| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), and include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities (VIEs) in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Fiscal Periods The Company follows a conventional 52/53 week fiscal year. Under a conventional 52/53 week fiscal year, a 52 week fiscal year includes four quarters of 13 weeks while a 53 week fiscal year includes three quarters of 13 weeks and one quarter of 14 weeks. The Company’s last 53 week fiscal year was fiscal year 2014. Fiscal years 2015, 2016 and 2017 were 52 week fiscal years. All references to years in these notes to consolidated financial statements are fiscal years unless otherwise noted. Use of Estimates The Company prepares its financial statements in conformity with GAAP, which requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates include the determination of accounts receivable allowances, inventory reserves, warranty reserves, rebate accruals, valuation of the Company’s stock awards, goodwill valuation, deferred taxes and any associated valuation allowances, tax impact of the distributor channel inventory, royalty revenues, deferred revenue, uncertain income tax positions, litigation costs and loss contingency accruals. In addition, for the year ended December 30, 2017 , certain estimates were made in calculating the provision for income taxes related to the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (2017 Tax Act) that was signed into law on December 22, 2017. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates. Reclassifications Certain amounts in the consolidated financial statements for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. Fair Value Measurements Authoritative guidance describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value: • Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. • Level 2 - Inputs other than level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. • Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Pursuant to current authoritative guidance, entities are allowed an irrevocable option to elect fair value for the initial and subsequent measurement for specified financial assets and liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis. The Company did not elect the fair value option under this guidance as to specific assets or liabilities. There were no transfers between level 1, level 2 and level 3 inputs during the years ended December 30, 2017 or December 31, 2016 . The Company carries cash and cash equivalents at cost which approximates fair value. As of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the Company had an insignificant amount of other financial assets that were required to be measured under the fair value hierarchy, the measurement of which were based on level 1 and level 2 inputs. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity from date of purchase of three months or less, or highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash, to be cash equivalents. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable consist of trade receivables recorded upon recognition of revenue for product revenues, reduced by reserves for estimated bad debts and returns. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Credit is extended based on evaluation of the customer’s financial condition. Collateral is not required. The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined based on historical write-off experience, current customer information and other relevant factors, including specific identification of past due accounts, based on the age of the receivable in excess of the contemplated or contractual due date. Accounts are charged off against the allowance when the Company believes they are uncollectible. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using a standard cost method, which approximates FIFO (first in, first out) and includes material, labor and overhead. Inventory reserves are recorded for inventory items that have become excess or obsolete or are no longer used in current production and for inventory that has a market price less than the carrying value in inventory. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives as follows: Useful Lives Aircraft and components 10 to 20 years Buildings 39 years Building improvements 7 to 15 years Computer equipment 2 to 6 years Demonstration units 3 years Furniture and office equipment 2 to 6 years Leasehold improvements Lesser of useful life or term of lease Machinery and equipment 5 to 7 years Vehicles 5 years Tooling 3 years Land is not depreciated and construction in progress is not depreciated until placed in service. Normal repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred, whereas significant improvements that materially increase values or extend useful lives are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining estimated useful lives of the related assets. Upon sale or retirement of depreciable assets, the related cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss on the sale or retirement is recognized in income. For the years ended December 30, 2017 , December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016 , depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment was $15.2 million , $13.0 million and $11.8 million , respectively. Intangible Assets Intangible assets consist primarily of patents, trademarks, software development costs, customer relationships and acquired technology. Costs related to patents and trademarks, which include legal and application fees, are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Patent and trademark amortization commences once final approval of the patent or trademark has been obtained. Patent costs are amortized over the lesser of 10 years or the patent’s remaining legal life, which assumes renewals, and trademark costs are amortized over 17 years, and their associated amortization cost is included in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. For intangibles purchased in an asset acquisition or business combination, which mainly include patents, trademarks, customer relationships and acquired technology, the useful life is determined in the same manner as noted above. For the years ended December 30, 2017 , December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016 , amortization of intangible assets was $4.9 million , $3.8 million and $4.2 million , respectively. As of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the total costs of patents not yet amortizing was $4.3 million and $5.0 million , respectively. As of each of December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the total costs of trademarks not yet amortizing was $0.6 million . For the years ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , total renewal costs capitalized for patents and trademarks was $0.2 million and $0.6 million , respectively. As of December 30, 2017 , the weighted-average number of years until the next renewal was one year for patents and six years for trademarks. The Company’s policy is to renew its patents and trademarks. Costs to renew intangibles are capitalized and amortized over the remaining useful life of the intangible. The Company continually evaluates the amortization period and carrying basis of patents and trademarks to determine whether any events or circumstances warrant a revised estimated useful life or reduction in value. Capitalized application costs are charged to operations when it is determined that the patent or trademark will not be obtained or is abandoned. In accordance with authoritative accounting guidance, costs related to the research and development of new software products and enhancements to existing software products are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility of the product has been established, at which time such costs are capitalized, subject to expected recoverability. For the years ended December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , the Company did not capitalize any software development costs. For the year ended January 2, 2016 , the Company capitalized $0.5 million of software development costs. The capitalized costs are amortized over the estimated life of the products, which is generally seven years. For the years ended December 30, 2017 , December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016 , the Company amortized $1.9 million , 0.1 million and $0.2 million of capitalized costs, respectively. The Company had unamortized software development costs of $0.8 million and $0.7 million at December 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively, which is included within intangible assets, net, on the consolidated balance sheets. Impairment of Goodwill and Intangible assets Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the acquired net tangible and intangible assets. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested at least annually for impairment, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. In assessing goodwill impairment for each of its reporting units, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The Company’s qualitative assessment of the recoverability of goodwill considers various macroeconomic, industry-specific and company-specific factors, including: (i) severe adverse industry or economic trends; (ii) significant company-specific actions; (iii) current, historical or projected deterioration of the Company’s financial performance; or (iv) a sustained decrease in the Company’s market capitalization below its net book value. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is unlikely that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative analysis is unnecessary. However, if the Company concludes otherwise, or if the Company elects to bypass the qualitative analysis, then the Company must perform a quantitative analysis that compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired; otherwise, a goodwill impairment loss is recognized for the lesser of: (a) the amount that the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value; or (b) the amount of the goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The Company performs its annual impairment test during the fourth fiscal quarter. The Company reviews identifiable intangible and other long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted operating cash flow expected to be generated by the asset. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the asset. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. During the year ended December 30, 2017 , the Company recorded an impairment charge of approximately $0.4 million related to certain software licenses that had not been placed in service. No impairment of goodwill, intangible assets or other long-lived assets was recorded during the years ended December 31, 2016 or January 2, 2016 . Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, under which the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and for net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Tax positions that meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are recognized in the first reporting period that it becomes more-likely-than-not such tax position will be sustained upon examination. A tax position that meets this more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is recorded at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Previously recognized income tax positions that fail to meet the recognition threshold in a subsequent period are derecognized in that period. Differences between actual results and the Company’s assumptions, or changes in the Company’s assumptions in future periods, are recorded in the period they become known. The Company records potential accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. As a multinational corporation, the Company is subject to complex tax laws and regulations in various jurisdictions. The application of tax laws and regulations is subject to legal and factual interpretation, judgment and uncertainty. Tax laws themselves are subject to change as a result of changes in fiscal policy, changes in legislation, evolution of regulations and court rulings. Therefore, the actual liability for U.S. or foreign taxes may be materially different from the Company’s estimates, which could result in the need to record additional liabilities or potentially to reverse previously recorded tax liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded against any deferred tax assets when, in the judgment of management, it is more likely than not that all or part of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all positive and negative evidence, including recent financial performance, scheduled reversals of temporary differences, projected future taxable income, availability of taxable income in carryback periods and tax planning strategies. The 2017 Tax Act included a number of changes to existing tax law impacting businesses including, among other things, a permanent reduction in the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, a one-time transition tax on the “deemed repatriation” of cumulative undistributed foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017 and changes in the prospective taxation of the foreign operations of U.S. multinational companies. See Note 16 - Income Taxes for additional information related to the impact of the 2017 Tax Act on our tax provision, taxes payable and deferred taxes for the year ended December 30, 2017 . Revenue Recognition and Deferred Revenue The Company follows the current authoritative guidance for revenue recognition. Based on these requirements, the Company recognizes revenue from the sale of products or services when: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, (iii) the price is fixed or determinable, and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured. In the case of the license or sale of software that does not function together with hardware components to provide the essential functionality of the hardware, revenue is recognized pursuant to the software revenue recognition guidance. The Company derives the majority of its revenue from four primary sources: (i) direct sales under long-term sensor purchase agreements with end-user hospitals where the Company provides up-front monitoring equipment at no up-front charge in exchange for a multi-year sensor purchase commitment, (ii) other direct sales of noninvasive monitoring solutions to end-user hospitals, emergency medical response organizations and other direct customers; (iii) sales of noninvasive monitoring solutions to distributors who then typically resell to end-user hospitals, emergency medical response organizations and other direct customers; and (iv) sales of integrated circuit boards to OEM customers who incorporate the Company’s embedded software technology into their multiparameter monitoring devices. The Company enters into agreements to sell its noninvasive monitoring solutions and services, sometimes as part of multiple deliverable arrangements that include various combinations of products and services. While the majority of the Company’s sales transactions contain standard business terms and conditions, there are some transactions that contain non-standard business terms and conditions. As a result, contract interpretation and analysis is sometimes required to determine the appropriate accounting, including: (i) how the arrangement consideration should be allocated among the deliverables when multiple deliverables exist, (ii) when to recognize revenue on the deliverables, and (iii) whether undelivered elements are essential to the functionality of the delivered elements. Changes in judgments on these assumptions and estimates could materially impact the timing of revenue recognition. In the case of multiple deliverable arrangements, the authoritative guidance provides a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to deliverables as follows: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) of fair value, (ii) third-party evidence of selling price (TPE), and (iii) best estimate of the selling price (ESP). VSOE of fair value is defined as the price charged when the same element is sold separately. VSOE generally exists only when the deliverable is sold separately and is the price actually charged for that deliverable. TPE generally does not exist for the majority of the Company’s products. The objective of ESP is to determine the price at which the Company would transact a sale if the product was sold on a stand-alone basis. In the absence of VSOE and TPE, the Company determines ESP for its products by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, features and functionality of the product, geographies, type of customer, contractual prices pursuant to Group Purchasing Organization (GPO) contracts, the Company’s pricing and discount practices, and market conditions. A deliverable in an arrangement qualifies as a separate unit of accounting if the delivered item has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis. Most of the Company’s products in a multiple deliverable arrangement qualify as separate units of accounting. In the case of the Company’s monitoring equipment containing embedded Masimo SET ® or rainbow SET ™ software, the Company has determined that the hardware and software components function together to deliver the equipment’s essential functionality and, therefore, represent a single deliverable. However, software deliverables, such as rainbow ® parameter software, which do not function together with hardware components to provide the equipment’s essential functionality, are accounted for under software revenue recognition guidance. The revenue for these multiple-element arrangements is allocated to the software deliverables and the non-software deliverables based on the relative selling prices of all of the deliverables in the arrangement using the hierarchy in the revenue recognition accounting guidance for arrangements with multiple deliverables. Sales under long-term sensor purchase contracts are generally structured such that the Company agrees to provide at no up-front charge certain monitoring-related equipment, software, installation, training and/or warranty support in exchange for the hospital’s agreement to purchase sensors over the term of the agreement, which generally ranges from three to six years. These contracts generally do not provide for any payments that are not dependent upon the Company’s future delivery of sensors, which are essential to the functionality of the monitoring equipment and, therefore, represent a substantive performance obligation. As a result, the Company generally does not recognize any revenue when the monitoring and related equipment and software are delivered to the hospitals, but rather recognizes revenue for these delivered elements on a pro-rata basis as the sensors are delivered under the long-term purchase commitment, when installation and training are complete. Accordingly, the cost of the monitoring and related equipment initially placed at the hospitals is deferred and amortized to cost of goods sold over the life of the underlying long-term sensor purchase contract. In cases where such contracts do provide for guaranteed payments that are unrelated to the future delivery of sensors, the Company recognizes the net present value of such payments as revenue from the monitoring and related equipment and expenses the cost of such equipment to cost of goods sold, as the equipment is delivered and when installation and training are complete. Some of the Company’s long-term sensor contracts also contain provisions for certain payments to be made directly to the end-user hospital customer at the inception of the arrangement. These payments are generally treated as prepaid discounts which are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis as contra-revenue over the life of the underlying long-term sensor purchase contract. Many of the Company’s distributors purchase sensor products that they then resell to end-user hospitals that are typically fulfilling their purchase obligations to the Company under such end-user hospital’s long-term sensor purchase commitments. Upon shipment to the distributor, revenue is deferred until the distributor ships the product to the Company’s end-user customers based on an estimate of the inventory held by these distributors at the end of the accounting period. The Company also earns revenue from the sale of integrated circuit boards and other products, as well as from rainbow ® parameter software licenses, to OEMs under various agreements. Revenue from the sale of products to the OEMs is generally recognized at the time of shipment. Revenue related to software licenses to OEMs is generally recognized upon shipment of the OEM’s product to its customers, as represented to the Company by the OEM. The Company also provides certain customers with the ability to purchase sensors under rebate programs. Under these programs, the customers may earn rebates based on their purchasing activity. The Company estimates and provides allowances for these programs at the time of sale as a reduction to revenue. In general, customers do not have a right of return for credit or refund. However, the Company allows returns under certain circumstances. At the end of each period, the Company estimates and accrues for these returns as a reduction to revenue and accounts receivable. The Company estimates returns based on several factors, including contractual limitations and past returns history. The majority of the Company’s royalty revenue arises from one agreement with Medtronic plc (Medtronic, formerly Covidien Ltd.) and is due and payable quarterly based on U.S. sales of certain Medtronic products. An estimate of these royalty revenues is recorded quarterly in the period earned based on the prior quarter’s historical results, adjusted for any new information or trends known to management at the time of estimation. This estimated revenue is adjusted prospectively when the Company receives the Medtronic royalty report, approximately sixty days after the end of the previous quarter. The Company also recognizes revenue upon the achievement of pre-agreed milestones related to non-recurring engineering (NRE) services provided for a certain OEM customer. Costs incurred by the Company related to these NRE services are generally deferred until such time that the milestones are achieved and the associated revenue is recognized. Taxes Collected From Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities Pursuant to authoritative guidance, the Company’s policy is to present revenue net of taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities. Stock-based Compensation The Company’s stock-based compensation awards are currently comprised of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance share units (PSUs), all of which are equity-classified awards. For equity-classified awards granted on or after January 1, 2006, the Company estimates the fair value of the award on the date of grant and expenses stock-based compensation over the requisite service period. In the case of PSUs, the amount of expense recognized is also dependent upon the expected achievement level for the specified performance criteria. The fair value of RSU and PSU awards is the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The fair value of stock option awards is calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which, in addition to taking into account the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date and the option exercise price, requires the input of subjective assumptions. These assumptions include estimating the length of time employees will retain their stock options before exercising them, the estimated volatility of the Company’s stock price over the expected term and the number of options that will ultimately be forfeited prior to meeting their vesting requirements. The Company has elected to recognize stock-based compensation expense related to stock options on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Shipping and Handling Costs and Revenue All shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and are recorded as a component of cost of goods sold in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Charges for shipping and handling billed to customers are included as a component of product revenue in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance. Product Warranty The Company provides a warranty against defects in material and workmanship for a period ranging from six months to forty-eight months, depending on the product type. In the case of long-term sales agreements, the Company typically warranties the products for the term of the agreement, which ranges from three to six years. In traditional sales activities, including direct and OEM sales, the Company establishes an accrual for the estimated costs of warranty at the time of revenue recognition. Estimated warranty expenses are recorded as an accrued liability, with a corresponding provision to cost of goods sold. Revenue related to extended warranty coverage is recognized over the life of the contract and the related extended warranty costs are expensed as incurred. Changes in the product warranty accrual were as follows (in thousands): Year Ended December 30, December 31, January 2, Warranty accrual, beginning of period $ 910 $ 1,222 $ 1,416 Accrual for warranties issued (including specific accrual) 1,061 871 800 Changes in pre-existing warranties (including changes in estimates) 332 110 61 Settlements made (1,154 ) (1,293 ) (1,055 ) Warranty accrual, end of period $ 1,149 $ 910 $ 1,222 Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. These costs are included in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Advertising costs for the years ended December 30, 2017 , December 31, 2016 and January 2, 2016 were $12.8 million , $11.0 million and $10.7 million , respectively. Research and Development Costs related to research and development activities are expensed as incurred. These costs include personnel costs, materials, depreciation and amortization on associated tangible and intangible assets and an allocation of facility costs, all of which are directly related to research and development activities. Litigation Costs and Contingencies The Company records a charge equal to at least the minimum estimated liability for a loss contingency or litigation settlement when both of the following conditions are met: (i) information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements, and (ii) the range of loss can be reasonably estimated. The determination of whether a loss contingency or litigation settlement is probable or reasonably possible involves a significant amount of management judgment, as does the estimation of the range of loss given the nature of contingencies. Liabilities related to litigation settlements with multiple elements are recorded based on the fair value of each element. Legal and other litigation related expenses are recognized as the services are provided. The Company records insurance and other indemnity recoveries for litigation expenses when both of the following conditions are met: (a) the recovery is probable, and (b) collectability is reasonably assured. Insurance recoveries are only recorded to the extent the litigation costs to which they relate have been incurred and recognized in the financial statements. On November 5, 2016, the Company entered into a settlement agreement (Philips Settlement Agreement) with Koninklijke Philips N.V. (Philips N.V.), which, among other things, settled all of the claims, legal proceedings and contractual disputes between the Company, Philips N.V. and its affiliates. Pursuant to the Philips Settlement Agreement, Philips N.V. paid us $300 million , $30 million of which related to certain future performance obligations by the Company and, therefore, was deferred to future periods in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance. See Note 17 - Commitments and Contingencies under the caption “ Litigation ” for additional information on this matter. Foreign Currency Translation The Company’s international headquarters is in Switzerland, and its functional currency is the U.S. Dollar. The Company has several foreign sales support subsidiaries that maintain foreign offices, of which the largest are in Japan and Europe. The functional currencies of these subsidiaries are the Japanese Yen and Euro, respectively. The Company transacts with foreign customers in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar and, in doing so, experiences realized and unrealized foreign currency gains or losses on its foreign denominated receivables. In addition, certain intercompany transactions give rise to realized and unrealized foreign currency gains or losses. Also, any other transactions between the Company or its subsidiaries and a third-party, denominated in a currency different from the functional currency, are foreign currency transactions. Realized and unrealized foreign currency gains or losses are included as a component of non-operating (income) expense within the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as incurred and are converted to U.S. Dollars at average exchange rates for the respective period. These transactions resulted in losses of $0.3 million for the year ended December 30, 2017 , gains of approximately $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 and losses of approximately $0.5 million for t |
