Fair Value Disclosures | Fair Value Disclosures August 31, 2024 (1) $ in thousands Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Counterparty Total Assets: Financial instruments owned: Corporate equity securities $ 5,132,729 $ 284,986 $ 200,643 $ — $ 5,618,358 Corporate debt securities — 5,399,974 31,178 — 5,431,152 Collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations — 628,955 82,081 — 711,036 U.S. government and federal agency securities 3,292,721 86,902 — — 3,379,623 Municipal securities — 517,810 — — 517,810 Sovereign obligations 952,700 565,919 106 — 1,518,725 Residential mortgage-backed securities — 2,504,631 624 — 2,505,255 Commercial mortgage-backed securities — 264,281 492 — 264,773 Other asset-backed securities — 152,674 145,403 — 298,077 Loans and other receivables — 1,830,445 87,124 — 1,917,569 Derivatives 1,249 2,795,157 6,323 (2,270,214) 532,515 Investments at fair value — 6 139,380 — 139,386 Total financial instruments owned, excluding Investments at fair value based on NAV $ 9,379,399 $ 15,031,740 $ 693,354 $ (2,270,214) $ 22,834,279 Securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations $ 68,966 $ — $ — $ — $ 68,966 Securities received as collateral 272,619 — — — 272,619 Liabilities: Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased: Corporate equity securities $ 3,720,668 $ 89,406 $ 2,970 $ — $ 3,813,044 Corporate debt securities — 3,526,750 260 — 3,527,010 U.S. government and federal agency securities 2,789,472 — — — 2,789,472 Sovereign obligations 913,115 523,867 — — 1,436,982 Residential mortgage-backed securities — 26 — — 26 Commercial mortgage-backed securities — — 1,119 — 1,119 Loans — 99,533 1,560 — 101,093 Derivatives 411 2,981,236 34,823 (2,378,130) 638,340 Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased $ 7,423,666 $ 7,220,818 $ 40,732 $ (2,378,130) $ 12,307,086 Other secured financings $ — $ — $ 3,965 $ — $ 3,965 Obligation to return securities received as collateral 272,619 — — — 272,619 Long-term debt — 1,333,744 789,146 — 2,122,890 (1) Excludes Investments at fair value based on net asset value (“NAV”) of $1.20 billion at August 31, 2024 by level within the fair value hierarchy. (2) Represents counterparty and cash collateral netting across the levels of the fair value hierarchy for positions with the same counterparty. November 30, 2023 (1) $ in thousands Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Counterparty Total Assets: Financial instruments owned: Corporate equity securities $ 3,831,698 $ 211,182 $ 181,294 $ — $ 4,224,174 Corporate debt securities — 4,921,222 26,112 — 4,947,334 Collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations — 869,246 64,862 — 934,108 U.S. government and federal agency securities 3,563,164 65,566 — — 3,628,730 Municipal securities — 223,502 — — 223,502 Sovereign obligations 1,051,494 609,452 — — 1,660,946 Residential mortgage-backed securities — 2,048,309 20,871 — 2,069,180 Commercial mortgage-backed securities — 344,902 508 — 345,410 Other asset-backed securities — 255,048 117,661 — 372,709 Loans and other receivables — 1,320,217 130,101 — 1,450,318 Derivatives 314 3,649,814 8,336 (3,107,620) 550,844 Investments at fair value — — 130,835 — 130,835 Total financial instruments owned, excluding Investments at fair value based on NAV $ 8,446,670 $ 14,518,460 $ 680,580 $ (3,107,620) $ 20,538,090 Securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations $ 110,198 $ — $ — $ — $ 110,198 Securities received as collateral 8,800 — — — 8,800 Liabilities: Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased: Corporate equity securities $ 2,235,049 $ 83,180 $ 676 $ — $ 2,318,905 Corporate debt securities — 2,842,776 124 — 2,842,900 Collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations — 36 — — 36 U.S. government and federal agency securities 2,957,787 — — — 2,957,787 Sovereign obligations 1,229,795 579,302 — — 1,809,097 Residential mortgage-backed securities — 463 — — 463 Commercial mortgage-backed securities — — 840 — 840 Loans — 173,828 1,521 — 175,349 Derivatives 54 3,851,004 59,291 (2,764,572) 1,145,777 Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased $ 6,422,685 $ 7,530,589 $ 62,452 $ (2,764,572) $ 11,251,154 Other secured financings $ — $ — $ 3,898 $ — $ 3,898 Obligation to return securities received as collateral 8,800 — — — 8,800 Long-term debt — 963,846 744,597 — 1,708,443 (1) Excludes Investments at fair value based on NAV of $1.21 billion at November 30, 2023 by level within the fair value hierarchy. (2) Represents counterparty and cash collateral netting across the levels of the fair value hierarchy for positions with the same counterparty. There have been no significant changes in valuation techniques and inputs used in measuring our financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis. Refer to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2023. Investments at Fair Value Investments at fair value includes investments in hedge funds and private equity funds, which are measured at the NAV of the funds, provided by the fund managers and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. Investments at fair value also include direct equity investments in private companies, which are measured at fair value using valuation techniques involving quoted prices of or market data for comparable companies, similar company ratios and multiples ( e.g. , price/EBITDA, price/book value), discounted cash flow analyses and transaction prices observed for subsequent financing or capital issuance by the company. Direct equity investments in private companies are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Investments in entities that have the characteristics of an investment company: August 31, 2024 $ in thousands Fair Unfunded Redemption Frequency Redemption Notice Period Equity Long/Short Hedge Funds (2) $ 264,698 $ — Quarterly (100%) 45 - 90 days Equity Funds (3) 56,759 31,268 N/R (100%) N/R Commodity Funds (4) 20,731 — Quarterly (100%) 60 days Multi-asset Funds (5) 346,533 — Monthly (86%) Quarterly (14%) 45 - 60 days 90 days Other Funds (6) 515,659 223,813 Quarterly (64%) N/R (36%) 90 days N/R Total $ 1,204,380 $ 255,081 November 30, 2023 $ in thousands Fair Unfunded Redemption Redemption Equity Long/Short Hedge Funds (2) $ 341,530 $ — Quarterly (57%) N/R (43%) 60 - 90 days N/R Equity Funds (3) 55,701 37,534 N/R (100%) N/R Commodity Funds (4) 21,747 — Quarterly (100%) 60 days Multi-asset Funds (5) 357,445 — Monthly (83%) Quarterly (13%) N/R (4%) 60 days 90 days N/R Other Funds (6) 432,960 132,662 Quarterly (75%) N/R (25%) 90 days N/R Total $ 1,209,383 $ 170,196 N/R - Not redeemable (1) Where fair value is calculated based on NAV, fair value has been derived from each of the funds’ capital statements. (2) Includes investments in hedge funds that invest, long and short, primarily in both public and private equity securities in domestic and international markets. The non-redeemable investments at November 30, 2023 included restrictions before November 30, 2023 or August 31, 2025. (3) Includes investments in equity funds that invest in the equity of various U.S. and foreign private companies in a broad range of industries. These investments cannot be redeemed; instead, distributions are received through the liquidation of the underlying assets of the funds which are primarily expected to be liquidated in approximately one (4) Includes investments in a hedge fund that invests, long and short, primarily in commodities. (5) Includes investments in hedge funds that invest, long and short, primarily in multi-asset securities in domestic and international markets in both the public and private sectors. The non-redeemable investments at November 30, 2023 included restrictions before April 1, 2024. (6) Primarily includes investments in a fund that invests in short-term trade receivables and payables that are expected to generally be outstanding between 90 to 120 days and short-term credit instruments, as well as investments in a fund that invests, long and short, in distressed and special situations credit strategies across sectors and asset types. Level 3 Rollforwards Three Months Ended August 31, 2024 $ in thousands Balance at May 31, 2024 Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1) Purchases Sales Settlements Issuances Net transfers into/ Balance at August 31, 2024 For instruments still held at August 31, 2024, changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in: Earnings (1) Other comprehensive income Level 3 assets: Financial instruments owned: Corporate equity securities $ 178,755 $ 9,887 $ 12,874 $ (1,035) $ (198) $ — $ 360 $ 200,643 $ 10,184 $ — Corporate debt securities 38,717 93 — (1,753) — — (5,879) 31,178 1,181 — CDOs and CLOs 68,626 1,477 17,704 (1,147) (1,323) — (3,256) 82,081 649 — Sovereign obligations — — — — — — 106 106 — — RMBS 644 24 — — (12) — (32) 624 34 — CMBS 477 15 — — — — — 492 — — Other ABS 168,736 (966) 29,502 (27,528) (3,608) — (20,733) 145,403 (1,988) — Loans and other receivables 92,546 (18,742) 10,138 (4,489) (2,258) — 9,929 87,124 (5,863) — Investments at fair value 138,057 952 371 — — — — 139,380 952 — Level 3 liabilities: Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased: Corporate equity securities $ 708 $ 4 $ — $ 2,264 $ — $ — $ (6) $ 2,970 $ (4) $ — Corporate debt securities 506 — (246) — — — — 260 — — CMBS 1,049 — — — 70 — — 1,119 — — Loans 1,584 (1,000) — 964 12 — — 1,560 1 — Net derivatives (2) 34,877 (7,588) — — 734 — 477 28,500 4,363 — Other secured financings 3,965 — — — — — — 3,965 — — Long-term debt 784,212 25,080 — — — 542 (20,688) 789,146 (37,145) 12,065 Nine Months Ended August 31, 2024 $ in thousands Balance at November 30, 2023 Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1) Purchases Sales Settlements Issuances Net transfers into/ Balance at August 31, 2024 For instruments still held at August 31, 2024, changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in: Earnings (1) Other comprehensive income Assets: Financial instruments owned: Corporate equity securities $ 181,294 $ (3,969) $ 28,576 $ (2,480) $ — $ — $ (2,778) $ 200,643 $ (3,179) $ — Corporate debt securities 26,112 3,060 14,894 (6,735) (200) — (5,953) 31,178 7,309 — CDOs and CLOs 64,862 8,771 41,690 (22,797) (5,214) — (5,231) 82,081 4,351 — Sovereign obligations — (16) 11,147 (11,025) — — — 106 3 — RMBS 20,871 (185) — (5,374) (63) — (14,625) 624 33 — CMBS 508 (16) — — — — — 492 (64) — Other ABS 117,661 (7,724) 94,754 (68,622) (19,929) — 29,263 145,403 (5,778) — Loans and other receivables 130,101 (43,105) 20,220 (4,856) (19,523) — 4,287 87,124 (17,949) — Investments at fair value 130,835 (10,626) 19,725 — (547) — (7) 139,380 (10,626) — Liabilities: Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased: Corporate equity securities $ 676 $ 5 $ — $ 2,289 $ — $ — $ — $ 2,970 $ (5) $ — Corporate debt securities 124 (23) — — — — 159 260 23 — CMBS 840 — (245) — 525 — (1) 1,119 (2) — Loans 1,521 1,879 (180) 1,367 152 — (3,179) 1,560 (26) — Net derivatives (2) 50,955 (17,212) (3,236) 2,471 (9,504) — 5,026 28,500 5,659 — Other secured financings 3,898 4,482 — — (4,415) — — 3,965 (4,482) — Long-term debt 744,597 34,157 — — (2,109) 28,614 (16,113) 789,146 (41,836) 7,679 (1) Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes within Long-term debt are presented net of tax in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. (2) Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned—Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Derivatives. Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the Three Months Ended August 31, 2024 Transfers of assets of $31.3 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • Loan and other receivables of $15.9 million, CDOs and CLOs of $10.1 million and Other ABS of $3.3 million due to reduced pricing transparency. Transfers of assets of $50.8 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • Other ABS of $24.0 million, CDOs and CLOs of $13.4 million, Corporate debt securities of $7.1 million and Loans and other receivables of $5.9 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2. Transfers of liabilities of $18.8 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • Structured notes within Long-term debt of $9.6 million and Net derivatives of $9.3 million due to reduced market and pricing transparency. Transfers of liabilities of $39.0 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • Structured notes within Long-term debt of $30.2 million and Net derivatives of $8.8 million due to greater pricing and market transparency. Net losses on Level 3 assets were $7.3 million and net losses on Level 3 liabilities were $16.5 million for the three months ended August 31, 2024. Net losses on Level 3 assets were primarily due to decreased market values across Loans and other receivables, partially offset by increased market values of Corporate equity securities and CDOs and CLOs. Net losses on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to increased valuations of structured notes within Long-term debt, partially offset by decreased valuations of certain derivatives. Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the Nine Months Ended August 31, 2024 Transfers of assets of $61.0 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • Other ABS of $47.6 million and Loan and other receivables of $11.3 million due to reduced pricing transparency. Transfers of assets of $56.0 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • Other ABS of $18.3 million, RMBS of $14.6 million, Corporate debt securities of $7.5 million, Loans and other receivables of $7.0 million, CDOs and CLOs of $5.2 million and Corporate equity securities of $3.3 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2. Transfers of liabilities of $39.4 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • Net derivatives of $23.2 million and structured notes within Long-term debt of $18.8 million due to reduced market and pricing transparency. Transfers of liabilities of $53.1 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • Structured notes within Long-term debt of $34.9 million and Net derivatives of $18.2 million due to greater pricing and market transparency. Net losses on Level 3 assets were $53.8 million and net losses on Level 3 liabilities were $23.3 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2024. Net losses on Level 3 assets were primarily due to decreased market values across Loans and other receivables, Investments at fair value, Other ABS and Corporate equity securities, partially offset by increased valuations of CDOs and CLOs and Corporate debt securities. Net losses on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to increased valuations of structured notes within Long-term debt and Other secured financings, partially offset by decreased valuations of certain derivatives. Three Months Ended August 31, 2023 $ in thousands Balance at May 31, 2023 Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1) Purchases Sales Settlements Issuances Net transfers into/ Balance at August 31, 2023 For instruments still held at August 31, 2023, changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in: Earnings (1) Other comprehensive income Assets: Financial instruments owned: Corporate equity securities $ 267,913 $ (85,416) $ 333 $ (331) $ — $ — $ (3,710) $ 178,789 $ (84,507) $ — Corporate debt securities 42,642 (176) 4,685 (4,157) — — (11,282) 31,712 416 — CDOs and CLOs 62,691 12,133 9,848 (648) (17,331) — (9,208) 57,485 (8,000) — RMBS 24,705 (1,796) 324 — (4) — — 23,229 (686) — CMBS 28,946 (535) — — — — — 28,411 (368) — Other ABS 126,075 (2,768) 50,945 (2,534) — — 5,324 177,042 (3,995) — Loans and other receivables 141,817 6,776 7,342 (7,967) — — 2,239 150,207 7,955 — Investments at fair value 153,800 114,681 575 — (196) — (12,747) 256,113 114,681 — Liabilities: Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased: Corporate equity securities 465 — — — — — — 465 — — Corporate debt securities 267 1 — — — — (42) 226 (1) — CMBS 630 (11) — — 210 — (105) 724 11 — Loans 3,348 2,522 (1,655) 247 — — 2,977 7,439 (4,508) — Net derivatives (2) 54,260 4,259 (9,406) 22,236 — — (31,313) 40,036 (4,177) — Other secured financings 1,712 — — — — — — 1,712 — — Long-term debt 697,057 20,768 — — — 5,572 (17,482) 705,915 (5,770) (14,998) Nine Months Ended August 31, 2023 $ in thousands Balance at November 30, 2022 Total gains/losses (realized and unrealized) (1) Purchases Sales Settlements Issuances Net transfers into/ Balance at August 31, 2023 For instruments still held at August 31, 2023, changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in: Earnings (1) Other comprehensive income Assets: Financial instruments owned: Corporate equity securities $ 240,347 $ (58,302) $ 895 $ (1,228) $ (630) $ — $ (2,293) $ 178,789 $ (51,782) $ — Corporate debt securities 30,232 2,087 11,519 (20,410) (200) — 8,484 31,712 (1,394) — CDOs and CLOs 55,824 23,622 30,744 (1,062) (43,798) — (7,845) 57,485 (13,103) — RMBS 27,617 (4,239) — — (149) — — 23,229 (1,513) — CMBS 839 (1,282) — — — — 28,854 28,411 (428) — Other ABS 94,677 (9,162) 90,507 (4,387) — — 5,407 177,042 (11,922) — Loans and other receivables 168,875 4,626 12,769 (28,171) (186) — (7,706) 150,207 10,380 — Investments at fair value 161,992 112,094 7,994 (2,420) (10,887) — (12,660) 256,113 113,807 — Liabilities: Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased: Corporate equity securities $ 750 $ (285) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 465 $ 285 $ — Corporate debt securities 500 (40) (234) — — — — 226 29 — CMBS 490 (11) — — 245 — — 724 11 — Loans 3,164 (124) (1,655) 354 — — 5,700 7,439 (908) — Net derivatives (2) 59,524 (8,176) (5,300) 17,037 (854) 10,035 (32,230) 40,036 7,718 — Other secured financings 1,712 — — — — — — 1,712 — — Long-term debt 661,123 40,321 — — — 5,775 (1,304) 705,915 (8,970) (31,351) (1) Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes within Long-term debt are presented net of tax in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. (2) Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned—Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased—Derivatives. Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the Three Months Ended August 31, 2023 Transfers of assets of $21.7 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • Loans and other receivables of $7.0 million, Other ABS of $6.8 million, CDOs and CLOs of $3.7 million and Corporate debt securities of $3.2 million due to reduced pricing transparency. Transfers of assets of $51.0 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • Corporate debt securities of $14.5 million, CDOs and CLOs of $12.9 million, Investments at fair value of $12.7 million, Loans and other receivables of $4.7 million, Corporate equity securities of $4.6 million and Other ABS of $1.5 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2. Transfers of liabilities of $31.3 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • Structured notes within Long-term debt of $21.7 million, Net derivatives of $6.5 million and Loans of $3.0 million due to reduced market and pricing transparency. Transfers of liabilities of $77.3 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • Structured notes within Long-term debt of $39.1 million and Net derivatives of $37.8 million due to greater pricing and market transparency. Net gains on Level 3 assets were $42.9 million and net losses on Level 3 liabilities were $27.5 million for the three months ended August 31, 2023. Net gains on Level 3 assets were primarily due to increased market values across Investments at fair value, CDOs and CLOs, and Loans and other receivables, partially offset by decreased valuations of Corporate equity securities and Other ABS. Net losses on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to increased valuations of structured notes within Long-term debt, certain derivatives and loans. Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the Nine Months Ended August 31, 2023 Transfers of assets of $77.1 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • CMBS of $28.9 million, Loans and other receivables of $26.3 million, Other ABS of $9.9 million, Corporate debt securities of $8.7 million and Corporate equity securities of $3.3 million due to reduced pricing transparency. Transfers of assets of $64.8 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • Loans and other receivables of $34.0 million, Investments at fair value of $12.7 million, CDOs and CLOs of $7.8 million, Corporate equity securities of $5.6 million and Other ABS of $4.5 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2. Transfers of liabilities of $46.1 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • Structured notes within Long-term debt of $27.9 million, Net derivatives of $12.6 million and Loans of $5.7 million due to reduced market and pricing transparency. Transfers of liabilities of $74.0 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to: • Net derivatives of $44.8 million and Structured notes within Long-term debt of $29.2 million due to greater pricing and market transparency. Net gains on Level 3 assets were $69.4 million and net losses on Level 3 liabilities were $31.7 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2023. Net gains on Level 3 assets were primarily due to increased market values across Investments at fair value and CDOs and CLOs, partially offset by decreased valuations of Corporate equity securities and other ABS. Net losses on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to increased valuations of structured notes within Long-term debt, partially offset by decreased valuations of certain derivatives. Significant Unobservable Inputs used in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements August 31, 2024 Financial Instruments Owned: Fair Value Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Input(s) Input / Range Weighted Corporate equity securities $ 200,643 Non-exchange-traded securities Market approach Price $0 - $325 $56 EBITDA multiple 5.4 — Corporate debt securities $ 31,178 Market approach Price $0 - $95 $58 CDOs and CLOs $ 77,965 Discounted cash flows Constant prepayment rate 15% - 20% 18% Constant default rate 2% — Loss severity 30% — Discount rate/yield 13 % - 20% 18% Market approach Price $70 - $110 $96 Other ABS $ 137,548 Discounted cash flows Discount rate/yield 18 % - 21% 19% Cumulative loss rate 28 % - 33% 30% Duration (years) 1.1 - 1.8 1.6 Market approach Price $100 — Scenario analysis Estimated recovery percentage 92% — Loans and other receivables $ 87,124 Market approach Price $81 - $100 $97 Scenario analysis Estimated recovery percentage 2 % - 198% 67% Investments at fair value $ 134,284 Private equity securities Market approach Price $1 - $5,000 $360 Price €8,040 — Price £0.5 — Discount rate/yield 28% — Revenue $30,067,142 — Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased: Corporate equity securities $ 2,970 Non-exchange-traded securities Market approach EBITDA multiple 5.4 — Derivatives $ 33,608 Equity options Volatility bench-marking Volatility 33 % - 57% 47% Embedded options Market approach Basis points upfront 8.2 - 21.8 14.9 Other secured financings $ 3,965 Scenario analysis Estimated recovery percentage 60 % - 100% 93% Long-term debt $ 789,146 Structured notes Market approach Price $62 - $100 $81 Price €65 - €106 €87 November 30, 2023 Financial Instruments Owned: Fair Value Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Input(s) Input / Range Weighted Corporate equity securities $ 181,294 Non-exchange-traded securities Market approach Price $0 - $325 $59 Corporate debt securities $ 26,112 Market approach Price $40 - $94 $50 Discounted cash flows Discount rate/yield 11% — Scenario analysis Estimated recovery percentage 4% — CDOs and CLOs $ 64,862 Discounted cash flows Constant prepayment rate 15 % - 20% 19% Constant default rate 2% — Loss severity 35 % - 40% 36% Discount rate/yield 21 % - 26% 24% Market approach Price $48 - $100 $88 CMBS $ 508 Scenario analysis Estimated recovery percentage 28% — Other ABS $ 102,423 Discounted cash flows Discount rate/yield 10 % - 21% 18% Cumulative loss rate 9 % - 32% 25% Duration (years) 1.1 - 2.2 1.7 Market approach Price $100 — Loans and other receivables $ 130,101 Market approach Price $82 - $157 $127 Scenario analysis Estimated recovery percentage 7 % - 73% 40% Derivatives $ 2,395 Equity options Volatility bench-marking Volatility 60% — Investments at fair value $ 127,237 Private equity securities Market approach Price $1 - $6,819 $484 Discount rate/yield 28% — Revenue $30,538,979 — Financial Instruments Sold, Not Yet Purchased: Corporate debt securities $ 124 Scenario analysis Estimated recovery percentage 4% — Loans $ 1,521 Market approach Price $101 — Derivatives $ 56,779 Equity options Volatility bench-marking Volatility 31 % - 87% 42% Embedded options Market approach Basis points upfront 0.4 - 25.5 17.9 Other secured financings $ 3,898 Scenario analysis Estimated recovery percentage 18 % - 73% 53% Long-term debt $ 744,597 Structured notes Market approach Price $57 - $114 $78 Price €60 - €103 €84 The tables above present information on the valuation techniques, significant unobservable inputs and their ranges for our financial assets and liabilities, subject to threshold levels related to the market value of the positions held, measured at fair value on a recurring basis with a significant Level 3 balance. The range of unobservable inputs could differ significantly across different firms given the range of products across different firms in the financial services sector. The inputs are not representative of the inputs that could have been used in the valuation of any one financial instrument ( i.e., the input used for valuing one financial instrument within a particular class of financial instruments may not be appropriate for valuing other financial instruments within that given class). Additionally, the ranges of inputs presented below should not be construed to represent uncertainty regarding the fair values of our financial instruments; rather, the range of inputs is reflective of the differences in the underlying characteristics of the financial instruments in each category. For certain categories, we have provided a weighted average of the inputs allocated based on the fair values of the financial instruments comprising the category. We do not believe that the range or weighted average of the inputs is indicative of the reasonableness of uncertainty of our Level 3 fair values. The range and weighted average are driven by the individual financial instruments within each category and their relative distribution in the population. The disclosed inputs when compared with the inputs as disclosed in other periods should not be expected to necessarily be indicative of changes in our estimates of unobservable inputs for a particular financial instrument as the population of financial instruments comprising the category will vary from period to period based on purchases and sales of financial instruments during the period as well as transfers into and out of Level 3 each period. The fair values of certain Level 3 assets and liabilities that were determined based on third-party pricing information, unadjusted past transaction prices or a percentage of the reported enterprise fair value are excluded from the above tables. At August 31, 2024 and November 30, 2023, asset exclusions consisted of $24.6 million and $45.6 million, respectively, primarily comprised of CDOs and CLOs, Other ABS, Loans and other receivables, Investments at fair value, certain derivatives, RMBS, CMBS and sovereign obligations. At August 31, 2024 and November 30, 2023, liability exclusions consisted of $4.2 million and $4.0 million, respectively, primarily comprised of certain derivatives, loans, CMBS, corporate equity securities and corporate debt securities. Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurement from Use of Significant Unobservable Inputs For recurring fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the uncertainty of the fair value measurement due to the use of significant unobservable inputs and interrelationships between those unobservable inputs (if any) are described below: • Non-exchange-traded securities, corporate debt securities, CDOs and CLOs, loans and other receivables, other ABS, private equity securities, certain derivatives and structured notes using a market approach valuation technique. A significant increase (decrease) in the price of the private equity securities, non-exchange-traded securities, corporate debt securities, CDOs and CLOs, other ABS, loans and other receivables or structured notes would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the revenue multiple related to private equity securities would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the EBITDA multiple related to non-exchange-traded securities would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate/security yield related to private equity securities would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Depending on whether we are a receiver or (payer) of basis points upfront, a significant increase in basis points would result in a significant increase (decrease) in the fair value measurement of options. • Loans and other receivables, corporate debt securities, CMBS, other ABS and other secured financings using scenario analysis. A significant increase (decrease) in the possible recovery rates of the cash flow outcomes underlying the financial instrument would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement for the financial instrument. • CDOs and CLOs, corporate debt securities and other ABS using a discounted cash flow valuation technique. A significant increase (decrease) in isolation in the constant default rate, loss severity or cumulative loss rate would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. The impact of changes in the constant prepayment rate and duration would have differing impacts depending on the capital structure and type of security. A significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate/security yield would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. • Derivative equity options using volatility benchmarking. A significant increase (decrease) in volatility would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Fair Value Option Election For a description of our financial assets and liabilities we have elected the fair value option refer to our consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2023. Fair value option gains (losses): Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended $ in thousands 2024 2023 2024 2023 Financial instruments owned: Loans and other receivables $ (690) $ 15,998 $ (39,664) $ 31,172 Other secured financings: Other changes in fair value (2) $ — $ — $ (4,482) $ — Long-term debt: Changes in instrument-specific credit risk (1) $ 23,779 $ (29,980) $ 6,009 $ (56,357) Other changes in fair value (2) (84,266) 17,882 (111,716) 21,432 (1) Changes in fair value of structured notes related to instrument-specific credit risk are presented net of tax in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. (2) Other changes in fair value are included in Principal transactions revenues. Fair value option amounts by which contractual principal is greater than (less than) fair value: $ in thousands August 31, November 30, Financial instruments owned: Loans and other receivables (1) $ 1,413,079 $ 2,344,468 Loans and other receivables on nonaccrual status and/or 90 days or greater p |