| Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | NOTE 1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies For all periods presented in our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, all sales, costs, expenses, gains and income taxes attributable to Mode have been reported under the captions, “Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Income Taxes.” Cash flows used in or provided by Mode have been reported in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows under operating and investing activities. Business : Hub Group, Inc. (“Hub”, “we”, “us” or “our”) provides intermodal transportation services utilizing primarily third party arrangements with railroads. Drayage can be provided by our subsidiary, Hub Group Trucking, Inc., or a third party company. We offer a dedicated fleet of equipment and drivers through Hub Group Dedicated. We also arrange for transportation of freight by truck and perform logistics services. On August 31, 2018, Hub Group, Inc. sold Mode Transportation, LLC (“Mode”), a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Disposition”). Refer to Note 4 “Discontinued Operations” for additional information regarding results from discontinued operations. On December 3, 2018, we acquired CaseStack, Inc. (“CaseStack”). Refer to Note 5 “Acquisition” for additional information regarding CaseStack. Principles of Consolidation : The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and all entities in which we have more than a 50% equity ownership or otherwise exercise unilateral control. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Cash and Cash Equivalents : We consider as cash equivalents all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, our cash and temporary investments were with high quality financial institutions in demand deposit accounts (“DDAs”), savings accounts and an interest-bearing checking account. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts: In the normal course of business, we extend credit to customers after a review of each customer’s credit history. An allowance for uncollectible trade accounts has been established through an analysis of the accounts receivable aging, an assessment of collectability based on historical trends, including receivable adjustments charged through revenue for items such as disputes, and an evaluation based on current economic conditions. Specifically, we reserve a portion of every account balance that has aged over one year, a portion of receivables that are not one year old and a portion of receivables for customers in bankruptcy and certain account balances specifically identified as uncollectible. On an annual basis, we perform a hindsight analysis to determine experience in collecting account balances over one year old, those that are not one year old and account balances in bankruptcy. We then use this hindsight analysis to establish our reserves for receivables over one year and in bankruptcy. We reserve for accounts less than one year old based on specifically identified uncollectible balances and our historic collection percentage, including receivable adjustments charged through revenue for items such as billing disputes. In establishing a reserve for certain account balances specifically identified as uncollectible, we consider the aging of the customer receivables, the specific details as to why the receivable has not been paid, the customer’s current and projected financial results, the customer’s ability to meet and sustain its financial commitments, the positive or negative effects of the current and projected industry outlook and the general economic conditions. The allowance for uncollectible accounts is reported on the balance sheet in net accounts receivable. Our reserve for uncollectible accounts was approximately $6.9 million and $6.7 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Receivables are written off once collection efforts have been exhausted. Recoveries of receivables previously charged off are recorded when received. Property and Equipment : Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation of property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method at rates adequate to depreciate the cost of the applicable assets over their expected useful lives: building and improvements, up to 40 years; leasehold improvements, the shorter of useful life or lease term; computer equipment and software, up to 10 years; furniture and equipment, up to 10 years; and transportation equipment up to 16 years. Direct costs related to internally developed software projects are capitalized and amortized over their expected useful life on a straight-line basis not to exceed 10 years. Interest is capitalized on qualifying assets under development for internal use. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred and major improvements are capitalized. The cost of assets retired or otherwise disposed of and the accumulated depreciation thereon are removed from the accounts with any gain or loss realized upon sale or disposal charged or credited to operations. We review long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In the event that the undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss equal to the excess of the assets carrying amount over its fair value, less cost to dispose, is recorded. Capitalized Internal Use Software and Cloud Computing Costs: We capitalize internal and external costs, which include costs related to the development of our cloud computing or hosting arrangements, incurred to develop internal use software per ASC Subtopic 350-40. Internal use software has both the of the following characteristics: the software is acquired, internally developed, or modified solely to meet our needs and during the development or modification, no substantive plan exists or is being developed to market the software externally. Only costs incurred during the application development stage and costs to develop or obtain software that allows for access to or conversion of old data by new systems are capitalized. Capitalization of costs begins when the preliminary project stage is complete, management has committed to funding the project and it is probable the project will be completed, and the software will be used to perform its intended function. The measurement of the costs to capitalize include fees paid to third parties, costs incurred to obtain software from third parties, travel expenses by employees in their duties associated with developing software, payroll related costs for employees who devote time spent directly on the project and interest costs incurred while developing internal-use software or implementing a hosting arrangement. Capitalization ceases no later than when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use, after all substantial testing is complete. Goodwill and Other Intangibles : Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair market value of net assets acquired in connection with our business combinations. Goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are subject to annual impairment tests. We test goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of this asset might exceed the current fair value. We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. Due to the Disposition, we only have one reporting unit. We assess qualitative factors such as current company performance and overall economic factors to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of our reporting unit was less than its carrying value and whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. In the quantitative goodwill test, a company compares the carrying value of a reporting unit to its fair value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the estimated fair value, a second step is performed, which compares the implied fair value of goodwill to the carrying value, to determine the amount of impairment. In 2019 and 2018, we performed the qualitative assessment and determined it was not, more-likely-than-not, that the fair value of our reporting unit was less than its carrying value. We evaluate the potential impairment of finite-lived acquired intangible assets when impairment indicators exist. If the carrying value is no longer recoverable based upon the undiscounted future cash flows of the asset, the amount of the impairment is the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset. Claims Accruals: We purchase insurance coverage for a portion of expenses related to employee injuries, vehicular collisions, accidents, and cargo damage. Certain insurance arrangements include high self-insurance retention limits (deductible) applicable to each claim. We have umbrella policies to limit our exposure to catastrophic claim costs. Our claims accrual policy for all self-insured claims is to recognize a liability at the time of the incident based on our analysis of the nature and severity of the claims and analyses provided by third-party claims administrators, as well as legal and regulatory factors. Our safety and claims personnel work directly with representatives from the insurance companies to continually update the estimated cost of each claim. The ultimate cost of a claim develops over time as additional information regarding the nature, timing, and extent of damages claimed becomes available. Accordingly, we use an actuarial method to develop current claim information to derive an estimate of our ultimate claim liability. This process involves the use of loss-development factors based on our historical claims experience. In doing so, the recorded liability considers future claims growth and provides an allowance for incurred-but-not-reported claims. We do not discount our estimated losses. In addition, we record receivables for amounts expected to be reimbursed for payments made in excess of self-insurance levels on covered claims. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had an accrual of approximately $20.0 million and $15.1 million, respectively for estimated claims. We had no significant receivables recorded for payments in excess of our self-insured levels. Our claims accruals are classified in accrued other and non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, based on when the claim is estimated to be paid. Concentration of Credit Risk : Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. We place our cash and temporary investments with high quality financial institutions in DDAs, savings accounts and an interest-bearing checking account. We primarily serve customers located throughout the United States with no significant concentration in any one region. No one customer accounted for more than 10% of revenue in 2019, 2018 or 2017. We review a customer’s credit history before extending credit. In addition, we routinely assess the financial strength of our customers and, as a consequence, believe that our trade accounts receivable risk is limited. Revenue Recognition : On January 1, 2018 we adopted the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers using the full retrospective method. Under this new standard our significant accounting policy for revenue is as follows: Revenue is recognized when we transfer services to our customer in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive . We account for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. We generally recognize revenue over time because of continuous transfer of control to the customer. Since control is transferred over time, revenue and related transportation costs are recognized based on relative transit time, which is based on the extent of progress towards completion of the related performance obligation. We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of services, which are capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue. Further, in most cases, we report our revenue on a gross basis because we are the primary obligor as we are responsible for providing the service desired by the customer. Our customers view us as responsible for fulfillment including the acceptability of the service. Service requirements may include, for example, on-time delivery, handling freight loss and damage claims, setting up appointments for pick-up and delivery and tracing shipments in transit. We have discretion in setting sales prices and as a result, the amount we earn varies. In addition, we have the discretion to select our vendors from multiple suppliers for the services ordered by our customers. These factors, discretion in setting prices and discretion in selecting vendors, further support reporting revenue on a gross basis for most of our revenue. Provision for Income Taxes : Deferred income taxes are recognized for the future tax effects of temporary differences between financial and income tax reporting using tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. We believe that it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will be realized based on future taxable income projections with two exceptions for which we have established valuation allowances. We have established valuation allowances of $0.1 million related to state tax net operating losses and $4.6 million related to state incentive tax credit carryforwards. In the event the probability of realizing the remaining deferred tax assets does not meet the more likely than not threshold in the future, a valuation allowance would be established for the deferred tax assets deemed unrecoverable. Tax liabilities are recorded when, in management’s judgment, a tax position does not meet the more likely than not threshold for recognition as prescribed by the guidance. For tax positions that meet the more likely than not threshold, a tax liability may be recorded depending on management’s assessment of how the tax position will ultimately be settled. We recognize interest expense and penalties related to income tax liabilities in our provision for income taxes. Earnings Per Common Share : Basic earnings per common share are based on the average quarterly weighted average number of Class A and Class B shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share are adjusted for the assumed exercise of dilutive stock options and for restricted stock which are both computed using the treasury stock method. Stock Based Compensation: Share-based compensation includes the restricted stock awards expected to vest based on the grant date fair value. Compensation expense is amortized straight-line over the vesting period and is included in salaries and benefits . New Pronouncements: I n June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. Under this new standard, companies will no longer be required to value non-employee awards differently from employee awards. This means that companies will value all equity classified awards at their grant-date and forgo revaluing the award after this date. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. This standard was adopted on January 1, 2019 and had no material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04 Intangibles – Goodwill and other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment. This ASU simplifies how all entities assess goodwill for impairment by eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. As amended, the goodwill impairment test will consist of one step comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2020, as required. The adoption of Topic 350 had no material effect on our financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASC 842, Leases, which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset (“ROU”) and a lease obligation for all leases. We adopted the standard as of January 1, 2019, as required. The standard also provides an additional transition method to assist entities with the implementation. Entities that elect this option would adopt the new standard using a modified retrospective transition method, but they would recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption rather than in the earliest period presented. We elected to apply a package of practical expedients and did not reassess at the date of initial adoption (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, or (3) initial direct costs for existing leases. Lessees can also make an accounting policy election to not recognize an asset and liability for leases with a term of twelve months or less which we elected. In 2016, the FASB issued ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, (“ASC 326”) that requires credit losses on financial instruments measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, not based on incurred losses . The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 is permitted. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2020, as required. The adoption of ASC 326 had no material impact on our consolidated financial statements as the new guidance is consistent with our current accounting policy in determining expected credit losses on financial assets . Use of Estimates : The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Significant estimates include the allowance for doubtful accounts, exposure for claims under our insurance policies and useful lives of assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
