Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of consolidation Goodwill Cash and cash equivalents Marketable securities- Inventories - Property, plant and equipment Leasehold land and buildings 30 - 50 years Plant and machinery 5 - 15 years Furniture, fixtures and equipment 4 - 5 years Motor vehicles 3 - 5 years Leasehold improvements 2 - 5years Leases When the Company is the lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable term of the lease. With respect to a particular lease, actual amounts billed in accordance with the lease during any given period may be higher or lower than the amount of rental revenue recognized for the period. Straight-line rental revenue commences when the customer assumes control of the leased premises. Accrued straight-line rents receivable represents the amount by which straight-line rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements. If later, the billing amount exceeds the straight-line rental revenue, the variance will be credited to accrued straight-line rents receivable. Contingent rental revenue is accrued when the contingency is removed. Impairment of long-lived assets Revenue recognition – Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using the following five steps pursuant ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. Products sales The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of its products to the customer, which typically occurs upon delivery. The Company’s main performance obligation to its customers is the delivery of products in accordance with purchase orders. Each purchase order defines the transaction price for the products purchased under the arrangement. Acceptance of delivery of the products is evidenced by goods receipt notes signed by the customer. The Company has no remaining obligations after the customer’s acceptance of the products. Under the terms of the contracts or purchase orders between the Company and the customer, the control of the products is transferred to the customer upon the signing of the goods receipt notes and the customer has no rights to return the products (other than for defective products). Some customers examine and pick up the products at our plant while some local customers instruct us to deliver the products to their plants nearby. Some overseas customers instruct us to deliver the products to the named port of shipment. Delivery of the products occurs at that point of time when the control of the products is transferred to the customer. The selling price, which is specified in the purchase orders, is fixed. Under the terms of the purchase orders, upon the sale of the products to the customer and the signing of the good receipts notes, the Company has the legally enforceable right to receive full payment of the sales price. The customer’s obligation to pay the Company is not dependent on the customer selling the products or collecting cash from their customers (or end customers). The customer is required to pay under normal sales terms. The Company’s normal payment terms range from 30 days to 90 days and its sales arrangements do not have any material financing components. In addition, the Company’s customer arrangements do not produce contract assets or liabilities that are material to its consolidated financial statements. The Company permits the return of damaged or defective products and accounts for these actual returns as deduction from sales. Product returns to the Company were insignificant during past years. Incremental costs to fulfill the Company’s customer arrangements are expensed as incurred, as the amortization period is less than one year. The Company’s sales are net of value added tax (“VAT”) and business tax and surcharges collected on behalf of tax authorities in respect of product sales. VAT and business tax and surcharges collected from customers, net of VAT paid for purchases, is recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets until it is paid to the tax authorities. Outbound freight and Handling costs: The company accounts for product outbound freight and handling costs as fulfillment activities and present the associated costs in selling expenses in the period in which it sells the product. Disaggregation of Revenues: The following table disaggregates product sales by business segment and by geography, which provides information as to the major source of revenue. See Note 16 for additional description of our reportable business segments. Year ended March 31, 2019 Injection molded Electronic Total Net sales United States of America $1,504 $11,358 $12,862 PRC 25,637 5,135 30,772 United Kingdom 255 3,331 3,586 Hong Kong 1,195 3,531 4,726 Europe 188 7,998 8,186 Others - 6,449 6,449 Total net sales $28,779 $37,802 $66,581 Year ended March 31, 2020 Injection molded Electronic Total Net sales United States of America $1,265 $9,963 $11,228 PRC 22,567 4,530 27,097 United Kingdom 159 4,693 4,852 Hong Kong 1,202 4,986 6,188 Europe 153 9,674 9,827 Others 7 6,169 6,176 Total net sales $25,353 $40,015 $65,368 Allowance for doubtful account Year ended March 31, Allowance for doubtful account 2018 2019 2020 Balance at beginning of the year $1,252 $270 $658 Provision for the year 34 419 297 Bad debt recovery (708) (16) - Written off (308) (15) (1) $270 $658 $954 The provision and the bad debt recovery for the years were charged to other income (expenses), net in consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). Shipping and handling cost- Income taxes The Company adopted the provisions of ASC No. 740 “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized by prescribing a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC 740 also provides accounting guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, disclosure and transition. Foreign currency translation All transactions in currencies other than functional currencies during the year are translated at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Monetary items existing at the balance sheet date denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies are translated at period end rates. Gains and losses resulting from the translation of foreign currency transactions and balances are included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). The exchange rates between the Hong Kong dollars and the U.S. dollar were approximately 7.7904, 7.7904 and 7.7904 as of March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. The exchange rates between the Chinese Renminbi and the U.S. dollar were approximately 6.3916, 6.7472 and 7.0246 as of March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Aggregate net foreign currency transaction (loss) gain included in other income (expenses) were, $(56), $(82) and $505 for the years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Post-retirement and post-employment benefits Stock-based compensation There were no stock options granted during the year ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020. Net income (loss) per share Basic net income (loss) per share and diluted net income (loss) per share calculated in accordance with ASC No. 260, “Earnings Per Share”, are reconciled as follows (shares in thousands): Year ended March 31, 2018 2019 2020 Net income (loss) attribute to Deswell Industries, Inc. $6,190 $4,273 $(1,320) Basic weighted average common shares outstanding 15,885 15,885 15,914 Basic net income (loss) per share $0.39 $0.27 $(0.08) Year ended March 31, 2018 2019 2020 Basic weighted average common shares outstanding 15,885 15,885 15,914 Effect of dilutive securities – Options 100 174 - Diluted weighted average common and potential common 15,985 16,059 15,914 Diluted net income (loss) per share $0.39 $0.27 $(0.08) During the year ended March 31, 2020, 107,000 outstanding stock options were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share, because to do so would have had an antidilutive effect due to our net loss for the year ended March 31, 2020. Use of estimates - Fair value of financial instruments - Fair value measurements - It establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy of valuation techniques based on observable and unobservable inputs, which may be used to measure fair value and include the following: Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 1 assets and liabilities include debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market, as well as certain securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-counter markets. Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques based on significant unobservable inputs, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. Classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Non-recurring fair value measurements Fair value of long-lived assets, including real estate, are determined by estimating the amount and timing of net future cash flows (which are unobservable inputs) and discounting them using a risk-adjusted rate of interest. The Company estimates future cash flows based on its experience and knowledge of the market. Significant increases or decreases in actual cash flows may result in valuation changes. For real estate, fair values are based on discounted cash flow estimates which reflect current and projected lease profiles and available industry information about capitalization rates and expected trends in rents and occupancy and are corroborated by external appraisals. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). The amendments in this update create Topic 842, Leases, and supersede the leases requirements in Topic 840, Leases. Topic 842 specifies the accounting for leases. The objective of Topic 842 is to establish the principles that lessees and lessors shall apply to report useful information to users of financial statements about the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from a lease. The main difference between Topic 842 and Topic 840 is the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities for those leases classified as operating leases under Topic 840. Topic 842 retains a distinction between finance leases and operating leases. The classification criteria for distinguishing between finance leases and operating leases are substantially similar to the classification criteria for distinguishing between capital leases and operating leases in the previous leases guidance. The result of retaining a distinction between finance leases and operating leases is that under the lessee accounting model in Topic 842, the effect of leases in the statement of comprehensive income and the statement of cash flows is largely unchanged from previous GAAP. Effective April 1, 2019, the Company adopted the ASU 2016-02, Leases, which requires the recognition of lease assets and these liabilities by leases for those leases classified as an operating lease under previous guidance. The original guidance required application on a modified retrospective basis with the earliest period presented. In August, 2018, the FASB issues ASU 2018-11, Targeted Improvements to ASC 842, which included an option to not restate comparative periods in transition and elect to use the effective date of ASC 842, Leases, as the date of initial application of transition which we elected. The adoption of ASC 842 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, as the Company’s operating lease contracts mainly had a term of one year or less as of April 1, 2019. Refer to Note 9 — Leases for additional information regarding the adoption of ASC 842 from a lessor as well as from a lessee perspective. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation — — — Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), which eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The modified standard eliminates the requirement to disclose changes in unrealized gains and losses included in earnings for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements and requires changes in unrealized gains and losses be included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of instruments. The standard also requires the disclosure of the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs and how weighted average is calculate for recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within that fiscal year, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-13 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 replaced the incurred loss impairment methodology under current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 requires use of a forward-looking expected credit loss model for accounts receivables, loans, and other financial instruments. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. Adoption of the standard requires using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date to align existing credit loss methodology with the new standard. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-13 effective April 1, 2020. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-13 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. ASU 2019-12 will simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. For public business entities, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2019-12, but does not expect it to have a material impact on income taxes as reported in its consolidated financial statements. |