Loans, Impaired Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | 13 Loans, Impair e for (a) Loans at amortized cost 2022 2021 As at October 31 ($ millions) Gross loans Allowance Net Gross loans Allowance Net carrying amount Residential mortgages $ 349,279 $ 899 $ 348,380 $ 319,678 $ 802 $ 318,876 Personal loans 99,431 2,137 97,294 91,540 2,341 89,199 Credit cards 14,518 1,083 13,435 12,450 1,211 11,239 Business and government 287,107 1,229 285,878 218,944 1,272 217,672 Total $ 750,335 $ 5,348 $ 744,987 $ 642,612 $ 5,626 $ 636,986 (b) Loans and acceptances outstanding by geography (1) As at October 31 ($ millions) 2022 2021 Canada: Residential mortgages $ 302,486 $ 280,169 Personal loans 78,427 73,592 Credit cards 6,970 6,213 Business and government 105,277 77,353 493,160 437,327 United States: Personal loans 2,830 1,137 Business and government 66,680 42,295 69,510 43,432 Mexico: Residential mortgages 13,080 9,826 Personal loans 2,556 2,454 Credit cards 675 540 Business and government 23,744 18,902 40,055 31,722 Chile: Residential mortgages 19,441 17,176 Personal loans 4,766 4,680 Credit cards 2,921 2,299 Business and government 24,197 20,806 51,325 44,961 Peru: Residential mortgages 3,719 2,894 Personal loans 5,025 4,536 Credit cards 942 467 Business and government 12,819 11,511 22,505 19,408 Colombia: Residential mortgages 1,910 2,222 Personal loans 2,115 1,967 Credit cards 1,443 1,608 Business and government 5,541 6,205 11,009 12,002 Other International: Residential mortgages 8,643 7,391 Personal loans 3,712 3,174 Credit cards 1,568 1,323 Business and government 48,848 41,872 62,771 53,760 Total loans 750,335 642,612 Acceptances (2) 19,494 20,404 Total loans and acceptances (3) 769,829 663,016 Allowance for credit losses (5,379 ) (5,663 ) Total loans and acceptances net of allowance for credit losses $ 764,450 $ 657,353 (1) Geographic segmentation is based on the location of the property for residential mortgages; otherwise, the residence of the borrower. (2) 0.4% of acceptances reside outside Canada (October 31, 2021 – 1.2%). (3) Loans and acceptances denominated in US dollars were $158,715 (2021 – $112,919), in Chilean pesos $39,418 (2021 – $36,126), Mexican pesos $29,194 (2021 – $23,363), and in other foreign currencies $51,445 (2021 – $46,403). (c) Loan maturities As at October 31, 2022 Remaining term to maturity Rate sensitivity ($ millions) Within One to Five to Over No specific Total Floating Fixed rate Non-rate Total Residential mortgages $ 41,557 $ 269,576 $ 13,011 $ 24,487 $ 648 $ 349,279 $ 114,060 $ 232,519 $ 2,700 $ 349,279 Personal loans 15,772 37,279 5,328 1,282 39,770 99,431 41,883 56,707 841 99,431 Credit cards – – – – 14,518 14,518 – 14,518 – 14,518 Business and government 148,094 128,114 5,334 386 5,179 287,107 166,236 119,361 1,510 287,107 Total $ 205,423 $ 434,969 $ 23,673 $ 26,155 $ 60,115 $ 750,335 $ 322,179 $ 423,105 $ 5,051 $ 750,335 Allowance for credit losses – – – – (5,348 ) (5,348 ) – – (5,348 ) (5,348 ) Total loans net of allowance for credit losses $ 205,423 $ 434,969 $ 23,673 $ 26,155 $ 54,767 $ 744,987 $ 322,179 $ 423,105 $ (297 ) $ 744,987 As at October 31, 2021 Remaining term to maturity Rate sensitivity ($ millions) Within One to Five to Over No specific Total Floating Fixed rate Non-rate Total Residential mortgages $ 38,886 $ 247,343 $ 12,112 $ 19,417 $ 1,920 $ 319,678 $ 83,578 $ 233,217 $ 2,883 $ 319,678 Personal loans 15,057 33,414 5,047 1,180 36,842 91,540 37,254 53,374 912 91,540 Credit cards – – – – 12,450 12,450 – 12,450 – 12,450 Business and government 108,405 100,319 4,973 230 5,017 218,944 120,313 96,546 2,085 218,944 Total $ 162,348 $ 381,076 $ 22,132 $ 20,827 $ 56,229 $ 642,612 $ 241,145 $ 395,587 $ 5,880 $ 642,612 Allowance for credit losses – – – – (5,626 ) (5,626 ) – – (5,626 ) (5,626 ) Total loans net of allowance for credit losses $ 162,348 $ 381,076 $ 22,132 $ 20,827 $ 50,603 $ 636,986 $ 241,145 $ 395,587 $ 254 $ 636,986 (d) Impaired loans (1)(2) 2022 2021 As at October 31 ($ millions) Gross (1) Allowance Net Gross (1) Allowance Net Residential mortgages $ 1,386 $ 406 $ 980 $ 1,331 $ 374 $ 957 Personal loans 848 551 297 833 626 207 Credit cards – – – – – – Business and government 2,552 678 1,874 2,292 655 1,637 Total $ 4,786 $ 1,635 $ 3,151 $ 4,456 $ 1,655 $ 2,801 By geography: Canada $ 1,054 $ 440 $ 614 $ 1,090 $ 446 $ 644 United States – – – 24 4 20 Mexico 1,020 294 726 758 269 489 Peru 761 352 409 699 350 349 Chile 740 202 538 512 180 332 Colombia 301 67 234 418 88 330 Other International 910 280 630 955 318 637 Total $ 4,786 $ 1,635 $ 3,151 $ 4,456 $ 1,655 $ 2,801 (1) Interest income recognized on impaired loans during the year ended October 31, 2022 was $44 (2021 – $53). (2) Additional interest income of approximately $274 would have been recorded if the above loans had not been classified as impaired (2021 – $270). (e) Allowance for credit losses (i) Key inputs and assumptions The Bank’s allowance for credit losses is measured using a three-stage approach based on the extent of credit deterioration since origination. The calculation of the Bank’s allowance for credit losses is an output of complex models with a number of underlying assumptions regarding the choice of variable inputs and their interdependencies. Some of the key drivers include the following: • Changes in risk ratings of the borrower or instrument reflecting changes in their credit quality; • Changes in the volumes of transactions; • Changes in the forward-looking macroeconomic environment reflected in the variables used in the models such as GDP growth, unemployment rates, commodity prices, and house price indices, which are most closely related with credit losses in the relevant portfolio; • Changes in macroeconomic scenarios and the probability weights assigned to each scenario; and • Borrower migration between the three stages. The Bank determines its allowanc e The Bank considers both internal and external sources of information and data to achieve unbiased projections and forecasts in determining the allowance for credit losses. The Bank prepares the scenarios using forecasts generated by Scotiabank Economics (SE). The forecasts are generated using models whose outputs are modified by SE as necessary to formulate a ‘base case’ view of the most probable future direction of economic developments. The development of the base case and alternative scenarios is overseen by a governance committee that consists of internal stakeholders from across the Bank. The final base case and alternative scenarios reflect significant review and oversight, and incorporate judgment both in the determination of the scenarios’ forecasts and the probability weights that are assigned to them. (ii) Key macroeconomic variables The inputs and models used for calculating expected credit losses may not always capture all characteristics of the market at the date of the financial statements. Qualitative adjustments or overlays may be made for certain portfolios or geographies as temporary adjustments in circumstances where, in the Bank’s view, the inputs, assumptions, and/or modelling techniques do not capture all relevant risk factors, including the emergence of economic or geopolitical events up to the date of financial statements. The Bank has applied expert credit judgement in the assessment of underlying credit deterioration and migration of balances to progressive stages. The Bank considered both quantitative and qualitative information in the assessment of significant increase in credit risk. The Bank’s models are calibrated to consider past performance and macroeconomic forward-looking variables as inputs. The Bank has generated a forward-looking base case scenario and three alternate forward-looking scenarios (one optimistic and two pessimistic) as key inputs into the expected credit loss provisioning models. The global economic outlook has deteriorated over the last year owing to the combined impacts of central bank efforts to tame inflation, the consequences of Russia’s war on Ukraine, pandemic management in China and the impact of higher energy prices. Concerns about potential slowdown and high inflation have led to very volatile financial markets, which have clouded the outlook further. Therefore, the base case scenario is less favourable this year. Relative to the base case, the optimistic scenario features somewhat stronger economic activity. The two pessimistic scenarios were updated around the potential risk of stagflation and recession. In light of current economic uncertainty, the pessimistic scenarios feature a protracted period of high commodity prices, elevated financial market uncertainty and a further disruption to supply chains. All these elements lead to much higher inflation compared to the base case scenario resulting in a rapid deceleration of growth. In the pessimistic scenario, stagflation is short-lived, while in the very pessimistic scenario, the stagflation shock is strong and persists for a longer period of time. The Bank increased the weight of the pessimistic scenarios in calculating the allowance for credit losses on performing loans to capture the elevated downside risk and uncertainty to the outlook. The following tables show certain key macroeconomic variables used to calculate the modelled estimate for the allowance for credit losses. Further cha n ges Base Case Scenario Alternative Scenario – Optimistic Alternative Scenario – Pessimistic Alternative Scenario – Very October 31, 2022 Next Remaining Next Remaining Next Remaining Next Remaining Canada Real GDP growth, y/y % change 1.2 2.1 2.4 3.1 -4.8 3.7 -5.9 2.6 Consumer price index, y/y % 4.9 2.1 5.2 2.6 9.3 2.3 12.5 9.5 Unemployment rate, average % 5.7 6.0 5.1 4.7 9.7 6.9 10.2 8.6 Bank of Canada overnight rate 3.8 2.7 4.2 4.1 5.1 3.2 5.1 3.7 HPI – Housing Price Index, y/y % change -12.3 -0.3 -9.7 1.6 -17.6 -0.3 -20.0 -1.3 USDCAD exchange rate, average 1.27 1.24 1.26 1.23 1.28 1.24 1.28 1.25 US Real GDP growth, y/y % change 0.6 2.1 1.3 3.0 -5.1 3.7 -6.5 3.3 Consumer price index, y/y % 5.4 2.4 5.8 2.8 10.0 2.6 13.2 10.1 Target federal funds rate, upper limit, 3.5 2.7 4.7 4.5 4.8 3.3 4.8 3.7 Unemployment rate, average % 4.3 5.0 4.2 4.6 7.9 5.7 8.3 6.7 Mexico Real GDP growth, y/y % change 1.4 2.6 1.9 3.5 -4.0 4.0 -5.1 2.5 Unemployment rate, average % 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.2 7.2 4.8 7.6 6.4 Chile Real GDP growth, y/y % change -2.0 2.4 -0.8 3.6 -7.3 3.9 -8.4 2.9 Unemployment rate, average % 8.6 7.6 8.0 6.5 12.2 8.3 12.9 9.0 Peru Real GDP growth, y/y % change 2.5 2.7 3.7 3.8 -1.0 4.1 -3.3 3.5 Unemployment rate, average % 7.0 6.9 6.0 4.7 10.3 7.6 11.4 9.2 Colombia Real GDP growth, y/y % change 3.9 2.6 6.5 3.6 0.4 4.0 -2.0 3.4 Unemployment rate, average % 10.7 9.9 9.0 6.7 14.0 10.7 15.1 12.3 Caribbean Real GDP growth, y/y % change 4.4 4.0 5.0 4.9 0.5 5.2 -1.0 3.8 Global WTI oil price, average USD/bbl 89 79 95 96 116 83 125 116 Copper price, average USD/lb 3.25 3.49 3.39 3.95 3.66 3.54 3.78 3.78 Global GDP, y/y % change 2.02 2.83 2.96 3.83 -3.05 4.23 -4.14 3.79 Base Case Scenario Alternative Scenario – Optimistic Alternative Scenario – Pessimistic Alternative Scenario – Very October 31, 2021 Next Remaining Next Remaining Next Remaining Next Remaining Canada Real GDP growth, y/y % change 3.4 1.9 5.3 2.8 -1.3 3.1 -7.4 4.3 Consumer price index, y/y % 3.0 2.4 3.4 3.5 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.2 Unemployment rate, average % 6.3 5.7 5.6 4.1 8.8 6.3 11.7 8.2 Bank of Canada overnight rate target, average % 0.3 2.0 0.9 3.6 0.3 1.2 0.3 0.5 HPI – Housing Price Index, y/y % change 11.1 2.1 13.2 3.9 3.9 3.3 -2.7 3.9 USDCAD exchange rate, average 1.24 1.21 1.23 1.20 1.28 1.21 1.30 1.24 US Real GDP growth, y/y % change 5.7 1.6 7.3 2.1 2.4 2.4 -1.4 3.5 Consumer price index, y/y % 4.0 2.5 4.5 3.1 3.3 2.3 2.6 1.9 Target federal funds rate, upper limit, average % 0.3 1.8 0.8 2.8 0.3 1.1 0.3 0.9 Unemployment rate, average % 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.2 5.6 4.1 6.8 5.6 Mexico Real GDP growth, y/y % change 2.8 1.9 4.3 2.7 -0.4 2.7 -4.2 3.8 Unemployment rate, average % 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.1 6.5 4.5 9.4 6.4 Chile Real GDP growth, y/y % change 6.7 2.2 8.8 3.1 3.4 3.1 -0.5 4.2 Unemployment rate, average % 6.5 6.2 5.9 5.6 9.0 6.7 12.0 8.6 Peru Real GDP growth, y/y % change 5.0 3.2 7.7 4.3 3.6 3.7 0.0 4.7 Unemployment rate, average % 8.8 7.5 6.0 3.4 10.8 8.1 13.8 10.0 Colombia Real GDP growth, y/y % change 5.0 3.5 6.8 4.8 3.6 4.0 0.0 5.0 Unemployment rate, average % 13.7 11.2 12.0 8.2 15.6 11.8 18.6 13.7 Caribbean Real GDP growth, y/y % change 4.9 4.1 6.2 4.9 3.9 4.6 0.3 5.6 Global WTI oil price, average USD/bbl 69 70 75 86 61 67 57 57 Copper price, average USD/lb 4.20 4.20 4.36 4.78 3.93 4.05 3.81 3.62 Global GDP, y/y % change 5.07 3.02 6.54 3.90 2.44 3.68 -0.69 4.48 (iii) Sensitivity The weighting of these multiple scenarios increased our reported allowance for credit losses for financial assets in Stage 1 and Stage 2, relative to our base case scenario, to $3,847 million (2021 – $4,076 million) from $3,609 million (2021 – $3,998 million). If we were to only use our very pessimistic scenario for the measurement of allowance for credit losses for such assets, our allowance for credit losses on performing financial instruments would be Under our current probability-weighted scenarios, if all of our performing financial assets were in Stage 1, reflecting a 12 month expected loss period, the allowance for credit losses would be $521 million (2021 – $407 million) lower than the reported allowance for credit losses on performing financial assets. (iv) Allowance for credit losses ($ millions) Balance as at November 1, 2021 Provision for Net write-offs Other, including Balance as at October 31, 2022 Residential mortgages $ 802 $ 85 $ (45 ) $ 57 $ 899 Personal loans 2,341 615 (863 ) 44 2,137 Credit cards 1,211 469 (612 ) 15 1,083 Business and government 1,374 213 (206 ) (13 ) 1,368 $ 5,728 $ 1,382 $ (1,726 ) $ 103 $ 5,487 Presented as: Allowance for credit losses on loans $ 5,626 $ 5,348 Allowance for credit losses on acceptances 37 31 Allowance for credit losses on off-balance 65 108 ($ millions) Balance as at November 1, 2020 Provision for Net write-offs Other, including Balance as at October 31, 2021 Residential mortgages $ 884 $ 91 $ (84 ) $ (89 ) $ 802 Personal loans 3,155 928 (1,559 ) (183 ) 2,341 Credit cards 1,886 772 (1,340 ) (107 ) 1,211 Business and government 1,892 17 (375 ) (160 ) 1,374 $ 7,817 $ 1,808 $ (3,358 ) $ (539 ) $ 5,728 Presented as: Allowance for credit losses on loans $ 7,639 $ 5,626 Allowance for credit losses on acceptances 77 37 Allowance for credit losses on off-balance 101 65 Allowance for credit losses on loans As at October 31, 2022 ($ millions) Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total Residential mortgages $ 197 $ 296 $ 406 $ 899 Personal loans 665 921 551 2,137 Credit cards 436 647 – 1,083 Business and government 255 296 678 1,229 Total (1) $ 1,553 $ 2,160 $ 1,635 $ 5,348 (1) Excludes allowance for credit losses for other financial assets including acceptances, investment securities, deposits with banks, off-balance sheet credit risks and reverse repos which As at October 31, 2021 ($ millions) Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total Residential mortgages $ 152 $ 276 $ 374 $ 802 Personal loans 644 1,071 626 2,341 Credit cards 352 859 – 1,211 Business and government 186 431 655 1,272 Total (1) $ 1,334 $ 2,637 $ 1,655 $ 5,626 (1) Excludes allowance for credit losses for other financial assets including acceptances, investment securities, deposits with banks and off-balance The following tabl e As at October 31, 2022 As at October 31, 2021 ($ millions) Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total Residential mortgages Balance at beginning of the year $ 152 $ 276 $ 374 $ 802 $ 190 $ 302 $ 392 $ 884 Provision for credit losses Remeasurement (1) (54 ) 43 80 69 (143 ) 70 149 76 Newly originated or purchased financial assets 34 – – 34 49 – – 49 Derecognition of financial assets and maturities (5 ) (13 ) – (18 ) (10 ) (24 ) – (34 ) Changes in models and methodologies – – – – – – – – Transfer to (from): Stage 1 65 (52 ) (13 ) – 88 (74 ) (14 ) – Stage 2 (9 ) 46 (37 ) – (12 ) 62 (50 ) – Stage 3 – (19 ) 19 – – (32 ) 32 – Gross write-offs – – (73 ) (73 ) – – (111 ) (111 ) Recoveries – – 28 28 – – 27 27 Foreign exchange and other movements (6) 14 15 28 57 (10 ) (28 ) (51 ) (89 ) Balance at end of year (2) $ 197 $ 296 $ 406 $ 899 $ 152 $ 276 $ 374 $ 802 Personal loans Balance at beginning of the year $ 644 $ 1,071 $ 626 $ 2,341 $ 864 $ 1,471 $ 820 $ 3,155 Provision for credit losses Remeasurement (1) (579 ) 441 609 471 (1,119 ) 1,023 984 888 Newly originated or purchased financial assets 338 – – 338 525 – – 525 Derecognition of financial assets and maturities (76 ) (118 ) – (194 ) (171 ) (314 ) – (485 ) Changes in models and methodologies – – – – – – – – Transfer to (from): Stage 1 467 (457 ) (10 ) – 882 (869 ) (13 ) – Stage 2 (133 ) 192 (59 ) – (253 ) 325 (72 ) – Stage 3 (5 ) (221 ) 226 – (43 ) (487 ) 530 – Gross write-offs – – (1,116 ) (1,116 ) – – (1,833 ) (1,833 ) Recoveries – – 253 253 – – 274 274 Foreign exchange and other movements (6) 9 13 22 44 (41 ) (78 ) (64 ) (183 ) Balance at end of year (2) $ 665 $ 921 $ 551 $ 2,137 $ 644 $ 1,071 $ 626 $ 2,341 Credit cards Balance at beginning of the year $ 352 $ 859 $ – $ 1,211 $ 501 $ 1,385 $ – $ 1,886 Provision for credit losses Remeasurement (1) (176 ) 141 449 414 (452 ) 299 972 819 Newly originated or purchased financial assets 146 – – 146 117 – – 117 Derecognition of financial assets and maturities (51 ) (40 ) – (91 ) (70 ) (94 ) – (164 ) Changes in models and methodologies – – – – – – – – Transfer to (from): Stage 1 240 (240 ) – – 382 (382 ) – – Stage 2 (77 ) 77 – – (103 ) 103 – – Stage 3 – (152 ) 152 – – (389 ) 389 – Gross write-offs – – (791 ) (791 ) – – (1,543 ) (1,543 ) Recoveries – – 179 179 – – 203 203 Foreign exchange and other movements (6) 2 2 11 15 (23 ) (63 ) (21 ) (107 ) Balance at end of year (2) $ 436 $ 647 $ – $ 1,083 $ 352 $ 859 $ – $ 1,211 Total retail loans Balance at beginning of the year $ 1,148 $ 2,206 $ 1,000 $ 4,354 $ 1,555 $ 3,158 $ 1,212 $ 5,925 Provision for credit losses – – – – – – – – Remeasurement (1) (809 ) 625 1,138 954 (1,714 ) 1,392 2,105 1,783 Newly originated or purchased financial assets 518 – – 518 691 – – 691 Derecognition of financial assets and maturities (132 ) (171 ) – (303 ) (251 ) (432 ) – (683 ) Changes in models and methodologies – – – – – – – – Transfer to (from): – – – – – – – – Stage 1 772 (749 ) (23 ) – 1,352 (1,325 ) (27 ) – Stage 2 (219 ) 315 (96 ) – (368 ) 490 (122 ) – Stage 3 (5 ) (392 ) 397 – (43 ) (908 ) 951 – Gross write-offs – – (1,980 ) (1,980 ) – – (3,487 ) (3,487 ) Recoveries – – 460 460 – – 504 504 Foreign exchange and other movements (6) 25 30 61 116 (74 ) (169 ) (136 ) (379 ) Balance at end of year (2) $ 1,298 $ 1,864 $ 957 $ 4,119 $ 1,148 $ 2,206 $ 1,000 $ 4,354 Business and government Balance at beginning of the year $ 212 $ 470 $ 655 $ 1,337 $ 478 $ 592 $ 745 $ 1,815 Provision for credit losses Remeasurement (1) (79 ) (36 ) 302 187 (262 ) 11 402 151 Newly originated or purchased financial assets 310 – – 310 325 – – 325 Derecognition of financial assets and maturities (255 ) (89 ) (30 ) (374 ) (320 ) (72 ) (11 ) (403 ) Changes in models and methodologies 30 57 – 87 (4 ) (11 ) – (15 ) Transfer to (from): Stage 1 118 (118 ) – – 66 (66 ) – – Stage 2 (27 ) 29 (2 ) – (53 ) 54 (1 ) – Stage 3 – (8 ) 8 – – (9 ) 9 – Gross write-offs – – (318 ) (318 ) – – (414 ) (414 ) Recoveries – – 112 112 – – 39 39 Foreign exchange and other movements 13 15 (32 ) (4 ) (18 ) (29 ) (114 ) (161 ) Balance at end of period including off-balance (2) $ 322 $ 320 $ 695 $ 1,337 $ 212 $ 470 $ 655 $ 1,337 Less: Allowance for credits losses on off-balance (2)(3) 67 24 17 108 26 39 – 65 Balance at end of year (2) $ 255 $ 296 $ 678 $ 1,229 $ 186 $ 431 $ 655 $ 1,272 (1) Includes credit risk changes as a result of significant increases in credit risk, changes in credit risk that did not result in a transfer between stages, changes in model inputs and assumptions and changes due to drawdowns of undrawn commitments. (2) Interest income on impaired loans for residential mortgages, personal loans, credit cards, and business and government loans totaled $274 (2021 – $270). (3) Allowance for credit losses on off-balance (4) Allowance for credit losses on acceptances are recorded against the financial asset in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. (5) During the year ended October 31, 2022, the contractual terms of certain financial assets were modified where the modification did not result in derecognition. The carrying value of such loans that were modified in Stage 2 and Stage 3 was $1,567 and $600 respectively, before the modification. (6) Divestitures are included in the foreign exchange and other movements. (f) Carrying value of exposures by risk rating Residential mortgages As at October 31, 2022 As at October 31, 2021 Category of PD grades ($ millions) Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 (1) Total Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 (1) Total Very low $ 208,526 $ 635 $ – $ 209,161 $ 187,163 $ 5,610 $ – $ 192,773 Low 90,745 1,172 – 91,917 69,306 1,768 – 71,074 Medium 18,399 1,032 – 19,431 9,170 3,690 – 12,860 High 2,759 2,680 – 5,439 904 2,284 – 3,188 Very high 53 1,429 – 1,482 16 643 – 659 Loans not graded (2) 19,276 1,187 – 20,463 34,122 3,671 – 37,793 Default – – 1,386 1,386 – – 1,331 1,331 Total 339,758 8,135 1,386 349,279 300,681 17,666 1,331 319,678 Allowance for credit losses 197 296 406 899 152 276 374 802 Carrying value $ 339,561 $ 7,839 $ 980 $ 348,380 $ 300,529 $ 17,390 $ 957 $ 318,876 (1) Stage 3 includes purchased or originated credit-impaired loans. (2) Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category. Personal loans As at October 31, 2022 As at October 31, 2021 Category of PD grades ($ millions) Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 (1) Total Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 (1) Total Very low $ 30,098 $ 285 $ – $ 30,383 $ 30,085 $ 168 $ – $ 30,253 Low 27,284 685 – 27,969 25,719 574 – 26,293 Medium 8,789 1,464 – 10,253 8,290 1,127 – 9,417 High 7,059 2,275 – 9,334 5,686 2,307 – 7,993 Very high 81 1,655 – 1,736 82 1,157 – 1,239 Loans not graded (2) 17,371 1,537 – 18,908 14,159 1,353 – 15,512 Default – – 848 848 – – 833 833 Total 90,682 7,901 848 99,431 84,021 6,686 833 91,540 Allowance for credit losses 665 921 551 2,137 644 1,071 626 2,341 Carrying value $ 90,017 $ 6,980 $ 297 $ 97,294 $ 83,377 $ 5,615 $ 207 $ 89,199 (1) Stage 3 includes purchased or originated credit-impaired loans. (2) Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category. Credit cards As at October 31, 2022 As at October 31, 2021 Category of PD grades ($ millions) Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total Very low $ 1,813 $ 47 $ – $ 1,860 $ 1,517 $ 76 $ – $ 1,593 Low 2,756 159 – 2,915 2,288 135 – 2,423 Medium 3,434 190 – 3,624 2,666 166 – 2,832 High 3,042 998 – 4,040 2,237 1,225 – 3,462 Very high 36 587 – 623 21 509 – 530 Loans not graded (1) 997 459 – 1,456 1,158 452 – 1,610 Default – – – – – – – – Total 12,078 2,440 – 14,518 9,887 2,563 – 12,450 Allowance for credit losses 436 647 – 1,083 352 859 – 1,211 Carrying value $ 11,642 $ 1,793 $ – $ 13,435 $ 9,535 $ 1,704 $ – $ 11,239 (1) Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category. Undrawn loan commitments – As at October 31, 2022 As at October 31, 2021 Category of PD grades ($ millions) Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total Very low $ 98,973 $ 6 $ – $ 98,979 $ 88,308 $ 14 $ – $ 88,322 Low 19,196 9 – 19,205 17,880 12 – 17,892 Medium 7,880 44 – 7,924 6,858 36 – 6,894 High 3,700 307 – 4,007 3,103 745 – 3,848 Very high 34 354 – 388 24 212 – 236 Loans not graded (1) 8,316 1,667 – 9,983 9,126 2,204 – 11,330 Default – – – – – – – – Carrying value $ 138,099 $ 2,387 $ – $ 140,486 $ 125,299 $ 3,223 $ – $ 128,522 (1) Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category. Total retail loans As at October 31, 2022 As at October 31, 2021 Category of PD grades ($ millions) Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 (1) Total Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 (1) Total Very low $ 339,410 $ 973 $ – $ 340,383 $ 307,073 $ 5,868 $ – $ 312,941 Low 139,981 2,025 – 142,006 115,193 2,489 – 117,682 Medium 38,502 2,730 – 41,232 26,984 5,019 – 32,003 High 16,560 6,260 – 22,820 11,930 6,561 – 18,491 Very high 204 4,025 – 4,229 143 2,521 – 2,664 Loans not graded (2) 45,960 4,850 – 50,810 58,565 7,680 – 66,245 Default – – 2,234 2,234 – – 2,164 2,164 Total 580,617 20,863 2,234 603,714 519,888 30,138 2,164 552,190 Allowance for credit losses 1,298 1,864 957 4,119 1,148 2,206 1,000 4,354 Carrying value $ 579,319 $ 18,999 $ 1,277 $ 599,595 $ 518,740 $ 27,932 $ 1,164 $ 547,836 (1) Stage 3 includes purchased or originated credit-impaired loans. (2) Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category. Business and government loans As at October 31, 2022 As at October 31, 2021 Category of PD grades ($ millions) Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 (1) Total Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 (1) Total Investment grade $ 162,696 $ 1,775 $ – $ 164,471 $ 110,786 $ 892 $ – $ 111,678 Non-Investment 105,251 9,563 – 114,814 91,945 7,570 – 99,515 Watch list 22 2,890 – 2,912 31 3,266 – 3,297 Loans not graded (2) 2,346 12 – 2,358 2,151 11 – 2,162 Default – – 2,552 2,552 – – 2,292 2,292 Total 270,315 14,240 2,552 287,107 204,913 11,739 2,292 218,944 Allowance for credit losses 255 296 678 1,229 186 431 655 1,272 Carrying value $ 270,060 $ 13,944 $ 1,874 $ 285,878 $ 204,727 $ 11,308 $ 1,637 $ 217,672 (1) Stage 3 includes purchased or originated credit-impaired loans. (2) Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category. Undrawn loan commitments – As at October 31, 2022 As at October 31, 2021 Category of PD grades ($ millions) Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 (1) Total Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 (1) Total Investment grade $ 222,734 $ 1,502 $ – $ 224,236 $ 186,056 $ 1,266 $ – $ 187,322 Non-investment 62,827 4,534 – 67,361 66,009 3,786 – 69,795 Watch list 4 604 – 608 12 2,160 – 2,172 Loans not graded (2) 4,573 – – 4,573 4,155 – – 4,155 Default – – 139 139 – – 102 102 Total 290,138 6,640 139 296,917 256,232 7,212 102 263,546 Allowance for credit losses 67 24 17 108 26 39 – 65 Carrying value $ 290,071 $ 6,616 $ 122 $ 296,809 $ 256,206 $ 7,173 $ 102 $ 263,481 (1) Stage 3 includes purchased or originated credit-impaired loans. (2) Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category. Total non-retail As at October 31, 2022 As at October 31, 2021 Category of PD grades ($ millions) Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 (1) Total Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 (1) Total Investment grade $ 385,430 $ 3,277 $ – $ 388,707 $ 296,842 $ 2,158 $ – $ 299,000 Non-investment 168,078 14,097 – 182,175 157,954 11,356 – 169,310 Watch list 26 3,494 – 3,520 43 5,426 – 5,469 Loans not graded (2) 6,919 12 – 6,931 6,306 11 – 6,317 Default – – 2,691 2,691 – – 2,394 2,394 Total 560,453 20,880 2,691 584,024 461,145 18,951 2,394 482,490 Allowance for credit losses 322 320 695 1,337 212 470 655 1,337 Carrying value $ 560,131 $ 20,560 $ 1,996 $ 582,687 $ 460,933 $ 18,481 $ 1,739 $ 481,153 (1) Stage 3 includes purchased or originated credit-impaired loans. (2) Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category. (g) Loans past due but not impaired (1) A loan is considered past due when a counterparty has not made a payment by the contractual due date. The following carrying where borrowers have opted to participate in payment def e 2022 (2) 2021 (2) As at October 31 ($ millions) 31 – 60 61 – 90 91 days (3) Total 31 – 60 61 – 90 91 days (3) Total Residential mortgages $ 1,015 $ 482 $ – $ 1,497 $ 732 $ 327 $ – $ 1,059 Personal loans 505 254 – 759 411 210 – 621 Credit cards 173 113 249 535 125 83 201 409 Business and government 122 47 – 169 124 24 – 148 Total $ 1,815 $ 896 $ 249 $ 2,960 $ 1,392 $ 644 $ 201 $ 2,237 (1) Loans past due 30 days or less are not presented in this analysis as they are not administratively considered past due. (2) For loans where payment deferrals were granted, deferred payments are not considered past due and such loans are not aged further during the deferral period. Regular ageing of the loans resumes, after the end of the deferral period. (3) All loans that are over 90 days past due are considered impaired with the exception of credit card receivables which are considered impaired when 180 days past due. (h) Purchased credit-impaired loans Certain financial assets including loans are credit-impaired on initial recognition either through acquisition or origination. The following table provides details of such assets: As at October 31 ($ millions) 2022 2021 Unpaid principal balance (1) $ 309 $ 303 Credit related fair value adjustments (70 ) (68 ) Carrying value 239 235 Stage 3 allowance (2 ) (1 ) Carrying value net of related allowance $ 237 $ 234 (1) Represents principal amount owed net of write-offs. |