LOANS RECEIVABLE AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | LOANS RECEIVABLE AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Loans receivable at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands): December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Amount Percent of Total Amount Percent of Total Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 1,352,999 18.1 % $ 1,327,807 18.2 % Investment properties 1,986,336 26.7 1,765,353 24.1 Multifamily real estate 248,150 3.3 472,976 6.5 Commercial construction 124,068 1.7 72,103 1.0 Multifamily construction 124,126 1.7 63,846 0.9 One- to four-family construction 375,704 5.0 278,469 3.8 Land and land development: Residential 170,004 2.3 126,773 1.7 Commercial 29,184 0.4 33,179 0.5 Commercial business 1,207,879 16.2 1,207,944 16.5 Agricultural business, including secured by farmland 369,156 5.0 376,531 5.1 One- to four-family residential 813,077 10.9 952,633 13.0 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 493,211 6.6 478,420 6.5 Consumer—other 157,254 2.1 158,470 2.2 Total loans outstanding 7,451,148 100.0 % 7,314,504 100.0 % Less allowance for loan losses (85,997 ) (78,008 ) Net loans $ 7,365,151 $ 7,236,496 Loan amounts are net of unearned loan fees in excess of unamortized costs of $5.8 million at December 31, 2016 and $5.5 million at December 31, 2015 . Net loans include net discounts on acquired loans of $31.1 million and $43.7 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. The Company’s loans to directors, executive officers and related entities are on substantially the same terms and underwriting as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unrelated persons and do not involve more than normal risk of collectability. Such loans had balances of $4.3 million and $7.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Purchased credit-impaired loans: The outstanding contractual unpaid principal balance of PCI loans, excluding acquisition accounting adjustments, were $48.4 million at December 31, 2016 and $83.4 million at December 31, 2015. The carrying balance of PCI loans were $32.3 million at December 31, 2016 and $58.6 million at December 31, 2015 . The following table presents the changes in the accretable yield for PCI loans for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): Years Ended December 31 2016 2015 Balance, beginning of period $ 10,375 $ — Additions — 13,310 Accretion to interest income (9,333 ) (2,202 ) Disposals and other (1,018 ) (1,238 ) Reclassifications from non-accretable difference 8,693 505 Balance, end of period $ 8,717 $ 10,375 As of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the non-accretable difference between the contractually required payments and cash flows expected to be collected was $15.7 million and $29.5 million , respectively. Impaired Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses: A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and circumstances, the Company determines it is probable that it will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled interest payments. Factors involved in determining impairment include, but are not limited to, the financial condition of the borrower, the value of the underlying collateral and the current status of the economy. Impaired loans are comprised of loans on nonaccrual, TDRs, and loans that are 90 days or more past due, but are still on accrual. Purchased credit-impaired loans are considered performing within the scope of the PCI accounting guidance and are not included in the impaired loan tables. The following tables provide additional information on impaired loans, excluding PCI loans, with and without specific allowance reserves at December 31, 2016 and 2015 . Recorded investment includes the unpaid principal balance or the carrying amount of loans less charge-offs and net deferred loan fees (in thousands): December 31, 2016 Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Related Allowance Without Allowance (1) With Allowance (2) Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 3,786 $ 1,778 $ 1,798 $ 175 Investment properties 9,916 4,015 5,854 580 Multifamily real estate 508 — 496 81 One- to four-family construction 1,180 — 1,180 156 Land and land development: Residential 3,012 750 1,106 219 Commercial 1,608 998 — — Commercial business 3,753 2,294 1,431 154 Agricultural business/farmland 6,438 5,886 468 35 One- to four-family residential 11,439 90 11,085 655 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 1,904 — 1,865 179 Consumer—other 391 4 388 29 $ 43,935 $ 15,815 $ 25,671 $ 2,263 December 31, 2015 Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Related Allowance Without Allowance (1) With Allowance (2) Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 1,465 $ — $ 1,416 $ 70 Investment properties 8,740 2,503 5,846 602 Multifamily real estate 359 — 357 71 Commercial construction 1,141 1,069 — — One- to four-family construction 1,741 — 1,741 161 Land and land development: Residential 3,540 750 1,634 444 Commercial 1,628 1,027 — — Commercial business 2,266 538 1,184 150 Agricultural business/farmland 1,309 544 697 43 One- to four-family residential 17,897 2,206 14,418 736 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 776 — 716 23 Consumer—other 433 — 351 7 $ 41,295 $ 8,637 $ 28,360 $ 2,307 (1) Loans without an allowance reserve have been individually evaluated for impairment and that evaluation concluded that no reserve was needed. (2) Includes general reserves for loans evaluated in pools of homogeneous loans and loans with a specific reserve allowance. Loans with a specific allowance reserve have been individually evaluated for impairment using either a discounted cash flow analysis or, for collateral dependent loans, current appraisals less costs to sell to establish realizable value. The following table summarizes our average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans by loan class for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 Year Ended December 31, 2014 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 2,721 $ 2 $ 1,467 $ 9 $ 1,841 $ 12 Investment properties 18,529 242 8,003 303 6,145 315 Multifamily real estate 513 21 362 18 795 45 One- to four-family construction 1,158 75 1,463 114 2,655 118 Land and land development: Residential 1,948 85 2,406 49 2,872 89 Commercial 1,003 — 931 — — — Commercial business 4,290 37 1,667 35 1,328 41 Agricultural business/farmland 5,004 119 1,143 19 1,866 — One- to four-family residential 11,976 441 17,770 630 26,093 870 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 1,778 17 736 11 1,248 19 Consumer—other 615 17 392 18 597 19 $ 49,535 $ 1,056 $ 36,340 $ 1,206 $ 45,440 $ 1,528 The following table presents TDRs by accrual and nonaccrual status at December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Accrual Status Nonaccrual Status Total TDRs Accrual Nonaccrual Total Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 203 $ 96 $ 299 $ 181 $ 104 $ 285 Investment properties 4,304 — 4,304 5,834 13 5,847 Multifamily real estate 349 — 349 357 — 357 One- to four-family construction 1,180 — 1,180 1,741 — 1,741 Land and land development: Residential 1,106 — 1,106 1,151 483 1,634 Commercial business 653 — 653 624 — 624 Agricultural business/farmland 3,125 79 3,204 545 277 822 One- to four-family residential 7,678 843 8,521 11,025 1,428 12,453 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 143 6 149 147 14 161 Consumer—other 166 — 166 172 — 172 $ 18,907 $ 1,024 $ 19,931 $ 21,777 $ 2,319 $ 24,096 As of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the Company had commitments to advance funds up to an additional amount of $127,000 and $237,000 , respectively, related to TDRs. The following table presents new TDRs that occurred during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (dollars in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 Number of Contracts Pre-modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Pre-modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Recorded Investment (1) (2) Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied 1 $ 194 $ 194 — $ — $ — Land and land development: Residential — — — 2 1,302 483 Agricultural business/farmland — — — 3 822 822 One- to four-family residential 1 78 78 2 431 431 2 $ 272 $ 272 7 $ 2,555 $ 1,736 (1) Since most loans were already considered classified and/or on non-accrual status prior to restructuring, the modifications did not have a material effect on the Company’s determination of the allowance for loan losses. (2) The majority of these modifications do not fit into one separate type, such as rate, term, amount, interest-only or payment, but instead are a combination of multiple types of modifications; therefore, they are disclosed in aggregate. The following table presents TDRs which incurred a payment default within the year ended December 31, 2015 for which the payment default occurred within twelve months of the restructure date. There were no TDRs that incurred a payment default in the year ended December 31, 2016. A default on a restructured loan results in a transfer to nonaccrual status, a charge-off or a combination of both (dollars in thousands): December 31, 2015 Number of Loans Amount Agricultural business/farmland 2 $ 277 One- to four-family residential 1 387 Total 3 $ 664 Credit Quality Indicators : To appropriately and effectively manage the ongoing credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management has implemented a risk-rating or loan grading system for its loans. The system is a tool to evaluate portfolio asset quality throughout each applicable loan’s life as an asset of the Company. Generally, loans and leases are risk rated on an aggregate borrower/relationship basis with individual loans sharing similar ratings. There are some instances when specific situations relating to individual loans will provide the basis for different risk ratings within the aggregate relationship. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 9. A description of the general characteristics of these categories is shown below: Overall Risk Rating Definitions : Risk-ratings contain both qualitative and quantitative measurements and take into account the financial strength of a borrower and the structure of the loan or lease. Consequently, the definitions are to be applied in the context of each lending transaction and judgment must also be used to determine the appropriate risk rating, as it is not unusual for a loan or lease to exhibit characteristics of more than one risk-rating category. Consideration for the final rating is centered in the borrower’s ability to repay, in a timely fashion, both principal and interest. There were no material changes in the risk-rating or loan grading system in 2016 . Risk Rating 1: Exceptional A credit supported by exceptional financial strength, stability, and liquidity. The risk rating of 1 is reserved for the Company’s top quality loans, generally reserved for investment grade credits underwritten to the standards of institutional credit providers. Risk Rating 2: Excellent A credit supported by excellent financial strength, stability and liquidity. The risk rating of 2 is reserved for very strong and highly stable customers with ready access to alternative financing sources. Risk Rating 3: Strong A credit supported by good overall financial strength and stability. Collateral margins are strong, cash flow is stable although susceptible to cyclical market changes. Risk Rating 4: Acceptable A credit supported by the borrower’s adequate financial strength and stability. Assets and cash flow are reasonably sound and provide for orderly debt reduction. Access to alternative financing sources will be more difficult to obtain. Risk Rating 5: Watch A credit with the characteristics of an acceptable credit but one which requires more than the normal level of supervision and warrants formal quarterly management reporting. Credits in this category are not yet criticized or classified, but due to adverse events or aspects of underwriting require closer than normal supervision. Generally, credits should be watch credits in most cases for six months or less as the impact of stress factors are analyzed. Risk Rating 6: Special Mention A credit with potential weaknesses that deserves management’s close attention is risk rated a 6. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses will result in deterioration in the capacity to repay debt. A key distinction between Special Mention and Substandard is that in a Special Mention credit, there are identified weaknesses that pose potential risk(s) to the repayment sources, versus well defined weaknesses that pose risk(s) to the repayment sources. Assets in this category are expected to be in this category no more than 9-12 months as the potential weaknesses in the credit are resolved. Risk Rating 7: Substandard A credit with well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the ability to repay in full is risk rated a 7. These credits are inadequately protected by either the sound net worth and payment capacity of the borrower or the value of pledged collateral. These are credits with a distinct possibility of loss. Loans headed for foreclosure and/or legal action due to deterioration are rated 7 or worse. Risk Rating 8: Doubtful A credit with an extremely high probability of loss is risk rated 8. These credits have all the same critical weaknesses that are found in a substandard loan; however, the weaknesses are elevated to the point that based upon current information, collection or liquidation in full is improbable. While some loss on doubtful credits is expected, pending events may strengthen a credit making the amount and timing of any loss indeterminate. In these situations taking the loss is inappropriate until it is clear that the pending event has failed to strengthen the credit and improve the capacity to repay debt. Risk Rating 9: Loss A credit that is considered to be currently uncollectible or of such little value that it is no longer a viable Bank asset is risk rated 9. Losses are taken in the accounting period in which the credit is determined to be uncollectible. Taking a loss does not mean that a credit has absolutely no recovery or salvage value but, rather, it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the credit, even though partial recovery may occur in the future. The following tables show Banner’s portfolio of risk-rated loans and non-risk-rated loans by grade or other characteristic as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): December 31, 2016 By class: Pass (Risk Ratings 1-5) (1) Special Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Loans Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 1,313,142 $ 14,394 $ 25,463 $ — $ — $ 1,352,999 Investment properties 1,948,822 23,846 13,668 — — 1,986,336 Multifamily real estate 247,258 — 892 — — 248,150 Commercial construction 124,068 — — — — 124,068 Multifamily construction 124,126 — — — — 124,126 One- to four-family construction 371,636 — 4,068 — — 375,704 Land and land development: Residential 167,764 — 2,240 — — 170,004 Commercial 25,090 — 4,094 — — 29,184 Commercial business 1,148,585 35,036 24,258 — — 1,207,879 Agricultural business, including secured by farmland 356,656 3,335 9,165 — — 369,156 One- to four-family residential 807,837 967 4,273 — — 813,077 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 490,877 5 2,327 2 — 493,211 Consumer—other 156,547 108 594 5 — 157,254 Total $ 7,282,408 $ 77,691 $ 91,042 $ 7 $ — $ 7,451,148 December 31, 2015 By class: Pass (Risk Ratings 1-5) (1) Special Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Loans Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 1,281,561 $ 19,400 $ 26,846 $ — $ — $ 1,327,807 Investment properties 1,740,720 11,528 13,105 — — 1,765,353 Multifamily real estate 468,467 138 4,371 — — 472,976 Commercial construction 72,103 — — — — 72,103 Multifamily construction 63,846 — — — — 63,846 One- to four-family construction 275,154 — 3,315 — — 278,469 Land and land development: Residential 121,536 76 5,161 — — 126,773 Commercial 25,786 2,310 5,083 — — 33,179 Commercial business 1,167,933 25,286 14,725 — — 1,207,944 Agricultural business, including secured by farmland 354,760 17,526 4,245 — — 376,531 One- to four-family residential 943,098 1,346 8,189 — — 952,633 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 476,448 — 1,967 5 — 478,420 Consumer—other 157,286 22 1,157 5 — 158,470 Total $ 7,148,698 $ 77,632 $ 88,164 $ 10 $ — $ 7,314,504 (1) The Pass category includes some performing loans that are part of homogenous pools which are not individually risk-rated. This includes all consumer loans, all one- to four-family residential loans and, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , in the commercial business category, $225.0 million and $150.0 million , respectively, of credit-scored small business loans. As loans in these homogeneous pools become non-accrual, they are individually risk-rated. (2) Non-performing loans include non-accrual loans and loans past due greater than 90 days but still on accrual status. The following tables provide additional detail on the age analysis of Banner’s past due loans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): December 31, 2016 30 – 59 Days Past Due 60 – 89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Purchased Credit-Impaired Current Total Loans Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing Non-accrual Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 1,938 $ — $ 2,538 $ 4,476 $ 13,281 $ 1,335,242 $ 1,352,999 $ — $ 3,373 Investment properties 117 — 5,447 5,564 10,168 1,970,604 1,986,336 701 4,864 Multifamily real estate — — 147 147 139 247,864 248,150 147 — Commercial construction — — — — — 124,068 124,068 — — Multifamily construction — — — — — 124,126 124,126 — — One- to four-family construction — — — — 862 374,842 375,704 — — Land and land development: Residential 48 — 750 798 — 169,206 170,004 — 750 Commercial — — 998 998 3,016 25,170 29,184 — 998 Commercial business 2,314 647 1,591 4,552 3,821 1,199,506 1,207,879 — 3,074 Agricultural business/farmland 360 1,244 2,768 4,372 684 364,100 369,156 — 3,229 One- to four-family residential 1,793 249 2,110 4,152 274 808,651 813,077 1,233 2,263 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 932 160 986 2,078 18 491,115 493,211 61 1,660 Consumer—other 1,421 154 147 1,722 59 155,473 157,254 11 215 Total $ 8,923 $ 2,454 $ 17,482 $ 28,859 $ 32,322 $ 7,389,967 $ 7,451,148 $ 2,153 $ 20,426 December 31, 2015 30–59 Days Past Due 60–89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Purchased Credit-Impaired Current Total Loans Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing Non-accrual Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 3,981 $ 139 $ 885 $ 5,005 $ 24,261 $ 1,298,541 $ 1,327,807 $ — $ 1,235 Investment properties 1,763 132 2,503 4,398 16,724 1,744,231 1,765,353 — 2,516 Multifamily real estate 4 — — 4 1,994 470,978 472,976 — — Commercial construction — — — — — 72,103 72,103 — — Multifamily construction 771 13 — 784 — 63,062 63,846 — — One- to four-family construction 2,466 220 — 2,686 905 274,878 278,469 — 1,233 Land and land development: Residential — — 747 747 77 125,949 126,773 — 1,027 Commercial — 96 — 96 4,668 28,415 33,179 — — Commercial business 1,844 174 1,024 3,042 7,302 1,197,600 1,207,944 8 2,159 Agricultural business/farmland 323 729 278 1,330 1,529 373,672 376,531 — 697 One- to four-family residential 620 873 3,811 5,304 1,066 946,263 952,633 899 4,700 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 465 60 38 563 40 477,817 478,420 4 565 Consumer—other 488 155 131 774 34 157,662 158,470 41 138 Total $ 12,725 $ 2,591 $ 9,417 $ 24,733 $ 58,600 $ 7,231,171 $ 7,314,504 $ 952 $ 14,270 The following tables provide additional information on the allowance for loan losses and loan balances individually and collectively evaluated for impairment at or for the year ended December 31, 2016 (in thousands): For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 Commercial Real Estate Multifamily Real Estate Construction and Land Commercial Business Agricultural Business One- to Four-Family Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 20,716 $ 4,195 $ 27,131 $ 13,856 $ 3,645 $ 4,732 $ 902 $ 2,831 $ 78,008 Provision for loan losses 441 (2,835 ) 5,566 1,632 (170 ) (3,402 ) 4,079 719 6,030 Recoveries 582 — 2,171 1,993 59 1,283 610 — 6,698 Charge-offs (746 ) — (616 ) (948 ) (567 ) (375 ) (1,487 ) — (4,739 ) Ending balance $ 20,993 $ 1,360 $ 34,252 $ 16,533 $ 2,967 $ 2,238 $ 4,104 $ 3,550 $ 85,997 December 31, 2016 Commercial Real Estate Multifamily Construction and Land Commercial Business Agricultural Business One- to Four-Family Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance individually evaluated for impairment $ 428 $ 64 $ 374 $ 69 $ — $ 480 $ 5 $ — $ 1,420 Allowance collectively evaluated for impairment 20,565 1,296 33,845 16,464 2,967 1,758 4,099 3,550 84,544 Allowance for purchased credit-impaired loans — — 33 — — — — — 33 Total allowance for loan losses $ 20,993 $ 1,360 $ 34,252 $ 16,533 $ 2,967 $ 2,238 $ 4,104 $ 3,550 $ 85,997 December 31, 2016 Commercial Real Estate Multifamily Construction and Land Commercial Business Agricultural Business One- to Four-Family Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Loan balances: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 10,300 $ 349 $ 4,034 $ 2,946 $ 4,766 $ 7,678 $ 309 $ — $ 30,382 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 3,305,586 247,662 815,174 1,201,112 363,706 805,125 650,079 — 7,388,444 Purchased credit-impaired loans 23,449 139 3,878 3,821 684 274 77 — 32,322 Total loans $ 3,339,335 $ 248,150 $ 823,086 $ 1,207,879 $ 369,156 $ 813,077 $ 650,465 $ — $ 7,451,148 The following tables provide additional information on the allowance for loan losses and loan balances individually and collectively evaluated for impairment at or for the year ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands): For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 Commercial Real Estate Multifamily Construction and Land Commercial Business Agricultural Business One- to Four-Family Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 18,784 $ 4,562 $ 25,545 $ 12,043 $ 3,821 $ 5,447 $ 483 $ 5,222 $ 75,907 Provision for loan losses 1,177 (480 ) 666 1,611 (878 ) (1,068 ) 1,363 (2,391 ) — Recoveries 819 113 1,811 948 1,927 772 570 — 6,960 Charge-offs (64 ) — (891 ) (746 ) (1,225 ) (419 ) (1,514 ) — (4,859 ) Ending balance $ 20,716 $ 4,195 $ 27,131 $ 13,856 $ 3,645 $ 4,732 $ 902 $ 2,831 $ 78,008 December 31, 2015 Commercial Real Estate Multifamily Construction and Land Commercial Business Agricultural Business One- to Four-Family Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance individually evaluated for impairment $ 605 $ 71 $ 418 $ 69 $ — $ 728 $ 29 $ — $ 1,920 Allowance collectively evaluated for impairment 20,111 4,124 26,713 13,732 3,645 4,004 873 2,831 76,033 Allowance for purchased credit-impaired loans — — — 55 — — — — 55 Total allowance for loan losses $ 20,716 $ 4,195 $ 27,131 $ 13,856 $ 3,645 $ 4,732 $ 902 $ 2,831 $ 78,008 December 31, 2015 Commercial Real Estate Multifamily Construction and Land Commercial Business Agricultural Business One- to Four-Family Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Loan balances: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 8,519 $ 357 $ 4,669 $ 2,223 $ 544 $ 12,185 $ 319 $ — $ 28,816 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 3,043,656 470,625 564,051 1,198,419 374,458 939,382 636,497 — 7,227,088 Purchased credit-impaired loans 40,985 1,994 5,650 7,302 1,529 1,066 74 — 58,600 Total loans $ 3,093,160 $ 472,976 $ 574,370 $ 1,207,944 $ 376,531 $ 952,633 $ 636,890 $ — $ 7,314,504 |