LOANS | NOTE E - LOANS On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASU 326. The FASB issued ASU 326 to replace the incurred loss model for loans and other financial assets with an expected loss model and requires consideration of a wider range of reasonable and supportable information to determine credit losses. In accordance with ASC 326, the Company has developed an ACL methodology, which replaces its previous allowance for loan losses methodology. All loan information presented as of December 31, 2021 is in accordance with ASC 326. All loan information presented prior to January 1, 2021 is in accordance with previous applicable GAAP. See the Company’s prior accounting policies in Note B “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the 2020 Form 10-K. The Company uses four different categories to classify loans in its portfolio based on the underlying collateral securing each loan. The loans grouped together in each category have been determined to share similar risk characteristics with respect to credit quality. Those four categories are commercial, financial and agriculture, commercial real estate, consumer real estate, consumer installment; Commercial, financial and agriculture Commercial real estate - Consumer real estate Consumer installment The composition of the loan portfolio as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, is summarized below: ($ in thousands) December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Loans held for sale Mortgage loans held for sale $ 7,678 $ 21,432 Total LHFS $ 7,678 $ 21,432 Loans held for investment Commercial, financial and agriculture (1) $ 397,516 $ 579,443 Commercial real estate 1,683,698 1,652,993 Consumer real estate 838,654 850,206 Consumer installment 39,685 41,036 Total loans 2,959,553 3,123,678 Less allowance for credit losses (30,742) (35,820) Net LHFI $ 2,928,811 $ 3,087,858 (1) Loan balance includes $41.1 million and $239.7 million in PPP loans as of December 31,2021 and 2020, respectively Loans held for sale consist of mortgage loans originated by the Bank and sold into the secondary market. Commitments from investors to purchase the loans are obtained upon origination. Accrued interest receivable is not included in the amortized cost basis of the Company’s LHFI. At December 31, 2021, accrued interest receivable for LHFI totaled $16.4 million with no related ACL and was reported in interest receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Nonaccrual and Past Due LHFI Past due LHFI are loans contractually past due 30 days or more as to principal or interest payments. Generally, the Company will place a delinquent loan in nonaccrual status when the loan becomes 90 days or more past due. At the time a loan is placed in nonaccrual status, all interest which has been accrued on the loan but remains unpaid is reversed and deducted from earnings as a reduction of reported interest income. No additional interest is accrued on the loan balance until the collection of both principal and interest becomes reasonably certain. The following tables presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in past due loans in addition to those loans classified as nonaccrual including PCD loans: December 31, 2021 Past Due 90 Total Nonaccural Past Due Days or More Past Due, and PCD 30 to 89 and Nonaccrual Total with No ($in thousands) Days Still Accruing Nonaccrual PCD and PCD LHFI ACL Commercial, financial and agriculture (1) $ 246 $ — $ 190 $ — $ 436 $ 397,516 $ — Commercial real estate 453 — 19,445 2,082 21,980 1,683,698 1,661 Consumer real estate 2,140 45 3,776 2,512 8,473 838,654 1,488 Consumer installment 121 — 7 1 129 39,685 — Total $ 2,960 $ 45 $ 23,418 $ 4,595 $ 31,018 $ 2,959,553 $ 3,149 (1) December 31, 2020 Past Due 90 Total Past Due Days or More Past Due, 30 to 89 and Nonaccrual Total ($in thousands) Days Still Accruing Nonaccrual PCI and PCI LHFI Commercial, financial and agriculture (1) $ 1,007 $ 244 $ 2,197 $ 221 $ 3,669 $ 579,443 Commercial real estate 2,116 1,553 19,499 3,388 26,556 1,652,993 Consumer real estate 5,389 895 2,480 5,954 14,718 850,206 Consumer installment 419 — 32 3 454 41,036 Total $ 8,931 $ 2,692 $ 24,208 $ 9,566 $ 45,397 $ 3,123,678 (1) Acquired Loans On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASC 326 and elected to account for its existing acquired PCI loans as PCD loans included within the LHFI portfolio. The Company elected to maintain segments of loans that were previously accounted for under ASC 310-30 and will continue to account for these segments as a unit of account unless the loan is collateral dependent. PCD loans that are collateral dependent will be assessed individually. Loans are only removed from the existing segments if they are written off, paid off, or sold. Upon adoption of ASC 326, the ACL was determined for each segment and added to the band’s carrying amount to establish a new amortized cost basis. The difference between the unpaid principal balance of the segment and the new amortized cost basis was the noncredit discount of approximately $685 thousand, which will be accreted into interest income over the remaining life of the segment. Changes to the ACL after adoption are recorded through provision expense. As of December 31, 2021, the amortized cost of the Company’s PCD loans totaled $8.6 million, which had an estimated ACL of $855 thousand. Prior to the adoption of FASB ASC 326, the Company acquired loans with deteriorated credit quality in 2014, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. These loans were recorded at estimated fair value at the acquisition date with no carryover of the related allowance for loan losses. The acquired loans were segregated as of the acquisition date between those considered to be performing (acquired non-impaired loans) and those with evidence of credit deterioration (PCI loans). Acquired loans are considered to be impaired if it is probable, based on current available information, that the Company will be unable to collect all cash flows as expected. If expected cash flows cannot reasonably be estimated as to what will be collected, there will not be any interest income recognized on these loans. Impaired LHFI Prior to the adoption of FASB ASC 326, the Company individually evaluated impaired LHFI. The following table provides a detail of impaired loans broken out according to class as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. The following table does not include PCI loans. The recorded investment included in the following table represents customer balances net of any partial charge-offs recognized on the loans, net of any deferred fees and costs. Recorded investment excludes any insignificant amount of accrued interest receivable on loans 90-days or more past due and still accruing. The unpaid balance represents the recorded balance prior to any partial charge-offs. December 31, 2020 Average Interest ($ in thousands) Recorded Income Recorded Unpaid Related Investment Recognized Investment Balance Allowance YTD YTD Impaired loans with no related allowance: Commercial, financial and agriculture $ — $ — $ — $ 198 $ — Commercial real estate 5,884 6,087 — 11,433 47 Consumer real estate 712 758 — 790 5 Consumer installment 23 24 — 17 — Total $ 6,619 $ 6,869 $ — $ 12,438 $ 52 Impaired loans with a related allowance: Commercial, financial and agriculture $ 2,241 $ 2,254 $ 1,235 $ 2,186 $ 58 Commercial real estate 17,973 18,248 4,244 13,687 36 Consumer real estate 536 544 176 734 4 Consumer installment 26 26 14 86 — Total $ 20,776 $ 21,072 $ 5,669 $ 16,693 $ 98 Total impaired loans: Commercial, financial and agriculture $ 2,241 $ 2,254 $ 1,235 $ 2,384 $ 58 Commercial real estate 23,857 24,335 4,244 25,120 83 Consumer real estate 1,248 1,302 176 1,524 9 Consumer installment 49 50 14 103 — Total Impaired Loans $ 27,395 $ 27,941 $ 5,669 $ 29,131 $ 150 Average Interest Recorded Income December 31, 2019 Recorded Unpaid Related Investment Recognized ($ in thousands) Investment Balance Allowance YTD YTD Impaired loans with no related allowance: Commercial, financial and agriculture $ 59 $ 62 $ — $ 294 $ 7 Commercial real estate 13,556 13,671 — 10,473 591 Consumer real estate 542 594 — 2,173 — Consumer installment 21 21 — 23 — Total $ 14,178 $ 14,348 $ — $ 12,963 $ 598 Impaired loans with a related allowance: Commercial, financial and agriculture $ 2,434 $ 2,434 $ 1,182 $ 2,039 $ 13 Commercial real estate 12,428 12,563 3,021 10,026 49 Consumer real estate 639 657 141 560 3 Consumer installment 260 260 80 164 2 Total $ 15,761 $ 15,914 $ 4,424 $ 12,789 $ 67 Total impaired loans: Commercial, financial and agriculture $ 2,493 $ 2,496 $ 1,182 $ 2,333 $ 20 Commercial real estate 25,984 26,234 3,021 20,499 640 Consumer real estate 1,181 1,251 141 2,733 3 Consumer installment 281 281 80 187 2 Total Impaired Loans $ 29,939 $ 30,262 $ 4,424 $ 25,752 $ 665 The cash basis interest earned in the chart above is materially the same as the interest recognized during impairment for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. The gross interest income that would have been recorded in the period that ended if the nonaccrual loans had been current in accordance with their original terms and had been outstanding throughout the period or since origination, if held for part of twelve months for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, was $1.5 million and $348 thousand, respectively. The Company had no loan commitments to borrowers in nonaccrual status at December 31, 2020 and 2019. Troubled Debt Restructurings If the Company grants a concession to a borrower for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties that it would not otherwise consider, the loan is classified as TDRs. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic impact to its customers, the Company implemented a short-term modification program in accordance with interagency regulatory guidance to provide temporary payment relief to those borrowers directly impacted by COVID-19 who were not more than 30 days past due at the time of the modification. This program allowed for a deferral of payments for up two successive 90-day periods for a cumulative maximum of 180 days. Pursuant to interagency guidance, such short-term deferrals are not deemed to meet the criteria for reporting as TDRs. For borrowers requiring a longer-term modification following the short-term loan modification program the Company worked with these borrowers whose loans were not more 30 days past due at December 31, 2019 and who required modification as a result of COVID-19 to modify such loans under Section 4013 of the CARES Act. As of December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 the Company had TDRs totaling $24.2 million, $27.5 million, and $32.0 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no additional amount committed on any loan classified as TDR. As of December 31, 2021, TDRs had a related ACL of $4.3 million, compared to a related allowance for loan loss of $4.1 million and $2.1 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The following table presents LHFI by class modified as TDRs that occurred during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 ($ in thousands, except for number of loans). Outstanding Outstanding Recorded Recorded Interest Number of Investment Investment Income December 31, 2021 Loans Pre-Modification Post-Modification Recognized Commercial, financial and agriculture 1 $ 38 $ 37 $ 4 Commercial real estate 5 5,151 4,890 230 Consumer real estate 4 222 187 5 Consumer installment 1 13 1 — Total 11 $ 5,424 $ 5,115 $ 239 December 31, 2020 Commercial, financial and agriculture 1 $ 12 $ 9 $ 2 Commercial real estate 7 2,067 2,042 40 Consumer installment 1 1 1 — Total 9 $ 2,080 $ 2,052 $ 42 December 31, 2019 Commercial, financial and agriculture 7 $ 979 $ 1,023 $ 19 Commercial real estate 14 15,953 16,122 137 Consumer real estate 3 551 553 12 Consumer installment 2 10 11 — Total 26 $ 17,493 $ 17,709 $ 168 The TDRs presented above increased the ACL $1.6 million and increased the allowance for loan losses $127 thousand and $1.4 million and resulted in no charge-offs for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively. The following table presents loans by class modified as TDRs for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification during the year ending December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 ($ in thousands, except for number of loans). 2021 2020 2019 Troubled Debt Restructurings Number of Recorded Number of Recorded Number of Recorded That Subsequently Defaulted: Loans Investment Loans Investment Loans Investment Commercial, financial and agriculture — $ — — $ — 10 $ 458 Commercial real estate — — 4 1,121 4 15,423 Consumer real estate 2 55 — — — — Total 2 $ 55 4 $ 1,121 14 $ 15,881 The modifications described above included one of the following or a combination of the following: maturity date extensions, interest only payments, amortizations were extended beyond what would be available on similar type loans, and payment waiver. No interest rate concessions were given on these loans nor were any of these loans written down. A loan is considered to be in a payment default once it is 30 days contractually past due under the modified terms. The TDRs presented above increased the ACL $21 thousand and the allowance for loan losses $81 thousand and $1.3 million and resulted in no charge-offs for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019 respectively. The following tables represents the Company’s TDRs at December 31, 2021 and 2020: December 31, 2021 Past Due 90 Current Past Due days and still Loans 30-89 accruing Nonaccrual Total ($ in thousands) Commercial, financial and agriculture $ 63 $ — $ — $ 107 $ 170 Commercial real estate 3,367 — — 16,858 20,225 Consumer real estate 1,772 — — 1,973 3,745 Consumer installment 18 — — — 18 Total $ 5,220 $ — $ — $ 18,938 $ 24,158 Allowance for credit losses $ 90 $ — $ — $ 4,217 $ 4,307 December 31, 2020 Past Due 90 Current Past Due days and still ($ in thousands) Loans 30-89 accruing Nonaccrual Total Commercial, financial and agriculture $ 59 $ — $ — $ 765 $ 824 Commercial real estate 4,560 49 — 18,076 22,685 Consumer real estate 1,559 269 — 2,161 3,989 Consumer installment 23 3 — — 26 Total $ 6,201 $ 321 $ — $ 21,002 $ 27,524 Allowance for loan losses $ 163 $ 29 $ — $ 3,936 $ 4,128 For the year ended December 31, 2021, we have modified approximately 1,643 loans for $710.7 million, of which 1,391 loans for $582.3 million were modified to defer monthly principal and interest payments and 252 loans for $128.4 million were modified from monthly principal and interest payments to interest only. As of December 31, 2021, we have approximately 419 PPP loans approved through the SBA for a balance of $41.1 million outstanding. PPP loans were excluded from the allowance for credit losses. Collateral Dependent Loans The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent individually evaluated loans by class of loans as of December 31, 2021: ($ in thousands) Real Property Total Commercial real estate $ 1,712 $ 1,712 Consumer real estate 1,858 1,858 Total $ 3,570 $ 3,570 A loan is collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment of the loan is expected to be provided substantially through the sale of the collateral. The following provides a qualitative description by class of loan of the collateral that secures the Company’s collateral-dependent LHFI: ● Commercial, financial and agriculture – Loans within these loan classes are secured by equipment, inventory accounts, and other non-real estate collateral. ● Commercial real estate – Loans within these loan classes are secured by commercial real property. ● Consumer real estate - Loans within these loan classes are secured by consumer real property. ● Consumer installment - Loans within these loan classes are secured by consumer goods, equipment, and non-real estate collateral. There have been no significant changes to the collateral that secures these financial assets during the period. Loan Participations The Company has loan participations, which qualify as participating interest, with other financial institutions. As of December 31, 2021, these loans totaled $118.4 million, of which $77.8 million had been sold to other financial institutions and $40.6 million was purchased by the Company. As of December 31, 2020, these loans totaled $127.7 million, of which $80.3 million had been sold to other financial institutions and $47.4 million was purchased by the company. The loan participations convey proportionate ownership rights with equal priority to each participating interest holder; involving no recourse (other than ordinary representations and warranties) to, or subordination by, any participating interest holder; all cash flows are divided among the participating interest holders in proportion to each holder’s share of ownership; and no holder has the right to pledge the entire financial asset unless all participating interest holders agree. Credit Quality Indicators The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually to classify the loans as to credit risk. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Pass: Special Mention Substandard Doubtful These above classifications were the most current available as of December 31, 2021, and were generally updated within the prior year. The tables below present the amortized cost basis of loans by credit quality indicator and class of loans based on the most recent analysis performed. Revolving loans converted to term as of year ended December 31, 2021 were not material to the total loan portfolio. ($ in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Revolving As of December 31, 2021 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Loans Total Commercial, financial and: agriculture Risk Rating Pass $ 152,798 $ 60,106 $ 52,802 $ 47,988 $ 22,083 $ 43,773 $ 178 $ 379,728 Special mention — 255 749 90 481 29 — 1,604 Substandard — — 1,398 6,184 360 8,242 — 16,184 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total commercial, financial and agriculture $ 152,798 $ 60,361 $ 54,949 $ 54,262 $ 22,924 $ 52,044 $ 178 $ 397,516 Commercial real estate: Risk Rating Pass $ 402,284 $ 313,288 $ 207,879 $ 177,943 $ 134,234 $ 332,588 $ — $ 1,568,216 Special mention 1,326 2,259 1,782 15,076 2,779 15,519 — 38,741 Substandard 3,904 3,189 1,931 17,147 18,814 31,756 — 76,741 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate $ 407,514 $ 318,736 $ 211,592 $ 210,166 $ 155,827 $ 379,863 $ — $ 1,683,698 Consumer real estate: Risk Rating Pass $ 243,340 $ 164,359 $ 70,465 $ 66,940 $ 51,988 $ 121,238 $ 98,444 $ 816,774 Special mention — — 331 26 1,746 1,949 — 4,052 Substandard 444 532 1,280 3,410 1,288 9,241 1,633 17,828 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total consumer real estate $ 243,784 $ 164,891 $ 72,076 $ 70,376 $ 55,022 $ 132,428 $ 100,077 $ 838,654 Consumer installment: Risk Rating Pass $ 17,980 $ 9,245 $ 4,222 $ 1,645 $ 1,088 $ 1,758 $ 3,697 $ 39,635 Special mention — — — — 1 — — 1 Substandard — 26 3 5 8 7 — 49 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total consumer installment $ 17,980 $ 9,271 $ 4,225 $ 1,650 $ 1,097 $ 1,765 $ 3,697 $ 39,685 Total Pass $ 816,402 $ 546,998 $ 335,368 $ 294,516 $ 209,393 $ 499,357 $ 102,319 $ 2,804,353 Special mention 1,326 2,514 2,862 15,192 5,007 17,497 — 44,398 Substandard 4,348 3,747 4,612 26,746 20,470 49,246 1,633 110,802 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total $ 822,076 $ 553,259 $ 342,842 $ 336,454 $ 234,870 $ 566,100 $ 103,952 $ 2,959,553 At December 31, 2020, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans (excluding mortgage loans held for sale) was as follows: Commercial, December 31, 2020 Financial and Commercial Consumer Consumer ($ in thousands) Agriculture Real Estate Real Estate Installment Total Pass $ 563,772 $ 1,530,366 $ 834,920 $ 40,884 $ 2,969,942 Special Mention 2,143 64,012 1,889 20 68,064 Substandard 11,875 66,535 13,397 132 91,939 Doubtful 1,653 23 - - 1,676 Subtotal $ 579,443 $ 1,660,936 $ 850,206 $ 41,036 $ 3,131,621 Less: Unearned discount - 7,943 - - 7,943 LHFI, net of unearned discount $ 579,443 $ 1,652,993 $ 850,206 $ 41,036 $ 3,123,678 Allowance for Credit Losses (ACL) The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. It is comprised of a general allowance for loans that are collectively assessed in pools with similar risk characteristics and a specific allowance for individually assessed loans. The allowance is continuously monitored by management to maintain a level adequate to absorb expected losses inherent in the loan portfolio. See Note 3. “Accounting Standards” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2021 and the allowance for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2020: December 31, 2021 Commercial, Financial and Commercial Consumer Consumer ($ in thousands) Agriculture Real Estate Real Estate Installment Total Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance $ 6,214 $ 24,319 $ 4,736 $ 551 $ 35,820 Impact of ASC 326 adoption on non-PCD loans (1,319) (4,607) 5,257 (49) (718) Impact of ASC 326 adoption on PCD loans 166 575 372 2 1,115 Provision for credit losses (1) 1,041 (100) (2,314) (83) (1,456) Loans charged-off (1,662) (3,523) (473) (555) (6,213) Recoveries 433 888 311 562 2,194 Total ending allowance balance $ 4,873 $ 17,552 $ 7,889 $ 428 $ 30,742 (1) The negative provision of $ 1.1 million for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income includes a $1.5 million negative loan loss provision, net of $370 thousand provision for credit marks in the Cadence Branches loans acquired, and a $352 thousand provision for OBSC exposures for the year ended December 31, 2021. December 31, 2020 Commercial, Financial and Commercial Consumer Consumer ($in thousands) Agriculture Real Estate Real Estate Installment Unallocated Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 3,043 $ 8,836 $ 1,694 $ 296 $ 39 $ 13,908 Provision for loan losses 4,498 17,321 3,071 300 (39) 25,151 Loans charged-off (1,496) (2,256) (280) (447) — (4,479) Recoveries 169 418 251 402 — 1,240 Total ending allowance balance $ 6,214 $ 24,319 $ 4,736 $ 551 $ — $ 35,820 The Company recorded a $ 1.1 1.5 The following table provides the ending balance in the Company’s LHFI and the ACL, broken down by portfolio segment as of December 31, 2021. The table also provides additional detail as to the amount of our loans and allowance that correspond to individual versus collective impairment evaluation ($ in thousands). December 31, 2021 Commercial, Financial and Commercial Consumer Consumer Agriculture Real Estate Real Estate Installment Total LHFI Individually evaluated $ — $ 1,712 $ 1,858 $ — $ 3,570 Collectively evaluated 397,516 1,681,986 836,796 39,685 2,955,983 Total $ 397,516 $ 1,683,698 $ 838,654 $ 39,685 $ 2,959,553 Allowance for Credit Losses Individually evaluated $ — $ 4 $ 2 $ — $ 6 Collectively evaluated 4,873 17,548 7,887 428 30,736 Total $ 4,873 $ 17,552 $ 7,889 $ 428 $ 30,742 The following table provides the ending balance in the Company’s LHFI and the allowance for loan losses, broken down by portfolio segment as of December 31, 2020. The table also provides additional detail as to the amount of our loans and allowance that correspond to individual versus collective impairment evaluation. The impairment evaluation corresponds to the Company’s systematic methodology for estimating it Allowance for Loan Losses ($ in thousands). December 31, 2020 Commercial, Financial and Commercial Consumer Consumer Agriculture Real Estate Real Estate Installment Total LHFI Individually evaluated $ 2,241 $ 23,857 $ 1,248 $ 49 $ 27,395 Collectively evaluated 574,152 1,971,292 494,833 41,498 3,081,775 PCI Loans 244 9,056 5,185 23 14,508 Total $ 576,637 $ 2,004,205 $ 501,266 $ 41,570 $ 3,123,678 Allowance for Loan Losses Individually evaluated $ 1,235 $ 4,244 $ 176 $ 14 $ 5,669 Collectively evaluated 4,979 20,075 4,560 537 30,151 Total $ 6,214 $ 24,319 $ 4,736 $ 551 $ 35,820 |