Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Revenue Recognition On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” (“ASC 606”) using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. Results for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for the prior period. Under ASC 606, the Company accounts for revenue using the following steps: ● Identify the contract, or contracts, with a customer; ● Identify the performance obligations in the contract; ● Determine the transaction price; ● Allocate the transaction price to the identified performance obligations; and ● Recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies the performance obligations. The Company combines contracts with the same customer into a single contract for accounting purposes when the contracts are entered into at or near the same time and the contracts are negotiated as a single commercial package, consideration in one contract depends on the other contract, or the services are considered a single performance obligation. If an arrangement involves multiple performance obligations, the items are analyzed to determine the separate units of accounting, whether the items have value on a standalone basis and whether there is objective and reliable evidence of their standalone selling price. The total contract transaction price is allocated to the identified performance obligations based upon the relative standalone selling prices of the performance obligations. The standalone selling price is based on an observable price for services sold to other comparable customers, when available, or an estimated selling price using a cost plus margin approach. The Company estimates the amount of total contract consideration it expects to receive for variable arrangements by determining the most likely amount it expects to earn from the arrangement based on the expected quantities of services it expects to provide and the contractual pricing based on those quantities. The Company only includes some or a portion of variable consideration in the transaction price when it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The Company considers the sensitivity of the estimate, its relationship and experience with the client and variable services being performed, the range of possible revenue amounts and the magnitude of the variable consideration to the overall arrangement. As discussed in more detail below, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services under the terms of a contract and is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. The Company does not have any material extended payment terms, as payment is due at or shortly after the time of the sale. Observable prices are used to determine the standalone selling price of separate performance obligations, or a cost plus margin approach is used when observable prices are not available. Sales, value-added and other taxes collected concurrently with revenue producing activities are excluded from revenue. The Company recognizes contract assets or unbilled receivables related to revenue recognized for services completed but not yet invoiced to the clients. Unbilled receivables are recorded as accounts receivable when the Company has an unconditional right to contract consideration. A contract liability is recognized as deferred revenue when the Company receives payments from clients in advance of performing the related services under the terms of a contract. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue when the Company has satisfied the related performance obligation. Deferred contract acquisition costs are included in other assets. Beginning January 1, 2018, with the adoption of ASC 606, the Company defers costs to acquire contracts, including commissions, incentives and payroll taxes, if they are incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a customer contract with a term exceeding one year. Deferred contract costs are reported within other assets and amortized to selling expense over the contract term, which generally ranges from one to five years. The Company has elected to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a term of less than one year as a selling expense when incurred. Prior to 2018, all contract acquisition costs were expensed as incurred. The Company recorded a transition adjustment of approximately $76 thousand increasing the opening balance of retained earnings, primarily related to the deferral and amortization of direct and incremental costs of obtaining contracts. The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s contract asset balance during the year ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands): Deferred contract acquisition costs as of January 1, 2018 $ 76 Costs capitalized 12 Amortization (29 ) Impairment (59 ) Deferred contract acquisition costs as of December 31, 2018 $ - During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $59 thousand for the remaining deferred contract acquisition costs, as they are no longer considered recoverable based on the customer’s recent credit history. The following table summarizes the impact the adoption of ASC 606 had on the Company’s consolidated financial statements (in thousands, except per share data): Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations: As reported for the 12 months ended December 31, 2018 Adjustments Balances without adoption of ASC 606 Total net revenues $ 64,689 $ 271 $ 64,960 Total cost of revenues 52,510 271 52,781 Gross profit 12,179 - 12,179 Total selling and administrative expenses 20,393 (78 ) 20,315 Loss on disposal of assets (2,135 ) - (2,135 ) Loss from operations (10,349 ) 78 (10,271 ) Other income 1,001 - 1,001 Loss before income taxes and equity method investment loss (9,348 ) 78 (9,270 ) Income tax expense 2,427 - 2,427 Equity method investment loss (552 ) - (552 ) Net loss $ (12,327 ) $ 78 $ (12,249 ) Net loss per share of common stock: Basic $ (0.86 ) 0.01 $ (0.85 ) Diluted $ (0.86 ) 0.01 $ (0.85 ) The adoption of ASC 606 did not have any net impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018, or other comprehensive loss or cash flows for the year then ended. The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by major source for the year ended December, 2018 (in thousands): Strong Cinema Convergent Strong Outdoor Other Eliminations Total Screen system sales $ 17,445 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 17,445 Digital equipment sales 9,956 4,110 - - (279 ) 13,787 Field maintenance and monitoring services 11,541 8,726 - - (486 ) 19,781 Installation services 2,055 4,356 - - - 6,411 Extended warranty sales 1,041 - - - - 1,041 Advertising - - 3,632 - - 3,632 Other 2,323 18 - 308 (57 ) 2,592 Total $ 44,361 $ 17,210 $ 3,632 $ 308 $ (822 ) $ 64,689 Screen system sales The Company recognizes revenue on the sale of its screen systems when control of the screen is transferred to the customer, usually at time of shipment. However, revenue is recognized upon delivery for certain international shipments with longer shipping transit time because control does not transfer to the customer until delivery. Digital equipment sales The Company recognizes revenue on sales of digital equipment when the control of the equipment is transferred, which occurs at the time of shipment from the Company’s warehouse or drop-shipment from a third party. The cost of freight and shipping to the customer is recognized in cost of sales at the time of transfer of control to the customer. Field maintenance and monitoring services The Company sells service contracts that provide maintenance and monitoring services to Strong Cinema and Convergent customers. In the Strong Cinema segment, these contracts are generally 12 months in length, while the term for service contracts in the Convergent segment can be for multiple years. Revenue is recognized over the term of the agreement in proportion to the costs incurred in fulfilling performance obligations under the contract. The Company also performs time and materials-based maintenance and repair work for customers in the Strong Cinema and Convergent segments. Revenue is recognized at a point in time when the performance obligation has been fully satisfied. Installation services The Company performs installation services for both its Strong Cinema and Convergent customers and recognizes revenue upon completion of the installations. Extended warranty sales The Company sells extended warranties to its Strong Cinema customers. When the Company is the primary obligor, revenue is recognized on a gross basis over the term of the extended warranty in proportion to the costs incurred in fulfilling performance obligations under the extended warranty. In third party extended warranty sales, the Company is not the primary obligor, and revenue is recognized on a net basis at the time of the sale. Advertising Strong Outdoor sells advertising space on top of taxicabs. Advertising revenue is recognized ratably over the contracted advertising periods. At January 1, 2018, $0.8 million of unearned revenue associated with maintenance and monitoring services and extended warranty sales in which the Company is the primary obligor was reported in deferred revenue and customer deposits. During the year ended December 31, 2018, all of this balance was earned and recognized as revenue. At December 31, 2018, the unearned revenue amount was $1.0 million. The Company expects to recognize $0.9 million of unearned revenue amounts in 2019 and immaterial amounts each year from 2020-2022. The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenue by the timing of transfer of goods or services to the customer for the year ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands): Strong Cinema Convergent Strong Outdoor Other Eliminations Total Point in time $ 37,456 9,565 31 $ 48 $ (822 ) $ 46,278 Over time 6,905 7,645 3,601 260 - 18,411 Total $ 44,361 $ 17,210 $ 3,632 $ 308 $ (822 ) $ 64,689 Cash and Cash Equivalents All short-term, highly liquid financial instruments are classified as cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets and statements of cash flows. Generally, these instruments have maturities of three months or less from date of purchase. As of December 31, 2018, $2.4 million of the $6.7 million in cash and cash equivalents was held by our foreign subsidiary. Restricted Cash Restricted cash represents amounts held in a collateral account for the Company’s corporate travel and purchasing credit card program. Equity Method Investments We apply the equity method of accounting to investments when we have significant influence, but not controlling interest in the investee. Judgment regarding the level of influence over each equity method investment includes considering key factors such as ownership interest, representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making decisions and material intercompany transactions. The Company’s proportionate share of the net income (loss) resulting from these investments is reported under the line item captioned “equity method investment (loss) income” in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The carrying value of our equity method investments is reported in equity method investments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s equity method investments are reported at cost and adjusted each period for the Company’s share of the investee’s income or loss and dividend paid, if any. The Company’s share of the investee’s income or loss is recorded on a one quarter lag for all equity method investments. The Company classifies distributions received from equity method investments using the cumulative earnings approach on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company assesses investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an investment may not be recoverable. The Company recorded other-than-temporary impairment charges totaling $0.7 million related to its equity method investments during the year ended December 31, 2018 and did not record any such impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2017. Note 6 contains additional information on our equity method investments. Accounts and Notes Receivable Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company determines the allowance for doubtful accounts based on several factors, including overall customer credit quality, historical write-off experience and a specific analysis that projects the ultimate collectability of the account. As such, these factors may change over time causing the allowance level and bad debt expense to be adjusted accordingly. The Company elected the fair value option on its notes receivable. Notes receivable are recorded at estimated fair value and accrue interest at 15%. Past due accounts are written off for accounts and notes receivable when our efforts have been unsuccessful in collecting amounts due. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value. Inventories include appropriate elements of material, labor and manufacturing overhead. Inventory balances are net of reserves on slow moving or obsolete inventory based on management’s review of inventories on hand compared to estimated future usage and sales, technological changes and product pricing. Business Combinations The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting for acquired businesses. Under the acquisition method, the financial statements reflect the operations of an acquired business starting from the completion of the acquisition. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Significant judgment is often required in estimating the fair value of assets acquired, particularly intangible assets. As a result, in the case of significant acquisitions, the Company normally obtains the assistance of third-party valuation specialists in estimating fair values of tangible and intangible assets. The fair value estimates are based on available historical information and on expectations and assumptions about the future, considering the perspective of marketplace participants. While management believes those expectations and assumptions are reasonable, they are inherently uncertain. Unanticipated market or macroeconomic events and circumstances may occur, which could affect the accuracy or validity of the estimates and assumptions. Intangible Assets The Company evaluates its intangible assets for impairment when there is evidence that events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values. Significant judgments and assumptions are required in the impairment evaluations. Goodwill Goodwill is not amortized and is tested for impairment at least annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may be impaired. The annual impairment test is performed as of December 31 each year. Significant judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred. The Company may consider indicators such as deterioration in general economic conditions, adverse changes in the markets in which the reporting unit operates, increases in input costs that have negative effects on earnings and cash flows, or a trend of negative or declining cash flows over multiple periods, among others. The fair value that could be realized in an actual transaction may differ from that used to evaluate the impairment of goodwill. The Company may first review for goodwill impairment by assessing qualitative factors to determine whether any impairment may exist. If the Company believes, as a result of the qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative two-step test is required; otherwise, no further testing is required. However, the Company also may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and, instead, proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test. Under the first step of the quantitative test, the fair value of each reporting unit is compared with its carrying value (including goodwill). If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, step two is not performed. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, an indication of goodwill impairment exists for the reporting unit and step two of the quantitative impairment test (measurement) is performed. Under step two, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill over the fair value of that goodwill. The fair value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation and the residual fair value after this allocation is the fair value of the reporting unit goodwill. Goodwill was recorded in connection with the acquisition of Peintures Elite, Inc. in 2013. A qualitative assessment was performed for the year ended December 31, 2018 and it was determined that no events had occurred since the acquisition that would indicate an impairment was more likely than not. Property, Plant and Equipment Significant expenditures for the replacement or expansion of property, plant and equipment are capitalized. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is provided over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets using the straight-line method. For financial reporting purposes, assets are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of 20 years for buildings and improvements, the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful life for leasehold improvements, 3 to 10 years for machinery and equipment, 7 years for furniture and fixtures and 3 years for computers and accessories. The Company generally uses accelerated methods of depreciation for income tax purposes. The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The recoverability of property, plant and equipment is based on management’s estimates of future undiscounted cash flows and these estimates may vary due to a number of factors, some of which may be outside of management’s control. To the extent that the Company is unable to achieve management’s forecasts of future income, it may become necessary to record impairment losses for any excess of the net book value of property, plant and equipment over their fair value. The Company incurs maintenance costs on all of its major equipment. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. The Company uses an estimate of its annual effective rate at each interim period based on the facts and circumstances at the time while the actual effective rate is calculated at year-end. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. In assessing whether the deferred tax assets are realizable, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company’s uncertain tax positions are evaluated in a two-step process, whereby 1) the Company determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position and 2) for those tax positions that meet the more likely than not recognition threshold, the Company would recognize the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. The Company accrues interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as income tax expense. Other Taxes Sales taxes assessed by governmental authorities, including sales, use and excise taxes, are recorded on a net basis. Such taxes are excluded from revenues and are shown as a liability on the balance sheet until remitted to the appropriate taxing authorities. Research and Development Research and development related costs are charged to operations in the period incurred. Such costs amounted to $0.1 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Advertising Costs Advertising and promotional costs are expensed as incurred and amounted to approximately $0.3 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Fair Value of Financial and Derivative Instruments Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are categorized into a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. Inputs refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk. The categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories: ● Level 1 — inputs to the valuation techniques are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities ● Level 2 — inputs to the valuation techniques are other than quoted prices but are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly ● Level 3 — inputs to the valuation techniques are unobservable for the assets or liabilities The following tables present the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value based upon the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. Fair values measured on a recurring basis at December 31, 2018 (in thousands): Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents $ 6,698 $ - $ - $ 6,698 Restricted cash 350 - - 350 Notes receivable - - 3,965 3,965 Total $ 7,048 $ - $ 3,965 $ 11,013 Fair values measured on a recurring basis at December 31, 2017 (in thousands): Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Cash and cash equivalents $ 4,870 $ - $ - $ 4,870 Notes receivable - - 2,815 2,815 Total $ 4,870 $ - $ 2,815 $ 7,685 Quantitative information about the Company’s level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2018 is set forth below (dollars in thousands): Fair value at 12/31/18 Valuation technique Unobservable input Value Notes receivable $ 3,965 Discounted cash flow Default percentage 35 % Discount rate 18 % During 2011, the Company entered into certain unsecured notes receivable arrangements with CDF2 Holdings, LLC pertaining to the sale and installation of digital projection equipment. The notes receivable accrue interest at a rate of 15% per annum. Interest not paid in any particular year is added to the principal and also accrues interest at 15%. The notes receivable are recorded at estimated fair value. In order to estimate the fair value, the Company reviews the financial position and estimated cash flows of the debtor of the notes receivable. The Company recorded increases to the fair value of the notes receivable of approximately $1.2 million and $1.1 million in other income in the consolidated statements of operations during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s note receivable are the discount rate and percentage of default. Significant increases (decreases) in any of these inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balance of the Company’s notes receivable at fair value (in thousands): 2018 2017 Notes receivable balance, beginning of period $ 2,815 $ 1,669 Fair value adjustment 1,150 1,146 Notes receivable balance, end of period $ 3,965 $ 2,815 The Company’s short-term and long-term debt is recorded at historical cost. As of December 31, 2018, the Company’s long-term debt, including current maturities, had a carrying value of $11.1 million. Based on discounted cash flows using current quoted interest rates (Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy), the estimated fair value at December 31, 2018 was $10.8 million. The carrying values of all other financial assets and liabilities, including accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and short-term debt reported in the consolidated balance sheets equal or approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Based on quoted market prices, the market value of the Company’s equity method investments was $5.5 million at December 31, 2018 (see Note 6). All non-financial assets that are not recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis, which include non-financial long-lived assets, are measured at fair value in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). During 2018, the Company recorded other-than-temporary impairment charges totaling $0.7 million related to its equity method investments. During 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded impairment charges of $2.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, in loss on sale or disposal of assets on the consolidated statements of operations related to groups of long-lived assets after the Company determined the carrying amount of the assets was not recoverable, and adjusted the carrying amount of the related assets to $0. Loss Per Common Share Basic loss per share has been computed on the basis of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share would be computed on the basis of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding after giving effect to potential common shares from dilutive stock options and certain non-vested shares of restricted stock. However, because the Company reported losses in both years presented, there were no differences between average shares used to compute basic and diluted loss per share for either of the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. Options to purchase 645,000 and 510,000 shares of common stock were outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share as the option’s exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares for the respective periods. An additional 80,855 and 141,166 common stock equivalents related to options and restricted stock units were excluded for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive, thereby decreasing the net losses per share. Stock Compensation Plans The Company recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards made to employees and directors based on estimated fair values on the date of grant. The Company uses the straight-line amortization method over the vesting period of the awards. The Company has historically issued shares upon exercise of stock options or vesting of restricted stock from new stock issuances. The Company estimates the fair value of restricted stock awards based upon the market price of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of stock options granted is calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. No stock-based compensation cost was capitalized as a part of inventory in 2018 and 2017. Post-Retirement Benefits The Company recognizes the overfunded or underfunded position of a defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability in the balance sheet, measures the plan’s assets and its obligations that determine its funded status as of each balance sheet date and recognizes the changes in the funded status through comprehensive income (loss) in the year in which the changes occur. Foreign Currency Translation For the Company’s foreign subsidiary, the environment in which the business conducts operations is considered the functional currency, generally the local currency. The assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiary are translated into the United States dollar at the foreign exchange rates in effect at the end of the period. Revenue and expenses of the Company’s foreign subsidiary are translated using an average of the foreign exchange rates in effect during the period. Translation adjustments are not included in determining net earnings but are presented in comprehensive loss within the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. Transaction gains and losses that arise from foreign exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the consolidated statement of operations as incurred. If the Company disposes of its investment in a foreign entity, any gain or loss on currency translation balance recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income is recognized as part of the gain or loss on disposition. Warranty Reserves In most instances, digital products are covered by the manufacturing firm’s warranty; however, for certain customers the Company may grant warranties in excess of the manufacturer’s warranty. In addition, the Company provides warranty coverage on screens it manufactures. The Company accrues for these costs at the time of sale. The following table summarizes warranty activity for the two years ended December 31 (in thousands): 2018 2017 Warranty accrual at beginning of period $ 521 $ 645 Charged to expense 208 309 Claims paid, net of recoveries (349 ) (462 ) Foreign currency adjustment (30 ) 29 Warranty accrual at end of period $ 350 $ 521 Contingencies The Company accrues for contingencies when its assessments indicate that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and an amount can be reasonably estimated. The Company’s estimates are based on currently available facts and its estimates of the ultimate outcome or resolution. Actual results may differ from the Company’s estimates resulting in an impact, positive or negative, on earnings. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments - Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” ASU 2016-01 requires equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted under the equity method to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income; simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment; requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments; requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial assets on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements; clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination wit |