Consolidated Financial Statements
We identified the assessment of the measurement of fair value fordifficult-to-value financial instruments as a key audit matter. Due to the significant measurement uncertainty associated with the fair value ofdifficult-to-value financial assets and financial liabilities, there was a high degree of subjectivity and judgment in evaluating the methodology used in developing the models. Subjective auditor judgment was also required to evaluate the models’ significant inputs and assumptions which were not directly observable in financial markets, such as net asset value, volatility and correlation.
The primary procedures we performed to address this key audit matter included the following. We tested certain internal controls over the Bank’s process to determine the fair value of itsdifficult-to-value financial instruments with the involvement of valuation and information technology professionals with specialized skills, industry knowledge and relevant experience. These included controls related to: (1) development and ongoing validation of the models and methodologies; (2) review of significant unobservable model inputs and assumptions; (3) independent price verification; and (4) segregation of duties and access controls. We tested, with involvement of valuation professionals with specialized skills, industry knowledge and relevant experience, the fair value of a sample ofdifficult-to-value financial instruments. Depending on the nature of the financial instruments, we did this by comparing the key unobservable inputs to external information or by developing an independent estimate of fair value and comparing it to the fair value determined by the Bank.
(iii) | Assessment of Uncertain TaxProvisions |
Refer to Notes 3 and 27 to the consolidated financial statements.
In determining the provision for income taxes, the Bank records its best estimate of the amount required to settle uncertain tax positions based on its assessment of relevant factors.
We identified the assessment of uncertain tax provisions as a key audit matter. There is a high degree of subjectivity and complex auditor judgment required in assessing the Bank’s interpretation of tax law and its estimate of the ultimate resolution of tax positions.
The primary procedures we performed to address this key audit matter included the following. We tested certain internal controls over the Bank’s income tax uncertainties process with the involvement of taxation professionals with specialized skills, industry knowledge and relevant experience. This included controls related to the (1) identification of tax uncertainties, including the interpretation of tax law and (2) determination of the best estimate of the provision required to settle these tax uncertainties. Since tax law is complex and often subject to interpretation, we involved tax professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in: (1) evaluating the Bank’s interpretations of tax laws and the assessment of certain tax uncertainties, including, if applicable, the measurement thereof; (2) reading advice obtained by the Bank from external specialists; and (3) inspecting correspondence with taxation authorities.
Other Information
Management is responsible for the other information. Other information comprises:
| • | | the information included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis filed with the relevant Canadian Securities Commissions; and |
| • | | the information, other than the consolidated financial statements and the auditors’ report thereon, included in a document entitled the 2019 Annual Report. |
Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not and will not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the consolidated financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit and remain alert for indications that the other information appears to be materially misstated.
We obtained the information included in Management’s Discussion and Analysis and the 2019 Annual Report filed with the relevant Canadian Securities Commissions as at the date of this auditors’ report. If, based on the work we have performed on this other information, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact in the auditors’ report. We have nothing to report in this regard.
Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Consolidated Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Bank’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Bank or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Bank’s financial reporting process.
Auditors’ Responsibilities of the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our opinion.
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards will always detect a material misstatement when it exists.
Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the consolidated financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.
We also:
| • | | identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. |
The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control;