Fair value of financial instruments | Note 3 Fair value of financial instruments Carrying value and fair value of financial instruments The following tables provide a comparison of the carrying values and fair values for financial instruments classified or designated as fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) and fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI). Embedded derivatives are presented on a combined basis with the host contracts. Refer to Note 2 and Note 3 of our audited 2021 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the valuation techniques and inputs used in the fair value measurement of our financial instruments. There have been no significant changes to our determination of fair value during the quarter. As at July 31, 2022 Carrying value and fair value Carrying value Fair value (Millions of Canadian dollars) Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Total carrying Total fair value Financial assets Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ – $ 86,863 $ – $ – $ 11,282 $ 11,282 $ 98,145 $ 98,145 Securities Trading 131,696 10,290 – – – – 141,986 141,986 Investment, net of applicable allowance – – 82,069 536 74,204 70,565 156,809 153,170 131,696 10,290 82,069 536 74,204 70,565 298,795 295,156 Assets purchased under reverse repurchase 268,448 – – – 50,117 50,117 318,565 318,565 Loans, net of applicable allowance Retail 66 274 207 – 535,600 510,000 536,147 510,547 Wholesale 7,697 3,186 592 – 248,692 243,385 260,167 254,860 7,763 3,460 799 – 784,292 753,385 796,314 765,407 Other Derivatives 122,058 – – – – – 122,058 122,058 Other assets (1) 3,923 – – – 68,922 68,922 72,845 72,845 Financial liabilities Deposits Personal $ 297 $ 18,667 $ 373,303 $ 371,179 $ 392,267 $ 390,143 Business and government (2) 539 147,842 591,086 589,726 739,467 738,107 Bank (3) – 9,979 36,891 36,881 46,870 46,860 836 176,488 1,001,280 997,786 1,178,604 1,175,110 Other Obligations related to securities sold short 38,504 – – – 38,504 38,504 Obligations related to assets sold under – 259,108 22,041 22,041 281,149 281,149 Derivatives 119,868 – – – 119,868 119,868 Other liabilities (4) 357 73 73,798 73,665 74,228 74,095 Subordinated debentures – – 10,111 9,850 10,111 9,850 As at October 31, 2021 Carrying value and fair value Carrying value Fair value (Millions of Canadian dollars) Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Financial Total carrying Total fair value Financial assets Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ – $ 56,896 $ – $ – $ 22,742 $ 22,742 $ 79,638 $ 79,638 Securities Trading 125,801 13,439 – – – – 139,240 139,240 Investment, net of applicable allowance – – 77,802 533 67,149 66,823 145,484 145,158 125,801 13,439 77,802 533 67,149 66,823 284,724 284,398 Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed 265,011 – – – 42,892 42,892 307,903 307,903 Loans, net of applicable allowance Retail – 241 327 – 500,621 502,277 501,189 502,845 Wholesale 8,428 2,769 813 – 204,376 204,683 216,386 216,693 8,428 3,010 1,140 – 704,997 706,960 717,575 719,538 Other Derivatives 95,541 – – – – – 95,541 95,541 Other assets (1) 4,109 – – – 58,483 58,483 62,592 62,592 Financial liabilities Deposits Personal $ 321 $ 18,328 $ 343,839 $ 344,040 $ 362,488 $ 362,689 Business and government (2) 739 131,630 563,984 565,106 696,353 697,475 Bank (3) – 17,251 24,739 24,743 41,990 41,994 1,060 167,209 932,562 933,889 1,100,831 1,102,158 Other Obligations related to securities sold short 37,841 – – – 37,841 37,841 Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned – 236,147 26,054 26,054 262,201 262,201 Derivatives 91,439 – – – 91,439 91,439 Other liabilities (4) 654 171 64,746 64,749 65,571 65,574 Subordinated debentures – – 9,593 9,601 9,593 9,601 (1) Includes Customers’ liability under acceptances and financial instruments recognized in Other assets. (2) Business and government deposits include deposits from regulated deposit-taking institutions other than banks. (3) Bank deposits refer to deposits from regulated banks and central banks. (4) Includes Acceptances and financial instruments recognized in Other liabilities. Fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified using the fair value hierarchy As at July 31, 2022 October 31, 2021 Fair value measurements using Netting Fair value measurements using Netting adjustments (Millions of Canadian dollars) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fair value Financial assets Interest-bearing deposits with banks $ – $ 86,863 $ – $ $ 86,863 $ – $ 56,896 $ – $ $ 56,896 Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: Canadian government (1) Federal 8,076 3,468 – 11,544 8,977 2,380 – 11,357 Provincial and municipal – 14,071 – 14,071 – 11,068 – 11,068 U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies (1) 594 35,526 10 36,130 215 22,738 25 22,978 Other OECD government (2) 1,894 3,488 – 5,382 2,729 5,730 – 8,459 Mortgage-backed securities (1) – 3 – 3 – 4 – 4 Asset-backed securities – Non-CDO (3) – 1,045 2 1,047 – 891 2 893 Corporate debt and other debt – 21,814 12 21,826 – 23,085 25 23,110 Equities 46,741 3,423 1,819 51,983 56,826 3,015 1,530 61,371 57,305 82,838 1,843 141,986 68,747 68,911 1,582 139,240 Investment Debt issued or guaranteed by: Canadian government (1) Federal 2,079 2,209 – 4,288 1,973 1,730 – 3,703 Provincial and municipal – 3,197 – 3,197 – 3,132 – 3,132 U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies (1) 10 34,934 – 34,944 12 34,815 – 34,827 Other OECD government – 5,542 – 5,542 – 5,956 – 5,956 Mortgage-backed securities (1) – 2,780 22 2,802 – 2,727 20 2,747 Asset-backed securities – CDO – 7,001 – 7,001 – 7,074 – 7,074 Non-CDO – 502 – 502 – 586 – 586 Corporate debt and other debt – 23,641 152 23,793 – 19,625 152 19,777 Equities 41 146 349 536 46 153 334 533 2,130 79,952 523 82,605 2,031 75,798 506 78,335 Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities – 268,448 – 268,448 – 265,011 – 265,011 Loans – 11,128 894 12,022 – 11,501 1,077 12,578 Other Derivatives Interest rate contracts – 30,430 303 30,733 – 33,857 320 34,177 Foreign exchange contracts – 73,181 65 73,246 – 41,224 74 41,298 Credit derivatives – 357 – 357 – 34 – 34 Other contracts 2,803 17,903 188 20,894 3,175 17,955 26 21,156 Valuation adjustments – (1,901 ) 15 (1,886 ) – (819 ) 9 (810 ) Total gross derivatives 2,803 119,970 571 123,344 3,175 92,251 429 95,855 Netting adjustments (1,286 ) (1,286 ) (314 ) (314 ) Total derivatives 122,058 95,541 Other assets 1,242 2,666 15 3,923 1,474 2,635 – 4,109 $ 63,480 $ 651,865 $ 3,846 $ (1,286 ) $ 717,905 $ 75,427 $ 573,003 $ 3,594 $ (314 ) $ 651,710 Financial liabilities Deposits Personal $ – $ 18,783 $ 181 $ $ 18,964 $ – $ 18,498 $ 151 $ $ 18,649 Business and government – 148,381 – 148,381 – 132,369 – 132,369 Bank – 9,979 – 9,979 – 17,251 – 17,251 Other Obligations related to 16,021 22,483 – 38,504 18,345 19,496 – 37,841 Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned – 259,108 – 259,108 – 236,147 – 236,147 Derivatives Interest rate contracts – 27,600 958 28,558 – 28,566 955 29,521 Foreign exchange contracts – 70,782 38 70,820 – 40,484 27 40,511 Credit derivatives – 122 – 122 – 120 – 120 Other contracts 3,439 18,406 583 22,428 3,699 17,456 419 21,574 Valuation adjustments – (768 ) (6 ) (774 ) – 38 (11 ) 27 Total gross derivatives 3,439 116,142 1,573 121,154 3,699 86,664 1,390 91,753 Netting adjustments (1,286 ) (1,286 ) (314 ) (314 ) Total derivatives 119,868 91,439 Other liabilities 295 132 3 430 258 560 7 825 $ 19,755 $ 575,008 $ 1,757 $ (1,286 ) $ 595,234 $ 22,302 $ 510,985 $ 1,548 $ (314 ) $ 534,521 (1) As at July 31, 2022, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities (MBS) included in all fair value levels of trading securities were $12,168 million million millio n (2) Organisation for Economic Co-operation (3) Collateralized debt obligations (CDO). Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 Instruments) A financial instrument is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy if one or more of its unobservable inputs may significantly affect the measurement of its fair value. In preparing the financial statements, appropriate levels for these unobservable input parameters are chosen so that they are consistent with prevailing market evidence or management judgment. Due to the unobservable nature of the prices or rates, there may be uncertainty about the valuation of these Level 3 financial instruments. During the three months ended July 31, 2022, there were no significant changes made to the valuation techniques and ranges and weighted averages of unobservable inputs used in the determination of fair value of Level 3 financial instruments. As at July 31, 2022, the impacts of adjusting one or more of the unobservable inputs by reasonably possible alternative assumptions did not change significantly from the impacts disclosed in our audited 2021 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements. Changes in fair value measurement for instruments measured on a recurring basis and categorized in Level 3 For the three months ended July 31, 2022 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ 16 $ – $ – $ – $ (6 ) $ – $ – $ 10 $ – Asset-backed securities Non-CDO 2 – – – – – – 2 – Corporate debt and other debt 5 – – – (2 ) 9 – 12 – Equities 1,759 (4 ) (4 ) 84 (16 ) – – 1,819 (5 ) 1,782 (4 ) (4 ) 84 (24 ) 9 – 1,843 (5 ) Investment Mortgage-backed securities 21 – 1 – – – – 22 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 149 – 3 – – – – 152 n.a. Equities 349 – (2 ) 2 – – – 349 n.a. 519 – 2 2 – – – 523 n.a. Loans 782 4 (1 ) 136 (3 ) 9 (33 ) 894 7 Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (663 ) 6 – (7 ) (8 ) 15 2 (655 ) – Foreign exchange contracts 24 (13 ) (2 ) 1 (2 ) 9 10 27 (1 ) Other contracts (436 ) 10 2 (23 ) – 10 42 (395 ) 16 Valuation adjustments 28 – – (7 ) – – – 21 – Other assets 15 – – – – – – 15 – $ 2,051 $ 3 $ (3 ) $ 186 $ (37 ) $ 52 $ 21 $ 2,273 $ 17 Liabilities Deposits $ (157 ) $ 3 $ – $ (7 ) $ 6 $ (39 ) $ 13 $ (181 ) $ 5 Other Other liabilities (3 ) – – – – – – (3 ) – $ (160 ) $ 3 $ – $ (7 ) $ 6 $ (39 ) $ 13 $ (184 ) $ 5 For the three months ended July 31, 2021 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ 33 $ – $ 1 $ – $ (5 ) $ – $ – $ 29 $ – Asset-backed securities Non-CDO 2 – – – – – – 2 – Corporate debt and other debt 18 – – 5 1 – – 24 – Equities 1,366 27 13 84 (32 ) – – 1,458 71 1,419 27 14 89 (36 ) – – 1,513 71 Investment Mortgage-backed securities 20 – 1 – – – – 21 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 146 – 7 – 1 – – 154 n.a. Equities 322 – (3 ) 4 (4 ) – – 319 n.a. 488 – 5 4 (3 ) – – 494 n.a. Loans 1,145 13 11 44 (5 ) – (153 ) 1,055 (15 ) Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (666 ) 48 1 (6 ) (4 ) 6 (2 ) (623 ) 47 Foreign exchange contracts 46 5 – (1 ) (13 ) – (2 ) 35 5 Other contracts (341 ) 2 (5 ) – – (50 ) 10 (384 ) (13 ) Valuation adjustments 21 – – – (6 ) – – 15 – Other assets 2 – – – (2 ) – – – – $ 2,114 $ 95 $ 26 $ 130 $ (69 ) $ (44 ) $ (147 ) $ 2,105 $ 95 Liabilities Deposits $ (70 ) $ (7 ) $ – $ (37 ) $ 3 $ (36 ) $ 36 $ (111 ) $ (5 ) Other Other liabilities (11 ) – – – 4 – – (7 ) – $ (81 ) $ (7 ) $ – $ (37 ) $ 7 $ (36 ) $ 36 $ (118 ) $ (5 ) For the nine months ended July 31, 2022 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ 25 $ – $ 1 $ – $ (16 ) $ – $ – $ 10 $ – Asset-backed securities Non-CDO 2 – – – – – – 2 – Corporate debt and other debt 25 (2 ) – – (7 ) 9 (13 ) 12 – Equities 1,530 74 30 245 (61 ) 1 – 1,819 75 1,582 72 31 245 (84 ) 10 (13 ) 1,843 75 Investment Mortgage-backed securities 20 – 2 – – – – 22 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 152 – – – – – – 152 n.a. Equities 334 – 41 10 (1 ) – (35 ) 349 n.a. 506 – 43 10 (1 ) – (35 ) 523 n.a. Loans 1,077 (9 ) (33 ) 353 (465 ) 25 (54 ) 894 (54 ) Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (635 ) (151 ) (2 ) 93 58 15 (33 ) (655 ) 38 Foreign exchange contracts 47 (60 ) (1 ) 22 10 9 – 27 (49 ) Other contracts (393 ) 194 (9 ) (138 ) 48 (183 ) 86 (395 ) 218 Valuation adjustments 20 – – (7 ) (11 ) 19 – 21 – Other assets – – – 15 – – – 15 – $ 2,204 $ 46 $ 29 $ 593 $ (445 ) $ (105 ) $ (49 ) $ 2,273 $ 228 Liabilities Deposits $ (151 ) $ (6 ) $ (1 ) $ (86 ) $ 23 $ (75 ) $ 115 $ (181 ) $ 10 Other Other liabilities (7 ) – – – 4 – – (3 ) – $ (158 ) $ (6 ) $ (1 ) $ (86 ) $ 27 $ (75 ) $ 115 $ (184 ) $ 10 For the nine months ended July 31, 2021 (Millions of Canadian dollars) Fair value Gains (losses) Gains (losses) Purchases Settlement Transfers Transfers Fair value Gains Assets Securities Trading Debt issued or guaranteed by: U.S. state, municipal and agencies $ 44 $ – $ (2 ) $ – $ (13 ) $ – $ – $ 29 $ 1 Asset-backed securities Non-CDO 2 – – – – – – 2 – Corporate debt and other debt 30 (1 ) – 8 (3 ) 14 (24 ) 24 – Equities 1,261 75 (53 ) 248 (98 ) 25 – 1,458 79 1,337 74 (55 ) 256 (114 ) 39 (24 ) 1,513 80 Investment Mortgage-backed securities 27 – (6 ) – – – – 21 n.a. Corporate debt and other debt 160 – (9 ) – 3 – – 154 n.a. Equities 335 – (18 ) 4 (2 ) – – 319 n.a. 522 – (33 ) 4 1 – – 494 n.a. Loans 1,070 (10 ) 2 177 (5 ) 70 (249 ) 1,055 20 Other Net derivative balances (3) Interest rate contracts (588 ) 17 (1 ) 6 (44 ) (3 ) (10 ) (623 ) (18 ) Foreign exchange contracts 22 30 1 14 (27 ) 7 (12 ) 35 (29 ) Other contracts (301 ) 5 8 (56 ) 47 (274 ) 187 (384 ) 15 Valuation adjustments 40 – – – (25 ) – – 15 – Other assets 53 (39 ) (2 ) – (12 ) – – – – $ 2,155 $ 77 $ (80 ) $ 401 $ (179 ) $ (161 ) $ (108 ) $ 2,105 $ 68 Liabilities Deposits $ (139 ) $ (62 ) $ 5 $ (129 ) $ 50 $ (113 ) $ 277 $ (111 ) $ 6 Other Other liabilities (38 ) 22 1 – 8 – – (7 ) 23 $ (177 ) $ (40 ) $ 6 $ (129 ) $ 58 $ (113 ) $ 277 $ (118 ) $ 29 (1) These amounts include the foreign currency translation gains or losses arising on consolidation of foreign subsidiaries relating to the Level 3 instruments, where applicable. The unrealized gains on Investment securities recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI) were $9 million (2) Other includes amortization of premiums or discounts recognized in net income. (3) Net derivatives as at July 31, 2022 included derivative assets of $571 million n.a. not applicable Transfers between fair value hierarchy levels for instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis Transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, and transfers into and out of Level 3 are assumed to occur at the end of the period. For an asset or a liability that transfers into Level 3 during the period, the entire change in fair value for the period is excluded from the Gains (losses) included in earnings for positions still held column of the above reconciliation, whereas for transfers out of Level 3 during the period, the entire change in fair value for the period is included in the same column of the above reconciliation. Transfers between Level 1 and 2 are dependent on whether fair value is obtained on the basis of quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1). During the three months ended July 31, 2022, there were no significant transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 or out of Level 2 to Level 1. Transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 are primarily due to either a change in the market observability for an input, or a change in an unobservable input’s significance to a financial instrument’s fair value. During the three months ended July 31, 2022, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 3 or out of Level 3 to Level 2. Net interest income from financial instruments Interest and dividend income arising from financial assets and financial liabilities and the associated costs of funding are reported in Net interest income. For the three months ended For the nine months (Millions of Canadian dollars) July 31 2022 July 31 2021 July 31 2022 July 31 2021 Interest and dividend income (1), (2) Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss $ 2,879 $ 1,125 $ 5,873 $ 3,377 Financial instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income 312 85 513 279 Financial instruments measured at amortized cost 7,546 5,787 19,487 17,475 10,737 6,997 25,873 21,131 Interest expense (1) Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss 2,346 706 4,292 2,145 Financial instruments measured at amortized cost 2,501 1,239 5,146 4,045 4,847 1,945 9,438 6,190 Net interest income $ 5,890 $ 5,052 $ 16,435 $ 14,941 (1) Excludes the following amounts related to our insurance operations and included in Insurance premiums, investment and fee income in the Interim Consolidated Statements of Income: for the three months ended July 31, 2022, Interest income of $143 million million (2) Includes dividend income for the three months ended July 31, 2022 of $730 milli on |