Loans | 8. Loans Loan segments have been identified by evaluating the portfolio based on collateral and credit risk characteristics. Loans receivable consist of the following: March 31, December 31, (In Thousands) Real Estate: Residential $ 1,624,331 $ 1,535,574 Commercial 2,813,441 2,762,311 Construction 1,185,947 1,278,255 5,623,719 5,576,140 Other Loans: Commercial 1,061,142 1,055,180 Home equity and improvement 271,676 277,613 Consumer finance 212,299 213,405 1,545,117 1,546,198 Loans before deferred loan origination fees and costs 7,168,836 7,122,338 Deduct: Undisbursed construction loan funds ( 604,228 ) ( 672,775 ) Net deferred loan origination fees and costs 11,221 11,057 Allowance for credit losses ( 74,273 ) ( 72,816 ) Total loans $ 6,501,556 $ 6,387,804 The Company has responded to the pandemic in numerous ways, including by actively participating in the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) and distributing $ 636.9 million to small businesses in our markets. As of March 31, 2023 , the Company had $ 791,000 in PPP loans that remained unpaid and were included in commercial loans in the above loan table. As of December 31, 2022 , the Company had $ 1.1 million in PPP loans. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans and collateral type as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands): March 31, 2023 Real Estate Equipment and Machinery Inventory and Receivables Vehicles Total Real Estate: Residential $ 50 $ — $ — $ — $ 50 Commercial 12,787 — 1,190 — 13,977 Construction — — — — — Other Loans: Commercial 2,026 447 3,858 31 6,362 Home equity and improvement — — — — — Consumer finance — — — — — Total $ 14,863 $ 447 $ 5,048 $ 31 $ 20,389 December 31, 2022 Real Estate Equipment and Machinery Inventory and Receivables Vehicles Total Real Estate: Residential $ 51 $ — $ — $ — $ 51 Commercial 10,708 — 2,716 — 13,424 Construction — — — — — Other Loans: Commercial 2,161 523 3,858 — 6,542 Home equity and improvement — — — — — Consumer finance — — — — — Total $ 12,920 $ 523 $ 6,574 $ — $ 20,017 Non-performing loans include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually analyzed loans. All loans greater than 90 days past due are placed on non-accrual status. The following table presents the current balance of the aggregate amounts of non-performing assets, comprised of non-performing loans and real estate owned as of the dates indicated: March 31, December 31, (In Thousands) Non-accrual loans with reserve $ 19,925 $ 20,369 Non-accrual loans without reserve 14,452 13,453 Loans 90 days plus past due and still accruing — — Total non-performing loans 34,377 33,822 Real estate and other assets held for sale 393 619 Total non-performing assets $ 34,770 $ 34,441 The following table presents the aging of the amortized cost in past due and non-accrual loans as of March 31, 2023, by class of loans (in thousands): Current 30 - 59 days 60 - 89 days 90 + days Total Total Real Estate: Residential $ 1,608,696 $ 228 $ 4,254 $ 5,224 $ 9,706 $ 6,763 Commercial 2,804,630 760 21 10,122 10,903 14,187 Construction 581,575 — 144 — 144 — Other Loans: Commercial 1,050,336 494 252 4,703 5,449 5,142 Home equity and improvement 266,094 1,571 426 1,363 3,360 1,879 Consumer finance 208,619 2,976 534 2,243 5,753 2,508 PCD 17,031 431 253 2,849 3,533 3,898 Total Loans $ 6,536,981 $ 6,460 $ 5,884 $ 26,504 $ 38,848 $ 34,377 The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due and non-accrual loans as of December 31, 2022, by class of loans (in thousands): Current 30 - 59 days 60 - 89 days 90 + days Total Total Real Estate: Residential $ 1,516,135 $ 279 $ 6,350 $ 6,203 $ 12,832 $ 7,724 Commercial 2,751,933 327 878 11,477 12,682 13,396 Construction 605,043 298 139 — 437 — Other Loans: Commercial 1,044,898 413 128 4,635 5,176 4,862 Home equity and improvement 269,183 4,342 489 1,190 6,021 1,637 Consumer finance 209,062 2,763 1,397 2,227 6,387 2,401 PCD 17,082 603 495 2,651 3,749 3,802 Total Loans $ 6,413,336 $ 9,025 $ 9,876 $ 28,383 $ 47,284 $ 33,822 Loan Modifications As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the modified retrospective method under ASU 2022-02, "Trouble Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures" which eliminated trouble debt restructuring accounting for entities that have adopted ASU 2016-13, the current expected credit losses model. Occasionally, the Company modifies loans by providing principal forgiveness on certain of its real estate loans. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amortized cost basis of the loan is written off against the allowance for credit losses. The amount of the principal forgiveness is deemed to be uncollectible; therefore, that portion of the loan is written off, resulting in a reduction of amortized cost basis and a corresponding adjustments to the allowance for credit losses. In some cases, the Company will modify a certain loan by providing multiple types of concessions. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness or reduction of rate, may be granted. Of the loans modified as of March 31, 2023, none were on non-accrual status and partial charge-offs have in some cases been taken against the outstanding balance. The allowance for credit losses incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on each loan upon loan origination or acquisition. The starting point for the estimate of the allowance for credit losses is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The company uses probability of default/loss given default, discounted cash flows or remaining life method to determine the allowance for credit losses. An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification. Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses because of the measurement methodologies used to estimate the allowance, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. The following table shows the amortized cost basis at the end of the reporting period of the loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by loan category and type of modification granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 . The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of loan category is also presented below: Loans Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty Term Extension Loan Type Amortized Cost Basis Percent of total loans by Real Estate: Residential $ — — Commercial 373 0.01 % Construction — — Other Loans: Commercial 39 0.00 % Home equity and improvement — — Consumer finance — — Total $ 412 The following table describes the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty: Term Extension Loan Type Financial Effect Real Estate: Commercial Added 12 months to the life of the loan, which reduced monthly payment amounts for the borrower. Other Loans: Commercial Added 84 months to the life of the loan to term out 2 year balloon, which reduced monthly payment amounts for the borrower. Upon the Company's determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount. There were no modification loans that had a payment default during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 and were modified in the twelve months prior to that default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company closely monitors the performance of the loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The modified loans are current and have not experienced delinquency as of March 31, 2023. Credit Quality Indicators Loans are categorized into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. Loans are analyzed individually by classifying the loans by credit risk. This analysis includes all non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial and commercial real estate loans and certain homogeneous mortgage, home equity and consumer loans. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. Premier uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution's credit position at some future date. Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered to be pass rated loans. As of March 31, 2023, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans is as follows (in thousands): Class Unclassified Special Substandard Doubtful Total classified Total Real Estate: Residential $ 1,610,097 $ 493 $ 7,812 $ — $ 7,812 $ 1,618,402 Commercial 2,752,132 41,677 21,724 — 21,724 2,815,533 Construction 581,719 — — — — 581,719 Other Loans: Commercial 1,015,372 33,090 7,323 — 7,323 1,055,785 Home equity and improvement 267,587 — 1,867 — 1,867 269,454 Consumer finance 211,895 — 2,477 — 2,477 214,372 PCD 13,177 3,683 3,704 — 3,704 20,564 Total Loans (1) $ 6,451,979 $ 78,943 $ 44,907 $ — $ 44,907 $ 6,575,829 (1) Total loans are net of undisbursed funds and deferred fees and costs. As of December 31, 2022, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans is as follows (in thousands): Class Unclassified Special Substandard Doubtful Total classified Total Real Estate: Residential 1,519,657 935 8,375 — 8,375 1,528,967 Commercial 2,698,292 46,029 20,294 — 20,294 2,764,615 Construction 605,480 — — — — 605,480 Other Loans: Commercial 1,016,925 26,319 6,830 — 6,830 1,050,074 Home equity and improvement 273,613 — 1,591 — 1,591 275,204 Consumer finance 213,078 — 2,371 — 2,371 215,449 PCD 13,904 2,590 4,337 — 4,337 20,831 Total Loans (1) $ 6,340,949 $ 75,873 $ 43,798 $ — $ 43,798 $ 6,460,620 (1) Total loans are net undisbursed loan funds and deferred fees and costs The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans by credit quality indicator and class of loans as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands). Term of loans by origination 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Loans Total As of March 31, 2023 Real Estate Residential: Current-period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 5 $ — $ 5 Risk Rating Unclassified $ 42,003 $ 343,450 $ 463,431 $ 331,088 $ 92,532 $ 335,784 $ 1,809 $ 1,610,097 Special Mention — — — 178 — 315 — 493 Substandard — 325 1,366 976 721 4,424 — 7,812 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 42,003 $ 343,775 $ 464,797 $ 332,242 $ 93,253 $ 340,523 $ 1,809 $ 1,618,402 Commercial: Current-period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 112 $ 1,557 $ — $ 1,669 Risk Rating Unclassified $ 66,836 $ 585,730 $ 530,145 $ 520,817 $ 320,220 $ 714,615 $ 13,769 $ 2,752,132 Special Mention — 213 1,961 — 322 39,071 110 41,677 Substandard — 274 2,087 2,750 4,833 11,649 131 21,724 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 66,836 $ 586,217 $ 534,193 $ 523,567 $ 325,375 $ 765,335 $ 14,010 $ 2,815,533 Construction: Current-period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Risk Rating Unclassified $ 13,934 $ 355,461 $ 160,963 $ 40,998 $ 10,363 $ — $ — $ 581,719 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 13,934 $ 355,461 $ 160,963 $ 40,998 $ 10,363 $ — $ - $ 581,719 Other Loans Commercial: Current-period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 498 $ — $ — $ 498 Risk Rating Unclassified $ 51,429 $ 261,813 $ 196,844 $ 82,463 $ 46,141 $ 39,007 $ 337,675 $ 1,015,372 Special Mention 668 2,075 5,523 4,985 1,260 6,127 12,452 33,090 Substandard — 283 31 3,897 92 326 2,694 7,323 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 52,097 $ 264,171 $ 202,398 $ 91,345 $ 47,493 $ 45,460 $ 352,821 $ 1,055,785 Home equity and Improvement: Current-period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 9 $ 15 $ 24 Risk Rating Unclassified $ 4,692 $ 28,615 $ 20,528 $ 5,129 $ 3,447 $ 30,684 $ 174,492 $ 267,587 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — 30 14 — 28 440 1,355 1,867 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 4,692 $ 28,645 $ 20,542 $ 5,129 $ 3,475 $ 31,124 $ 175,847 $ 269,454 Consumer Finance: Current-period gross charge-offs $ — $ 268 $ 97 $ 36 $ 41 $ 6 $ 1 $ 449 Risk Rating Unclassified $ 16,885 $ 123,154 $ 30,347 $ 15,678 $ 11,755 $ 4,819 $ 9,257 $ 211,895 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — 958 545 553 282 70 69 2,477 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 16,885 $ 124,112 $ 30,892 $ 16,231 $ 12,037 $ 4,889 $ 9,326 $ 214,372 PCD: Current-period gross charge-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 63 $ 5 $ 68 Risk Rating Unclassified $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 127 $ 12,629 $ 421 $ 13,177 Special Mention — — — — — 758 2,925 3,683 Substandard — — — — 1 3,500 203 3,704 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ - $ 128 $ 16,887 $ 3,549 $ 20,564 Term of loans by origination 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Total As of December 31, 2022 Real Estate Residential: Risk Rating Pass $ 264,884 $ 474,992 $ 335,982 $ 93,548 $ 51,710 $ 296,089 $ 2,452 $ 1,519,657 Special Mention — — 180 30 80 78 567 935 Substandard 280 1,648 1,614 922 517 3,394 — 8,375 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 265,164 $ 476,640 $ 337,776 $ 94,500 $ 52,307 $ 299,561 $ 3,019 $ 1,528,967 Commercial: Risk Rating Pass $ 582,384 $ 506,386 $ 517,790 $ 324,210 $ 194,240 $ 557,728 $ 15,554 $ 2,698,292 Special Mention 161 3,614 — 593 25,395 15,561 705 46,029 Substandard 115 2,104 527 4,612 4,455 8,348 133 20,294 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 582,660 $ 512,104 $ 518,317 $ 329,415 $ 224,090 $ 581,637 $ 16,392 $ 2,764,615 Construction: Risk Rating Pass $ 348,570 $ 182,755 $ 53,161 $ 20,994 $ — $ — $ — $ 605,480 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 348,570 $ 182,755 $ 53,161 $ 20,994 $ — $ — $ — $ 605,480 Other Loans Commercial: Risk Rating Pass $ 266,501 $ 208,663 $ 90,014 $ 49,887 $ 23,719 $ 22,515 $ 355,626 $ 1,016,925 Special Mention 1,891 4,094 3,913 1,533 1,160 5,365 8,363 26,319 Substandard 16 119 3,897 4 190 204 2,400 6,830 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 268,408 $ 212,876 $ 97,824 $ 51,424 $ 25,069 $ 28,084 $ 366,389 $ 1,050,074 Home equity and Improvement: Risk Rating Pass $ 30,009 $ 21,116 $ 5,387 $ 3,592 $ 1,849 $ 30,509 $ 181,151 $ 273,613 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 44 14 — 28 32 502 971 1,591 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 30,053 $ 21,130 $ 5,387 $ 3,620 $ 1,881 $ 31,011 $ 182,122 $ 275,204 Consumer Finance: Risk Rating Pass $ 133,194 $ 33,109 $ 17,219 $ 13,681 $ 4,022 $ 2,529 $ 9,324 $ 213,078 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard 676 483 668 316 62 34 132 2,371 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 133,870 $ 33,592 $ 17,887 $ 13,997 $ 4,084 $ 2,563 $ 9,456 $ 215,449 PCD: Risk Rating Pass $ — $ — $ — $ 131 $ 369 $ 13,117 $ 287 $ 13,904 Special Mention — — — — — 292 2,298 2,590 Substandard — — — 2 22 3,697 616 4,337 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ — $ — $ — $ 133 $ 391 $ 17,106 $ 3,201 $ 20,831 Allowance for Credit Losses The Company has adopted ASU 2016-13 (Topic 326 – Credit Losses) to calculate the ACL, which requires a projection of credit loss over the contract lifetime of the credit adjusted for prepayment tendencies. This valuation account is deducted from the loans amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loan. The ACL is adjusted through the provision for credit losses and reduced by net charge offs of loans. The credit loss estimation process involves procedures that consider the unique characteristics of the Company’s portfolio segments. These segments are further disaggregated into the loan pools for monitoring. When computing allowance levels, a model of risk characteristics, such as loss history and delinquency status, along with current conditions and a supportable forecast is used to determine credit loss assumptions. The Company is generally utilizing two methodologies to analyze loan pools, DCF and probability of default/loss given default (“PD/LGD”). A default can be triggered by one of several different asset quality factors including past due status, non-accrual status, modification status or if the loan has had a charge-off. The PD/LGD utilizes charge off data from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council to construct a default rate. This default rate is further segmented based on the risk of the credit assigning a higher default rate to riskier credits. The DCF methodology was selected as the most appropriate for loan segments with longer average lives and regular payment structures. The DCF model has two key components, the loss driver analysis combined with a cash flow analysis. The contractual cash flow is adjusted for PD/LGD and prepayment speed to establish a reserve level. The prepayment studies are updated quarterly by a third-party for each applicable pool. The Company estimates losses over an approximate one-year forecast period using Moody’s baseline economic forecasts, and then reverts to longer term historical loss experience over a three-year period. The remaining life method was selected for the consumer direct loan segment since the pool contains loans with many different structures and payment streams and collateral. The weighted average remaining life uses an average annual charge-off rate applied to the contractual term, further adjusted for estimated prepayments to determine the unadjusted historical charge-off rate for the remaining balance of assets. Portfolio Segments Loan Pool Methodology Loss Drivers Residential real estate 1-4 Family nonowner occupied DCF National unemployment 1-4 Family owner occupied DCF National unemployment Commercial real estate Commercial real estate nonowner occupied DCF National unemployment Commercial real estate owner occupied DCF National unemployment Multi Family DCF National unemployment Agriculture Land DCF National unemployment Other commercial real estate DCF National unemployment Construction secured by real estate Construction Other PD/LGD Call report loss history Construction Residential PD/LGD Call report loss history Commercial Commercial working capital PD/LGD Call report loss history Agriculture production PD/LGD Call report loss history Other commercial PD/LGD Call report loss history Home equity and improvement Home equity and improvement PD/LGD Call report loss history Consumer finance Consumer direct Remaining life Call report loss history Consumer indirect DCF National unemployment According to the accounting standard, an entity may make an accounting policy election not to measure an ACL for accrued interest receivable if the entity writes off the applicable accrued interest receivable balance in a timely manner. The Company has made the accounting policy election not to measure an ACL for accrued interest receivables for all loan segments. Current policy dictates that a loan will be placed on nonaccrual status, with the current accrued interest receivable balance being written off, upon the loan being 90 days delinquent or when the loan is deemed to be collateral dependent and the collateral analysis shows less than 1.2 times discounted collateral coverage based on a current assessment of the value of the collateral. In addition, ASC Topic 326 requires the Company to establish a liability for anticipated credit losses for unfunded commitments. To accomplish this, the company must first establish a loss expectation for extended (funded) commitments. This loss expectation, expressed as a ratio to the amortized cost basis, is then applied to the portion of unfunded commitments not considered unilaterally cancelable and is considered by the company’s management as likely to fund over the life of the instrument. At March 31, 2023 , the Company had $ 1.7 billion in unfunded commitments and set aside $ 6.6 million in anticipated credit losses. This reserve is recorded in other liabilities as opposed to the ACL. The determination of ACL is complex and the Company makes decisions on the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. Evaluations of the loan portfolio and individual credits require certain estimates, assumptions and judgments as to the facts and circumstances related to particular situations or credits. There may be significant changes in the ACL in future periods determined by prevailing factors at that point in time along with future forecasts. The following table discloses allowance for credit loss (“ACL”) activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 by portfolio segment (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Residential Real Estate Commercial Construction Commercial Home Equity Consumer Total Beginning Allowance $ 16,711 $ 34,218 $ 4,025 $ 11,769 $ 4,044 $ 2,049 $ 72,816 Charge-Offs ( 5 ) ( 1,669 ) — ( 511 ) ( 79 ) ( 449 ) ( 2,713 ) Recoveries 22 12 — 96 21 75 226 Provisions 1,501 1,270 ( 143 ) 1,171 ( 332 ) 477 3,944 Ending Allowance $ 18,229 $ 33,831 $ 3,882 $ 12,525 $ 3,654 $ 2,152 $ 74,273 Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 Residential Real Estate Commercial Construction Commercial Home Equity Consumer Finance Total Beginning Allowance $ 12,029 $ 32,399 $ 3,004 $ 13,410 $ 4,221 $ 1,405 $ 66,468 Charge-Offs ( 140 ) ( 7 ) — ( 10 ) ( 29 ) ( 103 ) ( 289 ) Recoveries 81 59 — 102 34 114 390 Provisions ( 330 ) 1,750 ( 391 ) 319 ( 307 ) ( 415 ) 626 Ending Allowance $ 11,640 $ 34,201 $ 2,613 $ 13,821 $ 3,919 $ 1,001 $ 67,195 Purchased Credit Deteriorated Loans Under ASU Topic 326, when loans are purchased with evidence of more than insignificant deterioration of credit, they are accounted for as PCD. PCD loans acquired in a transaction are marked to fair value and a mark on yield is recorded. In addition, an adjustment is made to the ACL for the expected loss on the acquisition date. These loans are assessed on a regular basis and subsequent adjustments to the ACL are recorded on the income statement. The outstanding balance and related allowance on these loans as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is as follows (in thousands): As of March 31, 2023 As of December 31, 2022 Loan Balance ACL Balance Loan Balance ACL Balance (In Thousands) (In Thousands) Real Estate: Residential $ 11,332 $ 159 $ 11,546 $ 139 Commercial 1,442 34 1,544 34 Construction — — — — 12,774 193 13,090 173 Other Loans: Commercial 5,313 588 5,058 594 Home equity and improvement 2,222 61 2,409 80 Consumer finance 255 5 274 5 7,790 654 7,741 679 Total $ 20,564 $ 847 $ 20,831 $ 852 Foreclosure Proceedings Consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure totale d $ 3.5 million as of March 31, 2023 , and $ 4.3 million as of December 31, 2022 . |