LOANS RECEIVABLE AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | LOANS RECEIVABLE AND THE ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Loans receivable at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands): December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Amount Percent of Total Amount Percent of Total Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 1,284,363 16.9 % $ 1,352,999 18.1 % Investment properties 1,937,423 25.5 1,986,336 26.7 Multifamily real estate 314,188 4.1 248,150 3.3 Commercial construction 148,435 2.0 124,068 1.7 Multifamily construction 154,662 2.0 124,126 1.7 One- to four-family construction 415,327 5.5 375,704 5.0 Land and land development: Residential 164,516 2.2 170,004 2.3 Commercial 24,583 0.3 29,184 0.4 Commercial business 1,279,894 16.8 1,207,879 16.2 Agricultural business, including secured by farmland 338,388 4.4 369,156 5.0 One- to four-family residential 848,289 11.2 813,077 10.9 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 522,931 6.9 493,211 6.6 Consumer—other 165,885 2.2 157,254 2.1 Total loans outstanding 7,598,884 100.0 % 7,451,148 100.0 % Less allowance for loan losses (89,028 ) (85,997 ) Net loans $ 7,509,856 $ 7,365,151 Loan amounts included net unamortized costs of $158,000 at December 31, 2017 and were net of unearned fees of $5.8 million at December 31, 2016 . Net loans include net discounts on acquired loans of $21.1 million and $31.1 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. The Company’s loans to directors, executive officers and related entities are on substantially the same terms and underwriting as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with unrelated persons and do not involve more than normal risk of collectability. Such loans had balances of $3.5 million and $4.3 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Purchased credit-impaired loans: The outstanding contractual unpaid principal balance of PCI loans, excluding acquisition accounting adjustments, were $32.5 million at December 31, 2017 and $48.4 million at December 31, 2016 . The carrying balance of PCI loans were $21.3 million at December 31, 2017 and $32.3 million at December 31, 2016 . The following table presents the changes in the accretable yield for PCI loans for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): Years Ended December 31 2017 2016 Balance, beginning of period $ 8,717 $ 10,375 Accretion to interest income (5,929 ) (9,333 ) Disposals and other (564 ) (1,018 ) Reclassifications from non-accretable difference 4,296 8,693 Balance, end of period $ 6,520 $ 8,717 As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the non-accretable difference between the contractually required payments and cash flows expected to be collected was $11.3 million and $15.7 million , respectively. Impaired Loans and the Allowance for Loan Losses: A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and circumstances, the Company determines it is probable that it will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled interest payments. Factors involved in determining impairment include, but are not limited to, the financial condition of the borrower, the value of the underlying collateral and the current status of the economy. Impaired loans are comprised of loans on nonaccrual, TDRs, and loans that are 90 days or more past due, but are still on accrual. Purchased credit-impaired loans are considered performing within the scope of the PCI accounting guidance and are not included in the impaired loan tables. The following tables provide additional information on impaired loans, excluding PCI loans, with and without specific allowance reserves at December 31, 2017 and 2016 . Recorded investment includes the unpaid principal balance or the carrying amount of loans less charge-offs and net deferred loan fees (in thousands): December 31, 2017 Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Related Allowance Without Allowance (1) With Allowance (2) Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 7,807 $ 6,447 $ 199 $ 18 Investment properties 11,296 4,200 6,884 263 One- to four-family construction 298 298 — — Land and land development: Residential 1,134 798 — — Commercial business 4,441 3,424 555 50 Agricultural business/farmland 9,388 6,230 3,031 264 One- to four-family residential 9,547 3,709 5,775 178 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 1,498 1,324 139 7 Consumer—other 134 58 73 2 $ 45,543 $ 26,488 $ 16,656 $ 782 December 31, 2016 Unpaid Principal Balance Recorded Investment Related Allowance Without Allowance (1) With Allowance (2) Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 3,786 $ 3,373 $ 203 $ 20 Investment properties 9,916 5,565 4,304 408 Multifamily real estate 508 147 349 64 One- to four-family construction 1,180 — 1,180 156 Land and land development: Residential 3,012 750 1,106 219 Commercial 1,608 998 — — Commercial business 3,753 3,074 651 69 Agricultural business/farmland 6,438 6,354 — — One- to four-family residential 11,439 3,149 8,026 479 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 1,904 1,721 144 1 Consumer—other 391 226 166 4 $ 43,935 $ 25,357 $ 16,129 $ 1,420 (1) Includes loans without an allowance reserve that have been individually evaluated for impairment and that evaluation concluded that no reserve was needed, and $10.6 million and $10.0 million of homogenous and small balance loans as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 , respectively, that are collectively evaluated for impairment for which a general reserve has been established. (2) Loans with a specific allowance reserve have been individually evaluated for impairment using either a discounted cash flow analysis or, for collateral dependent loans, current appraisals less costs to sell to establish realizable value. The following table summarizes our average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans by loan class for the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 (in thousands): Year Ended December 31, 2017 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 3,697 $ 11 $ 2,721 $ 2 $ 1,467 $ 9 Investment properties 9,136 195 18,529 242 8,003 303 Multifamily real estate 251 10 513 21 362 18 One- to four-family construction 418 27 1,158 75 1,463 114 Land and land development: Residential 1,396 42 1,948 85 2,406 49 Commercial 867 — 1,003 — 931 — Commercial business 5,996 68 4,290 37 1,667 35 Agricultural business/farmland 6,184 207 5,004 119 1,143 19 One- to four-family residential 9,499 322 11,976 441 17,770 630 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 1,635 9 1,778 17 736 11 Consumer—other 184 7 615 17 392 18 $ 39,263 $ 898 $ 49,535 $ 1,056 $ 36,340 $ 1,206 The following table presents TDRs by accrual and nonaccrual status at December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 Accrual Status Nonaccrual Status Total TDRs Accrual Nonaccrual Total Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 199 $ 87 $ 286 $ 203 $ 96 $ 299 Investment properties 6,884 — 6,884 4,304 — 4,304 Multifamily real estate — — — 349 — 349 One- to four-family construction — — — 1,180 — 1,180 Land and land development: Residential — — — 1,106 — 1,106 Commercial business 555 — 555 653 — 653 Agricultural business/farmland 3,129 29 3,158 3,125 79 3,204 One- to four-family residential 5,136 801 5,937 7,678 843 8,521 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 139 — 139 143 6 149 Consumer—other 73 — 73 166 — 166 $ 16,115 $ 917 $ 17,032 $ 18,907 $ 1,024 $ 19,931 As of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , the Company had commitments to advance funds up to an additional amount of $45,000 and $127,000 , respectively, related to TDRs. The following table presents new TDRs that occurred during the years ended December 31, 2017 , 2016 and 2015 (dollars in thousands): Number of Contracts Pre-modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Year Ended December 31, 2017 Recorded Investment (1) (2) Commercial real estate: Investment properties 1 3,714 3,714 Total 1 $ 3,714 $ 3,714 Year Ended December 31, 2016 Recorded Investment (1) (2) Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied 1 $ 194 $ 194 One- to four-family residential 1 $ 78 $ 78 Total 2 $ 272 $ 272 Year Ended December 31, 2015 Recorded Investment (1) (2) Land and land development: Residential 2 $ 1,302 $ 483 Agricultural business/farmland 3 $ 822 $ 822 One- to four-family residential 2 $ 431 $ 431 Total 7 $ 2,555 $ 1,736 (1) Since most loans were already considered classified and/or on non-accrual status prior to restructuring, the modifications did not have a material effect on the Company’s determination of the allowance for loan losses. (2) Generally these modifications do not fit into one separate type, such as rate, term, amount, interest-only or payment, but instead are a combination of multiple types of modifications; therefore, they are disclosed in aggregate. There were no TDRs which incurred a payment default within the year ended December 31, 2017 for which the payment default occurred within twelve months of the restructure date. There were no TDRs that incurred a payment default in the year ended December 31, 2016. A default on a restructured loan results in a transfer to nonaccrual status, a charge-off or a combination of both. Credit Quality Indicators : To appropriately and effectively manage the ongoing credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management has implemented a risk-rating or loan grading system for its loans. The system is a tool to evaluate portfolio asset quality throughout each applicable loan’s life as an asset of the Company. Generally, loans and leases are risk rated on an aggregate borrower/relationship basis with individual loans sharing similar ratings. There are some instances when specific situations relating to individual loans will provide the basis for different risk ratings within the aggregate relationship. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 9. A description of the general characteristics of these categories is shown below: Overall Risk Rating Definitions : Risk-ratings contain both qualitative and quantitative measurements and take into account the financial strength of a borrower and the structure of the loan or lease. Consequently, the definitions are to be applied in the context of each lending transaction and judgment must also be used to determine the appropriate risk rating, as it is not unusual for a loan or lease to exhibit characteristics of more than one risk-rating category. Consideration for the final rating is centered in the borrower’s ability to repay, in a timely fashion, both principal and interest. There were no material changes in the risk-rating or loan grading system in 2017 . Risk Rating 1: Exceptional A credit supported by exceptional financial strength, stability, and liquidity. The risk rating of 1 is reserved for the Company’s top quality loans, generally reserved for investment grade credits underwritten to the standards of institutional credit providers. Risk Rating 2: Excellent A credit supported by excellent financial strength, stability and liquidity. The risk rating of 2 is reserved for very strong and highly stable customers with ready access to alternative financing sources. Risk Rating 3: Strong A credit supported by good overall financial strength and stability. Collateral margins are strong, cash flow is stable although susceptible to cyclical market changes. Risk Rating 4: Acceptable A credit supported by the borrower’s adequate financial strength and stability. Assets and cash flow are reasonably sound and provide for orderly debt reduction. Access to alternative financing sources will be more difficult to obtain. Risk Rating 5: Watch A credit with the characteristics of an acceptable credit but one which requires more than the normal level of supervision and warrants formal quarterly management reporting. Credits in this category are not yet criticized or classified, but due to adverse events or aspects of underwriting require closer than normal supervision. Generally, credits should be watch credits in most cases for six months or less as the impact of stress factors are analyzed. Risk Rating 6: Special Mention A credit with potential weaknesses that deserves management’s close attention is risk rated a 6. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses will result in deterioration in the capacity to repay debt. A key distinction between Special Mention and Substandard is that in a Special Mention credit, there are identified weaknesses that pose potential risk(s) to the repayment sources, versus well defined weaknesses that pose risk(s) to the repayment sources. Assets in this category are expected to be in this category no more than 9-12 months as the potential weaknesses in the credit are resolved. Risk Rating 7: Substandard A credit with well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the ability to repay in full is risk rated a 7. These credits are inadequately protected by either the sound net worth and payment capacity of the borrower or the value of pledged collateral. These are credits with a distinct possibility of loss. Loans headed for foreclosure and/or legal action due to deterioration are rated 7 or worse. Risk Rating 8: Doubtful A credit with an extremely high probability of loss is risk rated 8. These credits have all the same critical weaknesses that are found in a substandard loan; however, the weaknesses are elevated to the point that based upon current information, collection or liquidation in full is improbable. While some loss on doubtful credits is expected, pending events may strengthen a credit making the amount and timing of any loss indeterminate. In these situations taking the loss is inappropriate until it is clear that the pending event has failed to strengthen the credit and improve the capacity to repay debt. Risk Rating 9: Loss A credit that is considered to be currently uncollectible or of such little value that it is no longer a viable Bank asset is risk rated 9. Losses are taken in the accounting period in which the credit is determined to be uncollectible. Taking a loss does not mean that a credit has absolutely no recovery or salvage value but, rather, it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the credit, even though partial recovery may occur in the future. The following tables show Banner’s portfolio of risk-rated loans and non-risk-rated loans by grade or other characteristic as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): December 31, 2017 By class: Pass (Risk Ratings 1-5) (1) Special Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Loans Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 1,246,125 $ 12,227 $ 26,011 $ — $ — $ 1,284,363 Investment properties 1,918,940 9,118 9,365 — — 1,937,423 Multifamily real estate 313,432 — 756 — — 314,188 Commercial construction 148,435 — — — — 148,435 Multifamily construction 154,662 — — — — 154,662 One- to four-family construction 411,802 — 3,525 — — 415,327 Land and land development: Residential 153,073 10,554 889 — — 164,516 Commercial 21,665 — 2,918 — — 24,583 Commercial business 1,213,365 12,135 54,282 112 — 1,279,894 Agricultural business, including secured by farmland 321,110 3,852 13,426 — — 338,388 One- to four-family residential 842,304 569 5,416 — — 848,289 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 520,675 — 2,256 — — 522,931 Consumer—other 165,594 13 278 — — 165,885 Total $ 7,431,182 $ 48,468 $ 119,122 $ 112 $ — $ 7,598,884 December 31, 2016 By class: Pass (Risk Ratings 1-5) (1) Special Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Loans Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 1,313,142 $ 14,394 $ 25,463 $ — $ — $ 1,352,999 Investment properties 1,948,822 23,846 13,668 — — 1,986,336 Multifamily real estate 247,258 — 892 — — 248,150 Commercial construction 124,068 — — — — 124,068 Multifamily construction 124,126 — — — — 124,126 One- to four-family construction 371,636 — 4,068 — — 375,704 Land and land development: Residential 167,764 — 2,240 — — 170,004 Commercial 25,090 — 4,094 — — 29,184 Commercial business 1,148,585 35,036 24,258 — — 1,207,879 Agricultural business, including secured by farmland 356,656 3,335 9,165 — — 369,156 One- to four-family residential 807,837 967 4,273 — — 813,077 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 490,877 5 2,327 2 — 493,211 Consumer—other 156,547 108 594 5 — 157,254 Total $ 7,282,408 $ 77,691 $ 91,042 $ 7 $ — $ 7,451,148 (1) The Pass category includes some performing loans that are part of homogenous pools which are not individually risk-rated. This includes all consumer loans, all one- to four-family residential loans and, as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 , in the commercial business category, $296.8 million and $225.0 million , respectively, of credit-scored small business loans. As loans in these homogeneous pools become non-accrual, they are individually risk-rated. The following tables provide additional detail on the age analysis of Banner’s past due loans as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): December 31, 2017 30 – 59 Days Past Due 60 – 89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Purchased Credit-Impaired Current Total Loans Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing Non-accrual Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 5,323 $ 76 $ 5,490 $ 10,889 $ 7,682 $ 1,265,792 $ 1,284,363 $ — $ 6,447 Investment properties 1,737 — 4,096 5,833 7,166 1,924,424 1,937,423 — 4,199 Multifamily real estate 105 — — 105 169 313,914 314,188 — — Commercial construction — — — — — 148,435 148,435 — — Multifamily construction 3,416 — — 3,416 — 151,246 154,662 — — One- to four-family construction 4,892 725 298 5,915 446 408,966 415,327 298 — Land and land development: Residential — — 798 798 — 163,718 164,516 — 798 Commercial — — — — 2,919 21,664 24,583 — — Commercial business 1,574 404 2,577 4,555 2,159 1,273,180 1,279,894 18 3,406 Agricultural business/farmland 598 533 2,017 3,148 565 334,675 338,388 — 6,132 One- to four-family residential 4,475 1,241 2,715 8,431 136 839,722 848,289 1,085 3,264 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 1,355 62 713 2,130 — 520,801 522,931 85 1,239 Consumer—other 609 136 15 760 68 165,057 165,885 — 58 Total $ 24,084 $ 3,177 $ 18,719 $ 45,980 $ 21,310 $ 7,531,594 $ 7,598,884 $ 1,486 $ 25,543 December 31, 2016 30–59 Days Past Due 60–89 Days Past Due 90 Days or More Past Due Total Past Due Purchased Credit-Impaired Current Total Loans Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing Non-accrual Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied $ 1,938 $ — $ 2,538 $ 4,476 $ 13,281 $ 1,335,242 $ 1,352,999 $ — $ 3,373 Investment properties 117 — 5,447 5,564 10,168 1,970,604 1,986,336 701 4,864 Multifamily real estate — — 147 147 139 247,864 248,150 147 — Commercial construction — — — — — 124,068 124,068 — — Multifamily construction — — — — — 124,126 124,126 — — One- to four-family construction — — — — 862 374,842 375,704 — — Land and land development: Residential 48 — 750 798 — 169,206 170,004 — 750 Commercial — — 998 998 3,016 25,170 29,184 — 998 Commercial business 2,314 647 1,591 4,552 3,821 1,199,506 1,207,879 — 3,074 Agricultural business/farmland 360 1,244 2,768 4,372 684 364,100 369,156 — 3,229 One- to four-family residential 1,793 249 2,110 4,152 274 808,651 813,077 1,233 2,263 Consumer: Consumer secured by one- to four-family 932 160 986 2,078 18 491,115 493,211 61 1,660 Consumer—other 1,421 154 147 1,722 59 155,473 157,254 11 215 Total $ 8,923 $ 2,454 $ 17,482 $ 28,859 $ 32,322 $ 7,389,967 $ 7,451,148 $ 2,153 $ 20,426 The following tables provide additional information on the allowance for loan losses and loan balances individually and collectively evaluated for impairment at or for the year ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands): For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Commercial Real Estate Multifamily Real Estate Construction and Land Commercial Business Agricultural Business One- to Four-Family Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 20,993 $ 1,360 $ 34,252 $ 16,533 $ 2,967 $ 2,238 $ 4,104 $ 3,550 $ 85,997 Provision for loan losses 2,639 262 (7,921 ) 4,355 3,326 (415 ) 586 5,168 8,000 Recoveries 372 11 1,237 1,226 134 270 481 — 3,731 Charge-offs (1,180 ) — — (3,803 ) (2,374 ) (38 ) (1,305 ) — (8,700 ) Ending balance $ 22,824 $ 1,633 $ 27,568 $ 18,311 $ 4,053 $ 2,055 $ 3,866 $ 8,718 $ 89,028 December 31, 2017 Commercial Real Estate Multifamily Construction and Land Commercial Business Agricultural Business One- to Four-Family Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance individually evaluated for impairment $ 281 $ — $ — $ 50 $ 264 $ 178 $ 9 $ — $ 782 Allowance collectively evaluated for impairment 22,543 1,633 27,567 18,214 3,676 1,877 3,857 8,718 88,085 Allowance for purchased credit-impaired loans — — 1 47 113 — — — 161 Total allowance for loan losses $ 22,824 $ 1,633 $ 27,568 $ 18,311 $ 4,053 $ 2,055 $ 3,866 $ 8,718 $ 89,028 December 31, 2017 Commercial Real Estate Multifamily Construction and Land Commercial Business Agricultural Business One- to Four-Family Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Loan balances: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 16,017 $ — $ 750 $ 1,812 $ 8,585 $ 5,136 $ 212 $ — $ 32,512 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 3,190,921 314,019 903,408 1,275,923 329,238 843,017 688,536 — 7,545,062 Purchased credit-impaired loans 14,848 169 3,365 2,159 565 136 68 — 21,310 Total loans $ 3,221,786 $ 314,188 $ 907,523 $ 1,279,894 $ 338,388 $ 848,289 $ 688,816 $ — $ 7,598,884 The following tables provide additional information on the allowance for loan losses and loan balances individually and collectively evaluated for impairment at or for the year ended December 31, 2016 (in thousands): For the Year Ended December 31, 2016 Commercial Real Estate Multifamily Construction and Land Commercial Business Agricultural Business One- to Four-Family Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 20,716 $ 4,195 $ 27,131 $ 13,856 $ 3,645 $ 4,732 $ 902 $ 2,831 $ 78,008 Provision for loan losses 441 (2,835 ) 5,566 1,632 (170 ) (3,402 ) 4,079 719 6,030 Recoveries 582 — 2,171 1,993 59 1,283 610 — 6,698 Charge-offs (746 ) — (616 ) (948 ) (567 ) (375 ) (1,487 ) — (4,739 ) Ending balance $ 20,993 $ 1,360 $ 34,252 $ 16,533 $ 2,967 $ 2,238 $ 4,104 $ 3,550 $ 85,997 December 31, 2016 Commercial Real Estate Multifamily Construction and Land Commercial Business Agricultural Business One- to Four-Family Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance individually evaluated for impairment $ 428 $ 64 $ 374 $ 69 $ — $ 480 $ 5 $ — $ 1,420 Allowance collectively evaluated for impairment 20,565 1,296 33,845 16,464 2,967 1,758 4,099 3,550 84,544 Allowance for purchased credit-impaired loans — — 33 — — — — — 33 Total allowance for loan losses $ 20,993 $ 1,360 $ 34,252 $ 16,533 $ 2,967 $ 2,238 $ 4,104 $ 3,550 $ 85,997 December 31, 2016 Commercial Real Estate Multifamily Construction and Land Commercial Business Agricultural Business One- to Four-Family Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Loan balances: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 10,300 $ 349 $ 4,034 $ 2,946 $ 4,766 $ 7,678 $ 309 $ — $ 30,382 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 3,305,586 247,662 815,174 1,201,112 363,706 805,125 650,079 — 7,388,444 Purchased credit-impaired loans 23,449 139 3,878 3,821 684 274 77 — 32,322 Total loans $ 3,339,335 $ 248,150 $ 823,086 $ 1,207,879 $ 369,156 $ 813,077 $ 650,465 $ — $ 7,451,148 The following table provides additional information on the allowance for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2015 (in thousands): For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 Commercial Real Estate Multifamily Construction and Land Commercial Business Agricultural Business One- to Four-Family Residential Consumer Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 18,784 $ 4,562 $ 25,545 $ 12,043 $ 3,821 $ 5,447 $ 483 $ 5,222 $ 75,907 Provision for loan losses 1,177 (480 ) 666 1,611 (878 ) (1,068 ) 1,363 (2,391 ) — Recoveries 819 113 1,811 948 1,927 772 570 — 6,960 Charge-offs (64 ) — (891 ) (746 ) (1,225 ) (419 ) (1,514 ) — (4,859 ) Ending balance $ 20,716 $ 4,195 $ 27,131 $ 13,856 $ 3,645 $ 4,732 $ 902 $ 2,831 $ 78,008 |