UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
Mark One
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2007
or
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to .
Commission File Number 0-26686
First Investors Financial Services Group, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Texas | | |
(State or Other Jurisdiction | | 76-0465087 |
of Incorporation or Organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| | |
675 Bering Drive, Suite 710 | | |
Houston, Texas | | 77057 |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | | (Zip Code) |
(713) 977-2600
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer” and “large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large Accelerated Filer o | Accelerated Filer o | Non-Accelerated Filer x |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x.
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
| | Shares Outstanding At |
Class | | March 14, 2007 |
Common Stock-$.001 Par Value | | 4,477,694 |
FIRST INVESTORS FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q
JANUARY 31, 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| |
| |
Part I Financial Information |
| | |
| Item 1. | Financial Statements |
| | |
| | Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets as of April 30, 2006 and |
| | January 31, 2007 |
| | |
| | Consolidated Condensed Statements of Earnings for the Three |
| | and Nine Months Ended January 31, 2006 and 2007 |
| | |
| | Consolidated Condensed Statement of Shareholders’ Equity for the |
| | Nine Months Ended January 31, 2007 |
| | |
| | Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine |
| | Months Ended January 31, 2006 and 2007 |
| | |
| | Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements |
| | |
| Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and |
| | Results of Operations |
| | |
| Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |
| | |
| Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |
| | |
Part II Other Information |
| |
| Item 6. | Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K |
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Signatures | |
| |
| |
2
FIRST INVESTORS FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS — APRIL 30, 2006 AND JANUARY 31, 2007
(In thousands, except par value)
| | April 30, | | January 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | (Audited) | | (Unaudited) | |
ASSETS | | | | | |
Receivables Held for Investment, net | | $ | 377,399 | | $ | 480,464 | |
Cash and Short-Term Investments | | 3,380 | | 1,760 | |
Restricted Cash | | 25,538 | | 37,171 | |
Accrued Interest Receivable | | 3,218 | | 4,104 | |
Assets Held for Sale | | 960 | | 1,344 | |
Other Assets: | | | | | |
Funds held under reinsurance agreement | | 3,431 | | 3,655 | |
Deferred financing costs and other assets, net of accumulated amortization and depreciation of $3,514 and $3,632 | | 5,362 | | 5,317 | |
Total assets | | $ | 419,288 | | $ | 533,815 | |
| | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | |
Debt: | | | | | |
Warehouse credit facilities | | $ | 47,080 | | $ | 253,376 | |
Term notes | | 316,584 | | 215,153 | |
Working capital facility | | 16,454 | | 24,283 | |
Related party note | | 2,500 | | 2,500 | |
Other Liabilities: | | | | | |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | | 6,397 | | 6,027 | |
Income taxes | | 1,386 | | 844 | |
Deferred income taxes payable | | 766 | | 305 | |
Total liabilities | | 391,167 | | 502,488 | |
| | | | | |
Commitments and Contingencies | | | | | |
Shareholders’ Equity: | | | | | |
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000 shares authorized, 5,626 issued and 4,454 outstanding at April 30, 2006 and 5,650 issued and 4,478 outstanding at January 31, 2007 | | 6 | | 6 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | 18,938 | | 19,292 | |
Retained earnings | | 13,644 | | 16,496 | |
Less: treasury stock, at cost, 1,172 shares | | (4,467 | ) | (4,467 | ) |
Total shareholders’ equity | | 28,121 | | 31,327 | |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | | $ | 419,288 | | $ | 533,815 | |
| | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated condensed financial statements.
3
FIRST INVESTORS FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
For the Three and Nine Months Ended January 31, 2006 and 2007
(In thousands, except per share amount)
(Unaudited)
| | For the Three Months | | For the Nine Months | |
| | Ended January 31, | | Ended January 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Interest Income | | $ | 10,332 | | $ | 14,553 | | $ | 28,744 | | $ | 40,258 | |
Interest Expense | | 3,938 | | 6,364 | | 10,374 | | 17,383 | |
Net interest income | | 6,394 | | 8,189 | | 18,370 | | 22,875 | |
Provision for Credit Losses | | 1,822 | | 3,236 | | 5,538 | | 8,431 | |
Net Interest Income After Provision for Credit Losses | | 4,572 | | 4,953 | | 12,832 | | 14,444 | |
Other Income: | | | | | | | | | |
Servicing revenue | | 433 | | 377 | | 1,506 | | 1,053 | |
Other finance charges and fees | | 696 | | 876 | | 1,803 | | 2,435 | |
Insurance products | | 226 | | 451 | | 780 | | 932 | |
Income from investment | | 96 | | 163 | | 333 | | 418 | |
Other interest income | | 336 | | 482 | | 869 | | 1,342 | |
Other income | | 183 | | — | | 569 | | — | |
Realized loss on interest rate derivative positions | | (195 | ) | — | | (175 | ) | — | |
Total other income | | 1,775 | | 2,349 | | 5,685 | | 6,180 | |
Operating Expenses: | | | | | | | | | |
Salaries and benefits | | 2,700 | | 2,984 | | 7,903 | | 8,548 | |
Operating expense | | 1,226 | | 1,708 | | 2,954 | | 4,341 | |
General and administrative | | 1,655 | | 979 | | 3,668 | | 2,978 | |
Other interest expense | | 357 | | 500 | | 922 | | 1,374 | |
Total operating expenses | | 5,938 | | 6,171 | | 15,447 | | 17,241 | |
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes | | 409 | | 1,131 | | 3,070 | | 3,383 | |
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes: | | | | | | | | | |
Current | | 12 | | 548 | | 343 | | 992 | |
Deferred | | 79 | | (238 | ) | 719 | | (461 | ) |
Total provision for income taxes | | 91 | | 310 | | 1,062 | | 531 | |
Net Earnings | | $ | 318 | | $ | 821 | | $ | 2,008 | | $ | 2,852 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Basic Net Earnings per Common Share | | $ | 0.07 | | $ | 0.18 | | $ | 0.45 | | $ | 0.64 | |
Diluted Net Earnings per Common Share | | $ | 0.07 | | $ | 0.17 | | $ | 0.44 | | $ | 0.60 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated condensed financial statements.
4
FIRST INVESTORS FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For the Nine Months Ended January 31, 2007
(In thousands, except share amounts)
(Unaudited, except where stated)
| | Common Stock | | Additional | | | | Treasury | | | |
| | | | | | Paid-In | | Retained | | Stock, at | | | |
| | Shares | | Amount | | Capital | | Earnings | | cost | | Total | |
Balance at May 1, 2005 | | 5,583,669 | | $ | 6 | | $ | 18,755 | | $ | 11,199 | | ($4,467 | ) | $ | 25,493 | |
Net earnings. | | — | | — | | — | | 2,445 | | — | | 2,445 | |
Exercise of stock options | | 42,500 | | — | | 183 | | — | | — | | 183 | |
Balance at April 30, 2006 (Audited). | | 5,626,169 | | 6 | | 18,938 | | 13,644 | | (4,467 | ) | 28,121 | |
Net earnings. | | — | | — | | — | | 2,852 | | — | | 2,852 | |
Stock compensation expense. | | — | | — | | 224 | | — | | — | | 224 | |
Excess tax benefits from share basedarrangements | | — | | — | | 23 | | — | | — | | 23 | |
Issuance of common stock related to the exercise of stock options | | 23,501 | | — | | 107 | | — | | — | | 107 | |
Balance at January 31, 2007 | | 5,649,670 | | $ | 6 | | $ | 19,292 | | $ | 16,496 | | $ | (4,467 | ) | $ | 31,327 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated condensed financial statement.
5
FIRST INVESTORS FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Nine Months Ended January 31, 2006 and 2007
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | | | | |
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: | | $ | 2,008 | | $ | 2,852 | |
Net earnings | | | | | |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash (used in) provided by | | | | | |
operating activities — | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization expense | | 3,635 | | 4,960 | |
Provision for credit losses | | 5,538 | | 8,431 | |
Reversal of uncertain tax provision | | — | | (669 | ) |
Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements | | — | | (23 | ) |
Share-based payment arrangements | | — | | 224 | |
(Increase) decrease in: | | | | | |
Accrued interest receivable | | (623 | ) | (886 | ) |
Restricted cash | | (47,647 | ) | (11,632 | ) |
Deferred financing costs and other assets | | (1,543 | ) | (562 | ) |
Funds held under reinsurance agreement | | (516 | ) | (225 | ) |
Current income tax receivable | | 5 | | — | |
Increase (decrease) in: | | | | | |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | | 2,144 | | (370 | ) |
Deferred income taxes payable | | 719 | | (461 | ) |
Income taxes | | 285 | | 150 | |
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | | (35,995 | ) | 1,789 | |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: | | | | | |
Origination of Receivables Held for Investment | | (189,945 | ) | (240,802 | ) |
Payments received from Investment | | 435 | | 372 | |
Contributions to Investment | | — | | (434 | ) |
Principal payments from Receivables Held for Investment | | 82,408 | | 118,522 | |
Payments received on Assets Held for Sale | | 4,887 | | 6,733 | |
Purchase of furniture and equipment | | (454 | ) | (624 | ) |
Net cash used in investing activities | | (102,669 | ) | (116,233 | ) |
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: | | | | | |
Proceeds from advances on— | | | | | |
Warehouse credit facilities | | 330,703 | | 478,589 | |
Term notes | | 364,553 | | — | |
Working capital facility | | 4,650 | | 7,829 | |
Principal payments made on— | | | | | |
Warehouse credit facilities | | (480,604 | ) | (272,292 | ) |
Term notes | | (79,062 | ) | (101,432 | ) |
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock | | 184 | | 107 | |
Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements | | — | | 23 | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | 140,424 | | 112,824 | |
Increase/(Decrease) in Cash and Short-Term Investments | | 1,760 | | (1,620 | ) |
Cash and Short-Term Investments at Beginning of Period | | 2,413 | | 3,380 | |
Cash and Short-Term Investments at End of Period | | $ | 4,173 | | $ | 1,760 | |
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information: | | | | | |
Cash paid during the period for— | | | | | |
Interest | | $ | 9,715 | | $ | 15,652 | |
Income taxes | | 32 | | 1,512 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated condensed financial statements
6
FIRST INVESTORS FINANCIAL SERVICES GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
January 31, 2007
1. The Company
Organization. First Investors Financial Services Group, Inc. (First Investors) was established to serve as a holding company for First Investors Financial Services, Inc. (FIFS) and FIFS’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, First Investors Insurance Company (FIIC), First Investors Auto Receivables Corporation (FIARC), F.I.R.C., Inc. (FIRC), First Investors Servicing Corporation (FISC), FIFS Acquisition Funding Corp. LLC, Farragut Financial Corporation, and First Investors Auto Funding Corporation. First Investors, together with its wholly- and majority-owned subsidiaries, is hereinafter referred to as the Company.
FIFS began operations in May 1989 and is principally involved in the business of originating and holding for investment retail installment contracts and promissory notes secured by new and used automobiles originated by factory authorized franchised dealers or directly through consumers. As of January 31, 2007, approximately 33% and 14% of receivables held for investment had been originated in Texas and Georgia, respectively. The Company currently operates in 28 states.
FIIC was organized under the captive insurance company laws of the state of Vermont for the purpose of reinsuring certain credit enhancement insurance policies that have been written by unrelated third party insurance companies.
On October 2, 1998, the Company completed the acquisition of FISC and the operations of FISC are included in the consolidated results of the Company since the date of acquisition. Headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, FISC performed servicing and collection activities on a portfolio of receivables originated for investment as well as on a portfolio of receivables originated and sold pursuant to two asset securitizations. As a result of the acquisition, the Company increased the total dollar value on its balance sheet of receivables, acquired an interest in certain trust certificates related to the asset securitizations and acquired certain servicing rights along with furniture, fixtures, equipment and technology to perform the servicing and collection functions for the portfolio of receivables under management.
On August 8, 2000, the Company entered into a partnership agreement whereby a subsidiary of the Company was the general partner owning 70% of the partnership interests and First Union Investors, Inc. served as the limited partner and owned 30% of the partnership interests. On September 19, 2003, First Investors Financial Services, Inc. purchased the limited partnership interests previously held by First Union Investors, Inc. The Partnership consists primarily of a portfolio of loans previously owned or securitized by FISC and certain other financial assets including charged-off accounts owned by FISC.
On December 24, 2002, the Company purchased 40% of the common stock and an investment in the junior mezzanine debt of First Auto Receivables Corporation (“FARC”). FARC purchased an approximately $197,500 portfolio of installment loan receivables from a subsidiary of Union Acceptance Corporation. FISC performs ongoing servicing and collection activities on the portfolio.
On March 19, 2003, FISC entered into a servicing agreement with an unrelated third party to service an approximately $300,000 portfolio of installment loan receivables purchased from a subsidiary of Union Acceptance Corporation.
In total, at January 31, 2007, FISC performs servicing and collection functions on a managed receivables portfolio of approximately $532,193.
7
2. Interim Financial Information
Basis of Presentation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of First Investors and its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Investments in which the Company exercises significant influence, but which it does not control (generally a 20% to 50% ownership interest), are accounted for under the equity method of accounting, except for variable interest entities for which the Company is considered the primary beneficiary under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51, as amended in December 2003 by Interpretation 46R. As of January 31, 2007, the Company does not have any variable interest entities under FIN 46 as amended by Interpretation 46R.
The results for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the fiscal year. In the opinion of management, the information furnished reflects all adjustments which are of a normal recurring nature and are necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial
position as of January 31, 2007, and the results of its operations for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 and 2006, and its cash flows for the nine months ended January 31, 2007 and 2006.
The consolidated financial statements for the interim periods have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information not misleading. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed July 27, 2006.
Receivables Held for Investment. Receivables Held for Investment represents the aggregate outstanding balance of installment sales contracts and promissory notes originated by the Company through its automobile dealer relationships or directly with consumers. The Company accrues interest income monthly using the effective interest method. When a receivable becomes 90 days past due, the income accrual is suspended until the payments become current. When a loan is charged off or the collateral is repossessed, the remaining income accrual is written off.
Other Income. Other Income consists of income received from servicing activities, other finance charges and fees, income from investments, reinvestment revenue, income earned from the sale of GAP insurance and extended service contracts, and realized loss on interest rate derivative positions. Servicing revenue is accrued as services are rendered. Late fees and other loan-related fees are recognized when received. Income from investments and reinvestment revenue are accrued based on the respective interest rate of such investment. Income from the sale of GAP insurance and extended service contracts is recognized when sold as the Company has no further obligation after the sale. Unrealized loss on interest rate derivatives is recognized when incurred.
Allowance for Credit Losses. The Company calculates the allowance for credit losses in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies. SFAS No. 114, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan does not apply to loans currently held by the Company because they comprise a large group of smaller balance homogenous loans that are evaluated collectively for impairment.
The Company initiates efforts to make customer contact as early as when the customer is one day past due and become more aggressive as the loan becomes further past due. Management reviews past due loans and considers various factors including payment history, job status and any events that may have occurred that prevent the customer from making a payment. Through the evaluation, if it is determined that the loan is uncollectible, the collateral is typically repossessed. Generally this occurs at 60 to 90 days after the loan becomes past due. Upon repossession, the uncollectible portion of the loan and 100% of accrued interest is written off. The fair value of the collateral is recorded as Assets Held for Sale. Fair value is determined by estimating the proceeds from the sale of the collateral, which primarily are comprised of auction proceeds on the sale of the automobile
8
less selling related expenses. After collection of all proceeds, the Company records an adjustment, positive or negative, based on the difference between the fair value estimate and the proceeds received. In the event the collateral cannot be located or if the customer refuses to pay and is not subject to bankruptcy court protection, the Company will write off the entire balance of the loan once it reaches 180 days past due. If the customer is subject to bankruptcy court protection, the loan generally remains in bankruptcy status as long as payments are being received from the trustee. If a payment is missed, the Company seeks to repossess the collateral with approval of the court. If the customer is dismissed from bankruptcy, the Company resumes collection efforts.
The Company applies a systematic methodology in order to determine the amount of the allowance for credit losses. The specific methodology is a six-month migration analysis whereby the Company compares the aging status of each loan on a date which is six months prior to the reporting date, to the aging status of the loan as of the reporting date. These factors are then applied to the aging status of each loan at the reporting date in order to calculate the number of loans that are expected to migrate to impaired status. The estimated number of impairments is then multiplied by the estimated loss per loan, which is based on historical information. Effective for the quarter ended April 30, 2005, the Company elected to increase its allowance for loan losses against loans that were greater than 120 days past due and loans in which the collateral had been assigned for repossession but had not yet been repossessed as of the reporting date. The Company believes that this increase is warranted in light of the change in federal bankruptcy laws enacted during the period and the recognition that the migration trends of severely delinquent loans and loans subject to bankruptcy are expected to become more protracted. Based on this, the Company has assigned a specific allowance against these loans equal to the outstanding balance of loans in these categories less the estimated recovery amount based on current data regarding liquidation of the collateral and collection of any additional payments. The Company utilized its most recent recovery rates in order to assess fair value of these loans. For loans that are not classified into these categories, the historical migration pattern is utilized in order to establish the estimated impairment. The allowance for credit losses is based on estimates and qualitative evaluations. Ultimate losses may vary from current estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically and as adjustments, either positive or negative, become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the period they become known.
Stock-Based Compensation. The Company expenses stock-based compensation expense in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment - a revision to SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (“SFAS No. 123(R)”) (see note 8).
Reclassifications. Certain reclassifications have been made to the fiscal 2006 amounts to conform to the fiscal 2007 presentation.
3. Receivables Held for Investment
The receivables generally have terms between 48 and 72 months and are collateralized by the underlying vehicles. Net receivable balances consisted of the following at April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007:
| | April 30, | | January 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Receivables | | $ | 368,878 | | $ | 470,545 | |
Unamortized premium and deferred fees (1) | | 10,853 | | 12,909 | |
Allowance for credit losses | | (2,332 | ) | (2,990 | ) |
Net receivables | | $ | 377,399 | | $ | 480,464 | |
(1) Includes premium and discounts paid to dealer plus deferred acquisition cost.
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Activity in the allowance for credit losses for the periods ended January 31, 2006 and 2007 was as follows:
| | For the Nine Months | |
| | Ended January 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 2,249 | | $ | 2,332 | |
Provision for credit losses | | 5,538 | | 8,431 | |
Charge-offs, net of recoveries | | (5,560 | ) | (7,773 | ) |
Balance, end of period | | $ | 2,227 | | $ | 2,990 | |
4. Debt
The Company finances its loan origination through two warehouse credit facilities. The Company’s credit facilities provide for one-year terms and have been renewed annually. Management of the Company believes that the credit facilities will continue to be renewed or extended or that it would be able to secure alternate financing on satisfactory terms; however, there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so. In November 2003, the Company issued $139,661 of asset-backed notes (“Term Notes”) secured by a discrete pool of receivables. In May 2005, the Company issued $175,493 in Term Notes secured by a discrete pool of receivables. In January 2006, the Company issued $189,060 in Term Notes secured by a discrete pool of receivables. Substantially all receivables retained by the Company are pledged as collateral for the credit facilities and the Term Notes. The weighted average interest rate for the Company’s secured borrowings, including the effect of program fees and dealer fees, was 4.4% and 5.2% for the periods ended January 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Warehouse Facilities as of January 31, 2007
| | | | | | | | | | | | Borrowing |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Rate At |
| | | | | | | | | | | | January 31, |
Facility | | Capacity | | Outstanding | | Interest Rate | | Fees | | Insurance | | 2007 |
FIARC | | $300,000 | | $210,865 | | Commercial paper rate plus .3% | | 30% of Unused Facility | | None | | 5.3% |
FIRC | | $50,000 | | $42,511 | | Option of a) Base Rate, which is the higher of prime rate or fed funds plus .5% or b) LIBOR plus .5% | | .25% of Unused Facility | | See below | | 5.8% |
Warehouse Facilities — Credit Enhancement as of January 31, 2007
Facility | | Cash Reserve | | Advance Rate | | Insurance |
FIARC | | 1% of outstanding receivables | | 94% | | None |
FIRC | | 1% of borrowings | | 100% | | Default Insurance (ALPI) |
FIRC - In order to obtain a lower cost of funding, the Company has agreed to maintain credit enhancement insurance covering the receivables pledged as collateral under the FIRC credit facility. The facility lenders, collectively, are named as additional insureds under this policy. The coverage is obtained on each receivable at the time it is purchased by the Company and the applicable premiums are prepaid for the life of the receivable. The insurance enhancing this facility is default insurance under a standard auto loan protection policy (known as “ALPI” insurance) which covers the difference between the outstanding balance of a receivable and the liquidation proceeds in the event the underlying collateral is repossessed. Solely at its expense, the Company
10
carries this coverage. Neither the vehicle purchasers nor the dealers are charged for the coverage and they are unaware of its existence. The Company’s ALPI insurance policy is written by National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh (“National Union”), which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of American International Group.
The premiums that the Company paid during the three months and nine months ended January 31, 2007 for its credit enhancement insurance coverages, of which the largest component is basic ALPI insurance, represented approximately 0.4% and 1.2%, respectively, of the principal amount of the receivables originated during the periods. Aggregate premiums paid for ALPI coverage alone were $585 and $359 during the three months ended, and $3,769 and $2,211 during the nine months ended, January 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, and accounted for 1.2% and 0.4% during the three months ended, and 1.6% and 0.9% for the nine months ended, January 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, of the principal amount of the receivables originated during such periods.
In April 1994, the Company organized First Investors Insurance Company (the “Insurance Subsidiary”) under the captive insurance company laws of the State of Vermont. The Insurance Subsidiary is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and is a party to a reinsurance agreement whereby the Insurance Subsidiary reinsures 100% of the risk under the Company’s ALPI insurance policy. At the time each receivable is insured by National Union, the risk is automatically reinsured to its full extent and approximately 96% of the premium paid by the Company to National Union with respect to such receivable is ceded to the Insurance Subsidiary. When a loss covered by the ALPI policy occurs, National Union pays it after the claim is processed, and National Union is then reimbursed in full by the Insurance Subsidiary. In addition to the monthly premiums and liquidity reserves of the Insurance Subsidiary, a trust account is maintained by National Union to secure the Insurance Subsidiary’s obligations for losses it has reinsured.
The result of the foregoing reinsurance structure is that National Union, as the “fronting” insurer under the captive arrangement, is unconditionally obligated to the Company’s credit facility lenders for all losses covered by the ALPI policy, and the Company, through its Insurance Subsidiary, is obligated to indemnify National Union for all such losses. As of January 31, 2007, the Insurance Subsidiary had capital and surplus of $2,270 and unencumbered cash reserves of $621 in addition to the $3,297 trust account.
The ALPI coverage, as well as the Insurance Subsidiary’s liability under the Reinsurance Agreement, remains in effect for each receivable that is pledged as collateral under the warehouse credit facility. Once receivables are transferred from FIRC to FIARC and financed under the commercial paper facility, ALPI coverage and the Insurance Subsidiary’s liability under the Reinsurance Agreement is cancelled with respect to the transferred receivables. Any unearned premium associated with the transferred receivables is returned to the Company. The Company believes the losses its Insurance Subsidiary will be required to indemnify will be less than the premiums ceded to it. However, there can be no assurance that losses will not exceed the premiums ceded and the capital and surplus of the Insurance Subsidiary.
FIARC — Credit enhancement for the FIARC warehouse facility is provided to the commercial paper investors by a 6% overcollaterization and a cash reserve account equal to 1% of the receivables held by FIARC. The Company is not a guarantor of, or otherwise a party to, such commercial paper.
Warehouse Facilities — Agents and Expirations
Facility | | Agent | | Expiration | | Event if not Renewed |
FIARC | | Wachovia | | February 13, 2008 | | Receivables pledged would be allowed to amortize; however, no new receivables would be allowed to transfer from the FIRC facility. |
FIRC | | Wachovia | | February 13, 2008 | | The loan would convert to a term loan which would mature six months thereafter and amortize monthly in accordance with the borrowing base with the remaining balance due at maturity. |
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On February 15, 2006, the FIRC facility was renewed, under similar terms and conditions, at the $50,000 commitment level until February 13, 2007. On February 14, 2007, the FIRC facility was extended to its current maturity date of February 13, 2008. As of April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007, there was $47,080 and $42,511, respectively, outstanding.
On March 15, 2006, following a short-term extension of the then current maturity date, the FIARC facility was renewed to February 14, 2007. In connection with the renewal, the Company obtained approval from the lender to eliminate the requirement that a surety bond be maintained to provide additional enhancement to the commercial paper investors as well as eliminating the requirement to purchase interest rate caps. As a result, the 0.35% surety bond premium and the 0.25% unused surety bond premium were eliminated. In exchange, the Company agreed to increase the program fee paid to the lender from 0.30% to 0.55% and to increase the unused fee paid to the lender from 0.25% to 0.30%. On October 11, 2006, the Company amended the facility to increase the commitment from $150,000 to $300,000 in order to fund the growth in origination volume. On February 14, 2007, the maturity date of the FIARC facility was extended to its current maturity date of February 13, 2008. As of April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007, there was $0 and $210,865, respectively, outstanding.
Management presently intends to seek further extensions to these warehouse facilities prior to the current expiration dates. Management considers its relationship with its lenders to be satisfactory and has no reason to believe that the FIRC and FIARC facilities will not be renewed at each of their respective expiration dates.
The following table contains pertinent information on the Term Notes as of January 31, 2007.
| | | | Issuance | | | | | | Interest |
Term Notes | | Issuance Date | | Amount | | Maturity Date | | Outstanding | | Rate |
2003-A | | November 11, 2003 | | $ | 139,661 | | April 20, 2011 | | $ | 22,180 | | 2.58 | % |
2005-A Class 2 | | May 5, 2005 | | $ | 106,493 | | July 16, 2012 | | $ | 68,855 | | 4.23 | % |
2006-A Class 2 | | January 26, 2006 | | $ | 47,000 | | March 16, 2009 | | $ | 14,058 | | 4.87 | % |
2006-A Class 3 | | January 26, 2006 | | $ | 74,000 | | February 15, 2011 | | $ | 74,000 | | 4.93 | % |
2006-A Class 4 | | January 26, 2006 | | $ | 36,060 | | April 15, 2013 | | $ | 36,060 | | 5.00 | % |
Credit enhancement on the Term Notes are as follows:
Facility | | Cash Reserve | | Advance Rate | | Insurance |
2003-A | | 0.5% of Initial Pool Balance, increasing to 2% of Initial Pool Balance including Pre-Funding Amount | | 96.5% initial advance, decreasing to 96.1% | | Surety Bond |
2005-A | | 1.0% of Initial Pool Balance, increasing to 2% of Initial Pool Balance including Pre-Funding Amount | | 97.0% initial advance, decreasing to 95.75% | | Surety Bond |
2006-A | | 1.0% of Initial Pool Balance, increasing to 2% of Initial Pool Balance including Pre-Funding Amount | | 98.5% initial advance, decreasing to 96.75% | | Surety Bond |
Term Notes - On November 20, 2003, the Company, through its indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary, First Investors Auto Owner Trust 2003-A (“2003 Auto Trust”), completed the issuance of $139,661 of 2.58% Class A
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asset-backed notes (“2003-A Term Notes”). The initial pool of automobile receivables transferred to the 2003 Auto Trust totaled $114,727, which was previously owned by FIRC and FIARC, secure the 2003-A Term Notes. In addition to the issuance of the Class A Notes, the 2003 Auto Trust also issued a $5,066 Class B Note that was retained by the Company and pledged to secure the Working Capital Facility as further described below. Proceeds from the issuance, which totaled $139,657, were used to (i) fund a $30,000 pre-funding account to be used for future loan originations, (ii) repay all outstanding borrowings under the FIARC commercial paper facility, (iii) reduce the outstanding borrowings under the FIRC credit facility, (iv) pay transaction fees related to the 2003-A Term Note issuance, and (v) fund an initial cash reserve account of 0.5%, or $574, of the initial receivables pledged. The Class A Term Notes bear interest at 2.58% and require monthly principal reductions sufficient to reduce the balance of the Class A Term Notes to 96.1% of the outstanding balance of the underlying receivables pool. The final maturity of the 2003-A Term Notes is April 20, 2011. The Class B Note does not bear interest but requires principal reductions sufficient to reduce the balance of the Class B Note to 3.9% of the outstanding balance of the underlying receivables pool. A surety bond issued by MBIA Insurance Corporation provides credit enhancement for the Class A Notes. In the event that certain asset quality covenants are not met, the reserve account target level will increase to 6% of the then current principal balance of the receivables pool. As of April 30, 2006, and January 31, 2007, the outstanding principal balances on the 2003-A Term Notes were $37,715 and $22,180, respectively.
On May 5, 2005, the Company, through its indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary, First Investors Auto Owner Trust 2005-A (“2005 Auto Trust”), completed the issuance of $69,000 of 3.57% Class A-1 asset-backed notes and $106,493 of 4.23% Class A-2 asset-backed notes (collectively “2005-A Term Notes”), for a total of $175,493 of asset backed notes. The initial pool of automobile receivables transferred to the 2005 Auto Trust totaled $150,921, was previously owned by FIRC and FIARC, and secures the 2005-A Term Notes. In addition to the issuance of the Class A-1 and Class A-2 Notes, the 2005 Auto Trust also issued a $5,428 Class B Note that was retained by the Company and pledged to secure the Working Capital Facility as further described below. Proceeds from the issuance, which totaled $175,488, were used to (i) fund a $30,000 pre-funding account to be used for future loan originations, (ii) repay all outstanding borrowings under the FIARC commercial paper facility, (iii) reduce the outstanding borrowings under the FIRC credit facility, (iv) pay transaction fees related to the 2005-A Term Note issuance, and (v) fund an initial cash reserve account of 1%, or $1,509, of the initial receivables pledged. The Class A-1 and Class A-2 Term Notes bear interest at 3.57% and 4.23%, respectively, and require monthly principal reductions sufficient to reduce the balance of the Class A Term Notes to 95.75% of the outstanding balance of the underlying receivables pool. The Class A-1 Notes were paid off during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2006. The final maturity of the Class A-2 Term Notes is July 16, 2012. The Class B Note does not bear interest but requires principal reductions sufficient to reduce the balance of the Class B Note to 4.25% of the outstanding balance of the underlying receivables pool. A surety bond issued by MBIA Insurance Corporation provides credit enhancement for the Class A Notes. In the event that certain asset quality covenants are not met, the reserve account target level will increase to 2% of the then current principal balance of the receivables pool. As of April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007, the outstanding principal balances on the 2005-A Term Notes were $106,162 and $68,855, respectively.
On January 26, 2006, the Company, through its indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary, First Investors Auto Owner Trust 2006-A (“2006 Auto Trust”), completed the issuance of $32,000 of 4.57% Class A-1 asset-backed notes, $47,000 of 4.87% Class A-2 asset-backed notes, $74,000 of 4.93% Class A-3 asset-backed notes, and $36,060 of 5.00% Class A-4 asset-backed notes (collectively “2006-A Term Notes”), for a total of $189,060 of asset backed notes. The initial pool of automobile receivables transferred to the 2006 Auto Trust totaled $151,939, was previously owned by FIRC and FIARC, and secures the 2006-A Term Notes. In addition to the issuance of the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, and Class A-4 Notes, the 2006 Auto Trust also issued a $2,879 Class B Note that was retained by the Company and pledged to secure the Working Capital Facility as further described below. Proceeds from the issuance, which totaled $188,446, were used to (i) fund a $40,000 pre-funding account to be used for future loan originations, (ii) repay all outstanding borrowings under the FIARC commercial paper facility, (iii) reduce the outstanding borrowings under the FIRC credit facility, (iv) pay transaction fees related to the 2006-A Term Note issuance, and (v) fund an initial cash reserve account of 1% or $1,519 of the initial receivables pledged. The 2006-A Term Notes require monthly principal reductions sufficient to reduce the
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balance of the notes to 96.75% of the outstanding balance of the underlying receivables pool. The Class A-1 notes were paid off during the quarter ended July 31, 2006. The final maturities of the Class A-2, Class A-3, and Class A-4 Term Notes are March 16, 2009, February 15, 2011, and April 15, 2013, respectively. The Class B Note does not bear interest but requires principal reductions sufficient to reduce the balance of the Class B Note to 3.25% of the outstanding balance of the underlying receivables pool. A surety bond issued by MBIA Insurance Corporation provides credit enhancement for the Class A Notes. In the event that certain asset quality covenants are not met, the reserve account target level will increase to the greater of 2% of the initial pool balance or 6% of the then current principal balance of the receivables pool. As of April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007, the outstanding principal balances on the 2006-A Class A Term Notes were $172,708 and $124,118, respectively.
Working Capital Facility. The facility is provided to a special-purpose, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, First Investors Residual Funding LP. This facility revolves monthly in accordance with a borrowing base consisting of the overcollateralization amount and reserve account for each of the Company’s other credit facilities. The facility is secured solely by the residual cash flow and cash reserve accounts related to the Company’s warehouse credit facilities and the existing and future term note facilities. The outstanding borrowings under the facility bear interest at one-month LIBOR plus 2.25%. In addition, a commitment fee of 1.5% is paid on the total amount of this facility. On October 26, 2004, the Working Capital Facility was extended until October 10, 2005, increasing the commitment amount from $9,000 to $13,500. The interest rate remained at LIBOR plus 2.25% and the commitment fee paid on the total available amount of the facility was maintained at 1.5%. On August 15, 2005, the Working Capital Facility was extended until February 15, 2006, increasing the commitment amount to $23,500, and was subsequently extended on February 15, 2006 until February 14, 2007. The interest rate remained at LIBOR plus 2.25% and the commitment fee paid on the total available amount of the facility was maintained at 1.5%. On November 7, 2006, the Company amended the facility to increase the commitment amount from $23,500 to $28,500. On February 14, 2007, the working capital facility was extended to its current maturity date of February 13, 2008, under similar terms and conditions. As of April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007, there was $16,454 and $24,283, respectively, outstanding under this facility.
The Company presently intends to seek a renewal of the working capital facility from its lender prior to maturity. Should the facility not be renewed, the outstanding balance of the receivables would be amortized in accordance with the borrowing base. Management considers its relationship with its lenders to be satisfactory and has no reason to believe that this credit facility will not be renewed. If the facility is not renewed, however, or if material changes are made to its terms and conditions, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
Related Party Loans. On December 3, 2001, the Company entered into an agreement with one of its shareholders who is a member of its Board of Directors under which the Company may, from time to time, borrow up to $2,500. On December 6, 2004, the original $2,500 shareholder loan was replaced with a $2,500 loan containing identical terms and conditions between the Company and a limited partnership that is affiliated with a current shareholder and member of the Board of Directors The proceeds of the borrowings have been utilized to fund certain private and open market purchases of the Company’s common stock pursuant to a Stock Repurchase Plan authorized by the Board of Directors and for general corporate purposes. Borrowings under the facility bear interest at a fixed rate of 10% per annum. The facility is unsecured and expressly subordinated to the Company’s senior credit facilities. The facility matures on December 3, 2008 but may be repaid at any time unless the Company is in default on one of its other credit facilities. There was $2,500 outstanding under this facility as of April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007. For the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006 and January 31, 2007, the Company recorded interest expense under these facilities of $63 and $189, respectively.
Loan Covenants. The documentation governing these credit facilities and Term Notes contains numerous covenants relating to the Company’s business, the maintenance of credit enhancement insurance covering the receivables (if applicable), the observance of certain financial covenants, the avoidance of certain levels of delinquency experience and other matters. The breach of these covenants, if not cured within the time limits specified, could precipitate events of default that might result in the acceleration of the FIRC credit facility, the Term Notes and the working capital facility or the termination of the commercial paper facilities. The Company
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was not in default with respect to any financial and non-financial covenants governing these financing arrangements at January 31, 2007.
Interest Rate Management. The Company’s warehouse credit facilities and working capital facilities bear interest at floating interest rates which are reset on a short-term basis while the secured Term Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of interest. The Company’s receivables bear interest at fixed rates that do not generally vary with a change in market interest rates. Since a primary contributor to the Company’s profitability is its ability to manage its net interest spread, the Company seeks to maximize the net interest spread while minimizing exposure to changes in interest rates. In connection with managing the net interest spread, the Company may periodically enter into interest rate swaps or caps to minimize the effects of market interest rate fluctuations on the net interest spread. To the extent that the Company has outstanding floating rate borrowings or has elected to convert a portion of its borrowings from fixed rates to floating rates, the Company will be exposed to fluctuations in short-term interest rates.
On July 18, 2005, as a requirement of the FIARC commercial paper facility, the Company entered into an interest rate cap transaction, with a strike rate of 6%. The aggregate initial notional amount of the cap was $18,804 which amortizes over six years. The Company paid $59 in premium to purchase this cap. The interest rate cap was not designated as a hedge, and accordingly, changes in the fair value of the interest rate caps were recorded as an unrealized loss and are reflected in net income. During the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006, the Company recorded realized losses of $195 and $175, respectively, that are included as a separate line under other income. This requirement was eliminated as part of the facility’s renewal.
5. Earnings Per Share
Earnings per share amounts are based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock and potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of shares used to compute basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006 and 2007 are as follows:
| | For the Three Months Ended | | For the Nine Months Ended | |
| | January 31, | | January 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Weighted average shares: | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average shares outstanding for basic earnings per share | | 4,451,693 | | 4,477,694 | | 4,433,963 | | 4,469,708 | |
Effect of dilutive stock options and warrants | | 294,587 | | 293,426 | | 181,512 | | 318,378 | |
Weighted average shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share | | 4,746,280 | | 4,771,120 | | 4,615,475 | | 4,788,086 | |
For the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006 and 2007, the Company had 63,500 and 291,000 stock options and stock warrants, respectively, which were not included in the computation of diluted income per share because to do so would have been antidilutive for the period presented.
6. Investment in First Auto Receivables Corporation
On December 24, 2002, the Company invested $475 for a 40% ownership interest in First Auto Receivables Corporation (“FARC”) and $713 for junior mezzanine investments of FARC. FARC purchased a $197,500 automobile loan portfolio from UAFC-2 Corporation, a subsidiary of Union Acceptance Corporation, with proceeds from $186,000 in senior bridge debt, $8,900 of senior mezzanine debt, $1,800 of junior mezzanine debt and $1,200 of equity. The bridge debt interest rate is LIBOR plus 1%, the senior mezzanine interest rate is 22.5% and the junior mezzanine interest rate is 25%.
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The Company accounts for its ownership investment in FARC using the equity method in accordance with APB Opinion 18. In addition to the equity and debt investments, the Company performs loan servicing and collection activities on the portfolio. The Company recognized servicing revenue of $122 and $67 for the three months ended, and $423 and $244 for the nine months ended, January 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, interest income of $21 and $0 for the three months ended, and $76 and $9 for the nine months ended, January 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, and equity in earnings in FARC of $96 and $281 for the three months ended, and $333 and $667 for the nine months ended, January 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. As of April 30, 2006 the equity investment in FARC of $873 and junior mezzanine debt of $80 and as of January 31, 2007, the equity investment in FARC of $1,086 and junior mezzanine debt of $0 are included in Deferred Financing Costs and Other Assets on the balance sheet.
7. New Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (“FIN 48”), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income tax positions. This Interpretation requires that the Company recognize in its financial statements the impact of a tax position if that position is more likely than not of being overturned on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. The provisions of FIN 48 are effective for the Company on May 1, 2007, with the cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle, if any, recorded as an adjustment to opening retained earnings. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting FIN 48 on its financial position, cash flows, and results of operations.
In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments—an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140 (“SFAS 155”). This statement amends SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (“SFAS 133”), and SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities and resolves issues addressed in SFAS 133 Implementation Issue No. D1, Application of Statement 133 to Beneficial Interest in Securitized Financial Assets. This Statement: (a) permits fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument that contains an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation; (b) clarifies which interest-only strips and principal-only strips are not subject to the requirements of SFAS 133; (c) establishes a requirement to evaluate beneficial interests in securitized financial assets to identify interests that are freestanding derivatives or that are hybrid financial instruments that contain an embedded derivative requiring bifurcation; (d) clarifies that concentrations of credit risk in the form of subordination are not embedded derivatives; and, (e) eliminates restrictions on a qualifying special-purpose entity’s ability to hold passive derivative financial instruments that pertain to beneficial interests that are or contain a derivative financial instrument. The standard also requires presentation within the financial statements that identifies those hybrid financial instruments for which the fair value election has been applied and information on the income statement impact of the changes in fair value of those instruments. The Company is required to apply SFAS 155 to all financial instruments acquired, issued or subject to a remeasurement event beginning May 1, 2007. The provisions of SFAS 155 are not expected to have a financial statement impact at adoption; however, the standard could affect the future income recognition for securitized financial assets because there may be more embedded derivatives identified with changes in fair value recognized in net income.
In March 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 156, Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets — an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140 (“SFAS 156”). SFAS 156 requires an entity to recognize a servicing asset or servicing liability each time it undertakes an obligation to service a financial asset by entering into a servicing contract in specific situations. Additionally, the servicing asset or servicing liability shall be initially measured at fair value, if practicable. SFAS 156 permits an entity to choose either the amortization method or fair value measurement method for subsequent measurement of the servicing asset or servicing liability. SFAS 156 is effective for the fiscal year ending April 30, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS 156 on its financial position, cash flows, and results of operations; however it is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
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In September 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements (“SAB 108”). SAB 108 provides interpretive guidance on how the effects of the carryover or reversal of prior year misstatements should be considered in quantifying a current year misstatement. Under this bulletin, registrants should quantify errors using both a balance sheet and an income statement approach and evaluate whether either approach results in quantifying a misstatement that, when all relevant quantitative and qualitative factors are considered, is material. SAB 108 is effective for the fiscal year ending April 30, 2007. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SAB 108 on its financial position, cash flows, and results of operations.
8. Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock. The Company has authorized 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a $1.00 par value. As of January 31, 2007, no shares had been issued.
Employee Stock Option Plan. In June 1995, the Board of Directors adopted the Company’s 1995 Employee Stock Option Plan (the Plan). The Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors and provides that options may be granted to officers and other key employees for the purchase of up to 300,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustment in the event of certain changes in capitalization. On September 10, 2002, the number of shares of common stock available for issuance was increased to 500,000. Options may be granted either as incentive stock options (which are intended to qualify for certain favorable tax treatment) or as non-qualified stock options. The Compensation Committee selects the persons to receive options and determines the exercise price, the duration, any conditions on exercise and other terms of the options. In the case of options intended to be incentive stock options, the exercise price may not be less than 100% of the fair market value per share of common stock on the date of grant. With respect to non-qualified stock options, the exercise price may be fixed as low as 50% of the fair market value per share at the time of grant. In no event may the duration of an option exceed 10 years and no option may be granted after the expiration of 10 years from the adoption of the Plan. As of April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007, a total of 360,500 options had been issued, and 294,500 and 278,500, respectively, options remained outstanding. This plan expired on June 27, 2005.
On September 8, 2005, the shareholders approved the Company’s 2005 Employee Stock Option Plan (the 2005 Plan). The 2005 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors and provides that options may be granted to officers and other key employees for the purchase of up to 200,000 shares of common stock, which was subsequently amended on September 6, 2006, increasing the number of available shares to 400,000, subject to adjustment in the event of certain changes in capitalization. Options may be granted either as incentive stock options (which are intended to qualify for certain favorable tax treatment) or as non-qualified stock options. The Compensation Committee selects the persons to receive options and determines the exercise price, the duration, any conditions on exercise and other terms of the options. The exercise price may not be less than 100% of the fair market value per share of common stock on the date of grant, and in no event may the duration of an option exceed 10 years and no option may be granted after the expiration of 10 years from the adoption of the Plan. As of April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007, a total of 102,500 and 197,500, respectively, options had been issued and remained outstanding, leaving a remaining 97,500 and 202,500, respectively, available for issuance.
The exercise price of the option is payable in cash upon exercise. At the discretion of the Compensation Committee, options may be issued in tandem with stock appreciation rights entitling the option holder to receive an amount in cash or in shares of common stock, or a combination thereof, equal in value to any increase since the date of grant in the fair market value of the common stock covered by the option.
Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan - In September 2002, the Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan was established to further align the interests of the Company’s directors with the interests of the shareholders, as well as attracting and retaining qualified directors. This plan was subsequently amended in July 2006 to increase the number of options available for issuance to 900,000. The Board of Directors administers the
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plan and the options will not be qualified as incentive stock options. Option types will be automatic and discretionary. Automatic grants of 28,000 shares for each non-employee director, or 140,000 shares total, were approved in July 2006. Subsequent automatic grants of an option to purchase 28,000 shares shall be made to each non-employee director on July 15th each year, beginning July 15, 2007. The plan also gives the Board of Directors discretionary authority to provide for additional option grants if the Company’s annual financial performance exceeds parameters established by the Board. No discretionary grants have been awarded. As of April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007, a total of 490,000 and 630,000, respectively, options had been issued under the plan, leaving a remaining 10,000 and 270,000, respectively, available for issuance. In addition to the options granted above, there were an additional 20,000 options granted to a director in 1995, before the adoption of the Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan. All options issued under this plan were issued with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the underlying common stock on the date of the grant.
Effective May 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) for its share-based compensation plans. The Company previously accounted for these plans under the recognition and measurement principles of Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, (“APB 25”) and related interpretations and disclosure requirements established by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-based Compensation, (“SFAS No. 123”), as amended by SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock Based Compensation—Transition and Disclosure.
Under APB 25, no compensation expense was recorded in earnings for the Company’s stock-based options granted under the Company’s 1995 Employee Stock Option Plan, 2005 Employee Stock Option Plan, and Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan (the “Plans”). The pro forma effects on net income and income per share for the awards issued under the Plans were instead disclosed in a footnote to the financial statements. Under SFAS No. 123(R), all share-based compensation is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense in earnings over the requisite service period.
The Company adopted SFAS No. 123(R) using the modified prospective method. Under this transition method, for all share-based awards granted prior to May 1, 2006 that remain outstanding as of that date, compensation cost is recognized for the unvested portion over the remaining requisite service period, using the grant-date fair value measured under the original provisions of SFAS No. 123 for pro forma disclosure purposes. Furthermore, compensation costs will also be recognized for any awards issued, modified, repurchased, or canceled after May 1, 2006.
The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes-Merton model for calculating the fair value pro forma disclosures under SFAS No. 123, which is an acceptable valuation approach under SFAS No. 123(R).
The following table summarizes the option-pricing model assumptions used to compute the weighted average fair value of stock options granted during the periods below that remain outstanding as of January 31, 2007:
| | For the Nine Months Ended January 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Dividend yield | | — | | — | |
Expected volatility | | 19.34 | % | 26.44 | % |
Risk-free interest rate | | 3.93 | % | 5.02 | % |
Estimated life (in years) | | 4 | | 6 | |
Weighted average fair-value of options granted | | $ | 1.13 | | $ | 3.06 | |
| | | | | | | |
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The following table summarizes the option activity under the Plans as of January 31, 2007, and the options exercisable at the end of the reported period:
| | Options | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term | | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |
Outstanding options, beginning of period | | 867 | | $ | 4.72 | | | | | |
Granted | | 237 | | $ | 8.05 | | | | | |
Forfeited and Expired | | (15 | ) | $ | 8.97 | | | | | |
Exercised | | (23 | ) | $ | 4.56 | | | | | |
Outstanding options, end of period | | 1,066 | | $ | 5.40 | | 7.2 | | $ | 2,199 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Exercisable at end of period | | 572 | | $ | 4.61 | | 5.8 | | $ | 1,563 | |
Vested and expected to vest at end of period | | 1,023 | | $ | 5.40 | | 7.2 | | $ | 2,139 | |
The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended January 31, 2007 and 2006 was $79 and $61. The total grant date fair value of stock options that became fully vested for the nine months ended January 31, 2007 was approximately $752.
Cash received from option exercises under all share based payment arrangements for the nine months ended January 31, 2007 and 2006 was $107 and $145, respectively. The estimated tax benefit expected to be realized for the nine months ended January 31, 2007 and 2006 is $23 and $0, respectively.
A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested shares as of January 31, 2007, and changes during the nine months ended January 31, 2007, is presented below:
| Nonvested Shares | | | Shares | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |
Nonvested at April 30, 2006 | | 428 | | $ | 1.78 | |
Granted | | 237 | | 3.06 | |
Vested | | (167 | ) | 1.22 | |
Forfeited | | (4 | ) | 5.59 | |
Nonvested at January 31, 2007 | | 494 | | $ | 1.96 | |
As of January 31, 2007, there was $777 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Plans. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.6 years. The total fair value of shares vested during the nine months ended January 31, 2007 and 2006 was $1,201 and $1,186, respectively.
SFAS No. 123(R) also requires the Company to estimate forfeitures in calculating the expense relating to stock-based compensation as opposed to accounting for forfeitures as they occur, as allowed by SFAS No. 123. The Company adjusted for this effect with respect to unvested options as of May 1, 2006 in the stock-based compensation expense recognized, which was recorded within general and administrative expense on the Company’s consolidated statement of earnings. This adjustment was not recorded as a cumulative effect adjustment because no compensation cost was recognized prior to the adoption SFAS No. 123(R). In addition, SFAS No. 123(R) requires the Company to reflect the tax savings resulting from tax deductions in excess of expense reflected in its financial statements as a financing cash flow rather than as an operating cash flow as in prior periods.
Total compensation costs related to stock-based compensation that have been charged against income during the three months ended January 31, 2007 were $56, net of income tax benefits of $26. Total compensation costs
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related to stock-based compensation that have been charged against income during the nine months ended January 31, 2007 were $175, net of income tax benefits of $49. Included in this total are $56 and $175 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, respectively, resulting from the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R), which would have previously been presented in a pro forma footnote disclosure, as discussed above.
The following table illustrates the effect on net earnings and earnings per share as if the Company had applied the fair-value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) to all of its share-based compensation awards for periods prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R), and the actual effect on net earnings and earnings per share for the period subsequent to the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R):
| | For the Three Months Ended January 31, | | For the Nine Months Ended January 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Net Earnings, as reported | | $ | 318 | | $ | 821 | | $ | 2,008 | | $ | 2,852 | |
Add: Total stock option plan compensation expense included in the determination of reported net earnings, net of taxes | | — | | 56 | | — | | 175 | |
Deduct: Total stock option plan compensation expense determined under fair value based method for awards granted, modified or settled, net of taxes | | (54 | ) | (56 | ) | (157 | ) | (175 | ) |
Pro Forma Net Earnings | | $ | 264 | | $ | 821 | | $ | 1,851 | | $ | 2,852 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Basic Net Earnings per Common Share, as reported | | $ | 0.07 | | $ | 0.18 | | $ | 0.45 | | $ | 0.64 | |
Diluted Net Earnings per Common Share, as reported | | $ | 0.07 | | $ | 0.17 | | $ | 0.44 | | $ | 0.60 | |
Basic Net Earnings per Common Share, pro forma | | $ | 0.06 | | $ | 0.18 | | $ | 0.41 | | $ | 0.64 | |
Diluted Net Earnings per Common Share, pro forma | | $ | 0.06 | | $ | 0.17 | | $ | 0.40 | | $ | 0.60 | |
9. Income Taxes
The Company has recorded income tax expense as a percentage of income before taxes for the three and nine months ended:
| | For the Three Months Ended January 31, | | For the Nine Months Ended January 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Income tax - statutory rate | | 34.0 | % | 34.0 | % | 34.0 | % | 34.0 | % |
State income tax, net of federal benefit | | 1.3 | % | 1.4 | % | 0.4 | % | 1.1 | % |
Reversal of uncertain tax position | | — | | — | | — | | (19.8 | )% |
Non-deductible (benefit) expenses | | (1.6 | )% | — | | 1.8 | % | 0.4 | % |
Benefit related to the exercise of stock options | | (5.1 | )% | — | | (0.7 | )% | — | |
Year to date impact of adjustment to federal return | | (6.5 | )% | (5.1 | )% | (0.9 | )% | — | |
Year to date impact of adjustment to state return | | — | | (2.9 | )% | — | | — | |
Effective income tax rate | | 22.1 | % | 27.4 | % | 34.6 | % | 15.7 | % |
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Critical Accounting Policies
Financial Reporting Release No. 60, which was issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), requires all registrants to discuss critical accounting policies or methods used in the preparation of financial statements. Note 2 to the consolidated condensed financial statements includes a summary of the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
The preparation of financial statements includes the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of net revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. The following is a review of the more significant assumptions and estimates, as well as the accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.
Receivables Held for Investment. Receivables Held for Investment represents the aggregate outstanding balance of installment sales contracts and promissory notes originated by the Company through its automobile dealer relationships or directly with consumers, which includes the amortization of premiums or discounts associated with the loan originations. The Company accrues interest income monthly using the effective interest method. When a receivable becomes 90 days past due, the income accrual is suspended until the payments become current. When a loan is charged off or the collateral is repossessed, the remaining income accrual is written off.
Other Income. Other Income consists of income received from servicing activities, late fees and other loan-related fees, income from investments, reinvestment revenue, GAP insurance and extended service contracts, and unrealized loss on interest rate derivative positions. Servicing revenue is accrued as services are rendered. Late fees and other loan-related fees are recognized when received. Income from investments and reinvestment revenue are accrued based on the respective interest rate of such investment. Revenue from the sale of GAP insurance and extended service contracts is recognized when sold as the Company has no further obligation after the sale. Unrealized loss on interest rate derivatives is recognized when incurred.
Advertising Costs. The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred.
Allowance for Credit Losses. The Company calculates the allowance for credit losses in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies. SFAS No. 114, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan does not apply to loans currently held by the Company because they comprise a large group of smaller balance homogenous loans that are evaluated collectively for impairment.
The Company initiates efforts to make customer contact as early as when the customer is one day past due and become more aggressive as the loan becomes further past due. Management reviews past due loans and considers various factors including payment history, job status and any events that may have occurred that prevent the customer from making a payment. Through the evaluation, if it is determined that the loan is uncollectible, the collateral is typically repossessed. Generally this occurs at 60 to 90 days after the loan becomes past due. Upon repossession, the uncollectible portion of the loan and 100% of accrued interest is written off. The fair value of the collateral is recorded as Assets Held for Sale. Fair value is determined by estimating the proceeds from the sale of the collateral, which primarily are comprised of auction proceeds on the sale of the automobile less selling related expenses. After collection of all proceeds, the Company records an adjustment, positive or negative, based on the difference between the fair value estimate and the proceeds received. In the event the collateral cannot be located or if the customer refuses to pay and is not subject to bankruptcy court protection, the Company will write off the entire balance of the loan once it reaches 180 days past due. If the customer is subject to bankruptcy court protection, the loan generally remains in bankruptcy status as long as payments are being received from the trustee. If a payment is missed, the Company seeks to repossess the collateral with approval of the court. If the customer is dismissed from bankruptcy, the Company resumes collection efforts.
The Company applies a systematic methodology in order to determine the amount of the allowance for credit losses. The specific methodology is a six-month migration analysis whereby the Company compares the aging
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status of each loan on a date which is six months prior to the reporting date, to the aging loan status as of the reporting date. These factors are then applied to the aging status of each loan at the reporting date in order to calculate the number of loans that are expected to migrate to impaired status. The estimated number of impairments is then multiplied by the estimated loss per loan, which is based on historical information. During the quarter ended April 30, 2005, the Company elected to increase its allowance for loan losses against loans that were greater than 120 days past due and loans in which the collateral had been assigned for repossession but had not yet been repossessed as of the reporting date. The Company believes that this increase is warranted in light of the change in federal bankruptcy laws enacted during the period and the recognition that the migration trends of severely delinquent loans and loans subject to bankruptcy are expected to become more protracted. Based on this, the Company has assigned a specific allowance against these loans equal to the outstanding balance of loans in these categories less the estimated recovery amount based on current data regarding liquidation of the collateral and collection of any additional payments. The Company utilized its most recent recovery rates in order to assess fair value of these loans. For loans that are not classified into these categories, the historical migration pattern is utilized in order to establish the estimated impairment. Despite the increase in allowance associated with the higher delinquency loans and bankrupt accounts, the total allowance for loan losses decreased during the period as a percentage of Receivables Held for Investment due to improving overall delinquency trends and lower repossession and loss rates. The allowance for credit losses is based on estimates and qualitative evaluations. Ultimate losses may vary from current estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically and as adjustments, either positive or negative, become necessary, are reported in earnings in the period they become known.
Stock-Based Compensation. The Company expenses stock-based compensation expense in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment - a revision to SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (“SFAS No. 123(R)”). Prior to SFAS 123R adoption, we accounted for share-based payments under APB 25 and accordingly, accounted for our stock-based compensation using the intrinsic value method.
Managed Receivables
The Company’s managed receivables are:
| | As of or for the Periods | |
| | Ended January 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Receivables Held for Investment: | | | | | |
Number | | 21,113 | | 28,011 | |
Principal balance | | $ | 336,300 | | $ | 470,545 | |
Average principal balance of receivables outstanding during the nine-month period | | $ | 301,737 | | $ | 418,509 | |
Average principal balance of receivables outstanding during the three-month period | | $ | 329,993 | | $ | 449,705 | |
Other Servicing: | | | | | |
Number | | 10,866 | | 7,478 | |
Principal balance | | $ | 123,825 | | $ | 61,648 | |
Total Managed Receivables Portfolio: | | | | | |
Number | | 32,282 | | 35,489 | |
Principal balance | | $ | 460,125 | | $ | 532,193 | |
Average principal balance of receivables outstanding during the nine-month period | | $ | 456,789 | | $ | 500,362 | |
Average principal balance of receivables outstanding during the three-month period | | $ | 463,722 | | $ | 517,215 | |
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The following table sets forth information with regard to the Company’s net interest spread, which represents the difference between the effective yield on Receivables Held for Investment and the Company’s average cost of debt utilized to fund these receivables, and its net interest margin (averages based on month-end balances):
| | Three Months Ended January 31, | | Nine Months Ended January 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Receivables Held for Investment: | | | | | | | | | |
Effective yield on Receivables Heldfor Investment (1) | | 12.5 | % | 13.0 | % | 12.7 | % | 12.8 | % |
Average cost of debt (2) | | 4.6 | % | 5.7 | % | 4.5 | % | 5.5 | % |
Net interest spread (3) | | 7.9 | % | 7.3 | % | 8.2 | % | 7.3 | % |
Net interest margin (4) | | 7.8 | % | 7.3 | % | 8.1 | % | 7.3 | % |
(1) Represents interest income as a percentage of average Receivables Held for Investment outstanding.
(2) Represents interest expense as a percentage of average debt outstanding.
(3) Represents yield on Receivables Held for Investment less average cost of debt.
(4) Represents net interest income as a percentage of average Receivables Held for Investment outstanding.
Net interest income is the difference between interest earned from the receivables portfolio and interest expense incurred on the credit facilities used to finance the receivables. Net interest income was $8,189 and $22,875 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, respectively, an increase of 28.1% and 24.5% when compared to amounts reported for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006, respectively.
The amount of net interest income is the result of the relationship between the average principal amount of receivables held and average rate earned thereon and the average principal amount of debt incurred to finance such receivables and the average rates paid thereon. Changes in the principal amount and rate components associated with the receivables and debt can be segregated to analyze the periodic changes in net interest income. The following table analyzes the changes attributable to the principal amount and rate components of net interest income:
| | Three Months Ended January 31, 2006 to 2007 | | Nine Months Ended January 31, 2006 to 2007 | |
| | Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in | | Increase (Decrease) Due to Change in | |
| | Average Principal Amount | | Average Rate | | Total Net | | Average Principal Amount | | Average Rate | | Total Net | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Receivables Held for Investment: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income | | $ | 3,491 | | $ | 730 | | $ | 4,221 | | $ | 11,112 | | $ | 402 | | $ | 11,514 | |
Interest expense | | 1,243 | | 1,183 | | 2,426 | | 3,773 | | 3,236 | | 7,009 | |
Net interest income | | $ | 2,248 | | $ | (453 | ) | $ | 1,795 | | $ | 7,339 | | $ | (2,834 | ) | $ | 4,505 | |
Results of Operations
Three and Nine Months Ended January 31, 2007 and 2006
Key Factors. The critical factors affecting the Company’s profitability during any period are (i) loan origination volume and the corresponding growth in Receivables Held For Investment; (2) the level of net interest spread, which is defined as the difference between the effective yield on Receivables Held for Investment and the cost of funds under the Company’s credit facilities and securitizations utilized to finance these receivables; (3) the level of provision for credit losses; (4) the amount of income derived from other activities; and (5) the ability of the Company to control operating expenses relative to the total amount of the managed portfolio.
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Executive Summary. Net earnings for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 were $821 and $2,852, respectively, compared to $318 and $2,008 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006, respectively. Basic earnings per common share were $0.18 and $0.64, respectively, for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to $0.07 and $0.45, respectively, for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. Diluted earnings per common share were $0.17 and $0.60, respectively, for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to $0.07 and $0.44, respectively, for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. The increase in net earnings for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 compared to January 31, 2006 is due to several factors, including (i) a $4,221 increase in interest income for the three months ended January 31, 2007, and an $11,514 increase in interest income for the nine months ended January 31, 2007 due to a 36% and 39% increase in the average balance of Receivables Held for Investment for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, respectively, (ii) an increase in other interest income due to higher average cash balances, (iii) a decrease in general and administrative expenses primarily due to the settlement and defense of a class action lawsuit during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006, and (iv) a decrease in the effective income tax rate for the nine months ended January 31, 2007, primarily due to the recognition of a $669 income tax benefit that was previously recorded as an uncertain tax provision. This is partially offset by several factors, including (i) an increase in interest expense of $2,426 and $7,009 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, respectively, due to a 32% and 36% increase in the average debt outstanding and a 106 and 103 basis point increase in interest rates for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, respectively, (ii) a $1,414 and $2,893 increase in provision for credit losses, for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, respectively, primarily associated with the growth in the portfolio of Receivables Held for Investment and an associated increase in the allowance for credit losses, (iii) a $284 and $645 increase in salaries and benefits expense, for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, respectively, to support an increase in origination volume, staffing for the Company’s inbound call center which was moved from a third party provider during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2006, and the implementation of FASB 123(R) during the period, (iv) a $482 and $1,387 increase in operating costs, for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, respectively, associated with an increase in origination volume and a decrease in the dollar amount of expenses which the Company was able to capitalize as deferred acquisition costs and, (v) a $143 and $452 increase in other interest expense, for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, respectively, due to an increase in the average outstanding balance of the Company’s working capital facility. The increase in net interest income was partially offset by a reduction in the net interest spread created by effective yields on the portfolio of Receivables Held for Investment increasing at a slower pace than the cost of funds. The decline in net interest spread reduced net interest income by $453 and $2,834 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 as compared to the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006, respectively.
Interest Income. Interest income for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 increased to $14,553 and $40,258 compared to $10,332 and $28,744 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006.
The level of interest income, a primary driver of financial results, is impacted by the average outstanding balance of the portfolio of Receivables Held for Investment, the weighted average interest rate on receivables originated by the Company, the mix of direct and indirect lending activities and the level of early prepayments and charge-offs. Interest income on Receivables Held for Investment increased 41% and 40% for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 compared to the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. The increase in interest income for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 is primarily due to a 36% and 39% increase in the average portfolio outstanding for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 compared to the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006.
Interest Expense. Interest expense for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 increased to $6,364 and $17,383 compared to $3,938 and $10,374 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. Interest expense increased 62% and 68% for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007. The increase in interest expense is primarily due to (i) a $107,493 or 32% and $111,469, or 36%, increase in the average debt outstanding for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006 as a result of a 36% and 39% increase in the average portfolio of Receivables Held for Investment, (ii) an increase in overall market interest rates as a result of short-term market rate increases and (iii) the Company’s decision to lock in interest rates on $189,060 of debt in January 2006 through the issuance of term notes to minimize the risk of future interest rate increases, as longer term fixed rate term notes typically carry higher interest rates than shorter term floating rate debt. The combined effects of the increase in overall market interest rates and the decision to lock in a fixed interest rate on $189,060 of debt resulted in a 106 and 103 basis point
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increase in the average interest rate for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, as compared to the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006.
Provision for Credit Losses. The provision for credit losses for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 increased to $3,236 and $8,431 as compared to $1,821 and $5,538 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. The increase in provision for credit losses is primarily due to a 36% and 39% increase in the average portfolio outstanding for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. Provision for credit losses as a percentage of average Receivables Held for Investment on an annual basis increased to 2.9% and 2.7% for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, respectively, as compared to 2.2% and 2.4% for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006, respectively.
Net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 increased to $2,993 and $7,773 compared to $1,853 and $5,560 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. The increase in net charge-offs for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 is primarily due to a 36% and 39% increase in the average portfolio outstanding for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. This is partially offset by an increase in recoveries from defaulted loans. As a result, the allowance for loan loss as a percentage of the portfolio of Receivables Held for Investment decreased from 0.7% as of January 31, 2006 to 0.6% as of January 31, 2007. This compares to 0.6% as of April 30, 2006.
The level of provision for credit losses is a key driver of overall financial performance and should be positively impacted by improvement in general economic conditions, improvements in wholesale used car prices and lower delinquency rates and net losses projected for the portfolio of Receivables Held for Investment. Any additional economic deterioration or decline in wholesale used car prices will negatively impact provision expense to the extent that these events cause an increase in delinquency rates, bankruptcy rates or net charge-off rates in the portfolio of Receivables Held for Investment.
Servicing Revenue. On December 24, 2002, the Company entered into an agreement to provide loan servicing and collection activities on behalf of FARC. FARC, which is 40% owned by the Company, purchased a portfolio of approximately $200,000 of installment loan receivables. On March 19, 2003, the Company entered into an agreement to provide loan servicing and collection activities on $276,000 of installment loan receivables for unrelated third parties. Servicing revenue decreased to $377 and $1053 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 compared to $433 and $1,506 for three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. The decrease in servicing revenue for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 is due to the liquidation of serviced receivables during the periods. Revenue derived from servicing activities will increase or decrease in direct proportion to the average outstanding balance of serviced receivables.
Other Finance Charges and Fees. Other finance charges and fees increased to $876 and $2,435 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to $696 and $1,803 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. The increase is primarily attributable to (i) increased assessment and collection of fees due to a 36% and 39% increase in the average portfolio of Receivables Held for Investment and (ii) an increase in fees related to collection activities. Income derived from late fees and collection activities is recognized when received, and therefore can be potentially volatile from period to period based on overall cash collection, seasonality, delinquency rates and other factors. Late and loan related fees are driven by a number of factors including overall delinquency rates, the percentage of customers utilizing electronic payment products and growth rates in the Company’s direct lending business.
Insurance Products. Revenue from insurance products increased to $451 and $932 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to $226 and $780 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. The increase is attributable to (i) increased penetration rates and (ii) an 85% and 23% increase in originations for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 as compared to January 31, 2006. This is partially offset by the Company’s decision to stop selling extended warranties. Insurance products revenue is primarily driven by growth rates in the Company’s direct lending business, which will affect the ability of the Company to generate fee income from marketing insurance products.
Income from Investments. Income from investments increased to $163 and $418 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to $96 and $333 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006.
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The increase is primarily attributable to the increase in earnings in FARC, which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting for investments.
Other Interest Income. Other interest income increased to $482 and $1,342 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to $336 and $869 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. The increase is attributable to (i) an increase in the average cash on hand balance due to increased collections as a result of a 36% and 39% increase in the average portfolio of Receivables Held for Investment and (ii) an increase in overall market interest rates as a result of the current economic environment and market rate increases adopted by the Federal Reserve System.
Other Income. Other income decreased to $0 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to $183 and $569 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. The decrease is attributable to the cancellation of a marketing program with several dealerships.
Realized Loss on Interest Rate Derivative Positions. Realized loss on interest rate derivative positions decreased to $0 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to $195 and $175 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. The decrease is attributable to the Company’s elimination of the requirement to purchase interest rate caps under the FIARC credit facility. The Company had no purchases during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007.
Salaries and Benefit Expenses. Salaries and benefit expense increased to $2,984 and $8,548 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to $2,700 and $7,903 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. The increase is primarily due to (i) the Company implementing a call center that was previously outsourced, (ii) additional staffing levels necessary to support the increase in loan origination volume, and (iii) an additional $82 and $224 of expense for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, due to the implementation of SFAS 123(R)
Operating Expenses. Operating Expenses increased to $1,708 and $4,341 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to $1,226 and $2,954 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. Expenses characterized as operating expenses are generally variable in nature and are typically dependent on a number of factors including origination volume, the outstanding balance of the managed portfolio, credit quality and operating efficiency levels. The increase was primarily due to (i) an increase in postage and printing expense associated with the growth in the Company’s direct originations, (ii) an increase in other loan origination costs including credit bureau and verification fees associated with the increase in total origination volume, (iii) increased repossession and collection related costs, and (iv) a decrease in the dollar amount of expenses which the Company was able to capitalize as deferred acquisition costs. These were partially offset by (i) lower temporary help and third party fees associated with completion of the Company’s inbound call center location which had previously been outsourced and (ii) lower marketing commissions.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses decreased to $979 and $2,978 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to $1,655 and $3,668 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. The decrease is primarily attributable to the settlement of a class action lawsuit and the related legal expenses associated with the defense of that lawsuit during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2006. General and administrative costs tend to be more fixed in nature and not as dependent on the overall level of managed receivables.
Other Interest Expense. Other interest expense increased to $500 and $1,374 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to $357 and $922 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. The increase was due to (i) a 54% and 58% increase in the average outstanding borrowings on the Company’s working capital line for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 compared to the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006, and (ii) an increase in overall market interest rates as a result of short-term rate increases adopted by the Federal Reserve System.
Provision for Income Taxes. Provision for income taxes decreased to $531 for the nine months ended January 31, 2007, compared to $1,062 for the nine months ended January 31, 2006. The decrease is primarily due to the recognition of $669 related to an uncertain tax provision that was previously classified as a liability.
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Portfolio Characteristics
General. In selecting receivables for inclusion in its portfolio, the Company seeks to identify potential borrowers whom it regards as creditworthy despite credit histories that limit their access to traditional sources of consumer credit. In addition to personal credit qualifications, the Company attempts to assure that the characteristics of the automobile sold and the terms of the sale are likely to result in a consistently performing receivable. These considerations include amount financed, monthly payments required, duration of the loan, age of the automobile, mileage on the automobile and other factors.
Customer Profile. The Company’s primary goal in credit evaluation is to make loans to customers having stable personal situations, predictable incomes and the ability and inclination to perform their obligations in a timely manner. Many of the Company’s customers are persons who have experienced credit difficulties in the past by reason of illness, divorce, job loss, reduction in pay or other adversities, but who appear to the Company to have the capability and commitment to meet their obligations. Through its credit evaluation process, the Company seeks to distinguish these persons from those applicants who are chronically poor credit risks.
Credit Evaluation
General. In connection with the origination of a receivable by the Company, the Company follows systematic procedures designed to reduce unacceptable risks. This involves a three-step process in which (i) the creditworthiness of the borrower and the terms of the proposed transaction are evaluated and either approved, declined or modified by the Company’s credit verification department, (ii) the loan documentation and collateralization is reviewed by the Company’s funding department, and (iii) additional collateral verification procedures and customer interviews are conducted by the Company. During the course of this process, the Company’s credit verification and funding personnel coordinate closely with the finance and insurance departments of the dealers or with individuals to whom the Company lends directly. The Company has developed financing programs under which it approves loans that vary in pricing and loan terms depending on the relative credit risk determined for each loan. Credit or default risk is evaluated by the Company’s loan officers in conjunction with a proprietary, empirical credit scoring model developed from the Company’s 17 year database of non-prime lending results.
In addition to this credit underwriting process, and prior to the origination of a receivable by the Company, the Company performs additional procedures to validate the details of the credit application, including income and/or employment information, to verify that the collateral is insured, and to confirm that the material terms of the sale conform to the purchaser’s understanding of the transaction. The Company will originate a receivable only after receipt and review of a satisfactory audit report.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources and Uses of Cash Flows. The Company’s business requires significant cash flow to support its operating activities. The principal cash requirements include (i) amounts necessary to acquire receivables from dealers and fund required reserve accounts, (ii) amounts necessary to fund premiums for credit enhancement insurance or other credit enhancement required by the Company’s financing programs, and (iii) amounts necessary to fund costs to retain receivables, primarily interest expense. The Company also requires a significant amount of cash flow for working capital to fund fixed operating expenses, primarily salaries and benefits.
The Company’s most significant cash flow requirement is for the origination of receivables. The Company originated $88,594 and $240,802 of Receivables Held for Investment for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 compared to $41,604 and $189,945 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006.
The Company funds loan originations through a combination of two warehouse credit facilities. The FIRC credit facility generally permits the Company to borrow up to the outstanding principal balance of qualified receivables, not to exceed $50,000. Receivables that have accumulated in the FIRC credit facility may be transferred to the FIARC commercial paper facility at the option of the Company. The FIARC commercial paper facility provides an additional financing source of up to $300,000. Additionally, the Company has transferred receivables from the warehouse credit facilities and issued term notes. Substantially all of the Company’s
27
receivables are pledged to collateralize these credit facilities and term notes. The Company is obligated to meet certain financial covenants. Noncompliance may significantly affect cash flow.
The Company’s most significant source of cash flow is the principal and interest payments received from its receivables portfolios. The Company received such payments in the amount of $53,101 and $157,893 during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, and $34,654 and $110,529 during the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006. Such cash flow funds were used to repay amounts borrowed under the Company’s credit facilities and other holding costs, primarily interest expense, and servicing and custodial fees. During the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007, the Company required net cash of $35,493 and $82,909 as compared to $6,950 and $79,416 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006, as the receivables originated exceeded portfolio collections. The Company relies on borrowed funds to provide cash flow in periods of growth. As of January 31, 2007, the Company had $96,624 of available capacity in the FIRC and FIARC credit facilities to fund future growth.
In addition to the cash flow generated from the principal and interest collections on its receivables portfolio, the Company collects servicing fees funded from each of the servicing portfolios. Servicing fees range from 1.4% to 2.5% of the outstanding principal balance of the loans in the portfolio. Cash flow and servicing fees are received after month end, but relate to the prior month activity. Thus upon filing of the monthly servicing statements, a portion of the restricted cash is converted to cash available to fund operations. At January 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company’s unencumbered cash was $1,760 and $4,173, respectively. The decrease in available cash is primarily due to an increase in operating expenses due to the Company’s continued growth. This is partially offset by an increase in revenues due to a 36% and 39% increase in the average portfolio of Receivables Held for Investment for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007. Management believes the unencumbered cash and cash inflows and amounts available under the working capital facility are adequate to fund cash requirements for operations.
Capitalization. The Company expects to rely primarily on its credit facilities and the issuance of secured term notes to acquire and retain receivables. The Company believes its existing credit facilities have adequate capacity to fund the increase of the receivables portfolio expected in the foreseeable future. While the Company has no reason to believe that these facilities will not continue to be available, their termination could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations if substitute financing on comparable terms was not obtained.
Financing Arrangements. The Company finances its loan origination through two warehouse credit facilities. The Company’s credit facilities provide for one-year terms and have been renewed annually. Management of the Company believes that the credit facilities will continue to be renewed or extended or that it would be able to secure alternate financing on satisfactory terms; however, there can be no assurance that it will be able to do so. In November 2003, the Company issued $139,661 of asset-backed notes (“Term Notes”) secured by a discrete pool of receivables. In May 2005, the Company issued $175,493 in Term Notes secured by a discrete pool of receivables. In January 2006, the Company issued $189,060 in Term Notes secured by a discrete pool of receivables. Substantially all receivables retained by the Company are pledged as collateral for the credit facilities and the Term Notes. The weighted average interest rate for the Company’s secured borrowings, including the effect of program fees and dealer fees, was 4.4% and 5.2% for the periods ended January 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
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Warehouse Facilities as of January 31, 2007
Facility | | Capacity | | Outstanding | | Interest Rate | | Fees | | Insurance | | Borrowing Rate At January 31, 2007 | |
FIARC | | $ | 300,000 | | $ | 210,865 | | Commercial paper rate plus .3% | | .30% of Unused Facility | | None | | 5.3 | % |
FIRC | | $ | 50,000 | | $ | 42,511 | | Option of a) Base Rate, which is the higher of prime rate or fed funds plus .5% or b) LIBOR plus .5% | | .25% of Unused Facility | | See below | | 5.8 | % |
Warehouse Facilities — Credit Enhancement as of January 31, 2007
Facility | | Cash Reserve | | Advance Rate | | Insurance | |
FIARC | | 1% of outstanding receivables | | 94 | % | None | |
FIRC | | 1% of borrowings | | 100 | % | Default Insurance (ALPI) | |
FIRC - In order to obtain a lower cost of funding, the Company has agreed to maintain credit enhancement insurance covering the receivables pledged as collateral under the FIRC credit facility. The facility lenders, collectively, are named as additional insureds under this policy. The coverage is obtained on each receivable at the time it is purchased by the Company and the applicable premiums are prepaid for the life of the receivable. The insurance enhancing this facility is default insurance under a standard auto loan protection policy (known as “ALPI” insurance) which covers the difference between the outstanding balance of a receivable and the liquidation proceeds in the event the underlying collateral is repossessed. Solely at its expense, the Company carries this coverage. Neither the vehicle purchasers nor the dealers are charged for the coverage and they are unaware of its existence. The Company’s ALPI insurance policy is written by National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh (“National Union”), which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of American International Group.
The premiums that the Company paid during the three months and nine months ended January 31, 2007 for its credit enhancement insurance coverages, of which the largest component is basic ALPI insurance, represented approximately 0.4% and 1.2%, respectively, of the principal amount of the receivables originated during the periods. Aggregate premiums paid for ALPI coverage alone were $585 and $359 during the three months ended, and $3,769 and $2,211 during the nine months ended, January 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, and accounted for 1.2% and 0.4% during the three months ended, and 1.6% and 0.9% for the nine months ended, January 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, of the principal amount of the receivables originated during such periods.
In April 1994, the Company organized First Investors Insurance Company (the “Insurance Subsidiary”) under the captive insurance company laws of the State of Vermont. The Insurance Subsidiary is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and is a party to a reinsurance agreement whereby the Insurance Subsidiary reinsures 100% of the risk under the Company’s ALPI insurance policy. At the time each receivable is insured by National Union, the risk is automatically reinsured to its full extent and approximately 96% of the premium paid by the Company to National Union with respect to such receivable is ceded to the Insurance Subsidiary. When a loss covered by the ALPI policy occurs, National Union pays it after the claim is processed, and National Union is then reimbursed in full by the Insurance Subsidiary. In addition to the monthly premiums and liquidity reserves of the Insurance Subsidiary, a trust account is maintained by National Union to secure the Insurance Subsidiary’s obligations for losses it has reinsured.
The result of the foregoing reinsurance structure is that National Union, as the “fronting” insurer under the captive arrangement, is unconditionally obligated to the Company’s credit facility lenders for all losses covered by the ALPI policy, and the Company, through its Insurance Subsidiary, is obligated to indemnify National Union for
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all such losses. As of January 31, 2007, the Insurance Subsidiary had capital and surplus of $2,270 and unencumbered cash reserves of $621 in addition to the $3,297 trust account.
The ALPI coverage, as well as the Insurance Subsidiary’s liability under the Reinsurance Agreement, remains in effect for each receivable that is pledged as collateral under the warehouse credit facility. Once receivables are transferred from FIRC to FIARC and financed under the commercial paper facility, ALPI coverage and the Insurance Subsidiary’s liability under the Reinsurance Agreement is cancelled with respect to the transferred receivables. Any unearned premium associated with the transferred receivables is returned to the Company. The Company believes the losses its Insurance Subsidiary will be required to indemnify will be less than the premiums ceded to it. However, there can be no assurance that losses will not exceed the premiums ceded and the capital and surplus of the Insurance Subsidiary.
FIARC — Credit enhancement for the FIARC warehouse facility is provided to the commercial paper investors by a 6% overcollaterization and a cash reserve account equal to 1% of the receivables held by FIARC. The Company is not a guarantor of, or otherwise a party to, such commercial paper.
Warehouse Facilities — Agents and Expirations
Facility | | Agent | | Expiration | | Event if not Renewed | |
FIARC | | Wachovia | | February 13, 2008 | | Receivables pledged would be allowed to amortize; however, no new receivables would be allowed to transfer from the FIRC facility. | |
FIRC | | Wachovia | | February 13, 2008 | | The loan would convert to a term loan which would mature six months thereafter and amortize monthly in accordance with the borrowing base with the remaining balance due at maturity. | |
On February 15, 2006, the FIRC facility was renewed, under similar terms and conditions, at the $50,000 commitment level until February 13, 2007. On February 14, 2007, the FIRC facility was extended to its current maturity date of February 13, 2008. As of April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007, there was $47,080 and $42,511, respectively, outstanding.
On March 15, 2006, following a short-term extension of the then current maturity date, the FIARC facility was renewed to February 14, 2007. In connection with the renewal, the Company obtained approval from the lender to eliminate the requirement that a surety bond be maintained to provide additional enhancement to the commercial paper investors as well as eliminating the requirement to purchase interest rate caps. As a result, the 0.35% surety bond premium and the 0.25% unused surety bond premium were eliminated. In exchange, the Company agreed to increase the program fee paid to the lender from 0.30% to 0.55% and to increase the unused fee paid to the lender from 0.25% to 0.30%. On October 11, 2006, the Company amended the facility to increase the commitment from $150,000 to $300,000 in order to fund the growth in origination volume. On February 14, 2007, the maturity date of the FIARC facility was extended to its current maturity date of February 13, 2008. As of April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007, there was $0 and $210,865, respectively, outstanding.
Management presently intends to seek further extensions to these warehouse facilities prior to the current expiration dates. Management considers its relationship with its lenders to be satisfactory and has no reason to believe that the FIRC and FIARC facilities will not be renewed at each of their respective expiration dates.
The following table contains pertinent information on the Term Notes as of January 31, 2007.
Term Notes | | Issuance Date | | Issuance Amount | | Maturity Date | | Outstanding | | Interest Rate | |
2003-A | | November 11, 2003 | | $ | 139,661 | | April 20, 2011 | | $ | 22,180 | | 2.58 | % |
2005-A Class 2 | | May 5, 2005 | | $ | 106,493 | | July 16, 2012 | | $ | 68,855 | | 4.23 | % |
2006-A Class 2 | | January 26, 2006 | | $ | 47,000 | | March 16, 2009 | | $ | 14,058 | | 4.87 | % |
2006-A Class 3 | | January 26, 2006 | | $ | 74,000 | | February 15, 2011 | | $ | 74,000 | | 4.93 | % |
2006-A Class 4 | | January 26, 2006 | | $ | 36,060 | | April 15, 2013 | | $ | 36,060 | | 5.00 | % |
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Credit enhancement on the Term Notes are as follows:
Facility | | Cash Reserve | | Advance Rate | | Insurance |
2003-A | | 0.5% of Initial Pool Balance, increasing to 2% of Initial Pool Balance including Pre-Funding Amount | | 96.5% initial advance, decreasing to 96.1% | | Surety Bond |
2005-A | | 1.0% of Initial Pool Balance, increasing to 2% of Initial Pool Balance including Pre-Funding Amount | | 97.0% initial advance, decreasing to 95.75% | | Surety Bond |
2006-A | | 1.0% of Initial Pool Balance, increasing to 2% of Initial Pool Balance including Pre-Funding Amount | | 98.5% initial advance, decreasing to 96.75% | | Surety Bond |
Term Notes - On November 20, 2003, the Company, through its indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary, First Investors Auto Owner Trust 2003-A (“2003 Auto Trust”), completed the issuance of $139,661 of 2.58% Class A asset-backed notes (“2003-A Term Notes”). The initial pool of automobile receivables transferred to the 2003 Auto Trust totaled $114,727, which was previously owned by FIRC and FIARC, secure the 2003-A Term Notes. In addition to the issuance of the Class A Notes, the 2003 Auto Trust also issued a $5,066 Class B Note that was retained by the Company and pledged to secure the Working Capital Facility as further described below. Proceeds from the issuance, which totaled $139,657, were used to (i) fund a $30,000 pre-funding account to be used for future loan originations, (ii) repay all outstanding borrowings under the FIARC commercial paper facility, (iii) reduce the outstanding borrowings under the FIRC credit facility, (iv) pay transaction fees related to the 2003-A Term Note issuance, and (v) fund an initial cash reserve account of 0.5%, or $574, of the initial receivables pledged. The Class A Term Notes bear interest at 2.58% and require monthly principal reductions sufficient to reduce the balance of the Class A Term Notes to 96.1% of the outstanding balance of the underlying receivables pool. The final maturity of the 2003-A Term Notes is April 20, 2011. The Class B Note does not bear interest but requires principal reductions sufficient to reduce the balance of the Class B Note to 3.9% of the outstanding balance of the underlying receivables pool. A surety bond issued by MBIA Insurance Corporation provides credit enhancement for the Class A Notes. In the event that certain asset quality covenants are not met, the reserve account target level will increase to 6% of the then current principal balance of the receivables pool. As of April 30, 2006, and January 31, 2007, the outstanding principal balances on the 2003-A Term Notes were $37,715 and $22,180, respectively.
On May 5, 2005, the Company, through its indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary, First Investors Auto Owner Trust 2005-A (“2005 Auto Trust”), completed the issuance of $69,000 of 3.57% Class A-1 asset-backed notes and $106,493 of 4.23% Class A-2 asset-backed notes (collectively “2005-A Term Notes”), for a total of $175,493 of asset backed notes. The initial pool of automobile receivables transferred to the 2005 Auto Trust totaled $150,921, was previously owned by FIRC and FIARC, and secures the 2005-A Term Notes. In addition to the issuance of the Class A-1 and Class A-2 Notes, the 2005 Auto Trust also issued a $5,428 Class B Note that was retained by the Company and pledged to secure the Working Capital Facility as further described below. Proceeds from the issuance, which totaled $175,488, were used to (i) fund a $30,000 pre-funding account to be used for future loan originations, (ii) repay all outstanding borrowings under the FIARC commercial paper facility, (iii) reduce the outstanding borrowings under the FIRC credit facility, (iv) pay transaction fees related to the 2005-A Term Note issuance, and (v) fund an initial cash reserve account of 1%, or $1,509, of the initial receivables pledged. The Class A-1 and Class A-2 Term Notes bear interest at 3.57% and 4.23%, respectively, and require monthly principal reductions sufficient to reduce the balance of the Class A Term Notes to 95.75% of the outstanding balance of the underlying receivables pool. The Class A-1 Notes were paid off during the fiscal year ended April 30, 2006. The final maturity of the Class A-2 Term Notes is July 16, 2012. The Class B Note does not bear interest but requires principal reductions sufficient to reduce the balance of the Class B Note to 4.25% of the outstanding balance of the underlying receivables pool. A surety bond issued by MBIA Insurance Corporation
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provides credit enhancement for the Class A Notes. In the event that certain asset quality covenants are not met, the reserve account target level will increase to 2% of the then current principal balance of the receivables pool. As of April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007, the outstanding principal balances on the 2005-A Term Notes were $106,162 and $68,855, respectively.
On January 26, 2006, the Company, through its indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary, First Investors Auto Owner Trust 2006-A (“2006 Auto Trust”), completed the issuance of $32,000 of 4.57% Class A-1 asset-backed notes, $47,000 of 4.87% Class A-2 asset-backed notes, $74,000 of 4.93% Class A-3 asset-backed notes, and $36,060 of 5.00% Class A-4 asset-backed notes (collectively “2006-A Term Notes”), for a total of $189,060 of asset backed notes. The initial pool of automobile receivables transferred to the 2006 Auto Trust totaled $151,939, was previously owned by FIRC and FIARC, and secures the 2006-A Term Notes. In addition to the issuance of the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, and Class A-4 Notes, the 2006 Auto Trust also issued a $2,879 Class B Note that was retained by the Company and pledged to secure the Working Capital Facility as further described below. Proceeds from the issuance, which totaled $188,446, were used to (i) fund a $40,000 pre-funding account to be used for future loan originations, (ii) repay all outstanding borrowings under the FIARC commercial paper facility, (iii) reduce the outstanding borrowings under the FIRC credit facility, (iv) pay transaction fees related to the 2006-A Term Note issuance, and (v) fund an initial cash reserve account of 1% or $1,519 of the initial receivables pledged. The 2006-A Term Notes require monthly principal reductions sufficient to reduce the balance of the notes to 96.75% of the outstanding balance of the underlying receivables pool. The Class A-1 notes were paid off during the quarter ended July 31, 2006. The final maturities of the Class A-2, Class A-3, and Class A-4 Term Notes are March 16, 2009, February 15, 2011, and April 15, 2013, respectively. The Class B Note does not bear interest but requires principal reductions sufficient to reduce the balance of the Class B Note to 3.25% of the outstanding balance of the underlying receivables pool. A surety bond issued by MBIA Insurance Corporation provides credit enhancement for the Class A Notes. In the event that certain asset quality covenants are not met, the reserve account target level will increase to the greater of 2% of the initial pool balance or 6% of the then current principal balance of the receivables pool. As of April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007, the outstanding principal balances on the 2006-A Class A Term Notes were $172,708 and $124,118, respectively.
Working Capital Facility. The facility is provided to a special-purpose, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, First Investors Residual Funding LP. This facility revolves monthly in accordance with a borrowing base consisting of the overcollateralization amount and reserve account for each of the Company’s other credit facilities. The facility is secured solely by the residual cash flow and cash reserve accounts related to the Company’s warehouse credit facilities and the existing and future term note facilities. The outstanding borrowings under the facility bear interest at one-month LIBOR plus 2.25%. In addition, a commitment fee of 1.5% is paid on the total amount of this facility. On October 26, 2004, the Working Capital Facility was extended until October 10, 2005, increasing the commitment amount from $9,000 to $13,500. The interest rate remained at LIBOR plus 2.25% and the commitment fee paid on the total available amount of the facility was maintained at 1.5%. On August 15, 2005, the Working Capital Facility was extended until February 15, 2006, increasing the commitment amount to $23,500, and was subsequently extended on February 15, 2006 until February 14, 2007. The interest rate remained at LIBOR plus 2.25% and the commitment fee paid on the total available amount of the facility was maintained at 1.5%. On November 7, 2006, the Company amended the facility to increase the commitment amount from $23,500 to $28,500. On February 14, 2007, the working capital facility was extended to its current maturity date of February 13, 2008, under similar terms and conditions. As of April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007, there was $16,454 and $24,283, respectively, outstanding under this facility.
The Company presently intends to seek a renewal of the working capital facility from its lender prior to maturity. Should the facility not be renewed, the outstanding balance of the receivables would be amortized in accordance with the borrowing base. Management considers its relationship with its lenders to be satisfactory and has no reason to believe that this credit facility will not be renewed. If the facility is not renewed, however, or if material changes are made to its terms and conditions, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
Related Party Loans. On December 3, 2001, the Company entered into an agreement with one of its shareholders who is a member of its Board of Directors under which the Company may, from time to time, borrow up to $2,500. On December 6, 2004, the original $2,500 shareholder loan was replaced with a $2,500 loan containing identical terms and conditions between the Company and a limited partnership that is affiliated with a current shareholder and member of the Board of Directors The proceeds of the borrowings have been utilized to fund certain private and open market purchases of the Company’s common stock pursuant to a Stock Repurchase
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Plan authorized by the Board of Directors and for general corporate purposes. Borrowings under the facility bear interest at a fixed rate of 10% per annum. The facility is unsecured and expressly subordinated to the Company’s senior credit facilities. The facility matures on December 3, 2008 but may be repaid at any time unless the Company is in default on one of its other credit facilities. There was $2,500 outstanding under this facility as of April 30, 2006 and January 31, 2007. For the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006 and January 31, 2007, the Company recorded interest expense under these facilities of $63 and $189, respectively.
Loan Covenants. The documentation governing these credit facilities and Term Notes contains numerous covenants relating to the Company’s business, the maintenance of credit enhancement insurance covering the receivables (if applicable), the observance of certain financial covenants, the avoidance of certain levels of delinquency experience and other matters. The breach of these covenants, if not cured within the time limits specified, could precipitate events of default that might result in the acceleration of the FIRC credit facility, the Term Notes and the working capital facility or the termination of the commercial paper facilities. The Company was not in default with respect to any financial and non-financial covenants governing these financing arrangements at January 31, 2007.
Interest Rate Management. The Company’s warehouse credit facilities and working capital facilities bear interest at floating interest rates which are reset on a short-term basis while the secured Term Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of interest. The Company’s receivables bear interest at fixed rates that do not generally vary with a change in market interest rates. Since a primary contributor to the Company’s profitability is its ability to manage its net interest spread, the Company seeks to maximize the net interest spread while minimizing exposure to changes in interest rates. In connection with managing the net interest spread, the Company may periodically enter into interest rate swaps or caps to minimize the effects of market interest rate fluctuations on the net interest spread. To the extent that the Company has outstanding floating rate borrowings or has elected to convert a portion of its borrowings from fixed rates to floating rates, the Company will be exposed to fluctuations in short-term interest rates.
On July 18, 2005, as a requirement of the FIARC commercial paper facility, the Company entered into an interest rate cap transaction, with a strike rate of 6%. The aggregate initial notional amount of the cap was $18,804 which amortizes over six years. The Company paid $59 in premium to purchase this cap. The interest rate cap was not designated as a hedge, and accordingly, changes in the fair value of the interest rate caps were recorded as an unrealized loss and are reflected in net income. During the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006, the Company recorded realized losses of $195 and $175, respectively, that are included as a separate line under other income. This requirement was eliminated as part of the facility’s renewal.
Delinquency and Credit Loss Experience
The Company’s results of operations, financial condition and liquidity may be adversely affected by nonperforming receivables. The Company seeks to manage its risk of credit loss through (i) prudent credit evaluations, (ii) risk management activities, (iii) effective collection procedures, and (iv) by maximizing recoveries on defaulted loans. The allowance for credit losses of $2,990 as of January 31, 2007, and $2,332 as of April 30, 2006, as a percentage of Receivables Held for Investment of $470,545 as of January 31, 2007, and $368,878 as of April 30, 2006, was 0.6%.
The Company considers a loan to be delinquent when the borrower fails to make a scheduled payment of principal and interest. Accrual of interest is suspended when the payment from the borrower is over 90 days past due. Generally, repossession procedures are initiated 60 to 90 days after the payment default.
The Company retains the credit risk associated with the receivables originated. The Company purchases credit enhancement insurance from third party insurers which covers the risk of loss upon default and certain other risks. The Company established a captive insurance subsidiary to reinsure certain risks under the credit enhancement insurance coverage for all receivables. In addition, receivables financed under the Auto Trust and FIARC commercial paper facilities do not carry default insurance. Provisions for credit losses of $3,236 and $8,431 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2007 compared to $1,821 and $5,538 for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2006 have been recorded.
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The Company calculates the allowance for credit losses in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies. SFAS No. 114, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan does not apply to loans currently held by the Company because they are comprised of a large group of smaller balance homogenous loans that are evaluated collectively for impairment.
The Company applies a systematic methodology in order to determine the amount of the allowance for credit losses. The specific methodology is a six-month migration analysis whereby the Company compares the aging status of each loan on a date which is six months prior to the reporting date, to the aging loan status as of the reporting date. These factors are then applied to the aging status of each loan at the reporting date in order to calculate the number of loans that are expected to migrate to impaired status. The estimated number of impairments is then multiplied by the estimated loss per loan, which is based on historical information. Effective the quarter ended April 30, 2005, the Company elected to increase its allowance for loan losses against loans that were greater than 120 days past due and loans in which the collateral had been assigned for repossession but had not yet been repossessed as of the reporting date. The Company believes that this increase is warranted in light of the change in federal bankruptcy laws enacted during the period and the recognition that the migration trends of severely delinquent loans and loans subject to bankruptcy are expected to become more protracted. Based on this, the Company has assigned a specific allowance against these loans equal to the outstanding balance of loans in these categories less the estimated recovery amount based on current data regarding liquidation of the collateral and collection of any additional payments. The Company utilized its most recent recovery rates in order to assess fair value of these loans. For loans that are not classified into these categories, the historical migration pattern is utilized in order to establish the estimated impairment. The allowance for credit losses is based on estimates and qualitative evaluations. Ultimate losses may vary from current estimates. These estimates are reviewed periodically and as adjustments, either positive or negative, become necessary, they are reported in earnings in the period they become known.
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the Company’s delinquency and charge-off experience over the nine month periods indicated (dollars in thousands):
| | For the Nine Months Ended January 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | Number | | | | Number | | | |
| | of Loans | | Amount | | of Loans | | Amount | |
Receivables Held for Investment: | | | | | | | | | |
Delinquent amount outstanding (1): | | | | | | | | | |
30 - 59 days | | 89 | | $ | 791 | | 95 | | $ | 1,033 | |
60 - 89 days | | 34 | | 288 | | 57 | | 451 | |
90 days or more | | 54 | | 340 | | 64 | | 628 | |
Total delinquencies | | 177 | | $ | 1,419 | | 216 | | 2,112 | |
Total delinquencies as a percentage of outstanding receivables. | | 0.8 | % | 0.4 | % | 0.8 | % | 0.4 | % |
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average receivables outstanding during the period (2) | | | | 2.5 | % | | | 2.5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) Delinquent amounts outstanding do not include loans in bankruptcy status since collection activity is limited and highly regulated for bankrupt accounts.
(2) The percentages have been annualized and are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year.
As of January 31, 2007, there were 271 accounts totaling $3,400 that were in bankruptcy status and were more than 30 days past due. As of January 31, 2006, there were 298 accounts totaling $3,348 that were in bankruptcy status and were more than 30 days past due. As of January 31, 2007 and 2006, 91% and 80% of the bankruptcy delinquencies filed for protection under Chapter 13.
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New Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (“FIN 48”), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income tax positions. This Interpretation requires that the Company recognize in its financial statements the impact of a tax position if that position is more likely than not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. The provisions of FIN 48 are effective for the Company on May 1, 2007, with the cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle, if any, recorded as an adjustment to opening retained earnings. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting FIN 48 on its financial position, cash flows, and results of operations.
In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments—an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140 (“SFAS 155”). This statement amends SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (“SFAS 133”), and SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities and resolves issues addressed in SFAS 133 Implementation Issue No. D1, “Application of Statement 133 to Beneficial Interest in Securitized Financial Assets”. This Statement: (a) permits fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument that contains an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation; (b) clarifies which interest-only strips and principal-only strips are not subject to the requirements of SFAS 133; (c) establishes a requirement to evaluate beneficial interests in securitized financial assets to identify interests that are freestanding derivatives or that are hybrid financial instruments that contain an embedded derivative requiring bifurcation; (d) clarifies that concentrations of credit risk in the form of subordination are not embedded derivatives; and, (e) eliminates restrictions on a qualifying special-purpose entity’s ability to hold passive derivative financial instruments that pertain to beneficial interests that are or contain a derivative financial instrument. The standard also requires presentation within the financial statements that identifies those hybrid financial instruments for which the fair value election has been applied and information on the income statement impact of the changes in fair value of those instruments. The Company is required to apply SFAS 155 to all financial instruments acquired, issued or subject to a remeasurement event beginning May 1, 2007 although early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an entity’s fiscal year. The provisions of SFAS 155 are not expected to have a financial statement impact at adoption; however, the standard could affect the future income recognition for securitized financial assets because there may be more embedded derivatives identified with changes in fair value recognized in net income.
In March 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 156, Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets — an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140 (“SFAS 156”). SFAS 156 requires an entity to recognize a servicing asset or servicing liability each time it undertakes an obligation to service a financial asset by entering into a servicing contract in specific situations. Additionally, the servicing asset or servicing liability shall be initially measured at fair value, if practicable. SFAS 156 permits an entity to choose either the amortization method or fair value measurement method for subsequent measurement of the servicing asset or servicing liability. SFAS 156 is effective for the fiscal year ending April 30, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SFAS 156 on its financial position, cash flows, and results of operations; however it is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In September 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements (“SAB 108”). SAB 108 provides interpretive guidance on how the effects of the carryover or reversal of prior year misstatements should be considered in quantifying a current year misstatement. Under this bulletin, registrants should quantify errors using both a balance sheet and an income statement approach and evaluate whether either approach results in quantifying a misstatement that, when all relevant quantitative and qualitative factors are considered, is material. SAB 108 is effective for the fiscal year ending April 30, 2007. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting SAB 108 on its financial position, cash flows, and results of operations.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The market risk discussion and the estimated amounts generated from the analysis that follows are forward-looking statements of market risk assuming certain adverse market conditions occur. Actual results in the future may differ materially due to changes in the Company’s product and debt mix, developments in the financial markets, and further utilization by the company of risk-mitigating strategies such as hedging.
The Company’s operating revenues are derived almost entirely from the collection of interest on the receivables it retains and its primary expense is the interest that it pays on borrowings incurred to purchase and retain such receivables. The Company’s credit facilities bear interest at floating rates which are reset on a short-term basis, whereas its receivables bear interest at fixed rates which do not generally vary with changes in interest rates. The Company is therefore exposed primarily to market risks associated with movements in interest rates on its credit facilities. The Company believes that it takes the necessary steps to appropriately reduce the potential impact of interest rate increases on the Company’s financial position and operating performance.
The Company relies almost exclusively on revolving credit facilities to fund its origination of receivables. Periodically, the Company will transfer receivables from a revolving to a term credit facility. Currently all of the Company’s credit facilities in bear interest at floating rates tied to either a commercial paper index or LIBOR.
As of January 31, 2007, the Company had $277,659 of floating rate secured debt outstanding under the FIRC and FIARC warehouses and working capital facility. For every 1% increase in LIBOR annual after-tax earnings would decrease by approximately $1,791 assuming the Company maintains a level amount of floating rate debt and assuming an immediate increase in rates. As of January 31, 2006, the Company had $36,811 of floating rate secured debt outstanding net of swap and cap agreements. For every 1% increase in commercial paper rates or LIBOR, annual after-tax earnings would decrease by approximately $234 assuming the Company maintains a level amount of floating rate debt and assuming an immediate increase in rates.
Forward Looking Information
Statements and financial discussion and analysis included in this report that are not historical are considered to be forward-looking in nature. Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from anticipated results. Specific factors that could cause such differences include unexpected fluctuations in market interest rates, changes in economic conditions, changes in the competition for loans, or the inability to renew or obtain financing. Further information concerning risks and uncertainties is included in this report and the company’s other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Company believes the factors discussed in its reports are important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward looking statement made herein or elsewhere by the Company or on its behalf. The factors listed are not necessarily all of the important factors. Unpredictable or unknown factors not discussed could also have material adverse effects on actual results. The Company does not intend to update its description of important factors each time a potential important factor arises. The Company advises its stockholders that they should: (1) be aware that important factors not described herein could affect the accuracy of our forward looking statements, and (2) use caution and common sense when analyzing our forward looking statements in this document or elsewhere. All of such forward looking statements are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
In accordance with Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of January 31, 2007 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.
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There has been no change in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended January 31, 2007 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) Exhibits
31.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| | |
31.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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32.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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32.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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| | Filed with this 10-Q |
_____________________
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
Form 8-K filed December 6, 2006, press release announcing the quarter end October 31, 2006 financial results.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| | First Investors Financial Services Group, Inc. |
| | (Registrant) |
| | |
| | |
Date: March 14, 2007 | | By: /s/TOMMY A. MOORE, JR. |
| | Tommy A. Moore, Jr. |
| | President and Chief Executive Officer |
| | |
| | |
Date: March 14, 2007 | | By: /s/BENNIE H. DUCK |
| | Bennie H. Duck |
| | Secretary, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer |
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