Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits | Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits The accounting standards related to employers’ accounting for defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans requires the Company to recognize the funded status of its defined benefit postretirement plans as assets or liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and to recognize changes in the funded status of the plans in comprehensive income. The Company has various defined contribution plans, the largest of which is its Retirement Savings Plan. Most U.S. salaried and non-union hourly employees are eligible to participate in this plan. See Note 16 for further discussion of the Retirement Savings Plan. The Company also maintains various other defined contribution plans which cover certain other employees. Company contributions under these plans are based primarily on the performance of the business units and employee compensation. Contribution expense under these other defined contribution plans was $6,644 , $5,907 and $5,347 in 2017 , 2016 and 2015 , respectively. Defined benefit pension plans in the U.S. cover a majority of the Company’s U.S. employees at the Associated Spring and Nitrogen Gas Products businesses of Industrial, the Company’s Corporate Office and certain former U.S. employees, including retirees. Plan benefits for salaried and non-union hourly employees are based on years of service and average salary. Plans covering union hourly employees provide benefits based on years of service. In 2012, the Company closed the U.S. salaried defined benefit pension plan (the "U.S. Salaried Plan") to employees hired on or after January 1, 2013, with no impact to the benefits of existing participants. Effective January 1, 2013, the Retirement Savings Plan was amended to provide certain salaried employees hired on or after January 1, 2013 with an additional annual retirement contribution of 4% of eligible earnings, in place of pensionable benefits under the closed U.S. Salaried Plan. The Company funds U.S. pension costs in accordance with the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”). Non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans cover certain employees of certain international locations in Europe and Canada. The Company provides other medical, dental and life insurance postretirement benefits for certain of its retired employees in the U.S. and Canada. It is the Company’s practice to fund these benefits as incurred. The accompanying balance sheets reflect the funded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Reconciliations of the obligations and funded status of the plans follow: 2017 2016 U.S. Non-U.S. Total U.S. Non-U.S. Total Benefit obligation, January 1 $ 389,613 $ 104,339 $ 493,952 $ 385,629 $ 75,406 $ 461,035 Service cost 3,931 2,124 6,055 3,892 1,503 5,395 Interest cost 17,151 1,668 18,819 17,523 1,971 19,494 Amendments 1,233 27 1,260 2,405 (174 ) 2,231 Actuarial loss (gain) 28,350 (4,397 ) 23,953 6,661 10,814 17,475 Benefits paid (24,909 ) (4,240 ) (29,149 ) (26,497 ) (4,691 ) (31,188 ) Transfers in — 2,743 2,743 — 25,968 25,968 Plan curtailments — (7,030 ) (7,030 ) — — — Plan settlements — (21,074 ) (21,074 ) — — — Participant contributions — 1,355 1,355 — 1,444 1,444 Foreign exchange rate changes — 7,226 7,226 — (7,902 ) (7,902 ) Benefit obligation, December 31 415,369 82,741 498,110 389,613 104,339 493,952 Fair value of plan assets, January 1 331,260 85,652 416,912 326,829 68,553 395,382 Actual return on plan assets 56,131 6,150 62,281 13,051 7,276 20,327 Company contributions 12,896 2,027 14,923 17,877 2,224 20,101 Participant contributions — 1,355 1,355 — 1,444 1,444 Benefits paid (24,909 ) (4,240 ) (29,149 ) (26,497 ) (4,691 ) (31,188 ) Plan settlements — (20,857 ) (20,857 ) — — — Transfers in — 2,743 2,743 — 18,320 18,320 Foreign exchange rate changes — 6,230 6,230 — (7,474 ) (7,474 ) Fair value of plan assets, December 31 375,378 79,060 454,438 331,260 85,652 416,912 Underfunded status, December 31 $ (39,991 ) $ (3,681 ) $ (43,672 ) $ (58,353 ) $ (18,687 ) $ (77,040 ) In 2017, the Company authorized the closure of it's FOBOHA facility located in Muri, Switzerland, resulting in the pension curtailments and settlements noted above. See Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to this Closure. Projected benefit obligations related to pension plans with benefit obligations in excess of plan assets follow: 2017 2016 U.S. Non-U.S. Total U.S. Non-U.S. Total Projected benefit obligation $ 311,320 $ 40,931 $ 352,251 $ 389,613 $ 61,060 $ 450,673 Fair value of plan assets 267,087 26,205 293,292 331,260 39,356 370,616 Information related to pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets follows: 2017 2016 U.S. Non-U.S. Total U.S. Non-U.S. Total Projected benefit obligation $ 40,572 $ 40,931 $ 81,503 $ 389,613 $ 61,014 $ 450,627 Accumulated benefit obligation 40,090 40,877 80,967 378,431 59,568 437,999 Fair value of plan assets 4,797 26,205 31,002 331,260 39,356 370,616 The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $485,777 and $481,241 at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively. Amounts related to pensions recognized in the accompanying balance sheets consist of: 2017 2016 U.S. Non-U.S. Total U.S. Non-U.S. Total Other assets $ 4,242 $ 11,045 $ 15,287 $ — $ 3,017 $ 3,017 Accrued liabilities 2,823 407 3,230 2,813 367 3,180 Accrued retirement benefits 41,410 14,319 55,729 55,540 21,337 76,877 Accumulated other non-owner changes to equity, net (84,990 ) (13,016 ) (98,006 ) (91,530 ) (19,458 ) (110,988 ) Amounts related to pensions recognized in accumulated other non-owner changes to equity, net of tax, at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, consist of: 2017 2016 U.S. Non-U.S. Total U.S. Non-U.S. Total Net actuarial loss $ (82,736 ) $ (13,237 ) $ (95,973 ) $ (89,772 ) $ (19,822 ) $ (109,594 ) Prior service costs (2,254 ) 221 (2,033 ) (1,758 ) 364 (1,394 ) $ (84,990 ) $ (13,016 ) $ (98,006 ) $ (91,530 ) $ (19,458 ) $ (110,988 ) The accompanying balance sheets reflect the underfunded status of the Company’s other postretirement benefit plans at December 31, 2017 and 2016 . Reconciliations of the obligations and underfunded status of the plans follow: 2017 2016 Benefit obligation, January 1 $ 36,853 $ 41,706 Service cost 83 122 Interest cost 1,561 1,766 Actuarial loss (gain) 3,806 (3,495 ) Benefits paid (7,251 ) (5,621 ) Participant contributions 2,209 2,281 Foreign exchange rate changes 309 94 Benefit obligation, December 31 37,570 36,853 Fair value of plan assets, January 1 — — Company contributions 5,042 3,340 Participant contributions 2,209 2,281 Benefits paid (7,251 ) (5,621 ) Fair value of plan assets, December 31 — — Underfunded status, December 31 $ 37,570 $ 36,853 Amounts related to other postretirement benefits recognized in the accompanying balance sheets consist of: 2017 2016 Accrued liabilities $ 5,064 $ 5,081 Accrued retirement benefits 32,506 31,772 Accumulated other non-owner changes to equity, net (5,838 ) (3,582 ) Amounts related to other postretirement benefits recognized in accumulated other non-owner changes to equity, net of tax, at December 31, 2017 and 2016 consist of: 2017 2016 Net actuarial loss $ (5,746 ) $ (3,532 ) Prior service loss (92 ) (50 ) $ (5,838 ) $ (3,582 ) The sources of changes in accumulated other non-owner changes to equity, net, during 2017 were: Pension Other Postretirement Benefits Prior service cost $ (800 ) $ — Net (loss) gain 7,787 (2,392 ) Amortization of prior service (credits) costs 117 (43 ) Amortization of actuarial loss 7,140 170 Foreign exchange rate changes (1,262 ) 9 $ 12,982 $ (2,256 ) Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of December 31, are: 2017 2016 U.S. plans: Discount rate 3.90 % 4.50 % Increase in compensation 2.56 % 2.56 % Non-U.S. plans: Discount rate 1.90 % 1.60 % Increase in compensation 2.17 % 2.29 % The investment strategy of the plans is to generate a consistent total investment return sufficient to pay present and future plan benefits to retirees, while minimizing the long-term cost to the Company. Target allocations for asset categories are used to earn a reasonable rate of return, provide required liquidity and minimize the risk of large losses. Targets may be adjusted, as necessary, to reflect trends and developments within the overall investment environment. The weighted-average target investment allocations by asset category were as follows during 2017 : 65% in equity securities and 35% in fixed income securities, including cash. The fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , by asset category are as follows: Fair Value Measurements Using Asset Category Total Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) December 31, 2017 Cash and short-term investments $ 10,731 $ 10,731 $ — $ — Equity securities: U.S. large-cap 46,786 — 46,786 — U.S. mid-cap 15,576 15,576 — — U.S. small-cap 16,157 16,157 — — International equities 159,803 — 159,803 — Global equity 51,945 51,945 — — Fixed income securities: U.S. bond funds 109,033 — 109,033 — International bonds 41,742 — 41,742 — Other 2,665 — — 2,665 $ 454,438 $ 94,409 $ 357,364 $ 2,665 December 31, 2016 Cash and short-term investments 3,207 3,207 — — Equity securities: U.S. large-cap 39,162 — 39,162 — U.S. mid-cap 12,724 12,724 — — U.S. small-cap 19,551 19,551 — — International equities 135,514 — 135,514 — Global equity 47,445 47,445 — — Fixed income securities: U.S. bond funds 103,399 — 103,399 — International bonds 53,783 — 53,783 — Other 2,127 — — 2,127 $ 416,912 $ 82,927 $ 331,858 $ 2,127 The fair values of the Level 1 assets are based on quoted market prices from various financial exchanges. The fair values of the Level 2 assets are based primarily on quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities. The Level 2 assets are comprised primarily of commingled funds and fixed income securities. Commingled equity funds are valued at their net asset values based on quoted market prices of the underlying assets. Fixed income securities are valued using a market approach which considers observable market data for the underlying asset or securities. The Level 3 assets relate to the defined benefit pension plan at the Synventive business. These pension assets are fully insured and have been estimated based on accrued pension rights and actuarial rates. These pension assets are limited to fulfilling the Company's pension obligations. The Company expects to contribute approximately $4,600 to the pension plans in 2018 . No contributions to the U.S. Qualified pension plans, specifically, are required, and the Company does not currently plan to make any discretionary contributions to such plans in 2018. The following are the estimated future net benefit payments, which include future service, over the next 10 years: Pensions Other Postretirement Benefits 2018 $ 29,261 $ 3,653 2019 29,243 3,485 2020 29,086 3,204 2021 29,205 3,014 2022 29,378 2,848 Years 2023-2027 144,074 11,722 Total $ 290,247 $ 27,926 Pension and other postretirement benefit costs consist of the following: Pensions Other Postretirement Benefits 2017 2016 2015 2017 2016 2015 Service cost $ 6,055 $ 5,395 $ 5,508 $ 83 $ 122 $ 145 Interest cost 18,819 19,494 20,019 1,561 1,766 1,836 Expected return on plan assets (28,082 ) (30,302 ) (32,404 ) — — — Amortization of prior service cost (credit) 446 210 305 (68 ) (373 ) (564 ) Recognized losses 10,557 10,791 15,004 276 535 1,011 Curtailment gain (7,217 ) — — — — — Settlement (gain) loss (119 ) — 9,939 — — — Net periodic benefit cost $ 459 $ 5,588 $ 18,371 $ 1,852 $ 2,050 $ 2,428 In 2015, the Company announced a limited-time program offering (the "Program") to certain eligible, vested, terminated participants ("eligible participants") for a voluntary lump-sum pension payout or reduced annuity option that, if accepted, would settle the Company's pension obligation to them. The Program provided the eligible participants with a limited time opportunity of electing to receive a lump-sum settlement of their remaining pension benefit, or reduced annuity. The resultant pre-tax settlement charge of $9,856 represents accelerated amortization of actuarial losses and is included the settlement loss above. This settlement charge was reflected within costs of sales and selling and administrative expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Closure of the Company's FOBOHA facility located in Muri, Switzerland, as discussed above, resulted in a pre-tax curtailment gain of $7,217 during the 2017 period. See Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. The estimated net actuarial loss and prior service cost for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other non-owner changes to equity into net periodic benefit cost in 2018 are $11,222 and $562 , respectively. The estimated net actuarial loss and prior service credit for other defined benefit postretirement plans that will be amortized from accumulated other non-owner changes to equity into net periodic benefit cost in 2018 are $641 and $20 , respectively. Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for years ended December 31, are: 2017 2016 2015 U.S. plans: Discount rate 4.50 % 4.65 % 4.25 % Long-term rate of return 7.75 % 8.25 % 8.25 % Increase in compensation 2.56 % 3.71 % 3.71 % Non-U.S. plans: Discount rate 1.60 % 2.80 % 2.74 % Long-term rate of return 3.59 % 4.73 % 5.00 % Increase in compensation 2.29 % 2.71 % 2.72 % The expected long-term rate of return is based on consideration of projected rates of return and the historical rates of return of published indices that reflect the plans’ target asset allocation. The Company’s accumulated postretirement benefit obligations, exclusive of pensions, take into account certain cost-sharing provisions. The annual rate of increase in the cost of covered benefits (i.e., health care cost trend rate) is assumed to be 6.86% and 6.44% at December 31, 2017 and 2016 , respectively, decreasing gradually to a rate of 4.50% by December 31, 2038 . A one percentage point change in the assumed health care cost trend rate would have the following effects: One Percentage Point Increase One Percentage Point Decrease Effect on postretirement benefit obligation $ 261 $ (242 ) Effect on postretirement benefit cost 11 (10 ) The Company actively contributes to a Swedish pension plan that supplements the Swedish social insurance system. The pension plan guarantees employees a pension based on a percentage of their salary and represents a multi-employer pension plan, however the pension plan was not significant in any year presented. This pension plan is not underfunded. Contributions related to the individually insignificant multi-employer plans, as disclosure is required pursuant to the applicable accounting standards, are as follows: Contributions by the Company Pension Fund: 2017 2016 2015 Swedish Pension Plan 739 $ 673 $ 343 Total Contributions $ 739 $ 673 $ 343 |