Segment Disclosures | Note 16. Segment Disclosures Our business units have been aggregated into three practice groups: Financial Services, Benefits and Insurance Services and National Practices. The business units have been aggregated based on the following factors: similarity of the products and services provided to clients; similarity of the regulatory environment in which they operate; and similarity of economic conditions affecting long-term performance. The business units are managed along these segment lines. A general description of services provided by each practice group is provided in the table below. Financial Services Benefits and Insurance Services National Practices • Accounting and Tax • Government Healthcare Consulting • Financial Advisory • Valuation • Risk & Advisory Services • Group Health Benefits Consulting • Payroll • Property & Casualty • Retirement Plan Services • Managed Networking and Hardware Services • Healthcare Consulting Corporate and Other . Included in “Corporate and Other” are operating expenses that are not directly allocated to the individual business units. These expenses are primarily comprised of certain health care costs, gains or losses attributable to assets held in our non-qualified deferred compensation plan, share-based compensation, consolidation and integration charges, certain professional fees, certain advertising costs and other various expenses. Accounting policies of the practice groups are the same as those described in Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Upon consolidation, intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated, thus inter-segment revenue is not included in the measure of profit or loss for the practice groups. Performance of the practice groups is evaluated on operating income excluding those costs listed above, which are reported in the “Corporate and Other” segment. Segment information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 is presented below. We do not manage our assets on a segment basis, therefore segment assets are not presented below. Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Financial Services Benefits and Insurance Services National Practices Corporate and Other Total Revenue $ 153,794 $ 76,960 $ 9,036 $ — $ 239,790 Operating expenses 128,231 63,390 8,104 9,421 209,146 Gross margin 25,563 13,570 932 (9,421 ) 30,644 Corporate general & admin — — — 11,670 11,670 Operating income (loss) 25,563 13,570 932 (21,091 ) 18,974 Other income (expense): Interest expense — (14 ) — (1,507 ) (1,521 ) Gain (loss) on sale of operations, net 16 — — (161 ) (145 ) Other income, net 14 9 — 6,744 6,767 Total other income (expense) 30 (5 ) — 5,076 5,101 Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense $ 25,593 $ 13,565 $ 932 $ (16,015 ) $ 24,075 Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 Financial Services Benefits and Insurance Services National Practices Corporate and Other Total Revenue $ 146,145 $ 70,069 $ 8,035 $ — $ 224,249 Operating expenses 124,546 59,399 7,514 7,148 198,607 Gross margin 21,599 10,670 521 (7,148 ) 25,642 Corporate general & admin — — — 10,279 10,279 Operating income (loss) 21,599 10,670 521 (17,427 ) 15,363 Other (expense) income: Interest expense — (7 ) — (1,607 ) (1,614 ) Other (expense) income, net (142 ) 129 — 3,156 3,143 Total other (expense) income (142 ) 122 — 1,549 1,529 Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense $ 21,457 $ 10,792 $ 521 $ (15,878 ) $ 16,892 Segment information for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows (in thousands): Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Financial Services Benefits and Insurance Services National Practices Corporate and Other Total Revenue $ 493,311 $ 225,342 $ 26,633 $ — $ 745,286 Operating expenses 390,847 185,836 24,308 21,799 622,790 Gross margin 102,464 39,506 2,325 (21,799 ) 122,496 Corporate general & admin — — — 33,916 33,916 Operating income (loss) 102,464 39,506 2,325 (55,715 ) 88,580 Other income: Interest expense — (38 ) — (4,471 ) (4,509 ) Gain (loss) on sale of operations, net 563 — — (161 ) 402 Other (expense) income, net (188 ) 204 1 12,699 12,716 Total other income 375 166 1 8,067 8,609 Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense $ 102,839 $ 39,672 $ 2,326 $ (47,648 ) $ 97,189 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 Financial Services Benefits and Insurance Services National Practices Corporate and Other Total Revenue $ 478,485 $ 220,152 $ 24,343 $ — $ 722,980 Operating expenses 386,649 181,697 22,356 17,757 608,459 Gross margin 91,836 38,455 1,987 (17,757 ) 114,521 Corporate general & admin — — — 30,300 30,300 Operating income (loss) 91,836 38,455 1,987 (48,057 ) 84,221 Other income (expense): Interest expense — (96 ) — (5,115 ) (5,211 ) Gain on sale of operations, net — — — 663 663 Other income (expense), net 106 351 — 2,087 2,544 Total other income (expense) 106 255 — (2,365 ) (2,004 ) Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense $ 91,942 $ 38,710 $ 1,987 $ (50,422 ) $ 82,217 |