | | | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | June 30, | | | March 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2009 | | | 2009 | |
Flow channel | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans in default | | 113,438 | | | 120,665 | | | 122,365 | | | 101,027 | | | 93,028 | |
Policies in force | | 577,040 | | | 591,079 | | | 606,240 | | | 638,965 | | | 657,999 | |
Default rate | | 19.66 | % | | 20.41 | % | | 20.18 | % | | 15.81 | % | | 14.14 | % |
| | | | | |
Structured channel | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans in default | | 24,993 | | | 26,583 | | | 28,560 | | | 25,404 | | | 24,475 | |
Policies in force | | 89,164 | | | 92,809 | | | 99,177 | | | 106,586 | | | 110,442 | |
Default rate | | 28.03 | % | | 28.64 | % | | 28.80 | % | | 23.83 | % | | 22.16 | % |
| | | | | |
Total primary | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans in default | | 138,431 | | | 147,248 | | | 150,925 | | | 126,431 | | | 117,503 | |
Policies in force | | 666,204 | | | 683,888 | | | 705,447 | | | 745,551 | | | 768,441 | |
Default rate | | 20.78 | % | | 21.53 | % | | 21.40 | % | | 16.96 | % | | 15.29 | % |
PMI’s modified pool default data are presented in the table below.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, | | | March 31, | | | December 31, | | | June 30, | | | March 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2009 | | | 2009 | |
Modified pool with deductible | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans in default | | 4,186 | | | 10,573 | | | 35,661 | | | 42,227 | | | 39,238 | |
Policies in force | | 36,974 | | | 59,699 | | | 129,472 | | | 185,784 | | | 190,830 | |
Default rate | | 11.32 | % | | 17.71 | % | | 27.54 | % | | 22.73 | % | | 20.56 | % |
| | | | | |
Modified pool without deductible | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans in default | | 8,974 | | | 9,880 | | | 10,363 | | | 10,490 | | | 10,400 | |
Policies in force | | 43,694 | | | 45,252 | | | 48,628 | | | 52,647 | | | 54,123 | |
Default rate | | 20.54 | % | | 21.83 | % | | 21.31 | % | | 19.93 | % | | 19.22 | % |
| | | | | |
Total modified pool | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans in default | | 13,160 | | | 20,453 | | | 46,024 | | | 52,717 | | | 49,638 | |
Policies in force | | 80,668 | | | 104,951 | | | 178,100 | | | 238,431 | | | 244,953 | |
Default rate | | 16.31 | % | | 19.49 | % | | 25.84 | % | | 22.11 | % | | 20.26 | % |
The changes in PMI’s primary and modified pool default inventories in the first half of 2010 are discussed inConditions and Trends Affecting our Business – U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations – Defaultsand Modified Pool,above.
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Total underwriting and operating expenses— PMI’s total underwriting and operating expenses are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | Percentage Change | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | Percentage Change | |
| | 2010 | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | | | | | (Dollars in millions) | | | |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | | $ | 4.2 | | $ | 3.4 | | 23.5 | % | | $ | 8.0 | | $ | 6.5 | | 23.1 | % |
Other underwriting and operating expenses | | | 25.3 | | | 32.9 | | (23.1 | )% | | | 55.6 | | | 66.3 | | (16.1 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total underwriting and operating expenses | | $ | 29.5 | | $ | 36.3 | | (18.7 | )% | | $ | 63.6 | | $ | 72.8 | | (12.6 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Policy acquisition costs incurred and deferred | | $ | 6.0 | | $ | 5.3 | | 13.2 | % | | $ | 11.3 | | $ | 13.0 | | 13.1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
PMI’s policy acquisition costs are those costs that vary with, and are related to, our acquisition, underwriting and processing of new mortgage insurance policies. We defer policy acquisition costs when incurred and amortize these costs in proportion to estimated gross profits for each policy year by type of insurance contract (i.e., monthly, annual and single premium). Policy acquisition costs incurred and deferred are variable and fluctuate with the volume of new insurance applications processed and NIW. The increases in amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs for the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods in 2009 were primarily due to increases in deferred policy acquisition costs. PMI’s deferred policy acquisition cost asset was $44.5 million as of June 30, 2010 compared to $41.3 million as of December 31, 2009 and $38.9 million as of June 30, 2009.
Other underwriting and operating expenses generally consist of all costs that are not attributable to the acquisition of new business and are recorded as expenses when incurred. Other underwriting and operating expenses decreased in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods in 2009 primarily due to the rationalization of our workforce associated with the refocusing on our U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations in 2009.
Interest expense— The increases in interest expense in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods in 2009 were due to the interest from the surplus notes issued by MIC to The PMI Group upon completion of the sale of convertible senior notes in the second quarter of 2010. The surplus notes have a principal balance of $285 million and pay interest at 4.5%.
Equity in earnings from unconsolidated subsidiaries— U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations’ equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries is derived entirely from the results of operations of CMG MI. Equity in losses from CMG MI were $3.9 million and $8.1 million in the second quarter and first half of 2010, respectively, compared to equity in losses of $1.2 million and $3.5 million in the corresponding periods in 2009. Equity in losses from CMG MI in the second quarter and first half of 2010 were primarily the result of higher losses and LAE recorded due to increases in CMG MI’s default inventory.
Income taxes— U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations’ statutory tax rate is 35%. The tax benefit recorded in our U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations segment reflects tax benefits attributable to tax exempt interest and dividends and favorable interim period adjustments, resulting in an effective tax rate of 37.4% and 37.6% for the second quarter and first half of 2010, respectively.
Ratios— PMI’s loss, expense and combined ratios are shown below.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Variance | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | Variance | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | | |
Loss ratio | | 216.4 | % | | 267.6 | % | | (51.2 | ) pps | | 217.5 | % | | 235.5 | % | | (18.0 | ) pps |
Expense ratio | | 20.6 | % | | 21.3 | % | | (0.7 | ) pps | | 20.9 | % | | 20.5 | % | | 0.4 | pps |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Combined ratio | | 237.0 | % | | 288.9 | % | | (51.9 | ) pps | | 238.4 | % | | 256.0 | % | | (17.6 | ) pps |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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PMI’s loss ratio is the ratio of losses and LAE to premiums earned. The loss ratio decreased in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods of 2009 as a result of lower losses and LAE. PMI’s expense ratio is the ratio of total underwriting and operating expenses to net premiums written. The decrease in PMI’s expense ratio in the second quarter of 2010 compared to the corresponding period in 2009 was primarily due to lower total underwriting and operating expenses, partially offset by reductions in the net premiums written. The increase in PMI’s expense ratio in the first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding period in 2009 was primarily due to a decrease in net premiums written which were in excess of the reduction in total underwriting and operating expenses.
Primary NIW— The components of PMI’s primary NIW are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | Percentage Change | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | Percentage Change | |
| | 2010 | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | 2009 | |
Primary NIW: | | (Dollar in millions) | | | | | (Dollar in millions) | | | |
Flow channel | | $ | 1,567 | | $ | 2,001 | | (21.7 | )% | | $ | 2,531 | | $ | 6,848 | | (63.0 | )% |
Structured finance channel | | | — | | | — | | — | | | | — | | | 1 | | (100.0 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total primary NIW | | $ | 1,567 | | $ | 2,001 | | (21.7 | )% | | $ | 2,531 | | $ | 6,849 | | (63.0 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
For a discussion of NIW, seeConditions and Trends Affecting our Business—U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations—NIW,above.
Insurance and risk in force— PMI’s primary insurance in force and primary and pool risk in force are shown in the table below.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of June 30, | | | Percentage Change/ Variance | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | | | | |
Primary insurance in force | | $ | 107,571 | | | $ | 120,219 | | | (10.5 | )% |
Primary risk in force | | | 26,304 | | | | 29,421 | | | (10.6 | )% |
Pool risk in force* | | | 828 | | | | 1,579 | | | (47.6 | )% |
Policy cancellations—primary (year-to-date) | | | 8,655 | | | | 10,896 | | | (20.6 | )% |
Persistency—primary | | | 85.6 | % | | | 82.3 | % | | 3.3 | pps |
* | Includes modified pool and other pool risk in force. |
Primary insurance in force and risk in force as of June 30, 2010 decreased from June 30, 2009 primarily as a result of lower levels of NIW, partially offset by higher persistency. The increase in PMI’s persistency rate in the first half of 2010 reflects lower levels of residential mortgage refinance activity in the insured market, tighter underwriting criteria in the primary market and home price declines.
Modified pool risk in force as of June 30, 2010 was $0.5 billion compared to $0.8 billion and $1.2 billion as of December 31, 2009 and June 30, 2009, respectively. The decreases in modified pool risk in force in the first half of 2010 were primarily due to increasing loss reserves and the restructuring of certain modified pool contracts.
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The following table sets forth the percentages of PMI’s primary risk in force as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 in the ten states with the highest risk in force as of June 30, 2010 in PMI’s primary portfolio:
| | | | | | |
| | Percent of Primary Risk in Force as of June 30, 2010 | | | Percent of Primary Risk in Force as of December 31, 2009 | |
Florida | | 9.9 | % | | 10.1 | % |
Texas | | 7.7 | % | | 7.5 | % |
California | | 7.6 | % | | 7.7 | % |
Illinois | | 5.2 | % | | 5.2 | % |
Georgia | | 4.7 | % | | 4.7 | % |
New York | | 4.0 | % | | 4.0 | % |
Ohio | | 3.9 | % | | 3.9 | % |
Pennsylvania | | 3.4 | % | | 3.4 | % |
New Jersey | | 3.3 | % | | 3.3 | % |
Washington | | 3.3 | % | | 3.2 | % |
Credit and portfolio characteristics— Less-than-A quality loans generally include loans with credit scores less than 620. In the second quarter and first half of 2010, PMI did not write new insurance on less-than-A quality and Alt-A loans. NIW consisting of ARMs (mortgage loans with interest rates that may adjust prior to their fifth anniversary), Above-97s, interest only loans and payment option ARM loans was insignificant in the second quarter and first half of 2010.
The following table presents PMI’s less-than-A quality, Alt-A, ARM, Above-97, interest only and payment option ARM loans as percentages of primary risk in force:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2010 | | | December 31, 2009 | | | June 30, 2009 | |
As a percentage of primary risk in force: | | | | | | | | | |
Less-than-A Quality loans (FICO scores below 620) | | 6.7 | % | | 6.8 | % | | 6.8 | % |
Less-than-A Quality loans with FICO scores below 575* | | 1.7 | % | | 1.7 | % | | 1.8 | % |
Alt-A loans | | 16.3 | % | | 17.0 | % | | 17.6 | % |
ARMs (excluding 2/28 Hybrid ARMs) | | 7.1 | % | | 7.5 | % | | 7.8 | % |
2/28 Hybrid ARMs** | | 1.6 | % | | 1.8 | % | | 2.0 | % |
Above-97s (above 97% LTVs) | | 20.2 | % | | 20.4 | % | | 20.6 | % |
Interest Only | | 10.5 | % | | 10.9 | % | | 11.1 | % |
Payment Option ARMs | | 2.8 | % | | 3.1 | % | | 3.2 | % |
* | Less-than-A quality loans with FICO scores below 575 is a subset of PMI’s less-than-A quality loan portfolio. |
** | 2/28 Hybrid ARMs are loans whose interest rate is fixed for an initial two year period and floats thereafter. |
International Operations
International Operations’ results include continuing operations of PMI Europe and PMI Canada:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | |
| | 2010 | | 2009 | | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | | |
| | (USD in millions) | | | | | | (USD in millions) | | | | |
PMI Europe | | $ | 4.6 | | $ | (14.1 | ) | | (132.6 | )% | | $ | 5.1 | | | $ | (6.6 | ) | | (177.3 | )% |
PMI Canada | | | — | | | 0.7 | | | (100.0 | )% | | | (0.5 | ) | | | (0.1 | ) | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 4.6 | | $ | (13.4 | ) | | (134.3 | )% | | $ | 4.6 | | | $ | (6.7 | ) | | (168.7 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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PMI Europe
The table below sets forth the financial results of PMI Europe:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | | |
| | (USD in millions) | | | | | | (USD in millions) | | | | |
Net premiums written | | $ | 0.3 | | | $ | (0.5 | ) | | (160.0 | )% | | $ | 1.0 | | | $ | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premiums earned | | $ | 1.1 | | | $ | 3.3 | | | (66.7 | )% | | $ | 2.4 | | | $ | 5.6 | | | (57.1 | )% |
Net gains from credit default swaps | | | 0.5 | | | | 7.0 | | | (92.9 | )% | | | 2.2 | | | | 14.8 | | | (85.1 | )% |
Net investment income (loss) | | | 2.3 | | | | (0.4 | ) | | — | | | | 3.8 | | | | 4.3 | | | (11.6 | )% |
Net realized gains (losses) | | | — | | | | 0.1 | | | (100.0 | )% | | | 0.3 | | | | (1.2 | ) | | (125.0 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 3.9 | | | | 10.0 | | | (61.0 | )% | | | 8.7 | | | | 23.5 | | | (63.0 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Losses and LAE | | | (0.7 | ) | | | 3.8 | | | (118.4 | )% | | | (0.3 | ) | | | 6.8 | | | (104.4 | )% |
Other underwriting and operating expenses | | | 1.0 | | | | 4.0 | | | (75.0 | )% | | | 2.6 | | | | 6.7 | | | (61.2 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total losses and expenses | | | 0.3 | | | | 7.8 | | | (96.2 | )% | | | 2.3 | | | | 13.5 | | | (83.0 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before taxes | | | 3.6 | | | | 2.2 | | | 63.6 | % | | | 6.4 | | | | 10.0 | | | (36.0 | )% |
Income tax (benefit) expense | | | (1.0 | ) | | | 16.3 | | | (106.1 | )% | | | 1.3 | | | | 16.6 | | | (92.2 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 4.6 | | | $ | (14.1 | ) | | (132.6 | )% | | $ | 5.1 | | | $ | (6.6 | ) | | (177.3 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The average USD/Euro currency exchange rate was 1.2728 and 1.3278 for the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to 1.3618 and 1.3349 for the corresponding periods in 2009. The changes in the average USD/Euro currency exchange rates from 2009 to 2010 did not significantly impact PMI Europe’s financial results in the second quarter and first half of 2010.
Premiums written and earned— Net premiums written consist of quarterly and annual premiums due on insurance in force. Net premiums earned decreased in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods of 2009 due to the decision in 2008 to cease writing new business through PMI Europe and the commutation of several transactions in 2009. As PMI Europe’s insurance in force continues to age, we expect premiums earned to continue to decline.
Net gains from credit default swaps— As of June 30, 2010, PMI Europe was a party to five credit default swap (“CDS”) contracts classified as derivatives, compared to twelve transactions as of June 30, 2009. We recorded net gains of $0.5 million and $2.2 million on CDS contracts for the second quarter and first half of 2010, respectively, compared to net gains of $7.0 million and $14.8 million for the corresponding periods in 2009. Net gains in 2010 from CDS contracts resulted primarily from changes in the fair value of the derivative contracts in the quarter, resulting from income earned in the quarter and the reversal of unrealized losses as the contracts continue to age. Net gains in 2009 were primarily a result of changes in the estimated exit value of contracts during the period resulting from changes in our non-performance risk due to the widening of our CDS spreads during the period.
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Net investment income— PMI Europe’s net investment income consists primarily of interest income from cash and short term investments and foreign exchange gains or losses arising from the revaluation of short term monetary assets. The increase in net investment income for the second quarter of 2010 compared to the corresponding period in 2009 was primarily due to foreign exchange remeasurement gains on short term monetary assets arising from the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Euro. The decrease in net investment income for the first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding period in 2009 was primarily due to a decrease in pre-tax book yield. The pre-tax book yield was 2.0% and 2.7% as of June 30, 2010 and 2009. The reduction in book yield is primarily a result of the conversion of some of our Euro and Sterling assets into U.S. assets during 2010. We liquidated a majority of PMI Europe’s Sterling denominated investment portfolio into U.S. dollar in the second quarter of 2010 and is held as cash as of June 30, 2010.
Losses and LAE— PMI Europe’s losses and LAE includes claim payments, changes in reserves and reductions in the premium deficiency reserve of $0.6 million and $1.3 million on PMI Europe’s primary portfolio for the second quarter and first half of 2010, respectively. The reductions in the premium deficiency reserve are the result of lower estimated lifetime losses on our primary portfolio. Losses and LAE in the second quarter and first half of 2010 were primarily driven by reserve decreases related to reinsurance of U.S. subprime exposures. Losses and LAE for the second quarter and first half of 2009 were primarily driven by reserve increases relating to new defaults in the Italian mortgage insurance portfolio as well as increases in reserves related to reinsurance of U.S. subprime exposures.
Underwriting and operating expenses— PMI Europe’s underwriting and operating expenses decreased in the first half of 2010 compared to the same period in 2009 due to the cessation of new business writings and commutations that reduced insurance in force.
Income taxes— As a result of appreciation in PMI Europe’s investment portfolio, we reduced our valuation allowance related to certain tax assets we expect to utilize in PMI Europe which generated a tax benefit of $1.1 million during the first half of 2010. In addition, PMI Europe’s tax expense was higher in the first half of 2010 than the corresponding period of 2009 because we did not include U.S. federal income tax on the undistributed earnings from foreign subsidiaries in the first half of 2009, as they were deemed permanently reinvested at the time.
Risk in force— PMI Europe’s risk in force was $1.9 billion as of June 30, 2010, $2.1 billion as of March 31, 2010 and $4.9 billion at December 31, 2009. The decrease in 2010 was primarily due to foreign currency translation resulting from the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Euro and a counterparty exercising a call option in respect of two CDS transactions in March 2010.
PMI Canada
The table below sets forth the financial results of PMI Canada. PMI Canada is not writing new business.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | |
| | 2010 | | 2009 | | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | | |
| | (USD in millions) | | | | | | (USD in millions) | | | | |
Total revenues (expenses) | | $ | 0.4 | | $ | (0.3 | ) | | — | | | $ | 0.5 | | | $ | (0.5 | ) | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Losses and LAE | | | 0.1 | | | 0.2 | | | (50.0 | )% | | | 0.4 | | | | 0.4 | | | — | |
Underwriting and operating expenses | | | 0.3 | | | 0.3 | | | — | | | | 0.6 | | | | 0.6 | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total losses and expenses | | | 0.4 | | | 0.5 | | | (20.0 | )% | | | 1.0 | | | | 1.0 | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss before taxes | | | — | | | (0.8 | ) | | (100.0 | )% | | | (0.5 | ) | | | (1.5 | ) | | (66.7 | )% |
Income tax benefit | | | — | | | (1.5 | ) | | (100.0 | )% | | | — | | | | (1.4 | ) | | (100.0 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | — | | $ | 0.7 | | | (100.0 | )% | | $ | (0.5 | ) | | $ | (0.1 | ) | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues increased in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods of 2009 primarily due to an increase in investment income. PMI Canada added a premium deficiency reserve of $0.2 million in the first half of 2010 as a result of the re-assessment of losses.
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Corporate and Other
Effective December 31, 2009, we combined our “Financial Guaranty” and “Corporate and Other” segments for all periods presented. The results of our Corporate and Other segment include income and operating expenses related to contract underwriting, which we discontinued in April 2009; net investment income, interest expense, corporate overhead of The PMI Group, our holding company; and equity in earnings (losses) from our former investments in RAM Re and FGIC, whose carrying values are zero as a result of our impairments of the investments in 2008. Our Corporate and Other segment results are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | | | Percentage Change | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | | | | | | (Dollars in millions) | | | | |
Net investment income | | $ | 0.1 | | | $ | 0.8 | | | (87.5 | )% | | $ | 0.3 | | | $ | 2.7 | | | (88.9 | )% |
Net realized investment gains | | | 0.3 | | | | — | | | — | | | | 0.3 | | | | — | | | — | |
Change in fair value of certain debt instruments | | | (47.7 | ) | | | (39.1 | ) | | 22.0 | % | | | (88.5 | ) | | | (20.6 | ) | | — | |
Other income (loss) | | | — | | | | 0.1 | | | (100.0 | )% | | | (0.1 | ) | | | 2.4 | | | (104.2 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | (47.3 | ) | | | (38.2 | ) | | 23.8 | % | | | (88.0 | ) | | | (15.5 | ) | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Share-based compensation expense | | | 0.8 | | | | 1.3 | | | (38.5 | )% | | | 1.9 | | | | 3.0 | | | (36.7 | )% |
Other operating expenses | | | 0.4 | | | | 1.8 | | | (77.8 | )% | | | 1.3 | | | | 3.8 | | | (65.8 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total other operating expenses | | | 1.2 | | | | 3.1 | | | (61.3 | )% | | | 3.2 | | | | 6.8 | | | (52.9 | )% |
Interest expense | | | 10.1 | | | | 11.7 | | | (13.7 | )% | | | 19.5 | | | | 23.6 | | | (17.4 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 11.3 | | | | 14.8 | | | (23.6 | )% | | | 22.7 | | | | 30.4 | | | (25.3 | )% |
Losses before equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries and income taxes | | | (58.6 | ) | | | (53.0 | ) | | 10.6 | % | | | (110.7 | ) | | | (45.9 | ) | | 141.2 | % |
Equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries | | | — | | | | (0.2 | ) | | (100.0 | )% | | | (0.2 | ) | | | (0.3 | ) | | (33.3 | )% |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss before income taxes | | | (58.6 | ) | | | (53.2 | ) | | 10.2 | % | | | (110.9 | ) | | | (46.2 | ) | | 140.0 | % |
Income tax benefit | | | (19.1 | ) | | | (19.8 | ) | | (3.5 | )% | | | (36.1 | ) | | | (18.4 | ) | | 96.2 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (39.5 | ) | | $ | (33.4 | ) | | 18.3 | % | | $ | (74.8 | ) | | $ | (27.8 | ) | | 169.1 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income–Net investment income decreased in the second quarter and first half of 2010 primarily due to a decline in investable assets at the holding company and our investment book yield.
Net realized investment gains–Net realized investment gains increased in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods in 2009 due primarily to the sale of common stock.
Change in fair value of certain debt instruments – In the second quarter and first half of 2010, our total revenues were reduced by $47.7 million and $88.5 million, respectively, as a result of the increase in the fair value of our debt. This increase in fair value was due largely to the narrowing of credit spreads in the periods. In the second quarter and first half of 2009, our total revenues were reduced by $39.1 million and $20.6 million, respectively, as a result of the increase in the fair value of our debt.
Other income –Other income decreased in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the second quarter and first half of 2009 primarily due to our cessation of contract underwriting services in the second quarter of 2009.
Share-based compensation expense— The decrease in share-based compensation expense in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods in 2009 was primarily due to decreases in the fair value of share-based compensation and the number of stock units granted in the second quarter and first half of 2010.
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Other operating expenses— Other operating expenses decreased in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods of 2009 primarily due to the cessation of contract underwriting services.
Interest expense— As a result of paying down our line of credit from $200 million to $125 million in 2009 and from $125 million to $50 million in the second quarter of 2010 following the completion of our capital offerings, we paid lower interest and fees in the second quarter and first half of 2010 than in the corresponding periods in 2009.
Equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries— The equity in losses from unconsolidated subsidiaries decreased in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods in 2009 due to the decrease in losses from limited partnership investments.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources and Uses of Funds
The PMI Group Liquidity— The PMI Group is a holding company and conducts its business operations through various subsidiaries. The PMI Group’s liquidity is primarily dependent upon: (i) The PMI Group’s subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends to The PMI Group; (ii) financing activities in the capital markets; (iii) maturing or refunded investments and investment income from The PMI Group’s investment portfolio; and (iv) receivables from MIC with respect to tax sharing agreements. The PMI Group’s ability to access dividend and financing sources is limited and depends on, among other things, the financial performance of The PMI Group’s subsidiaries, regulatory restrictions on the ability of The PMI Group’s insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends, The PMI Group’s and its subsidiaries’ ratings by the rating agencies, and restrictions and agreements to which The PMI Group or its subsidiaries are subject that restrict their ability to pay dividends, incur debt or issue equity securities. MIC did not pay dividends to The PMI Group in 2009 or the first half of 2010 and we do not expect that MIC will be able to pay dividends during the second half of 2010. The economic downturn has reduced the value of The PMI Group’s investment portfolio, and we expect the portfolio could be adversely affected to the extent the dislocation in the credit markets and economic downturn worsens.
The PMI Group’s principal uses of liquidity are the payment of operating costs, principal and interest on its capital instruments and dividends to shareholders, repurchases of its common shares, purchases of investments, and capital investments in and for its subsidiaries. The PMI Group’s available funds, consisting of cash and cash equivalents and investments, were $94.7 million at June 30, 2010 compared to $81.9 million at June 30, 2009. The increase in The PMI Group’s available funds was due to our concurrent public offerings of common stock and convertible debt in the second quarter of 2010 of which a portion of the proceeds were contributed to MIC. We believe there is currently sufficient liquidity at the holding company to pay holding company expenses (including interest expense on its outstanding debt) through 2011 and PMI has sufficient assets to meet its obligations through 2011.
Second Quarter 2010 Capital Offerings –In the second quarter of 2010, we completed the sale of 77,765,000 shares of our common stock and $285 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020 (“Convertible Notes”) and received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $732 million. Of these aggregate net proceeds, The PMI Group contributed approximately $610 million to MIC in the form of capital and two surplus notes with aggregate face amounts of $285 million (the “Surplus Notes”).
The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 4.50% per annum and mature on April 15, 2020. Holders may convert their Convertible Notes prior to January 15, 2020, only in specified circumstances, and holders may convert their Convertible Notes at any time thereafter until the second business day preceding maturity. The Convertible Notes will be convertible at an initial conversion rate of 127.5307 shares of common stock per $1,000
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principal amount of Convertible Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $7.84 per share. Upon conversion, we may deliver cash, shares of our common stock or a combination thereof, at our option. We may redeem the Convertible Notes in whole or in part on or after April 15, 2015, if the last reported sale price of our common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price then in effect for 20 or more trading days in a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the trading day immediately prior to the date of redemption notice. The redemption price will be equal to the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be redeemed plus accrued but unpaid interest plus a specified “make whole” premium.
The terms of the Surplus Notes provide for interest, principal and redemption payments that are generally concurrent with and equivalent to the payment of interest principal and redemptions with respect to the Convertible Notes or cash settlement of the Convertible Notes once such conversions exceed a specified level. The Surplus Notes mature on April 10, 2020 and pay interest semiannually in arrears on April 10 and October 10 of each year (commencing on October 10, 2010) at a fixed annual rate of 4.50%. All interest payments and principal repayments on the Surplus Notes and early redemption of the Surplus Notes are subject to the prior approval of the Arizona Insurance Department (“Department”), which has issued a letter to PMI pre-approving regularly scheduled interest payments to The PMI Group on the Surplus Notes. The pre-approval may be rescinded by the Department at any time in its sole discretion.
Credit Facility
Pursuant to the terms of our credit facility, The PMI Group was required to use 33% of the net proceeds from its concurrent common stock and Convertible Notes offerings to repay the outstanding indebtedness under the credit facility, subject to a maximum repayment amount of $75 million. Accordingly, The PMI Group used $75 million of the net proceeds from the offerings to pay down the credit facility from $124.8 million to $49.8 million; the total maximum amount of the lenders’ commitments is $50.0 million. In April 2010, in connection with the offerings, we amended our credit facility. As part of the amendment, the net worth requirement was removed as a financial covenant.
The credit facility also places certain limitations on our ability to pay dividends on our common stock, including a per year cap of $0.01 per share, subject to an annual aggregate limit of $5 million, and a prohibition from declaring any dividend at any time MIC is prohibited from writing new mortgage insurance by any state in the U.S. We do not expect that our Board of Directors will declare a quarterly dividend for the foreseeable future.
The QBE Note
In connection with the sale of PMI Australia, MIC received approximately $746 million in cash and a contingent note (the “QBE Note”) in the principal amount of approximately $187 million, with interest accruing through September 2011 when it matures and is payable. In May 2009, The PMI Group purchased the QBE Note from MIC. The actual amount owed under the QBE Note is subject to reduction to the extent that the sum of (i) claims paid between June 30, 2008 and June 30, 2011, with respect to PMI Australia’s policies in force at June 30, 2008, (ii) increases in reserves with respect to such policies at June 30, 2011 as compared to June 30, 2008 and (iii) projected ultimate unpaid losses in excess of such reserves as of June 30, 2011 (together, the “ultimate projected losses”) exceeds $237.6 million (50% of the unearned premium reserve of such policies at June 30, 2008). Based on the information made available to us on the performance of such PMI Australia policies through June 30, 2010, we do not currently expect that, as of June 30, 2010, ultimate projected losses with respect to such policies will exceed $237.6 million. However, we have not yet received the report prepared by an independent actuary for the quarter ended June 30, 2010 (as described below). The last such report that we received was for the period ended March 31, 2010. The ultimate performance of the PMI Australia policies will depend, among other things, on the performance of the Australian housing market and economy over the next several years and other factors that are beyond our control and difficult to predict with any degree of certainty. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that the performance of the PMI Australia policies will not deteriorate in the future or that any such deterioration will not reduce the amount due on the QBE Note.
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We pledged the QBE Note to the lenders under the credit facility. Under the terms of the credit facility, the size of the credit facility may be reduced by the amount necessary to cause the aggregate commitment of the lenders to be equal to or less than 80% of the estimated value of the QBE Note determined from time to time pursuant to procedures set forth in the credit facility. Under these procedures, the value of the QBE Note is subject to reduction on account of losses that reduce the amount of the QBE Note pursuant to the agreement with QBE as described above. In addition, under the credit facility, we are required to provide the lenders with quarterly reports, prepared by an independent actuary, with respect to the estimated loss performance of PMI Australia’s insurance policies as of June 30, 2008, pending the ultimate determination of the amount, if any, by which the QBE Note will be reduced. The credit facility requires that for purposes of determining the commitment under the credit facility, the value of the QBE Note will be reduced to the extent that such a quarterly report forecasts that ultimate projected losses will exceed $237.6 million. In the exercise of its professional judgment, we expect that the independent actuary will consider a variety of factors, including its expectations as to the performance of the Australian housing market and economy and their effect on the loss performance of such insurance policies. To date, such reports (the latest one being issued for the quarter ended March 31, 2010) have not resulted in a decrease in the value accorded to the QBE Note for purposes of the credit facility. See Part I, Item IA. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, Risk Factors - If the value of the contingent note we received in connection with our sale of PMI Australia is reduced, our financial condition could suffer.
Dividends to The PMI Group
MIC’s ability to pay dividends to The PMI Group is affected by state insurance laws, credit agreements, rating agencies, the discretion of insurance regulatory authorities and our agreement with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac relating to PMAC. The laws of Arizona, MIC’s state of domicile for insurance regulatory purposes, provide that MIC may pay dividends out of any available surplus account, without prior approval of the Director of the Arizona Department of Insurance (“Arizona Director”), during any 12-month period in an amount not to exceed the lesser of 10% of policyholders’ surplus as of the preceding year end or the prior calendar year’s net investment income. A dividend that exceeds the foregoing threshold is deemed an “extraordinary dividend” and requires the prior approval of the Arizona Director. We do not anticipate that MIC will pay any dividends to The PMI Group in 2010.
Other states may also limit or restrict MIC’s ability to pay shareholder dividends. For example, California and New York prohibit mortgage insurers from declaring dividends except from the surplus of undivided profits over the aggregate of their paid-in capital, paid-in surplus and contingency reserves. MIC’s ability to pay dividends is also subject to restriction under the terms of a runoff support agreement with Allstate Insurance Company (“Allstate”), described below underCapital Constraints.
MIC’s ability to pay dividends is also limited by the terms of our agreements with the GSEs’ relating to PMAC. Under the agreements, MIC may not, without the GSEs’ prior written consent, pay dividends or make distributions or payments of indebtedness outside the ordinary course of business or in excess of specified levels. Notwithstanding these restrictions, our agreements with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac permit MIC to make dividend, interest and principal payments in connection with the issuance of certain new debt or equity instruments up to specified levels.
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U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations Liquidity—The principal uses of U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations’ liquidity are the payment of operating expenses, claim payments, taxes, dividends to The PMI Group and the growth of its investment portfolio. The principal sources of U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations’ liquidity are the investment portfolio, including cash and cash equivalents, written premiums, net investment income and capital contributed from its holding company (TPG).
International Operations Liquidity—The principal uses of this segment’s liquidity are the payment of operating expenses, claim payments, and taxes. The principal sources of this segment’s liquidity are written premiums, investment maturities and net investment income.
Capital Constraints
Although we raised capital in the second quarter of 2010, there remains significant uncertainty as to the ultimate level and timing of PMI’s losses from its existing insurance portfolio. If PMI’s losses or timing exceed our current projections, we may require additional capital.The amount and timing of capital required, if any, is affected by a variety of factors, many of which are difficult to predict and may be outside of our control.
These factors include, among others:
| • | | the performance of our U.S. mortgage insurance operations, which is affected by, among other things, the economy, default and cure rates and losses and LAE; |
| • | | levels of new insurance written; |
| • | | our ability to comply with capital adequacy requirements imposed by regulators or third parties; |
| • | | GSEs’ and rating agencies’ requirements and determinations; |
| • | | performance of our investment portfolio and the extent to which issuers of fixed-income securities that we own default on principal and interest payments or the extent to which we are required to impair portions of the portfolio as a result of deteriorating capital markets; |
| • | | covenants and event of default triggers in our credit facility; |
| • | | the performance of PMI Europe, which is affected by the U.S. and European mortgage markets and, among other things, changes in the fair value of CDS derivative contracts resulting from the widening of RMBS credit spreads; and |
| • | | any requirements to provide capital under the PMI Europe or CMG MI capital support agreements (discussed under Capital Support Obligations below). |
Under the terms of the Allstate runoff support agreement, MIC is subject to restrictions that may apply if its risk-to-capital ratio exceeds 23 to 1. Under the runoff support agreement, among other things, MIC may not declare or pay dividends at any time that its risk-to-capital ratio equals or exceeds 23 to 1 or if such a dividend would cause its risk-to-capital ratio to equal or exceed 23 to 1. In addition, if MIC’s risk-to-capital ratio equals or exceeds 23 to 1 at three consecutive monthly measurement dates, MIC may not enter into new insurance or reinsurance contracts without the consent of Allstate. Following such time as MIC’s risk-to-capital ratio were to exceed 24.5 to 1, the runoff support agreement requires MIC to transfer substantially all of its liquid assets to a trust account for the payment of MIC’s obligations to policyholders, therefore negatively affecting MIC’s and The PMI Group’s liquidity position. The original risk-in-force on policies covered under the Allstate runoff support agreement has been reduced from approximately $13 billion in 1994 to approximately $39.3 million as of June 30, 2010 (less than 1% of the total original risk-in-force).
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Consolidated Contractual Obligations
Our consolidated contractual obligations include reserves for losses and LAE, long-term debt obligations, credit default swap obligations, operating lease obligations, and purchase obligations. Most of our purchase obligations are capital expenditure commitments that will be used for technology improvements. We have lease obligations under certain non-cancelable operating leases. In addition, we may be committed to fund, if called upon to do so, $2.7 million of additional equity in certain limited partnership investments.
Consolidated Investments
Net Investment Income
Net investment income consists of:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | | | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Fixed income securities | | $ | 20,068 | | | $ | 24,987 | | | $ | 43,687 | | | $ | 49,219 | |
Equity securities | | | 2,768 | | | | 4,302 | | | | 5,869 | | | | 8,796 | |
Short-term investments, cash and cash equivalents and other | | | 1,766 | | | | 157 | | | | 2,583 | | | | 6,616 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment income before expenses | | | 24,602 | | | | 29,446 | | | | 52,139 | | | | 64,631 | |
Investment expenses | | | (741 | ) | | | (330 | ) | | | (1,590 | ) | | | (910 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income | | $ | 23,861 | | | $ | 29,116 | | | $ | 50,549 | | | $ | 63,721 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The decrease in net investment income in the second quarter and first half of 2010 compared to the corresponding periods in 2009 were primarily due to a decrease in our pre-tax book yield. Our consolidated pre-tax book yield was 2.8% and 3.2% as of June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively. This decrease in our consolidated pre-tax book yield was primarily due to a lower pre-tax yield on cash and cash equivalent investments and a lower balance of preferred stock investments, which have higher pre-tax yields than other types of fixed income investments, and the purchase of lower yield government, corporate, and foreign agency bonds for the short term portfolio which replaced the lower maturity, higher yield municipal bonds sold in the second quarter of 2010.
Our investment policies and strategies are subject to change depending on regulatory, economic and market conditions and our financial condition and operating requirements, including our tax position. In response to recent operating losses, investments in tax-advantaged securities have been reduced and proceeds redeployed into higher yielding taxable securities which should continue in the second half of 2010.
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Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses)
Net realized investment gains (losses) on investments are composed of:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, | | | Six Months Ended June 30, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Fixed income securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross gains | | $ | 3,146 | | | $ | 20,990 | | | $ | 9,041 | | | $ | 21,818 | |
Gross losses | | | (3,706 | ) | | | (758 | ) | | | (5,188 | ) | | | (3,165 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (losses) gains | | | (560 | ) | | | 20,232 | | | | 3,853 | | | | 18,653 | |
Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross gains | | | 281 | | | | 4,034 | | | | 3,773 | | | | 4,034 | |
Gross losses | | | — | | | | (769 | ) | | | (148 | ) | | | (5,067 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net gains (losses) | | | 281 | | | | 3,265 | | | | 3,625 | | | | (1,033 | ) |
Short-term investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net gains (losses) | | | 676 | | | | (105 | ) | | | 352 | | | | (279 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net realized investment gains before income taxes | | | 397 | | | | 23,392 | | | | 7,830 | | | | 17,341 | |
Income tax expense | | | 139 | | | | 8,187 | | | | 2,740 | | | | 6,069 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total net realized investment gains after income taxes | | $ | 258 | | | $ | 15,205 | | | $ | 5,090 | | | $ | 11,272 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net realized investment gains for the first half of 2010 resulted primarily from sales of municipal bonds and equity securities. Net realized investment gains for the first half of 2009 includes a $0.5 million loss related to our other-than-temporary impairment of certain preferred securities in our U.S. investment portfolio and a $0.3 million loss related to fixed income securities in our International investment portfolio. Upon adoption of Topic 320 on April 1, 2009, we recognized a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings and accumulated other comprehensive income for the non-credit portion of previously recorded impairments of debt securities in the amount of $2.5 million; $1.1 million of these losses were recorded in the first quarter of 2009 and $1.4 million of the losses were recorded in previous years. We did not record impairments in the second quarter and first half of 2010.
Investment Portfolio by Operating Segment
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the consolidated investment portfolio as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009. Amounts shown under “International Operations” consist of the investment portfolios of PMI Europe and PMI Canada. Amounts shown under “Corporate and Other” consist of the investment portfolio of The PMI Group.
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| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations | | International Operations | | Corporate and Other | | Consolidated Total |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
June 30, 2010 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. Municipal bonds | | $ | 1,591,863 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 1,591,863 |
Foreign governments | | | — | | | 35,341 | | | — | | | 35,341 |
Corporate bonds | | | 208,633 | | | 66,344 | | | — | | | 274,977 |
FDIC corporate bonds | | | 133,571 | | | 11,622 | | | — | | | 145,193 |
U.S. government and agencies | | | 65,027 | | | 13,932 | | | — | | | 78,959 |
Asset-backed securities | | | 54,342 | | | — | | | — | | | 54,342 |
Mortgage-backed securities | | | 2,538 | | | — | | | 1,906 | | | 4,444 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total fixed income securities | | | 2,055,974 | | | 127,239 | | | 1,906 | | | 2,185,119 |
Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common stocks | | | 28,877 | | | — | | | — | | | 28,877 |
Preferred stocks | | | 163,823 | | | — | | | — | | | 163,823 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total equity securities | | | 192,700 | | | — | | | — | | | 192,700 |
Short-term investments | | | 1,117 | | | 23 | | | — | | | 1,140 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investments | | $ | 2,249,791 | | $ | 127,262 | | $ | 1,906 | | $ | 2,378,959 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations | | International Operations | | Corporate and Other | | Consolidated Total |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
December 31, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed income securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. Municipal bonds | | $ | 2,052,174 | | $ | — | | $ | 13,221 | | $ | 2,065,395 |
Foreign governments | | | — | | | 46,033 | | | — | | | 46,033 |
Corporate bonds | | | 4,649 | | | 82,811 | | | — | | | 87,460 |
FDIC corporate bonds | | | 131,666 | | | 7,742 | | | — | | | 139,408 |
U.S. government and agencies | | | 3,981 | | | 7,013 | | | 146 | | | 11,140 |
Mortgage-backed securities | | | 3,280 | | | — | | | 2,472 | | | 5,752 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total fixed income securities | | | 2,195,750 | | | 143,599 | | | 15,839 | | | 2,355,188 |
Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common stocks | | | 29,090 | | | — | | | — | | | 29,090 |
Preferred stocks | | | 186,023 | | | — | | | — | | | 186,023 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total equity securities | | | 215,113 | | | — | | | — | | | 215,113 |
Short-term investments | | | 999 | | | 23 | | | 1,210 | | | 2,232 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total investments | | $ | 2,411,862 | | $ | 143,622 | | $ | 17,049 | | $ | 2,572,533 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Our consolidated investment portfolio holds primarily investment grade securities comprised of readily marketable fixed income and equity securities. The fair value of these securities in our consolidated investment portfolio decreased to $2.4 billion as of June 30, 2010 from $2.6 billion as of December 31, 2009.
Our consolidated investment portfolio consists primarily of publicly traded municipal bonds, preferred stocks, corporate bonds, U.S. and foreign government bonds and asset-backed securities. In accordance with Topic 320, our entire investment portfolio is designated as available-for-sale and reported at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Our investment policies and strategies are subject to change depending on regulatory, economic and market conditions and our financial condition and operating requirements, including our tax position.
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The following table summarizes the rating distributions of our consolidated investment portfolio (including cash and cash equivalents, excluding common stocks) as of June 30, 2010:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations | | | International Operations | | | Corporate and Other | | | Consolidated Total | |
AAA or equivalent | | 52 | % | | 67 | % | | 100 | % | | 54 | % |
AA | | 25 | % | | 6 | % | | — | | | 23 | % |
A | | 20 | % | | 22 | % | | — | | | 20 | % |
BBB | | 3 | % | | 3 | % | | — | | | 3 | % |
Below investment grade | | — | | | 2 | % | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 100 | % | | 100 | % | | 100 | % | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of June 30, 2010, approximately $824.6 million, or 24.5% of our consolidated investment portfolio (including cash and cash equivalents, excluding common stocks) was insured by monoline financial guarantors. The financial guarantors include AMBAC, NPFG, FGIC, AGC, AGMC and others. The table below presents the fair value of securities and the percentage of our consolidated investment portfolio that are insured by these financial guarantors as of June 30, 2010.
| | | | | | |
| | Fair Value (in thousands) | | % of Consolidated Investments | |
NPFG | | $ | 302,279 | | 9.0 | % |
AMBAC | | | 258,169 | | 7.7 | % |
AGC | | | 106,585 | | 3.2 | % |
AGMC | | | 105,016 | | 3.1 | % |
Other | | | 34,583 | | 1.0 | % |
FGIC | | | 18,015 | | 0.5 | % |
| | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 824,647 | | 24.5 | % |
| | | | | | |
We do not rely on the financial guarantees as a principal source of repayment when evaluating securities for purchase. Rather, securities are evaluated primarily based on the underlying issuer’s credit quality. During 2008, several of the financial guarantors listed above were downgraded by one or more of the rating agencies. A downgrade of a financial guarantor may have an adverse effect on the fair value of investments insured by the downgraded financial guarantor. If we determine that declines in the fair values of our investments are other-than-temporary, we record a realized loss. The table below illustrates the underlying rating distributions of our consolidated investment portfolio (including cash and cash equivalents, excluding common stocks) as of June 30, 2010, excluding the benefit of the financial guarantees provided by these financial guarantors. Underlying ratings, excluding the benefit of financial guarantors, are based upon the higher underlying rating assigned by S&P or Moody’s when an underlying rating exists from either rating agency.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations | | | International Operations | | | Corporate and Other | | | Consolidated Total | |
AAA or equivalent | | 43 | % | | 67 | % | | 100 | % | | 46 | % |
AA | | 31 | % | | 6 | % | | — | | | 29 | % |
A | | 23 | % | | 22 | % | | — | | | 22 | % |
BBB | | 3 | % | | 3 | % | | — | | | 3 | % |
Below investment grade | | — | | | 2 | % | | — | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | 100 | % | | 100 | % | | 100 | % | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Capital Support Obligations
MIC has a capital support agreement with PMI Europe, with a corresponding guarantee from The PMI Group, under which MIC may be required to make additional capital contributions from time-to-time as necessary to maintain PMI Europe’s minimum capital requirements. Under the PMI Europe capital support agreement, MIC also guarantees timely payment of PMI Europe’s obligations. MIC also has a capital support agreement whereby it agreed to contribute funds, under specified conditions, to maintain CMG MI’s risk-to-capital ratio at or below 19.0 to 1. MIC’s obligation under the CMG MI capital support agreement is limited to an aggregate of $37.7 million. As of June 30, 2010, CMG MI’s risk-to-capital ratio was 17.7 to 1. MIC has a capital support agreement with PMI Canada; however, we believe it is unlikely there is any remaining material support obligation under such agreement, as we have ceased writing new business through our Canadian operations.
Cash Flows
On a consolidated basis, our principal sources of funds are cash flows generated by our insurance subsidiaries and investment income derived from our investment portfolios. One of the primary goals of our cash management policy is to ensure that we have sufficient funds on hand to pay obligations when they are due. We believe that we have sufficient cash to meet these and other of our short- and medium-term obligations. We believe that we currently have sufficient liquidity at our holding company to pay holding company expenses (including interest expense on our outstanding debt) through 2011. The PMI Group currently has sufficient funds or other sources of liquidity to enable it to repay our credit facility if the obligation is required to be repaid prior to maturity.
Consolidated cash flows used in operating activities, including premiums, investment income, underwriting and operating expenses and losses, were $517.9 million in the first half of 2010 compared to consolidated cash flows used in operating activities of $55.7 million in the first half of 2009. Cash flows used in operations increased in the first half of 2010 compared to the first half of 2009 primarily due to increases in claim payments from PMI along with a decrease in net premiums written due to the decline in insurance in force. We expect cash flows from operating activities to be negatively affected throughout 2010 due to payment of claims from loss reserves recorded by PMI in 2008, 2009 and 2010, the continued reduction in premiums written due to continued decline of insurance in force and the decline in net investment income due to lower investment balances and lower investment yields.
Consolidated cash flows provided by investing activities in the first half of 2010, including purchases and sales of investments and capital expenditures, were $205.3 million compared to consolidated cash flows used in investing activities of $88.1 million in the first half of 2009. The change in cash flows provided by investing activities in the first half of 2010 compared to cash flows used in investing activities in the first half of 2009 was due primarily to proceeds from sales and maturities of fixed income and equity securities. We believe we continue to maintain significant cash and cash equivalents available to pay current and future obligations.
Consolidated cash flows provided by financing activities were $654.5 million in the first half of 2010 compared to consolidated cash flows used in financing activities of $74.9 million in the first half of 2009. The change in cash flows provided by financing activities was due primarily to the sale of additional common stock and the Convertible Notes in the second quarter of 2010.
Ratings
The rating agencies have assigned the following ratings to certain of The PMI Group’s subsidiaries and equity investee subsidiaries:
| | | | | | |
| | Standard & Poor’s | | Moody’s | | Fitch |
Financial Strength Ratings | | | | | | |
PMI Mortgage Insurance Co. | | B+ | | B2 | | NR |
CMG MI | | BBB | | NR | | BBB |
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Recent Developments Relating to Mortgage Insurance Companies Ratings
On April 27, 2010, Moody’s affirmed the ‘B2’ insurance financial strength rating of PMI Mortgage Insurance Co. Moody’s also changed the rating outlook to positive from negative. This rating action was prompted by our public offerings. Moody’s noted that the positive rating outlook on the insurance company reflected MIC’s improved business prospects as a result of the recapitalization.
On April 28, 2010, Standard and Poor’s noted that, notwithstanding the increase in capital, the ‘B+’ rating on MIC was unchanged considering the continuing uncertainty regarding macroeconomic conditions and the ultimate losses that MIC could realize.
Determinations of ratings by the rating agencies are affected by a variety of factors, including macroeconomic conditions, economic conditions affecting the mortgage insurance industry, changes in business prospects, regulatory conditions, competition, underwriting and investment losses and the need for additional capital. There can be no assurance that our wholly-owned insurance subsidiaries will not be downgraded in the future.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,as well as disclosures included elsewhere in this report, are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingencies. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates. We believe that the following critical accounting estimates involved significant judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Reserves for Losses and LAE
We establish reserves for losses and LAE to recognize the liability of unpaid losses related to insured mortgages that are in default. We do not rely on a single estimate to determine our loss and LAE reserves. To ensure the reasonableness of our ultimate estimates, we develop scenarios using generally recognized actuarial projection methodologies that result in various possible losses and LAE.
Changes in loss reserves can materially affect our consolidated net income or loss. The process of estimating loss reserves requires us to forecast interest rate, employment and housing market environments, which are highly uncertain. Therefore, the process requires significant management judgment and estimates. The use of different estimates would have resulted in the establishment of different reserves. In addition, changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period based on the economic conditions. We review the judgments made in our prior period estimation process and adjust our current assumptions as appropriate. While our assumptions are based in part upon historical data, the loss provisioning process is complex and subjective and, therefore, the ultimate liability may vary significantly from our estimates.
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The following table shows the reasonable range of losses and LAE reserves, as determined by our actuaries, and recorded reserves for losses and LAE (gross of recoverables) as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 by segment and on a consolidated basis:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of June 30, 2010 | | As of December 31, 2009 |
| | Low | | High | | Recorded | | Low | | High | | Recorded |
| | (Dollars in millions) | | (Dollars in millions) |
U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations | | $ | 2,750.0 | | $ | 3,750.0 | | $ | 3,079.8 | | $ | 2,650.0 | | $ | 3,850.0 | | $ | 3,213.7 |
International Operations | | | 24.6 | | | 40.4 | | | 33.2 | | | 26.3 | | | 46.1 | | | 40.1 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consolidated loss and LAE reserves* | | $ | 2,774.6 | | $ | 3,790.4 | | $ | 3,112.9 | | $ | 2,676.3 | | $ | 3,896.1 | | $ | 3,253.8 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
* | May not total due to rounding. |
U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations —We establish PMI’s reserves for losses and LAE based upon our estimate of unpaid losses and LAE on (i) reported mortgage loans in default, and (ii) estimated defaults incurred but not reported to PMI by its customers. We believe the amounts recorded represent the most likely outcome within the actuarial ranges. The recorded reserves for U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations as of June 30, 2010 are below the midpoint of the actuarially-determined reserve range. Management’s best estimate was below the actuarial midpoint primarily due to our views with respect to loan modifications and workouts. In management’s view, although yet to be fully reflected in available data, loan workouts and modifications have been significantly delayed with respect to PMI’s delinquency inventory and are increasing in number and effect. As a result, management believes that the likely ultimate benefit of these activities in the form of cures is not fully reflected in available data and, accordingly, was not able to be fully considered in the development of the actuarial range. To the extent the benefit of loan modifications and workouts fails to meet management’s current expectations, we would expect future reserves would need to increase from current levels.
Our best estimate of PMI’s reserves for losses and LAE is derived primarily from our analysis of PMI’s default and loss experience. The key assumptions used in the estimation process are expected claim rates, average claim sizes and costs to settle claims. We evaluate our assumptions in light of PMI’s historical patterns of claim payments, loss experience in past and current economic environments, the seasoning of PMI’s various books of business, PMI’s coverage levels, the credit quality profile of PMI’s portfolios, and the geographic mix of PMI’s business. As discussed above, our loss reserve estimation process also takes into consideration management’s expectations regarding the reduction to the claim rate that may occur as a result of loan modification programs. Loan modification programs may not provide material benefits. We also consider the effect of projected future rescission activity with respect to the current inventory of delinquent loans, and such consideration has materially reduced our loss reserve estimates. As a result of the decline in rescission activity beyond our expectations in the first half of 2010, we reduced our estimate of future rescissions, which negatively impacted PMI’s loss reserves. To the extent we must reverse our rescissions beyond expected levels or future rescission activity is lower than expected, we may need to significantly increase our loss reserve estimates in future periods. Our assumptions are influenced by historical loss patterns and are adjusted to reflect recent loss trends. Our assumptions are also influenced by our assessment of current and future economic conditions, including trends in housing prices, unemployment and interest rates. Our estimation process uses generally recognized actuarial projection methodologies. As part of our estimation process, we also evaluate various scenarios representing possible losses and LAE under different economic assumptions.
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The decrease in our U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations’ loss reserve at June 30, 2010 compared to June 30, 2009 was primarily due to the payment of claims on our primary and pool insurance portfolios. The payment of claims on our modified pool portfolio reflects the acceleration of claim payments related to the restructuring of certain modified pool policies in the first half of 2010. The table below provides a reconciliation of our U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations’ beginning and ending reserves for losses and LAE for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
Balance at January 1 | | $ | 3,213.7 | | | $ | 2,624.5 | |
Reinsurance recoverables | | | (703.6 | ) | | | (482.7 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net balance at January 1 | | | 2,510.1 | | | | 2,141.8 | |
Losses and LAE incurred (principally with respect to defaults occurring in): | | | | | | | | |
Current year | | | 506.5 | | | | 744.8 | |
Prior years | | | 164.7 | | | | 111.9 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total incurred | | | 671.2 | | | | 856.7 | |
Losses and LAE payments (principally with respect to defaults occurring in): | | | | | | | | |
Current year | | | (2.2 | ) | | | (7.0 | ) |
Prior years | | | (712.9 | ) | | | (408.3 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total payments | | | (715.1 | ) | | | (415.3 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net balance at June 30 | | | 2,466.2 | | | | 2,583.2 | |
Reinsurance recoverables | | | 613.6 | | | | 602.3 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Balance at June 30 | | $ | 3,079.8 | | | $ | 3,185.5 | |
| | | | | | | | |
The above loss reserve reconciliation shows the components of our losses and LAE reserve changes for the periods presented. Losses and LAE payments of $715.1 million and $415.3 million for the periods ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, reflect amounts paid during the periods presented and are not subject to estimation. Total losses and LAE incurred of $671.2 million and $856.7 million for the periods ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively, are management’s best estimates of ultimate losses and LAE and are subject to change. The changes in our estimates are principally reflected in the losses and LAE incurred line item which shows an increase to losses and LAE incurred related to prior years of $164.7 million and $111.9 million for the periods ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
The table below breaks down the changes in reserves related to prior years by particular accident years for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Losses and LAE Incurred | | Change in Incurred | |
Accident Year (year in which default occurred) | | June 30, 2010 | | December 31, 2009 | | June 30, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 | | June 30, 2010 vs. December 31, 2009 | | | June 30, 2009 vs. December 31, 2008 | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
2002 and prior | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 0.2 | | | $ | (0.3 | ) |
2003 | | | 227.0 | | | 226.5 | | | 225.4 | | | 225.9 | | | 0.5 | | | | (0.5 | ) |
2004 | | | 240.9 | | | 241.1 | | | 240.4 | | | 241.2 | | | (0.2 | ) | | | (0.8 | ) |
2005 | | | 273.1 | | | 271.9 | | | 270.8 | | | 272.0 | | | 1.2 | | | | (1.2 | ) |
2006 | | | 419.8 | | | 414.3 | | | 407.8 | | | 409.9 | | | 5.5 | | | | (2.1 | ) |
2007 | | | 1,185.1 | | | 1,114.7 | | | 1,043.4 | | | 1,042.3 | | | 70.4 | | | | 1.1 | |
2008 | | | 1,916.6 | | | 1,829.5 | | | 1,835.5 | | | 1,719.8 | | | 87.1 | | | | 115.7 | |
2009 | | | 1,552.8 | | | 1,552.8 | | | 744.7 | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
2010 | | | 506.5 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 164.7 | | | $ | 111.9 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The $164.7 million and $111.9 million increases related to prior years’ reserves in the first half of 2010 and 2009, respectively, were due to re-estimations of ultimate loss rates from those established at the original notices of defaults, updated through the periods presented. The $164.7 million increase in prior years’ reserves during the first half of 2010 reflected a decline in rescission activity beyond our expectations which caused us to reduce our estimate of future rescissions, thereby increasing loss reserves. To a lesser extent, the increase in prior
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years’ reserves was due to adverse claim rate development in the modified pool and primary insurance portfolios. During the first six months of 2010, we restructured certain modified pool policies resulting in acceleration of $220.5 million in claim payments. As part of the restructuring, we retained a contractual right to a future cash flow stream, with an estimated fair value of $82.3 million. The recognition of this asset decreased the losses and LAE incurred related to prior years. The $111.9 million increase in prior years’ reserves during the first half of 2009 reflected significant weakening of the housing and mortgage markets and was driven by lower cure rates, higher claim rates and higher claim sizes in our primary and modified pool insurance portfolios. These re-estimations of ultimate loss rates are the result of management’s periodic review of estimated claim amounts in light of actual claim amounts, loss development data and ultimate claim rates. Future declines in expected rescissions, PMI’s cure rate, or higher default and claim rates or claim sizes could lead to further increases in losses and LAE.
The following table shows a breakdown of reserves for losses and LAE by primary and pool insurance:
| | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2010 | | December 31, 2009 |
| | (Dollars in millions) |
Primary insurance | | $ | 2,896.3 | | $ | 2,931.1 |
Pool insurance | | | 162.7 | | | 261.8 |
Other* | | | 20.8 | | | 20.8 |
| | | | | | |
Total reserves for losses and LAE | | $ | 3,079.8 | | $ | 3,213.7 |
| | | | | | |
The decrease in primary insurance reserves is driven primarily by the decrease in the notices of default inventory and payment of claims. The decrease in the pool insurance reserves is driven claims paid in conjunction with restructuring of modified pool contracts.
The following table shows a breakdown of reserves for losses and LAE by loans in default, incurred but not reported, or IBNR, and the cost to settle claims, or LAE:
| | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2010 | | December 31, 2009 |
| | (Dollars in millions) |
Loans in default | | $ | 2,885.0 | | $ | 3,017.1 |
IBNR | | | 107.8 | | | 109.5 |
Cost to settle claims (LAE) | | | 66.2 | | | 66.3 |
Other * | | | 20.8 | | | 20.8 |
| | | | | | |
Total reserves for losses and LAE | | $ | 3,079.8 | | $ | 3,213.7 |
| | | | | | |
* | Other relates to PMI Guaranty’s loss reserves related to the agreement between PMI Guaranty, FGIC, and AG Re under which PMI Guaranty commuted certain risks with FGIC |
To provide a measure of sensitivity of pre-tax income to changes in loss reserve estimates, we estimate that: (i) for every 5% change in our estimate of the future average claim sizes or every 5% change in our estimate of the future claim rates with respect to the June 30, 2010 reserves for losses and LAE, the effect on pre-tax income would be an increase or decrease of approximately $144.3 million; (ii) for every 5% change in our estimate of incurred but not reported loans in default as of June 30, 2010, the effect on pre-tax income would be approximately $5.4 million; and (iii) for every 5% change in our estimate of the future cost of claims settlement expenses as of June 30, 2010, the effect on pre-tax income would be approximately $3.3 million.
If either the claim rate or claim size, or a combination of the claim rate and claim size, were to increase approximately 21.8% above our current estimates, we would reach the top of our actuarially determined range. Conversely, if the claim rate or claim size, or a combination of the claim rate and claim size, were to decrease by approximately 10.7% of our current estimates, we would reach the bottom end of our actuarially determined range.
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The establishment of loss reserves is subject to inherent uncertainty and requires judgment by management. The actual amount of claim payments may vary substantially from the loss reserve estimates. For example, the relationship of a change in assumption relating to future average claim sizes, claim rates or cost of claims settlement to the change in value may not be linear. Also, the effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the value of the loss and LAE reserves is calculated without changing any other assumption.
Changes in one factor may result in changes in another which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities. Changes in factors such as persistency or cure rates can also affect the actual losses incurred. To the extent persistency increases and assuming all other variables remain constant, the absolute dollars of claims paid will increase as insurance in force will remain in place longer, thereby generating a higher potential for future incidences of loss. Conversely, if persistency were to decline, absolute claim payments would decline. In addition, changes in cure rates would positively or negatively affect total losses if cure rates increased or decreased, respectively.
International Operations— PMI Europe establishes loss reserves for all of its insurance and reinsurance business and for CDS transactions entered into before July 1, 2003. Revenue, losses and other expenses associated with CDS contracts executed on or after July 1, 2003 are recognized through derivative accounting treatment. PMI Europe’s loss reserving methodology contains two components: case reserves and IBNR reserves. Case and IBNR reserves are based upon factors which include, but are not limited to, our analysis of arrears and loss payment reports, loss assumptions derived from pricing analyses, our view of current and future economic conditions and industry information. Our actuaries calculated a range for PMI Europe’s loss reserves at June 30, 2010 of $23.0 million to $38.5 million. PMI Europe’s recorded loss reserves at June 30, 2010 were $31.3 million, which represented our best estimate and a decrease of $7.0 million from PMI Europe’s loss reserve balance of $38.3 million at December 31, 2009. The decrease to PMI Europe’s loss reserves in the first half of 2010 was primarily due to claim payments of $1.4 million combined with foreign currency translation arising from the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Euro. The remaining loss reserves within our International Operations segment relate to PMI Canada, which ceased writing new business in 2008.
The following table shows a breakdown of International Operations’ loss and LAE reserves:
| | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2010 | | December 31, 2009 |
| | (Dollars in millions) |
Loans in default | | $ | 30.7 | | $ | 36.8 |
IBNR | | | 1.6 | | | 2.2 |
Cost to settle claims (LAE) | | | 0.9 | | | 1.1 |
| | | | | | |
Total loss and LAE reserves | | $ | 33.2 | | $ | 40.1 |
| | | | | | |
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The following table provides a reconciliation of International Operations’ beginning and ending reserves for losses and LAE for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
Balance at January 1, | | $ | 40.1 | | | $ | 84.8 | |
Reinsurance recoverables | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net balance at January 1 | | | 40.1 | | | | 84.8 | |
Losses and LAE incurred (principally with respect to defaults occurring in) | | | | | | | | |
Current year | | | (2.0 | ) | | | 3.9 | |
Prior years | | | 2.1 | | | | 3.2 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total incurred | | | 0.1 | | | | 7.1 | |
Losses and LAE payments (principally with respect to defaults occurring in) | | | | | | | | |
Current year | | | — | | | | — | |
Prior years | | | (1.6 | ) | | | (39.9 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total payments | | | (1.6 | ) | | | (39.9 | ) |
Foreign currency translation | | | (5.4 | ) | | | (2.1 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net balance at June 30 | | | 33.2 | | | | 49.9 | |
Reinsurance recoverables | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Balance at June 30, | | $ | 33.2 | | | $ | 49.9 | |
| | | | | | | | |
The increase in losses and LAE incurred relating to prior years of $2.1 million in the first half of 2010 was primarily due to foreign currency remeasurement related to U.S. reinsurance loss reserves which were established in the prior years. The increase in losses and LAE incurred relating to prior year of $3.2 million in the first quarter of 2009 was primarily due to a loss provision related to deteriorating performance of several U.S. exposures on which PMI Europe provided reinsurance coverage.
Credit Default Swap Contracts
Through PMI Europe, we provide credit protection in the form of credit default swaps (“CDS”), which are considered derivatives and are marked to market through earnings under the requirements of Topic 815. The fair value of derivative liabilities was $13.1 million and $17.3 million as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively, and is included in other liabilities on the balance sheet. The fair value of these CDS liabilities includes payment obligations that have been incurred but unpaid as of the balance sheet date. Our CDS exposures are dependent on the performance of certain prime residential mortgage loans originated throughout Europe, which are the reference assets for the underlying mortgage-related securities. The fair values of our CDS contracts are affected predominantly by estimated changes in credit spreads of the underlying obligations. As estimated credit spreads change, the fair values of these CDS contracts will change and the resulting gains and losses will be recorded in our operating results. In addition, with the adoption of Topic 820 we have incorporated our non-performance risk into the market value of our derivative assets and liabilities. Excluding our non-performance risk, the fair value of these CDS liabilities would have been $13.7 million as of June 30, 2010.
PMI may incur losses on its CDS exposures if losses on the underlying mortgage loans reach PMI’s risk layer. Losses on underlying mortgages may only occur following a credit event, which is typically defined as borrower default or bankruptcy, and only if recoveries (typically foreclosure proceeds) are less than the total outstanding mortgage balances and foreclosure expenses, and in the case of some transactions, accrued interest.
Certain of PMI Europe’s CDS contracts contain collateral support provisions which, upon certain defined circumstances, including deterioration of the underlying mortgage loan performance, require PMI Europe to post collateral for the benefit of the counterparty. The methodology for determining the amount of the required posted collateral varies and can include mark-to-market valuations, contractual formulae (principally related to expected loss performance) and/or negotiated amounts. As of June 30, 2010, the aggregate fair value of all derivative
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instruments with collateral support provisions upon which we have been required to post collateral, was a net liability of $10.9 million. PMI Europe has posted collateral, consisting of corporate securities and cash, of $10.9 million as of June 30, 2010 on these CDS transactions. Any further downgrades will have no impact on the required collateral, as our current ratings are below all the ratings related triggers. We estimate that the current collateral requirement of $10.9 million as of June 30, 2010 will decline in the remaining half of 2010. The actual collateral posted at the end of 2010 will be dependent upon deal performance, claim payments and the extent to which PMI Europe is successful in commuting certain contracts. As of June 30, 2010, the maximum amount of collateral that PMI Europe could be required to post under these contracts is approximately $26.6 million, including the $10.9 million already posted.
On average, the loan portfolios underlying our CDS exposures were seasoned by at least one year when PMI Europe entered into the CDS transactions. Most portfolios had average seasoning of at least three years at issuance. PMI generally defines the notional amount of its exposure as its risk in force. Risk in force represents the maximum potential contractual obligation for PMI. PMI Europe’s risk in force related to its CDS contracts was $1.1 billion as of June 30, 2010. Provided below are tables showing the risk in force or notional amounts by issue year, original and current credit rating, posted collateral and country for all CDS contracts as of June 30, 2010. As of June 30, 2010, the original credit ratings of our investment grade transactions were unchanged:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issue Year | | Original and Current Credit Rating | | Total |
| AAA (Super Senior) | | AAA | | AA | | A | | BBB | | Non- investment grade | |
| | ( Dollars in millions) |
2000 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 14 | | $ | 14 |
2003 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 5 | | | 5 |
2004 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 8 | | | 8 |
2006 | | | 1,037 | | | 72 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,109 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Notional | | $ | 1,037 | | $ | 72 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 27 | | $ | 1,136 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Posted collateral | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 11 | | $ | 11 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Maximum collateral | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 27 | | $ | 27 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Note: Notional and collateral amounts will change due to fluctuations in the value of the Euro as compared to the U.S. dollar. Maximum collateral represents the contractual limit of collateral that would be required to be posted.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Country | | Original and Current Credit Rating | | Total |
| AAA (Super Senior) | | AAA | | AA | | A | | BBB | | Non- investment grade | |
| | ( Dollars in millions) |
Germany | | | 1,037 | | | 72 | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 27 | | | 1,136 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total Notional | | $ | 1,037 | | $ | 72 | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | 27 | | $ | 1,136 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Note: Notional amounts will change due to fluctuations in the value of the Euro as compared to the U.S. dollar.
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Provided in the table below are the weighted average expected life and the components of fair value for PMI’s CDS contracts in an asset/(liability) position as of June 30, 2010.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Original and Current Credit Rating | | | Total | |
| AAA (Super Senior) | | | AAA | | | AA | | A | | BBB | | Non- investment grade | | |
| | (Dollars in millions) | |
Weighted average expected life in years | | | 0.73 | | | | 0.75 | | | | 0.00 | | | 0.00 | | | 0.00 | | | 2.01 | | | | 0.77 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Components of fair value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Expected discounted future net cash inflows (outflows) | | $ | 0.4 | | | $ | 0.2 | | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | (8.1 | ) | | $ | (7.5 | ) |
Market spread/cost of capital adjustment | | | (2.0 | ) | | | (0.8 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (2.8 | ) | | | (5.6 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fair value | | $ | (1.6 | ) | | $ | (0.6 | ) | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | — | | $ | (10.9 | ) | | $ | (13.1 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Note: Fair value amounts will change due to fluctuations in the value of the Euro as compared to the U.S. dollar.
PMI does not currently expect that the fair value portion of the CDS liability related to fluctuations in market spreads and PMI’s cost of capital will result in additional cash outflows. PMI’s expected future net cash flows could vary over time. Higher than expected defaults, higher loss severities or the acceleration in the timing of claim payments would likely result in an increase in expected discounted future net cash outflows and PMI’s fair value liability, which could materially impact our results of operations. PMI has paid, or expects to pay, losses on most of its non-investment grade CDS contracts. PMI expects to pay net cash outflows of approximately $8.1 million related to its non-investment grade CDS agreements over the next 6 years. PMI has a fair value liability of $10.9 million, which includes all expected lifetime future cash flows, against total notional exposure of $26.6 million on all non-investment grade contracts as of June 30, 2010.
Based on our expectations for default timing, loss severity and timing of exercise of call options, we do not anticipate paying losses on contracts rated ‘BBB’ or higher. When the borrowers on underlying loans are in arrears by at least 90 days, PMI Europe regards such arrears as indicative of potential future losses. As of June 30, 2010, loans that were at least 90 days in arrears represented less than 19% of remaining subordination to PMI’s layer on each investment grade transaction. To date, losses on loans underlying our investment grade transactions have not exceeded current subordination levels. To the extent expected cash losses were to exceed subordination levels, the fair values of the investment grade CDS contracts would further decline, resulting in an increase in CDS liability, which could become realized in the form of claims paid over time.
In estimating the fair values of CDS contracts, PMI Europe incorporates expected life of contract dates in its internal valuation models. We estimate the life of contract to coincide with expected call dates based on a number of factors, including past experience of counterparties, the underlying economics of the transactions, counterparties’ expressed intent and potential costs associated with extending transactions. The current state of capital markets, the financial conditions and perspectives of various counterparties and the general weakening of economic conditions in Europe may lead to decisions by customers to extend the credit protection offered by PMI Europe’s CDS contracts, which could be counteracted by PMI Europe’s counterparties’ assessments of its creditworthiness. If a CDS contract is extended beyond its expected call date, PMI Europe will be required to adjust its internal valuation model assumptions. To the extent that credit spreads are higher than at the time of inception of the transaction, extending the expected life from the call date to the maturity date could result in PMI Europe recognizing further significant mark-to-market losses. If counterparties elect to extend PMI Europe’s CDS contracts and spreads remain at their current levels, mark-to-market losses could be material and there will be a greater likelihood of incurring higher than currently expected realized losses in the form of paid claims on the contracts. To date, all of PMI Europe’s CDS contracts have either been called at our expected call date or have deviated from our expected call date in lengths of time that are not significant.
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Investment Securities
We review all of our fixed income and equity security investments on a periodic basis for impairment, with focus on those having unrealized losses. We specifically assess all investments with declines in fair value and, in general, monitor all security investments as to ongoing risk.
We review on a quarterly basis, or as needed in the event of specific credit events, unrealized losses on all investments with declines in fair value. These investments are then tracked to establish whether they meet our established other than temporary impairment criteria. This process involves monitoring market events and other items that could impact issuers. We consider relevant facts and circumstances in evaluating whether the impairment of a security is other-than-temporary.
Relevant facts and circumstances considered include, but are not limited to:
| • | | a decline in the market value of a security below cost or amortized cost for a continuous period of at least six months; |
| • | | the severity and nature of the decline in market value below cost regardless of the duration of the decline; |
| • | | recent credit downgrades of the applicable security or the issuer by the rating agencies; |
| • | | the financial condition of the applicable issuer; |
| • | | whether scheduled interest payments are past due; and |
| • | | whether it is more likely than not we will hold the security for a sufficient period of time to allow for anticipated recoveries in fair value. |
Once a security is determined to have met certain of the criteria for consideration as being other-than-temporarily impaired, further information is gathered and evaluated pertaining to the particular security. If the security is an unsecured obligation, the additional evaluation is a security specific approach with particular emphasis on the likelihood of the issuer to meet the contractual terms of the obligation.
We assess equity securities using the criteria outlined above and also consider whether in addition to these factors we have the ability and intent to hold the equity securities for a period of time sufficient for recovery to cost or amortized cost. If we lack the intent or if it is not more likely than not that we can hold the security for a sufficient time to allow for anticipated recoveries in value, the equity security’s decline in fair value is deemed to be other than temporary, and we record the full difference between fair value and cost or amortized cost in earnings.
Once the determination is made that a debt security is other-than-temporarily impaired, an estimate is developed of the portion of such impairment that is credit-related. The estimate of the credit-related portion of impairment is based upon a comparison of ratings at the time of purchase and the current ratings of the security, to establish whether there have been any specific credit events during the time we have owned the security, as well as the outlook through the expected maturity horizon for the security. We obtain ratings from two nationally recognized rating agencies for each security being assessed. We also incorporate information on the specific securities internally and, as appropriate, from external investment advisors on their views on the probability of it receiving the interest and principal cash-flows for the remaining life of the securities.
This information is used to determine our best estimate of what the credit related portion of the impairment is, based on a probability-weighted estimate of future cash flows. The probability weighted cash flows for the individual securities are modeled using internal models, which calculate the discounted cash flows at the implicit rate at purchase through maturity. If the cash flow projections indicate that we do not expect to recover its amortized cost basis, we recognize the estimated credit loss in earnings. For debt securities that are intended to be sold, or that management believes are more likely than not to be required to be sold prior to recovery, the full impairment is recognized immediately in earnings. For debt securities that management has no intention to sell and believes it is more likely than not that they will not be required to be sold prior to recovery, only the credit component of the impairment is recognized in earnings, with the remaining impairment loss recognized in AOCI.
The total impairment for any debt security that is deemed to have an other-than-temporary impairment is recorded in the statement of operations as a net realized loss from investments. The portion of such impairment that is determined to be non-credit related is deducted from net realized losses in the statement of operations and reflected in other comprehensive income (loss) and accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), the latter of which is a component of stockholders’ equity in the balance sheets.
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The following table shows our investments’ gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Less than 12 months | | | 12 months or more | | | Total | |
| | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
June 30, 2010 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed income securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. municipal bonds | | $ | 187,964 | | $ | (3,584 | ) | | $ | 53,272 | | $ | (3,769 | ) | | $ | 241,236 | | $ | (7,353 | ) |
Corporate bonds | | | 73,594 | | | (477 | ) | | | 2,205 | | | (69 | ) | | | 75,799 | | | (546 | ) |
Asset-backed securities | | | 12,214 | | | (29 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | | 12,214 | | | (29 | ) |
Mortgage-backed securities | | | 283 | | | (901 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | | 283 | | | (901 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total fixed income securities | | | 274,055 | | | (4,991 | ) | | | 55,477 | | | (3,838 | ) | | | 329,532 | | | (8,829 | ) |
Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common stocks | | | 27,317 | | | (2,445 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | | 27,317 | | | (2,445 | ) |
Preferred stocks | | | 14,150 | | | (468 | ) | | | 47,340 | | | (2,869 | ) | | | 61,490 | | | (3,337 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total equity securities | | | 41,467 | | | (2,913 | ) | | | 47,340 | | | (2,869 | ) | | | 88,807 | | | (5,782 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 315,522 | | $ | (7,904 | ) | | $ | 102,817 | | $ | (6,707 | ) | | $ | 418,339 | | $ | (14,611 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Less than 12 months | | | 12 months or more | | | Total | |
| | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
December 31, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed income securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
U.S. municipal bonds | | $ | 559,817 | | $ | (11,494 | ) | | $ | 62,032 | | $ | (4,455 | ) | | $ | 621,849 | | $ | (15,949 | ) |
Foreign governments | | | 7,270 | | | (237 | ) | | | 7,151 | | | (898 | ) | | | 14,421 | | | (1,135 | ) |
Corporate bonds | | | 41,041 | | | (1,709 | ) | | | 7,031 | | | (924 | ) | | | 48,072 | | | (2,633 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total fixed income securities | | | 608,128 | | | (13,440 | ) | | | 76,214 | | | (6,277 | ) | | | 684,342 | | | (19,717 | ) |
Equity securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Common stocks | | | 28,955 | | | (594 | ) | | | — | | | — | | | | 28,955 | | | (594 | ) |
Preferred stocks | | | — | | | — | | | | 54,706 | | | (3,322 | ) | | | 54,706 | | | (3,322 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total equity securities | | | 28,955 | | | (594 | ) | | | 54,706 | | | (3,322 | ) | | | 83,661 | | | (3,916 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 637,083 | | $ | (14,034 | ) | | $ | 130,920 | | $ | (9,599 | ) | | $ | 768,003 | | $ | (23,633 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
At June 30, 2010, we had gross unrealized losses of $14.6 million on investment securities, including fixed maturity and equity securities that had a fair value of $418.3 million. In addition, included in the gross unrealized losses are securities that we determined had other-than-temporary impairments in accordance with Topic 320. Accordingly, we bifurcated these impairments between credit and non-credit impairments. Included in gross unrealized losses are non-credit impairments of $0.4 million on securities considered to be impaired in previous years. There were no impairments of securities in the second quarter of 2010.
The gross unrealized losses in the preferred stock portfolio as of June 30, 2010 did not materially change from December 31, 2009. The improvement in gross unrealized losses on the U.S. fixed income portfolio from December 31, 2009 to June 30, 2010 was partially due to the disposition of certain municipal bonds and partially due to the overall improvement in the valuation of the municipal market during the first half of 2010.
Impaired investments either met the criteria established in our accounting policy regarding the extent and length of time the investment was in a loss position or management determined that it would not hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery. Additional factors considered in evaluating an investment for impairment include the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, evidenced by debt ratings and analyst reports. As of June 30, 2010, our investment portfolio included 67 securities in an unrealized loss position compared to 129 securities as of December 31, 2009.
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Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Our policy acquisition costs are those costs that vary with, and are primarily related to, our acquisition, underwriting and processing of new mortgage insurance policies, including sales related activities. To the extent we provided contract underwriting services on loans that did not require mortgage insurance, associated underwriting costs were not deferred. We defer policy acquisition costs when incurred and amortize these costs in proportion to estimated gross profits for each policy year by type of insurance contract (i.e. monthly, annual and single premium). The amortization estimates for each underwriting year are monitored regularly to reflect persistency and expected loss development by type of insurance contract. We review our estimation process on a regular basis and any adjustments made to the estimates are reflected in the current period’s consolidated net income. Deferred policy acquisition costs are reviewed periodically to determine that they do not exceed recoverable amounts, after considering investment income. PMI’s deferred policy acquisition cost asset increased to $44.5 million at June 30, 2010 from $41.3 million at December 31, 2009 and $40.7 million at June 30, 2009.
Premium Deficiency Analysis
We perform an analysis for premium deficiency using assumptions based on our best estimate when the analysis is performed. The calculation for premium deficiency requires significant judgment and includes estimates of future expected premiums, expected claims, loss adjustment expenses and maintenance costs as of the date of the test. The calculation of future expected premiums uses assumptions for persistency and termination levels on policies currently in force. Assumptions for future expected losses include future expected average claim sizes and claim rates which are based on the current default rate and expected future defaults. Investment income is also considered in the premium deficiency calculation. For the calculation of investment income we use our pre-tax investment yield.
We perform premium deficiency analyses quarterly on a single book basis for the U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations and International Operations. The Company performs premium deficiency analyses quarterly. The Company determined that there were premium deficiencies for PMI Europe and PMI Canada and recorded premium deficiency reserves in the fourth quarter of 2009. As of June 30, 2010, the premium deficiency reserves were $0.8 million and $1.5 million for PMI Europe and PMI Canada, respectively. The premium deficiency reserves are recorded as Losses and LAE on the Consolidated Statement of Operations and as Reserve for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. We determined there was no premium deficiency in our U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations segment despite continued significant losses in the first half of 2010. To the extent premium levels and actual loss experience differ from our assumptions, our results could be negatively affected in future periods.
Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets
PMI’s management reviews the need to establish a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. In the course of its review, PMI’s management analyzes several factors, including the severity and frequency of operating or capital losses, PMI’s capacity for the carryback or carryforward of any losses, the expected occurrence of future income or loss, and available tax planning alternatives. As discussed below, PMI’s valuation allowance as of June 30, 2010 was approximately $253.0 million.
In periods prior to 2008, we deducted significant amounts of statutory contingency reserves on our federal income tax returns. The reserves were deducted to the extent we purchased tax and loss bonds in an amount equal to the tax benefit of the deduction pursuant to §831(e) of the Internal Revenue Code. The reserves are included in taxable income in future years when they are released for statutory accounting purposes or if we elect to redeem the tax and loss bonds that were purchased in connection with the deduction for the reserves. Accordingly, prior to 2010, the Company did not have a domestic net operating loss.
Because of the limited ability to generate capital gains or other strategies to utilize unrealized capital losses during the carryback and carryover periods. We separately evaluated deferred tax assets of a capital nature
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totaling approximately $244.2 million that could expire before being utilized. As a result of this analysis, it was estimated that approximately $167.3 million of capital losses would “more-likely-than-not” expire before sufficient capital gains could be generated and the valuation allowance was adjusted, accordingly. Additional adjustments could be recognized in the future due to changes in management’s expectations regarding realization of tax benefits.
In addition to the capital losses, deferred tax assets related to foreign and California net operating losses and certain foreign tax credits were analyzed during the year related to deferred tax assets of $12.5 million, $78.9 million and $8.4 million, respectively. As a result of this analysis, it was determined that approximately $10.0 million, $67.3 million and $8.4 million of these respective deferred tax assets would “more-likely than not” expire before being utilized, resulting in a total valuation allowance of approximately $253.0 million as of June 30, 2010.
Additional adjustments could be recognized in the future due to changes in management’s expectations regarding realization of tax benefits which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk is the risk of the loss of fair value resulting from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and equity prices. Market risk is directly influenced by the volatility and liquidity in the markets in which the related underlying financial instruments are traded. The following is a discussion of our market risk exposures and our risk management practices.
Interest rate risk
As of June 30, 2010, our consolidated investment portfolio excluding cash and cash equivalents was $2.4 billion. The fair value of investments in our portfolio is calculated from independent market quotations and is interest rate sensitive and subject to change based on interest rate movements. As of June 30, 2010, 91.9% of our investments were fixed income securities, primarily U.S. municipal bonds. As interest rates fall, the fair value of fixed income securities generally increases, and as interest rates rise, the fair value of fixed income securities generally decreases. The following table summarizes the estimated change in fair value and the accounting effect on comprehensive income (pre-tax) for our consolidated investment portfolio based upon specified hypothetical changes in interest rates as of June 30, 2010:
| | | | |
| | Estimated Increase/ (Decrease) in Fair Value | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
300 basis point decline | | $ | 335,766 | |
200 basis point decline | | $ | 255,001 | |
100 basis point decline | | $ | 133,290 | |
100 basis point rise | | $ | (138,760 | ) |
200 basis point rise | | $ | (270,156 | ) |
300 basis point rise | | $ | (392,699 | ) |
These hypothetical estimates of changes in fair value are primarily related to our fixed-income securities as the fair values of fixed-income securities generally fluctuate with increases or decreases in interest rates. The weighted average option-adjusted duration of our consolidated investment portfolio including cash and cash equivalents was 4.5 as of June 30, 2010.
Currency exchange rate risk
We analyze the sensitivity of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on investments in our foreign subsidiaries denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. This estimate is calculated using the spot
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exchange rates as of June 30, 2010 and respective current period end investment balances in our foreign subsidiaries in the applicable foreign currencies. The following table summarizes the estimated changes in the investments in our foreign subsidiaries and the accounting effect on comprehensive income (pre-tax) based upon specified hypothetical percentage changes in foreign currency exchange rates as of June 30, 2010, with all other factors remaining constant:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Estimated Increase (Decrease) Foreign Currency Translation | |
| | Europe | | | Canada | | | Consolidated | |
| | (USD in thousands) | |
Change in foreign currency exchange rates | | | | | | | | | | | | |
15% decline | | $ | (17,599 | ) | | $ | (2,307 | ) | | $ | (19,906 | ) |
10% decline | | $ | (11,732 | ) | | $ | (1,538 | ) | | $ | (13,270 | ) |
5% decline | | $ | (5,866 | ) | | $ | (769 | ) | | $ | (6,635 | ) |
5% rise | | $ | 5,866 | | | $ | 769 | | | $ | 6,635 | |
10% rise | | $ | 11,732 | | | $ | 1,538 | | | $ | 13,270 | |
15% rise | | $ | 17,599 | | | $ | 2,307 | | | $ | 19,906 | |
Foreign currency translation rates as of June 30,
| | | | |
| | U.S. Dollar relative to |
| | Euro | | Canadian Dollar |
2010 | | 1.2237 | | 0.9399 |
2009 | | 1.4033 | | 0.8604 |
The changes in the foreign currency exchange rates from the second quarter of 2009 to the second quarter of 2010 negatively affected our investments in our foreign subsidiaries by $15.9 million. This foreign currency translation impact is calculated by applying the period over period change in the period end spot exchange rates to the current period end investment balance of our foreign subsidiaries.
As of June 30, 2010, $155.6 million, including cash and cash equivalents of our invested assets, was held by PMI Europe and were primarily denominated in Euros and U.S. dollars. As of June 30, 2010, $18.3 million, including cash and cash equivalents of our invested assets, was held by PMI Canada and was denominated in Canadian dollars and U.S. dollars. The above table shows the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar relative to the Euro and Canadian dollar as of June 30, 2010 and 2009. The value of the Euro weakened relative to the U.S. dollar as of June 30, 2010 compared to June 30, 2009. The value of the Canadian dollar strengthened relative to the U.S. dollar as of June 30, 2010 compared to June 30, 2009.
Credit spread risk
Through PMI Europe, we provide credit protection in the form of credit default swaps (“CDS”), which are considered derivatives and are marked to market through earnings under the requirements of Topic 815. The fair value of derivative liabilities was $13.1 million and $17.3 million as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively, and is included in other liabilities on the balance sheet. The fair value of these CDS liabilities includes payment obligations that have been incurred but unpaid as of the balance sheet date. Our CDS exposures are dependent on the performance of certain prime residential mortgage loans originated throughout Europe, which are the reference assets for the underlying mortgage-related securities. The fair values of our CDS contracts are affected predominantly by estimated changes in credit spreads of the underlying obligations. As estimated credit spreads change, the fair values of these CDS contracts will change and the resulting gains and losses will be recorded in our operating results. In addition, with the adoption of Topic 820 we have incorporated our non-performance risk into the market value of our derivative assets and liabilities. Excluding our non-performance risk, the fair value of these CDS liabilities would have been $13.7 million as of June 30, 2010.
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We do not currently expect that the fair value portion of the CDS liability related to fluctuations in market spreads and our cost of capital will result in any cash outflows. PMI’s expected future net cash flows could vary over time. Higher than expected defaults, higher loss severities or the acceleration in the timing of claim payments would likely result in an increase in PMI’s expected discounted future net cash outflows and fair value liability, which could materially impact our results of operations. The following two tables summarize the estimated changes in the exit value liability in PMI Europe based upon specified hypothetical percentage changes in market spread and cost of capital as of June 30, 2010, with all other factors remaining constant. The specified hypothetical percentage changes are based on our recent historical experience with these factors. We have selected smaller hypothetical percentage changes with respect to cost of capital, which are incorporated in our non-investment grade modeling, as our recent historical experience with this factor would suggest much less volatility than changes in market spreads.
| | | | |
| | Estimated (Decrease)/Increase in Liability | |
| | (USD in thousands) | |
Change in cost of capital | | | | |
35% decline | | $ | (938 | ) |
25% decline | | $ | (666 | ) |
10% decline | | $ | (264 | ) |
10% rise | | $ | 261 | |
25% rise | | $ | 648 | |
35% rise | | $ | 903 | |
| | | | |
| | Estimated (Decrease)/Increase in Liability | |
| | (USD in thousands) | |
Change in market spread | | | | |
95% decline | | $ | (1,931 | ) |
75% decline | | $ | (1,524 | ) |
50% decline | | $ | (1,016 | ) |
50% rise | | $ | 1,016 | |
75% rise | | $ | 1,524 | |
95% rise | | $ | 1,931 | |
Debt instruments
Effective January 1, 2008, The PMI Group, Inc. adopted Topic 820 and the fair value option outlined in Topic 825. In particular, we elected to adopt the fair value option outlined in Topic 825 for certain corporate debt liabilities on the adoption date. The fair value of these corporate debt instruments is measured under level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and is derived from independent pricing services that use observable market data for similar transactions, including broker-dealer quotes and actual trade activity as a basis for valuation.
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Changes in the fair value of these corporate debt liabilities for which the fair value option was elected is principally due to changes in our credit spreads. The following table summarizes the estimated change in yield and corresponding fair value and the accounting effect on income (pre-tax) based upon reasonably likely changes in our credit spreads as of June 30, 2010, with all other factors remaining constant:
| | | | |
Change in credit spreads | | Estimated (Decrease)/Increase in Liability | |
| | (USD in thousands) | |
300 basis point decline | | $ | 67,440 | |
200 basis point decline | | $ | 42,130 | |
100 basis point decline | | $ | 19,825 | |
100 basis point increase | | $ | (17,705 | ) |
200 basis point increase | | $ | (33,665 | ) |
300 basis point increase | | $ | (48,075 | ) |
Equity market price risk
At June 30, 2010, the market value and book value of equity securities in our investment portfolio were $192.7 million and $175.8 million, respectively. Exposure to changes in equity market prices can be estimated by assessing potential changes in market values on our equity investments resulting from a hypothetical broad-based decline in equity market prices of 20%. With all other factors remaining constant, we estimated that such a decrease would reduce our investment portfolio held in equity investments by $38.5 million as of June 30, 2010. Preferred securities make up approximately 85.0% of our equity security portfolio with a market value of $163.8 million. The majority of our preferred stocks are perpetual preferreds with dividends. The fair value of the preferred securities could be affected by a deferral of dividends. We estimate that the fair value of our preferred securities would decrease if the dividends were deferred.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures — Based on their evaluation as of June 30, 2010, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) were effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting — There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
On July 13, 2010, lead plaintiff and defendants in the previously disclosed consolidated securities class action captioned,In re The PMI Group, Inc. Securities Litigation, agreed to a proposed settlement of the class action on behalf of all persons who purchased PMI Group stock between November 2, 2006 through March 3, 2008. Under the terms of the proposed settlement, defendant PMI Group, through its insurers, will pay $31,250,000 (inclusive of attorneys’ fees, administration costs, and costs of any kind associated with the resolution of the action), and all claims asserted in the lawsuit will be dismissed with prejudice. There will be no contribution from any individual defendant. The proposed settlement does not involve any admission of wrongdoing or liability and PMI Group and the individual defendants will receive a full and complete release of all claims asserted against them in the litigation. Defendants will have the option to terminate the settlement if 4% or more of the class members or shares opt out of the settlement class. The settlement of the action is contingent upon Court approval.
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The discussion of our business and financial results should be read together with the risk factors contained below and in Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010, which describe risks and uncertainties to which we are or may become subject. These risks and uncertainties have the potential to affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, or prospects in a material and adverse manner.
There can be no assurance that higher than expected losses, or earlier than expected development of such losses, will not cause MIC to be out of compliance with applicable regulatory capital adequacy requirements in the future.
In the second quarter of 2010, we completed the sale of additional common stock and convertible notes and received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $732 million. Of these proceeds, we contributed approximately $610 million to MIC in the form of capital and two surplus notes. These capital contributions to MIC caused MIC’s policyholders’ position and risk to capital ratio to comply with regulatory capital adequacy requirements. There can be no assurance, however, that the capital contributed to MIC will be sufficient to address the future capital requirements of MIC.
We expect that continued losses, earlier than expected development of losses, or the lack of material income will negatively impact MIC’s policyholders’ position and risk-to-capital ratio through 2010 and in 2011. Projecting future losses is inherently uncertain and requires significant judgment. Our expectations regarding MIC’s future losses may change significantly over time. Our losses have exceeded expectations in past periods, and our future losses could materially exceed expectations. There can be no assurance that MIC’s minimum policyholders’ position will not decline below, and risk-to-capital ratio will not increase above, levels necessary to meet regulatory capital adequacy requirements.
Each of our expectations regarding future losses, MIC’s ability to meet regulatory capital adequacy requirements and our potential need for additional capital in the future could be affected by a variety of factors. Such factors include, among others:
| • | | Current and future economic conditions, including levels of unemployment, interest rates and home prices. If unemployment rates and/or interest rates are higher in the future than expected, or the level of home price appreciation is below expectations, our losses may materially exceed expectations. |
| • | | The level of new delinquencies, the cure and claim rates of delinquencies (including the level of future modifications of delinquent loans) and the claim severity within MIC’s mortgage insurance portfolio. If the level of new delinquencies is higher than expected, the level of future modifications is lower than expected, the re-default rate of such modifications is higher than expected, or the level of cures is lower than expected, then our ultimate claim rate will be higher than expected, and our losses may be materially higher than expected. |
| • | | The level of future rescissions and claim denials and future reversals of rescissions and claim denials. If rescissions and claim denials are below expectations, our losses may be materially higher than anticipated. |
| • | | The rate at which our U.S. mortgage insurance portfolio remains in force (persistency rate). |
| • | | The timing of future claims paid. If we pay claims at a rate faster than expected, our financial condition could be materially negatively impacted. |
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| • | | Future levels of new insurance written (and the profitability of such business), which will impact future premiums written and earned and future losses. |
| • | | GSE and rating agency requirements and determinations. |
| • | | The performance of our investment portfolio and the extent to which issuers of the fixed-income securities that we own default on principal and interest payments or the extent to which we are required to impair portions of the portfolio as a result of deteriorating capital markets. |
| • | | The statutory credit MIC can continue to receive with respect to its subsidiary investments. |
| • | | The performance of PMI Europe, which is affected by the U.S. and European mortgage markets and, among other things, changes in the fair value of credit default swap (“CDS”) derivative contracts resulting from the widening of residential mortgage-backed securities credit spreads. |
| • | | Any requirements to provide capital under the PMI Europe or CMG Mortgage Insurance Company (“CMG MI”) capital support agreements. |
Many of these factors are outside of our control and difficult to predict. In addition, some of these factors, such as the views and requirements of the GSEs and rating agencies, are subjective and not subject to specific quantitative standards. Due to the inherent uncertainty and significant judgment involved in the numerous assumptions required in order to estimate our losses, loss estimates have varied widely. Various third parties, including research analysts and rating agencies, have independently estimated our losses based on their own perspectives on such assumptions. Some of these parties have projected such losses to be materially higher than our expectations and/or that the time frame in which we would have to make payments with respect to such losses will occur sooner than we anticipate. If the amount and/or timing of MIC’s mortgage insurance losses were to emerge in a manner that is consistent with certain of those third party estimates, MIC could exhaust its available claims-paying resources and capital and surplus, the GSEs could withdraw their approval of MIC as an eligible mortgage insurer and MIC could be required to cease writing new business, as discussed further below, unless we raise additional capital or are able to take other steps to enhance our capital. There is no assurance that any required capital would be available at satisfactory terms or at all, and any such additional capital could be significantly dilutive to existing shareholders or result in the issuance of securities that have rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to those of our common stock, or both.
MIC is subject to various capital adequacy requirements and could be required to cease writing new business if it fails to comply with those requirements.
If MIC’s minimum policyholders’ position were to fall below, or risk-to-capital ratio rise above, levels necessary to meet regulatory capital adequacy requirements MIC could be required to immediately suspend writing new business in some states. Any such failure to meet the capital adequacy requirements of one or more states could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and business. In seventeen states, if a mortgage insurer does not meet a required minimum policyholders’ position (which amount fluctuates and is calculated in accordance with applicable state statutory formulae) or exceeds a maximum permitted risk-to-capital ratio (generally 25 to 1), it may be prohibited from writing new business until its policyholders’ position meets the minimum or its risk-to-capital ratio falls below the limit, as applicable. Thirty-four other states do not have specific capital adequacy requirements for mortgage insurers.
In the event that MIC is unable to continue to write new mortgage insurance in one or more states, we have a plan to enable us to write new mortgage insurance in those states by PMAC, a subsidiary of MIC. PMAC is licensed to write residential mortgage guaranty insurance in 48 states. Some of our customers may choose not to purchase mortgage insurance from us in any state unless we can offer mortgage insurance through the combined companies in all fifty states or if MIC were required to cease writing business in one or more states. Subject to certain conditions and restrictions, the GSEs approved PMAC as a limited, direct issuer of mortgage guaranty insurance in certain states in which MIC is unable to continue to write new business. These approvals
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expire on December 31, 2011, and are subject to earlier termination in certain instances. In the event MIC becomes out of compliance with applicable regulatory capital adequacy requirements in the future and is unable to continue to write mortgage insurance in certain states, our inability to successfully and timely implement our PMAC plan could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operation and business.
Rescission activity may not materially reduce our loss reserve estimates at the same levels we have recently experienced, and our loss reserves will increase if we are required to reverse rescissions beyond expected levels or future rescission activity is lower than projected.
Based on PMI’s recent investigations and industry and other data, we believe that there were unexpectedly and significantly high levels of mortgage origination fraud and decreases in the quality of mortgage origination underwriting primarily in 2006 and 2007. As a result, over the past couple of years PMI has reviewed and investigated a larger volume of insured loans and PMI has rescinded coverage of a material number of loans. Between December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2010, we have rescinded delinquent loans (including primary and pool) with an aggregate risk in force of approximately $830.8 million.
As a result of these rescissions, we have reduced our loss reserves and/or risk in force for the corresponding policies. When PMI rescinds insurance coverage with respect to an investigated loan, we notify the insured of the rescission, refund all premiums associated with the insured loan, and remove the rescinded loan from our calculation of PMI’s risk in force and insurance in force. In addition, if the rescinded loan was delinquent, we cease to include that loan in our default inventory and, therefore, do not incorporate that loan into our loss reserve estimates. We expect to continue our current loan review and investigative practices on a substantial number of loans in our portfolio and expect to rescind coverage on a portion of such loans; however, we do not expect that future rescissions will continue to reduce our loss reserves and/or risk in force at the same levels as we have recently experienced.
Past rescission activity has also materially reduced our loss reserve estimates. In arriving at our loss reserve estimates, we consider, among other factors, the effect of projected future rescission activity with respect to the current inventory of delinquent insured loans. Projected future rescission activity is not expected to reduce our current loss reserve estimates in the same magnitude as in recent periods. To the extent that we are required to reverse rescissions beyond expected levels or actual future rescission activity is lower than projected (as was the case in the first half of 2010), we would be required to increase our loss reserves in future periods. If we are unsuccessful in defending these rescissions, we would need to re-establish loss reserves for, and reassume the risk on, such rescinded loans, which could materially harm our results of operations.
In some cases, our servicing customers do not produce documents necessary to perfect the claim. Most often, this is the result of the servicer’s inability to provide the loan origination file for our review. If, after repeated requests by PMI, the loan file is not produced, the claim will be denied. In our loss reserve estimation process, we do not include claim denials in our delinquent inventory and, therefore, do not incorporate them into our loss reserve estimates. Levels of claim denials have been elevated in 2008, 2009 and the first half of 2010. Between December 31, 2008 and June 30, 2010, we had claim denials (including primary and pool) with an aggregate risk in force of approximately $642.4 million. If our servicing customers ultimately produce a loan origination file on such loans, PMI may, under certain circumstances, review the file for potential claim payment. Our loss reserve estimation process takes into consideration this possibility. There can be no assurance, however, that the frequency will not exceed our expectation or that our loss reserve estimates adequately provide for such occurrences.
Loan modification and other similar programs may not materially mitigate our losses, and because the benefits to PMI’s cure rate from such programs are difficult to quantify, if we overestimate the number of loans which ultimately cure as a result of such programs, the loss reserves we establish may not be sufficient to cover our losses on existing delinquent loans, which could adversely affect our financial position.
In order to reduce foreclosures, the federal government, including through the FDIC and the GSEs, and some lenders have adopted programs to modify residential mortgage loans to make them more affordable to
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borrowers. Under the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s (“Treasury”) Home Affordable Refinance Program (“HARP”) discussed in Item 1(D)(1)(a).Business – U.S. Mortgage Insurance Operations – Products – Primary Mortgage Insurance – Primary Flow Channel in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, certain borrowers have the opportunity to refinance into loans with lower interest rates.
Under the Treasury’s Home Affordable Modification Program (“HAMP”), certain borrowers whose loans are delinquent may modify their loans if and so long as they strictly adhere to their trial modification plans and submit all required documentation during a 90 trial period, which, in many cases, can be considerably longer, in order to complete the modification process. As of June 30, 2010, 18,079 loans insured by PMI were in HAMP trial periods, compared to 23,181 loans at December 31, 2009. We do not remove from our default inventory a loan subject to a HAMP trial modification period unless and until the trial period is completed, all required documents have been received, the loan modification is closed, and the default is officially cured. Levels of modifications under HAMP and other modification programs are expected to decline and may not materially mitigate our losses and loss reserve estimates.
Under HAMP, a net present value test (the “NPV Test”) is used to determine if loan modifications will be offered. For loans owned or guaranteed by the GSEs, servicers may, depending on the results of the NPV Test and other factors, be required to offer loan modifications, as defined by HAMP, to borrowers. As of December 1, 2009, the GSEs changed how the NPV Test is used. These changes made it more difficult for some loans to be modified under HAMP. While we lack sufficient data to determine the impact of these changes, we believe that they may decrease the number of our loans that will participate in HAMP.
Based on our experience with HARP, HAMP and other loan modification programs, we expect that a modest percentage of loans in our default inventory will be successfully modified, and our loss reserve estimation process takes into consideration management’s expectations regarding the reduction to the claim rate that may occur as a result of modification programs. Our estimates of the number of loans that may cure through modification programs are inherently uncertain and involve significant judgment by management. The ultimate effect of these programs on PMI depends, among other things, on the number of loans in PMI’s portfolio that will qualify for modification and officially cure and the re-default rate of the loans that are officially modified. There is a risk that significantly fewer loans than expected will officially cure as a result of loan modification programs or that the re-default rate will be higher than expected. Because re-default rates can be affected by a number of factors (including changes in home values and unemployment rates), we cannot predict what the ultimate re-default rate will be. Accordingly, we cannot be certain what the benefits of these programs will be for PMI or whether these programs will provide material benefits to PMI, and there is no assurance that our loss reserves will be sufficient to cover future losses.
We may not be able to realize all of our deferred tax assets and may be required to record a full or partial valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets.
As of June 30, 2010, we had $535.7 million of net deferred tax assets. Topic 740 requires deferred tax assets to be reduced by a valuation allowance, with a corresponding charge to net income, if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the recorded deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods. Our management reviews the need to establish a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis, based on, among others, the severity and frequency of operating or capital losses, our capacity for the carryback or carryforward of any losses, the expected occurrence of future income or loss and available tax planning alternatives.
Due to our cumulative operating losses and the continuing economic downturn, we may not have sufficient taxable income to realize all of our deferred tax assets and have in the past recorded a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. As a result, we may be required to record a full valuation allowance or increase the current partial valuation allowance against our remaining net deferred tax assets, with a corresponding charge to net income, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. See Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations —Critical Accounting Estimates—Valuation of Deferred Tax Assets above for more discussion.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
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| | | | The PMI Group, Inc. |
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August 3, 2010 | | | | | | /s/ Donald P. Lofe, Jr. |
| | | | | | Donald P. Lofe, Jr. Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer) |
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August 3, 2010 | | | | | | /s/ Thomas H. Jeter |
| | | | | | Thomas H. Jeter Group Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller |
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Exhibit Number | | Description of Exhibit |
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1.1 | | Common Stock Underwriting Agreement, dated April 26, 2010, between the Company and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as representatives of the several underwriters named therein (collectively, the “Underwriters”) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 29, 2010 (File No. 1-13664)). |
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1.2 | | Notes Underwriting Agreement, dated April 26, 2010, between the Company and the Underwriters (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 29, 2010 (File No. 1-13664)). |
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3.1 | | Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Amendment No. 1 to the registrant’s Registration Statements on Form S-1 filed on March 2, 1995 (No. 33-88542)). |
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3.2 | | Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation effective May 24, 2010. |
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4.2 | | Form of Supplemental Indenture (including form of Note) entered into on April 30, 2010, between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company (as successor to the Original Trustee), as trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 29, 2010 (File No. 1-13664)). |
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10.1* | | Form of 2010 Stock Unit Agreement for the Chief Executive Officer. |
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10.2* | | Amendment No. 1 dated May 21, 2010 to the PMI Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan dated May 21, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 25, 2010 (File No. 1-13664)). |
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10.3 | | April 30, 2010 Fixed Rate Senior Subordinated Surplus Note due 2020 of PMI Mortgage Insurance Co. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 5, 2010 (File No. 1-13664)). |
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10.4 | | May 5, 2010 Fixed Rate Senior Subordinated Surplus Note due 2020 of PMI Mortgage Insurance Co. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 5, 2010 (File No. 1-13664)). |
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10.5 | | Amendment Agreement No. 2 to Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of April 9, 2010, among the Company, the Lenders party thereto and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on April 26, 2010 (File No. 1-13664)). |
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31.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer. |
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31.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer. |
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32.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer. |
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32.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer. |
* | Management or director contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
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