Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | B. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Fiscal Year The Company’s fiscal year is a fifty-two fifty-two fifty-two Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents at December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017 included cash on-hand The Company has restricted cash associated with a term note agreement with Bank of America that was required by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to fund economic development at the Company’s Pennsylvania Brewery. The restricted cash subject to this agreement amounted to $278,000 and $340,000 at December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017, respectively, and is included in other assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company’s accounts receivable primarily consist of trade receivables. The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts that is based on historical trends, customer knowledge, any known disputes, and the aging of the accounts receivable balances combined with management’s estimate of future potential recoverability. Receivables are written off against the allowance after all attempts to collect a receivable have failed. The Company believes its allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017 are adequate, but actual write-offs could exceed the recorded allowance. Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company places its cash equivalents with high credit quality financial institutions. As of December 29, 2018, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were invested in investment-grade, highly-liquid U.S. government agency corporate money market accounts. The Company sells primarily to a network of independent wholesalers in the United States and to a network of foreign wholesalers, importers or other agencies (collectively referred to as “Distributors”). In 2018, 2017 and 2016, sales to foreign Distributors were approximately 4% of total sales. Receivables arising from these sales are not collateralized; however, credit risk is minimized as a result of the large and diverse nature of the Company’s customer base. There were no individual customer accounts receivable balances outstanding at December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017 that were in excess of 10% of the gross accounts receivable balance on those dates. No individual customers represented more than 10% of the Company’s revenues during fiscal years 2018, 2017, or 2016. Financial Instruments and Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company’s primary financial instruments consisted of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses at December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017. The Company determines the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Inventories and Provision for Excess or Expired Inventory Inventories consist of raw materials, work in process and finished goods. Raw materials, which principally consist of hops, malt, apple juice, other brewing materials and packaging, are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out on-hand The provisions for excess or expired inventory are based on management’s estimates of forecasted usage of inventories on hand and under contract. Forecasting usage involves significant judgments regarding future demand for the Company’s various existing products and products under development as well as the potency and shelf-life of various ingredients. A significant change in the timing or level of demand for certain products as compared to forecasted amounts may result in recording additional provisions for excess or expired inventory in the future. Provisions for excess inventory are included in cost of goods sold and have historically been adequate to provide for losses on its inventory. Provision for excess or expired inventory included in cost of goods sold was $4.2 million, $5.8 million, and $4.5 million in fiscal years 2018, 2017, and 2016 respectively. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Major renewals and betterments that extend the life of the property are capitalized. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method based upon the estimated useful lives of the underlying assets as follows: Kegs 5 years Computer software and equipment 2 to 5 years Office equipment and furniture 3 to 7 years Machinery and plant equipment 3 to 20 years, or the term of the production agreement, whichever is shorter Leasehold improvements Lesser of the remaining term of the lease or estimated useful life of the asset Building and building improvements 12 to 20 years, or the remaining useful life of the building, whichever is shorter The carrying value of property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, at December 29, 2018 was $389.8 million. For purposes of determining whether there are any impairment losses, as further discussed below, management has historically examined the carrying value of the Company’s identifiable long-lived assets, including their useful lives, semi-annually, or more frequently when indicators of impairment are present. Evaluations of whether indicators of impairment exist involve judgments regarding the current and future business environment and the length of time the Company intends to use the asset. If an impairment loss is identified based on the fair value of the asset, as compared to the carrying value of the asset, such loss would be charged to expense in the period the impairment is identified. Furthermore, if the review of the carrying values of the long-lived assets indicates impairment of such assets, the Company may determine that shorter estimated useful lives are more appropriate. In that event, the Company will be required to record additional depreciation in future periods, which will reduce earnings. Estimating the amount of impairment, if any, requires significant judgments including identification of potential impairments, market comparison to similar assets, estimated cash flows to be generated by the asset, discount rates, and the remaining useful life of the asset. Impairment of assets included in operating expenses was $0.7 million, $2.5 million, and $0.7 million in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Factors generally considered important which could trigger an impairment review on the carrying value of long-lived assets include the following: (1) significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results; (2) significant changes in the manner of use of acquired assets or the strategy for the Company’s overall business; (3) underutilization of assets; and (4) discontinuance of products by the Company or its customers. The Company believes that the carrying value of its long-lived assets was realizable as of December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017. Segment Reporting Previously, the Company consisted of two operating segments that each produced and sold alcohol beverages. The first being the Boston Beer Company operating segment comprised of the Company’s Samuel Adams, Twisted Tea, Angry Orchard and Truly Hard Seltzer brands and the second being the A&S Brewing operating segment comprised of Coney Island Brewing Company, Angel City Brewing Company and Concrete Beach Brewing Company. In 2016, sales from A&S brands were less than 5% of net revenues and in 2015, sales from A&S brands were less than 7% of net revenues. In 2017, the Company consolidated the A&S Brewing operating segment into the Boston Beer Company operating segment. The rationale for this change in operating segments was mainly driven by the departure of the Head of A&S Brewing, who left the Company at the end of 2016. Upon his departure, the A&S Brewing brands reporting structure changed to be in line with the Company’s Samuel Adams, Twisted Tea, Angry Orchard and Truly Hard Seltzer brands. Additionally, all brands sell predominantly low alcohol beverages, which are sold to the same types of customers in similar size quantities, at similar price points and through substantially the same channels of distribution. These beverages are manufactured using similar production processes, have comparable alcohol content and generally fall under the same regulatory environment. Goodwill and Intangible Assets The Company does not amortize goodwill and intangible assets but evaluates the recoverability by comparing the carrying value and the fair value annually at the end of the fiscal month of August, or more frequently when indicators of impairment are present. The Company has concluded that its goodwill and intangible assets were not impaired as of December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017. As of December 29, 2018, and December 30, 2017, goodwill amounted to $3.7 million. As of December 29, 2018, and December 30, 2017, intangible assets amounted to $2.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively, and were included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Refundable Deposits on Kegs and Pallets The Company distributes its draft beer in kegs and packaged beer primarily in glass bottles and cans and such kegs, bottles and cans are shipped on pallets to Distributors. Most kegs and pallets are owned by the Company. Kegs are reflected in the Company’s balance sheets at cost and are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the keg, while pallets are expensed upon purchase. Upon shipment of beer to Distributors, the Company collects a refundable deposit on the kegs and pallets, which is included in current liabilities in the Company’s balance sheets. Upon return of the kegs and pallets to the Company, the deposit is refunded to the Distributor. The Company has experienced some loss of kegs and pallets and anticipates that some loss will occur in future periods due to the significant volume of kegs and pallets handled by each Distributor and retailer, the homogeneous nature of kegs and pallets owned by most brewers and the relatively small deposit collected for each keg when compared with its market value. The Company believes that this is an industry-wide issue and that the Company’s loss experience is not atypical. The Company believes that the loss of kegs and pallets, after considering the forfeiture of related deposits, has not been material to the financial statements. The Company uses internal records, records maintained by Distributors, records maintained by other third party vendors and historical information to estimate the physical count of kegs and pallets held by Distributors. These estimates affect the amount recorded as property, plant and equipment and current liabilities as of the date of the financial statements. The actual liability for refundable deposits could differ from these estimates. For the year ended December 29, 2018, the Company decreased its liability for refundable deposits, gross property, plant and equipment and related accumulated depreciation by $1.2 million, $1.1 million and $1.1 million, respectively. For the year ended December 30, 2017, the Company decreased its liability for refundable deposits, gross property, plant and equipment and related accumulated depreciation by $1.0 million, $1.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively. As of December 29, 2018, and December 30, 2017, the Company’s balance sheet includes $17.0 million and $12.9 million, respectively, in refundable deposits on kegs and pallets and $1.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively, in kegs, net of accumulated depreciation. Income Taxes Income tax expense was $23.6 million, $17.1 million, and $49.8 million in fiscal years 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively. The Company provides for deferred taxes using an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements or tax returns. This results in differences between the book and tax basis of the Company’s assets, liabilities and carry-forwards such as tax credits. In estimating future tax consequences, all expected future events, other than enactment of changes in the tax laws or rates, are generally considered. Valuation allowances are provided when recovery of deferred tax assets does not meet the more likely than not standards as defined in ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes The calculation of the Company’s tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations in several different state tax jurisdictions. The Company is periodically reviewed by tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due. These reviews include inquiries regarding the timing and amount of deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. The Company records estimated reserves for exposures associated with positions that it takes on its income tax returns that do not meet the more likely than not standards as defined in ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes Revenue Recognition and Classification of Customer Programs and Incentives During fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016 approximately 95% of the Company’s revenue was from shipments of its products to domestic Distributors and 4% from shipments to international Distributors, primarily located in Canada. Approximately 1% of the Company’s revenue is from retail beer, cider and merchandise sales at the Company’s retail locations. The Company recognizes revenue when obligations under the terms of a contract with its customer are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of its products. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring products. If the conditions for revenue recognition are not met, the Company defers the revenue until all conditions are met. As of December 29, 2018, and December 30, 2017, the Company has deferred $4.6 million and $5.5 million, respectively in revenue related to product shipped prior to these dates. These amounts are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company is committed to maintaining the freshness of the product in the market. In certain circumstances and with the Company’s approval, the Company accepts and destroys stale beer that is returned by Distributors. The Company generally credits approximately fifty percent of the distributor’s cost of the beer that has passed its expiration date for freshness when it is returned to the Company or destroyed. The Company reduces revenue and establishes an accrual based upon both historical returns, which is applied to an estimated lag time for receipt of product, and knowledge of specific return transactions. Estimating this reserve involves significant judgments and estimates, including comparability of historical return trends to future trends, lag time from date of sale to date of return, and product mix of returns. Stale beer expense is reflected in the accompanying financial statements as a reduction of revenue. Historically, the cost of actual stale beer returns has been in line with established reserves, however, the cost could differ materially from the estimated reserve which would impact revenue. As of December 29, 2018, and December 30, 2017, the stale beer reserve was $2.1 million and $3.0 million, respectively. These amounts are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Customer programs and incentives are a common practice in the alcohol beverage industry. Amounts paid in connection with customer programs and incentives are recorded as reductions to net revenue or as advertising, promotional and selling expenses, based on the nature of the expenditure. Customer incentives and other payments made to Distributors are primarily based upon performance of certain marketing and advertising activities. Depending on applicable state laws and regulations, these activities promoting the Company’s products may include, but are not limited to point-of-sale Customer promotional discount programs are entered into with Distributors for certain periods of time. Amounts paid to Distributors in connection with these programs in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $34.5 million, $30.2 million and $33.2 million, respectively. The reimbursements for discounts to Distributors are recorded as reductions to net revenue. The agreed-upon discount rates are applied to certain Distributors’ sales to retailers, based on volume metrics, in order to determine the total discounted amount. The computation of the discount allowance requires that management make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the timing and amounts of revenue and liabilities recorded. Actual promotional discounts owed and paid have historically been in line with allowances recorded by the Company, however, the amounts could differ from the estimated allowance. Customer incentives and other payments are made primarily to Distributors based upon performance of certain marketing and advertising activities. Depending on applicable state laws and regulations, these activities promoting the Company’s products may include, but are not limited to point-of-sale In connection with its preparation of financial statements and other financial reporting, management is required to make certain estimates and assumptions regarding the amount, timing and classification of expenditures resulting from these activities. Actual expenditures incurred could differ from management’s estimates and assumptions. Excise Taxes The Company is responsible for compliance with the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department (the “TTB”) regulations which includes making timely and accurate excise tax payments. The Company is subject to periodic compliance audits by the TTB. Individual states also impose excise taxes on alcohol beverages in varying amounts. The Company calculates its excise tax expense based upon units shipped and on its understanding of the applicable excise tax laws. The Company benefited from a reduction in federal excise taxes of $6.1 million in fiscal 2018, as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Cost of Goods Sold The following expenses are included in cost of goods sold: raw material costs, packaging costs, costs and income related to deposit activity, purchasing and receiving costs, manufacturing labor and overhead, brewing and processing costs, inspection costs relating to quality control, inbound freight charges, depreciation expense related to manufacturing equipment and warehousing costs, which include rent, labor and overhead costs. Shipping Costs Costs incurred for the shipping of products to customers are included in advertising, promotional and selling expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The Company incurred shipping costs of $61.8 million, $45.3 million, and $49.2 million million in fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Advertising and Sales Promotions The following expenses are included in advertising, promotional and selling expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income: media advertising costs, sales and marketing expenses, salary and benefit expenses and meals, travel and entertainment expenses for the sales, brand and sales support workforce, promotional activity expenses, shipping costs related to shipments of finished goods from manufacturing locations to distributor locations and point-of-sale The Company conducts certain advertising and promotional activities in its Distributors’ markets and the Distributors make contributions to the Company for such efforts. Reimbursements from Distributors for advertising and promotional activities are recorded as reductions to advertising, promotional and selling expenses. General and Administrative Expenses The following expenses are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income: general and administrative salary and benefit expenses, insurance costs, professional service fees, rent and utility expenses, meals, travel and entertainment expenses for general and administrative employees, and other general and administrative overhead costs. Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for share-based awards in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation As permitted by ASC 718, the Company elected to use a lattice model, such as the trinomial option-pricing model, to estimate the fair values of stock options, with the exception of the 2008 and 2016 stock option grants to the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer, which is considered to be a market-based award and was valued utilizing the Monte Carlo Simulation pricing model, which calculates multiple potential outcomes for an award and establishes fair value based on the most likely outcome. All option-pricing models require the input of subjective assumptions. These assumptions include the estimated volatility of the Company’s common stock price over the expected term, the expected dividend rate, the estimated post-vesting forfeiture rate, the risk-free interest rate and expected exercise behavior. See Note L for further discussion of the application of the option-pricing models. In addition, an estimated pre-vesting Net Income Per Share Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Diluted net income per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method or the two-class Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) 2014-09 In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting 2016-09 2016-09, 2016-09, fifty-two In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) Leases (Topic 842) |