Postretirement Plans | Note 11 – Postretirement Plans Defined Benefit Pension Plans and Retiree Medical and Life Insurance Plans Many of our employees are covered by qualified defined benefit pension plans and we provide certain health care and life insurance benefits to eligible retirees (collectively, postretirement benefit plans). We also sponsor nonqualified defined benefit pension plans to provide for benefits in excess of qualified plan limits. Non-union non-union pay-based We have made contributions to trusts established to pay future benefits to eligible retirees and dependents, including Voluntary Employees’ Beneficiary Association trusts and 401(h) accounts, the assets of which will be used to pay expenses of certain retiree medical plans. We use December 31 as the measurement date. Benefit obligations as of the end of each year reflect assumptions in effect as of those dates. Net periodic benefit cost is based on assumptions in effect at the end of the respective preceding year. The rules related to accounting for postretirement benefit plans under GAAP require us to recognize on a plan-by-plan non-cash The net periodic benefit cost recognized each year included the following (in millions): Qualified Defined (a) Retiree Medical and Life Insurance Plans 2016 2015 2014 2016 2015 2014 Service cost $ 827 $ 836 $ 841 $ 24 $ 21 $ 22 Interest cost 1,861 1,791 1,912 119 110 123 Expected return on plan assets (2,666) (2,734) (2,693) (138) (147) (146) Recognized net actuarial losses 1,359 1,599 1,173 34 43 23 Amortization of net prior service (credit) cost (b) (362) (365) (134) 22 4 4 Total net periodic benefit cost $ 1,019 $ 1,127 $ 1,099 $ 61 $ 31 $ 26 (a) Total net periodic benefit cost associated with our qualified defined benefit plans represents pension expense calculated in accordance with GAAP (FAS pension expense). We are required to calculate pension expense in accordance with both GAAP and CAS rules, each of which results in a different calculated amount of pension expense. The CAS pension cost is recovered through the pricing of our products and services on U.S. Government contracts and, therefore, is recognized in net sales and cost of sales for products and services. We include the difference between FAS pension expense and CAS pension cost, referred to as the FAS/CAS pension adjustment, as a component of other unallocated, net on our consolidated statements of earnings. The FAS/CAS pension adjustment, which was $902 million in 2016, $400 million in 2015, and $317 million in 2014, effectively adjusts the amount of CAS pension cost in the business segment operating profit so that pension expense recorded on our consolidated statements of earnings is equal to FAS pension expense. FAS pension expense and CAS pension costs reflect the reclassification for discontinued operations presentation of benefits related to former IS&GS salaried employees. (b) Net of the reclassification for discontinued operations presentation of pension benefits related to former IS&GS salaried employees ($14 million in 2016, $24 million in 2015 and $17 million in 2014). The following table provides a reconciliation of benefit obligations, plan assets and unfunded status related to our qualified defined benefit pension plans and our retiree medical and life insurance plans (in millions): Qualified Defined Benefit Pension Plans Retiree Medical and Life Insurance Plans 2016 2015 2016 2015 Change in benefit obligation Beginning balance $ 43,702 $ 45,882 $ 2,883 $ 3,034 Service cost 827 836 24 21 Interest cost 1,861 1,791 119 110 Benefits paid (2,172) (2,055) (222) (307) Actuarial losses (gains) 1,402 (1,988) (135) (170) New longevity assumptions (a) (687) (834) (53) (77) Plan amendments and acquisitions (b) 110 31 (32) 157 Service cost related to discontinued operations 21 39 — — Medicare Part D subsidy — — 4 14 Participants’ contributions — — 61 101 Ending balance $ 45,064 $ 43,702 $ 2,649 $ 2,883 Change in plan assets Beginning balance at fair value $ 32,096 $ 34,673 $ 1,813 $ 1,932 Actual return on plan assets 1,470 (527) 95 (27) Benefits paid (2,172) (2,055) (222) (307) Company contributions 23 5 36 100 Medicare Part D subsidy — — 4 14 Participants’ contributions — — 61 101 Ending balance at fair value $ 31,417 $ 32,096 $ 1,787 $ 1,813 Unfunded status of the plans $ (13,647) $ (11,606) $ (862) $ (1,070) (a) We adopted new longevity assumptions originally published by the Society of Actuaries in October 2014. The Society of Actuaries refined their original publication in October 2015 and again in October 2016. (b) Includes special termination benefits of $27 million for qualified pension and $9 million for retiree medical recognized in 2016 related to former IS&GS salaried employees. The November 2015 acquisition of Sikorsky increased our qualified defined benefit pension obligations by about $30 million. The following table provides amounts recognized on our consolidated balance sheets related to our qualified defined benefit pension plans and our retiree medical and life insurance plans (in millions): Qualified Defined Benefit Pension Plans Retiree Medical and Life Insurance Plans 2016 2015 2016 2015 Prepaid pension asset $ 208 $ 201 $ — $ — Accrued postretirement benefit liabilities (13,855) (11,807) (862) (1,070) Accumulated other comprehensive loss (pre-tax) Net actuarial losses 20,184 19,632 447 627 Prior service (credit) cost (a) (2,896) (3,565) 96 167 Total (b) $ 17,288 $ 16,067 $ 543 $ 794 (a) Pre-tax (b) Accumulated other comprehensive loss related to postretirement benefit plans, after tax, of $12.0 billion and $11.3 billion at December 31, 2016 and 2015 (see “Note 12 – Stockholders’ Equity”) includes $17.3 billion ($11.2 billion after tax) and $16.1 billion ($10.4 billion after tax) for qualified defined benefit pension plans, $543 million ($351 million after tax) and $794 million ($514 million after tax) for retiree medical and life insurance plans and $677 million ($448 million after tax) and $620 million ($408 million after tax) for other plans. The accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) for all qualified defined benefit pension plans was $44.9 billion and $43.5 billion at December 31, 2016 and 2015, of which $44.8 billion and $43.4 billion related to plans where the ABO was in excess of plan assets. The ABO represents benefits accrued without assuming future compensation increases to plan participants. Certain key information related to our qualified defined benefit pension plans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows (in millions): 2016 2015 Plans where ABO was in excess of plan assets Projected benefit obligation $ 44,946 $ 43,575 Less: fair value of plan assets 31,091 31,768 Unfunded status of plans (a) (13,855) (11,807) Plans where ABO was less than plan assets Projected benefit obligation 118 127 Less: fair value of plan assets 326 328 Funded status of plans (b) $ 208 $ 201 (a) Represents accrued pension liabilities, which are included on our consolidated balance sheets. (b) Represents prepaid pension assets, which are included on our consolidated balance sheets in other noncurrent assets. We also sponsor nonqualified defined benefit plans to provide benefits in excess of qualified plan limits. The aggregate liabilities for these plans at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $1.2 billion, which also represent the plans’ unfunded status. We have set aside certain assets totaling $460 million and $421 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 in a separate trust which we expect to be used to pay obligations under our nonqualified defined benefit plans. In accordance with GAAP, those assets may not be used to offset the amount of the benefit obligation similar to the postretirement benefit plans in the table above. The unrecognized net actuarial losses at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $642 million and $632 million. The unrecognized prior service credit at December 31, 2016 was $74 million and was $95 million at December 31, 2015. The expense associated with these plans totaled $125 million in 2016, $117 million in 2015 and $115 million in 2014. We also sponsor a small number of other postemployment plans and foreign benefit plans. The aggregate liability for the other postemployment plans was $63 million and $70 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. The expense for the other postemployment plans, as well as the liability and expense associated with the foreign benefit plans, was not material to our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. The actuarial assumptions used to determine the benefit obligations and expense associated with our nonqualified defined benefit plans and postemployment plans are similar to those assumptions used to determine the benefit obligations and expense related to our qualified defined benefit pension plans and retiree medical and life insurance plans as described below. The following table provides the amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) related to postretirement benefit plans, net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (in millions): Incurred but Not Yet Recognition of Previously 2016 2015 2014 2016 2015 2014 Gains (losses) (Gains) losses Actuarial gains and losses Qualified defined benefit pension plans $ (1,236) $ (291) $ (5,505) $ 879 $ 1,034 $ 758 Retiree medical and life insurance plans 94 46 (160) 22 28 15 Other plans (62) 21 (245) 37 47 33 (1,204) (224) (5,910) 938 1,109 806 Credit (cost) (Credit) cost (a) Net prior service credit and cost Qualified defined benefit pension plans (54) (18) 2,959 (235) (235) (87) Retiree medical and life insurance plans 27 (102) (3) 14 2 3 Other plans (1) (7) 84 (9) (10) (5) (28) (127) 3,040 (230) (243) (89) $ (1,232) $ (351) $ (2,870) $ 708 $ 866 $ 717 (a) Reflects the reclassification for discontinued operations presentation of benefits related to former IS&GS salaried employees ($9 million in 2016, $16 million in 2015 and $11 million in 2014). In addition, we recognized $134 million of prior service credits from the divestiture of our IS&GS business, which were reclassified as discontinued operations. We expect that approximately $1.2 billion, or about $800 million net of tax, of actuarial losses and net prior service credit related to postretirement benefit plans included in accumulated other comprehensive loss at the end of 2016 to be recognized in net periodic benefit cost during 2017. Of this amount, $1.1 billion, or $743 million net of tax, relates to our qualified defined benefit plans and is included in our expected 2017 pension expense of $1.4 billion. Actuarial Assumptions The actuarial assumptions used to determine the benefit obligations at December 31 of each year and to determine the net periodic benefit cost for each subsequent year, were as follows: Qualified Defined Benefit Retiree Medical and Life Insurance Plans 2016 2015 2014 2016 2015 2014 Weighted average discount rate 4.125% 4.375% 4.00% 4.00% 4.25% 3.75% Expected long-term rate of return on assets 7.50% 8.00% 8.00% 7.50% 8.00% 8.00% Rate of increase in future compensation levels (for applicable bargained pension plans) 4.50% 4.50% 4.30% Health care trend rate assumed for next year 8.75% 9.00% 8.50% Ultimate health care trend rate 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% Year that the ultimate health care trend rate is reached 2032 2032 2029 The decrease in the discount rate from December 31, 2015 to December 31, 2016 resulted in an increase in the projected benefit obligations of our qualified defined benefit pension plans of approximately $1.4 billion at December 31, 2016. The increase in the discount rate from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2015 resulted in a decrease in the projected benefit obligations of our qualified defined benefit pension plans of approximately $2.1 billion at December 31, 2015. The long-term rate of return assumption represents the expected long-term rate of earnings on the funds invested, or to be invested, to provide for the benefits included in the benefit obligations. That assumption is based on several factors including historical market index returns, the anticipated long-term allocation of plan assets, the historical return data for the trust funds, plan expenses and the potential to outperform market index returns. Plan Assets Investment policies and strategies Investment policies and strategies governing the assets of the plans are designed to achieve investment objectives within prudent risk parameters. Risk management practices include the use of external investment managers; the maintenance of a portfolio diversified by asset class, investment approach and security holdings; and the maintenance of sufficient liquidity to meet benefit obligations as they come due. LMIMCo’s investment policies require that asset allocations of postretirement benefit plans be maintained within the following approximate ranges: Asset Class Asset Allocation Cash and cash equivalents 0-20% Equity 15-65% Fixed income 10-60% Alternative investments: Private equity funds 0-15% Real estate funds 0-10% Hedge funds 0-20% Commodities 0-25% Fair value measurements December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Investments measured at fair value Cash and cash equivalents (a) $ 2,301 $ 2,301 $ — $ — $ 2,658 $ 2,658 $ — $ — Equity (a) U.S. equity securities 4,166 4,139 23 4 4,790 4,771 19 — International equity securities 3,971 3,927 40 4 6,121 6,087 24 10 Commingled equity funds 2,332 788 1,544 — 1,794 614 1,180 — Fixed income (a) Corporate debt securities 4,333 — 4,316 17 3,929 — 3,914 15 U.S. Government securities 6,811 — 6,811 — 5,069 — 5,069 — U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise securities 919 — 919 — 1,377 — 1,377 — Other fixed income investments 2,215 — 2,214 1 3,252 — 3,246 6 Alternative investments: Hedge funds 33 — 33 — 57 — 57 — Private equity funds — — — — 200 — — 200 Commodities (a) 523 525 (2 ) — (26 ) 1 (27 ) — Total $ 27,604 $ 11,680 $ 15,898 $ 26 $ 29,221 $ 14,131 $ 14,859 $ 231 Investments measured at NAV (b) Commingled equity funds 60 141 Private equity funds 3,614 2,931 Real estate funds 1,411 1,108 Hedge funds 462 465 Total investments measured at NAV 5,547 4,645 Receivables, net 53 43 Total $ 33,204 $ 33,909 (a) Cash and cash equivalents, equity securities, fixed income securities and commodities included derivative assets and liabilities whose fair values were not material as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. LMIMCo’s investment policies restrict the use of derivatives to either establish long exposures for purposes of expediency or capital efficiency or to hedge risks to the extent of a plan’s current exposure to such risks. Most derivative transactions are settled on a daily basis. (b) Certain investments that are valued using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy and are included in the table to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the aggregate postretirement benefit plan assets. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the assets associated with our foreign defined benefit pension plans were not material and have not been included in the table above. The following table presents the changes during 2016 and 2015 in the fair value of plan assets categorized as Level 3 in the preceding table (in millions): Private Other Total Balance at January 1, 2015 $ — $ 61 $ 61 Actual return on plan assets: Realized losses, net — (12) (12) Unrealized gains, net — 7 7 Purchases, sales and settlements, net — (22) (22) Transfers into (out of) Level 3, net 200 (3) 197 Balance at December 31, 2015 $200 $ 31 $231 Actual return on plan assets: Realized losses, net — (6) (6) Unrealized gains, net — 3 3 Purchases, sales and settlements, net (200) (7) (207) Transfers into Level 3, net — 5 5 Balance at December 31, 2016 $ — $ 26 $ 26 Valuation techniques U.S. equity securities and international equity securities categorized as Level 1 are traded on active national and international exchanges and are valued at their closing prices on the last trading day of the year. For U.S. equity securities and international equity securities not traded on an active exchange, or if the closing price is not available, the trustee obtains indicative quotes from a pricing vendor, broker or investment manager. These securities are categorized as Level 2 if the custodian obtains corroborated quotes from a pricing vendor or categorized as Level 3 if the custodian obtains uncorroborated quotes from a broker or investment manager. Commingled equity funds categorized as Level 1 are traded on active national and international exchanges and are valued at their closing prices on the last trading day of the year. For commingled equity funds not traded on an active exchange, or if the closing price is not available, the trustee obtains indicative quotes from a pricing vendor, broker or investment manager. These securities are categorized as Level 2 if the custodian obtains corroborated quotes from a pricing vendor. Fixed income investments categorized as Level 2 are valued by the trustee using pricing models that use verifiable observable market data (e.g., interest rates and yield curves observable at commonly quoted intervals and credit spreads), bids provided by brokers or dealers or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics. Fixed income investments are categorized at Level 3 when valuations using observable inputs are unavailable. The trustee obtains pricing based on indicative quotes or bid evaluations from vendors, brokers or the investment manager. Commodities are traded on an active commodity exchange and are valued at their closing prices on the last trading day of the year. Certain commingled equity funds, consisting of equity mutual funds, are valued using the NAV. The NAV valuations are based on the underlying investments and typically redeemable within 90 days. Private Equity funds consist of partnership and co-investment Real Estate funds consist of partnerships, most of which are closed-end Hedge Funds consist of direct hedge funds for which the NAV is generally based on the valuation of the underlying investments. Redemptions in hedge funds are based on the specific terms of each fund, and generally range from a minimum of one month to several months. Contributions and Expected Benefit Payments The funding of our qualified defined benefit pension plans is determined in accordance with ERISA, as amended by the PPA, and in a manner consistent with CAS and Internal Revenue Code rules. There were no contributions to our legacy qualified defined benefit pension plans during 2016. We do not plan to make contributions to our legacy pension plans in 2017 because none are required using current assumptions including investment returns on plan assets. We made $23 million in contributions during 2016 to our newly established Sikorsky pension plan and expect to make $45 million in contributions to this plan during 2017. The following table presents estimated future benefit payments, which reflect expected future employee service, as of December 31, 2016 (in millions): 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 – 2026 Qualified defined benefit pension plans $ 2,260 $ 2,340 $ 2,420 $ 2,510 $ 2,590 $13,920 Retiree medical and life insurance plans 180 180 190 190 190 870 Defined Contribution Plans We maintain a number of defined contribution plans, most with 401(k) features, that cover substantially all of our employees. Under the provisions of our 401(k) plans, we match most employees’ eligible contributions at rates specified in the plan documents. Our contributions were $617 million in 2016, $393 million in 2015 and $385 million in 2014, the majority of which were funded in our common stock. Our defined contribution plans held approximately 36.9 million and 40.0 million shares of our common stock as of December 31, 2016 and 2015. |