Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of consolidation Cash and cash equivalents Marketable securities -operating -operating Held -to-maturity investment -to-maturity -operating Inventories -in-progress -moving -moving Property, plant and equipment Leasehold land and buildings 30 – 50 years Plant and machinery 5 – 15 years Furniture, fixtures and equipment 4 – 5 years Motor vehicles 3 – 5 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of lease term or 2 – 5 years Leases -of-use liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. It uses the implicit rate when readily determinable. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight -line When the Company is the lessor, minimum contractual rental from leases is recognized on a straight -line -cancelable -line -line -line -line -line Impairment of long -lived assets -lived -lived -lived -lived -term Revenue recognition Products sales The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of its products to the customer, which typically occurs upon delivery of products or when the customer accepts the injection molds. The Company’s main performance obligation to its customers is the delivery of products in accordance with purchase orders. Each purchase order defines the transaction price for the products purchased under the arrangement. Acceptance of delivery of the products and molds is evidenced by goods receipt notes signed by the customer or the mold acceptance form. The Company has no remaining obligations after the customer’s acceptance of the products. Under the terms of the contracts or purchase orders between the Company and the customer, the control of the products is transferred to the customer upon the signing of the goods receipt notes and the customer has no rights to return the products (other than for defective products). Some customers examine and pick up the products at our plant while some local customers instruct us to deliver the products to their plants nearby. Some overseas customers instruct us to deliver the products to the named port of shipment. Delivery of the products occurs at that point of time when the control of the products is transferred to the customer. The selling price, which is specified in the purchase orders, is fixed. Under the terms of the purchase orders, upon the sale of the products to the customer and the signing of the good receipt notes, the Company has the legally enforceable right to receive full payment of the sales price. The customer’s obligation to pay the Company is not dependent on the customer selling the products or collecting cash from their customers (or end customers). The customer is required to pay under normal sales terms. The Company’s normal payment terms range from 30 days to 90 days and its sales arrangements do not have any material financing components. In addition, the Company’s customer arrangements do not produce contract assets or liabilities that are material to its consolidated financial statements. The Company permits the return of damaged or defective products and accounts for these actual returns as deduction from sales. Product returns to the Company were insignificant during past years. Incremental costs to fulfill the Company’s customer arrangements are expensed as incurred, as the amortization period is less than one year. The Company’s sales are net of value added tax (“VAT”) and business tax and surcharges collected on behalf of tax authorities in respect of product sales. VAT and business tax and surcharges collected from customers, net of VAT paid for purchases, is recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance sheets until it is paid to the tax authorities. Outbound freight and Handling costs: The Company accounts for product outbound freight and handling costs as fulfillment activities and present the associated costs in selling expenses in the period in which it sells the product. Disaggregation of Revenues: The following table disaggregates product sales by business segment and by geography, which provides information as to the major source of revenue. See Note 16 for additional description of our reportable business segments. Year ended March 31, 2022 Injection Electronic Total Net sales United States of America $ 1,014 $ 9,446 $ 10,460 PRC 20,430 14,018 34,448 United Kingdom 26 6,710 6,736 Hong Kong 1,666 9,927 11,593 Europe 209 13,212 13,421 Canada — 5,503 5,503 Others — 3,819 3,819 Total net sales $ 23,345 $ 62,635 $ 85,980 Year ended March 31, 2023 Injection Electronic Total Net sales United States of America $ 1,006 $ 11,163 $ 12,169 PRC 13,010 14,730 27,740 United Kingdom 2 9,106 9,108 Hong Kong 1,468 5,002 6,470 Europe 131 13,159 13,290 Canada — 4,699 4,699 Others — 3,861 3,861 Total net sales $ 15,617 $ 61,720 $ 77,337 Year ended March 31, 2024 Injection Electronic Total Net sales United States of America $ 1,083 $ 6,842 $ 7,925 PRC 8,202 13,919 22,121 United Kingdom 12 11,973 11,985 Hong Kong 3,031 5,194 8,225 Europe 53 9,963 10,016 Canada — 2,988 2,988 Others 11 6,097 6,108 Total net sales $ 12,392 $ 56,976 $ 69,368 Allowance for credit losses -13 -Credit The Company estimated the expected credit losses for accounts receivable with similar risk characteristics on a pool basis. For each pool, the Company considers the historical credit loss experience, current economic conditions, supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and any recoveries in assessing the lifetime expected credit losses. Other key factors that influence the expected credit loss analysis include payment terms offered in the normal course of business to customers and industry -specific Accounts receivable, net, as of March 31, 2023 and 2024 consisted of the following: March 31, 2023 2024 Accounts receivable Less: Allowance for credit losses $ 15,743 $ 12,084 Accounts receivable, net (39 ) (98 ) $ 15,704 $ 11,986 The movement of allowance for credit losses for the years ended March 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024 was as follows: Allowance for credit losses Year ended March 31, 2022 2023 2024 Balance at beginning of the year $ 1,351 $ 268 $ 39 (Reversal of) provision for credit losses, net (148 ) (229 ) 76 Written off (935 ) — (17 ) $ 268 $ 39 $ 98 The provision and reversal of credit losses for the years were charged to other income, net in consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Shipping and handling cost Income taxes -current The Company adopted the provisions of ASC No. 740 “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized by prescribing a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC 740 also provides accounting guidance on de -recognition Foreign currency translation All transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are translated at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates. Monetary items existing at the balance sheet date denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies are translated at period end rates. Gains and losses resulting from the translation of foreign currency transactions and balances are included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The exchange rates between the Hong Kong dollars and the U.S. dollar were approximately 7.7904, 7.7904 and 7.7904 as of March 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The exchange rates between the Chinese Renminbi and the U.S. dollar were approximately 6.3924, 6.8806 and 7.1447 as of March 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Aggregate net foreign currency transaction loss included in other income, net was, $352, $256 and $13 for the years ended March 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Post -retirement and post -employment benefits Stock -based compensation -based -date share options or similar equity instruments is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, which generally is the vesting period. There were no stock options granted during the year ended March 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024. Net income per share Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share calculated in accordance with ASC No. 260, “Earnings Per Share”, are reconciled as follows (shares in thousands): Year ended March 31, 2022 2023 2024 Net income attributable to Deswell Industries, Inc. $ 8,232 $ 2,059 $ 7,709 Basic weighted average common shares outstanding 15,929 15,935 15,935 Basic net income per share $ 0.52 $ 0.13 $ 0.48 Year ended March 31, 2022 2023 2024 Basic weighted average common shares outstanding 15,929 15,935 15,935 Effect of dilutive securities – Options 206 137 64 Diluted weighted average common and potential common shares outstanding 16,135 16,072 15,999 Diluted net income per share $ 0.51 $ 0.13 $ 0.48 Use of estimates -lived Fair value of financial instruments Fair value measurements It establishes a three -level Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 1 assets and liabilities include debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market, as well as certain securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-counter markets. Level 2 — Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques based on significant unobservable inputs, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. Classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Non -recurring fair value measurements -lived -recurring Fair value of long -lived -adjusted Reclassifications Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In March 31, 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022 -02 -02 Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted In June 30, 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022 -03 Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions -03 In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023 -07 Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023 -09 Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures |