Registration No. 333-[___________]
BANC OF AMERICA MERRILL LYNCH COMMERCIAL MORTGAGE INC.
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
BANC OF AMERICA MERRILL LYNCH COMMERCIAL MORTGAGE INC.
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)
Leland F. Bunch, III
Senior Vice President
Banc of America Merrill Lynch Commercial Mortgage Inc.
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
If this Form SF-3 is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form SF-3 is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
You should carefully consider the following risks before making an investment decision. In particular, distributions on your certificates will depend on payments received on, and other recoveries with respect to the mortgage loans. Therefore, you should carefully consider the risk factors relating to the mortgage loans and the mortgaged properties.
If any of the following events or circumstances identified as risks actually occur or materialize, your investment could be materially and adversely affected. We note that additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us may also impair your investment.
This prospectus also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks described below and elsewhere in this prospectus.
[RISK FACTORS THAT ARE IDENTIFIED IN BRACKETS WILL BE REMOVED FROM TRANSACTIONS THAT DO NOT HAVE MORTGAGE LOANS, MORTGAGED PROPERTIES OR BORROWER/SPONSOR ENTITIES WITH THE DESCRIBED RISK FACTOR] The Certificates May Not Be a Suitable Investment for You
The certificates will not be suitable investments for all investors. In particular, you should not purchase any class of certificates unless you understand and are able to bear the risk that the yield to maturity and the aggregate amount and timing of distributions on the certificates will be subject to material variability from period to period and give rise to the potential for significant loss over the life of the certificates. The interaction of the foregoing factors and their effects are impossible to predict and are likely to change from time to time. As a result, an investment in the certificates involves substantial risks and uncertainties and should be considered only by sophisticated institutional investors with substantial investment experience with similar types of securities and who have conducted appropriate due diligence on the mortgage loans, the mortgaged properties and the certificates.
Combination or "Layering" of Multiple Risks May Significantly Increase Risk of Loss
Although the various risks discussed in this prospectus are generally described separately, you should consider the potential effects of the interplay of multiple risk factors. Where more than one significant risk factor is present, the risk of loss to an investor in the certificates may be significantly increased.
Risks Related to Market Conditions and Other External Factors
The Volatile Economy, Credit Crisis and Downturn in the Real Estate Market Have Adversely Affected and May Continue To Adversely Affect the Value of CMBS
In recent years, the real estate and securitization markets, including the market for commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS"), experienced significant dislocations, illiquidity and volatility. We cannot assure you that another dislocation in CMBS will not occur.
Any economic downturn may adversely affect the financial resources of borrowers under commercial mortgage loans and may result in their inability to make payments on, or refinance, their outstanding mortgage debt when due or to sell their mortgaged properties for an aggregate amount sufficient to pay off the outstanding debt when due. As a result, distributions of principal and interest on your certificates, and the value of your certificates, could be adversely affected.
Other Events May Affect the Value and Liquidity of Your Investment
Moreover, other types of events, domestic or international, may affect general economic conditions and financial markets:
· | Wars, revolts, terrorist attacks, armed conflicts, energy supply or price disruptions, political crises, natural disasters and man-made disasters may have an adverse effect on the mortgaged properties and/or your certificates; and |
· | Trading activity associated with indices of CMBS may drive spreads on those indices wider than spreads on CMBS, thereby resulting in a decrease in value of such CMBS, including your certificates, and spreads on those indices may be affected by a variety of factors, and may or may not be affected for reasons involving the commercial and multifamily real estate markets and may be affected for reasons that are unknown and cannot be discerned. |
You should consider that the foregoing factors may adversely affect the performance of the mortgage loans and accordingly the performance of the offered certificates.
Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans
Mortgage Loans Are Non-Recourse and Are Not Insured or Guaranteed
The mortgage loans are not insured or guaranteed by any person or entity, governmental or otherwise.
Investors should treat each mortgage loan as a non-recourse loan. If a default occurs, recourse generally may be had only against the specific mortgaged properties and other assets that have been pledged to secure the mortgage loan. Consequently, payment prior to maturity is dependent primarily on the sufficiency of the net operating income of the mortgaged property. Payment at maturity or anticipated repayment date is primarily dependent upon the market value of the mortgaged property or the borrower's ability to refinance the mortgaged property.
Although the mortgage loans generally are non-recourse in nature, certain mortgage loans contain non-recourse carveouts for liabilities such as a result of fraud by the borrower, certain voluntary insolvency proceedings or other matters. Certain mortgage loans set forth under "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Non-Recourse Carveout Limitations" either do not contain non-recourse carveouts or contain material limitations to non-recourse carveouts. Often these obligations are guaranteed by an affiliate of the related borrower, although liability under any such guaranty may be capped or otherwise limited in amount or scope. Furthermore, the guarantor's net worth and liquidity may be less (and in some cases, materially less) than amounts due under the related mortgage loan or the guarantor's sole asset may be its interest in the related borrower. Certain mortgage loans may have the benefit of a general payment guaranty of a portion of the indebtedness under the mortgage loan. In all cases, however, the mortgage loans should be considered to be non-recourse obligations because neither the depositor nor the sponsors make any representation or warranty as to the obligation or ability of any borrower or guarantor to pay any deficiencies between any foreclosure proceeds and the mortgage loan indebtedness.
Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally
The mortgage loans will be secured by various income producing commercial and multifamily properties. The repayment of a commercial or multifamily loan is typically dependent upon the ability of the related mortgaged property to produce cash flow through the collection of rents. Even the liquidation value of a commercial property is determined, in substantial part, by the capitalization of the property's ability to produce cash flow. However, net operating income can be volatile and may be insufficient to cover debt service on the loan at any given time.
The net operating incomes and property values of the mortgaged properties may be adversely affected by a large number of factors. Some of these factors relate to the properties themselves, such as:
· | the age, design and construction quality of the properties; |
· | perceptions regarding the safety, convenience and attractiveness of the properties; |
· | the characteristics and desirability of the area where the property is located; |
· | the strength and nature of the local economy, including labor costs and quality, tax environment and quality of life for employees; |
· | the proximity and attractiveness of competing properties; |
· | the adequacy of the property's management and maintenance; |
· | increases in interest rates, real estate taxes and operating expenses at the property and in relation to competing properties; |
· | an increase in the capital expenditures needed to maintain the properties or make improvements; |
· | a decline in the businesses operated by tenants or in their financial condition; |
· | an increase in vacancy rates; and |
· | a decline in rental rates as leases are renewed or entered into with new tenants. |
Other factors are more general in nature, such as:
· | national or regional economic conditions, including plant closings, military base closings, industry slowdowns, oil and/or gas drilling facility slowdowns or closings and unemployment rates; |
· | local real estate conditions, such as an oversupply of competing properties, retail space, office space, multifamily housing or hotel capacity; |
· | consumer tastes and preferences; |
· | retroactive changes in building codes; |
· | changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; |
· | location of certain mortgaged properties in less densely populated or less affluent areas; and |
· | the public perception of safety for customers and clients. |
The volatility of net operating income will be influenced by many of the foregoing factors, as well as by:
· | the length of tenant leases (including that in certain cases, all or substantially all of the tenants, or one or more sole, anchor or other major tenants, at a particular mortgaged property may have leases that expire or permit the tenant(s) to terminate its lease during the term of the loan); |
· | the quality and creditworthiness of tenants; |
· | in the case of rental properties, the rate at which new rentals occur; and |
· | the property's "operating leverage", which is generally the percentage of total property expenses in relation to revenue, the ratio of fixed operating expenses to those that vary with revenues, and the level of capital expenditures required to maintain the property and to retain or replace tenants. |
A decline in the real estate market or in the financial condition of a major tenant will tend to have a more immediate effect on the net operating income of properties with relatively higher operating leverage or short term revenue sources, such as short term or month to month leases, and may lead to higher rates of delinquency or defaults.
Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases
General. Any tenant may, from time to time, experience a downturn in its business, which may weaken its financial condition and result in a reduction or failure to make rental payments when due. If tenants' sales were to decline, percentage rents may decline and, further, tenants may be unable to pay their base rent or other occupancy costs. If a tenant defaults in its obligations to a property owner, that property owner may experience delays in enforcing its rights as lessor and may incur substantial costs and experience significant delays associated with protecting its investment, including costs incurred in renovating and reletting the property.
Additionally, the income from, and market value of, the mortgaged properties leased to various tenants would be adversely affected if:
· | space in the mortgaged properties could not be leased or re-leased or substantial re-leasing costs were required and/or the cost of performing landlord obligations under existing leases materially increased; |
· | leasing or re-leasing is restricted by exclusive rights of tenants to lease the mortgaged properties or other covenants not to lease space for certain uses or activities, or covenants limiting the types of tenants to which space may be leased; |
· | a significant tenant were to become a debtor in a bankruptcy case; |
· | rental payments could not be collected for any other reason; or |
· | a borrower fails to perform its obligations under a lease resulting in the related tenant having a right to terminate such lease. |
Certain tenants currently may be in a rent abatement period. We cannot assure you that such tenants will be in a position to pay full rent when the abatement period expires. We cannot assure you that the net operating income contributed by the mortgaged properties will remain at its current or past levels.
A Tenant Concentration May Result in Increased Losses. Mortgaged properties that are owner-occupied or leased to a single tenant, or a tenant that makes up a significant portion of the rental income, also are more susceptible to interruptions of cash flow if that tenant's business operations are negatively impacted or if such tenant fails to renew its lease. This is so because:
· | the financial effect of the absence of rental income may be severe; |
· | more time may be required to re-lease the space; and |
· | substantial capital costs may be incurred to make the space appropriate for replacement tenants. |
In the event of a default by that tenant, if the related lease expires prior to the mortgage loan maturity date and the related tenant fails to renew its lease or if such tenant exercises an early termination option, there would likely be an interruption of rental payments under the lease and, accordingly, insufficient funds available to the borrower to pay the debt service on the mortgage loan. In certain cases where the tenant owns the improvements on the mortgaged property, the related borrower may be required to purchase such improvements in connection with the exercise of its remedies.
With respect to certain of these mortgaged properties that are leased to a single tenant, the related leases may expire prior to, or soon after, the maturity dates of the mortgage loans or the related tenant may have the right to terminate the lease prior to the maturity date of the mortgage loan. If the current tenant does not renew its lease on comparable economic terms to the expired lease, if a single tenant terminates its lease or if a suitable replacement tenant does not enter into a new lease on similar economic terms, there could be a negative impact on the payments on the related mortgage loan.
A deterioration in the financial condition of a tenant, the failure of a tenant to renew its lease or the exercise by a tenant of an early termination right can be particularly significant if a mortgaged property is owner-occupied, leased to a single tenant, or if any tenant makes up a significant portion of the rental income at the mortgaged property.
Concentrations of particular tenants among the mortgaged properties or within a particular business or industry at one or multiple mortgaged properties increase the possibility that financial problems with such tenants or such business or industry sectors could affect the mortgage loans. In addition, the mortgage loans may be adversely affected if a tenant at the mortgaged property is highly specialized, or dependent on a single industry or only a few customers for its revenue. See "—Tenant Bankruptcy Could Result in a Rejection of the Related Lease" below, and "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Tenant Concentrations" for information on tenant concentrations in the mortgage pool.
Mortgaged Properties Leased to Multiple Tenants Also Have Risks. If a mortgaged property has multiple tenants, re-leasing expenditures may be more frequent than in the case of mortgaged properties with fewer tenants, thereby reducing the cash flow available for payments on the related mortgage loan. Multi-tenant mortgaged properties also may experience higher continuing vacancy rates and greater volatility in rental income and expenses. See Annex A-1 for tenant lease expiration dates for the five largest tenants at each mortgaged property.
Mortgaged Properties Leased to Borrowers or Borrower Affiliated Entities Also Have Risks. If a mortgaged property is leased in whole or substantial part to the borrower under the mortgage loan or to an affiliate of the borrower, there may be conflicts. For instance, it is more likely a landlord will waive lease conditions for an affiliated tenant than it would for an unaffiliated tenant. We cannot assure you that the conflicts arising where a borrower is affiliated with a tenant at a mortgaged property will not adversely impact the value of the related mortgage loan.
In certain cases, an affiliated lessee may be a tenant under a master lease with the related borrower, under which the tenant is obligated to make rent payments but does not occupy any space at the mortgaged property. Master leases in these circumstances may be used to bring occupancy to a "stabilized" level with the intent of finding additional tenants to occupy some of all of the master leased space, but may not provide additional economic support for the mortgage loan. If a mortgaged property is leased in whole or substantial part to the borrower or to an affiliate of the borrower, a deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower or its affiliates could significantly affect the borrower's ability to perform under the mortgage loan as it would directly interrupt the cash flow from the mortgaged property if the borrower's or its affiliate's financial condition worsens. We cannot assure you that any space leased by a borrower or an affiliate of the borrower will eventually be occupied by third party tenants.
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Affiliated Leases" for information on properties leased in whole or in part to borrowers and their affiliates.
Tenant Bankruptcy Could Result in a Rejection of the Related Lease. The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant or a number of smaller tenants, such as in retail properties, may have an
adverse impact on the mortgaged properties affected and the income produced by such mortgaged properties. Under the federal bankruptcy code, a tenant has the option of assuming or rejecting or, subject to certain conditions, assuming and assigning to a third party, any unexpired lease. If the tenant rejects the lease, the landlord's claim for breach of the lease would (absent collateral securing the claim) be treated as a general unsecured claim against the tenant and a lessor's damages for lease rejection are generally subject to certain limitations. We cannot assure you that tenants of the mortgaged properties will continue making payments under their leases or that tenants will not file for bankruptcy protection in the future or, if any tenants do file, that they will continue to make rental payments in a timely manner. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Bankruptcy Laws". See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Loan Purpose; Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings" for information regarding bankruptcy issues with respect to certain mortgage loans.
Leases That Are Not Subordinated to the Lien of the Mortgage or Do Not Contain Attornment Provisions May Have an Adverse Impact at Foreclosure. In certain jurisdictions, if tenant leases are subordinated to the liens created by the mortgage but do not contain attornment provisions that require the tenant to subordinate the lease if the mortgagee agrees to enter into a non-disturbance agreement, the tenants may terminate their leases upon the transfer of the property to a foreclosing lender or purchaser at foreclosure. Accordingly, if a mortgaged property is located in such a jurisdiction and is leased to one or more desirable tenants under leases that are subordinate to the mortgage and do not contain attornment provisions, such mortgaged property could experience a further decline in value if such tenants' leases were terminated. This is particularly likely if those tenants were paying above-market rents or could not be replaced. If a lease is not subordinate to a mortgage, the issuing entity will not possess the right to dispossess the tenant upon foreclosure of the mortgaged property (unless otherwise agreed to with the tenant). Also, if the lease contains provisions inconsistent with the mortgage (e.g., provisions relating to application of insurance proceeds or condemnation awards) or which could affect the enforcement of the lender's rights (e.g., a right of first refusal to purchase the property), the provisions of the lease will take precedence over the provisions of the mortgage. Not all leases were reviewed to ascertain the existence of attornment or subordination provisions.
With respect to certain of the mortgage loans, the related borrower may have given to certain tenants or others an option to purchase, a right of first refusal and/or a right of first offer to purchase all or a portion of the mortgaged property in the event a sale is contemplated, and such right is not subordinate to the related mortgage. This may impede the mortgagee's ability to sell the related mortgaged property at foreclosure, or, upon foreclosure, this may affect the value and/or marketability of the related mortgaged property. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Purchase Options and Rights of First Refusal" for information regarding material purchase options and/or rights of first refusal, if any, with respect to mortgaged properties securing certain mortgage loans.
Early Lease Termination Options May Reduce Cash Flow. Leases often give tenants the right to terminate the related lease, abate or reduce the related rent, and/or exercise certain remedies against the related borrower for various reasons or upon various conditions, including:
· | if the borrower for the applicable mortgaged property allows uses at the mortgaged property in violation of use restrictions in current tenant leases, |
· | if the borrower or any of its affiliates owns other properties within a certain radius of the mortgaged property and allows uses at those properties in violation of use restrictions, |
· | if the related borrower fails to provide a designated number of parking spaces, |
· | if there is construction at the related mortgaged property or an adjacent property (whether or not such adjacent property is owned or controlled by the borrower or any of its affiliates) that may interfere with visibility of, access to or a tenant's use of the mortgaged property or otherwise violate the terms of a tenant's lease, |
· | upon casualty or condemnation with respect to all or a portion of the mortgaged property that renders such mortgaged property unsuitable for a tenant's use or if the borrower fails to rebuild such mortgaged property within a certain time, |
· | if a tenant's use is not permitted by zoning or applicable law, |
· | if the tenant is unable to exercise an expansion right, |
· | if the landlord defaults on its obligations under the lease, |
· | if a landlord leases space at the mortgaged property or within a certain radius of the mortgaged property to a competitor, |
· | if the tenant fails to meet certain sales targets or other business objectives for a specified period of time, |
· | if significant tenants at the subject property go dark or terminate their leases, or if a specified percentage of the mortgaged property is unoccupied, |
· | if the landlord violates the tenant's exclusive use rights for a specified period of time, |
· | if the related borrower violates covenants under the related lease or if third parties take certain actions that adversely affect such tenants' business or operations, |
· | in the case of government sponsored tenants, any time or for lack of appropriations, or |
· | if the related borrower violates covenants under the related lease or if third parties take certain actions that adversely affect such tenants' business or operations. |
In certain cases, compliance or satisfaction of landlord covenants may be the responsibility of a third party affiliated with the borrower or, in the event that partial releases of the applicable mortgaged property are permitted, an unaffiliated or affiliated third party.
Any exercise of a termination right by a tenant at a mortgaged property could result in vacant space at the related mortgaged property, renegotiation of the lease with the related tenant or re-letting of the space. Any such vacated space may not be re-let. Furthermore, such foregoing termination and/or abatement rights may arise in the future or materially adversely affect the related borrower's ability to meet its obligations under the related loan documents. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Lease Expirations and Terminations" for information on material tenant lease expirations and early termination options.
Mortgaged Properties Leased to Not-for-Profit Tenants Also Have Risks. Certain mortgaged properties may have tenants that are charitable institutions that generally rely on contributions from individuals and government grants or other subsidies to pay rent on office space and other operating expenses. We cannot assure you that the rate, frequency and level of individual contributions or governmental grants and subsidies will continue with respect to any such institution. A reduction in contributions or grants may impact the ability of the related institution to pay rent, and we cannot assure you that the related borrower will be in a position to meet its obligations under the related mortgage loan documents if such tenant fails to pay its rent.
[Retail Properties Have Special Risks
The value of retail properties is significantly affected by the quality of the tenants as well as fundamental aspects of real estate, such as location and market demographics, as further described in "—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally" and "—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases" above. The correlation between success of tenant business and a retail property's value may be more direct with respect to retail
properties than other types of commercial property because a component of the total rent paid by certain retail tenants is often tied to a percentage of gross sales.
Whether a retail property is "anchored", "shadow anchored" or "unanchored" is also an important consideration. Retail properties that have anchor tenant-owned stores often have reciprocal easement and/or operating agreements (each, an "REA") between the retail property owner and such anchor tenants containing certain operating and maintenance covenants. Although an anchor tenant is often required to pay a contribution toward common area maintenance and real estate taxes on the improvements and related real property, an anchor tenant that owns its own parcel does not pay rent. However, the presence or absence of an "anchor tenant" or a "shadow anchor tenant" in or near a retail property also can be important because anchors play a key role in generating customer traffic and making a retail property desirable for other tenants. Many of the retail properties that will secure one or more mortgage loans will also have shadow anchor tenants. An "anchor tenant" is located on the related mortgaged property, usually proportionately larger in size than most or all other tenants in the mortgaged property and is vital in attracting customers to a retail property. A "shadow anchor tenant" is usually proportionally larger in size than most tenants in the mortgaged property, is important in attracting customers to a retail property and is located sufficiently close and convenient to the mortgaged property so as to influence and attract potential customers, but is not located on the mortgaged property.
The economic performance of an anchored or shadow anchored retail property will consequently be adversely affected by:
· | an anchor tenant's or shadow anchor tenant's failure to renew its lease or the termination of an anchor tenant's or shadow anchor tenant's lease; |
· | if the anchor tenant or shadow anchor tenant decides to vacate; |
· | the bankruptcy or economic decline of an anchor tenant, shadow anchor or self-owned anchor; or |
· | the cessation of the business of an anchor tenant, a shadow anchor tenant or of a self-owned anchor or a change in use or in the nature of its retail operations (notwithstanding its continued payment of rent). |
If anchor stores in a mortgaged property were to close, the related borrower may be unable to replace those anchors in a timely manner or without suffering adverse economic consequences. In addition, it is common for anchor tenants and non-anchor tenants at anchored or shadowed anchored retail centers to have co-tenancy clauses and/or operating covenants in their leases or operating agreements that permit those tenants or anchor stores to cease operating, reduce rent or terminate their leases if the anchor or shadow anchor tenant goes dark. Even if non-anchor tenants do not have termination or rent abatement rights, because the anchor or shadow anchor tenant plays a key role in generating customer traffic and making a center desirable for other tenants, the loss of an anchor tenant may have a material adverse impact on the non-anchor tenant's ability to operate, which may in turn adversely impact the borrower's ability to meet its obligations under the related loan documents. In addition, in the event that a "shadow anchor" fails to renew its lease, terminates its lease or otherwise ceases to conduct business within a close proximity to the mortgaged property, customer traffic at the mortgaged property may be substantially reduced. If an anchor tenant goes dark, generally the borrower's only remedy is to terminate that lease after the anchor tenant has been dark for a specified amount of time.
We cannot assure you that if anchor tenants or shadow anchor tenants at a particular mortgaged property were to close or otherwise become vacant or remain vacant, such anchor tenants or shadow anchor tenants, as applicable, would be replaced in a timely manner or, if part of the collateral for the related mortgage loan, without incurring material additional costs to the related borrower and resulting in adverse economic effects.
Certain of the tenants or anchor tenants of the retail properties may have operating covenants in their leases or operating agreements which permit those tenants or anchor tenants to cease operating, reduce
rent or terminate their leases if the subject store is not meeting the minimum sales requirement under its lease.
In addition, the limited adaptability of certain shopping malls that have proven unprofitable may result in high (and possibly extremely high) loss severities on mortgage loans secured by those shopping malls. For example, it is possible that a significant amount of advances made by the applicable servicer(s) of a mortgage loan secured by a shopping mall property, combined with low liquidation proceeds in respect of that property, may result in a loss severity exceeding 100% of the outstanding principal balance of that mortgage loan.
Certain anchor tenant and tenant estoppels will have been obtained in connection with the origination of the mortgage loans that may identify disputes between the related borrower and the applicable anchor tenant or tenant, or alleged defaults or potential defaults by the applicable property owner under the lease or REA. Such disputes, defaults or potential defaults, could lead to a termination or attempted termination of the applicable lease or REA by the anchor tenant or tenant or to litigation against the related borrower. We cannot assure you that these anchor tenant and tenant disputes will not have a material adverse effect on the ability of the related borrowers to repay their portion of the mortgage loan. In addition, we cannot assure you that the anchor tenant or tenant estoppels obtained identify all potential disputes that may arise with anchor tenants or tenants who did not provide estoppels prior to origination. We cannot assure you that the failure to have obtained related estoppel information will not have a material adverse effect on the related mortgage loans.
Rental payments from tenants of retail properties typically comprise the largest portion of the net operating income of those mortgaged properties. We cannot assure you that the rate of occupancy at the stores will remain at the levels described in this prospectus or that the net operating income contributed by the mortgaged properties will remain at the level specified in this prospectus or past levels.
Retail properties also face competition from sources outside a given real estate market. For example, all of the following compete with more traditional retail properties for consumer dollars: factory outlet centers, discount shopping centers and clubs, catalogue retailers, home shopping networks, internet websites, and telemarketing. Continued growth of these alternative retail outlets (which often have lower operating costs) could adversely affect the rents collectible at the retail properties included in the pool of mortgage loans, as well as the income from, and market value of, the mortgaged properties and the related borrower's ability to refinance such property. Moreover, additional competing retail properties may be built in the areas where the retail properties are located.
Certain retail properties have specialty use tenants. See "—Some Mortgaged Properties May Not Be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses" below.
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Retail Properties".]
[Office Properties Have Special Risks
In addition to the factors discussed in "—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally" and "—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases" above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of office properties, including:
· | the physical attributes of the building in relation to competing buildings (e.g., age, condition, design, appearance, access to transportation and ability to offer certain amenities, such as sophisticated building systems and/or business wiring requirements); |
· | the adaptability of the building to changes in the technological needs of the tenants; |
· | an adverse change in population, patterns of telecommuting or sharing of office space, and employment growth (which creates demand for office space); and |
· | in the case of medical office properties, the performance of a medical office property may depend on (a) the proximity of such property to a hospital or other healthcare establishment, (b) reimbursements for patient fees from private or government sponsored insurers, (c) its ability to attract doctors and nurses to be on staff, and (d) its ability to afford and acquire the latest medical equipment. Issues related to reimbursement (ranging from nonpayment to delays in payment) from such insurers could adversely impact cash flow at such mortgaged property. |
Moreover, the cost of refitting office space for a new tenant is often higher than the cost of refitting other types of properties for new tenants.
If one or more major tenants at a particular office property were to close or remain vacant, we cannot assure you that such tenants would be replaced in a timely manner or without incurring material additional costs to the related borrower and resulting in an adverse effect on the financial performance of the property.
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Office Properties".]
[Multifamily Properties Have Special Risks
In addition to the factors discussed in "—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally" and "—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases" above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of multifamily properties, including:
· | the quality of property management; |
· | the ability of management to provide adequate maintenance and insurance; |
· | the types of services or amenities that the property provides; |
· | the property's reputation; |
· | the level of mortgage interest rates, which may encourage tenants to purchase rather than lease housing; |
· | the generally short terms of residential leases and the need for continued reletting; |
· | rent concessions and month-to-month leases, which may impact cash flow at the property; |
· | the tenant mix, such as the tenant population being predominantly students or being heavily dependent on workers from a particular business or industry or personnel from or workers related to a local military base or oil and/or gas drilling industries; |
· | in the case of student housing facilities or properties leased primarily to students, which may be more susceptible to damage or wear and tear than other types of multifamily housing, the reliance on the financial well-being of the college or university to which it relates, competition from on campus housing units, which may adversely affect occupancy, the physical layout of the housing, which may not be readily convertible to traditional multifamily use, and that student tenants have a higher turnover rate than other types of multifamily tenants, which in certain cases is compounded by the fact that student leases are available for periods of less than 12 months; |
· | certain multifamily properties may be considered to be "flexible apartment properties". Such properties have a significant percentage of units leased to tenants under short-term leases (less than one year in term), which creates a higher turnover rate than for other types of multifamily properties; |
· | restrictions on the age of tenants who may reside at the property; |
· | dependence upon governmental programs that provide rent subsidies to tenants pursuant to tenant voucher programs, which vouchers may be used at other properties and influence tenant mobility; |
· | adverse local, regional or national economic conditions, which may limit the amount of rent that may be charged and may result in a reduction of timely rent payments or a reduction in occupancy levels; |
· | state and local regulations, which may affect the building owner's ability to increase rent to market rent for an equivalent apartment; and |
· | the existence of government assistance/rent subsidy programs, and whether or not they continue and provide the same level of assistance or subsidies. |
Certain states regulate the relationship of an owner and its tenants. Commonly, these laws require a written lease, good cause for eviction, disclosure of fees, and notification to residents of changed land use, while prohibiting unreasonable rules, retaliatory evictions, and restrictions on a resident's choice of unit vendors. Apartment building owners have been the subject of suits under state "Unfair and Deceptive Practices Acts" and other general consumer protection statutes for coercive, abusive or unconscionable leasing and sales practices. A few states offer more significant protection. For example, there are provisions that limit the bases on which a landlord may terminate a tenancy or increase its rent or prohibit a landlord from terminating a tenancy solely by reason of the sale of the owner's building.
In addition to state regulation of the landlord tenant relationship, numerous counties and municipalities impose rent control on apartment buildings. These ordinances may limit rent increases to fixed percentages, to percentages of increases in the consumer price index, to increases set or approved by a governmental agency, or to increases determined through mediation or binding arbitration. Any limitations on a borrower's ability to raise property rents may impair such borrower's ability to repay its multifamily loan from its net operating income or the proceeds of a sale or refinancing of the related multifamily property.
Certain of the mortgage loans may be secured in the future by mortgaged properties that are subject to certain affordable housing covenants and other covenants and restrictions with respect to various tax credit, city, state and federal housing subsidies, rent stabilization or similar programs, in respect of various units within the mortgaged properties. The limitations and restrictions imposed by these programs could result in losses on the mortgage loans. In addition, in the event that the program is cancelled, it could result in less income for the project. These programs may include, among others:
· | rent limitations that would adversely affect the ability of borrowers to increase rents to maintain the condition of their mortgaged properties and satisfy operating expense; and |
· | tenant income restrictions that may reduce the number of eligible tenants in those mortgaged properties and result in a reduction in occupancy rates. |
The difference in rents between subsidized or supported properties and other multifamily rental properties in the same area may not be a sufficient economic incentive for some eligible tenants to reside at a subsidized or supported property that may have fewer amenities or be less attractive as a residence. As a result, occupancy levels at a subsidized or supported property may decline, which may adversely affect the value and successful operation of such property.
Certain of the multifamily properties may be residential cooperative buildings and the land under the building are owned or leased by a non-profit residential cooperative corporation. The cooperative owns all the units in the building and all common areas. Its tenants own stock, shares or membership certificates in the corporation. This ownership entitles the tenant-stockholders to proprietary leases or occupancy agreements which confer exclusive rights to occupy specific units. Generally, the tenant-stockholders
make monthly maintenance payments which represent their share of the cooperative corporation's mortgage loan payments, real property taxes, reserve contributions and capital expenditures, maintenance and other expenses, less any income the corporation may receive. These payments are in addition to any payments of principal and interest the tenant-stockholder may be required to make on any loans secured by its shares in the cooperative.
A number of factors may adversely affect the value and successful operation of a residential cooperative property. Some of these factors include:
· | the primary dependence of a borrower upon maintenance payments and any rental income from units or commercial areas to meet debt service obligations; |
· | the initial concentration of shares relating to occupied rental units of the sponsor, owner or investor after conversion from rental housing, which may result in an inability to meet debt service obligations on the residential cooperative corporation's mortgage loan if the sponsor, owner or investor is unable to make the required maintenance payments; |
· | the failure of a borrower to qualify for favorable tax treatment as a "cooperative housing corporation" each year, which may reduce the cash flow available to make payments on the related mortgage loan; and |
· | that, upon foreclosure, in the event a cooperative property becomes a rental property, certain units could be subject to rent control, stabilization and tenants' rights laws, at below market rents, which may affect rental income levels and the marketability and sale proceeds of the rental property as a whole. |
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Multifamily Properties".]
[Hotel Properties Have Special Risks
In addition to the factors discussed in "—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally" above, various other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of hotel properties, including:
· | adverse economic and social conditions, either local, regional or national (which may limit the amount that can be charged for a room and reduce occupancy levels); |
· | continuing expenditures for modernizing, refurbishing and maintaining existing facilities prior to the expiration of their anticipated useful lives; |
· | ability to convert to alternative uses which may not be readily made; |
· | a deterioration in the financial strength or managerial capabilities of the owner or operator of a hotel property; |
· | changes in travel patterns caused by general adverse economic conditions, fear of terrorist attacks, adverse weather conditions and changes in access, energy prices, strikes, travel costs, relocation of highways, the construction of additional highways, concerns about travel safety or other factors; and |
· | relative illiquidity of hospitality investments which limits the ability of the borrowers and property managers to respond to changes in economic or other conditions. |
Because rooms are generally rented for short periods of time, the financial performance of hotel properties tends to be affected by adverse economic conditions and competition more quickly than other
commercial properties. Additionally, as a result of high operating costs, relatively small decreases in revenue can cause significant stress on a property's cash flow.
Moreover, the hospitality and lodging industry is generally seasonal in nature and different seasons affect different hotel properties differently depending on type and location. This seasonality can be expected to cause periodic fluctuations in a hotel property's room and restaurant revenues, occupancy levels, room rates and operating expenses. We cannot assure you that cash flow will be sufficient to offset any shortfalls that occur at the mortgaged property during slower periods or that the related mortgage loans provide for seasonality reserves, or if seasonality reserves are provided for, that such reserves will be funded or will be sufficient or available to fund such shortfalls.
In addition, some of the hotel properties are limited-service, select service or extended stay hotels. Hotel properties that are limited-service, select service or extended stay hotels may subject a lender to more risk than full-service hotel properties as they generally require less capital for construction than full-service hotel properties. In addition, as limited-service, select service or extended stay hotels generally offer fewer amenities than full-service hotel properties, they are less distinguishable from each other. As a result, it is easier for limited-service, select service or extended stay hotels to experience increased or unforeseen competition.
In addition to hotel operations, some hotel properties also operate entertainment complexes that include restaurants, lounges, nightclubs and/or banquet and meeting spaces and may derive a significant portion of the related property's revenue from such operations. Consumer demand for entertainment resorts is particularly sensitive to downturns in the economy and the corresponding impact on discretionary spending on leisure activities. Changes in discretionary consumer spending or consumer preferences could be driven by factors such as perceived or actual general economic conditions, high energy, fuel and food costs, the increased cost of travel, the weakened job market, perceived or actual disposable consumer income and wealth, fears of recession and changes in consumer confidence in the economy, or fears of war and future acts of terrorism. These factors could reduce consumer demand for the leisure activities that the property offers, thus imposing practical limits on pricing and harming operations. Restaurants and nightclubs are particularly vulnerable to changes in consumer preferences. In addition, a nightclub's, restaurant's or bar's revenue is extremely dependent on its popularity and perception. These characteristics are subject to change rapidly and we cannot assure you that any of a hotel property's nightclubs, restaurants or bars will maintain their current level of popularity or perception in the market. Any such change could have a material adverse effect on the net cash flow of the property.
Some of the hotel properties have liquor licenses associated with the mortgaged property. The liquor licenses for these mortgaged properties are generally held by affiliates of the related borrowers, unaffiliated managers or operating lessees. The laws and regulations relating to liquor licenses generally prohibit the transfer of such licenses to any person, or condition such transfer on the prior approval of the governmental authority that issued the license. In the event of a foreclosure of a hotel property that holds a liquor license, the special servicer on behalf of the issuing entity or a purchaser in a foreclosure sale would likely have to apply for a new license, which might not be granted or might be granted only after a delay that could be significant. We cannot assure you that a new license could be obtained promptly or at all. The lack of a liquor license in a hotel property could have an adverse impact on the revenue from the related mortgaged property or on the hotel property's occupancy rate.
In addition, there may be risks associated with hotel properties that have not entered into or become a party to any franchise agreement, license agreement or other "flag". Hotel properties often enter into these types of agreements in order to align the hotel property with a certain public perception or to benefit from a centralized reservation system. We cannot assure you that hotel properties that lack such benefits will be able to operate successfully on an independent basis.
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Hotel Properties".]
[Risks Relating to Affiliation with a Franchise or Hotel Management Company
The performance of a hotel property affiliated with a franchise or hotel management company depends in part on:
· | the continued existence and financial strength of the franchisor or hotel management company; |
· | the public perception of the franchise or hotel chain service mark; and |
· | the duration of the franchise licensing or management agreements. |
The continuation of a franchise agreement or management agreement is subject to specified operating standards and other terms and conditions set forth in such agreements. The failure of a borrower to maintain such standards or adhere to other applicable terms and conditions, such as property improvement plans, could result in the loss or cancellation of their rights under the franchise or hotel management company agreement or management agreement. We cannot assure you that a replacement franchise could be obtained in the event of termination. In addition, replacement franchises and/or hotel property managers may require significantly higher fees as well as the investment of capital to bring the hotel property into compliance with the requirements of the replacement franchisor and/or hotel property managers. Any provision in a franchise agreement or management agreement providing for termination because of a bankruptcy of a franchisor or manager generally will not be enforceable.
The transferability of franchise agreements, license agreements and the property management agreements is restricted. In the event of a foreclosure, the lender may not have the right to use the franchise license without the franchisor's consent or the manager might be able to terminate the management agreement. Conversely, in the case of certain mortgage loans, the lender may be unable to remove a franchisor/licensor or a hotel management company that it desires to replace following a foreclosure and, further, may be limited as regards the pool of potential transferees for a foreclosure or real estate owned property.
In some cases where a hotel property is subject to a license or franchise agreement, the licensor or franchisor has required or may in the future require the completion of various repairs and/or renovations pursuant to a property improvement plan issued by the franchisor. Failure to complete those repairs and/or renovations in accordance with the plan could result in the hotel property losing its license or franchise. Annex A-1 and the related footnotes set forth the amount of reserves, if any, established under the related mortgage loans in connection with any of those repairs and/or renovations. We cannot assure you that any amounts reserved will be sufficient to complete the repairs and/or renovations required with respect to any affected hotel property. In addition, in some cases, those reserves will be maintained by the franchisor or property manager. Furthermore, the lender may not require a reserve for repairs and/or renovations in all instances.
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Hotel Properties".]
[Self-Storage Properties Have Special Risks
In addition to the factors discussed in "—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally" above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of self-storage properties, including:
· | lack of proximity to apartment complexes or commercial users; |
· | apartment tenants moving to single family homes; |
· | decline in services rendered, including security; |
· | dependence on business activity ancillary to renting units; |
· | competition or other factors. |
Self-storage properties are considered vulnerable to competition, because both acquisition costs and break-even occupancy are relatively low. The conversion of self-storage facilities to alternative uses would generally require substantial capital expenditures. Thus, if the operation of any of the self-storage properties becomes unprofitable, the liquidation value of that self-storage mortgaged property may be substantially less, relative to the amount owing on the mortgage loan, than if the self-storage mortgaged property were readily adaptable to other uses.
Tenants at self-storage properties tend to require and receive privacy, anonymity and efficient access, each of which may heighten environmental and other risks related to such property as the borrower may be unaware of the contents in any self-storage unit. No environmental assessment of a self-storage mortgaged property included an inspection of the contents of the self-storage units at that mortgaged property, and there is no assurance that all of the units included in the self-storage mortgaged properties are free from hazardous substances or other pollutants or contaminants or will remain so in the future.
Certain mortgage loans secured by self-storage properties may be affiliated with a franchise company through a franchise agreement. The performance of a self-storage property affiliated with a franchise company may be affected by the continued existence and financial strength of the franchisor, the public perception of a service mark, and the duration of the franchise agreement. The transferability of franchise license agreements is restricted. In the event of a foreclosure, the lender or its agent would not have the right to use the franchise license without the franchisor's consent. In addition, certain self-storage properties may derive a material portion of revenue from business activities ancillary to self-storage such as truck rentals, parking fees and similar activities which require special use permits or other discretionary zoning approvals.
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Self-Storage Properties".]
[Industrial Properties Have Special Risks
In addition to the factors discussed in "—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally" and "—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases" above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of industrial properties, including:
· | reduced demand for industrial space because of a decline in a particular industry segment; |
· | the property becoming functionally obsolete; |
· | building design and adaptability; |
· | unavailability of labor sources; |
· | changes in access, energy prices, strikes, relocation of highways, the construction of additional highways or other factors; |
· | changes in proximity of supply sources; |
· | the expenses of converting a previously adapted space to general use; and |
· | the location of the property. |
Industrial properties may be adversely affected by reduced demand for industrial space occasioned by a decline in a particular industry segment in which the related tenant(s) conduct their businesses (for example, a decline in consumer demand for products sold by a tenant using the property as a distribution center). In addition, a particular industrial or warehouse property that suited the needs of its original tenant may be difficult to relet to another tenant or may become functionally obsolete relative to newer properties. Furthermore, lease terms with respect to industrial properties are generally for shorter periods of time and may result in a substantial percentage of leases expiring in the same year at any particular industrial property. In addition, mortgaged properties used for many industrial purposes are more prone to environmental concerns than other property types.
Aspects of building site design and adaptability affect the value of an industrial property. Site characteristics that are generally desirable to a warehouse/industrial property include high clear ceiling heights, wide column spacing, a large number of bays (loading docks) and large bay depths, divisibility, a layout that can accommodate large truck minimum turning radii and overall functionality and accessibility.
In addition, because of unique construction requirements of many industrial properties, any vacant industrial property space may not be easily converted to other uses. Thus, if the operation of any of the industrial properties becomes unprofitable due to competition, age of the improvements or other factors such that the borrower becomes unable to meet its obligations on the related mortgage loan, the liquidation value of that industrial property may be substantially less, relative to the amount owing on the related mortgage loan, than would be the case if the industrial property were readily adaptable to other uses.
Location is also important because an industrial property requires the availability of labor sources, proximity to supply sources and customers and accessibility to rail lines, major roadways and other distribution channels.
Further, certain of the industrial properties may have tenants that are subject to risks unique to their business, such as cold storage facilities. Cold storage facilities may have unique risks such as short lease terms due to seasonal use, making income potentially more volatile than for properties with longer term leases, and customized refrigeration design, rendering such facilities less readily convertible to alternative uses. Because of seasonal use, leases at such facilities are customarily for shorter terms, making income potentially more volatile than for properties with longer term leases. In addition, such facilities require customized refrigeration design, rendering them less readily convertible to alternative uses.
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Industrial Properties".]
[Manufactured Housing Community Properties Have Special Risks
In addition to the factors discussed in "—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally" and "—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases" above, other factors may adversely affect the financial performance and value of manufactured housing community properties, including:
· | the number of competing residential developments in the local market, such as: other manufactured housing community properties apartment buildings and site built single family homes; |
· | the physical attributes of the community, including its age and appearance; |
· | the location of the manufactured housing property; |
· | the presence and/or continued presence of sufficient manufactured homes at the manufactured housing property (manufactured homes are not generally part of the collateral for a mortgaged |
loan secured by a manufactured housing property; rather, the pads upon which manufactured homes are located are leased to the owners of such manufactured homes; manufactured homes may be moved from a manufactured housing property);
· | the type of services or amenities it provides; |
· | the property's reputation; and |
· | state and local regulations, including rent control and rent stabilization. |
The manufactured housing community properties have few improvements (which are highly specialized) and are "single purpose" properties that could not be readily converted to general residential, retail or office use. Thus, if the operation of any of the manufactured housing community properties becomes unprofitable due to competition, age of the improvements or other factors such that the borrower becomes unable to meet its obligations on the related mortgage loan, the liquidation value of that manufactured housing property may be substantially less, relative to the amount owing on the related mortgage loan, than would be the case if the manufactured housing community property were readily adaptable to other uses.
Some manufactured housing community properties are either recreational vehicle resorts or have a significant portion of the properties that are intended for short-term recreational vehicle hook-ups, and tenancy of these communities may vary significantly by season. This seasonality may cause periodic fluctuations in revenues, tenancy levels, rental rates and operating expenses for these properties.
Certain of the manufactured housing community mortgaged properties may not be connected in their entirety to public water and/or sewer systems. In such cases, the borrower could incur a substantial expense if it were required to connect the property to such systems in the future. In addition, the use of well water enhances the likelihood that the property could be adversely affected by a recognized environmental condition that impacts soil and groundwater.
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Manufactured Housing Community Properties".]
[
Mixed Use Properties Have Special Risks
Certain properties are mixed use properties. Such mortgaged property is subject to the risks relating to the property types described in "
—Office Properties Have Special Risks", "
—Retail Properties Have Special Risks", "
—Hotel Properties Have Special Risks", "
—Multifamily Properties Have Special Risks", "
—Manufactured Housing Community Properties Have Special Risks", "
—Industrial Properties Have Special Risks", "
—Self-Storage Properties Have Special Risks", "
—Condominium Ownership May Limit Use and Improvements", "
—Leased Fee Properties Have Special Risks". See Annex A-2 for the 5 largest tenants (by net rentable area leased) at the mixed use property.
A mixed use property may be subject to additional risks, including the property manager's inexperience in managing the different property types that comprise such mixed use property.
See "
Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types—Mixed Use Properties".
]
[Condominium Ownership May Limit Use and Improvements
The management and operation of a condominium is generally controlled by a condominium board representing the owners of the individual condominium units, subject to the terms of the related condominium rules or by-laws. Generally, the consent of a majority of the board members is required for any actions of the condominium board and a unit owner's ability to control decisions of the board are generally related to the number of units owned by such owner as a percentage of the total number of
units in the condominium. In certain cases, the related borrower does not have a majority of votes on the condominium board, which result in the related borrower not having control of the related condominium or owners association.
The board of managers or directors of the related condominium generally has discretion to make decisions affecting the condominium, and we cannot assure you that the related borrower under a mortgage loan secured by one or more interests in that condominium will have any control over decisions made by the related board of managers or directors. Even if a borrower or its designated board members, either through control of the appointment and voting of sufficient members of the related condominium board or by virtue of other provisions in the related condominium documents, has consent rights over actions by the related condominium associations or owners, we cannot assure you that the related condominium board will not take actions that would materially adversely affect the related borrower's unit. Thus, decisions made by that board of managers or directors, including regarding assessments to be paid by the unit owners, insurance to be maintained on the condominium and many other decisions affecting the maintenance of that condominium, may have a significant adverse impact on the related mortgage loans in the issuing entity that are secured by mortgaged properties consisting of such condominium interests. We cannot assure you that the related board of managers or directors will always act in the best interests of the related borrower under the related mortgage loans.
The condominium board is generally responsible for administration of the affairs of the condominium, including providing for maintenance and repair of common areas, adopting rules and regulations regarding common areas, and obtaining insurance and repairing and restoring the common areas of the property after a casualty. Notwithstanding the insurance and casualty provisions of the related mortgage loan documents, the condominium board may have the right to control the use of casualty proceeds.
In addition, the condominium board generally has the right to assess individual unit owners for their share of expenses related to the operation and maintenance of the common elements. In the event that an owner of another unit fails to pay its allocated assessments, the related borrower may be required to pay such assessments in order to properly maintain and operate the common elements of the property. Although the condominium board generally may obtain a lien against any unit owner for common expenses that are not paid, such lien generally is extinguished if a lender takes possession pursuant to a foreclosure. Each unit owner is responsible for maintenance of its respective unit and retains essential operational control over its unit.
In addition, due to the nature of condominiums, a default on the part of the borrower with respect to such mortgaged properties will not allow the special servicer the same flexibility in realizing on the collateral as-is generally available with respect to commercial properties that are not condominium units. The rights of other unit or property owners, the documents governing the management of the condominium units and the state and local laws applicable to condominium units must be considered. In addition, in the event of a casualty with respect to a condominium, due to the possible existence of multiple loss payees on any insurance policy covering such property, there could be a delay in the allocation of related insurance proceeds, if any. Consequently, servicing and realizing upon the collateral described above could subject the certificateholders to a greater delay, expense and risk than with respect to a mortgage loan secured by a commercial property that is not a condominium unit.
Certain condominium declarations and/or local laws provide for the withdrawal of a property from a condominium structure under certain circumstances. For example, the New York Condominium Act provides for a withdrawal of the property from a condominium structure by vote of 80% of unit owners. If the condominium is terminated, the building will be subject to an action for partition by any unit owner or lienor as if owned in common. This could cause an early and unanticipated prepayment of the mortgage loan. We cannot assure you that the proceeds from partition would be sufficient to satisfy borrower's obligations under the mortgage loan. See also "—Risks Related to Zoning Non-Compliance and Use Restrictions" for certain risks relating to use restrictions imposed pursuant to condominium declarations or other condominium especially in a situation where the mortgaged property does not represent the entire condominium building.
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Condominium Interests".]
Operation of a Mortgaged Property Depends on the Property Manager's Performance
The successful operation of a real estate project depends upon the property manager's performance and viability. The property manager is responsible for:
· | responding to changes in the local market; |
· | planning and implementing the rental structure; |
· | operating the property and providing building services; |
· | managing operating expenses; and |
· | assuring that maintenance and capital improvements are carried out in a timely fashion. |
Properties deriving revenues primarily from short term sources, such as hotel guests or short term or month to month leases, are generally more management intensive than properties leased to creditworthy tenants under long term leases.
Certain of the mortgaged properties will be managed by affiliates of the related borrower. If a mortgage loan is in default or undergoing special servicing, such relationship could disrupt the management of the related mortgaged property, which may adversely affect cash flow. However, the related mortgage loans will generally permit, in the case of mortgaged properties managed by borrower affiliates, the lender to remove the related property manager upon the occurrence of an event of default under the related mortgage loan beyond applicable cure periods (or, in some cases, in the event of a foreclosure following such default), and in some cases a decline in cash flow below a specified level or the failure to satisfy some other specified performance trigger.
Concentrations Based on Property Type, Geography, Related Borrowers and Other Factors May Disproportionately Increase Losses
The effect of mortgage pool loan losses will be more severe if the losses relate to mortgage loans that account for a disproportionately large percentage of the pool's aggregate principal balance. As mortgage loans pay down or properties are released, the remaining mortgage loans may face a higher risk with respect to the diversity of property types and property characteristics and with respect to the number of borrowers.
See the table entitled "Remaining Term to Maturity/ARD in Months" in Annex A-2 for a stratification of the remaining terms to maturity of the mortgage loans. Because principal on the certificates and/or trust components is payable in sequential order of payment priority, and a class or trust component receives principal only after the preceding class(es) or trust component(s) have been paid in full, classes or trust components that have a lower sequential priority are more likely to face these types of risk of concentration than classes or trust components with a higher sequential priority.
Several of the mortgage loans have cut-off date balances that are substantially higher than the average cut-off date balance. In general, concentrations in mortgage loans with larger-than-average balances can result in losses that are more severe, relative to the size of the mortgage loan pool, than would be the case if the aggregate balance of the mortgage loan pool were more evenly distributed.
A concentration of mortgage loans secured by the same mortgaged property types can increase the risk that a decline in a particular industry or business would have a disproportionately large impact on the pool of mortgage loans. Mortgaged property types representing more than 5.0% of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date (based on allocated loan amount) are [LIST APPLICABLE PROPERTY TYPES]. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Property Types" for information on the types of mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans in the mortgage pool.
Repayments by borrowers and the market value of the related mortgaged properties could be affected by economic conditions generally or specific to particular geographic areas or regions of the United States, and concentrations of mortgaged properties in particular geographic areas may increase the risk that conditions in the real estate market where the mortgaged property is located, or other adverse economic or other developments or natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes, floods, forest fires, tornadoes or hurricanes or changes in governmental rules or fiscal policies) affecting a particular region of the country, could increase the frequency and severity of losses on mortgage loans secured by those mortgaged properties.
Mortgaged properties securing more than 5.0% of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date (based on allocated loan amount) are located in [LIST STATES OR OTHER JURISDICTIONS]. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Geographic Concentrations".
Some of the mortgaged properties are located in areas that, based on low population density, poor economic demographics (such as higher than average unemployment rates, lower than average annual household income and/or overall loss of jobs) and/or negative trends in such regards, would be considered secondary or tertiary markets.
A concentration of mortgage loans with the same borrower or related borrowers also can pose increased risks:
· | if a borrower that owns or controls several mortgaged properties (whether or not all of them secure mortgage loans in the mortgage pool) experiences financial difficulty at one mortgaged property, it could defer maintenance at another mortgaged property in order to satisfy current expenses with respect to the first mortgaged property; |
· | a borrower could also attempt to avert foreclosure by filing a bankruptcy petition that might have the effect of interrupting debt service payments on the mortgage loans in the mortgage pool secured by that borrower's mortgaged properties (subject to the master servicer's and the trustee's obligation to make advances for monthly payments) for an indefinite period; and |
· | mortgaged properties owned by the same borrower or related borrowers are likely to have common management, common general partners and/or common managing members increasing the risk that financial or other difficulties experienced by such related parties could have a greater impact on the pool of mortgage loans. See "—A Bankruptcy Proceeding May Result in Losses and Delays in Realizing on the Mortgage Loans" below. |
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics" for information on the composition of the mortgage pool by property type and geographic distribution and loan concentration.
Adverse Environmental Conditions at or Near Mortgaged Properties May Result in Losses
The issuing entity could become liable for a material adverse environmental condition at an underlying mortgaged property. Any such potential liability could reduce or delay payments on the offered certificates.
Each of the mortgaged properties was either (i) subject to environmental site assessments prior to the time of origination of the related mortgage loan (or, in certain limited cases, after origination) including Phase I environmental site assessments or updates of previously performed Phase I environmental site assessments, or (ii) subject to a secured creditor environmental insurance policy or other environmental insurance policy. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Environmental Considerations".
We cannot assure you that the environmental assessments revealed all existing or potential environmental risks or that all adverse environmental conditions have been or will be completely abated or remediated or that any reserves, insurance or operations and maintenance plans will be sufficient to remediate the environmental conditions. Moreover, we cannot assure you that:
· | future laws, ordinances or regulations will not impose any material environmental liability; or |
· | the current environmental condition of the mortgaged properties will not be adversely affected by tenants or by the condition of land or operations in the vicinity of the mortgaged properties (such as underground storage tanks). |
We cannot assure you that with respect to any mortgaged property that any remediation plan or any projected remedial costs or time is accurate or sufficient to complete the remediation objectives, or that no additional contamination requiring environmental investigation or remediation will not be discovered on any mortgaged property. Likewise, all environmental policies naming the lender as named insured cover certain risks or events specifically identified in the policy, but the coverage is limited by its terms, conditions, limitations and exclusions, and does not purport to cover all environmental conditions whatsoever affecting the applicable mortgaged property, and we cannot assure you that any environmental conditions currently known, suspected, or unknown and discovered in the future will be covered by the terms of the policy.
Before the trustee, the special servicer or the master servicer, as applicable, acquires title to a mortgaged property on behalf of the issuing entity or assumes operation of the property, it will be required to obtain an environmental assessment of such mortgaged property, or rely on a recent environmental assessment. This requirement is intended to mitigate the risk that the issuing entity will become liable under any environmental law. There is accordingly some risk that the mortgaged property will decline in value while this assessment is being obtained or remedial action is being taken. Moreover, we cannot assure you that this requirement will effectively insulate the issuing entity from potential liability under environmental laws. Any such potential liability could reduce or delay distributions to certificateholders.
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Environmental Considerations" for additional information on environmental conditions at mortgaged properties securing certain mortgage loans in the issuing entity. See also representation number [__] in Annex D-1 and the identified exceptions to that representation in Annex D-2.
See "Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers—Bank of America, National Association,— Bank of America's Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards—Environmental Site Assessment", "—[__________]", "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Realization Upon Mortgage Loans" and "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans".
See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Environmental Considerations".
Risks Related to Redevelopment, Expansion and Renovation at Mortgaged Properties
Certain of the mortgaged properties are properties which are currently undergoing or, in the future, are expected to undergo redevelopment, expansion or renovation. To the extent applicable, we cannot assure you that any escrow or reserve collected, if any, will be sufficient to complete the current renovation or be otherwise sufficient to satisfy any tenant improvement expenses at a mortgaged property. Failure to complete those planned improvements may have a material adverse effect on the cash flow at the mortgaged property and the related borrower's ability to meet its payment obligations under the mortgage loan documents.
[Certain of the hotel properties securing the mortgage loans are currently undergoing or are scheduled to undergo renovations or property improvement plans ("PIPs"). In some circumstances, these renovations or PIPs may necessitate taking a portion of the available guest rooms temporarily offline, temporarily decreasing the number of available rooms and the revenue generating capacity of the related hotel property. In other cases, these renovations may involve renovations of common spaces or external features of the related hotel property, which may cause disruptions or otherwise decrease the attractiveness of the related hotel property to potential guests. These PIPs may be required under the related franchise or management agreement and a failure to timely complete them may result in a termination or expiration of a franchise or management agreement and may be an event of default under the related mortgage loan.]
[Certain of the retail properties securing the mortgage loans are currently undergoing or are scheduled to undergo renovations or property expansions. Such renovations or expansions may be required under tenant leases and a failure to timely complete such renovations or expansions may result in a termination of such lease and may have a material adverse effect on the cash flow at the mortgaged property and the related borrower's ability to meet its payment obligations under the mortgage loan documents.]
We cannot assure you that current or planned redevelopment, expansion or renovation will be completed at all, that such redevelopment, expansion or renovation will be completed in the time frame contemplated, or that, when and if such redevelopment, expansion or renovation is completed, such redevelopment, expansion or renovation will improve the operations at, or increase the value of, the related mortgaged property. Failure of any of the foregoing to occur could have a material negative impact on the related mortgaged property, which could affect the ability of the related borrower to repay the related mortgage loan.
In the event the related borrower fails to pay the costs for work completed or material delivered in connection with such ongoing redevelopment, expansion or renovation, the portion of the mortgaged property on which there are renovations may be subject to mechanic's or materialmen's liens that may be senior to the lien of the related mortgage loan.
The existence of construction or renovation at a mortgaged property may take rental units or rooms or leasable space "off-line" or otherwise make space unavailable for rental, impair access or traffic at or near the mortgaged property, or, in general, make that mortgaged property less attractive to tenants or their customers, and accordingly could have a negative effect on net operating income. In addition, any such construction or renovation at a mortgaged property may temporarily interfere with the use and operation of any portion of such mortgaged property. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Redevelopment, Renovation and Expansion" for information regarding mortgaged properties which are currently undergoing or, in the future, are expected to undergo redevelopment, expansion or renovation. See also Annex A-2 for additional information on redevelopment, renovation and expansion at the mortgaged properties securing the [10] largest mortgage loans.
Some Mortgaged Properties May Not Be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses
Certain mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans may have specialty use tenants and may not be readily convertible (or convertible at all) to alternative uses if those properties were to become unprofitable for any reason.
For example, retail, mixed-use or office properties may have theater tenants. Properties with theater tenants are exposed to certain unique risks. Aspects of building site design and adaptability affect the value of a theater. In addition, decreasing attendance at a theater could adversely affect revenue of the theater, which may, in turn, cause the tenant to experience financial difficulties, resulting in downgrades in their credit ratings and, in certain cases, bankruptcy filings. In addition, because of unique construction requirements of theaters, any vacant theater space would not easily be converted to other uses.
Retail, mixed-use or office properties may also have health clubs as tenants. Several factors may adversely affect the value and successful operation of a health club, including:
the physical attributes of the health club (e.g., its age, appearance and layout);
the reputation, safety, convenience and attractiveness of the property to users;
management's ability to control membership growth and attrition;
competition in the tenant's marketplace from other health clubs and alternatives to health clubs; and
adverse changes in economic and social conditions and demographic changes (e.g., population decreases or changes in average age or income), which may result in decreased demand.
In addition, there may be significant costs associated with changing consumer preferences (e.g., multipurpose clubs from single-purpose clubs or varieties of equipment, classes, services and amenities). In addition, health clubs may not be readily convertible to alternative uses if those properties were to become unprofitable for any reason. The liquidation value of any such health club consequently may be less than would be the case if the property were readily adaptable to changing consumer preferences for other uses.
Certain retail, mixed use or office properties may be partially comprised of a parking garage. Parking garages and parking lots present risks not associated with other properties. The primary source of income for parking lots and garages is the rental fees charged for parking spaces.
Factors affecting the success of a parking lot or garage include:
the number of rentable parking spaces and rates charged;
the location of the lot or garage and, in particular, its proximity to places where large numbers of people work, shop or live;
the amount of alternative parking spaces in the area;
the availability of mass transit; and
the perceptions of the safety, convenience and services of the lot or garage.
Aspects of building site design and adaptability affect the value of a parking garage facility. Site characteristics that are valuable to a parking garage facility include location, clear ceiling heights, column spacing, zoning restrictions, number of spaces and overall functionality and accessibility.
In addition, because of the unique construction requirements of many parking garages and because a parking lot is often vacant paved land without any structure, a vacant parking garage facility or parking lot may not be easily converted to other uses.
Mortgaged properties may have other specialty use tenants, such as medical and dental offices, gas stations, data centers, urgent care facilities, daycare centers and/or restaurants, as part of the mortgaged property.
In the case of specialty use tenants such as restaurants and theaters, aspects of building site design and adaptability affect the value of such properties and other retailers at the mortgaged property. Decreasing patronage at such properties could adversely affect revenue of the property, which may, in turn, cause the tenants to experience financial difficulties, resulting in downgrades in their credit, lease defaults, ratings and, in certain cases, bankruptcy filings. See "Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases—Tenant Bankruptcy Could Result in a Rejection of the Related Lease" below. Additionally, receipts at such properties are also affected not only by objective factors but by subjective factors. For instance, restaurant receipts are affected by such varied influences as the current personal income levels in the community, an individual consumer's preference for type of food, style of dining and restaurant atmosphere, the perceived popularity of the restaurant, food safety concerns related to personal health with the handling of food items at the restaurant or by food suppliers and the actions and/or behaviors of staff and management and level of service to the customers. In addition, because of unique construction requirements of such properties, any vacant space would not easily be converted to other uses.
Mortgaged properties with specialty use tenants may not be readily convertible (or convertible at all) to alternative uses if those properties were to become unprofitable, or the leased spaces were to become vacant, for any reason due to their unique construction requirements. In addition, converting commercial properties to alternate uses generally requires substantial capital expenditures and could result in a significant adverse effect on, or interruption of, the revenues generated by such properties.
In addition, a mortgaged property may not be readily convertible due to restrictive covenants related to such mortgaged property, including in the case of mortgaged properties that are subject to a condominium regime or subject to a ground lease, the use and other restrictions imposed by the condominium declaration and other related documents, especially in a situation where a mortgaged property does not represent the entire condominium regime. See "—Condominium Ownership May Limit Use and Improvements" above.
Some of the mortgaged properties may be part of tax-reduction programs that apply only if the mortgaged properties are used for certain purposes. Such properties may be restricted from being converted to alternative uses because of such restrictions.
Some of the mortgaged properties have government tenants or other tenants which may have space that was "built to suit" that particular tenant's uses and needs. For example, a government tenant may require enhanced security features that required additional construction or renovation costs and for which the related tenant may pay above market rent. However, such enhanced features may not be necessary for a new tenant (and such new tenant may not be willing to pay the higher rent associated with such features). While a government office building or government leased space may be usable as a regular office building or tenant space, the rents that may be collected in the event the government tenant does not renew its lease may be significantly lower than the rent currently collected.
Additionally, zoning, historical preservation or other restrictions also may prevent alternative uses. See "—Risks Related to Zoning Non-Compliance and Use Restrictions" below.
Risks Related to Zoning Non-Compliance and Use Restrictions
Certain of the mortgaged properties may not comply with current zoning laws, including density, use, parking, height, landscaping, open space and set back requirements, due to changes in zoning requirements after such mortgaged properties were constructed. These properties, as well as those for which variances or special permits were issued or for which non-conformity with current zoning laws is otherwise permitted, are considered to be a "legal non-conforming use" and/or the improvements are considered to be "legal non-conforming structures". This means that the borrower is not required to alter its structure to comply with the existing or new law; however, the borrower may not be able to rebuild the premises "as-is" in the event of a substantial casualty loss. This may adversely affect the cash flow of the property following the loss. If a substantial casualty were to occur, we cannot assure you that insurance proceeds would be available to pay the mortgage loan in full. In addition, if a non-conforming use were to be discontinued and/or the property were repaired or restored in conformity with the current law, the value of the property or the revenue-producing potential of the property may not be equal to that before the casualty.
In addition, certain of the mortgaged properties that do not conform to current zoning laws may not be "legal non-conforming uses" or "legal non-conforming structures". The failure of a mortgaged property to comply with zoning laws or to be a "legal non-conforming use" or "legal non-conforming structure" may adversely affect market value of the mortgaged property or the borrower's ability to continue to use it in the manner it is currently being used or may necessitate material additional expenditures to remedy non-conformities. In some cases, the related borrower has obtained law and ordinance insurance to cover additional costs that result from rebuilding the mortgaged property in accordance with current zoning requirements. However, if as a result of the applicable zoning laws the rebuilt improvements are smaller or less attractive to tenants than the original improvements, the resulting loss in income will generally not be covered by law and ordinance insurance. Zoning protection insurance will generally reimburse the lender for the difference between (i) the mortgage loan balance on the date of damage loss to the mortgaged property from an insured peril and (ii) the total insurance proceeds at the time of the damage to the mortgaged property if such mortgaged property cannot be rebuilt to its former use due to new zoning ordinances.
In addition, certain of the mortgaged properties may be subject to certain use restrictions and/or operational requirements imposed pursuant to development agreements, ground leases, restrictive covenants, reciprocal easement agreements or operating agreements or historical landmark designations
or, in the case of those mortgaged properties that are condominiums, condominium declarations or other condominium use restrictions or regulations, especially in a situation where the mortgaged property does not represent the entire condominium building. Such use restrictions could include, for example, limitations on the character of the improvements or the properties, limitations affecting noise and parking requirements, among other things, and limitations on the borrowers' right to operate certain types of facilities within a prescribed radius. These limitations impose upon the borrower stricter requirements with respect to repairs and alterations, including following a casualty loss. These limitations could adversely affect the ability of the related borrower to lease the mortgaged property on favorable terms, thus adversely affecting the borrower's ability to fulfill its obligations under the related mortgage loan. In addition, any alteration, reconstruction, demolition, or new construction affecting a mortgaged property designated a historical landmark may require prior approval. Any such approval process, even if successful, could delay any redevelopment or alteration of a related property. The liquidation value of such property, to the extent subject to limitations of the kind described above or other limitations on convertibility of use, may be substantially less than would be the case if such property was readily adaptable to other uses or redevelopment. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Use Restrictions" for examples of mortgaged properties that are subject to restrictions relating to the use of the mortgaged properties.
Risks Relating to Inspections of Properties
Licensed engineers or consultants inspected the mortgaged properties at or about the time of the origination of the mortgage loans to assess items such as structural integrity of the buildings and other improvements on the mortgaged property, including exterior walls, roofing, interior construction, mechanical and electrical systems and general condition of the site, buildings and other improvements. However, we cannot assure you that all conditions requiring repair or replacement were identified. No additional property inspections were conducted in connection with the closing of the offered certificates.
Risks Relating to Costs of Compliance with Applicable Laws and Regulations
A borrower may be required to incur costs to comply with various existing and future federal, state or local laws and regulations applicable to the related mortgaged property, for example, zoning laws and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, which requires all public accommodations to meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by persons with disabilities. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Americans with Disabilities Act". The expenditure of these costs or the imposition of injunctive relief, penalties or fines in connection with the borrower's noncompliance could negatively impact the borrower's cash flow and, consequently, its ability to pay its mortgage loan.
Insurance May Not Be Available or Adequate
Although the mortgaged properties are required to be insured, or self-insured by a sole tenant of a related building or group of buildings, against certain risks, there is a possibility of casualty loss with respect to the mortgaged properties for which insurance proceeds may not be adequate or which may result from risks not covered by insurance.
In addition, certain types of mortgaged properties, such as manufactured housing and recreational vehicle communities, have few or no insurable buildings or improvements and thus do not have casualty insurance or low limits of casualty insurance in comparison with the related mortgage loan balances.
In addition, hazard insurance policies will typically contain co-insurance clauses that in effect require an insured at all times to carry insurance of a specified percentage, generally 80% to 90%, of the full replacement value of the improvements on the related mortgaged property in order to recover the full amount of any partial loss. As a result, even if insurance coverage is maintained, if the insured's coverage falls below this specified percentage, those clauses generally provide that the insurer's liability in the event of partial loss does not exceed the lesser of (1) the replacement cost of the improvements less physical depreciation and (2) that proportion of the loss as the amount of insurance carried bears to the specified percentage of the full replacement cost of those improvements.
Certain of the mortgaged properties may be located in areas that are considered a high earthquake risk (seismic zones 3 or 4). See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics—Geographic Concentrations".
Furthermore, with respect to certain mortgage loans, the insurable value of the related mortgaged property as of the origination date of the related mortgage loan was lower than the principal balance of the related mortgage loan. In the event of a casualty when a borrower is not required to rebuild or cannot rebuild, we cannot assure you that the insurance required with respect to the related mortgaged property will be sufficient to pay the related mortgage loan in full and there is no "gap" insurance required under such mortgage loan to cover any difference. In those circumstances, a casualty that occurs near the maturity date may result in an extension of the maturity date of the mortgage loan if the master servicer, in accordance with the servicing standard, determines that such extension was in the best interest of certificateholders.
The mortgage loans do not all require flood insurance on the related mortgaged properties unless they are in a flood zone and flood insurance is available and, in certain instances, even where the related mortgaged property was in a flood zone and flood insurance was available, flood insurance was not required.
We cannot assure you that the borrowers will in the future be able to comply with requirements to maintain adequate insurance with respect to the mortgaged properties, and any uninsured loss could have a material adverse impact on the amount available to make payments on the related mortgage loan, and consequently, the offered certificates. As with all real estate, if reconstruction (for example, following fire or other casualty) or any major repair or improvement is required to the damaged property, changes in laws and governmental regulations may be applicable and may materially affect the cost to, or ability of, the borrowers to effect such reconstruction, major repair or improvement. As a result, the amount realized with respect to the mortgaged properties, and the amount available to make payments on the related mortgage loan, and consequently, the offered certificates, could be reduced. In addition, we cannot assure you that the amount of insurance required or provided would be sufficient to cover damages caused by any casualty, or that such insurance will be available in the future at commercially reasonable rates. See representation number [__] in "Annex D-1—Mortgage Loan Representations and Warranties" and the exceptions to that representation in "Annex D-2—Exceptions to Mortgage Loan Representations and Warranties".
Terrorism Insurance May Not Be Available for All Mortgaged Properties
The occurrence or the possibility of terrorist attacks could (1) lead to damage to one or more of the mortgaged properties if any terrorist attacks occur or (2) result in higher costs for security and insurance premiums or diminish the availability of insurance coverage for losses related to terrorist attacks, particularly for large properties, which could adversely affect the cash flow at those mortgaged properties.
After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in New York City and the Washington, D.C. area, all forms of insurance were impacted, particularly from a cost and availability perspective, including comprehensive general liability and business interruption or rent loss insurance policies required by typical mortgage loans. To give time for private markets to develop a pricing mechanism for terrorism risk and to build capacity to absorb future losses that may occur due to terrorism, the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 was enacted on November 26, 2002, establishing the Terrorism Insurance Program. The Terrorism Insurance Program was extended through December 31, 2014 by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007 and was subsequently reauthorized on January 12, 2015 for a period of six years through December 31, 2020 pursuant to the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015 ("TRIPRA").
The Terrorism Insurance Program requires insurance carriers to provide terrorism coverage in their basic "all-risk" policies. Any commercial property and casualty terrorism insurance exclusion that was in force on November 26, 2002 is automatically void to the extent that it excluded losses that would otherwise be insured losses. Any state approval of those types of exclusions in force on November 26, 2002 is also void.
Under the Terrorism Insurance Program, the federal government shares in the risk of losses occurring within the United States resulting from acts committed in an effort to influence or coerce United States civilians or the United States government. The federal share of compensation for insured losses of an insurer equals 85% (subject to annual 1% decreases beginning in 2016 until such percentage equals 80%) of the portion of such insured losses that exceed a deductible equal to 20% of the value of the insurer's direct earned premiums over the calendar year immediately preceding that program year. Federal compensation in any program year is capped at $100 billion (with insurers being liable for any amount that exceeds such cap), and no compensation is payable with respect to a terrorist act unless the aggregate industry losses relating to such act exceed $100 million (subject to annual $20 million increases beginning in 2016 until such threshold equals $200 million). The Terrorism Insurance Program does not cover nuclear, biological, chemical or radiological attacks. Unless a borrower obtains separate coverage for events that do not meet the thresholds or other requirements above, such events will not be covered.
If the Terrorism Insurance Program is not reenacted after its expiration in 2020, premiums for terrorism insurance coverage will likely increase and the terms of such insurance policies may be materially amended to increase stated exclusions or to otherwise effectively decrease the scope of coverage available (perhaps to the point where it is effectively not available). In addition, to the extent that any insurance policies contain "sunset clauses" (i.e., clauses that void terrorism coverage if the federal insurance backstop program is not renewed), then such policies may cease to provide terrorism insurance upon the expiration of the Terrorism Insurance Program. We cannot assure you that the Terrorism Insurance Program or any successor program will create any long term changes in the availability and cost of such insurance. Moreover, future legislation, including regulations expected to be adopted by the Treasury Department pursuant to TRIPRA, may have a material effect on the availability of federal assistance in the terrorism insurance market. To the extent that uninsured or underinsured casualty losses occur with respect to the related mortgaged properties, losses on the mortgage loans may result. In addition, the failure to maintain such terrorism insurance may constitute a default under the related mortgage loan.
Some of the mortgage loans do not require the related borrower to maintain terrorism insurance. In addition, most of the mortgage loans contain limitations on the related borrower's obligation to obtain terrorism insurance, such as (i) waiving the requirement that such borrower maintain terrorism insurance if such insurance is not available at commercially reasonable rates, (ii) providing that the related borrower is not required to spend in excess of a specified dollar amount (or in some cases, a specified multiple of what is spent on other insurance) in order to obtain such terrorism insurance, (iii) requiring coverage only for as long as the TRIPRA is in effect, or (iv) requiring coverage only for losses arising from domestic acts of terrorism or from terrorist acts certified by the federal government as "acts of terrorism" under the TRIPRA. See "Annex A-3—Significant Loan Summaries" for a summary of the terrorism insurance requirements under each of the [ten] largest mortgage loans.
We cannot assure you that all of the mortgaged properties will be insured against the risks of terrorism and similar acts. As a result of any of the foregoing, the amount available to make distributions on your certificates could be reduced.
Other mortgaged properties securing mortgage loans may also be insured under a blanket policy or self-insured or insured by a sole tenant. See "—Risks Associated with Blanket Insurance Policies or Self-Insurance" below.
We cannot assure you that all of the mortgaged properties will be insured against the risks of terrorism and similar acts. As a result of any of the foregoing, the amount available to make distributions on your certificates could be reduced.
Risks Associated with Blanket Insurance Policies or Self-Insurance
Certain of the mortgaged properties are covered by blanket insurance policies, which also cover other properties of the related borrower or its affiliates (including certain properties in close proximity to the mortgaged properties). In the event that such policies are drawn on to cover losses on such other
properties, the amount of insurance coverage available under such policies would thereby be reduced and could be insufficient to cover each mortgaged property's insurable risks. In addition, with respect to some of the mortgaged properties, a sole or significant tenant is allowed to provide self-insurance against risks.
Additionally, if the mortgage loans that allow coverage under blanket insurance policies are part of a group of mortgage loans with related borrowers, then all of the related mortgaged properties may be covered under the same blanket policy, which may also cover other properties owned by affiliates of such borrowers.
Certain mortgaged properties may also be insured or self-insured by a sole or significant tenant, as further described under "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Insurance Considerations".
Limited Information Causes Uncertainty
Historical Information. Some of the mortgage loans that we intend to include in the issuing entity are secured in whole or in part by mortgaged properties for which limited or no historical operating information is available. As a result, you may find it difficult to analyze the historical performance of those mortgaged properties.
A mortgaged property may lack prior operating history or historical financial information because it is newly constructed or renovated, it is a recent acquisition by the related borrower or it is a single-tenant property that is subject to a triple net lease. In addition, a tenant's lease may contain confidentiality provisions that restrict the sponsors' access to or disclosure of such tenant's financial information. The underwritten net cash flows and underwritten net operating income for such mortgaged properties are derived principally from current rent rolls or tenant leases and historical expenses, adjusted to account for inflation, significant occupancy increases and a market rate management fee. In some cases, underwritten net cash flows and underwritten net operating income for mortgaged properties are based all or in part on leases (or letters of intent) that are not yet in place (and may still be under negotiation) or on tenants that may have signed a lease (or letter of intent), or lease amendment expanding the leased space, but are not yet in occupancy and/or paying rent), which present certain risks described in "—Underwritten Net Cash Flow Could Be Based On Incorrect or Failed Assumptions" below.
See Annex A-1 for certain historical financial information relating to the mortgaged properties, including net operating income for the most recent reporting period and prior three calendar years, to the extent available.
Ongoing Information. The primary source of ongoing information regarding the offered certificates, including information regarding the status of the related mortgage loans and any credit support for the offered certificates, will be the periodic reports delivered to you. See "Description of the Certificates—Reports to Certificateholders; Certain Available Information". We cannot assure you that any additional ongoing information regarding the offered certificates will be available through any other source. The limited nature of the available information in respect of the offered certificates may adversely affect their liquidity, even if a secondary market for the offered certificates does develop.
We are not aware of any source through which pricing information regarding the offered certificates will be generally available on an ongoing basis or on any particular date.
Underwritten Net Cash Flow Could Be Based On Incorrect or Failed Assumptions
As described under "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Additional Information", underwritten net cash flow generally includes cash flow (including any cash flow from master leases) adjusted based on a number of assumptions used by the sponsors. We make no representation that the underwritten net cash flow set forth in this prospectus as of the cut-off date or any other date represents actual future net cash flows. For example, with respect to certain mortgage loans included in the issuing entity, the occupancy of the related mortgaged property reflects tenants that (i) may not have yet actually executed leases (or letters of intent), (ii) have signed leases but have not yet taken occupancy and/or are not paying full
contractual rent, (iii) are seeking or may in the future seek to sublet all or a portion of their respective spaces, (iv) are "dark" tenants but paying rent, or (v) are affiliates of the related borrower and are leasing space pursuant to a master lease or a space lease. Similarly, with respect to certain mortgage loans included in the issuing entity, the underwritten net cash flow may be based on certain tenants that have not yet executed leases or that have signed leases but are not yet in place and/or are not yet paying rent, or have a signed lease or lease amendment expanding the leased space, but are not yet in occupancy in all or a portion of their space and/or paying rent, or may assume that future contractual rent steps (during some or all of the remaining term of a lease) have occurred. In many cases, co-tenancy provisions were assumed to be satisfied and vacant space was assumed to be occupied and space that was due to expire was assumed to have been re-let, in each case at market rates that may have exceeded current rent. You should review these and other similar assumptions and make your own determination of the appropriate assumptions to be used in determining underwritten net cash flow.
In addition, underwritten or adjusted cash flows, by their nature, are speculative and are based upon certain assumptions and projections. The failure of these assumptions or projections in whole or in part could cause the underwritten net operating income (calculated as described in "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Additional Information") to vary substantially from the actual net operating income of a mortgaged property.
In the event of the inaccuracy of any assumptions or projections used in connection with the calculation of underwritten net cash flow, the actual net cash flow could be significantly different (and, in some cases, may be materially less) than the underwritten net cash flow presented in this prospectus, and this would change other numerical information presented in this prospectus based on or derived from the underwritten net cash flow, such as the debt service coverage ratios or debt yield presented in this prospectus. We cannot assure you that any such assumptions or projections made with respect to any mortgaged property will, in fact, be consistent with that mortgaged property's actual performance.
The Mortgage Loans Have Not Been Reviewed or Re-Underwritten by Us
Although the sponsors have conducted a review of the mortgage loans to be sold to us for this securitization transaction, we, as the depositor, for this securitization transaction, have neither originated the mortgage loans nor conducted a review or re-underwriting of the mortgage loans. Instead, we have relied on the representations and warranties made by the applicable sponsors and the remedies for breach of a representation and warranty as described under "Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements" and the sponsor's description of its underwriting criteria described under "Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers—Bank of America, National Association—Bank of America's Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards." A description of the review conducted by each sponsor for this securitization transaction is set forth under "Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers—Bank of America, National Association—Review of Bank of America Mortgage Loans."
The representations and warranties made by the sponsors may not cover all of the matters that one would review in underwriting a mortgage loan and you should not view them as a substitute for re-underwriting the mortgage loans. Furthermore, these representations and warranties in some respects represent an allocation of risk rather than a confirmed description of the mortgage loans. If we had re-underwritten the mortgage loans, it is possible that the re-underwriting process may have revealed problems with a mortgage loan not covered by a representation or warranty or may have revealed inaccuracies in the representations and warranties. See "—Other Risks Relating to the Certificates—Sponsors May Not Make Required Repurchases or Substitutions of Defective Mortgage Loans or Pay Any Loss of Value Payment Sufficient to Cover All Losses on a Defective Mortgage Loan" below, and "Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements".
As a result of the foregoing, you are advised and encouraged to make your own investment decision based on a careful review of the information set forth in this prospectus and your own view of the mortgage pool.
Static Pool Data Would Not Be Indicative of the Performance of this Pool
As a result of the distinct nature of each pool of commercial mortgage loans, and the separate mortgage loans within the pool, this prospectus does not include disclosure concerning the delinquency and loss experience of static pools of periodic originations by any sponsor of assets of the type to be securitized (known as "static pool data"). In particular, static pool data showing a low level of delinquencies and defaults would not be indicative of the performance of this pool or any other pools of mortgage loans originated by the same sponsor or sponsors.
While there may be certain common factors affecting the performance and value of income-producing real properties in general, those factors do not apply equally to all income-producing real properties and, in many cases, there are unique factors that will affect the performance and/or value of a particular income-producing real property. Moreover, the effect of a given factor on a particular real property will depend on a number of variables, including but not limited to property type, geographic location, competition, sponsorship and other characteristics of the property and the related commercial mortgage loan. Each income-producing real property represents a separate and distinct business venture and, as a result, each of the mortgage loans requires a unique underwriting analysis. Furthermore, economic and other conditions affecting real properties, whether worldwide, national, regional or local, vary over time. The performance of a pool of mortgage loans originated and outstanding under a given set of economic conditions may vary significantly from the performance of an otherwise comparable mortgage pool originated and outstanding under a different set of economic conditions.
Therefore, you should evaluate this offering on the basis of the information set forth in this prospectus with respect to the mortgage loans, and not on the basis of the performance of other pools of securitized commercial mortgage loans.
Appraisals May Not Reflect Current or Future Market Value of Each Property
Appraisals were obtained with respect to each of the mortgaged properties at or about the time of origination of the applicable mortgage loan (or whole loan, if applicable) or at or around the time of the acquisition of the mortgage loan (or whole loan, if applicable) by the related sponsor. See Annex A-1 for the dates of the latest appraisals for the mortgaged properties. We have not obtained new appraisals of the mortgaged properties or assigned new valuations to the mortgage loans in connection with the offering of the offered certificates. The market values of the mortgaged properties could have declined since the origination of the related mortgage loans.
In general, appraisals represent the analysis and opinion of qualified appraisers and are not guarantees of present or future value. One appraiser may reach a different conclusion than that of a different appraiser with respect to the same property. The appraisals seek to establish the amount a typically motivated buyer would pay a typically motivated seller and, in certain cases, may have taken into consideration the purchase price paid by the borrower. The amount could be significantly higher than the amount obtained from the sale of a mortgaged property in a distress or liquidation sale.
Information regarding the appraised values of the mortgaged properties (including loan-to-value ratios) presented in this prospectus is not intended to be a representation as to the past, present or future market values of the mortgaged properties. For example, in some cases, a borrower or its affiliate may have acquired the related mortgaged property for a price or otherwise for consideration in an amount that is less than the related appraised value specified on Annex A-1, including at a foreclosure sale or through acceptance of a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. Historical operating results of the mortgaged properties used in these appraisals, as adjusted by various assumptions, estimates and subjective judgments on the part of the appraiser, may not be comparable to future operating results. In addition, certain appraisals may be based on extraordinary assumptions, including without limitation, that certain tenants are in-place and paying rent when such tenants have not yet taken occupancy or that certain renovations or property improvement plans have been completed. Additionally, certain appraisals with respect to mortgage loans secured by multiple mortgaged properties may have been conducted on a portfolio basis rather than on an individual property basis, and the sum of the values of the individual properties may be different from (and in some cases may be less than) the appraised value of the aggregate of such properties on a
portfolio basis. In addition, other factors may impair the mortgaged properties' value without affecting their current net operating income, including:
changes in governmental regulations, zoning or tax laws;
potential environmental or other legal liabilities;
the availability of refinancing; and
changes in interest rate levels.
In certain cases, appraisals may reflect [both "as-stabilized" and "as-is"] values. However, the appraised value reflected in this prospectus with respect to each mortgaged property, except as described under "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Calculations and Definitions", reflects only the "as-is" value (or, in certain cases, may reflect the "as-stabilized" value as a result of the satisfaction of the related conditions or assumptions unless otherwise specified), which may contain certain assumptions, such as future construction completion, projected re-tenanting or increased tenant occupancies. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Appraised Value".
Additionally, with respect to the appraisals setting forth assumptions, particularly those setting forth extraordinary assumptions, as to the "as-is" and "as-stabilized" values, we cannot assure you that those assumptions are or will be accurate or that the "as-stabilized" value will be the value of the related mortgaged property at the indicated stabilization date or at maturity or anticipated repayment date. Any engineering report, site inspection or appraisal represents only the analysis of the individual consultant, engineer or inspector preparing such report at the time of such report, and may not reveal all necessary or desirable repairs, maintenance and capital improvement items. See "Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers— Bank of America's Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards" for additional information regarding the appraisals. We cannot assure you that the information set forth in this prospectus regarding the appraised values or loan-to-value ratios accurately reflects past, present or future market values of the mortgaged properties or the amount that would be realized upon a sale of the related mortgaged property.
[Seasoned Mortgage Loans Present Additional Risk of Repayment
Certain of the mortgage loans are seasoned mortgage loans and were originated [__] and [__] months, respectively, prior to the cut-off date. There are a number of risks associated with seasoned mortgage loans that are not present, or are present to a lesser degree, with more recently originated mortgage loans. For example:
property values and surrounding areas have likely changed since origination; origination standards at the time the mortgage loans were originated may have been different than current origination standards;
the business circumstances and financial condition of the related borrowers and tenants may have changed since the mortgage loans were originated;
the environmental circumstances at the mortgaged properties may have changed since the mortgage loans were originated;
the physical condition of the mortgaged properties or improvements may have changed since origination; and
the circumstances of the mortgaged properties, the borrower and the tenants may have changed in other respects since.
In addition, any seasoned mortgage loan may not satisfy all of the related sponsor's underwriting standards. See "Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers".]
The Performance of a Mortgage Loan and Its Related Mortgaged Property Depends in Part on Who Controls the Borrower and Mortgaged Property
The operation and performance of a mortgage loan will depend in part on the identity of the persons or entities who control the borrower and the mortgaged property. The performance of a mortgage loan may be adversely affected if control of a borrower changes, which may occur, for example, by means of transfers of direct or indirect ownership interests in the borrower, or if the mortgage loan is assigned to and assumed by another person or entity along with a transfer of the property to that person or entity.
Many of the mortgage loans generally place certain restrictions on the transfer and/or pledging of general partnership and managing member equity interests in a borrower, such as specific percentage or control limitations, although some have current or permit future mezzanine or subordinate debt. We cannot assure you the ownership of any of the borrowers would not change during the term of the related mortgage loan and result in a material adverse effect on your certificates. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Additional Indebtedness" and "—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—"Due-On-Sale" and "Due-On-Encumbrance" Provisions".
The Borrower's Form of Entity May Cause Special Risks
The borrowers are legal entities rather than individuals. Mortgage loans made to legal entities may entail greater risks of loss than those associated with mortgage loans made to individuals. For example, a legal entity, as opposed to an individual, may be more inclined to seek legal protection from its creditors under the bankruptcy laws. Unlike individuals involved in bankruptcies, most entities generally, but not in all cases, do not have personal assets and creditworthiness at stake.
The terms of certain of the mortgage loans require that the borrowers be single-purpose entities and, in most cases, such borrowers' organizational documents or the terms of the mortgage loans limit their activities to the ownership of only the related mortgaged property or mortgaged properties and limit the borrowers' ability to incur additional indebtedness. Such provisions are designed to mitigate the possibility that the borrower's financial condition would be adversely impacted by factors unrelated to the related mortgaged property and mortgage loan. Such borrower may also have previously owned property other than the related mortgaged property or may be a so-called "recycled" single-purpose entity that previously had other business activities and liabilities. However, we cannot assure you that such borrowers have in the past complied, and will comply, with such requirements, and in some cases unsecured debt exists and/or is allowed in the future. Furthermore, in many cases such borrowers are not required to observe all covenants and conditions which typically are required in order for such borrowers to be viewed under standard rating agency criteria as "single purpose entities".
Although a borrower may currently be a single purpose entity, in certain cases the borrowers were not originally formed as single purpose entities, but at origination of the related mortgage loan their organizational documents were amended. That borrower may have previously owned property other than the related mortgaged property and may not have observed all covenants that typically are required to consider a borrower a "single purpose entity" and thus may have liabilities arising from events prior to becoming a single purpose entity.
The organizational documents of a borrower or the direct or indirect managing partner or member of a borrower may also contain requirements that there be one or two independent directors, managers or trustees (depending on the entity form of such borrower) whose vote is required before the borrower files a voluntary bankruptcy or insolvency petition or otherwise institutes insolvency proceedings. Generally, but not always, the independent directors, managers or trustees may only be replaced with certain other independent successors. Although the requirement of having independent directors, managers or trustees is designed to mitigate the risk of a voluntary bankruptcy filing by a solvent borrower, a borrower could file for bankruptcy without obtaining the consent of its independent director(s) (and we cannot assure you that such bankruptcy would be dismissed as an unauthorized filing), and in any case the independent directors, managers or trustees may determine that a bankruptcy filing is an appropriate course of action to be taken by such borrower. Although the independent directors, managers or trustees generally owe no fiduciary duties to entities other than the borrower itself, such determination might take
into account the interests and financial condition of such borrower's parent entities and such parent entities' other subsidiaries in addition to those of the borrower. Consequently, the financial distress of an affiliate of a borrower might increase the likelihood of a bankruptcy filing by a borrower.
The bankruptcy of a borrower, or a general partner or managing member of a borrower, may impair the ability of the lender to enforce its rights and remedies under the related mortgage. Certain of the mortgage loans have been made to single purpose limited partnerships that have a general partner or general partners that are not themselves single purpose entities. Such loans are subject to additional bankruptcy risk. The organizational documents of the general partner in such cases do not limit it to acting as the general partner of the partnership. Accordingly there is a greater risk that the general partner may become insolvent for reasons unrelated to the mortgaged property. The bankruptcy of a general partner may dissolve the partnership under applicable state law. In addition, even if the partnership itself is not insolvent, actions by the partnership and/or a bankrupt general partner that are outside the ordinary course of their business, such as refinancing the related mortgage loan, may require prior approval of the bankruptcy court in the general partner's bankruptcy case. The proceedings required to resolve these issues may be costly and time-consuming.
Any borrower, even an entity structured as a single purpose entity, as an owner of real estate, will be subject to certain potential liabilities and risks as an owner of real estate. We cannot assure you that any borrower will not file for bankruptcy protection or that creditors of a borrower or a corporate or individual general partner or managing member of a borrower will not initiate a bankruptcy or similar proceeding against such borrower or corporate or individual general partner or managing member.
Certain borrowers' organizational documents or the terms of certain mortgage loans permit an affiliated property manager to maintain a custodial account on behalf of such borrower and certain affiliates of such borrower into which funds available to such borrower under the terms of the related mortgage loans and funds of such affiliates are held, but which funds are and will continue to be separately accounted for as to each item of income and expense for each related mortgaged property and each related borrower. A custodial account structure for affiliated entities, while common among certain REITs, institutions or independent owners of multiple properties, presents a risk for consolidation of the assets of such affiliates as commingling of funds is a factor a court may consider in considering a request by other creditors for substantive consolidation. Substantive consolidation is an equitable remedy that could result in an otherwise solvent company becoming subject to the bankruptcy proceedings of an insolvent affiliate, making its assets available to repay the debts of affiliated companies. A court has the discretion to order substantive consolidation in whole or in part and may include non-debtor affiliates of the bankrupt entity in the proceedings. In particular, consolidation may be ordered when corporate funds are commingled and used for a principal's personal purposes, inadequate records of transfers are made and corporate entities are deemed an alter ego of a principal. Strict adherence to maintaining separate books and records, avoiding commingling of assets and otherwise maintaining corporate policies designed to preserve the separateness of corporate assets and liabilities make it less likely that a court would order substantive consolidation, but we cannot assure you that the related borrowers, property managers or affiliates will comply with these requirements as set forth in the related mortgage loans.
Furthermore, with respect to any affiliated borrowers, creditors of a common parent in bankruptcy may seek to consolidate the assets of such borrowers with those of the parent. Consolidation of the assets of such borrowers would likely have an adverse effect on the funds available to make distributions on your certificates, and may lead to a downgrade, withdrawal or qualification of the ratings of your certificates.
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—Single Purpose Entity Covenants" and "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Bankruptcy Laws".
In addition, borrowers may own a mortgaged property as a Delaware statutory trust or as tenants-in-common. Delaware statutory trusts may be restricted in their ability to actively operate a property, and in the case of a mortgaged property that is owned by a Delaware statutory trust or by tenants-in-common, there is a risk that obtaining the consent of the holders of the beneficial interests in the Delaware statutory trust or the consent of the tenants-in-common will be time consuming and cause
delays with respect to the taking of certain actions by or on behalf of the borrower, including with respect to the related mortgaged property. See "—Tenancies-in-Common May Hinder Recovery" below. See also "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Delaware Statutory Trusts".
A Bankruptcy Proceeding May Result in Losses and Delays in Realizing on the Mortgage Loans
Numerous statutory provisions, including the Bankruptcy Code and state laws affording relief to debtors, may interfere with and delay the ability of a secured mortgage lender to obtain payment of a loan, to realize upon collateral and/or to enforce a deficiency judgment. For example, under the Bankruptcy Code, virtually all actions (including foreclosure actions and deficiency judgment proceedings) are automatically stayed upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition, and, often, no interest or principal payments are made during the course of the bankruptcy proceeding. Also, under federal bankruptcy law, the filing of a petition in bankruptcy by or on behalf of a junior lien holder may stay the senior lender from taking action to foreclose out such junior lien. Certain of the mortgage loans have sponsors that have previously filed bankruptcy and we cannot assure you that such sponsors will not be more likely than other sponsors to utilize their rights in bankruptcy in the event of any threatened action by the mortgagee to enforce its rights under the related mortgage loan documents. As a result, the issuing entity's recovery with respect to borrowers in bankruptcy proceedings may be significantly delayed, and the aggregate amount ultimately collected may be substantially less than the amount owed. See "—Other Financings or Ability To Incur Other Indebtedness Entails Risk" below, "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Loan Purpose; Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings" and "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Bankruptcy Laws".
Additionally, the courts of any state may refuse the foreclosure of a mortgage or deed of trust when an acceleration of the indebtedness would be inequitable or unjust or the circumstances would render the action unconscionable. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Foreclosure".
See also "—Performance of the Mortgage Loan Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases—Tenant Bankruptcy Could Result in a Rejection of the Related Lease" above.
Litigation Regarding the Mortgaged Properties or Borrowers May Impair Your Distributions
There may be (and there may exist from time to time) pending or threatened legal proceedings against, or disputes with, the borrowers, the borrower sponsors and the managers of the mortgaged properties and their respective affiliates arising out of their ordinary business. We have not undertaken a search for all legal proceedings that relate to the borrowers, borrower sponsors or managers for the mortgaged properties and their respective affiliates. Potential investors are advised and encouraged to perform their own searches related to such matters to the extent relevant to their investment decision. Any such litigation or dispute may materially impair distributions to certificateholders if borrowers must use property income to pay judgments, legal fees or litigation costs. We cannot assure you that any litigation or dispute or any settlement of any litigation or dispute will not have a material adverse effect on your investment.
Additionally, a borrower or a principal of a borrower or affiliate may have been a party to a bankruptcy, foreclosure, litigation or other proceeding, particularly against a lender, or has been convicted of a crime in the past. In addition, certain of the borrower sponsors, property managers, affiliates of any of the foregoing and/or entities controlled thereby have been a party to bankruptcy proceedings, mortgage loan defaults and restructures, discounted payoffs, foreclosure proceedings or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure transactions, or other material proceedings (including criminal proceedings) in the past, whether or not related to the mortgaged property securing a mortgage loan in this securitization transaction. In some cases, mortgaged properties securing certain of the mortgage loans previously secured other loans that had been in default, restructured or the subject of a discounted payoff, foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure.
Certain of the borrower sponsors may have a history of litigation or other proceedings against their lender, in some cases involving various parties to a securitization transaction. We cannot assure you that the borrower sponsors that have engaged in litigation or other proceedings in the past will not commence action against the issuing entity in the future upon any attempt by the special servicer to enforce the mortgage loan documents. Any such actions by the borrower or borrower sponsor may result in significant expense and potential loss to the issuing entity and a shortfall in funds available to make payments on the offered certificates. In addition, certain principals or borrower sponsors may have in the past been convicted of, or pled guilty to, a felony. We cannot assure you that the borrower or principal will not be more likely than other borrowers or principals to avail itself or cause a borrower to avail itself of its legal rights, under the federal bankruptcy code or otherwise, in the event of an action or threatened action by the lender or its servicer to enforce the related mortgage loan documents, or otherwise conduct its operations in a manner that is in the best interests of the lender and/or the mortgaged property. We cannot assure you that any such proceedings or actions will not have a material adverse effect upon distributions on your certificates. Further, borrowers, principals of borrowers, property managers and affiliates of such parties may, in the future, be involved in bankruptcy proceedings, foreclosure proceedings or other material proceedings (including criminal proceedings), whether or not related to the mortgage loans. We cannot assure you that any such proceedings will not negatively impact a borrower's or borrower sponsor's ability to meet its obligations under the related mortgage loan and, as a result could have a material adverse effect upon your certificates.
Often it is difficult to confirm the identity of owners of all of the equity in a borrower, which means that past issues may not be discovered as to such owners. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Litigation and Other Considerations" and "—Loan Purpose, Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings" for additional information on certain mortgage loans in the issuing entity. See also representation numbers [__] and [__] in Annex D-1 and the identified exceptions to those representations in Annex D-2. However, we cannot assure you that there are no undisclosed bankruptcy proceedings, foreclosure proceedings, deed-in-lieu-of-foreclosure transaction and/or mortgage loan workout matters that involved one or more mortgage loans or mortgaged properties, and/or a guarantor, borrower sponsor or other party to a mortgage loan.
In addition, in the event the owner of a borrower experiences financial problems, we cannot assure you that such owner would not attempt to take actions with respect to the mortgaged property that may adversely affect the borrower's ability to fulfill its obligations under the related mortgage loan. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Litigation and Other Considerations" for information regarding litigation matters with respect to certain mortgage loans.
Other Financings or Ability to Incur Other Indebtedness Entails Risk
When a borrower (or its constituent members) also has one or more other outstanding loans (even if they are pari passu, subordinated, mezzanine, preferred equity or unsecured loans or another type of equity pledge), the issuing entity is subjected to additional risk such as:
· | the borrower (or its constituent members) may have difficulty servicing and repaying multiple financings; |
· | the existence of other financings will generally also make it more difficult for the borrower to obtain refinancing of the related mortgage loan (or whole loan, if applicable) or sell the related mortgaged property and may thereby jeopardize repayment of the mortgage loan (or whole loan, if applicable); |
· | the need to service additional financings may reduce the cash flow available to the borrower to operate and maintain the mortgaged property and the value of the mortgaged property may decline as a result; |
· | if a borrower (or its constituent members) defaults on its mortgage loan and/or any other financing, actions taken by other lenders such as a suit for collection, foreclosure or an |
involuntary petition for bankruptcy against the borrower could impair the security available to the issuing entity, including the mortgaged property, or stay the issuing entity's ability to foreclose during the course of the bankruptcy case;
· | the bankruptcy of another lender also may operate to stay foreclosure by the issuing entity; and |
· | the issuing entity may also be subject to the costs and administrative burdens of involvement in foreclosure or bankruptcy proceedings or related litigation. |
Although the companion loans related to the whole loans (other than the trust subordinate companion loan, if any) are not assets of the issuing entity, each related borrower is still obligated to make interest and principal payments on such companion loans. As a result, the issuing entity is subject to additional risks, including:
· | the risk that the necessary maintenance of the related mortgaged property could be deferred to allow the borrower to pay the required debt service on these other obligations and that the value of the mortgaged property may fall as a result; and |
· | the risk that it may be more difficult for the borrower to refinance these loans or to sell the related mortgaged property for purposes of making any balloon payment on the entire balance of such loans and the related additional debt at maturity or anticipated repayment date. |
With respect to mezzanine financing (if any), while a mezzanine lender has no security interest in the related mortgaged properties, a default under a mezzanine loan could cause a change in control of the related borrower. With respect to mortgage loans that permit mezzanine financing, the relative rights of the mortgagee and the related mezzanine lender will generally be set forth in an intercreditor agreement, which agreements typically provide that the rights of the mezzanine lender (including the right to payment) against the borrower and mortgaged property are subordinate to the rights of the mortgage lender and that the mezzanine lender may not take any enforcement action against the mortgage borrower and mortgaged property.
In addition, the mortgage loan documents related to certain mortgage loans may have or permit future "preferred equity" structures, where one or more special limited partners or members receive a preferred return in exchange for an infusion of capital or other type of equity pledge that may require payments of a specified return or of excess cash flow. Such arrangements can present risks that resemble mezzanine debt, including dilution of the borrower's equity in the mortgaged property, stress on the cash flow in the form of a preferred return or excess cash payments, and/or potential changes in the management of the related mortgaged property in the event the preferred return is not satisfied.
Additionally, the terms of certain mortgage loans permit or require the borrowers to post letters of credit and/or surety bonds for the benefit of the related mortgage loan, which may constitute a contingent reimbursement obligation of the related borrower or an affiliate. The issuing bank or surety will not typically agree to subordination and standstill protection benefiting the mortgagee.
In addition, borrowers under most of the mortgage loans are generally permitted to incur trade payables and equipment financing, which may not be limited or may be significant, in order to operate the related mortgaged properties. Also, with respect to certain mortgage loans the related borrower either has incurred or is permitted to incur unsecured debt from an affiliate of either the borrower or the sponsor of the borrower. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Additional Indebtedness—Other Unsecured Indebtedness".
For additional information, see "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Additional Indebtedness" and "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan".
Tenancies-in-Common May Hinder Recovery
Certain of the mortgage loans included in the issuing entity have borrowers that own the related mortgaged properties as tenants-in-common. In general, with respect to a tenant-in-common ownership structure, each tenant-in-common owns an undivided share in the property and if such tenant-in-common desires to sell its interest in the property (and is unable to find a buyer or otherwise needs to force a partition) the tenant-in-common has the ability to request that a court order a sale of the property and distribute the proceeds to each tenant in common proportionally. As a result, if a tenant-in-common that has not waived its right of partition or similar right exercises a right of partition, the related mortgage loan may be subject to prepayment. The bankruptcy, dissolution or action for partition by one or more of the tenants-in-common could result in an early repayment of the related mortgage loan, significant delay in recovery against the tenant-in-common borrowers, particularly if the tenant-in-common borrowers file for bankruptcy separately or in series (because each time a tenant-in-common borrower files for bankruptcy, the bankruptcy court stay will be reinstated), a material impairment in property management and a substantial decrease in the amount recoverable upon the related mortgage loan. Not all tenants-in-common under the mortgage loans will be single purpose entities. [Each tenant-in-common borrower has waived its right to partition, reducing the risk of partition.] However, we cannot assure you that, if challenged, this waiver would be enforceable. In addition, in some cases, the related mortgage loan documents may provide for full recourse (or in an amount equal to its pro rata share of the debt) to the related tenant-in-common borrower or the guarantor if a tenant-in-common files for partition.
Risks Relating to Enforceability of Cross-Collateralization
Cross-collateralization arrangements may be terminated in certain circumstances under the terms of the related mortgage loan documents. Cross-collateralization arrangements whereby multiple borrowers grant their respective mortgaged properties as security for one or more mortgage loans could be challenged as fraudulent conveyances by the creditors or the bankruptcy estate of any of the related borrowers.
Among other things, a legal challenge to the granting of the liens may focus on the benefits realized by that borrower from the respective mortgage loan proceeds, as well as the overall cross-collateralization. If a court were to conclude that the granting of the liens was an avoidable fraudulent conveyance, that court could subordinate all or part of the mortgage loan to other debt of that borrower, recover prior payments made on that mortgage loan, or take other actions such as invalidating the mortgage loan or the mortgages securing the cross-collateralization. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Bankruptcy Laws".
In addition, when multiple real properties secure a mortgage loan, the amount of the mortgage encumbering any particular one of those properties may be less than the full amount of the related aggregate mortgage loan indebtedness, to minimize recording tax. This mortgage amount is generally established at 100% to 150% of the appraised value or allocated loan amount for the mortgaged property and will limit the extent to which proceeds from the property will be available to offset declines in value of the other properties securing the same mortgage loan.
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics" for a description of any mortgage loans that are cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with each other or that are secured by multiple properties owned by multiple borrowers.
Risks Relating to Enforceability of Yield Maintenance Charges, Prepayment Premiums or Defeasance Provisions
Provisions requiring yield maintenance charges, prepayment premiums or lockout periods may not be enforceable in some states and under federal bankruptcy law. Provisions requiring prepayment premiums or yield maintenance charges also may be interpreted as constituting the collection of interest for usury purposes. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that the obligation to pay a yield maintenance charge or prepayment premium will be enforceable. Also, we cannot assure you that foreclosure proceeds will be sufficient to pay an enforceable yield maintenance charge or prepayment premium.
Additionally, although the collateral substitution provisions related to defeasance do not have the same effect on the certificateholders as prepayment, we cannot assure you that a court would not interpret those provisions as the equivalent of a yield maintenance charge or prepayment premium. In certain jurisdictions those collateral substitution provisions might therefore be deemed unenforceable or usurious under applicable law or public policy.
Risks Associated with One Action Rules
Several states (such as California) have laws that prohibit more than one "judicial action" to enforce a mortgage obligation, and some courts have construed the term "judicial action" broadly. Accordingly, the special servicer will be required to obtain advice of counsel prior to enforcing any of the issuing entity's rights under any of the mortgage loans that include mortgaged properties where a "one action" rule could be applicable. In the case of a multi property mortgage loan which is secured by mortgaged properties located in multiple states, the special servicer may be required to foreclose first on properties located in states where "one action" rules apply (and where non judicial foreclosure is permitted) before foreclosing on properties located in states where judicial foreclosure is the only permitted method of foreclosure. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Foreclosure".
State Law Limitations on Assignments of Leases and Rents May Entail Risks
Generally mortgage loans included in an issuing entity secured by mortgaged properties that are subject to leases typically will be secured by an assignment of leases and rents pursuant to which the related borrower [(or with respect to any indemnity deed of trust structure, the related property owner)] assigns to the lender its right, title and interest as landlord under the leases of the related mortgaged properties, and the income derived from those leases, as further security for the related mortgage loan, while retaining a license to collect rents for so long as there is no default. If the borrower defaults, the license terminates and the lender is entitled to collect rents. Some state laws may require that the lender take possession of the related property and obtain a judicial appointment of a receiver before becoming entitled to collect the rents. In addition, if bankruptcy or similar proceedings are commenced by or in respect of the borrower, the lender's ability to collect the rents may be adversely affected. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Leases and Rents" and "—Bankruptcy Laws".
Various Other Laws Could Affect the Exercise of Lender's Rights
The laws of the jurisdictions in which the mortgaged properties are located (which laws may vary substantially) govern many of the legal aspects of the mortgage loans. These laws may affect the ability to foreclose on, and, in turn the ability to realize value from, the mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans. For example, state law determines:
· | what proceedings are required for foreclosure; |
· | whether the borrower and any foreclosed junior lienors may redeem the property and the conditions under which these rights of redemption may be exercised; |
· | whether and to what extent recourse to the borrower is permitted; and |
· | what rights junior mortgagees have and whether the amount of fees and interest that lenders may charge is limited. |
In addition, the laws of some jurisdictions may render certain provisions of the mortgage loans unenforceable or subject to limitations which may affect lender's rights under the mortgage loans. Delays in liquidations of defaulted mortgage loans and shortfalls in amounts realized upon liquidation as a result of the application of these laws may create delays and shortfalls in payments to certificateholders. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans".
[Risks of Anticipated Repayment Date Loans
Certain of the mortgage loans provide that, if after a certain date (referred to as the anticipated repayment date) the related borrower has not prepaid the mortgage loan in full, any principal outstanding after that anticipated repayment date will accrue interest at an increased interest rate rather than the stated mortgage loan rate. Generally, from and after the anticipated repayment date, cash flow in excess of that required for debt service, the funding of reserves and certain approved operating expenses with respect to the related mortgaged property will be applied toward the payment of principal (without payment of a yield maintenance charge) of the related mortgage loan until its principal balance has been reduced to zero. Although these provisions may create an incentive for the borrower to repay the mortgage loan in full on its anticipated repayment date, a substantial payment would be required and the borrower has no obligation to do so. While interest at the initial mortgage rate continues to accrue and be payable on a current basis on this mortgage loan after its anticipated repayment date, the payment of excess interest will be deferred and will be required to be paid only after the outstanding principal balance of the related mortgage loan has been paid in full, at which time the excess interest that has been deferred, to the extent actually collected, will be paid to the holders of the Class [__] certificates[, which are not offered by this prospectus]. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—ARD Loan".]
Borrower May Be Unable To Repay Remaining Principal Balance on Maturity Date or Anticipated Repayment Date; Longer Amortization Schedules and Interest-Only Provisions Increase Risk
Mortgage loans with substantial remaining principal balances at their stated maturity date or anticipated repayment date, as applicable, involve greater risk than fully-amortizing mortgage loans. This is because the borrower may be unable to repay the mortgage loan at that time. In addition, fully amortizing mortgage loans which may pay interest on an "actual/360" basis but have fixed monthly payments may, in effect, have a small balloon payment due at maturity or anticipated repayment date.
All of the mortgage loans have amortization schedules that are significantly longer than their respective terms to maturity or anticipated repayment date, as applicable, and many of the mortgage loans require only payments of interest for part or all of their respective terms. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—Due Dates; Mortgage Rates; Calculations of Interest". A longer amortization schedule or an interest-only provision in a mortgage loan will result in a higher amount of principal outstanding under the mortgage loan at any particular time, including at the maturity date of the mortgage loan, than would have otherwise been the case had a shorter amortization schedule been used or had the mortgage loan had a shorter interest-only period or not included an interest-only provision at all. That higher principal amount outstanding could both (i) make it more difficult for the related borrower to make the required balloon payment at maturity or anticipated repayment date and (ii) lead to increased losses for the issuing entity either during the loan term or at maturity or anticipated repayment date if the mortgage loan becomes a defaulted mortgage loan.
A borrower's ability to repay a mortgage loan on its stated maturity date or anticipated repayment date, as applicable, typically will depend upon its ability either to refinance the mortgage loan or to sell the mortgaged property at a price sufficient to permit repayment. A borrower's ability to achieve either of these goals will be affected by a number of factors, including:
· | the availability of, and competition for, credit for commercial, multifamily or manufactured housing community real estate projects, which fluctuate over time; |
· | the prevailing interest rates; |
· | the net operating income generated by the mortgaged property; |
· | the fair market value of the related mortgaged property; |
· | the borrower's equity in the related mortgaged property; |
· | significant tenant rollover at the related mortgaged properties (see "—Retail Properties Have Special Risks" and "—Office Properties Have Special Risks" above); |
· | the borrower's financial condition; |
· | the operating history and occupancy level of the mortgaged property; |
· | reductions in applicable government assistance/rent subsidy programs; |
· | prevailing general and regional economic conditions. |
With respect to any mortgage loan that is part of a whole loan, the risks relating to balloon payment obligations are enhanced by the existence and amount of the related companion loans.
None of the sponsors, any party to the pooling and servicing agreement or any other person will be under any obligation to refinance any mortgage loan. However, in order to maximize recoveries on defaulted mortgage loans, the pooling and servicing agreement permits the special servicer (and the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced whole loan may permit the related special servicer) to extend and modify mortgage loans in a manner consistent with the servicing standard, subject to the limitations described under "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Realization Upon Mortgage Loans" and "—Modifications, Waivers and Amendments".
Neither the master servicer nor the special servicer will have the ability to extend or modify the non-serviced mortgage loan because such mortgage loan is being serviced by a master servicer or special servicer pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the applicable non-serviced whole loan. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan".
We cannot assure you, that any extension or modification will increase the present value of recoveries in a given case. Whether or not losses are ultimately sustained, any delay in collection of a balloon payment that would otherwise be distributable on your certificates, whether such delay is due to borrower default or to modification of the related mortgage loan, will likely extend the weighted average life of your certificates.
In any event, we cannot assure you that each borrower under a balloon loan will have the ability to repay the principal balance of such mortgage loan on the related maturity date or anticipated repayment date, as applicable.
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics".
[Risks Relating to Floating Rate Mortgage Loans]
[The mortgage loans that bear interest at a floating rate based on [LIBOR] or [___] will generally increase as interest rates rise. In contrast, income from the related mortgaged properties may not rise significantly as interest rates rise. Accordingly, the debt service coverage ratio of those mortgage loans will generally be adversely affected by rising interest rates, and the borrower's ability to make all payments due on such mortgage loans may be adversely affected.]
Risks Related to Ground Leases and Other Leasehold Interests
With respect to certain mortgaged properties, the encumbered interest will be characterized as a "fee interest" if (i) the borrower has a fee interest in all or substantially all of the mortgaged property (provided that if the borrower has a leasehold interest in any portion of the mortgaged property, such portion is not material to the use or operation of the mortgaged property), or (ii) the mortgage loan is secured by the
borrower's leasehold interest in the mortgaged property as well as the borrower's (or other fee owner's) overlapping fee interest in the related mortgaged property.
Leasehold mortgage loans are subject to certain risks not associated with mortgage loans secured by a lien on the fee estate of the borrower. The most significant of these risks is that if the related borrower's leasehold were to be terminated upon a lease default, the lender would lose its security in the leasehold interest. Generally, each related ground lease or a lessor estoppel requires the lessor to give the lender notice of the borrower's defaults under the ground lease and an opportunity to cure them, permits the leasehold interest to be assigned to the lender or the purchaser at a foreclosure sale, in some cases only upon the consent of the lessor, and contains certain other protective provisions typically included in a "mortgageable" ground lease, although not all these protective provisions are included in each case.
Upon the bankruptcy of a lessor or a lessee under a ground lease, the debtor has the right to assume or reject the lease. If a debtor lessor rejects the lease, the lessee has the right pursuant to the Bankruptcy Code to treat such lease as terminated by rejection or remain in possession of its leased premises for the rent otherwise payable under the lease for the remaining term of the ground lease (including renewals) and to offset against such rent any damages incurred due to the landlord's failure to perform its obligations under the lease. If a debtor lessee/borrower rejects any or all of the lease, the leasehold lender could succeed to the lessee/borrower's position under the lease only if the lease specifically grants the lender such right. If both the lessor and the lessee/borrower are involved in bankruptcy proceedings, the issuing entity may be unable to enforce the bankrupt lessee/borrower's pre-petition agreement to refuse to treat a ground lease rejected by a bankrupt lessor as terminated. In such circumstances, a ground lease could be terminated notwithstanding lender protection provisions contained in the ground lease or in the mortgage.
Some of the ground leases securing the mortgage loans may provide that the ground rent payable under the related ground lease increases during the term of the mortgage loan. These increases may adversely affect the cash flow and net income of the related borrower.
A leasehold lender could lose its security unless (i) the leasehold lender holds a fee mortgage, (ii) the ground lease requires the lessor to enter into a new lease with the leasehold lender upon termination or rejection of the ground lease, or (iii) the bankruptcy court, as a court of equity, allows the leasehold lender to assume the ground lessee's obligations under the ground lease and succeed to the ground lessee's position. Although not directly covered by the 1994 Amendments to the Bankruptcy Code, such a result would be consistent with the purpose of the 1994 Amendments to the Bankruptcy Code granting the holders of leasehold mortgages permitted under the terms of the lease the right to succeed to the position of a leasehold mortgagor. Although consistent with the Bankruptcy Code, such position may not be adopted by the applicable bankruptcy court.
Further, in a decision by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (Precision Indus. v. Qualitech Steel SBQ, LLC, 327 F.3d 537 (7th Cir. 2003)) the court ruled with respect to an unrecorded lease of real property that where a statutory sale of the fee interest in leased property occurs under the Bankruptcy Code upon the bankruptcy of a landlord, such sale terminates a lessee's possessory interest in the property, and the purchaser assumes title free and clear of any interest, including any leasehold estates. Pursuant to the Bankruptcy Code, a lessee may request the bankruptcy court to prohibit or condition the statutory sale of the property so as to provide adequate protection of the leasehold interest; however, the court ruled that this provision does not ensure continued possession of the property, but rather entitles the lessee to compensation for the value of its leasehold interest, typically from the sale proceeds. While there are certain circumstances under which a "free and clear" sale under the Bankruptcy Code would not be authorized (including that the lessee could not be compelled in a legal or equitable proceeding to accept a monetary satisfaction of his possessory interest, and that none of the other conditions of the Bankruptcy Code otherwise permits the sale), we cannot assure you that those circumstances would be present in any proposed sale of a leased premises. As a result, we cannot assure you that, in the event of a statutory sale of leased property pursuant to the Bankruptcy Code, the lessee will be able to maintain possession of the property under the ground lease. In addition, we cannot assure you that the lessee and/or the lender will be able to recoup the full value of the leasehold interest in bankruptcy court. Most of the ground leases contain standard protections typically obtained by
securitization lenders. Certain of the ground leases with respect to a mortgage loan included in the issuing entity may not. See representation number [__] in "Annex D-1—Mortgage Loan Representation and Warranties" and the representation exceptions identified in "Annex D-2—Exceptions to Mortgage Loan Representations and Warranties".
Except as noted in this prospectus, each of the ground leases has a term that extends at least 20 years beyond the maturity date of the mortgage loan (taking into account all freely exercisable extension options) and contains customary mortgagee protection provisions, including notice and cure rights and the right to enter into a new lease with the applicable ground lessor in the event a ground lease is rejected or terminated.
With respect to certain of the mortgage loans, the related borrower may have given to certain lessors under the related ground lease a right of first refusal in the event a sale is contemplated or an option to purchase all or a portion of the mortgaged property and these provisions, if not waived, may impede the mortgagee's ability to sell the related mortgaged property at foreclosure or adversely affect the foreclosure process.
See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Bankruptcy Laws".
[Leased Fee Properties Have Special Risks]
[Land subject to a ground lease presents special risks. In such cases, where the borrower owns the fee interest but not the related improvements, such borrower will only receive the rental income from the ground lease and not from the operation of any related improvements. Any default by the ground lessee would adversely affect the borrower's ability to make payments on the related mortgage loan. While ground leases may contain certain restrictions on the use and operation of the related mortgaged property, the ground lessee generally enjoys the rights and privileges of a fee owner, including the right to construct, alter and remove improvements and fixtures from the land and to assign and sublet the ground leasehold interest. However, the borrower has the same risk of interruptions in cash flow if such ground lessee defaults under its lease as it would on another single tenant commercial property, without the control over the premises that it would ordinarily have as landlord. In addition, in the event of a condemnation, the borrower would only be entitled to an allocable share of the condemnation proceeds. Furthermore, the insurance requirements are often governed by the terms of the ground lease and, in some cases, certain tenants or subtenants may be allowed to self-insure. The ground lessee is commonly permitted to mortgage its ground leasehold interest, and the leasehold lender will often have notice and cure rights with respect to material defaults under the ground lease. In addition, leased fee interests are less frequently purchased and sold than other interests in commercial real property. It may be difficult for the issuing entity, if it became a foreclosing lender, to sell the fee interests if the tenant and its improvements remain on the land. In addition, if the improvements are nearing the end of their useful life, there could be a risk that the tenant defaults in lieu of performing any obligations it may otherwise have to raze the structure and return the land in raw form to the developer. Furthermore, leased fee interests are generally subject to the same risks associated with the property type of the ground lessee's use of the premises because that use is a source of revenue for the payment of ground rent.]
Increases in Real Estate Taxes May Reduce Available Funds
Certain of the mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans have or may in the future have the benefit of reduced real estate taxes in connection with a local government "payment in lieu of taxes" program or other tax abatement arrangements. Upon expiration of such program or if such programs were otherwise terminated, the related borrower would be required to pay higher, and in some cases substantially higher, real estate taxes. Prior to expiration of such program, the tax benefit to the mortgaged property may decrease throughout the term of the expiration date until the expiration of such program. An increase in real estate taxes may impact the ability of the borrower to pay debt service on the mortgage loan.
See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Real Estate and Other Tax Considerations" for descriptions of real estate tax matters relating to certain mortgaged properties.
State and Local Mortgage Recording Taxes May Apply Upon a Foreclosure or Deed in Lieu of Foreclosure and Reduce Net Proceeds
Many jurisdictions impose recording taxes on mortgages which, if not paid at the time of the recording of the mortgage, may impair the ability of the lender to foreclose the mortgage. Such taxes, interest, and penalties could be significant in amount and would, if imposed, reduce the net proceeds realized by the issuing entity in liquidating the real property securing the related mortgage loan.
[Risks Relating to Shari'ah Compliant Loans]
[Certain of the mortgage loans may be structured to comply with Islamic law (Shari'ah). The related borrower holds the fee interest in the mortgaged property and is owned by a U.S. division of the borrower sponsor. The related borrower has master leased the related mortgaged property to a master lessee, which is indirectly owned in part by certain investors of the Islamic faith. The rent payable pursuant to the applicable master lease is intended to cover the debt service payments required under the related mortgage loan, as well as reserve payments and any other sums due under the mortgage loan. By its terms, the master lease is expressly subordinate to the related mortgage loan.
There is a risk that in a bankruptcy case of a master lessee, the master lease could be recharacterized as a financing lease in connection with an acquisition of the mortgaged property by the master lessee. If such recharacterization occurred, the master lessee could be deemed to own the fee interest in the related mortgaged property and the master lease would be viewed as a loan. In Shari'ah compliant mortgage loans, the master lessee typically does not grant a leasehold mortgage to the lender. Therefore, there is a risk that if the master lease were recharacterized as a financing lease, the lender could lose its mortgage on the property. To mitigate the effect of such recharacterization, (i) each master lessee has been formed and is obligated to continue as a single purpose entity, (ii) a bankruptcy by a master lessee is a "bad act" that would trigger guarantor liability under the recourse carveout guaranty for the related mortgage loan, (iii) the master lease is expressly subordinate to the related mortgage loan, and (iv) title insurance was obtained insuring that the related borrower is the fee owner of the related mortgaged property.]
Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest
Interests and Incentives of the Originators, the Sponsors and Their Affiliates May Not Be Aligned With Your Interests
The originators, the sponsors and their affiliates (including certain of the underwriters) expect to derive ancillary benefits from this offering and their respective incentives may not be aligned with those of purchasers of the offered certificates. The sponsors originated or purchased the mortgage loans in order to securitize the mortgage loans by means of a transaction such as the offering of the offered certificates. The sponsors will sell the mortgage loans to the depositor (an affiliate of Bank of America, National Association, one of the sponsors and originators, and of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, one of the underwriters) on the closing date in exchange for cash, derived from the sale of the offered certificates to investors and/or in exchange for offered certificates. A completed offering would reduce the originators' exposure to the mortgage loans. The originators made the mortgage loans with a view toward securitizing them and distributing the exposure by means of a transaction such as this offering of offered certificates. In addition, certain mortgaged properties may have tenants that are affiliated with the related originator. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Tenant Issues—Affiliated Leases". This offering of offered certificates will effectively transfer the originators' exposure to the mortgage loans to purchasers of the offered certificates.
The originators, the sponsors and their affiliates expect to receive various benefits, including compensation, commissions, payments, rebates, remuneration and business opportunities, in connection with or as a result of this offering of offered certificates and their interests in the mortgage loans. The sponsors and their affiliates will effectively receive compensation, and may record a profit, in an amount based on, among other things, the amount of proceeds (net of transaction expenses) received from the
sale of the offered certificates to investors relative to their investment in the mortgage loans. The benefits to the originators, the sponsors and their affiliates arising from the decision to securitize the mortgage loans may be greater than they would have been had other assets been selected.
Furthermore, the sponsors and/or their affiliates may benefit from a completed offering of the offered certificates because the offering would establish a market precedent and a valuation data point for securities similar to the offered certificates, thus enhancing the ability of the sponsors and their affiliates to conduct similar offerings in the future and permitting them to adjust the fair value of the mortgage loans or other similar assets or securities held on their balance sheet, including increasing the carrying value or avoiding decreasing the carrying value of some or all of such similar positions.
In some cases, the originators or their affiliates are the holders of the mezzanine loans and/or companion loans related to their mortgage loans. The originators and/or their respective affiliates may retain existing mezzanine loans and/or companion loans or originate future permitted mezzanine indebtedness with respect to the mortgage loans. These transactions may cause the originators and their affiliates or their clients or counterparties who purchase the mezzanine loans and/or companion loans, as applicable, to have economic interests and incentives that do not align with, and that may be directly contrary to, those of an investor in the offered certificates. In addition, these transactions or actions taken to maintain, adjust or unwind any positions in the future, may, individually or in the aggregate, have a material effect on the market for the offered certificates (if any), including adversely affecting the value of the offered certificates, particularly in illiquid markets. The originators, the sponsors and their affiliates will have no obligation to take, refrain from taking or cease taking any action with respect to such companion loans or any existing or future mezzanine loans, based on the potential effect on an investor in the offered certificates, and may receive substantial returns from these transactions. In addition, the originators, the sponsors or any of their respective affiliates may benefit from certain relationships, including financial dealings, with any borrower, any non-recourse carveout guarantor or any of their respective affiliates, aside from the origination of mortgage loans or contribution of mortgage loans into this securitization. Conflicts may also arise because the sponsors and their respective affiliates intend to continue to actively acquire, develop, operate, finance and dispose of real estate-related assets in the ordinary course of their businesses. During the course of their business activities, the sponsors and their respective affiliates may acquire, sell or lease properties, or finance loans secured by properties, which may include the properties securing the mortgage loans or properties that are in the same markets as the mortgaged properties. Such other properties, similar to other third-party owned real estate, may compete with the mortgaged properties for existing and potential tenants. The sponsors may also, from time to time, be among the tenants at the mortgaged properties, and they should be expected to make occupancy-related decisions based on their self-interest and not that of the issuing entity. We cannot assure you that the activities of these parties with respect to such other properties will not adversely impact the performance of the mortgaged properties.
In addition, certain of the mortgage loans included in the issuing entity may have been refinancings of debt previously held by a sponsor, an originator or one of their respective affiliates, or a sponsor, an originator or one of their respective affiliates may have or have had equity investments in the borrowers or mortgaged properties under certain of the mortgage loans included in the issuing entity. Each of the sponsors, the originators and their respective affiliates have made and/or may make loans to, or equity investments in, affiliates of the borrowers under the related mortgage loans. In the circumstances described above, the interests of the sponsors, the originators and their respective affiliates may differ from, and compete with, the interests of the issuing entity.
Further, various originators, sponsors and their respective affiliates are acting in multiple capacities in or with respect to this transaction, which may include, without limitation, acting as one or more transaction parties or a subcontractor or vendor of such party, participating in or contracting for interim servicing and/or custodial services with certain transaction parties, providing warehouse financing to, or receiving warehouse financing from, certain other originators or sponsors prior to transfer of the related mortgage loans to the issuing entity, and/or conducting due diligence on behalf of an investor with respect to the mortgage loans prior to their transfer to the issuing entity.
For a description of certain of the foregoing relationships and arrangements that exist among the parties to this securitization, see "Certain Affiliations, Relationships And Related Transactions Involving Transaction Parties" and "Transaction Parties".
These roles and other potential relationships may give rise to conflicts of interest as described in "—Interests and Incentives of the Underwriter Entities May Not Be Aligned With Your Interests", "—Potential Conflicts of Interest in the Selection of the Underlying Mortgage Loans" and "—Other Potential Conflicts of Interest May Affect Your Investment" below. Each of the foregoing relationships and related interests should be considered carefully by you before you invest in any offered certificates.
Interests and Incentives of the Underwriter Entities May Not Be Aligned With Your Interests
The activities and interests of the underwriters and their respective affiliates (collectively, the "Underwriter Entities") will not align with, and may in fact be directly contrary to, those of the certificateholders. The Underwriter Entities are each part of separate global investment banking, securities and investment management firms that provide a wide range of financial services to a substantial and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and high-net-worth individuals. As such, they actively make markets in and trade financial instruments for their own account and for the accounts of customers. These financial instruments include debt and equity securities, currencies, commodities, bank loans, indices, baskets and other products. The Underwriter Entities' activities include, among other things, executing large block trades and taking long and short positions directly and indirectly, through derivative instruments or otherwise. The securities and instruments in which the Underwriter Entities take positions, or expect to take positions, include loans similar to the mortgage loans, securities and instruments similar to the offered certificates and other securities and instruments. Market making is an activity where the Underwriter Entities buy and sell on behalf of customers, or for their own account, to satisfy the expected demand of customers. By its nature, market making involves facilitating transactions among market participants that have differing views of securities and instruments. Any short positions taken by the Underwriter Entities and/or their clients through marketing or otherwise will increase in value if the related securities or other instruments decrease in value, while positions taken by the Underwriter Entities and/or their clients in credit derivative or other derivative transactions with other parties, pursuant to which the Underwriter Entities and/or their clients sell or buy credit protection with respect to one or more classes of the offered certificates, may increase in value if the offered certificates default, are expected to default, or decrease in value.
The Underwriter Entities and their clients acting through them may execute such transactions, modify or terminate such derivative positions and otherwise act with respect to such transactions, and may exercise or enforce, or refrain from exercising or enforcing, any or all of their rights and powers in connection therewith, without regard to whether any such action might have an adverse effect on the offered certificates or the certificateholders. Additionally, none of the Underwriter Entities will have any obligation to disclose any of these securities or derivatives transactions to you in your capacity as a certificateholder. As a result, you should expect that the Underwriter Entities will take positions that are inconsistent with, or adverse to, the investment objectives of investors in the offered certificates.
As a result of the Underwriter Entities' various financial market activities, including acting as a research provider, investment advisor, market maker or principal investor, you should expect that personnel in various businesses throughout the Underwriter Entities will have and express research or investment views and make recommendations that are inconsistent with, or adverse to, the objectives of investors in the offered certificates.
If an Underwriter Entity becomes a holder of any of the certificates, through market-making activity or otherwise, any actions that it takes in its capacity as a certificateholder, including voting, providing consents or otherwise will not necessarily be aligned with the interests of other holders of the same class or other classes of the certificates. To the extent an Underwriter Entity makes a market in the certificates (which it is under no obligation to do), it would expect to receive income from the spreads between its bid and offer prices for the certificates. The price at which an Underwriter Entity may be willing to purchase certificates, if it makes a market, will depend on market conditions and other relevant factors and may be
significantly lower than the issue price for the certificates and significantly lower than the price at which it may be willing to sell certificates.
In addition, none of the Underwriter Entities will have any obligation to monitor the performance of the certificates or the actions of the parties to the pooling and servicing agreement and will have no authority to advise any party to the pooling and servicing agreement or to direct their actions.
Furthermore, each Underwriter Entity expects that a completed offering will enhance its ability to assist clients and counterparties in the transaction or in related transactions (including assisting clients in additional purchases and sales of the certificates and hedging transactions). The Underwriter Entities expect to derive fees and other revenues from these transactions. In addition, participating in a successful offering and providing related services to clients may enhance the Underwriter Entities' relationships with various parties, facilitate additional business development, and enable them to obtain additional business and generate additional revenue.
The Underwriter Entities are playing several roles in this transaction. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, one of the underwriters, is an affiliate of the depositor, and Bank of America, National Association, a sponsor and originator and warehouse lender to [_________]. See "Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers". Each of the foregoing relationships should be considered carefully by you before you invest in any certificates.
Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Master Servicer and the Special Servicer
The pooling and servicing agreement provides that the mortgage loans serviced thereunder are required to be administered in accordance with the servicing standard without regard to ownership of any certificate by the master servicer, the special servicer or any of their respective affiliates. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing Standard". The pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced whole loan provides that such non-serviced whole loan is required to be administered in accordance with a servicing standard that is generally similar to the servicing standard set forth in the pooling and servicing agreement. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan".
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the master servicer, a sub-servicer, the special servicer or any of their respective affiliates and, as it relates to servicing and administration of the non-serviced mortgage loan, each applicable master servicer, sub-servicer, special servicer or any of their respective affiliates under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced whole loan, may have interests when dealing with the mortgage loans that are in conflict with those of holders of the certificates, especially if the master servicer, a sub-servicer, the special servicer or any of their respective affiliates holds certificates or securities relating to any of the applicable companion loans, or has financial interests in or financial dealings with a borrower or a borrower sponsor. Each of these relationships may create a conflict of interest. For instance, if the special servicer or its affiliate holds a subordinate class of certificates, the special servicer might seek to reduce the potential for losses allocable to those certificates from the mortgage loans by deferring acceleration in hope of maximizing future proceeds. However, that action could result in less proceeds to the issuing entity than would be realized if earlier action had been taken. In addition, no servicer is required to act in a manner more favorable to the offered certificates or any particular class of certificates than to the [SERIES DESIGNATION OF THIS TRANSACTION] non-offered certificates, any serviced companion loan holder or the holder of any serviced companion loan securities.
Each of the master servicer and the special servicer services and is expected to continue to service, in the ordinary course of its business, existing and new mortgage loans for third parties, including portfolios of mortgage loans similar to the mortgage loans. The real properties securing these other mortgage loans may be in the same markets as, and compete with, certain of the mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans. Consequently, personnel of the master servicer or the special servicer, as applicable, may perform services, on behalf of the issuing entity, with respect to the mortgage loans at the same time as they are performing services, on behalf of other persons, with respect to other mortgage loans secured by properties that compete with the mortgaged properties securing the mortgage loans. In
addition, the mortgage loan sellers will determine who will service mortgage loans that the mortgage loan sellers originate in the future, and that determination may be influenced by the mortgage loan seller's opinion of servicing decisions made by the master servicer or special servicer under the pooling and servicing agreement, including among their things, the manner in which the master servicer or special servicer enforces breaches of representations and warranties against the related mortgage loan seller. This may pose inherent conflicts for the master servicer or the special servicer.
The special servicer may enter into one or more arrangements with the directing certificateholder, a controlling class certificateholder, a serviced companion loan holder or other certificateholders (or an affiliate or a third party representative of one or more of the preceding parties) to provide for a discount and/or revenue sharing with respect to certain of the special servicer compensation in consideration of, among other things, the special servicer's appointment (or continuance) as special servicer under the pooling and servicing agreement and/or the related intercreditor agreement and limitations on the right of such person to replace the special servicer. See "—Other Potential Conflicts of Interest May Affect Your Investment" below.
Although the master servicer and the special servicer will be required to service and administer the mortgage loan pool in accordance with the servicing standard and, accordingly, without regard to their rights to receive compensation under the pooling and servicing agreement and without regard to any potential obligation to repurchase or substitute a mortgage loan if the master servicer or special servicer is a mortgage loan seller, the possibility of receiving additional servicing compensation in the nature of assumption and modification fees, the continuation of receiving fees to service or specially service a mortgage loan, or the desire to avoid a repurchase demand resulting from a breach of a representation and warranty or material document default may under certain circumstances provide the master servicer or the special servicer, as the case may be, with an economic disincentive to comply with this standard.
Each of the foregoing relationships should be considered carefully by you before you invest in any certificates.
Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Operating Advisor
[__________] has been appointed as the initial operating advisor with respect to all of the mortgage loans other than the non-serviced mortgage loan. See "Transaction Parties—The Operating Advisor". In the normal course of conducting its business, the initial operating advisor and its affiliates have rendered services to, performed surveillance of, and negotiated with, numerous parties engaged in activities related to structured finance and commercial mortgage securitization. These parties may have included the depositor, the sponsors, the mortgage loan sellers, the originators, the certificate administrator, the trustee, the master servicer, the special servicer or the directing certificateholder or affiliates of any of those parties. These relationships may continue in the future. Each of these relationships, to the extent they exist, may involve a conflict of interest with respect to the initial operating advisor's duties as operating advisor. We cannot assure you that the existence of these relationships and other relationships in the future will not impact the manner in which the initial operating advisor performs its duties under the pooling and servicing agreement.
[Although the initial operating advisor does not service mortgage loans or provide asset management services for owners of commercial mortgage loans, a successor operating advisor or its affiliates may have duties with respect to existing and new commercial and multifamily mortgage loans for itself, its affiliates or third parties, including portfolios of mortgage loans similar to the mortgage loans included in the issuing entity.] These other mortgage loans and the related mortgaged properties may be in the same markets as, or have owners, obligors or property managers in common with, one or more of the mortgage loans in the issuing entity and the related mortgaged properties. As a result of the investments and activities described above, the interests of any such successor operating advisor and its affiliates and their clients may differ from, and conflict with, the interests of the issuing entity. Consequently, personnel of any successor operating advisor may perform services, on behalf of the issuing entity, with respect to the mortgage loans at the same time as they are performing services, on behalf of other persons, with respect to other mortgage loans secured by properties that compete with the mortgaged properties
securing the mortgage loans. Although the operating advisor is required to consider the servicing standard in connection with its activities under the pooling and servicing agreement, the operating advisor will not itself be bound by the servicing standard.
In addition, the operating advisor and its affiliates may have interests that are in conflict with those of certificateholders if the operating advisor or any of its affiliates has financial interests in or financial dealings with a borrower, a parent of a borrower or any of their affiliates. Each of these relationships may also create a conflict of interest.
Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Asset Representations Reviewer
[_______] has been appointed as the initial asset representations reviewer with respect to all of the mortgage loans other than the non-serviced mortgage loan. See "Transaction Parties—The Asset Representations Reviewer". In the normal course of conducting its business, the initial asset representations reviewer and its affiliates have rendered services to, performed surveillance of, and negotiated with, numerous parties engaged in activities related to structured finance and commercial mortgage securitization. These parties may have included the depositor, the sponsors, the mortgage loan sellers, the originators, the certificate administrator, the trustee, the master servicer, the special servicer or the directing certificateholder or affiliates of any of those parties. These relationships may continue in the future. Each of these relationships, to the extent they exist, may involve a conflict of interest with respect to the initial asset representations reviewer's duties as asset representations reviewer. We cannot assure you that the existence of these relationships and other relationships in the future will not impact the manner in which the initial asset representations reviewer performs its duties under the pooling and servicing agreement.
In addition, the asset representations reviewer and its affiliates may have interests that are in conflict with those of certificateholders if the asset representations reviewer or any of its affiliates has financial interests in or financial dealings with a borrower, a parent of a borrower or any of their affiliates. Each of these relationships may also create a conflict of interest.
Potential Conflicts of Interest of the Directing Certificateholder and the Companion Loan Holders
It is expected that an entity affiliated with [__________] will be the initial directing certificateholder. The special servicer may, at the direction of the directing certificateholder (for so long as a Control Termination Event does not exist), take actions with respect to the specially serviced mortgage loans administered under the pooling and servicing agreement that could adversely affect the holders of some or all of the classes of certificates. The directing certificateholder will be controlled by the controlling class certificateholders.
The controlling class certificateholders and the holders of the companion loans or securities backed by such companion loans may have interests in conflict with those of the other certificateholders. As a result, it is possible that the directing certificateholder on behalf of the controlling class certificateholders (for so long as a Control Termination Event does not exist) or the directing certificateholder (or equivalent entity) under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced whole loan may direct the special servicer or the special servicer under such pooling and servicing agreement relating to the other securitization transaction, as the case may be, to take actions that conflict with the interests of holders of certain classes of the certificates. Set forth below is the identity of the initial directing certificateholder (or equivalent entity) for each pari passu whole loan, the expected securitization trust holding the controlling note in such whole loan and the pooling and servicing agreement under which it is expected to be serviced.
| Servicing Pooling Agreement | | Directing Certificateholder |
| | | |
The special servicer, upon consultation with a serviced companion loan holder or its representative, may take actions with respect to the related serviced whole loan that could adversely affect the holders of some or all of the classes of certificates, to the extent described under "Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans". In connection with the pari passu whole loans serviced under the pooling and servicing agreement for this securitization, the serviced companion loan holders do not have any duties to the holders of any class of certificates, and they may have interests in conflict with those of the certificateholders. As a result, it is possible that a serviced companion loan holder (solely with respect to the related serviced whole loan) may advise the special servicer to take actions that conflict with the interests of holders of certain classes of the certificates. However, the special servicer is not permitted to take actions that are prohibited by law or violate the servicing standard or the terms of the mortgage loan documents. In addition, except as limited by certain conditions described under "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Termination of Servicer and Special Servicer for Cause—Servicer Termination Events", the special servicer may be replaced by the directing certificateholder for cause at any time and without cause (for so long as a Control Termination Event does not exist). See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder" and "—Termination of Servicer and Special Servicer for Cause—Servicer Termination Events".
Similarly, the applicable controlling class related to the securitization trust indicated in the chart above as the controlling noteholder has certain consent and/or consultation rights with respect to the non-serviced mortgage loan under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of that non-serviced whole loan and have similar conflicts of interest with the holders of other certificates backed by the companion loans. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan".
The directing certificateholder and its affiliates (and the directing certificateholder (or equivalent entity) under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced whole loan and their respective affiliates) may have interests that are in conflict with those of certain certificateholders, especially if the applicable directing certificateholder or any of its affiliates holds certificates or companion loan securities, or has financial interests in or other financial dealings (as lender or otherwise) with a borrower or an affiliate of a borrower. Each of these relationships may create a conflict of interest.
The special servicer, in connection with obtaining the consent of, or upon consultation with, the directing certificateholder or a serviced companion loan holder or its representative, may take actions with respect to the related serviced whole loan that could adversely affect the holders of some or all of the classes of certificates, to the extent described under "Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans". In connection with the serviced whole loan, the serviced companion loan holder does not have any duties to the holders of any class of certificates, and it may have interests in conflict with those of the certificateholders. As a result, it is possible that the serviced companion loan holder may advise the applicable special servicer to take actions with respect to the related serviced whole loan that conflict with the interests of holders of certain classes of the certificates.
Potential Conflicts of Interest in the Selection of the Underlying Mortgage Loans
The anticipated initial investor in the Class [__], Class [__] and Class [__] certificates, which is referred to in this prospectus as the "b-piece buyer" (see "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder—General"), was given the opportunity by the sponsors to perform due diligence on the mortgage loans originally identified by the sponsors for inclusion in the issuing entity, and to request the [removal, re-sizing or change in the expected repayment dates] or other features of some or all of the mortgage loans. [The mortgage pool as originally proposed by the sponsors was adjusted based on certain of these requests.] In addition, the b-piece buyer [received or may receive price adjustments or cost mitigation arrangements in connection with accepting certain mortgage loans in the mortgage pool].
We cannot assure you that you or another investor would have made the same requests to modify the original pool as the b-piece buyer or that the final pool as influenced by the b-piece buyer's feedback will not adversely affect the performance of your certificates and benefit the performance of the b-piece
buyer's certificates. Because of the differing subordination levels, the b-piece buyer has interests that may, in some circumstances, differ from those of purchasers of other classes of certificates, and may desire a portfolio composition that benefits the b-piece buyer but that does not benefit other investors. In addition, the b-piece buyer may enter into hedging or other transactions or otherwise have business objectives that also could cause its interests with respect to the mortgage pool to diverge from those of other purchasers of the certificates. The b-piece buyer performed due diligence solely for its own benefit and has no liability to any person or entity for conducting its due diligence. The b-piece buyer is not required to take into account the interests of any other investor in the certificates in exercising remedies or voting or other rights in its capacity as owner of its certificates or in making requests or recommendations to the sponsors as to the selection of the mortgage loans and the establishment of other transaction terms. Investors are not entitled to rely on in any way the b-piece buyer's acceptance of a mortgage loan. The b-piece buyer's acceptance of a mortgage loan does not constitute, and may not be construed as, an endorsement of such mortgage loan, the underwriting for such mortgage loan or the originator of such mortgage loan.
The b-piece buyer will have no liability to any certificateholder for any actions taken by it as described in the preceding two paragraphs.
The b-piece buyer, or an affiliate, will constitute the initial directing certificateholder. The directing certificateholder will have certain rights to direct and consult with the special servicer. In addition, the directing certificateholder will generally have certain consultation rights with regard to the non-serviced mortgage loan under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of such non-serviced whole loan and the related intercreditor agreement. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder" and "Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan—Consultation and Control".
Because the incentives and actions of the b-piece buyers may, in some circumstances, differ from or be adverse to those of purchasers of the offered certificates, you are advised and encouraged to make your own investment decision based on a careful review of the information set forth in this prospectus and your own view of the mortgage pool.
Conflicts of Interest May Occur as a Result of the Rights of the Applicable Directing Certificateholder To Terminate the Special Servicer of the Applicable Whole Loan
With respect to each whole loan, the directing certificateholder exercising control rights over that whole loan will be entitled, under certain circumstances, to remove the special servicer under the applicable pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of such whole loan and, in such circumstances, appoint a successor special servicer for such whole loan (or have certain consent rights with respect to such removal or replacement). The party with this appointment power may have special relationships or interests that conflict with those of the holders of one or more classes of certificates. In addition, that party does not have any duties to the holders of any class of certificates, may act solely in its own interests, and will have no liability to any certificateholders for having done so. No certificateholder may take any action against the directing certificateholder under the pooling and servicing agreement for this securitization or under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced whole loan, or against any other parties for having acted solely in their respective interests. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans" for a description of these rights to terminate the special servicer.
Other Potential Conflicts of Interest May Affect Your Investment
The managers of the mortgaged properties and the borrowers may experience conflicts in the management and/or ownership of the mortgaged properties because:
· | a substantial number of the mortgaged properties are managed by property managers affiliated with the respective borrowers; |
· | these property managers also may manage and/or franchise additional properties, including properties that may compete with the mortgaged properties; and |
· | affiliates of the managers and/or the borrowers, or the managers and/or the borrowers themselves, also may own other properties, including competing properties. |
None of the borrowers, property managers or any of their affiliates or any employees of the foregoing has any duty to favor the leasing of space in the mortgaged properties over the leasing of space in other properties, one or more of which may be adjacent to or near the mortgaged properties.
Each of the foregoing relationships should be considered carefully by you before you invest in any certificates.
Other Risks Relating to the Certificates
The Certificates Are Limited Obligations
The certificates, when issued, will only represent ownership interests in the issuing entity. The certificates will not represent an interest in or obligation of, and will not be guaranteed by, the sponsors, the depositor or any other person. The primary assets of the issuing entity will be the mortgage loans, and distributions on any class of certificates will depend solely on the amount and timing of payments and other collections in respect of the mortgage loans. We cannot assure you that the cash flow from the mortgaged properties and the proceeds of any sale or refinancing of the mortgaged properties will be sufficient to pay the principal of, and interest on, the mortgage loans or to distribute in full the amounts of interest and principal to which the certificateholders will be entitled. See "Description of the Certificates—General".
The Certificates May Have Limited Liquidity and the Market Value of the Certificates May Decline
Your certificates will not be listed on any national securities exchange or traded on any automated quotation systems of any registered securities association, and there is currently no secondary market for your certificates. The underwriters have no obligation to make a market in the offered certificates. We cannot assure you that an active secondary market for the certificates will develop. Additionally, one or more investors may purchase substantial portions of one or more classes of certificates. Accordingly, you may not have an active or liquid secondary market for your certificates.
The market value of the certificates will also be influenced by the supply of and demand for CMBS generally. A number of factors will affect investors' demand for CMBS, including:
· | the availability of alternative investments that offer higher yields or are perceived as being a better credit risk than CMBS, or as having a less volatile market value or being more liquid than CMBS; |
· | legal and other restrictions that prohibit a particular entity from investing in CMBS or limit the amount or types of CMBS that it may acquire or require it to maintain increased capital or reserves as a result of its investment in CMBS; |
· | increased regulatory compliance burdens imposed on CMBS or securitizations generally, or on classes of securitizers, that may make securitization a less attractive financing option for commercial mortgage loans; and |
· | investors' perceptions of commercial real estate lending or CMBS, which may be adversely affected by, among other things, a decline in real estate values or an increase in defaults and foreclosures on commercial mortgage loans. |
We cannot assure you that your certificates will not decline in value.
Legal and Regulatory Provisions Affecting Investors Could Adversely Affect the Liquidity of the Offered Certificates
We make no representation as to the proper characterization of the offered certificates for legal investment, financial institution regulatory, financial reporting or other purposes, as to the ability of particular investors to purchase the offered certificates under applicable legal investment or other restrictions or as to the consequences of an investment in the offered certificates for such purposes or under such restrictions. We note that regulatory or legislative provisions applicable to certain investors may have the effect of limiting or restricting their ability to hold or acquire CMBS, which in turn may adversely affect the ability of investors in the offered certificates who are not subject to those provisions to resell their certificates in the secondary market. For example:
· | Effective January 1, 2014, EU Regulation 575/2013 (the "CRR") imposes on European Economic Area ("EEA") credit institutions and investment firms investing in securitizations issued on or after January 1, 2011, or in securitizations issued prior to that date where new assets are added or substituted after December 31, 2014: (a) a requirement (the "Retention Requirement") that the originator, sponsor or original lender of such securitization has explicitly disclosed that it will retain, on an ongoing basis, a material net economic interest which, in any event, may not be less than 5%; and (b) a requirement (the "Due Diligence Requirement") that the investing credit institution or investment firm has undertaken certain due diligence in respect of the securitization and the underlying exposures and has established procedures for monitoring them on an ongoing basis. |
National regulators in EEA member states impose penal risk weights on securitization investments in respect of which the Retention Requirement or the Due Diligence Requirement has not been satisfied in any material respect by reason of the negligence or omission of the investing credit institution or investment firm.
If the Retention Requirement or the Due Diligence Requirement is not satisfied in respect of a securitization investment held by a non-EEA subsidiary of an EEA credit institution or investment firm then an additional risk weight may be applied to such securitization investment when taken into account on a consolidated basis at the level of the EEA credit institution or investment firm.
Requirements similar to the Retention Requirement and the Due Diligence Requirement (the "Similar Requirements"): (i) apply to investments in securitizations by investment funds managed by EEA investment managers subject to EU Directive 2011/61/EU; and (ii) subject to the adoption of certain secondary legislation, will apply to investments in securitizations by EEA insurance and reinsurance undertakings and by EEA undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities.
None of the sponsors, the depositor or the issuing entity intends to retain a material net economic interest in the securitization constituted by the issue of the offered certificates in accordance with the Retention Requirement or to take any other action which may be required by EEA-regulated investors for the purposes of their compliance with the Retention Requirement, the Due Diligence Requirement or Similar Requirements. Consequently, the offered certificates are not a suitable investment for EEA-credit institutions, investment firms or the other types of EEA regulated investors mentioned above. As a result, the price and liquidity of the offered certificates in the secondary market may be adversely affected. EEA-regulated investors are encouraged to consult with their own investment and legal advisors regarding the suitability of the offered certificates for investment.
· | The Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act") enacted in the United States requires that federal banking agencies amend their regulations to remove reference to or reliance on credit agency ratings, including, but not limited to, those found in the federal banking agencies' risk-based capital regulations. New capital regulations were issued by the banking regulators in July 2013 and began phasing in on January 1, 2014; these |
regulations implement the increased capital requirements established under the Basel Accord. These new capital regulations eliminate reliance on credit ratings and otherwise alter, and in most cases increase, the capital requirements imposed on depository institutions and their holding companies, including with respect to ownership of asset-backed securities such as CMBS. As a result of these regulations, investments in CMBS like the certificates by institutions subject to the risk based capital regulations may result in greater capital charges to these financial institutions and these new regulations may otherwise adversely affect the treatment of CMBS for their regulatory capital purposes.
· | The issuing entity will be relying on an exclusion or exemption under the Investment Company Act contained in Section 3(c)(5) of the Investment Company Act or Rule 3a-7 under the Investment Company Act, although there may be additional exclusions or exemptions available to the issuing entity. The issuing entity is being structured so as not to constitute a "covered fund" for purposes of the regulations adopted to implement Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act (such statutory provision together with such implementing regulations, the "Volcker Rule"). The Volcker Rule generally prohibits "banking entities" (which is broadly defined to include U.S. banks and bank holding companies and many non-U.S. banking entities, together with their respective subsidiaries and other affiliates) from (i) engaging in proprietary trading, (ii) acquiring or retaining an ownership interest in or sponsoring a "covered fund" and (iii) entering into certain relationships with such funds. The Volcker Rule became effective on July 21, 2012, and final regulations implementing the Volcker Rule were adopted on December 10, 2013 and became effective on April 1, 2014. Conformance with the Volcker Rule and its implementing regulations is required by July 21, 2015 (subject to the possibility of up to two one-year extensions). In the interim, banking entities must make good faith efforts to conform their activities and investments to the Volcker Rule. Under the Volcker Rule, unless otherwise jointly determined otherwise by specified federal regulators, a "covered fund" does not include an issuer that may rely on an exclusion or exemption from the definition of "investment company" under the Investment Company Act other than the exclusions contained in Section 3(c)(1) and Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act. The general effects of the Volcker Rule remain uncertain. Any prospective investor in the certificates, including a U.S. or foreign bank or a subsidiary or other bank affiliate, should consult its own legal advisors regarding such matters and other effects of the Volcker Rule. |
· | Financial accounting principles could under certain circumstances require an investor or its owner generally to consolidate the assets of the issuing entity in its financial statements and record third parties' investments in the issuing entity as liabilities of that investor or owner or could otherwise adversely affect the manner in which the investor or its owner must report an investment in CMBS for financial reporting purposes. |
· | For purposes of the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984, as amended, [no] class of offered certificates will constitute "mortgage related securities". |
Accordingly, all investors whose investment activities are subject to legal investment laws and regulations, regulatory capital requirements, or review by regulatory authorities should consult with their own legal, accounting and other advisors in determining whether, and to what extent, the offered certificates will constitute legal investments for them or are subject to investment or other restrictions, unfavorable accounting treatment, capital charges or reserve requirements. See "Legal Investment".
Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations May Assign Different Ratings to the Certificates; Ratings of the Certificates Reflect Only the Views of the Applicable Rating Agencies as of the Dates Such Ratings Were Issued; Ratings May Affect ERISA Eligibility; Ratings May Be Downgraded
Ratings assigned to the offered certificates by the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations engaged by the depositor:
· | are based on, among other things, the economic characteristics of the mortgaged properties and other relevant structural features of the transaction; |
· | do not represent any assessment of the yield to maturity that a certificateholder may experience; |
· | reflect only the views of the applicable rating agencies as of the date such ratings were issued; |
· | may be reviewed, revised, suspended, downgraded, qualified or withdrawn entirely by the respective rating agency as a result of changes in or unavailability of information; |
· | may have been determined based on criteria that included an analysis of historical mortgage loan data that may not reflect future experience; |
· | may reflect assumptions by such rating agencies regarding performance of the mortgage loans that are not accurate, as evidenced by the significant amount of downgrades, qualifications and withdrawals of ratings assigned to previously issued CMBS by the hired rating agencies and other nationally recognized statistical rating organizations during the recent credit crisis; and |
· | do not consider to what extent the offered certificates will be subject to prepayment or that the outstanding principal amount of any class of offered certificates will be prepaid. |
In addition, the rating of any class of offered certificates below an investment grade rating by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization, whether upon initial issuance of such class of certificates or as a result of a ratings downgrade, could adversely affect the ability of an employee benefit plan or other investor to purchase or retain those offered certificates. See "Certain ERISA Considerations" and "Legal Investment".
Nationally recognized statistical rating organizations that were not engaged by the depositor to rate the offered certificates may nevertheless issue unsolicited credit ratings on one or more classes of offered certificates, relying on information they receive pursuant to Rule 17g-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise. If any such unsolicited ratings are issued, we cannot assure you that they will not be different from any ratings assigned by a rating agency engaged by the depositor. The issuance of unsolicited ratings by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization on a class of the offered certificates that are lower than ratings assigned by a rating agency engaged by the depositor may adversely impact the liquidity, market value and regulatory characteristics of that class.
As part of the process of obtaining ratings for the offered certificates, the depositor had initial discussions with and submitted certain materials to [___] nationally recognized statistical rating organizations. Based on preliminary feedback from those nationally recognized statistical rating organizations at that time, the depositor selected [___] of those nationally recognized statistical rating organizations to rate certain classes of the certificates and not the other nationally recognized statistical rating organizations, due in part to their initial subordination levels for the various classes of the certificates. If the depositor had selected the other nationally recognized statistical rating organizations to rate the certificates, we cannot assure you that the ratings of such other nationally recognized statistical rating organizations would have assigned to the certificates would not have been lower than the ratings assigned by the nationally recognized statistical rating organizations engaged by the depositor. [Further, in
the
case of [one]
nationally recognized statistical rating
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, the depositor
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rated certificates, due in part to the initial subordination levels provided by such nationally recognized statistical rating organization for the classes of certificates. If the depositor had selected
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rated
certificates not rated by it,
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certificates may have been different, and potentially lower, than those ratings ultimately assigned to
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certificates by the other nationally recognized statistical rating organizations engaged to rate such certificates. In addition, the decision not to engage one or more other rating agencies in the rating of certain classes of certificates to be issued in connection with this transaction may negatively impact the liquidity, market value and regulatory characteristics of those classes of certificates. Although unsolicited ratings may be issued by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization, a nationally recognized statistical rating
organization might be more likely to issue an unsolicited rating if it was not selected after having provided preliminary feedback to the depositor. Neither the depositor nor any other person or entity will have any duty to notify you if any other nationally recognized statistical rating organization issues, or delivers notice of its intention to issue, consolidated ratings on one or more classes of certificates after the date of this prospectus.
Furthermore, the Securities and Exchange Commission may determine that any or all of the rating agencies engaged by the depositor to rate the certificates no longer qualifies as a nationally recognized statistical rating organization, or is no longer qualified to rate the certificates or may no longer rate similar securities for a limited period as a result of an enforcement action, and that determination may also have an adverse effect on the liquidity, market value and regulatory characteristics of the offered certificates. To the extent that the provisions of any mortgage loan or the pooling and servicing agreement condition any action, event or circumstance on the delivery of a rating agency confirmation, the pooling and servicing agreement will require delivery or deemed delivery of a rating agency confirmation only from the rating agencies engaged by the depositor to rate the certificates [or, in the case of serviced whole loan, any related companion loan securities].
We are not obligated to maintain any particular rating with respect to the certificates, and the ratings initially assigned to the certificates by any or all of the rating agencies engaged by the depositor to rate the certificates could change adversely as a result of changes affecting, among other things, the mortgage loans, the mortgaged properties, the parties to the pooling and servicing agreement, or as a result of changes to ratings criteria employed by any or all of the rating agencies engaged by the depositor to rate the certificates. Although these changes would not necessarily be or result from an event of default on any mortgage loan, any adverse change to the ratings of the offered certificates would likely have an adverse effect on the market value, liquidity and/or regulatory characteristics of those certificates.
Further, certain actions provided for in loan agreements may require a rating agency confirmation be obtained from the rating agencies engaged by the depositor to rate the certificates [and, in the case of a serviced whole loan, any companion loan securities] as a precondition to taking such action. In certain circumstances, this condition may be deemed to have been met or waived without such a rating agency confirmation being obtained. In the event such an action is taken without a rating agency confirmation being obtained, we cannot assure you that the applicable rating agency will not downgrade, qualify or withdraw its ratings as a result of the taking of such action. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—'Due-On-Sale' and 'Due-On-Encumbrance' Provisions", "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Rating Agency Confirmations" and "Ratings" for additional considerations regarding the ratings, including a description of the process of obtaining confirmations of ratings for the offered certificates.
Your Yield May Be Affected by Defaults, Prepayments and Other Factors
General. The yield to maturity on each class of offered certificates will depend in part on the following:
· | the purchase price for the certificates; |
· | the rate and timing of principal payments on the mortgage loans (both voluntary and involuntary), and the allocation of principal prepayments to the respective classes of offered certificates with certificate balances; and |
· | the allocation of shortfalls and losses on the mortgage loans to the respective classes of offered certificates. |
For this purpose, principal payments include voluntary and involuntary prepayments, such as prepayments resulting from the application of loan reserves, property releases, casualty or condemnation, defaults and liquidations as well as principal payments resulting from repurchases due to material breaches of representations and warranties or material document defects or purchases by a companion
loan holder or mezzanine lender (if any) pursuant to a purchase option or sales of defaulted mortgage loans.
Any changes in the weighted average lives of your certificates may adversely affect your yield. In general, if you buy a certificate at a premium, and principal distributions occur faster than expected, your actual yield to maturity will be lower than expected. If principal distributions are very high, holders of certificates purchased at a premium might not fully recover their initial investment. Conversely, if you buy a certificate at a discount and principal distributions occur more slowly than expected, your actual yield to maturity will be lower than expected.
Prepayments resulting in a shortening of weighted average lives of your certificates may be made at a time of low interest rates when you may be unable to reinvest the resulting payment of principal on your certificates at a rate comparable to the effective yield anticipated by you in making your investment in the certificates, while delays and extensions resulting in a lengthening of those weighted average lives may occur at a time of high interest rates when you may have been able to reinvest principal payments that would otherwise have been received by you at higher rates.
In addition, the extent to which prepayments on the mortgage loans in the issuing entity ultimately affect the weighted average life of the certificates will depend on the terms of the certificates, more particularly:
· | a class of certificates that entitles the holders of those certificates to a disproportionately larger share of the prepayments on the mortgage loans increases the "call risk" or the likelihood of early retirement of that class if the rate of prepayment is relatively fast; and |
· | a class of certificates that entitles the holders of the certificates to a disproportionately smaller share of the prepayments on the mortgage loans increases the likelihood of "extension risk" or an extended average life of that class if the rate of prepayment is relatively slow. |
The Timing of Prepayments and Repurchases May Change Your Anticipated Yield.
The rate at which voluntary prepayments occur on the mortgage loans will be affected by a variety of factors, including:
· | the terms of the mortgage loans, including, the length of any prepayment lockout period and the applicable yield maintenance charges and prepayment premiums and the extent to which the related mortgage loan terms may be practically enforced; |
· | the level of prevailing interest rates; |
· | the availability of credit for commercial real estate; |
· | the master servicer's or special servicer's ability to enforce yield maintenance charges and prepayment premiums; |
· | the failure to meet certain requirements for the release of escrows; |
· | the occurrence of casualties or natural disasters; and |
· | economic, demographic, tax, legal or other factors. |
Although a yield maintenance charge or other prepayment premium provision of a mortgage loan is intended to create an economic disincentive for a borrower to prepay voluntarily a mortgage loan, we cannot assure you that mortgage loans that have such provisions will not prepay.
The extent to which the master servicer or the special servicer, if any, forecloses upon, takes title to and disposes of any mortgaged property related to a mortgage loan or sells defaulted mortgage loans will
affect the weighted average lives of your certificates. If the master servicer or the special servicer, if any, forecloses upon a significant number of the related mortgage loans, and depending upon the amount and timing of recoveries from the related mortgaged properties or sells defaulted mortgage loans, your certificates may have a shorter weighted average life.
Delays in liquidations of defaulted mortgage loans and modifications extending the maturity of mortgage loans will tend to delay the payment of principal on the mortgage loans. The ability of the related borrower to make any required balloon payment typically will depend upon its ability either to refinance the mortgage loan or to sell the related mortgaged property. A significant number of the mortgage loans require balloon payments at maturity or anticipated repayment date and there is a risk that a number of those mortgage loans may default at maturity or anticipated repayment date, or that the master servicer or the special servicer, if any, may extend the maturity of a number of those mortgage loans in connection with workouts. We cannot assure you as to the borrowers' abilities to make mortgage loan payments on a full and timely basis, including any balloon payments at maturity or anticipated repayment date. Bankruptcy of the borrower or adverse conditions in the market where the mortgaged property is located may, among other things, delay the recovery of proceeds in the case of defaults. Losses on the mortgage loans due to uninsured risks or insufficient hazard insurance proceeds may create shortfalls in distributions to certificateholders. Any required indemnification of a party to the pooling and servicing agreement in connection with legal actions relating to the issuing entity, the related agreements or the certificates may also result in shortfalls.
See "—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Relating to Enforceability of Yield Maintenance Charges, Prepayment Premiums or Defeasance Provisions" above and "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—Prepayment Protections and Certain Involuntary Prepayments".
In addition, if a sponsor repurchases a mortgage loan from the issuing entity due to a material breach of one or more of its representations or warranties or a material document defect, the repurchase price paid will be passed through to the holders of the certificates with the same effect as if the mortgage loan had been prepaid in part or in full, and no yield maintenance charge or other prepayment premium would be payable. Additionally, any mezzanine lender (if any), the holder of a subordinate companion loan [or, in the case of a trust subordinate companion loan, the directing certificateholder for the [LOAN-SPECIFIC CLASS] certificates] may have the option to purchase the related mortgage loan after certain defaults, and the purchase price may not include any yield maintenance charges or prepayment premiums. As a result of such a repurchase or purchase, investors in the [INTEREST-ONLY CLASSES] certificates and any other certificates purchased at a premium might not fully recoup their initial investment. A repurchase, a prepayment or the exercise of a purchase option may adversely affect the yield to maturity on your certificates. In this respect, see "Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements" and "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Realization Upon Mortgage Loans".
The certificates with notional amounts will not be entitled to distributions of principal but instead will accrue interest on their respective notional amounts. Because the notional amount of the certificates indicated in the table below is based upon the outstanding certificate balances of the related class of certificates and the trust components, the yield to maturity on the indicated certificates will be extremely sensitive to the rate and timing of prepayments of principal, liquidations and principal losses on the mortgage loans to the extent allocated to the related certificates and the trust components.
Interest-Only Class of Certificates | | Underlying Class or Trust Components |
| | |
| | |
A rapid rate of principal prepayments, liquidations and/or principal losses on the mortgage loans could result in the failure to recoup the initial investment in the [INTEREST-ONLY CLASS] and/or [INTEREST-ONLY CLASS] certificates. Investors in the [INTEREST-ONLY CLASSES] certificates should fully consider the associated risks, including the risk that an extremely rapid rate of amortization,
prepayment or other liquidation of the Mortgage Loans could result in the failure of such investors to recoup fully their initial investments. The yield to maturity of the certificates with notional amounts may be adversely affected by the prepayment of mortgage loans with higher net mortgage loan rates. See "Yield and Maturity Considerations—Yield on the Certificates with Notional Amounts".
[Your Yield May Be Adversely Affected By Prepayments Resulting From Earnout Reserves. With respect to certain mortgage loans, earnout escrows may have been established at origination, which funds may be released to the related borrower upon satisfaction of certain conditions. If such conditions with respect to any such mortgage loan are not satisfied, the amounts reserved in such escrows [may be][are required to be] applied to the payment of the mortgage loan, which would have the same effect on the offered certificates as a prepayment of the mortgage loan, except that such application of funds would not be accompanied by any prepayment premium or yield maintenance charge. See Annex A-1. The pooling and servicing agreement will provide that unless required by the mortgage loan documents, the master servicer will not apply such amounts as a prepayment if no event of default has occurred.]
Losses and Shortfalls May Change Your Anticipated Yield. If losses on the mortgage loans exceed the aggregate certificate balance of the classes of certificates subordinated to a particular class, that class will suffer a loss equal to the full amount of the excess (up to the outstanding certificate balance of that class). Even if losses on the mortgage loans are not borne by your certificates, those losses may affect the weighted average life and yield to maturity of your certificates.
For example, certain shortfalls in interest as a result of involuntary prepayments may reduce the funds available to make payments on your certificates. In addition, if the master servicer, the special servicer or the trustee reimburses itself (or a master servicer, special servicer, trustee or other party to a pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced whole loan) out of general collections on the mortgage loans included in the issuing entity for any advance that it (or any such other party) has determined is not recoverable out of collections on the related mortgage loan, then to the extent that this reimbursement is made from collections of principal on the mortgage loans in the issuing entity, that reimbursement will reduce the amount of principal available to be distributed on the certificates and will result in a reduction of the certificate balance (or notional amount) of a class of certificates. See "Description of the Certificates—Distributions". Likewise, if the master servicer or the trustee reimburses itself out of principal collections on the mortgage loans for any workout-delayed reimbursement amounts, that reimbursement will reduce the amount of principal available to be distributed on the certificates on that distribution date. This reimbursement would have the effect of reducing current payments of principal on the offered certificates (other than the certificates and the Class R certificates with notional amounts) and extending the weighted average lives of the offered certificates with certificate balances. See "Description of the Certificates—Distributions".
In addition, to the extent losses are realized on the mortgage loans, first the Class [__] certificates, then the Class [__] certificates, then the Class [__] certificates, then the Class [__] certificates, then the Class [__] certificates, then the Class [A] trust component (and correspondingly, the Class [A] certificates and the Class [EC] certificates, pro rata based on their respective percentage interests in the Class [A] trust component), then the Class [B] trust component (and correspondingly, the Class [B] certificates and the Class [EC] certificates, pro rata based on their respective percentage interests Class [B] trust component), then the Class [C] trust component (and correspondingly, the Class [C] certificates and the Class [EC] certificates, pro rata based on their respective percentage interests in the Class [C] trust component) and, then pro rata, the Class [__] and Class [__] certificates, based on their respective certificate balances, will bear such losses up to an amount equal to the respective outstanding certificate balance of that class. A reduction in the certificate balance of the Class [__] or Class [__] certificates or the Class [A], Class [B], and Class [C] trust components will result in a corresponding reduction in the notional amount of the [INTEREST-ONLY CLASS] certificates. A reduction in the certificate balance of the Class [A], Class [B], and Class [C] trust components will result in a corresponding reduction in the notional amount of the [INTEREST-ONLY CLASS] certificates. We make no representation as to the anticipated rate or timing of prepayments (voluntary or involuntary) or rate, timing or amount of liquidations or losses on the mortgage loans or as to the anticipated yield to maturity of any such offered certificate. See "Yield and Maturity Considerations".
The exchangeable certificates will be subject to a realized loss or shortfall on the Class [A], Class [B], and Class [C] trust components to the extent of their percentage interest in such trust component. See "Description of the Certificates—Distributions".
Risk of Early Termination. The issuing entity is subject to optional termination under certain circumstances. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Termination; Retirement of Certificates". In the event of this termination, you might receive some principal payments earlier than otherwise expected, which could adversely affect your anticipated yield to maturity.
There Are Risks Relating to the Exchangeable Certificates
The characteristics of the Class [EC] certificates will reflect, in the aggregate, the characteristics of the Class [A], Class [B], and Class [C] certificates. As a result, the Class [EC] certificates will be subject to the same risks as the Class [A], Class [B], and Class [C] certificates described in this prospectus. Investors are also encouraged to consider a number of factors that will limit a certificateholder's ability to exchange exchangeable certificates:
· | At the time of a proposed exchange, a certificateholder must own exchangeable certificates in the requisite exchangeable proportion to make the desired exchange (as described under "Description of the Certificates—Exchanges of Exchangeable Certificates"). |
· | A certificateholder that does not own exchangeable certificates in the requisite exchangeable proportion may be unable to obtain the necessary exchangeable certificates or may be able only to exchange the portion (if any) of its exchangeable certificates that represents an exchangeable proportion. Another certificateholder may refuse to sell its certificates at a reasonable (or any) price or may be unable to sell them, or certificates may have been purchased or placed into other financial structures and thus may be unavailable. Such circumstances may prevent you from obtaining exchangeable certificates in the proportions necessary to effect an exchange. |
· | Exchanges will no longer be permitted following the date when the then-current principal balance of the Class [A], Class [B], and Class [C] trust components (and, correspondingly, to the extent evidencing an interest in the Class [A], Class [B], and Class [C] trust components, the Class [EC] certificates and the applicable component of the Class [A], Class [B] or Class [C] certificates) is reduced to zero as a result of the payment in full of all interest and principal on that trust component. |
· | Certificates may only be held in authorized denominations. |
Subordination of the Subordinated Certificates and Class [EC] Certificates Will Affect the Timing of Distributions and the Application of Losses on the Subordinated Certificates and Class [EC] Certificates
As described in this prospectus, the rights of the holders of [IDENTIFY SUBORDINATED CLASSES] certificates, and the Class [EC] certificates in respect of its various trust components, to receive payments of principal and interest otherwise payable on their certificates will be subordinated to such rights of the holders of the more senior certificates having an earlier alphabetical or alphanumeric class designation or trust components.
[If you acquire Class [A], Class [B], Class [C] or Class [EC] certificates, then your rights to receive distributions of amounts collected or advanced on or in respect of the mortgage loans will be subordinated to those of the holders of the [SENIOR CLASSES] certificates. [Describe subordination of Exchangeable Certificates]
As a result, investors in those classes of certificates that are subordinated in whole or part to other classes of certificates will generally bear the effects of losses on the mortgage loans and unreimbursed expenses of the issuing entity before the holders of those other classes of certificates. See "Description of the Certificates—Distributions" and "—Subordination; Allocation of Realized Losses".
[Pro Rata Allocation of Principal Between and Among the Subordinate Companion Loan and the Related Mortgage Loan Prior to a Material Mortgage Loan Event Default.
With respect to a mortgage loan that is part of a whole loan with a subordinate companion loan, prior to the occurrence and continuance of a material mortgage loan event of default, any collections of scheduled principal payments and other unscheduled principal payments with respect to the related whole loan [(including any prepayment in connection with a release of a mortgaged property)] received from the related borrower will generally be allocated to such mortgage loan and the subordinate companion loan on a pro rata basis. Such pro rata distributions of principal will have the effect of reducing the total dollar amount of subordination provided to the offered certificates by the subordinate companion loan (including the loan specific certificates related to the trust subordinate companion loan).]
Your Lack of Control Over the Issuing Entity and the Mortgage Loans Can Impact Your Investment
You Have Limited Voting Rights. Except as described in this prospectus, you and other certificateholders generally do not have a right to vote and do not have the right to make decisions with respect to the administration of the issuing entity and the mortgage loans. With respect to mortgage loans (other than mortgage loan that will be serviced under a separate pooling and servicing agreement), those decisions are generally made, subject to the express terms of the pooling and servicing agreement for this transaction, by the master servicer, the special servicer, the trustee or the certificate administrator, as applicable, subject to any rights of the directing certificateholder under the pooling and servicing agreement for this transaction and the rights of the holders of the related companion loans and mezzanine debt under the related intercreditor agreement. With respect to the non-serviced mortgage loan, you will generally not have any right to vote or make decisions with respect the non-serviced mortgage loan, and those decisions will generally be made by the master servicer or the special servicer under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced mortgage loan and the related companion loan, subject to the rights of the directing certificateholder appointed under such pooling and servicing agreement. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement" and "Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans". In particular, with respect to the risks relating to a modification of a mortgage loan, see "—Risks Relating to Modifications of the Mortgage Loans" below.
In certain limited circumstances where certificateholders have the right to vote on matters affecting the issuing entity, in some cases, these votes are by certificateholders taken as a whole and in others the vote is by class. In all cases voting is based on the outstanding certificate balance, which is reduced by realized losses. In certain cases with respect to the termination of the special servicer and the operating advisor, certain voting rights will also be reduced by appraisal reductions, as described below. These limitations on voting could adversely affect your ability to protect your interests with respect to matters voted on by certificateholders. See "Description of the Certificates—Voting Rights". You will have no rights to vote on any servicing matters related to the mortgage loan that will be serviced under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced whole loan.
The Rights of the Directing Certificateholder and the Operating Advisor Could Adversely Affect Your Investment. The directing certificateholder will have certain consent and consultation rights with respect to certain matters relating to the mortgage loans (other than the non-serviced mortgage loan) and the right to replace the special servicer with or without cause, except that if a control termination event (i.e., an event in which the certificate balance of the most senior class of certificates that is eligible to be a controlling class, as reduced by the application of appraisal reductions and realized losses, is less than 25% of its initial certificate balance) occurs and is continuing, the directing certificateholder will lose the consent rights and the right to replace the special servicer, and if a consultation termination event (i.e., an event in which the certificate balance of the most senior class of certificates that is eligible to be a controlling class (as reduced by the application of realized losses) is less than 25% of its initial certificate balance) occurs, then the directing certificateholder will lose the consultation rights. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder".
These actions and decisions with respect to which the directing certificateholder has consent or consultation rights include, among others, certain modifications to the mortgage loans or serviced whole loans, including modifications of monetary terms, foreclosure or comparable conversion of the related mortgaged properties, and certain sales of mortgage loans or REO properties for less than the outstanding principal amount plus accrued interest, fees and expenses. As a result of the exercise of these rights by the directing certificateholder, the special servicer may take actions with respect to a mortgage loan that could adversely affect the interests of investors in one or more classes of offered certificates.
Similarly, with respect to the non-serviced mortgage loan, the special servicer under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced mortgage loan may, at the direction or upon the advice of the directing certificateholder of the related securitization trust holding the controlling note for the non-serviced whole loan, take actions with respect to such non-serviced mortgage loan and related companion loan that could adversely affect the non-serviced mortgage loan, and therefore, the holders of some or all of the classes of certificates. [The issuing entity (as the holder of the non-controlling note) will have limited consultation rights with respect to major decisions relating to the non-serviced whole loan and in connection with a sale of a defaulted loan, and such rights will be exercised by the directing certificateholder for this transaction so long as no control termination event has occurred and is continuing and by the special servicer if a control termination event has occurred and is continuing]. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans" and "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan".
Although the special servicer under the pooling and servicing agreement and the special servicer for the non-serviced mortgage loan are not permitted to take actions which are prohibited by law or violate the servicing standard under the applicable pooling and servicing agreement or the terms of the related loan documents, it is possible that the directing certificateholder (or equivalent entity) under such pooling and servicing agreement may direct or advise, as applicable, the related special servicer to take actions with respect to such mortgage loan that conflict with the interests of the holders of certain classes of the certificates.
You will be acknowledging and agreeing, by your purchase of offered certificates, that the directing certificateholder and the directing certificateholder under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced mortgage loan:
| (i) | may have special relationships and interests that conflict with those of holders of one or more classes of certificates; |
| (ii) | may act solely in the interests of the holders of the controlling class (or, in the case of the non-serviced mortgage loan, the controlling class of the securitization trust formed under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced mortgage loan) |
| (iii) | does not have any duties to the holders of any class of certificates other than the controlling class (or, in the case of the non-serviced mortgage loan, the controlling class of the securitization trust formed under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced mortgage loan); |
| (iv) | may take actions that favor the interests of the holders of the controlling class (or, in the case of the non-serviced mortgage loan, the controlling class of the securitization trust formed under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced mortgage loan) over the interests of the holders of one or more other classes of certificates; and |
| (v) | will have no liability whatsoever (other than to a controlling class certificateholder) for having so acted as set forth in clauses (i) – (iv) above, and that no certificateholder may take any action whatsoever against the directing certificateholder or the directing certificateholder under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced mortgage loan or |
any of their respective affiliates, directors, officers, employees, shareholders, members, partners, agents or principals for having so acted.
In addition, if a [control termination event] [operating advisor consultation event—APPLICABLE TO OFFERINGS WITH CLOSING DATES ON AND AFTER DECEMBER 24, 2016] has occurred and is continuing, the operating advisor will have certain consultation rights with respect to certain matters relating to the mortgage loans (other than the non-serviced mortgage loan). Further, [if a control termination event has occurred and is continuing,][APPLICABLE TO OFFERINGS WITH CLOSING DATES PRIOR TO DECEMBER 24, 2016] the operating advisor will have the right to recommend a replacement of a special servicer, as described under "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Operating Advisor". The operating advisor is generally required to act on behalf of the issuing entity and in the best interest of, and for the benefit of, the certificateholders and, with respect to any serviced whole loan for the benefit of the holders of the related companion loan (as a collective whole as if the certificateholders and companion loan holders constituted a single lender). We cannot assure you that any actions taken by the special servicer as a result of a recommendation or consultation by the operating advisor will not adversely affect the interests of investors in one or more classes of certificates. With respect to the non-serviced mortgage loan, the operating advisor appointed under the pooling and servicing agreement governing the servicing of the non-serviced mortgage loan will have similar rights and duties under such pooling and servicing agreement. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan".
You Have Limited Rights to Replace the Servicer, the Special Servicer, the Trustee, the Certificate Administrator, the Operating Advisor or the Asset Representations Reviewer. In general, the directing certificateholder will have the right to terminate and replace the special servicer with or without cause so long as no control termination event has occurred and is continuing. After the occurrence and during continuance of a control termination event under the pooling and servicing agreement, the special servicer may also be removed in certain circumstances (x) if a request is made by certificateholders evidencing not less than 25% of the voting rights (taking into account the application of appraisal reductions to notionally reduce the respective certificate balances and considering each class of the Class [A], Class [B], and Class [C] certificates together with the Class [EC] certificates' applicable percentage interest of the related Class [A], Class [B], and Class [C] trust components as a single "class" for such purpose of the certificates) and (y) upon receipt of approval by certificateholders holding at least 75% of a quorum of the certificateholders (which is the holders of certificates evidencing at least 75% of the voting rights (taking into account the application of realized losses and the application of appraisal reductions to notionally reduce the respective certificate balances and considering each class of the Class [A], Class [B], and Class [C] certificates together with the Class [EC] certificates' applicable percentage interest of the related Class [A], Class [B], and Class [C] trust components as a single "class" for such purpose). See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Replacement of Special Servicer Without Cause".
The certificateholders will generally have no right to replace and terminate the master servicer, the trustee and the certificate administrator without cause. The vote of the requisite percentage of certificateholders may terminate the operating advisor or the asset representations reviewer without cause. The vote of the requisite percentage of the certificateholders will be required to replace the master servicer, the special servicer, the operating advisor and the asset representations reviewer, even for cause, and certain termination events may be waived by the vote of the requisite percentage of the certificateholders. The certificateholders will have no right to replace the master servicer or the special servicer of the pooling and servicing agreement relating to the non-serviced mortgage loan. We cannot assure that your lack of control over the replacement of these parties will not have an adverse impact on your investment.
The Rights of Companion Loan Holders and Mezzanine Debt May Adversely Affect Your Investment. The holders of a pari passu companion loan relating to the serviced mortgage loan will have certain consultation rights (on a non-binding basis) with respect to major decisions relating to the related whole loan under the related intercreditor agreement. Such companion loan holder and its representative may have interests in conflict with those of the holders of some or all of the classes of certificates, and
may advise the special servicer to take actions that conflict with the interests of the holders of certain classes of the certificates. Although any such consultation is non-binding and the special servicer is not obligated to consult with the companion loan holder if required under the servicing standard, we cannot assure you that the exercise of the rights of such companion loan holder will not delay any action to be taken by the special servicer and will not adversely affect your investment.
With respect to the mortgage loan that is subject to a subordinate companion loan, [the holders of the subordinate companion loan (or in the case of the trust subordinate companion loan, [the [LOAN SPECIFIC CLASS] certificates, as the holder of a beneficial interest in the trust subordinate companion loan)] will have the right under certain limited circumstances [(and acting through the directing certificateholder in the case of the [LOAN SPECIFIC CLASS] certificates)] to (i) cure certain defaults with respect to the related mortgage loan and to purchase (without payment of any yield maintenance charge or prepayment premium) the related mortgage loan and (ii) prior to the occurrence and continuance of an AB control appraisal period with respect to the subordinate companion loan, approve certain modifications and consent to certain actions to be taken with respect to the related whole loan. The rights of the holder of a subordinate companion loan could adversely affect your ability to protect your interests with respect to matters relating to the related mortgage loan. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Serviced AB Whole Loan".
With respect to mortgage loans that have mezzanine debt, the related mezzanine lender will have the right under certain limited circumstances to (i) cure certain defaults with respect to, and under certain default scenarios, purchase (without payment of any yield maintenance charge or prepayment premium) the related mortgage loan and (ii) so long as no event of default with respect to the related mortgage loan continues after the mezzanine lender's cure right has expired, approve certain modifications and consent to certain actions to be taken with respect to the related mortgage loan. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—Mortgage Pool Characteristics" and "—Additional Indebtedness".
The purchase option that the holder of a subordinate companion loan or mezzanine debt holds pursuant to the related intercreditor agreement generally permits such holder to purchase its related defaulted mortgage loan for a purchase price generally equal to the outstanding principal balance of the related defaulted mortgage loan, together with accrued and unpaid interest (exclusive of default interest) on, and unpaid servicing expenses, protective advances and interest on advances related to, such defaulted mortgage loan. However, in the event such holder is not obligated to pay some or all of those fees and additional expenses, including any liquidation fee payable to the special servicer under the terms of the pooling and servicing agreement, then the exercise of such holder's rights under the intercreditor agreement to purchase the related mortgage loan from the issuing entity may result in a loss to the issuing entity in the amount of those fees and additional expenses. In addition, such holder's right to cure defaults under the related defaulted mortgage loan could delay the issuing entity's ability to realize on or otherwise take action with respect to such defaulted mortgage loan.
In addition, with respect to the non-serviced mortgage loan, you will not have any right to vote with respect to any matters relating to the servicing and administration of the non-serviced mortgage loan. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool—The Whole Loans—The Non-Serviced Whole Loan" and "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Servicing Mortgage Loan".
You will be acknowledging and agreeing, by your purchase of offered certificates, that the companion loan holders:
· | may have special relationships and interests that conflict with those of holders of one or more classes of certificates; |
· | may act solely in its own interests, without regard to your interests; |
· | do not have any duties to any other person, including the holders of any class of certificates; |
· | may take actions that favor its interests over the interests of the holders of one or more classes of certificates; and |
· | will have no liability whatsoever for having so acted and that no certificateholder may take any action whatsoever against the companion loan holder or its representative or any director, officer, employee, agent or principal of the companion loan holder or its representative for having so acted. |
Risks Relating to Modifications of the Mortgage Loans
The master servicer (or any related primary servicer) will be responsible for servicing the mortgage loans serviced by it regardless of whether such mortgage loans are performing or have become delinquent or have otherwise been transferred to special servicing. As delinquencies or defaults occur, the special servicer [and any sub-servicer] will be required to utilize an increasing amount of resources to work with borrowers to maximize collections on the mortgage loans serviced by it. This may include modifying the terms of such mortgage loans that are in default or whose default is reasonably foreseeable. At each step in the process of trying to bring a defaulted mortgage loan current or in maximizing proceeds to the issuing entity, the special servicer [and any sub-servicer] will be required to invest time and resources not otherwise required when collecting payments on performing mortgage loans. Modifications of mortgage loans implemented by the special servicer [or any sub-servicer] in order to maximize ultimate proceeds of such mortgage loans to issuing entity may have the effect of, among other things, reducing or otherwise changing the mortgage rate, forgiving or forbearing payments of principal, interest or other amounts owed under the mortgage loan, extending the final maturity date of the mortgage loan, capitalizing or deferring delinquent interest and other amounts owed under the mortgage loan, forbearing payment of a portion of the principal balance of the mortgage loan or any combination of these or other modifications.
Any modified mortgage loan may remain in the issuing entity, and the modification may result in a reduction in (or may eliminate) the funds received with respect of such mortgage loan. In particular, any modification to reduce or forgive the amount of interest payable on the mortgage loan will reduce the amount cash flow available to make distributions of interest on the certificates, which will likely impact the most subordinated classes of certificates that suffer the shortfall. To the extent the modification defers principal payments on the mortgage loan (including as a result of an extension of its stated maturity date), certificates entitled to principal distributions will likely be repaid more slowly than anticipated, and if principal payments on the mortgage loan are forgiven, the reduction will cause a write-down of the certificate balances of the certificates in reverse order of seniority. See "Description of the Certificates—Subordination; Allocation of Realized Losses".
The ability to modify mortgage loans by the special servicer may be limited by several factors. First, if the special servicer has to consider a large number of modifications, operational constraints may affect the ability of the servicer to adequately address all of the needs of the borrowers. Furthermore, the terms of the related servicing agreement may prohibit the special servicer from taking certain actions in connection with a loan modification, such as an extension of the loan term beyond a specified date such as a specified number of years prior to the rated final distribution date. You should consider the importance of the role of the special servicer in maximizing collections for the transaction and the impediments the special servicer may encounter when servicing delinquent or defaulted mortgage loans. In some cases, failure by a special servicer to timely modify the terms of a defaulted mortgage loan may reduce amounts available for distribution on the certificates in respect of such mortgage loan, and consequently may reduce amounts available for distribution to the related certificates. In addition, even if a loan modification is successfully completed, we cannot assure you that that the related borrower will continue to perform under the terms of the modified mortgage loan.
Modifications that are designed to maximize collections in the aggregate may adversely affect a particular class of certificates. The pooling and servicing agreement obligates the special servicer not to consider the interests of individual classes of certificates. You should note that in connection with considering a modification or other type of loss mitigation, the special servicer may incur or bear related out-of-pocket expenses, such as appraisal fees, which would be reimbursed to the special servicer from the transaction as servicing advances and paid from amounts received on the modified loan or from other
mortgage loans in the mortgage pool but in each case, prior to distributions being made on the certificates.
Sponsors May Not Make Required Repurchases or Substitutions of Defective Mortgage Loans or Pay Any Loss of Value Payment Sufficient to Cover All Losses on a Defective Mortgage Loan
Each sponsor is the sole warranting party in respect of the mortgage loans sold by such sponsor to us. Neither we nor any of our affiliates (except [___________] in its capacity as a sponsor) is obligated to repurchase or substitute any mortgage loan or make any payment to compensate the issuing entity in connection with a breach of any representation or warranty of a sponsor or any document defect, if the sponsor defaults on its obligation to do so. We cannot assure you that the sponsors will effect such repurchases or substitutions or make such payment to compensate the issuing entity. Although a loss of value payment may only be made to the extent that the special servicer deems such amount to be sufficient to compensate the issuing entity for such material defect or material breach, we cannot assure you that such loss of value payment will fully compensate the issuing entity for such material defect or material breach in all respects. In addition, the sponsors may have various legal defenses available to them in connection with a repurchase or substitution obligation or an obligation to pay the loss of value payment. [In particular, in the case of the non-serviced loan that is serviced under the pooling and servicing agreement entered into in connection with the securitization of the related pari passu companion loan, the asset representations reviewer under that pooling and servicing agreement may review the diligence file relating to such pari passu companion loan concurrently with the review of the asset representations reviewer of the related mortgage loan for this transaction, and their findings may be inconsistent, and such inconsistency may allow the related mortgage loan seller to challenge the findings of the asset representations reviewer of the affected mortgage loan.] Any mortgage loan that is not repurchased or substituted and that is not a "qualified mortgage" for a REMIC may cause designated portions of the issuing entity to fail to qualify as one or more REMICs or cause the issuing entity to incur a tax. See "Description of the Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreements".
Risks Relating to Interest on Advances and Special Servicing Compensation
To the extent described in this prospectus, the master servicer, the special servicer and the trustee will each be entitled to receive interest on unreimbursed advances made by it at the "Prime Rate" as published in The Wall Street Journal. This interest will generally accrue from the date on which the related advance is made or the related expense is incurred to the date of reimbursement. In addition, under certain circumstances, including delinquencies in the payment of principal and/or interest, a mortgage loan will be specially serviced and the special servicer will be entitled to compensation for special servicing activities. The right to receive interest on advances or special servicing compensation is senior to the rights of certificateholders to receive distributions on the offered certificates. The payment of interest on advances and the payment of compensation to the special servicer may lead to shortfalls in amounts otherwise distributable on your certificates.
Bankruptcy of a Servicer May Adversely Affect Collections on the Mortgage Loans and the Ability to Replace the Servicer
The master servicer or the special servicer may be eligible to become a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code or enter into receivership under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act ("FDIA"). If a master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, were to become a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code or enter into receivership under the FDIA, although the pooling and servicing agreement provides that such an event would entitle the issuing entity to terminate the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, the provision would most likely not be enforceable. However, a rejection of the pooling and servicing agreement by a master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, in a bankruptcy proceeding or repudiation of the pooling and servicing agreement in a receivership under the FDIA would be treated as a breach of the pooling and servicing agreement and give the issuing entity a claim for damages and the ability to appoint a successor master servicer or special servicer, as applicable. An assumption under the Bankruptcy Code would require the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, to cure its
pre-bankruptcy defaults, if any, and demonstrate that it is able to perform following assumption. The bankruptcy court may permit the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, to assume the servicing agreement and assign it to a third party. An insolvency by an entity governed by state insolvency law would vary depending on the laws of the particular state. We cannot assure you that a bankruptcy or receivership of the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, would not adversely impact the servicing of the mortgage loans or the issuing entity would be entitled to terminate the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, in a timely manner or at all.
If any master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, becomes the subject of bankruptcy or similar proceedings, the issuing entity claim to collections in that master servicer or special servicer's, as applicable, possession at the time of the bankruptcy filing or other similar filing may not be perfected. In this event, funds available to pay principal and interest on your certificates may be delayed or reduced.
The Sponsors, the Depositor and the Issuing Entity Are Subject to Bankruptcy or Insolvency Laws That May Affect the Issuing Entity's Ownership of the Mortgage Loans
In the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of a sponsor or the depositor, it is possible the issuing entity's right to payment from or ownership of the mortgage loans could be challenged, and if such challenge were successful, delays, reductions in payments and/or losses on the certificates could occur.
The transfer of the mortgage loans by the sponsors in connection with this offering is not expected to qualify for the securitization safe harbor adopted by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "FDIC") for securitizations sponsored by insured depository institutions. However, the safe harbor is non-exclusive.
In the case of each sponsor, an opinion of counsel will be rendered on the closing date, based on certain facts and assumptions and subject to certain qualifications, to the effect that the transfer of the applicable mortgage loans by such sponsor to the depositor would generally be respected in the event of a bankruptcy or insolvency of such sponsor. A legal opinion is not a guaranty as to what any particular court would actually decide, but rather an opinion as to the decision a court would reach if the issues are competently presented and the court followed existing precedent as to legal and equitable principles applicable in bankruptcy cases. In any event, we cannot assure you that the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, a bankruptcy trustee or another interested party, as applicable, would not attempt to assert that such transfer was not a sale. Even if a challenge were not successful, it is possible that payments on the certificates would be delayed while a court resolves the claim.
In addition, since the issuing entity is a common law trust, it may not be eligible for relief under the federal bankruptcy laws, unless it can be characterized as a "business trust" for purposes of the federal bankruptcy laws. Bankruptcy courts look at various considerations in making this determination, so it is not possible to predict with any certainty whether or not the issuing entity would be characterized as a "business trust". Regardless of whether a bankruptcy court ultimately determines that the issuing entity is a "business trust", it is possible that payments on the offered certificates would be delayed while the court resolved the issue.
Title II of the Dodd-Frank Act provides for an orderly liquidation authority ("OLA") under which the FDIC can be appointed as receiver of certain systemically important non-bank financial companies and their direct or indirect subsidiaries in certain cases. We make no representation as to whether this would apply to any of the sponsors. In January 2011, the acting general counsel of the FDIC issued a letter (the "Acting General Counsel's Letter") in which he expressed his view that, under then-existing regulations, the FDIC, as receiver under the OLA, would not, in the exercise of its OLA repudiation powers, recover as property of a financial company assets transferred by the financial company, provided that the transfer satisfies the conditions for the exclusion of assets from the financial company's estate under the Bankruptcy Code. The letter further noted that, while the FDIC staff may be considering recommending further regulations under OLA, the acting general counsel would recommend that such regulations incorporate a 90-day transition period for any provisions affecting the FDIC's statutory power to disaffirm or repudiate contracts. If, however, the FDIC were to adopt a different approach than that described in the Acting General Counsel's Letter, delays or reductions in payments on the offered certificates would occur.
The Requirement of the Special Servicer to Obtain FIRREA-Compliant Appraisals May Result in an Increased Cost to the Issuing Entity
Each appraisal obtained pursuant to the pooling and servicing agreement is required to contain a statement, or is accompanied by a letter from the appraiser, to the effect that the appraisal was performed in accordance with the requirements of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 ("FIRREA"), as in effect on the date such appraisal was obtained. Any such appraisal is likely to be more expensive than an appraisal that is not FIRREA compliant. Such increased cost could result in losses to the issuing entity. Additionally, FIRREA compliant appraisals are required to assume a value determined by a typically motivated buyer and seller, and could result in a higher appraised value than one not prepared assuming a forced liquidation or other distress situation. In addition, because a FIRREA compliant appraisal may result in a higher valuation than a non-FIRREA compliant appraisal, there may be a delay in calculating and applying appraisal reductions, which could result in the holders of a given class of certificates continuing to hold the full non-notionally reduced amount of such certificates for a longer period of time than would be the case if a non-FIRREA compliant appraisal were obtained.
[Risks Associated with Floating Rate Certificates]
The yield to maturity on the [FLOATING RATE CLASS] certificates will be highly sensitive to changes in the levels of [LIBOR] such that decreasing levels of [LIBOR] will have a negative effect on the yield to maturity of the holders of such certificates. In addition, prevailing market conditions may increase the spread above LIBOR at which comparable securities are being offered, which would cause such certificates to decline in value. Investors in [FLOATING RATE CLASS] certificates should consider the risk that lower than anticipated levels of LIBOR could result in lower yields to investors than the anticipated yields and the risk that increased spreads above LIBOR could result in a lower value of such certificates. See "—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Relating to Floating Rate Mortgage Loans" above.
The ability of the holders of the [FLOATING RATE CLASS] certificates to obtain the payment of interest at their floating pass-through rate will depend on payment by the swap counterparty pursuant to the swap contract. See "Description of the Derivatives Instrument—The Swap Counterparty". We cannot assure you that the swap counterparty (or its credit support provider) will maintain the rating described above or have sufficient assets or otherwise be able to fulfill its obligations under the swap contract. See "Description of the Derivatives Instrument" for a description of the swap contract and the rights and remedies available to the issuing entity in the event of a default by the swap counterparty.]
Tax Matters and Changes in Tax Law May Adversely Impact the Mortgage Loans or Your Investment
Tax Considerations Relating to Foreclosure. If the issuing entity acquires a mortgaged property subsequent to a default on the related mortgage loan (other than the non-serviced mortgage loan) or whole loan pursuant to a foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure, the special servicer would be required to retain an independent contractor to operate and manage such mortgaged property. Among other items, the independent contractor generally will not be able to perform construction work other than repair, maintenance or certain types of tenant build-outs, unless the construction was more than 10% completed when the mortgage loan defaulted or when the default of the mortgage loan becomes imminent. Any (i) net income from such operation (other than qualifying "rents from real property") (ii) rental income based on the net profits of a tenant or sub-tenant or allocable to a service that is non-customary in the area and for the type of property involved and (iii) rental income attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property, if the rent attributable to the personal property exceeds 15% of the total rent for the taxable year, will subject the related Lower-Tier REMIC to federal tax (and possibly state or local tax) on such income at the highest marginal corporate tax rate. No determination has been made whether any portion of the income from the mortgaged properties constitutes "rent from real property". Any such imposition of tax will reduce the net proceeds available for distribution to certificateholders. The special servicer may permit the related Lower-Tier REMIC to earn "net income from foreclosure property" that is subject to tax if it determines that the net after-tax benefit to holders of
certificates is greater than under another method of operating or leasing the mortgaged property. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Realization Upon Mortgage Loans". In addition, if the issuing entity were to acquire one or more mortgaged properties pursuant to a foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure, upon acquisition of those mortgaged properties, the issuing entity may in certain jurisdictions, particularly in New York, be required to pay state or local transfer or excise taxes upon liquidation of such properties. Such state or local taxes may reduce net proceeds available for distribution to the certificateholders.
REMIC Status. If an entity intended to qualify as a REMIC fails to satisfy one or more of the REMIC provisions of the Code during any taxable year, the Code provides that such entity will not be treated as a REMIC for such year and any year thereafter. In such event, the issuing entity, including the Upper-Tier REMIC and the Lower-Tier REMICs, would likely be treated as one or more separate associations taxable as corporations under Treasury regulations, and the offered certificates may be treated as stock interests in those associations and not as debt instruments.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MORTGAGE POOL
General
The assets of the issuing entity will consist of (i) a pool of [___] [fixed] [floating] rate mortgage loans (the "Mortgage Loans" or, collectively, the "Mortgage Pool" ) with an aggregate principal balance as of the Cut-off Date (the "Initial Pool Balance") and (ii) [__] trust subordinate companion loans described below. The "Cut-off Date" means [________].
[__________] of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance, are each part of a larger whole loan, each of which is comprised of the related Mortgage Loan and one or more loans that are pari passu in right of payment to the related Mortgage Loan (collectively referred to in this prospectus as "Pari Passu Companion Loans") and/or are subordinate in right of payment to the related Mortgage Loan (referred to in this prospectus as a "Subordinate Companion Loan"). The Pari Passu Companion Loans and the Subordinate Companion Loan are collectively referred to as the "Companion Loans" in this prospectus, and each Mortgage Loan and the related Companion Loans are collectively referred to as a "Whole Loan". Each Companion Loan is secured by the same mortgage and the same single assignment of leases and rents securing the related Mortgage Loan. See "—The Whole Loans" below for more information regarding the rights of the holders of the Companion Loans and the servicing and administration of the Whole Loans that will not be serviced under the pooling and servicing agreement for this transaction. One Subordinate Companion Loan (the "Trust Subordinate Companion Loan") relating to [_____] Mortgage Loan, with an aggregate principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $[_______], will be included in the issuing entity. Although the Trust Subordinate Companion Loan will be an asset of the issuing entity, amounts distributable in respect of the Trust Subordinate Companion Loan pursuant to the related intercreditor agreement will be payable only to the [LOAN-SPECIFIC CLASS] certificates. [FOR PURPOSES OF THIS PROSPECTUS, IT IS ASSUMED THAT ONE SUBORDINATE COMPANION LOAN WILL BE AN ASSET OF THE ISSUING ENTITY (AND REFERRED TO HERE IN AS A TRUST SUBORDINATE COMPANION LOAN), AND WOULD BE REPRESENTED BY A LOAN-SPECIFIC CLASS OF CERTIFICATES, WE ALSO ASSUME THE POSSIBILITY OF A SUBORDINATE COMPANION LOAN THAT IS AN ASSET OWNED BY A THIRD PARTY AND NOT BY THE ISSUING ENTITY. IN THE CASE OF THAT SUBORDINATE COMPANION LOAN, THERE IS NO LOAN-SPECIFIC CLASS OF CERTIFICATES ISSUED, AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE HOLDER OF THE SUBORDINATE COMPANION LOAN WOULD BE EXERCISED OR PERFORMED BY THAT HOLDER, RATHER THAN, AS IS SET FORTH IN THIS PROSPECTUS, BY A HOLDER OF THE LOAN-SPECIFIC CLASS OF CERTIFICATES (SOMETIMES REFERRED TO IN THIS PROSPECTUS AS THE LOAN SPECIFIC DIRECTING CERTIFICATEHOLDER.)]
The Mortgage Loans and Whole Loans were originated or acquired by the mortgage loan sellers set forth in the following chart and such entities will sell their respective Mortgage Loans and the Trust Subordinate Companion Loan to the depositor, which will turn sell the Mortgage Loans and the Trust Subordinate Companion Loan to the issuing entity:
Sellers of the Mortgage Loans
| | | | Aggregate Cut-Off Date Balance of Mortgage Loans | | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance |
[___] | | [___] | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
Total | | [___] | | $[___] | | [___]% |
(1) | [Add appropriate footnotes.] |
Each of the Mortgage Loans [or Whole Loans] is evidenced by one or more promissory notes or similar evidence of indebtedness (each a "Mortgage Note") and, in each case, secured by (or, in the case of an indemnity deed of trust, backed by a guaranty that is secured by) a mortgage, deed of trust or other similar security instrument (a "Mortgage") creating a first lien on a fee simple and/or leasehold interest in a commercial or multifamily real property] (each, a "Mortgaged Property").
The Mortgage Loans are generally non-recourse loans. In the event of a borrower default on a non-recourse Mortgage Loan, recourse may be had only against the specific Mortgaged Property and the other limited assets securing such Mortgage Loan, and not against the related borrower's other assets. The Mortgage Loans are not insured or guaranteed by the sponsors, the mortgage loan sellers or any other person or entity unrelated to the respective borrower. You should consider all of the Mortgage Loans to be nonrecourse loans as to which recourse in the case of default will be limited to the specific property and other assets, if any, pledged to secure the related Mortgage Loan.
Certain Calculations and Definitions
This prospectus sets forth certain information with respect to the Mortgage Loans and the Mortgaged Properties. The sum in any column of the tables presented in Annex A-2 may not equal the indicated total due to rounding. The information in Annex A-1 with respect to the Mortgage Loans (or Whole Loans, if applicable) and the Mortgaged Properties is based upon the pool of the Mortgage Loans as it is expected to be constituted as of the close of business on the [____________] (the "Closing Date"), assuming that (i) all scheduled principal and interest payments due on or before the Cut-off Date will be made and (ii) there will be no principal prepayments on or before the Closing Date. The statistics in Annex A-1, Annex A-2 and Annex A-3 were primarily derived from information provided to the depositor by each sponsor, which information may have been obtained from the borrowers.
All percentages of the Mortgage Loans and Mortgaged Properties, or of any specified group of Mortgage Loans and Mortgaged Properties, referred to in this prospectus without further description are approximate percentages of the Initial Pool Balance by Cut-off Date Balances and/or the allocated loan amount allocated to such Mortgaged Properties as of the Cut-off Date.
All information presented in this prospectus with respect to each Mortgage Loan with one or more Pari Passu Companion Loans is calculated in a manner that reflects the aggregate indebtedness evidenced by that Mortgage Loan and the related Pari Passu Companion Loan(s), unless otherwise indicated. [All information presented in this prospectus with respect to the Mortgage Loans with a Subordinate Companion Loan is calculated without regard to any related Subordinate Companion Loan, unless otherwise indicated.]
Definitions.
For purposes of this prospectus, including the information presented in the Annexes, the indicated terms have the following meanings:
"ADR" means, for any hotel property, average daily rate.
"Allocated Loan Amount" means, in the case of Mortgage Loans secured by a portfolio of Mortgaged Properties, a portion of the Cut-off Date Balance allocated to each Mortgaged Property based upon one or more of the related appraised values, the related underwritten net cash flow or prior allocations reflected in the related Mortgage Loan documents; provided that with respect to any Whole Loan secured by a portfolio of Mortgaged Properties, the Allocated Loan Amount represents only the pro rata portion of the related Mortgage Loan principal balance amount relative to the related Whole Loan principal balance.
"Annual Debt Service" generally means, for any Mortgage Loan, 12 times the average of the principal and interest payments for the first 12 payment periods of the Mortgage Loan following the Cut-off Date (but without regard to any leap year adjustments), provided that: (i) in the case of a Mortgage Loan that provides for interest only payments through maturity, the aggregate interest payments scheduled to be due on the Due Date following the Cut-off Date and the 11 Due Dates thereafter for such Mortgage Loan; and (ii) in the case of a Mortgage Loan that provides for an initial interest only period and provides for scheduled amortization payments after the expiration of such interest-only period, 12 times the monthly
payment of principal and interest payable during the amortization period. Monthly debt service and the debt service coverage ratios are also calculated using the average of the principal and interest payments for the first twelve payment periods of the Mortgage Loan following the Cut-off Date (but without regard to any leap year adjustments), subject to the proviso to the prior sentence. In the case of any Whole Loan, Annual Debt Service is calculated with respect to the Mortgage Loan including any related Companion Loan (except, in the case of a Mortgage Loan with the Subordinate Companion Loan, Loan-to-Value Ratios were calculated without regard to any related Subordinate Companion Loan. Annual Debt Service is calculated with regard to the related Mortgage Loan included in the issuing entity only, unless otherwise indicated.
"Appraised Value" means, for any Mortgaged Property, the appraiser's adjusted value of such Mortgaged Property as determined by the most recent third party appraisal of the Mortgaged Property available to the applicable mortgage loan seller [as set forth under "Appraised Value" on Annex A-1]. In certain cases, the appraisals state an "as-stabilized", "as complete", "as repaired", "hypothetical", or "as renovated" value as well as "as-is" value for the related Mortgaged Property that assume that certain events will occur with respect to the retenanting, construction renovation or repairs at such Mortgaged Property. In most such cases, the applicable mortgage loan seller has taken reserves sufficient to complete such retenanting, construction, renovation or repairs. We make no representation that sufficient amounts have been reserved or that the appraised value would approximate either the value that would be determined in a current appraisal of the related Mortgaged Property or the amount that would be realized upon a sale. In addition, with respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the portfolio of Mortgaged Properties, the Appraised Value represents the "as-is", "as-complete" or "as-stabilized" value for the portfolio of Mortgaged Properties as a collective whole, which is generally higher than the aggregate of the "as-is" "as-complete" or "as-stabilized" appraised values of the individual Mortgaged Properties. With respect to any Mortgage Loan that is a part of a Whole Loan, Appraised Value is based on the appraised value of the related Mortgaged Property that secures the entire Whole Loan.
In the case of certain of the Mortgage Loans, the Loan-to-Value Ratio for such Mortgage Loans has been calculated based on the "as-complete" or "as stabilized" Appraised Value of the related Mortgaged Property, and in certain other cases, based on an Appraised Value that includes certain property that does not qualify as real property. The Appraised Value set forth on Annex A-1 is the "as-is" value unless otherwise specified in this prospectus, on Annex A-1 and/or the related footnotes.
"Balloon Balance" means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, the principal amount that will be due at maturity (or, in the case of any ARD Loan, at the related Anticipated Repayment Date) for such Mortgage Loan, assuming no payment defaults or principal prepayments.
"Cut-off Date Balance" of any Mortgage Loan or Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, will be the unpaid principal balance of that Mortgage Loan or Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, as of the Cut-off Date for such Mortgage Loan or Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, after application of all payments due on or before that date, whether or not received.
"EGI" means [__________].
"GLA" means gross leasable area.
"Grace Period" is the number of days before a payment default is an event of default under the related Mortgage Loan and/or before the imposition of late payment charges and/or default interest.
"Hard Lockbox" means that the borrower is required to direct the tenants to pay rents directly to a lockbox account controlled by the lender. Hotel, multifamily and manufactured housing community properties are considered to have a hard lockbox if credit card receivables are required to be deposited directly into the lockbox account even though cash, checks or "over the counter" receipts are deposited by the manager of the related Mortgaged Property into the lockbox account controlled by the lender.
"In-Place Cash Management" means, for funds directed into a lockbox, such funds are generally not made immediately available to the related borrower, but instead are forwarded to a cash management
account controlled by the lender and the funds are disbursed according to the related Mortgage Loan documents with any excess remitted to the related borrower (unless an event of default under the Mortgage Loan documents or one or more specified trigger events have occurred and are outstanding) generally on a daily basis.
"IO" means interest only.
"IO Period UW NCF DSCR" means the Debt Service Coverage Ratio with respect to any related mortgage loan that has an interest-only period that has not expired as of the Cut-off Date but will expire prior to maturity.
"Largest Tenant" means, with respect to any Mortgaged Property, the tenant occupying the largest amount of net rentable square feet.
"Largest Tenant Lease Expiration" means the date at which the applicable Largest Tenant's lease is scheduled to expire.
"Loan Per Unit" means the principal balance per Unit as of the Cut-off Date. With respect to any mortgage loan that is part of an AB Whole Loan, the Loan Per Unit is calculated without regard to the subordinate companion loan and is based solely on the Mortgage Loan included in the issuing entity, unless otherwise indicated. With respect to any Mortgage Loan that is part of a Whole Loan or Non-Serviced Whole Loan, the Loan Per Unit is calculated with regard to both the Serviced Companion Loan (or Non-Serviced Companion Loan, as applicable) and the related Mortgage Loan included in the issuing entity, unless otherwise indicated. With respect to any Mortgage Loan contained in any group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans, the Loan Per Unit is calculated on the basis of the aggregate principal balances of all Mortgage Loans comprising such group.
"Loan-to-Value Ratio," "Cut-off Date Loan-to-Value Ratio", "Cut-off Date LTV," "Cut-off Date LTV Ratio," "LTV Ratio" or "Current LTV" means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, (a) the Cut-off Date Balance of such Mortgage Loan divided (b) by the Appraised Value of the related Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties.
In the case of a Mortgage Loan that is part of a Whole Loan unless otherwise indicated, Loan-to-Value Ratios were calculated with respect to such Mortgage Loan including any related Companion Loan (except, in the case of a Mortgage Loan with a Subordinate Companion Loan, Loan-to-Value Ratios were calculated without regard to any related Subordinate Companion Loan).
With respect to any cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted Mortgage Loan, such terms mean the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the aggregate Cut-off Date Balance of the related Mortgage Loans divided by the aggregate Appraised Value of the related Mortgaged Properties. See the definition of "Appraised Value" above and Annex A-1 and the related footnotes.
With respect to the Mortgaged Properties that secure the Mortgage Loans listed in the following table, the respective Cut-off Date LTV Ratio was calculated based on the respective Cut-off Date Balance less a related earnout or holdback reserve. The respective Cut-off Date LTV Ratios calculated without adjusting for the related earnout or holdback reserve are as follows:
| | | | Un-Adjusted Cut-off Date LTV Ratio | | | | |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] �� | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
"Loan-to-Value Ratio at Maturity or ARD", "LTV Ratio at Maturity or ARD," "Balloon LTV", "Maturity Date LTV Ratio" or "Maturity Date LTV" means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, (a) the Balloon
Balance for such Mortgage Loan, divided by (b) the Appraised Value of the related Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties.
In the case of a Mortgage Loan that is part of a Whole Loan, unless otherwise indicated, Loan-to-Value Ratios at Maturity or ARD were calculated with respect to such Mortgage Loan including any related Pari Passu Companion Loan (except, in the case of a Mortgage Loan with one or more related Subordinate Companion Loans, Loan-to-Value Ratios at Maturity or ARD were calculated without regard to any related Subordinate Companion Loan).
In the case of an ARD Loan, the Loan-to-Value Ratio at Maturity or ARD is calculated with respect to the related Balloon Balance on the related Anticipated Repayment Date. In the case of certain of the Mortgage Loans, the Loan-to-Value Ratio at Maturity or ARD for such Mortgage Loans has been calculated, in certain cases, based on the "as-complete" Appraised Value of the related Mortgaged Property, and in certain other cases, based on an Appraised Value that includes certain property that does not qualify as real property. For further description, see the definition of "Appraised Value" above and Annex A-1 and the footnotes thereto.
With respect to any cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted Mortgage Loan, such terms mean the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the aggregate Balloon Balance of the related Mortgage Loans divided by the aggregate Appraised Value of the related Mortgaged Properties.
With respect to the Mortgaged Properties that secure the Mortgage Loans listed in the following table, the respective Loan-to-Value Ratio at Maturity or ARD was calculated using the related ["as stabilized" Appraised Values], as opposed to the "as is" Appraised Values, each as set forth below:
| | % of Initial Pool Balance | | Maturity Date LTV Ratio ("As Stabilized") | | ["As Stabilized" Appraised Value] | | Maturity Date LTV Ratio ("As Is") | | |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% | | $[___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% | | $[___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% | | $[___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% | | $[___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% | | $[___] |
"Mortgage Rate" with respect to each mortgage loan, or Whole Loan and any Interest Accrual Period, means the annual rate at which interest accrues on such Mortgage Loan or Whole Loan (without regard to any increase in such rate after the Anticipated Repayment Date in the case of an ARD Loan) during such period (in the absence of a default), as set forth in the related Mortgage Note from time to time (the initial Mortgage Rate with respect to each Mortgage Loan is set forth on Annex A-1 to this prospectus); provided, that for purposes of calculating the Net Mortgage Rate and the weighted average Net Mortgage Rate, the Mortgage Rate for any Mortgage Loan will be determined without regard to any default interest and without taking into account any reduction in the interest rate by a bankruptcy court pursuant to a plan of reorganization or pursuant to any of its equitable powers or a reduction of interest or principal due to a modification, waiver or amendment of the terms of that Mortgage Loan pursuant to the PSA.
"Most Recent NOI" and "Trailing 12 NOI" (which is for the period ending as of the date specified in Annex A) is the net operating income for a Mortgaged Property as established by information provided by the borrowers, except that in certain cases such net operating income has been adjusted by removing certain non-recurring expenses and revenue or by certain other normalizations. Most Recent NOI and Trailing 12 NOI do not necessarily reflect accrual of certain costs such as taxes and capital expenditures and do not reflect non-cash items such a depreciation or amortization. In some cases, capital expenditures may have been treated by a borrower as an expense or expenses treated as capital expenditures. Most Recent NOI and Trailing 12 NOI were not necessarily determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Moreover, Most Recent NOI and Trailing 12 NOI are not a substitute for net income determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles as a measure of the results of a property's operations or a substitute for cash flows from operating activities determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles as a measure of liquidity and in certain cases may reflect partial year annualizations.
"MSA" means metropolitan statistical area.
"Net Operating Income" or "NOI" means historical net operating income for a Mortgaged Property for the annual or other period specified (or ending on the "NOI Date" specified), and generally consists of revenue derived from the use and operation of the Mortgaged Property, consisting primarily of rental income (and in the case of cooperative mortgage loans, assuming that the property was operated as a rental property), less the sum of (a) operating expenses (such as utilities, administrative expenses, management fees and advertising) and (b) fixed expenses, such as insurance, real estate taxes (except in the case of certain Mortgage Loans included in the issuing entity, where the related borrowers are exempted from real estate taxes and assessments) and, if applicable, ground lease payments. Net operating income generally does not reflect (i.e. it does not deduct for) capital expenditures, including tenant improvement costs and leasing commissions, interest expenses and non-cash items such as depreciation and amortization.
"NRA" means net rentable area.
"Occupancy Rate" means the percentage of Square Feet, Units, Rooms or Pads, as the case may be, of a Mortgaged Property that was occupied or leased as of or, in the case of certain properties, average Units or Rooms so occupied over a specified period ending on, a specified date (identified on Annex A-1 to this prospectus as the "Occupancy Rate As-of Date"), as specified by the borrower or as derived from the Mortgaged Property's rent rolls, operating statements or appraisals or as determined by a site inspection of such Mortgaged Property. Such percentage may include tenants which have executed a lease to occupy such Mortgaged Property even though the applicable tenant has not taken physical occupancy. The Occupancy Rate presented in this prospectus may include space subject to build-out or other renovation and may exclude space currently under renovation. Generally, for purposes of the presentation in this prospectus, we consider a "master lease" to be a lease by an affiliate of the borrower, or by an entity (or an affiliate of an entity) from which the borrower acquired the Mortgaged Property, that (in either case) is obligated to pay rent under a lease with the borrower but does not conduct business operations at the leased premises. We do not consider the following to be a "master lease" for purposes of the presentation in this prospectus: (i) a lease executed in connection with a sale-leaseback arrangement under which an unaffiliated seller of a property (or an affiliate thereof) conducts business operations at the Mortgaged Property and executes a long-term lease at the Mortgaged Property simultaneously with its acquisition by the borrower; (ii) a lease executed by the borrower, property seller or other person that (a) relates to space, whether or not occupied, that is leased by an unaffiliated tenant and (b) has the effect of making that borrower, seller or other person liable, in whole or in part, for the payment of rent that is not more than the rent payable by the unaffiliated tenant under its lease or (iii) a master lease that was not taken into account in the underwriting. "Master leases" are typically used in connection with the origination of a loan to bring occupancy to a "stabilized" level but may not provide additional economic support for the Mortgage Loan. A master lease may relate to all or a portion of a Mortgaged Property. We identify the Mortgaged Properties that have "master leases," the square footage represented by each master lease and the rental rate represented by each master lease in Annex A-1 and Annex A-3 to this prospectus and, if applicable to the Mortgaged Properties securing the [ten (10)] largest Mortgage Loans or groups of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans in the mortgage pool, in Annex A-3 to this prospectus.
In some cases, the "Debt Service Coverage Ratio" information and the "Occupancy Rate" with respect to a Mortgaged Property reflects the existence of a "master lease."
"Occupancy Date" means the date of determination of the Occupancy of a Mortgaged Property.
"Original Balance" means the principal balance of the Mortgage Loan as of the date of origination.
"RevPAR" means, with respect to any hospitality property, revenues per available room.
"Soft Lockbox" means that the related borrower is required to deposit or cause the property manager to deposit all rents collected into a lockbox account. Hotel, multifamily and manufactured housing
community properties are considered to have a soft lockbox if credit card receivables, cash, checks or "over the counter" receipts are deposited into the lockbox account by the borrower or property manager.
"Soft Springing Lockbox" means that the related borrower is required to deposit, or cause the property manager to deposit, all rents collected into a lockbox account until the occurrence of an event of default under the loan documents or one or more specified trigger events, at which time the lockbox account converts to a Hard Lockbox.
"Springing Cash Management" means, until the occurrence of an event of default under the Mortgage Loan documents or one or more specified trigger events, revenue from the lockbox is forwarded to an account controlled by the related borrower or is otherwise made available to the related borrower. Upon the occurrence of an event of default or such a trigger event, the Mortgage Loan documents require the related revenue to be forwarded to a cash management account controlled by the lender and the funds are disbursed according to the related loan documents.
"Springing Lockbox" means a lockbox that is not currently in place, but the related loan documents require the imposition of a lockbox account upon the occurrence of an event of default under the loan documents or one or more specified trigger events.
"Square Feet", "SF" or "Sq. Ft." means, in the case of a Mortgaged Property operated as a retail center, office, industrial/warehouse facility, combination retail/office or other single purpose property, the square footage of the net rentable or leasable area.
"T-12" and "TTM" each means trailing 12 months.
"Term to Maturity" means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, the remaining term, in months, from the Cut-off Date for such Mortgage Loan to the related maturity date or, in the case of an ARD Loan, the related Anticipated Repayment Date, as applicable. Annex A-1 indicates which Mortgage Loans are ARD Loans.
"Underwritten Expenses" means, with respect to any mortgaged property securing an underlying mortgage loan, the annual operating expenses estimated for that property, generally derived from the historical annual expenses reflected in the operating statements and other information furnished by the related borrower, except that those expenses were often modified as follows:
· | operating expenses were generally adjusted by various factors such as inflation, appraisers' estimates and historical trends; |
· | if there was no management fee or a management fee which varies from the market, it was assumed that a management fee is payable with respect to the mortgaged property in an amount that is the greater of the market rate as determined by an appraiser or the lender's minimum management fee underwriting criteria for the applicable property type; and |
· | those expenses were adjusted so as to eliminate any capital expenditures, loan closing costs, tenant improvements or leasing commissions and similar nonrecurring expenses. |
Underwritten Expenses generally include:
· | salaries, wages and benefits; |
· | repairs and maintenance; |
· | security, if provided at the mortgaged property; |
· | general and administrative expenses; and |
· | ground lease payments, and other costs, |
but without any deductions for debt service, depreciation and amortization or capital expenditures, tenant improvements or leasing commissions.
[“Underwritten NCF Debt Yield”, “UW NCF Debt Yield” or “Cut‑off Date UW NCF” means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, the Underwritten Net Cash Flow for such Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties divided by the Cut‑off Date Balance for the related Mortgage Loan. In the case of a Mortgage Loan that is part of a Whole Loan, unless otherwise indicated, Underwritten NCF Debt Yields were calculated with respect to such Mortgage Loan including any related Pari Passu Companion Loan (except, in the case of a Mortgage Loan with one or more related Subordinate Companion Loans, Underwritten NCF Debt Yields were calculated without regard to any related Subordinate Companion Loan). With respect to any cross‑collateralized and cross‑defaulted Mortgage Loan, such terms mean the ratio of the aggregate Underwritten Net Cash Flow produced by the related Mortgaged Properties divided by the aggregate Annual Debt Service of the related Mortgage Loans.
With respect to the Mortgaged Properties that secure the Mortgage Loans listed in the following table, the applicable Underwritten NCF Debt Yield was calculated based on the its Cut‑off Date Balance less a related earnout or holdback reserve. The applicable Underwritten NCF Debt Yields calculated without adjusting for the related earnout or holdback reserve are as follows:]
| | | | Un-Adjusted Underwritten NCF Debt Yield | | | | Underwritten NCF Debt Yield |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[“Underwritten Net Cash Flow,” “Underwritten NCF” or “UW NCF,” with respect to any Mortgaged Property, means the Underwritten Net Operating Income decreased by an amount that the related mortgage loan seller has determined for the capital expenditures and reserves for capital expenditures, including tenant improvement costs and leasing commissions, as applicable. Underwritten Net Cash Flow generally does not reflect interest expense and non‑cash items such as depreciation and amortization. [Underwritten Net Cash Flow does not reflect debt service or non‑cash items such as depreciation or amortization. In determining rental revenue for multifamily rental, [manufactured housing community] and self‑storage properties, the related mortgage loan seller either reviewed rental revenue shown on the certified rolling 12 month operating statements or annualized the rental revenue and reimbursement of expenses shown on rent rolls or recent partial year operating statements with respect to the prior one to 12 month periods.]]
“Underwritten Net Cash Flow DSCR”, “Underwritten NCF DSCR”, “UW DSCR”, “UW NCF DSCR”, “Debt Service Coverage Ratio” or “DSCR” means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, “Underwritten NCF DSCR”, “UW NCF DSCR”, “UW DSCR”, “Debt Service Coverage Ratio” or “DSCR” means, with respect to any mortgage loan, (a) the Underwritten Net Cash Flow for the related mortgaged property or mortgaged properties, divided by (b) the Annual Debt Service for such mortgage loan. For purposes of the information presented in this prospectus, the Debt Service Coverage Ratio (unless otherwise
indicated) with respect to (a) any mortgage loan that is part of an AB Whole Loan, reflects solely the Annual Debt Service payable under the mortgage loan included in the issuing entity, without regard to the Subordinate Companion Loan, (b) any mortgage loan that is otherwise part of a Whole Loan, reflects the Annual Debt Service payable under both the pari passu Serviced Companion Loan (or Non‑Serviced Companion Loan, as applicable) and the mortgage loan included in the issuing entity and (c) any mortgage loan contained in any group of cross‑collateralized mortgage loans, is calculated on the basis of the Underwritten Net Cash Flow generated by all the mortgaged properties securing such group and the aggregate Annual Debt Service payable under all mortgage loans comprising such group, in each case unless otherwise indicated.
With respect to the Mortgaged Properties that secure the Mortgage Loans listed in the following table, the respective Underwritten Net Cash Flow DSCR was calculated based on the respective Cut‑off Date Balance less a related earnout or holdback reserve. The respective Underwritten Net Cash Flow DSCR calculated without adjusting for the related earnout or holdback reserve are as follows:
| | | | Un-Adjusted Underwritten NCF DSCR | | | | |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
In general, debt service coverage ratios are used by income property lenders to measure the ratio of (a) cash currently generated by a property that is available for debt service to (b) required debt service payments. However, debt service coverage ratios only measure the current, or recent, ability of a property to service mortgage debt. If a property does not possess a stable operating expectancy (for instance, if it is subject to material leases that are scheduled to expire during the loan term and that provide for above‑market rents and/or that may be difficult to replace), a debt service coverage ratio may not be a reliable indicator of a property’s ability to service the mortgage debt over the entire remaining loan term. The Underwritten NCF DSCRs are presented herein for illustrative purposes only and, as discussed above, are limited in their usefulness in assessing the current, or predicting the future, ability of a mortgaged property to generate sufficient cash flow to repay the related mortgage loan.
In some cases, the “UW NCF DSCR” information and the “Occupancy Rate” with respect to a mortgaged property reflects the existence of a “master lease.”
“Underwritten Net Cash Flow,” “Underwritten NCF” or “UW NCF,” with respect to any Mortgaged Property, means the Underwritten Net Operating Income decreased by the estimated capital expenditures and reserves for capital expenditures, including tenant improvement costs and leasing commissions, as applicable. Underwritten Net Cash Flow generally does not reflect interest expense and non‑cash items such as depreciation and amortization.
“Underwritten Net Operating Income” or “UW NOI” with respect to any Mortgaged Property, means an estimate of cash flow available for debt service in a typical year of stable, normal operations as determined by the related mortgage loan seller. In general, it is the estimated revenue derived from the use and operation of such Mortgaged Property (in certain cases, however, inclusive of rents under master leases with an affiliate of the borrower that relate to space not used or occupied by the master lease tenant), consisting primarily of rental income, less the sum of (a) estimated operating expenses (such as utilities, administrative expenses, repairs and maintenance, management fees, franchise fees and advertising), and (b) estimated fixed expenses, such as insurance, real estate taxes and, if applicable, ground lease payments. The Underwritten Net Operating Income for each Mortgaged Property is calculated on the basis of numerous assumptions and subjective judgments, which, if ultimately proven erroneous, could cause the actual net cash flow for such Mortgaged Property to differ materially from the Underwritten Net Operating Income set forth herein. Certain of such assumptions and subjective judgments of each related mortgage loan seller relate to future events, conditions and circumstances,
including future expense levels, future increases in rents over current rental rates (including in circumstances where a tenant may currently be in a free or reduced rent period), future vacancy rates, commencement of occupancy and rent payments with respect to leases for which rentals have not yet commenced, the re‑leasing of vacant space and the continued leasing of occupied space, which will be affected by a variety of complex factors over which none of the depositor, the applicable mortgage loan seller, the master servicer or the special servicer has control. In some cases, the Underwritten Net Operating Income set forth herein for any mortgaged property is higher, and may be materially higher, than the annual net operating income for such mortgaged property based on historical operating statements.
In determining Underwritten Net Operating Income for a Mortgaged Property, the applicable mortgage loan seller generally relied on rent rolls and/or other generally unaudited financial information provided by the respective borrowers; and in some cases, the appraisal and/or local market information was the primary basis for the determination. From that information, the applicable mortgage loan seller calculated stabilized estimates of cash flow that took into consideration historical financial statements (where available), material changes in the operating position of a Mortgaged Property of which the applicable mortgage loan seller was aware (e.g., current rent roll information including newly signed leases, near term market rent steps, expirations of "free rent" periods, market rents, and market vacancy data), contractual rent increases and estimated capital expenditures, leasing commissions and tenant improvement costs. In certain cases, the applicable mortgage loan seller's estimate of Underwritten Net Operating Income reflected differences from the information contained in the operating statements obtained from the respective borrowers (resulting in either an increase or decrease from the recent historical net operating income set forth therein) based upon the applicable mortgage loan seller's own analysis of such operating statements and the assumptions applied by the respective borrowers in preparing such statements and information. In certain instances, for example, property management fees and other expenses may have been taken into account in the calculation of Underwritten Net Operating Income even though such expenses may not have been reflected in actual historic operating statements. In most of those cases, the information was annualized, with some exceptions, before using it as a basis for the determination of Underwritten Net Operating Income.
The Underwritten Net Operating Income for cooperative mortgaged properties is based on projected net operating income at the Mortgaged Property, as determined by the appraisal obtained in connection with the origination of the related Mortgage Loan, assuming that the related Mortgaged Property was operated as a rental property with rents set at prevailing market rates taking into account the presence, if any, of existing rent-controlled or rent-stabilized occupants, if any, reduced by underwritten capital expenditures, property operating expenses, a market-rate vacancy assumption and projected reserves.
Historical operating results may not be available or were deemed not relevant for some of the Mortgage Loans which are secured by Mortgaged Properties with newly constructed improvements, Mortgaged Properties with triple net leases, Mortgaged Properties that have recently undergone substantial renovations and newly acquired Mortgaged Properties. In such cases, items of revenue and expense used in calculating Underwritten Net Operating Income were generally derived from rent rolls, estimates set forth in the related appraisal, leases with tenants or from other borrower-supplied information such as estimates or budgets.
"Underwritten NOI Debt Yield" or "UW NOI Debt Yield" means, with respect to any mortgage loan, the Underwritten Net Operating Income for the related Mortgaged Property divided by the Cut-off Date Balance for such Mortgage Loan. With respect to any Mortgage Loan that is part of an AB Whole Loan, the calculation of the UW NOI Debt Yield is calculated without regard to the Subordinate Companion Loan and is based solely on the Mortgage Loan included in the issuing entity, unless otherwise indicated. With respect to any Mortgage Loan that is otherwise part of a Whole Loan, the calculation of the UW NOI Debt Yield is calculated with regard to both the Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (or Non-Serviced Companion Loan, as applicable) and the related Mortgage Loan included in the issuing entity, unless otherwise indicated. With respect to any mortgage loan in any group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans, UW NOI Debt Yield is calculated on the basis of the aggregate Cut-off Date Balance of all
Mortgage Loans comprising such group and the aggregate Underwritten Net Operating Income of all Mortgage Loans comprising such group, in each case unless otherwise indicated.
With respect to the Mortgaged Properties that secure the Mortgage Loans listed in the following table, the applicable Underwritten NOI Debt Yield was calculated based on the Cut-off Date Balance less a related earnout or holdback reserve. The applicable Underwritten NOI Debt Yields calculated without adjusting for the related earnout or holdback reserve are as follows:
| | | | Un-Adjusted Underwritten NOI Debt Yield | | | | Underwritten NOI Debt Yield |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | $[___] | | [___]% |
"UW EGI" or "Underwritten EGI" with respect to any mortgaged property, means the gross potential rent, recoveries and other income, less mark-to-market, vacancy and collection loss.
"UW NCF Debt Yield" means, with respect to any Mortgaged Property, the Underwritten Net Cash Flow for such Mortgaged Property divided by the Cut‑off Date Balance for the related Mortgage Loan. With respect to any Mortgage Loan that is part of an AB Whole Loan, the calculation of the UW NCF Debt Yield is calculated without regard to the Subordinate Companion Loan and is based solely on the Mortgage Loan included in the issuing entity, unless otherwise indicated. With respect to any Mortgage Loan that is otherwise part of a Whole Loan, the calculation of the UW NCF Debt Yield is calculated with regard to both the Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (or Non‑Serviced Companion Loan, as applicable) and the related Mortgage Loan included in the issuing entity, unless otherwise indicated. With respect to any Mortgage Loan in any group of cross‑collateralized Mortgage Loans, UW NCF Debt Yield is calculated on the basis of the aggregate Cut‑off Date Balance of all Mortgage Loans comprising such group and the aggregate Underwritten Net Cash Flow of all Mortgage Loans comprising such group, in each case unless otherwise indicated.
"
UW NOI DSCR" means, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, (a) the Underwritten Net Operating Income for the related Mortgaged Property or Mortgaged Properties, divided by (b) the Annual Debt Service for such Mortgage Loan. With respect to any Mortgage Loan that is part of an AB Whole Loan, Annual Debt Service is calculated without regard to the Subordinate Companion Loan and is based solely on the Mortgage Loan included in the issuing entity, unless otherwise indicated. With respect to any Mortgage Loan that is otherwise part of a Whole Loan, Annual Debt Service is calculated with regard to both the Serviced Companion Loan (or Non-Serviced Companion Loan, as applicable) and the related Mortgage Loan included in the issuing entity, unless otherwise indicated. With respect to any Mortgage Loan in any group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans, UW NOI DSCR is calculated on the basis of the aggregate Annual Debt Service of all Mortgage Loans comprising such group and the aggregate Underwritten Net Operating Income of all Mortgage Loans comprising such group, in each case unless otherwise indicated.
"UW Revenue" or "Underwritten Revenue" with respect to any mortgage loan, the gross potential rent, less vacancies and collection loss.
"Units", "Rooms", "Beds" or "Pads" means (a) in the case of a Mortgaged Property operated as multifamily housing, the number of apartments, regardless of the size of or number of rooms in such apartment, (b) in the case of a Mortgaged Property operated as a hotel property, the number of guest rooms, (c) in the case of a Mortgaged Property operated as a manufactured housing community property, the number of pads for manufactured homes [or (d) in the case of certain Mortgaged Properties operating as student housing, the number of beds.]
"Weighted Average Mortgage Rate" means the weighted average of the Mortgage Rates as of the Cut-off Date.
Mortgage Pool Characteristics
Overview
Cut-off Date Mortgage Loan Characteristics
| |
Initial Pool Balance | $[___] |
Number of Mortgage Loans | [___] |
Number of Mortgaged Properties | [___] |
Number of crossed loan pools | [___] |
Crossed loan pools as a percentage | [___]% |
Range of Cut-off Date Balances | $[___] to $[___] |
Average Cut-off Date Balance | $[___] |
Range of Mortgage Rates | [___]% to [___]% |
Weighted average Mortgage Rate | [___]% |
Range of original terms to maturity | [___] months to [___] months |
Weighted average original term to maturity | [___] months |
Range of remaining terms to maturity | [___] months to [___] months |
Weighted average remaining term to maturity | [___] months |
Range of original amortization term | [___] months to [___] months |
Weighted average original amortization term | [___] months |
Range of remaining amortization terms | [___] months to [___] months |
Weighted average remaining amortization term | [___] months |
Range of LTV Ratios | [___]% to [___]% |
Weighted average LTV Ratio | [___]% |
Range of LTV Ratios as of the maturity date | [___]% to [___]% |
Weighted average LTV Ratio as of the maturity date | [___]% |
Range of UW NCF DSCR | [___]x to [___]x |
Weighted average UW NCF DSCR | [___]x |
Range of UW NOI Debt Yield | |
Weighted average UW NOI Debt Yield | |
Percentage of Initial Pool Balance consisting of: | |
Interest Only-Balloon | [___]% |
Balloon | [___]% |
Interest Only | [___]% |
ARD-Interest Only | [___]% |
ARD-Interest Only-Balloon | [___]% |
ARD-Balloon | [___]% |
* | [THESE ARE REPRESENTATIVE CHARACTERISTICS THAT WILL VARY FROM DEAL TO DEAL] |
(1) | Subject to a permitted variance of plus or minus 5%. |
[#] | [Insert appropriate footnotes to identify material clarifications and explanations for the specific assets in the mortgage pool.] |
[#] | [In the case of the [__] mortgage loans, collectively representing approximately [__]% of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of mortgage loans as of the cut-off date, each of which has one or more pari passu companion loans [or a subordinate companion loan] that are not included in the issuing entity, the debt service coverage ratios, loan-to-value ratios and debt yield have been calculated including the related pari passu companion loans [but excluding any related subordinate companion loan].] |
[#] | Debt service coverage ratios are calculated using the average of the principal and interest payments for the first twelve payment periods of the mortgage loan following the cut-off date (but without regard to any leap year adjustments), provided that (i) in the case of a mortgage loan that provides for interest-only payments through maturity or its anticipated repayment date, as applicable, such items are calculated based on the interest payments scheduled to be due on the first due date following the cut-off date and the 11 due dates thereafter for such mortgage loan and (iii) in the case of a mortgage loan that provides for an initial interest-only period that ends prior to maturity or its anticipated repayment date, as applicable, and provides for scheduled amortization payments thereafter, such items are calculated based on the monthly payment of principal and interest payable immediately following the expiration of the interest-only period. |
The issuing entity will include [____] Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [___]% of the Initial Pool Balance, that represent the obligations of multiple borrowers that are liable on a joint and several basis for the repayment of the entire indebtedness evidenced by the related Mortgage Loan and/or represent separate obligations of each borrower that are cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted with each other.
See also "—Certain Calculations and Definitions" above for important general and specific information regarding the manner of calculation of the underwritten debt service coverage ratios and loan-to-value ratios. See also "—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans" below for important information relating to certain payment and other terms of the Mortgage Loans.
Property Types
The table below shows the property type concentrations of the Mortgaged Properties:
Property Type Distribution(1)
| | | | Number of Mortgaged Properties | | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance(1) | | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance |
Retail | | | | | | | | |
[Anchored] | | [___] | | [___] | | $[___] | | [___]% |
[Shadow Anchored] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Unanchored] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Single Tenant] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Outlet Center] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Regional Mall] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
Office | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[CBD] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Suburban] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Medical] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
Multifamily | | | | | | | | |
[Garden] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[High Rise] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Mid Rise] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Student Housing] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Senior Housing] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
Hotel Property | | | | | | | | |
[Full Service] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Limited-Service] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Select Service] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Extended Stay] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
Mixed Use | | | | | | | | |
[Retail/Office] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Retail/Parking] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
Other | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
Industrial | | | | | | | | |
[Warehouse/distribution] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Flex] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
Manufactured Housing | | | | | | | | |
Self-Storage | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
Total | | [___] | | [___] | | $[___] | | [___]% |
(1) | Because this table presents information relating to Mortgaged Properties and not Mortgage Loans, the information for Mortgage Loans secured by more than one Mortgaged Property is based on allocated loan amounts as set forth in Annex A-1. |
Retail Properties.
With respect to the retail properties[, mixed use properties and self-storage properties] with retail components set forth in the above chart:
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING OPERATING COVENANTS, IF APPROPRIATE] |
· | [ADD OTHER DISCLOSURES REGARDING THIS PROPERTY TYPE, IF APPROPRIATE] |
See "Risk Factors-Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Retail Properties Have Special Risks" and "—Specialty Use Concentrations" below and "Risk Factors-Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Some Mortgaged Properties May Not Be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses".
Office Properties.
With respect to the office properties set forth in the above chart [and mixed use properties] that include office tenants:
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING THIS PROPERTY TYPE, IF APPROPRIATE] |
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Retail Properties Have Special Risks" and "—Specialty Use Concentrations" below and "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Some Mortgaged Properties May Not Be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses".
Multifamily Properties.
With respect to the multifamily properties set forth in the above chart:
· | [______] Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as [_________], securing approximately [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount, have [ADD DISCLOSURES SPECIFICALLY RELATING TO TENANT TYPES (E.G. STUDENTS, MILITARY BASE PERSONNEL, EMPLOYEES OF A PARTICULAR INDUSTRY]. |
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING PROPERTIES THAT ARE SUBJECT TO: |
| 1. | RESTRICTIONS ON THE AGE OF TENANTS; |
| 2. | GOVERNMENTAL ASSISTANCE/RENT SUBSIDY PROGRAMS SUCH AS THE SECTION 8 TENANT-BASED ASSISTANCE RENTAL CERTIFICATE PROGRAM OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT OR A SIMILAR PROGRAM; |
| 3. | STATE AND LOCAL REGULATIONS, ORDINANCE OR AFFORDABLE HOUSING COVENANTS, WHICH MAY AFFECT THE BUILDING OWNER'S ABILITY TO INCREASE RENT TO MARKET RENT FOR AN EQUIVALENT APARTMENT OR MAY REQUIRE THE BUILDING OWNER TO RENT UNITS TO INDIVIDUALS MEETING LOW INCOME REQUIREMENTS; AND |
| 4. | ANY TAX CREDIT OR PILOT PROGRAM] |
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING PROPERTIES THAT ARE RESIDENTIAL COOPERATIVE BUILDINGS AND THE LENDER UNDER THE BUILDING ARE OWNED OR LEASED BY A NON-PROFIT RESIDENTIAL COOPERATIVE CORPORATION] |
· | [ADD OTHER DISCLOSURES REGARDING THIS PROPERTY TYPE, IF APPROPRIATE] |
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Multifamily Properties Have Special Risks".
Hotel Properties.
With respect to the hotel properties set forth in the above chart:
· | [[______] Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as [_________], securing approximately [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount, are flagged hotel properties that are |
affiliated with any franchise or hotel management company through a franchise or management agreement, and describe any material issues with respect to franchise agreement.]
The following table shows the breakdown of each Mortgaged Property associated with a hotel brand through a license, franchise agreement, operating agreement or management agreement.
| | Mortgage Loan Cut-off Date Balance | | Percentage (%) of the Initial Pool Balance by Allocated Loan Amount | | Expiration/Termination of Related License/ Franchise Agreement, Operating Agreement or Management Agreement | | Maturity Date of the related Mortgage Loan |
[___] | | $[___] | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
· | [[______] Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as [_________], securing approximately [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount, are not flagged hotel properties]; |
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING PROPERTIES THAT MAY DERIVE A SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF THE REVENUE FROM THE OPERATIONS OF ENTERTAINMENT COMPLEXES THAT INCLUDE RESTAURANTS, LOUNGES, NIGHTCLUBS AND/OR BANQUET AND MEETING SPACES] |
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING PROPERTIES WITH ANY LIQUOR LICENSING ISSUES] |
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING MORTGAGED PROPERTIES THAT ARE SUBJECT TO CERTAIN PIP AND OTHER RENOVATION AND REPLACEMENT REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE RELATED FRANCHISE AGREEMENT AND FRANCHISOR PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS] See "—Redevelopment, Renovation and Expansion" below.] |
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING ANY ISSUES WITH THE FRANCHISE AGREEMENT, LICENSES AND MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT, IF APPROPRIATE] |
· | [ADD OTHER DISCLOSURES REGARDING THIS PROPERTY TYPE, IF APPROPRIATE]] |
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Relating to Affiliation with a Franchise or Hotel Management Company" and "—Hotel Properties Have Special Risks" and "—Specialty Use Concentrations" below and "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Some Mortgaged Properties May Not Be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses".
Self-Storage Properties.
With respect to the self-storage properties set forth in the above chart:
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING THIS PROPERTY TYPE, IF APPROPRIATE] |
[[__] Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as [_____], representing [__]% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount derive a portion of the Underwritten Revenue from one or more of (a) rent derived from truck rentals located at the related Mortgaged Property, (b) rent derived from cell tower leases, (c) the leasing of certain parking spaces located at the related Mortgaged Properties for purposes of recreational vehicle and boat storage and/or (d) rent derived from commercial/retail tenants operating at the related Mortgaged Property.]
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Self-Storage Properties Have Special Risks".
Mixed Use Properties.
With respect to the mixed-use properties set forth in the above chart:
· | [Each of the mixed use Mortgaged Properties has one or more retail, office and/or multifamily components.] See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Retail Properties Have Special Risks", "—Office Properties Have Special Risks" and "—Multifamily Properties Have Special Risks", as applicable. |
· | [ADD OTHER DISCLOSURES REGARDING THIS PROPERTY TYPE, IF APPROPRIATE] |
Certain of the mixed use Mortgaged Properties may have specialty uses. See "—Specialty Use Concentrations" below.
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Some Mortgaged Properties May Not Be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses".
Industrial Properties.
With respect to the industrial properties set forth in the above chart:
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING COLD STORAGE FACILITIES] |
· | [ADD OTHER DISCLOSURES REGARDING THIS PROPERTY TYPE, IF APPROPRIATE] |
[[__] Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as [_____], representing [__]% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount derive a portion of the Underwritten Revenues from revenue from (a) rent derived from the leasing of office space at the Mortgaged Property and (b) rent derived from cell tower leases.]
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Industrial Properties Have Special Risks".
Manufactured Housing Community Properties.
With respect to the manufactured housing community set forth in the above chart:
· | [[___] [(__)] Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as [_________], securing approximately [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount, are recreational vehicle resorts or have a significant portion of the properties that are intended for short-term recreational vehicle hook-ups.] |
· | [DESCRIBE ANY PORTION OF MANUFACTURED HOUSING COMMUNITY PROPERTIES THAT ARE NOT PART OF THE COLLATERAL OR INCLUDED IN THE UNDERWRITING] |
· | [ADD OTHER DISCLOSURES REGARDING THIS PROPERTY TYPE, IF APPROPRIATE] |
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Manufactured Housing Community Properties Have Special Risks".
Specialty Use Concentrations.
Certain Mortgaged Properties have one of the 5 largest tenants that operates its space as a specialty use that may not allow the space to be readily converted to be suitable for another type of tenant, as set forth in the following table.
| | Number of Mortgaged Properties | | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance | | % of net rentable area at the related Mortgaged Property |
[Medical, dental, physical therapy or veterinary offices or clinics, outpatient facilities, research or diagnostic laboratories or health management services and/or health professional schools] | | [___] | | [___]% | | [___]% |
[Restaurant] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Parking garages/accounts] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Theater] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Gym, fitness center or a health club] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[Bank branch] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[School or educational facility a beauty and cosmetology school] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
[LIST OTHER SPECIALTY USE] | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
Total | | [___] | | [___]% | | [___]% |
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Some Mortgaged Properties May Not Be Readily Convertible to Alternative Uses".
Significant Mortgage Loans and Significant Obligors
[The Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as [_______], securing a Mortgage Loan that represents approximately [__]%, of the Initial Pool Balance, is a "significant obligor" as such term is used in Items 1101 and 1112 of Regulation AB with respect to this offering. See Annex A-1.]
[INCLUDE INFORMATION REQUIRED BY ITEM 1112(a) and (b) FOR EACH SIGNIFICANT OBLIGOR]
Mortgage Loan Concentrations
Top Ten Mortgage Loans or Groups of Cross-Collateralized Mortgage Loans
The following table shows certain information regarding the ten largest Mortgage Loans or groups of crossed loans by Cut-off Date Balance:
| | Mortgage Loan Cut-off Date Balance | | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance | | | | | | | | |
[____________] | | $[________] | | [____]% | | $[_______] | | [____]x | | [_____]% | | [______] |
[____________] | | $[________] | | [____]% | | $[_______] | | [____]x | | [_____]% | | [______] |
[____________] | | $[________] | | [____]% | | $[_______] | | [____]x | | [_____]% | | [______] |
[____________] | | $[________] | | [____]% | | $[_______] | | [____]x | | [_____]% | | [______] |
Top 3 Total/Weighted Average | | $[________] | | [____]% | | | | [____]x | | [_____]% | | |
Top 5 Total/Weighted Average | | $[________] | | [____]% | | | | [____]x | | [_____]% | | |
Top 10 Total/Weighted Average | | $[________] | | [____]% | | | | [____]x | | [_____]% | | |
(1) | In the case of each of the Mortgage Loans that is part of an AB Whole Loan, the calculation of the Loan per Unit, UW NCF DSCR and Cut-off Date LTV Ratio for each such Mortgage Loan is calculated based on the principal balance, debt service payment and Underwritten Net Cash Flow for the Mortgage Loan included in the issuing entity and the related Pari Passu Companion Loan in the aggregate, but excludes the principal balance and debt service payment of any related Subordinate Companion Loan. |
(2) | [ADD OTHER FOOTNOTES, IF APPROPRIATE] |
For more information regarding the ten largest Mortgage Loans and/or loan concentrations and related Mortgaged Properties, see the individual Mortgage Loan and portfolio descriptions under "Significant Loan Summaries" in Annex A-3. Other than with respect to the top ten Mortgage Loans identified in the table above, each of the other Mortgage Loans represents no more than [_____]% of the Initial Pool Balance.
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Concentrations Based on Property Type, Geography, Related Borrowers and Other Factors May Disproportionately Increase Losses".
Cross-Collateralized Mortgage Loans; Multi-Property Mortgage Loans and Related Borrower Mortgage Loans
The pool of Mortgage Loans will include [_____] Mortgage Loans, set forth in the table below entitled "Cross-Collateralized/Multi-Property Mortgage Loans", representing approximately [_____]% of the Initial Pool Balance, which are each secured by two or more properties. In some cases, however, the amount of the mortgage lien encumbering a particular property may be less than the full amount of indebtedness under the Mortgage Loan, generally to minimize recording tax. In such instances, the mortgage amount may equal a specified percentage (generally ranging from [_____]% to [_____]%, inclusive) of the appraised value or allocated loan amount for the particular Mortgaged Property. This would limit the extent to which proceeds from that property would be available to offset declines in value of the other Mortgaged Properties securing the same Mortgage Loan or group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans.
The table below shows each individual Mortgage Loan that is secured by two or more Mortgaged Properties and each group of cross-collateralized Mortgage Loans.
Cross-Collateralized/Multi-Property Mortgage Loans
Mortgage Loan/Property Portfolio Names | | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance | | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance |
[____________] | | $[________] | | [_______]% |
[____________] | | [________] | | [_______] |
[____________] | | [________] | | [_______] |
[____________] | | [________] | | [_______] |
[____________] | | [________] | | [_______] |
Total | | $[________] | | [_______]% |
[In some cases, an individual Mortgaged Property may be comprised of two or more parcels that may not be contiguous or may be owned by separate borrowers. For example, with respect to the Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified as [_________] on Annex A-1, representing approximately [_____]% of the Initial Pool Balance, the related Mortgaged Properties are comprised of more than one (1) parcel, which in some cases are owned by separate borrowers.]
[[______] groups of Mortgage Loans, set forth in the table below entitled "Related Borrower Loans", representing approximately [_____]% of the Initial Pool Balance, are not cross-collateralized but have borrower sponsors related to each other, but no group of Mortgage Loans having borrower sponsors that are related to each other represents more than approximately [___]% of the Initial Pool Balance. The following table shows each group of Mortgage Loans having borrowers that are related to each other. See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Concentrations Based on Property Type, Geography, Related Borrowers and Other Factors May Disproportionately Increase Losses" in addition to Annex A-1.]
Related Borrower Loans (Other than Cross-Collateralized Groups)
| | Aggregate Cut-off Date Principal Balance | | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance |
Group [___]: | | | | |
[______] | | $[______] | | [______]% |
[______] | | [______] | | [______] |
Total for Group [____]: | | $[______] | | [______]% |
Group [__]: | | | | |
[______] | | $[______] | | [______]% |
[______] | | [______] | | [______] |
Total for Group [__]: | | $[______] | | [______]% |
[ADD ADDITIONAL LOAN GROUPS]
Mortgage loans with related borrowers are identified under "Related Borrower Loans" on Annex A-1. See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Concentrations Based on Property Type, Geography, Related Borrowers and Other Factors May Disproportionately Increase Losses" in addition to Annex A-1 and the related footnotes.
Geographic Concentrations
This table shows the states that have concentrations of Mortgaged Properties that secure [___]% or more of the Initial Pool Balance:
Geographic Distribution(1)
| | Number of Mortgaged Properties | | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance | | % of Initial Pool Balance |
[___] | | [___] | | $[_____] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___] | | $[_____] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___] | | $[_____] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___] | | $[_____] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___] | | $[_____] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___] | | $[_____] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___] | | $[_____] | | [___]% |
[___] | | [___] | | $[_____] | | [___]% |
_____________________
(1) | Because this table presents information relating to Mortgaged Properties and not the Mortgage Loans, the information for any Mortgaged Property that is one of multiple Mortgaged Properties securing a particular Mortgage Loan is based on an allocated loan amount as stated in Annex A-2. |
(2) | [ADD APPROPRIATE FOOTNOTES] |
The remaining Mortgaged Properties are located throughout [_______] other states, with no more than [_____]% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount secured by Mortgaged Properties located in any such jurisdiction.
Certain Mortgaged Properties are located in the following geographic areas or the regions of the United States that are more susceptible to [an economic downturn, natural disasters or hazards, terrorist attacks or political crises]:
Mortgaged Properties securing approximately [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount, are located in [NAMES OF STATES], and may be more generally susceptible to floods or hurricanes than properties in other parts of the country.
Mortgaged Properties securing approximately [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount, are located in [_______] and are more susceptible to wildfires.
Mortgaged Properties securing approximately [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount, are located in areas that are considered a high earthquake risk (seismic zones 3 or 4), and seismic reports were prepared with respect to these Mortgaged Properties, and based on those reports, no Mortgaged Property has a seismic expected loss greater than [__]%.
[ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING ANY PROPERTIES LOCATED IN A US TERRITORY OR FOREIGN COUNTRY. [The unpaid principal balance, as of the Cut-off Date, of the loans secured by such properties will not be in excess of 10% of the Initial Pool Balance.]
[ADD ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURES REGARDING GEOGRAPHICAL CONCENTRATION, IF APPROPRIATE]
Mortgaged Properties With Limited Prior Operating History
[___] of the Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as [_____], representing approximately [___]% of the Initial Pool Balance, are each secured by Mortgaged Properties that were constructed or substantially renovated or in a lease-up period within the [12]-month period
preceding the Cut-off Date and have no or limited prior operating history and/or lack historical financial figures and information.
[___] of the Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties or portfolios of Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as [_____], representing approximately [___]% of the Initial Pool Balance, the Mortgaged Properties were acquired within the [12]-month period preceding the origination of the Mortgage Loan and underwriting was based on a limited prior operating history and limited historical financial figures and information.
[ADD ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURES REGARDING LIMITED PRIOR OPERATING HISTORY, IF APPROPRIATE.]
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Limited Information Causes Uncertainty".
Tenancies-in-Common
[___] [(__)] Mortgaged Properties identified as [_________] on Annex A-1, representing [__]% of the Initial Pool Balance, have one or more borrowers that own all or a portion of the related Mortgaged Property as tenants-in-common, and the respective tenants-in-common have agreed to a waiver of their rights of partition. See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Tenancies-in-Common May Hinder Recovery".
[ADD ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURES REGARDING TENANCIES-IN-COMMON, IF APPROPRIATE]
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—The Borrower's Form of Entity May Cause Special Risks" and "—Tenancies-in-Common May Hinder Recovery".
[Condominium Interests
[__] of the Mortgage Loans secured by Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as [_____] and [_____], representing approximately [__]% and [__]%, respectively, of the Initial Pool Balance, respectively, are secured, in certain cases, in part, by the related borrower's interest in one or more units in a condominium. [With respect to all such Mortgage Loans (other than as described below)], the borrower generally controls the appointment and voting of the condominium board or the condominium owners cannot take actions or cause the condominium association to take actions that would affect the borrower's unit without the borrower's consent.]
[ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING THE CONDOMINIUM DOCUMENTS, IF APPROPRIATE.]
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Condominium Ownership May Limit Use and Improvements".]
Fee & Leasehold Estates; Ground Leases
The table below shows the distribution of underlying interests encumbered by the mortgages related to the Mortgaged Properties:
Underlying Estate Distribution(1)
| | Number of Mortgaged Properties | | Aggregate Cut-off Date Balance | | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance |
Fee(2) | | [___] | | $[___] | | [___]% |
Leasehold | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
Fee/Leasehold(3) | | [___] | | [___] | | [___] |
Leased Fee | | | | | | |
Total | | [___] | | $[___] | | [___]% |
__________________
(1) | Because this table presents information relating to Mortgaged Properties and not Mortgage Loans, the information for Mortgage Loans secured by more than one Mortgaged Property is based on allocated loan amounts as set forth in Annex A-2. |
(2) | [For purposes of this prospectus, an encumbered interest will be characterized as a "fee interest" and not a leasehold interest if (i) the borrower has a fee interest in all or substantially all of the Mortgaged Property (provided that if the borrower has a leasehold interest in any portion of the Mortgaged Property, such portion is not, individually or in the aggregate, material to the use or operation of the Mortgaged Property), or (ii) the Mortgage Loan is secured by the borrower's leasehold interest in the Mortgaged Property as well as the borrower's (or other fee owner's) overlapping fee interest in the related Mortgaged Property.] |
(3) | The related Mortgages create a first lien on a combination of fee simple estates and leasehold estates in one or more commercial properties. |
In general, unless the related fee interest is also encumbered by the related Mortgage, each of the ground leases has a term that extends at least 20 years beyond the maturity date of the Mortgage Loan (taking into account all freely exercisable extension options) and, except as noted below or in the exceptions to representation no. [__] in Annex D-1 indicated on Annex D-2, contains customary mortgagee protection provisions, including notice and cure rights and the right to enter into a new lease with the applicable ground lessor in the event a ground lease is rejected or terminated.
Mortgage loans secured by ground leases present certain bankruptcy and foreclosure risks not present with Mortgage Loans secured by fee simple estates. See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Related to Ground Leases and Other Leasehold Interests" and "—Leased Fee Properties Have Special Risks", "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Foreclosure" and "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Bankruptcy Laws".
As regards ground leases, see representation No.[__] on Annex D-1 and the exceptions to that representation on Annex D-2.
Environmental Considerations
[An environmental report was prepared for each Mortgaged Property securing a Mortgage Loan no more than nine months prior to the Cut-off Date. See Annex A-1 for the date of the environmental report for each Mortgaged Property. The environmental reports were generally prepared pursuant to the American Society for Testing and Materials standard for a "Phase I" environmental site assessment (the "ESA"). In addition to the Phase I standards, some of the environmental reports will include additional research, such as limited sampling for asbestos-containing material, lead-based paint, radon or water damage with limited areas of potential or identified mold, depending on the property use and/or age. Additionally, as needed pursuant to American Society for Testing and Materials standards, supplemental "Phase II" site investigations have been completed for some Mortgaged Properties to further evaluate certain environmental issues, including certain recognized environmental conditions (each, a "REC"). A Phase II investigation generally consists of sampling and/or testing.]
[ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING MORTGAGED PROPERTIES WITH RESPECT TO WHICH THE RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS HAVE REVEALED MATERIAL ADVERSE CONDITIONS OR CIRCUMSTANCES AT A MORTGAGED PROPERTY:
· | THAT WERE REMEDIATED OR ABATED BEFORE THE ORIGINATION DATE OF THE RELATED MORTGAGE LOAN OR ARE ANTICIPATED TO BE REMEDIATED OR ABATED BEFORE THE CLOSING DATE; |
· | FOR WHICH AN OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE PLAN, ABATEMENT AS PART OF ROUTINE MAINTENANCE OR PERIODIC MONITORING OF THE MORTGAGED PROPERTY OR NEARBY PROPERTIES WILL BE IN PLACE OR RECOMMENDED; |
· | FOR WHICH AN ESCROW, GUARANTY OR LETTER OF CREDIT FOR THE REMEDIATION WILL HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED PURSUANT TO THE TERMS OF THE RELATED MORTGAGE LOAN; |
· | FOR WHICH AN ENVIRONMENTAL INSURANCE POLICY WILL HAVE BEEN OBTAINED FROM A THIRD PARTY INSURER; |
· | FOR WHICH THE PRINCIPAL OF THE BORROWER OR ANOTHER FINANCIALLY RESPONSIBLE PARTY WILL HAVE PROVIDED AN INDEMNITY OR WILL HAVE BEEN REQUIRED TO TAKE, OR WILL BE LIABLE FOR THE FAILURE TO TAKE, SUCH ACTIONS, IF ANY, WITH RESPECT TO SUCH MATTERS AS WILL HAVE BEEN REQUIRED BY THE APPLICABLE GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITY OR RECOMMENDED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS; |
· | FOR WHICH SUCH CONDITIONS OR CIRCUMSTANCES HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED FURTHER AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANT RECOMMENDED NO FURTHER ACTION OR REMEDIATION; |
· | AS TO WHICH THE BORROWER OR OTHER RESPONSIBLE PARTY WILL HAVE OBTAINED, OR WILL BE REQUIRED TO OBTAIN POST-CLOSING, A "NO FURTHER ACTION" LETTER OR OTHER EVIDENCE THAT GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES WOULD NOT BE REQUIRING FURTHER ACTION OR REMEDIATION; |
· | THAT WOULD REQUIRE SUBSTANTIAL CLEANUP, REMEDIAL ACTION OR OTHER EXTRAORDINARY RESPONSE UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS; |
· | AS TO WHICH THE RELATED BORROWER HAS OBTAINED ENVIRONMENTAL INSURANCE; OR |
· | FOR WHICH THE RELATED BORROWER WILL HAVE AGREED TO SEEK A "CASE CLOSED" OR SIMILAR STATUS FOR THE ISSUE FROM THE APPLICABLE GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY.] |
[ADD ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURES RELATING TO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES.]
Redevelopment, Renovation and Expansion
Certain of the Mortgaged Properties are properties which are currently undergoing or are expected to undergo redevelopment, renovation or expansion, including with respect to hotel properties, executing property improvement plans ("PIPs") required by the franchisors. Below are descriptions of certain of such Mortgaged Properties.
[INSERT ANY SPECIFIC DISCLOSURES RELATING TO THE MORTGAGED PROPERTIES WHICH ARE CURRENTLY UNDERGOING OR, IN THE FUTURE, ARE EXPECTED TO UNDERGO MATERIAL REDEVELOPMENT, RENOVATION OR EXPANSION, INCLUDING WITH RESPECT TO HOTEL PROPERTIES, PIPS REQUIRED BY THE FRANCHISORS.]
Certain risks related to redevelopment, renovation and expansion at a Mortgaged Property are described in "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Related to Redevelopment, Expansion and Renovation at Mortgaged Properties".
[Assessment of Property Value and Condition
[INSERT ANY SPECIFIC DISCLOSURES RELATING TO THE MORTGAGED PROPERTIES WITH ANY MATERIAL ISSUES NOTED IN THE APPRAISALS, ENGINEERING REPORTS AND ZONING AND SEISMIC REPORTS TO THE EXTENT NOT DISCLOSED UNDER "REDEVELOPMENT, RENOVATION AND EXPANSION" ABOVE.]
Litigation and Other Considerations
[INSERT ANY SPECIFIC LITIGATION ISSUES, CONDEMNATION PROCEEDINGS OR SIMILAR DISCLOSURES REGARDING THE MORTGAGED PROPERTIES, THE BORROWERS OR SPONSORS.]
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Litigation Regarding the Mortgaged Properties or Borrowers May Impair Your Distributions".
Loan Purpose; Default History, Bankruptcy Issues and Other Proceedings
· | [_____] of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance, were originated in connection with the borrower's acquisition of the related Mortgaged Property. |
· | [_____] of the Mortgage Loans, representing [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance, were originated in connection with the borrower's refinancing of a previous mortgage loan. [Insert a disclosure regarding a refinancing of any loan that was in default or in special servicing at the time of refinancing or subject to a discounted pay-offs or workout.] |
· | [[____] Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance, were modified due to previous delinquencies or impending delinquencies.] |
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING ANY CURRENT MATERIAL TENANT THAT IS OR WAS A PARTY TO BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS] |
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING ANY MATERIAL PRIOR BORROWER/SPONSOR/GUARANTOR THAT WAS A PARTY TO BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS, FORECLOSURE PROCEEDINGS, DEED-IN-LIEU OF FORECLOSURE TRANSACTIONS AND/OR MORTGAGE LOAN WORKOUTS] |
· | [ADD ANY OTHER MATERIAL MORTGAGE LOAN SPECIFIC BANKRUPTCY ISSUES OR PAYMENT OR NON-PAYMENT DEFAULT HISTORY OF THE BORROWER, GUARANTOR, SPONSOR OR ANY OTHER PARTY TO A MORTGAGE LOAN, IF APPROPRIATE.] |
Certain risks relating to bankruptcy proceedings are described in "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—A Bankruptcy Proceeding May Result in Losses and Delays in Realizing on the Mortgage Loans" and "—Litigation Regarding the Mortgaged Properties or Borrowers May Impair Your Distributions" and "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Bankruptcy Laws".
Tenant Issues
The Mortgaged Properties have tenant concentrations as set forth below:
· | [_____] of the Mortgaged Properties, securing in whole or in part [__] Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [__]% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount are leased to a single tenant. |
· | [_____] is a tenant at [__] of the mortgaged properties securing [_____] Mortgage Loans, representing in the aggregate approximately [__]% of the aggregate principal balance of the pool of Mortgage Loans as of the Cut-off Date by allocated loan amount. |
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING SINGLE TENANTS, IF APPROPRIATE]. |
See "—Lease Expirations and Terminations" below, "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks of Commercial and Multifamily Lending Generally", "—Performance of the Mortgage Loans
Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases—A Tenant Concentration May Result in Increased Losses" and "—Concentrations Based on Property Type, Geography, Related Borrowers and Other Factors May Disproportionately Increase Losses".
Lease Expirations and Terminations
Expirations.
Certain of the Mortgaged Properties are subject to tenant leases that expire before the maturity date of the related Mortgage Loan. For tenant lease expiration information in the form of a lease rollover chart relating to each of the top ten Mortgage Loans, see the related summaries attached as Annex A-3 to the prospectus. In addition, see Annex A-1 for tenant lease expiration dates for the five largest tenants (based on net rentable area leased) at each retail, office, mixed use and industrial Mortgaged Property. Even if none of the top five tenants at a particular Mortgaged Property have leases that expire before, or shortly after, the maturity of the related Mortgage Loan, there may still be a significant percentage of leases at a particular Mortgaged Property that expire in a single calendar year, a rolling 12-month period or prior to, or shortly after, the maturity of a Mortgage Loan. Furthermore, some of the Mortgaged Properties have significant leases or a significant concentration of leases that expire before, or shortly after, the maturity of the related Mortgage Loan. Identified below are certain material lease expirations or concentrations of lease expirations with respect to the Mortgaged Properties:
· | In certain cases, the lease of a single tenant, major tenant or anchor tenant at a multi-tenanted Mortgaged Property expires prior to the maturity date of the related Mortgage Loan. |
With respect to the Mortgage Loans secured, in whole or in part, by the Mortgaged Property identified in the table below, such Mortgaged Property is occupied by a single tenant under a lease which expires prior to, or in the same year of, the maturity or anticipated repayment date of the related Mortgage Loan.
| | % of the Initial Pool Balance by Allocated Loan Amount | | | | |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
· | With respect to the Mortgaged Properties shown in the table below, one or more leases representing 50% or greater of the net rentable square footage of the related Mortgaged Property (excluding Mortgaged Properties leased to a single tenant and set forth in the bullet above) expire in a single calendar year prior to, or the same year as, the maturity of the related Mortgage Loan. There may be other Mortgaged Properties as to which leases representing at least 50% or greater of the net rentable square footage of the related Mortgaged Property expire over several calendar years prior to maturity of the related Mortgage Loan. |
| | % of the Initial Pool Balance by Allocated Loan Amount | | | | Calendar Year of Expiration | | |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___] | | [___] |
· | In addition, with respect to certain other Mortgaged Properties, there are leases that represent in the aggregate a material portion (but less than 50%) of the net rentable square footage of the related Mortgaged Property that expire in a single calendar year prior to, or shortly after, the maturity of the related Mortgage Loan. |
[ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING OTHER TENANT LEASE EXPIRATION ISSUES, IF APPROPRIATE]
See Annex A-1 for tenant lease expiration dates for the five largest tenants (based on net rentable area leased) at each retail, office, mixed use and industrial Mortgaged Property.
Terminations.
In addition to termination options tied to certain triggers as described in "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases—Early Lease Termination Options May Reduce Cash Flow" that are common with respect to retail properties, certain tenant leases permit the related tenant to terminate its lease at any time. For example (with respect to the largest [15] Mortgage Loans and the largest five tenants at each Mortgaged Property):
[ADD DISCLOSURE RELATING TO UNILATERAL TERMINATION RIGHTS].
[Set forth below are certain government leases that individually represent more than [5]% of the base rent at the related Mortgaged Property and have these types of risks.]
| | Percent of Initial Pool Balance | | | | Percent of Net Rentable Area | | |
[________] | | [__]% | | [________] | | [__]% | | [__]% |
[________] | | [__]% | | [________] | | [__]% | | [__]% |
[________] | | [__]% | | [________] | | [__]% | | [__]% |
See Annex A-3 for more information on material termination options relating to the largest [15] Mortgage Loans.
Other. Tenants under certain leases included in the Underwritten Net Cash Flow, Underwritten NOI and/or Occupancy may not be in physical occupancy, may not have begun paying rent or may be in negotiation. For example, [with respect to single tenant properties or tenants that are one of the top five tenants by net rentable square footage at a Mortgaged Property or tenants individually or in the aggregate representing more than 25% of the net rentable area at the Mortgaged Property, certain of such tenants
have not taken possession or commenced paying rent as set forth below] [with respect to the largest [15] Mortgage Loans and the five largest tenants listed on Annex A-3]:
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING TENANTS OF THE MORTGAGED PROPERTIES THAT HAVE EXECUTED LEASES, BUT HAVE NOT YET TAKEN OCCUPANCY OR HAVE SIGNED A LETTER OF INTENT BUT NOT EXECUTED A LEASE WITH RESPECT TO THE RELATED SPACE.] |
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING TENANTS WHOSE LEASE TERMS ARE UNDER NEGOTIATION BUT NOT YET SIGNED.] |
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING TENANTS THAT ARE IN RENT ABATEMENT PERIODS.] |
· | [ADD OTHER DISCLOSURES REGARDING TENANT ISSUES, IF APPROPRIATE.] |
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Underwritten Net Cash Flow Could Be Based On Incorrect or Failed Assumptions".
See Annex A-3 for more information on other tenant matters relating to the largest [15] Mortgage Loans.
Purchase Options and Rights of First Refusal
Below are certain purchase options and rights of first refusal to purchase all or a portion of the Mortgaged Property with respect to certain of the Mortgaged Properties.
· | [INSERT ANY PURCHASE OPTIONS AND RIGHTS OF FIRST REFUSAL.] |
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Performance of the Mortgage Loans Will Be Highly Dependent on the Performance of Tenants and Tenant Leases—Leases That Are Not Subordinated to the Lien of the Mortgage or Do Not Contain Attornment Provisions May Have an Adverse Impact at Foreclosure".
[Credit Lease Loans]
[__] Mortgage Loans (the "Credit Lease Loans"), representing approximately [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance, are backed by lease obligations (a "Credit Lease") of a tenant (each, a "Tenant"). Each Credit Lease has a primary lease term (the "Primary Term") that expires on or after the maturity date of the related Credit Lease Loan. The Credit Lease Loans are scheduled to be repaid from scheduled
monthly rental payments ("Monthly Rental Payments") which are equal to or greater than the scheduled payment of all principal, interest and other amounts due each month on the related Credit Lease Loan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the borrowers remain liable for all obligations under the Credit Lease Loans (subject to the non-recourse provisions).
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the Credit Lease Loans:
| | | | Percentage Of Initial Pool Balance | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | % | | | | |
| | | | % | | | | |
| | | | % | | | | |
| | | | % | | | | |
| | | | % | | | | |
| | | | % | | | | |
| | | | % | | | | |
____________
(1) | The tenant may cancel the Credit Lease under certain circumstances in the event of a casualty or condemnation [(or, with respect to the [______] Mortgage Loan, condemnation only)] of the related Mortgaged Property without the payment of the outstanding principal amount of the related Credit Lease Loan plus all accrued interest. The related borrower has obtained an insurance policy to cover the occurrences of certain rent abatement or termination rights of the tenant. |
(2) | The borrower is responsible for structural repairs. Monthly reserves have been established and are taken from the tenant's lease payments to cover this obligation. |
[With respect to [__] Credit Lease Loans (identified as [__] and [__] on Annex A-1), representing approximately [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance, interest payments are due on the first day of each month and are calculated based upon a 30 day month and a 360 day year. Principal payments, per a schedule, are due on the first day of each calendar year. Those principal payments are scheduled to correspond with payments due under the related leases.]
Each mortgagor under a Credit Lease Loan has assigned to the mortgagee of the related Credit Lease Loan (each, a "Credit Lease Assignment"), as security for the mortgagor's obligations, the mortgagor's rights under the Credit Leases and its rights to all income and profits to be derived from the operation and leasing of the related property (each, a "Credit Lease Property"), including, but not limited to, an assignment of any guarantee of the Tenant's obligations under the Credit Lease and an assignment of the right to receive all Monthly Rental Payments and any other sums due under the Credit Leases.
Each Credit Lease generally provides that the related Tenant must pay all real property taxes and assessments levied or assessed against the related Credit Lease Property, all charges for utility services and other operating expenses incurred in connection with the operation of the related Credit Lease Property. Generally, each Credit Lease Loan provides that if the Tenant defaults beyond applicable notice and grace periods in the performance of any covenant or agreement of that Credit Lease (a "Credit Lease Default") and the related borrower defaults in its performance under that Credit Lease Loan, the mortgagee may exercise rights under the related Credit Lease Assignment to require the related mortgagor either (1) to terminate that Credit Lease or (2) not to terminate that Credit Lease and exercise any of its rights. A default under a Credit Lease will constitute a default under the related Credit Lease Loan.
While each Credit Lease requires the Tenant to fulfill its payment and maintenance obligations during the term of the Credit Lease, in some cases the Tenant has not covenanted to operate the related Credit Lease Property for the term of the Credit Lease, and the Tenant may at any time cease actual operations at the Credit Lease Property, but it remains obligated to continue to meet all of its obligations under the Credit Lease.
With respect to [__] Credit Lease Loans which are not secured by the assignment of a "bondable lease" (the "Lease Enhancement Policy Loans"), the lender is the beneficiary of a non-cancelable insurance policy (a "Lease Enhancement Policy") obtained to cover certain lease termination and rent abatement events arising out of a casualty or condemnation (or, with respect to [__] Mortgage Loan (the "[__________]"), representing approximately [__]% of the Initial Pool Balance, condemnation only) of the related Credit Lease Property. A "bondable lease" generally means that the related Tenant has no rights under the terms of the related Credit Lease to terminate the Credit Lease or abate rent due under the Credit Lease, including by reason of the occurrence of certain casualty and condemnation events or the failure of the related mortgagor, as lessor, to perform required maintenance, repairs or replacement, except that the Tenant may have the right to terminate the Credit Lease upon the happening of that kind of casualty or condemnation if the Tenant makes a termination payment which is not less than the then-outstanding principal amount of the related Credit Lease Loan plus all accrued interest. The following table sets forth certain information with respect to each Lease Enhancement Policy for the Lease Enhancement Policy Loans.
| | Lease Enhancement Policy Issuer | | Financial Strength Rating |
| | | | |
| | | | |
The Lease Enhancement Policies issued by the related insurer for the related Credit Lease are subject to certain limited exclusions and do not insure interest on the Lease Enhancement Policy Loans for a period of greater than [__] days past the date of the occurrence of a casualty or condemnation event. The Lease Enhancement Policies permit payment of a lump sum payment of all outstanding principal plus, subject to the limitation above, accrued interest in the event of a permitted termination by the related Tenant of its Credit Lease as a result of a casualty or condemnation. If the related Credit Lease permits the related Tenant to abate all or a portion of the rent in the event of a casualty or condemnation, that payment will be in an amount equal to the portion of any Monthly Rental Payments not made by the Tenant for the period from the date the abatement commences until the earlier of the date the abatement ceases or the expiration date of the initial term of the Credit Lease; provided that in the event those payments would exceed the limits of liability under the policy, then the issuer of the related Lease Enhancement Policy may, at its option, pay the present value of the stream of partial abatement payments in a lump sum. The insurers are also not required to pay amounts due under the related Lease Enhancement Policy Loan other than amounts equal to principal and, subject to the limitation above, accrued interest, and consequently, are not required to pay any amounts equal to prepayment premiums or yield maintenance charges due under the Lease Enhancement Policy or any amounts the related mortgagor is obligated to pay under the Lease Enhancement Policy to reimburse the master servicer or the trustee for outstanding Servicing Advances.
At the end of the term of the Credit Lease, the Tenant is generally obligated to surrender the Credit Lease Property in good order and in its original condition received by the Tenant, except for ordinary wear and tear and repairs required to be performed by the related borrower.
The mortgage loan seller's underwriting guidelines with respect to the Credit Lease Loans are described under "Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers—Bank of America's Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards".
Affiliated Leases
Certain of the Mortgaged Properties are leased in whole or in part by borrowers or borrower affiliates. Set forth below are examples of Mortgaged Properties or portfolios of Mortgaged Properties at which at least [___]% of (i) the gross income at the Mortgaged Property or portfolio of Mortgaged Properties relates to leases between the borrower and an affiliate of the borrower or (ii) the net rentable area at the Mortgaged Property or portfolio of Mortgaged Properties is leased to an affiliate of the borrower:
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES REGARDING ANY MORTGAGED PROPERTIES THAT ARE SUBJECT TO AFFILIATED LEASES.] |
· | [OTHER MORTGAGED PROPERTIES MAY HAVE TENANTS THAT ARE AFFILIATED WITH THE RELATED BORROWER BUT THOSE TENANTS DO NOT REPRESENT MORE THAN [___]% OF THE GROSS INCOME OR NET RENTABLE AREA OF THE RELATED MORTGAGED PROPERTY.] |
Insurance Considerations
The Mortgage Loans generally require that each Mortgaged Property be insured by a hazard insurance policy in an amount (subject to an approved deductible) at least equal to the lesser of the outstanding principal balance of the related Mortgage Loan and 100% of the replacement cost of the improvements located on the related Mortgaged Property, and if applicable, that the related hazard insurance policy contain appropriate endorsements or have been issued in an amount sufficient to avoid the application of co-insurance and not permit reduction in insurance proceeds for depreciation; provided
that, in the case of certain of the Mortgage Loans, the hazard insurance may be in such other amounts as was required by the related originators.
In general, the standard form of hazard insurance policy covers physical damage to, or destruction of, the improvements on the Mortgaged Property by fire, lightning, explosion, smoke, windstorm and hail, riot or strike and civil commotion, subject to the conditions and exclusions set forth in each policy. Each Mortgage Loan generally also requires the related borrower to maintain comprehensive general liability insurance against claims for personal and bodily injury, death or property damage occurring on, in or about the related Mortgaged Property in an amount generally equal to at least $[1,000,000]. Each Mortgage Loan generally further requires the related borrower to maintain business interruption insurance in an amount not less than approximately 100% of the gross rental income from the related Mortgaged Property for not less than [12] months. In general, the Mortgage Loans (including those secured by Mortgaged Properties located in California) do not require earthquake insurance. [_____] of the Mortgaged Properties, securing [______]% of the Initial Pool Balance, are located in areas that are considered a high earthquake risk. These areas include all or parts of the states of [___________].
In the case of [__] Mortgaged Properties which secure in whole or in part [__] Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [___]% of the Initial Pool Balance by allocated loan amount, the related borrowers maintain insurance under blanket policies.
Certain of the Mortgaged Properties may be insured by, or subject to self-insurance on the part of, a sole or significant tenant or the property manager as described below:
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as [__________], [__________] and [__________] representing approximately [___]% of the Initial Pool Balance, the related borrower may rely on the single tenant's insurance or self-insurance, so long as the single tenant's lease is in effect and no default has occurred under the lease and the tenant's insurance meets the requirements under the related loan documents. If the single tenant fails to provide acceptable insurance coverage, the borrower must obtain or provide supplemental coverage to meet the requirements under the loan documents. |
· | [List any other issues related to insurance maintained at any of the Mortgaged Properties.] |
Further, with respect to Mortgaged Properties that are part of condominium regimes, the insurance may be maintained by the condominium association rather than the related borrower. Many Mortgage Loans contain limitations on the obligation to obtain terrorism insurance. See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Terrorism Insurance May Not Be Available for All Mortgaged Properties".
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Associated with Blanket Insurance Policies or Self-Insurance".
Use Restrictions
Certain of the Mortgaged Properties are subject to restrictions that restrict the use of such Mortgaged Properties to its current use, place other use restrictions on such Mortgaged Property or limit the related borrower's ability to make changes to such Mortgaged Property.
· | [DESCRIBE ANY MORTGAGED PROPERTIES THAT ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON CURRENT USE.] |
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Related to Zoning Non-Compliance and Use Restrictions".
Appraised Value
In certain cases, appraisals may reflect both ["as-stabilized"]["as-hypothetical"] and "as-is" values. However, the Appraised Value reflected in this prospectus with respect to each Mortgaged Property reflects only the "as-is" value. The ["as-stabilized"]["as-hypothetical"] value may be based on certain assumptions, such as future construction completion, projected re-tenanting or increased tenant occupancies [INSERT DISCLOSURE REGARDING MATERIAL UNDERWRITING ASSUMPTIONS]. The table below shows the LTV and appraised value using ["as-stabilized"]["as-hypothetical"] values, as well as the corresponding LTV and appraised value using "as-is" values.
| | % of Initial Pool Balance | | Maturity Date LTV Ratio (["As-Stabilized"] ["As-Hypothetical"]) | | [["As-Stabilized"] ["As-Hypothetical"] Appraised Value] | | Maturity Date LTV Ratio ("As-Is") | | |
[__] | | [__]% | | [__]% | | $[__] | | [__]% | | $[__] |
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Appraisals May Not Reflect Current or Future Market Value of Each Property".
Non-Recourse Carveout Limitations
While the Mortgage Loans generally contain non-recourse carveouts for liabilities such as a result of fraud by the borrower, certain voluntary insolvency proceedings or other matters, certain of the Mortgage Loans may not contain such carveouts or contain limitations to such carveouts. In general, the liquidity and net worth of a non-recourse guarantor under a Mortgage Loan will be less, and may be materially less, than the outstanding principal amount of that Mortgage Loan. In addition, certain Mortgage Loans have additional limitations to the non-recourse carveouts. See Annex D-2 for additional information.
· | With respect to the Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as [________], representing approximately [___]% of the Initial Pool Balance, the related loan documents provide that the Mortgage Loan is not fully recourse to a separate non-recourse carveout guarantor for voluntary transfers of either the Mortgaged Property or equity interests in Mortgagor made in violation of the Mortgage Loan documents. In addition, the non-recourse carveout guarantor is not liable for recourse obligations for losses and damages sustained by reason of (i) breaches of the environmental covenants in the Mortgage Loan documents; or (ii) commission of intentional material physical waste at the Mortgaged Property. The liability of the non-recourse carveout guarantor is capped at $[_____]. |
· | [The non-recourse carveout provisions contained in certain of the Mortgage Loan documents may also limit the liability of the non-recourse carveout guarantor for certain monetary obligations or covenants related to the use and operation of the Mortgaged Property to the extent that there is sufficient cash flow generated by the Mortgaged Property and made available to the related borrower and/or non-recourse carveout guarantor to take or prevent such required action.] |
· | [LIST ANY OTHER ISSUES RELATING TO NON-RECOURSE CARVE-OUT LIMITATIONS] |
In addition, there may be impediments and/or difficulties in enforcing some or all of the non-recourse carveout liability obligations of individual guarantors depending on the domicile or citizenship of the guarantor.
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Mortgage Loans Are Non-Recourse and Are Not Insured or Guaranteed".
Real Estate and Other Tax Considerations
Below are descriptions of real estate tax matters relating to certain Mortgaged Properties. Certain risks relating to real estate taxes regarding the Mortgaged Properties or the borrowers are described in
· | [ADD DISCLOSURES RELATING TO ANY MORTGAGED PROPERTIES THAT ARE SUBJECT TO ANY TAX INCENTIVE OR ABATEMENT PROGRAM.] |
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Increases in Real Estate Taxes May Reduce Available Funds".
Delinquency Information
[As of the Cut-off Date, [none] of the Mortgage Loans will be 30 days or more delinquent and none of the Mortgage Loans have been 30 days or more delinquent since origination. A Mortgage Loan will be treated as [30] days delinquent if the scheduled payment for a due date is not received from the related borrower by the immediately following due date.] [The following table contains delinquency information regarding the Mortgage Loans:]
Delinquency Period (Days) | | | | Aggregate Cut-Off Date Balance of the Mortgage Loans | | |
0-30 | | | | | | |
31-60 | | | | | | |
61-90 | | | | | | |
91-120 | | | | | | |
Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans
Amortization of Principal
The Mortgage Loans provide for one or more of the following:
[____] Mortgage Loans (excluding interest-only and partial interest-only Mortgage Loans), representing approximately [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance, provide for payments of interest and principal and then have an expected Balloon Balance at the maturity date.
[____] Mortgage Loans, representing [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance, are interest-only for the entire term of the Mortgage Loans.
[____] Mortgage Loans, representing [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance, provide for payments of interest only for the first [____] to [____] months following the cut-off date and thereafter provide for regularly scheduled payments of interest and principal based on an amortization period longer than the remaining term of the related Mortgage Loan and therefore have an expected Balloon Balance at the related maturity date.
[____] Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance are fully amortizing.
Due Dates; Mortgage Rates; Calculations of Interest
Subject in some cases to a next business day convention, all of the Mortgage Loans have due dates upon which scheduled payments of principal, interest or both are required to be made by the related borrower under the related Mortgage Note (each such date, a "Due Date") that occur as described in the following table:
Overview of Due Dates
| | | | Aggregate Principal Balance of Mortgage Loans | | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Total: | | | | | | |
The Mortgage Loans have grace periods as set forth in the following table:
Overview of Grace Periods
| | | | Aggregate Principal Balance of Mortgage Loans | | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Total: | | | | | | |
As used in this prospectus, "grace period" is the number of days before a payment default is an event of default under the terms of each Mortgage Loan. See Annex A-1 for information on the number of days before late payment charges are due under the Mortgage Loans. The information on Annex A-1 regarding the number of days before a late payment charge is due is based on the express terms of the Mortgage Loans. Some jurisdictions may impose a statutorily longer period.
All of the Mortgage Loans are secured by first liens on fee simple and/or leasehold interests in the related Mortgaged Properties, subject to the permitted exceptions reflected in the related title insurance policy. All of the Mortgage Loans bear [fixed] [and/or floating rate] interest rates.
[______] of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [__]% of the Initial Pool Balance, accrue interest on the basis of the actual number of days in a month, assuming a 360-day year ("Actual/360 Basis"). [___] of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [__]% of the Initial Pool Balance, accrue interest on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of 12, 30-day months ("30/360 Basis").
ARD Loan
[_______] Mortgage Loan securing the portfolio of Mortgaged Properties identified as [_________] on Annex A-1 (the "ARD Loan"), representing approximately [___]% of the Initial Pool Balance, provides that, after a certain date (the "Anticipated Repayment Date"), if the related borrower has not prepaid the ARD Loan in full, any principal outstanding on that date will accrue interest at an increased interest rate (the "Revised Rate") rather than the stated Mortgage Rate (the "Initial Rate"). See Annex A-1 for the Anticipated Repayment Date and the Revised Rate for the ARD Loan.
After its Anticipated Repayment Date, the ARD Loan further requires that all cash flow available from the related Mortgaged Properties after payment of the monthly debt service payments required under the terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents and all escrows and property expenses required under the related Mortgage Loan documents be used to accelerate amortization of principal (without payment of any yield maintenance premium or prepayment charge) on the ARD Loan. While interest at the Initial Rate continues to accrue and be payable on a current basis on the ARD Loan after its Anticipated Repayment Date, the payment of Excess Interest, to the extent actually collected, will be deferred and will be required to be paid, only after the outstanding principal balance of the ARD Loan has been paid in full, at which time the Excess Interest will be paid to the holders of the Class [_____] certificates. See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks of Anticipated Repayment Date Loans".
Single Purpose Entity Covenants
[ADD DISCLOSURE REGARDING MORTGAGE LOANS WITH PRINCIPAL BALANCES LESS THAN $[_________], FOR WHICH THERE IS NO INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR, MANAGER OR TRUSTEE IN PLACE WITH RESPECT TO THE RELATED BORROWER.]
[ADD DISCLOSURE REGARDING THE TERMS OF THE BORROWERS' ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS OR THE TERMS OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS THAT DO NOT LIMIT THE BORROWERS' ACTIVITIES TO THE OWNERSHIP OF ONLY THE RELATED MORTGAGED PROPERTIES AND RELATED ACTIVITIES, OR DO NOT LIMIT THE BORROWERS' ABILITY TO INCUR ADDITIONAL INDEBTEDNESS, OTHER THAN CERTAIN TRADE DEBT, EQUIPMENT FINANCING AND OTHER UNSECURED DEBT RELATING TO PROPERTY OPERATIONS, AND OTHER THAN SUBORDINATED OR UNSECURED DEBT PERMITTED UNDER THE MORTGAGE LOAN DOCUMENTS.] See "—Additional Indebtedness" below.
See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans—Bankruptcy Laws".
Prepayment Protections and Certain Involuntary Prepayments
[All] of the Mortgage Loans have a degree of voluntary prepayment protection in the form of defeasance or prepayment lockout provisions and/or yield maintenance provisions. Voluntary prepayments, if permitted, generally require the payment of a yield maintenance charge or a prepayment premium unless the Mortgage Loan (or Whole Loan, if applicable) is prepaid within a specified period (ranging from approximately [_] to [__] payments) up to and including the stated maturity date. See Annex A-1 and Annex A-2 for more information on the prepayment protections attributable to the Mortgage Loans on a loan-by-loan basis and a pool basis.
[INSERT DISCLOSURES REGARDING MANDATORY PREPAYMENT PROVISIONS OTHER THAN CUSTOMARY CASUALTY OR CONDEMNATION PROVISIONS.]
Additionally, certain Mortgage Loans may provide that in the event of the exercise of a purchase option by a tenant or the sale of real property or the release of a portion of the Mortgaged Property, that the related Mortgage Loans may be prepaid in part prior to the expiration of a prepayment/defeasance lockout provision. See "—Partial Releases" below.
Generally, no yield maintenance charge will be required for prepayments in connection with a casualty or condemnation, unless, in the case of most of the Mortgage Loans, an event of default has occurred and is continuing. See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Relating to Enforceability of Yield Maintenance Charges, Prepayment Premiums or Defeasance Provisions" in the prospectus. In addition, certain of the Mortgage Loans permit the related borrower, after a total or partial casualty or partial condemnation, to prepay the remaining principal balance of the Mortgage Loan (after application of the related insurance proceeds or condemnation award to pay the principal balance of the Mortgage Loan), which may not be accompanied by any prepayment consideration.
Certain of the Mortgage Loans are secured in part by letters of credit and/or cash reserves that in each such case:
· | will be released to the related borrower upon satisfaction by the related borrower of certain performance related conditions, which may include, in some cases, meeting debt service coverage ratio levels and/or satisfying leasing conditions; and |
· | if not so released, may, at the discretion of the lender, prior to loan maturity (or earlier loan default or loan acceleration), be drawn on and/or applied to prepay the subject Mortgage Loan if such performance related conditions are not satisfied within specified time periods. |
See Annex A-1 and A-3 for more information on reserves relating to the largest [10] Mortgage Loans.
Voluntary Prepayments.
[_____] of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [___] % of the Initial Pool Balance, permit the related borrower, after a lockout period of [__] to [__] payments following the origination date, to prepay the Mortgage Loan with the payment of the greater of a yield maintenance charge and a prepayment premium of [__]% of the prepaid amount if such prepayment occurs prior to the related open prepayment period.
[INSERT DISCLOSURES REGARDING VOLUNTARY PREPAYMENTS PROVISIONS, IF APPROPRIATE]
The Mortgage Loans generally permit voluntary prepayment without payment of a yield maintenance charge or any prepayment premium during a limited "open period" immediately prior to and including the stated maturity date, as follows:
Prepayment Open Periods
| | | | % of Initial Pool Balance |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
Total | | | | 100.0% |
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Relating to Enforceability of Yield Maintenance Charges, Prepayment Premiums or Defeasance Provisions".
"Due-On-Sale" and "Due-On-Encumbrance" Provisions
The Mortgage Loans generally contain "due-on-sale" and "due-on-encumbrance" clauses, which in each case permits the holder of the Mortgage Loan to accelerate the maturity of the related Mortgage Loan if the related borrower sells or otherwise transfers or encumbers (subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Mortgage Loan documents) the related Mortgaged Property or a controlling interest in the borrower without the consent of the mortgagee (which, in some cases, may not be unreasonably withheld). Many of the Mortgage Loans place certain restrictions (subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Mortgage Loan documents) on the transfer and/or pledging of general partnership and managing member equity interests in a borrower such as specific percentage or control limitations. The terms of the mortgages generally permit, subject to certain limitations, affiliate, estate planning and family transfers, transfers at death, transfers of interest in a public company, the transfer or pledge of less than a controlling portion of the partnership, members' or other equity interests in a borrower, the transfer or pledge of passive equity interests in a borrower (such as limited partnership interests and non-managing member interests in a limited liability company) and transfers to persons satisfying qualification criteria set forth in the related loan documents. Certain of the Mortgage Loans do not restrict the pledging of direct or indirect ownership interests in the related borrower, but do restrict the transfer of ownership interests in the related borrower by imposing a specific percentage, a control limitation or requiring the consent of the mortgagee to any such transfer. Generally, the Mortgage Loans do not prohibit transfers of non-controlling interests so long as no change of control results or, with respect to Mortgage Loans to tenant-in-common borrowers, transfers to new tenant-in-common borrowers. Certain of the Mortgage Loans do not prohibit the pledge by direct or indirect owners of the related borrower of equity distributions that may be made from time to time by the borrower to its equity owners.
Additionally, certain of the Mortgage Loans provide that transfers of the Mortgaged Property are permitted if certain conditions are satisfied, which may include one or more of the following:
· | no event of default has occurred; |
· | the proposed transferee is creditworthy and has sufficient experience in the ownership and management of properties similar to the Mortgaged Property; |
· | a Rating Agency Confirmation has been obtained from each of the Rating Agencies; |
· | the transferee has executed and delivered an assumption agreement evidencing its agreement to abide by the terms of the Mortgage Loan together with legal opinions and title insurance endorsements; and |
· | the assumption fee has been received (which assumption fee will be paid as described under "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses", but will in no event be paid to the Certificateholders); however, certain of the Mortgage Loans allow the borrower to sell or otherwise transfer the related Mortgaged Property a limited number of times without paying an assumption fee. |
Transfers resulting from the foreclosure of a pledge of the collateral for a mezzanine loan (if any) will also result in a permitted transfer. See "—Additional Indebtedness" below.
Defeasance; Collateral Substitution
The terms of [___] of the Mortgage Loans (the "Defeasance Loans"), representing approximately [__]% of the Initial Pool Balance, permit the applicable borrower at any time (provided no event of default exists) after a specified period (the "Defeasance Lock-Out Period") to obtain a release of a Mortgaged Property from the lien of the related Mortgage (a "Defeasance Option") in connection with a defeasance. With respect to all of the Defeasance Loans, the Defeasance Lock-Out Period ends at least two years after the Closing Date.
Exercise of a Defeasance Option is also generally conditioned on, among other things, (a) the borrower providing the mortgagee with at least 30 days prior written notice of the date on which such defeasance will occur (such date, the "Release Date"), and (b) the borrower (A) paying on any Release Date (i) all accrued and unpaid interest on the principal balance of the Mortgage Loan (or, the related Whole Loan) up to and including the Release Date, (ii) all other sums (excluding scheduled interest or principal payments due following the Release Date), due under the Mortgage Loan (or Whole Loan, if applicable) and under all other loan documents executed in connection with the Defeasance Option, (iii) an amount (the "Defeasance Deposit") that will be sufficient to (x) purchase non-callable obligations of, or backed by the full faith and credit of, the United States of America or, in certain cases, other "government securities" (within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and otherwise satisfying REMIC requirements for defeasance collateral), that provide payments (1) on or prior to, but as close as possible to, all successive scheduled due dates occurring during the period from the Release Date to the related maturity date (or to the first day of the open period for such Mortgage Loan) (or Whole Loan, if applicable) and (2) in amounts equal to the scheduled payments due on such due dates under the Mortgage Loan (or Whole Loan, if applicable), or under the defeased portion of the Mortgage Loan (or Whole Loan, if applicable) in the case of a partial defeasance, including in the case of a Mortgage Loan with a balloon payment due at maturity or anticipated repayment date, the balloon payment, and (y) pay any costs and expenses incurred in connection with the purchase of such government securities, and (B) delivering a security agreement granting the issuing entity a first priority lien on the Defeasance Deposit and, in certain cases, the government securities purchased with the Defeasance Deposit and an opinion of counsel to such effect.
For additional information on Mortgage Loans that permit partial defeasance, see "—Partial Releases" below.
In general, if consistent with the related loan documents, a successor borrower established, designated or approved by the master servicer will assume the obligations of the related borrower exercising a Defeasance Option and the borrower will be relieved of its obligations under the Mortgage Loan. If a Mortgage Loan (or Whole Loan, if applicable) is partially defeased, if consistent with the related loan documents, generally the related promissory note will be split and only the defeased portion of the borrower's obligations will be transferred to the successor borrower.
[Partial Releases]
The Mortgage Loans described below permit the release of one or more of the Mortgaged Properties or a portion of a single Mortgaged Property in connection with a partial defeasance, a partial prepayment, a partial substitution, or for no consideration in the case of parcels that are vacant, non-income producing or were not taken into account in the underwriting of the Mortgage Loan, subject to the satisfaction of certain specified conditions, including the REMIC requirements. Additionally, certain Mortgage Loans permit the addition of real property to the Mortgage Loan collateral.
[ADD DISCLOSURES WITH RESPECT TO A PARTIAL DEFEASANCE, A PARTIAL PREPAYMENT, A PARTIAL SUBSTITUTION OR ADDITIONAL COLLATERAL, IF APPROPRIATE.]
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Relating to Enforceability of Yield Maintenance Charges, Prepayment Premiums or Defeasance Provisions".]
Escrows
[_____] of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [__]% of the Initial Pool Balance, provide for monthly or upfront escrows to cover property taxes on the Mortgaged Properties.
[_____] of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [__]% of the Initial Pool Balance, provide for monthly or upfront escrows to cover insurance premiums on the Mortgaged Properties.
[_____] of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [__]% of the Initial Pool Balance, provide for monthly or upfront escrows to cover ongoing replacements and capital repairs.
[_____] of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [__]% of the Initial Pool Balance, provide for monthly or upfront escrows to cover planned capital expenditures or franchise-mandated property improvement plans.
[_____] of the Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [__]% of the Initial Pool Balance, are secured by office, retail, industrial and mixed use properties, provide for upfront or monthly escrows (or credit) for the full term or a portion of the term of the related Mortgage Loan to cover anticipated re-leasing costs, including tenant improvements and leasing commissions or other lease termination or occupancy issues. Such escrows are typically considered for office, retail, industrial and mixed use properties only.
Certain of the Mortgage Loans described above permit the related borrower to post a letter of credit in lieu of maintaining cash reserves. In addition, in certain cases, the related borrower may not be required to maintain the escrows described above until the occurrence of a specified trigger.
Many of the Mortgage Loans provide for other escrows and reserves, including, in certain cases, reserves for debt service, operating expenses, vacancies at the related Mortgaged Property and other
shortfalls or reserves to be released under circumstances described in the related Mortgage Loan documents.
Mortgaged Property Accounts
Lockbox Accounts. The Mortgage Loans documents prescribe the manner in which the related borrowers are permitted to collect rents from tenants at each Mortgaged Property. The following table sets forth the account mechanics prescribed for the Mortgage Loans:
Lockbox Account Types
| | | | Aggregate Principal Balance of Mortgage Loans | | Approx. % of Initial Pool Balance |
Hard Lockbox | | | | | | |
Soft Lockbox | | | | | | |
Soft Springing Lockbox | | | | | | |
Springing Lockbox | | | | | | |
None | | | | | | |
Total: | | | | | | |
Except as set forth in the table above [and where noted below], the borrower is entitled to receive a disbursement of all cash remaining in the lockbox account after required payment for debt service, agent fees, required reserves, and operating expenses, the agreements governing the lockbox accounts provide that the borrower has no withdrawal or transfer rights with respect to the related lockbox account. The lockbox accounts will not be assets of the issuing entity.
[Delaware Statutory Trusts]
With respect to the Mortgage Loan identified on Annex A-1 as [________], representing [___]% of the Initial Pool Balance, the related borrower is a Delaware statutory trust. A Delaware statutory trust is restricted in its ability to actively operate a property. Accordingly, the related borrower has master leased the property to a newly formed, single-purpose entity that is wholly owned by the same entity that owns the signatory trustee for the related borrower. The master lease has been collaterally assigned to the lender and has been subordinated to the related Mortgage Loan documents. In the case of a Mortgaged Property that is owned by a Delaware statutory trust, there is a risk that obtaining the consent of the holders of the beneficial interests in the Delaware statutory trust will be time consuming and cause delays with respect to the taking of certain actions by or on behalf of the borrower, including with respect to the related Mortgaged Property.]
[Shari'ah Compliant Loan]
The Mortgage Loan identified on Annex A-1 as [_____], representing [__]% of the Initial Pool Balance, was structured as a Shari'ah compliant loan. See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Risks Relating to Shari'ah Compliant Loans".
The purpose of Shari'ah compliant lending structures is to provide financing to those that follow the Islamic faith and want to comply with Shari'ah laws. Although there are many requirements under Shari'ah laws that affect lending, the rule most affecting the standard loan structure is that Shari'ah laws prohibit transaction involving the payment of interest. This is based on the Shari'ah principle that it is unacceptable, in and of itself, for money to increase in value merely by being lent to another person. To accommodate the prohibition on interest, the structure is generally set up so that, although the Shari'ah compliant party is paying the amount that the lender would expect to receive as principal and interest payments, the payments themselves are characterized as rent. This is accomplished through the use of a non-compliant party that receives a traditional loan, and leases the property to the Shari'ah compliant party using a master lease (with the Shari'ah compliant party having an option to purchase at the end of the term of the Mortgage Loan).
[DESCRIBE APPLICABLE PROVISIONS]]
Exceptions to Underwriting Guidelines
As described under "Transaction Parties—The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers—Exceptions to Bank of America's Disclosed Underwriting Guidelines", [__] Mortgage Loan, representing approximately [__]% of the Initial Pool Balance, was originated by a [___________] with exceptions to the underwriting guidelines with respect to [__________]. [DISCLOSURE TO BE INCLUDED TO DESCRIBE HOW THE APPLICABLE LOANS, IF ANY, DEVIATE FROM THE DISCLOSED UNDERWRITING CRITERIA, INCLUDING THE NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF LOANS WITH SUCH EXCEPTIONS. DISCLOSURE TO BE INCLUDED TO DESCRIBE WHICH ENTITY OR ENTITIES DETERMINED THAT THOSE LOANS SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE POOL, DESPITE NOT HAVING MET THE DISCLOSED UNDERWRITING CRITERIA, AND WHAT FACTORS WERE USED TO MAKE THE DETERMINATION, SUCH AS COMPENSATING FACTORS OR A DETERMINATION THAT THE EXCEPTION WAS NOT MATERIAL. IF COMPENSATING OR OTHER FACTORS WERE USED, DATA ON THE AMOUNT OF LOANS IN THE POOL THAT ARE REPRESENTED AS MEETING EACH SUCH FACTOR AND THE AMOUNT OF LOANS THAT DO NOT MEET THOSE FACTORS WILL BE PROVIDED. IF MULTIPLE ENTITIES ARE INVOLVED IN THE DECISION TO INCLUDE ASSETS DESPITE NOT HAVING MET THE DISCLOSED UNDERWRITING CRITERIA, THIS WILL BE DESCRIBED AND THE IDENTITY OF EACH PARTICIPATING ENTITY WILL BE DISCLOSED.]
Additional Indebtedness
General
The Mortgage Loans generally prohibit borrowers from incurring any additional debt secured by their Mortgaged Property without the consent of the lender. However:
· | substantially all of the Mortgage Loans permit the related borrower to incur limited indebtedness in the ordinary course of business that is not secured by the related Mortgaged Property; |
· | the borrowers under certain of the Mortgage Loans have incurred and/or may incur in the future unsecured debt other than in the ordinary course of business; |
· | any borrower that is not required pursuant to the terms of the applicable Mortgage Loan documents to meet single purpose entity criteria may not be restricted from incurring unsecured debt or mezzanine debt; |
· | the terms of certain Mortgage Loans permit the borrowers to post letters of credit and/or surety bonds for the benefit of the mortgagee under the Mortgage Loans, which may constitute a contingent reimbursement obligation of the related borrower or an affiliate. The issuing bank or surety will not typically agree to subordination and standstill protection benefiting the mortgagee; |
· | although the Mortgage Loans generally place certain restrictions on incurring mezzanine debt by the pledging of general partnership and managing member equity interests in a borrower, such as specific percentage or control limitations, the terms of the Mortgage Loan documents generally permit, subject to certain limitations, the pledge of the limited partnership or non-managing membership equity interests in a borrower or less than a controlling interest of any other equity interests in a borrower; and |
· | certain of the Mortgage Loans do not restrict the pledging of ownership interests in the borrower, but do restrict the transfer of ownership interests in a borrower by imposing limitations on transfer of control or a specific percentage of ownership interests. |
Whole Loans
Certain Mortgage Loans are subject to the rights of a related Companion Loan holder, as further described in "—The Whole Loans" below.
Although the Mortgage Loans generally place certain restrictions on incurring mezzanine debt by the pledging of general partnership and managing member equity interests in a borrower, such as specific percentage or control limitations, the terms of the Mortgages generally permit, subject to certain limitations, the pledge of less than a controlling portion of the limited partnership or non-managing membership equity interests in a borrower. Certain Mortgage Loans described below permit the incurrence of mezzanine debt subject to satisfaction of certain conditions including a certain maximum combined loan-to-value ratio and/or a minimum combined debt service coverage ratio, and in some cases mezzanine debt is already in place. Also, certain of the Mortgage Loans do not restrict the pledging of ownership interests in the related borrower, but do restrict the transfer of ownership interests in a borrower by imposing limitations on transfer of control or a specific percentage of ownership interests. In addition, in general, a borrower (or its direct or indirect owners) that does not meet single-purpose entity criteria may not be restricted in any way from incurring mezzanine debt.
As of the Cut-off Date, each sponsor has informed us that it is aware of the following existing mezzanine indebtedness with respect to the Mortgage Loans it is selling to the depositor:
| | Mortgage Loan Cut-off Date Balance | | Mezzanine Debt Cut-off Date Balance | | Companion Loan Cut-off Date Balance | | Cut-off Date Total Debt Balance | | Cut-off Date Wtd. Avg. Total Debt Interest Rate(1) | | Cut-off Date Mortgage Loan LTV Ratio(2) | | Cut-off Date Total Debt LTV Ratio(1) | | Cut-off Date Mortgage Loan Underwritten NCF DSCR(2) | | Cut-off Date Total Debt Underwritten NCF DSCR(1) |
[___] | | $[___] | | $[___] | | $[___] | | $[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___]x | | [___]x |
[___] | | $[___] | | $[___] | | $[___] | | $[___] | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___]% | | [___]x | | [___]x |
_________________
(1) | [Calculated including the mezzanine debt and [any related Companion Loan (including any related Subordinate Companion Loan)] |
(2) | [Calculated including any related Pari Passu Companion Loan (but without regard to any Subordinate Companion Loan)] |
[INSERT OTHER APPROPRIATE FOOTNOTES]
[In each case, the mezzanine indebtedness is coterminous with the related Mortgage Loan.]
Each of the mezzanine loans related to the Mortgage Loans identified in the table above secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as [_____], representing approximately [___]% of the Initial Pool Balance, is subject to an intercreditor agreement between the holder of the related mezzanine loan and the related lender under the related Mortgage Loan that, in each case, sets forth the relative priorities between the related Mortgage Loan and the related mezzanine loan. Each intercreditor agreement provides, among other things, generally that (a) all payments due under the related mezzanine loan are subordinate after an event of default under the related Mortgage Loan to any and all payments required to be made under the related Mortgage Loan (except for any payments from funds other than the mortgaged property or proceeds of any enforcement upon the mezzanine loan collateral and any mezzanine loan guarantees), (b) so long as there is no event of default under the related Mortgage Loan, the related mezzanine lender may accept payments on and prepayments of the related mezzanine loan; provided, however, that prepayment of the mezzanine loan is not permitted prior to the prepayment in full of the related Mortgage Loan, (c) the related mezzanine lender will have certain rights to receive notice of and cure defaults under the related Mortgage Loan prior to any acceleration or enforcement of the related Mortgage Loan, (d) the related mezzanine lender may amend or modify the related mezzanine loan in certain respects without the consent of the related mortgage lender, and the mortgage lender must obtain the mezzanine lender's consent to amend or modify the Mortgage Loan in certain respects, (e) upon the occurrence of an event of default under the related mezzanine loan documents, the related mezzanine lender may foreclose upon the membership interests in the related Mortgage Loan borrower, which could result in a change of control with respect to the related Mortgage Loan borrower and a change in the management of the related Mortgaged Properties, (f) if the related Mortgage Loan is accelerated or, in some cases, becomes specially serviced or if a monetary or material non-monetary default occurs and continues for a specified period of time under the related Mortgage Loan or if the Mortgage Loan borrower becomes a debtor in a bankruptcy or if the related Mortgage Loan
lender exercises any enforcement action under the related Mortgage Loan documents with respect to the related Mortgage Loan borrower or the related Mortgaged Properties, the related mezzanine lender has the right to purchase the related Mortgage Loan, in whole but not in part, for a price generally equal to the outstanding principal balance of the related Mortgage Loan, together with all accrued interest and other amounts due thereon, plus any advances made by the related Mortgage Loan lender or its servicer and any interest thereon plus, subject to certain limitations, any Liquidation Fees and Special Servicing Fees payable under the PSA, but generally excluding any late charges, default interest, exit fees, special maintenance charges payable in connection with a prepayment or yield maintenance charges and prepayment premiums and (g) an event of default under the related Mortgage Loan will trigger an event of default under the mezzanine loan.
The Mortgage Loans generally place certain restrictions on the transfer and/or pledging of general partnership and managing member equity interests in a borrower such as specific percentage or control limitations as described under "—Certain Terms of the Mortgage Loans—Due-On-Sale" and "Due-On-Encumbrance" Provisions" below. Certain of the Mortgage Loans do not prohibit the pledge by direct or indirect owners of the related borrower of equity distributions that may be made from time to time by the borrower to its equity owners.
With respect to the Mortgage Loans listed in the following chart, the direct and indirect equity owners of the borrower are permitted to incur future mezzanine debt, subject to the satisfaction of conditions contained in the related loan documents, including, among other things, a combined maximum loan-to-value ratio, a combined minimum debt service coverage ratio and/or a combined minimum debt yield, as listed in the following chart and determined in accordance with the related loan documents:
| | Mortgage Loan Cut-off Date Balance | | Combined Maximum LTV Ratio | | | | Combined Minimum Debt Yield | | Intercreditor Agreement Required |
[___](1) | | $[___] | | [___]% | | [___]x | | [___]% | | [___] |
[___] | | $[___] | | [___]% | | [___]x | | [___]% | | [___] |
[___] | | $[___] | | [___]% | | [___]x | | [___]% | | [___] |
[___] | | $[___] | | [___]% | | [___]x | | [___]% | | [___] |
[___] | | $[___] | | [___]% | | [___]x | | [___]% | | [___] |
[___] | | $[___] | | [___]% | | [___]x | | [___]% | | [___] |
[___] | | $[___] | | [___]% | | [___]x | | [___]% | | [___] |
[___] | | $[___] | | [___]% | | [___]x | | [___]% | | [___] |
(1) | [DESCRIBE WHEN FUTURE MEZZANINE DEBT OR PREFERRED EQUITY IS PERMITTED AND OTHER APPLICABLE FOOTNOTES] |
The specific rights of the related mezzanine lender with respect to any such future mezzanine loan will be specified in the related intercreditor agreement and may include rights substantially similar to the cure and repurchase rights described above. [Other than the Mortgage Loan identified as "[______]"on Annex A-1,
representing approximately [___
]% of the Initial Pool Balance
,] the intercreditor required to be entered into in connection with any future mezzanine loan will be subject to receipt of a Rating Agency Confirmation. The direct and/or indirect owners of a borrower under a Mortgage Loan are also generally permitted to pledge their interest in such borrower as security for a mezzanine loan in circumstances where the ultimate transfer of such interest to the mezzanine lender would be a permitted transfer under the related Mortgage Loan documents.
Generally, upon a default under a mezzanine loan, subject to the terms of any applicable intercreditor or subordination agreement, the holder of the mezzanine loan would be entitled to foreclose upon the equity in the related borrower, which has been pledged to secure payment of such debt. Although this transfer of equity may not trigger the due on sale clause under the related Mortgage Loan, it could cause a change in control of the borrower and/or cause the obligor under the mezzanine loan to file for bankruptcy, which could negatively affect the operation of the related Mortgaged Property and the related borrower's ability to make payments on the related Mortgage Loan in a timely manner.
[INSERT ANY LOAN SPECIFIC DISCLOSURES, IF APPROPRIATE]
See "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Other Financings or Ability to Incur Other Indebtedness Entails Risk".
Preferred Equity
[ADD DISCLOSURE REGARDING MORTGAGE LOANS THAT HAVE OR PERMIT "PREFERRED EQUITY" STRUCTURES, WHERE A SPECIAL LIMITED PARTNER OR MEMBER RECEIVES A PREFERRED RETURN IN EXCHANGE FOR AN INFUSION OF CAPITAL]
Because preferred equity often provides for a higher rate of return to be paid to the holders of such preferred equity, preferred equity in some respects functions like mezzanine indebtedness, and reduces a principal's economic stake in the related Mortgaged Property, reduces cash flow on the borrower's Mortgaged Property after the payment of debt service and payments on the preferred equity and may increase the likelihood that the owner of a borrower will permit the value or income-producing potential of a Mortgaged Property to fall and may create a greater risk that a borrower will default on the Mortgage Loan secured by a Mortgaged Property whose value or income is relatively weak.
Other Secured Indebtedness
[ADD APPLICABLE DISCLOSURE RELATING TO ANY INDEBTEDNESS OF THE BORROWER OTHER THAN THE MORTGAGE LOAN OR A COMPANION LOAN THAT IS SECURED BY A MORTGAGE ON THE RELATED MORTGAGED PROPERTY OR ANY MORTGAGE LOAN THAT PERMITS SUCH INDEBTEDNESS IN THE FUTURE]
Other Unsecured Indebtedness
Certain Mortgage Loans permit the borrower to incur certain other subordinate indebtedness as described below:
· | [With respect to [___] Mortgage Loans, representing approximately [_____]% the Initial Pool Balance, each borrower has secured and/or unsecured debt payable to an affiliate of that borrower ("Affiliate Debt") in addition to the debt under the Mortgage Loan. For each Mortgage Loan with Affiliate Debt, the Affiliate Debt creditor has entered into a subordination agreement with the lender acknowledging that the Affiliate Debt is non-foreclosable and non-defaultable and imposing limits on the borrower's ability to incur any further subordinate debt. Payments on that Affiliate Debt are required to be made solely out of excess cash flow after monthly payments of principal and interest have been made and any reserves required by the terms of the related Mortgage Loans have been funded as required under the Mortgage Loan documents. Additionally [__] other Mortgage Loans which do not currently have Affiliate Debt, representing approximately [____]% of the Initial Pool Balance, permit the related borrower to incur Affiliate Debt under certain circumstances. |
· | [DESCRIBE ANY OTHER UNSECURED INDEBTEDNESS OF THE BORROWER OR PERMITTED FUTURE UNSECURED INDEBTEDNESS] |
Certain risks relating to additional debt are described in "Risk Factors—Risks Relating to the Mortgage Loans—Other Financings or Ability to Incur Other Indebtedness Entails Risk".
The Whole Loans
General
Each of the Mortgage Loans secured by the Mortgaged Properties identified on Annex A-1 as "[LIST LOAN NAMES]" is part of the related Whole Loan consisting of the Mortgage Loan and the related Pari Passu Companion Loan(s). [___] Mortgage Loan secured by the Mortgaged Property identified on Annex A-1 as "[LIST LOAN NAME]" is part of the related Whole Loan consisting of that Mortgage Loan and the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan (the "AB Whole Loan"). In connection with each
Whole Loan, the rights between the trustee on behalf of the issuing entity and the holder of the related Companion Loan (the "Companion Loan Holder") are generally governed by an intercreditor agreement (each, a "Intercreditor Agreement"). With respect to each of the Whole Loans, the related Mortgage Loan and related Companion Loans are cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted.
The table below provides certain information with respect to each Mortgage Loan that has a corresponding Companion Loan:
Whole Loan Summary
| | Mortgage Loan Cut-off Date Balance | | % of Initial Pool Balance | | Pari Passu Companion Loan Cut-off Date Balance | | Subordinate Companion Loan Cut-off Date Balance | | Mortgage Loan LTV Ratio(2) | | | | Mortgage Loan Underwritten NCF DSCR(2) | | Whole Loan Underwritten NCF DSCR(3) |
[___] | | $[___] | | [___]% | | | | | | | | [___]% | | | | [___]x |
[___] | | $[___] | | [___]% | | | | | | | | [___]% | | | | [___]x |
(1) | [Indicate the Trust Subordinate Companion Loan that is included in the issuing entity.] |
(2) | Calculated including the related Pari Passu Companion Loan(s) but excluding any related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan(s). |
(3) | Calculated including the related Pari Passu Companion Loan(s) and any related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan(s). |
The Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan
[THE FOLLOWING DESCRIPTION OF THE INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENT WILL BE UPDATED IN THE PROSPECTUS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF THE SERVICED WHOLE LOANS AND THE FINAL TERMS OF THE RELATED INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENT]
General. [___] Mortgage Loan, identified as "[NAME OF THE SERVICED PARI PASSU WHOLE LOAN]" (the "Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan") on Annex A-1, representing approximately [_____] % of the Initial Pool Balance, is part of a split loan structure comprised of two mortgage notes, each of which is secured by the same mortgage instrument on the same underlying Mortgaged Property.
The Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan is evidenced by a promissory note with a Cut-off Date Balance of $[_________]. The related Pari Passu Companion Loan (the "Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan") is evidenced by a promissory note with a Cut-off Date Balance of $[________] that is not included in the issuing entity. Only the Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan is included in the issuing entity. The Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and the Pari Passu Companion Loan are pari passu with each other in terms of priority and are collectively referred to in this prospectus as the "Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan". It is anticipated that the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan will be included in a future securitization. However, we cannot assure you that this will ultimately occur. The rights of the issuing entity as the holder of the Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and the rights of the holder of the Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan are subject to an Intercreditor Agreement (the "Pari Passu Serviced Intercreditor Agreement"). The following summaries describe certain provisions of the Pari Passu Serviced Intercreditor Agreement.
Servicing. The Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan (including the Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan) and any related REO Property will be serviced and administered by the master servicer and the special servicer, pursuant to the PSA, in the manner described under "Pooling and Servicing Agreement", but subject to the terms of the Pari Passu Serviced Intercreditor Agreement. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement".
Application of Payments. The Pari Passu Serviced Intercreditor Agreement sets forth the respective rights of the holder of the Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and the holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan with respect to distributions of funds received in respect of the Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan, and provides, in general, that:
· | the Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan are of equal priority with each other and no portion of either of them will have priority or preference over any portion of the other or security therefor; |
· | all payments, proceeds and other recoveries on or in respect of the Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan or the related Mortgaged Property will be applied to the Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan on a pro rata and pari passu basis according to their respective outstanding principal balances (subject, in each case, to the payment of amounts for required reserves or escrows required by the related Mortgage Loan documents and payment and reimbursement rights of the master servicer, the special servicer, the operating advisor, the asset representations reviewer, the certificate administrator, the depositor and the trustee) in accordance with the terms of the Pari Passu Serviced Intercreditor Agreement and the PSA; and |
· | costs, fees, expenses, losses and shortfalls relating to the Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan will be allocated, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, to the Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan in accordance with the terms of the Pari Passu Serviced Intercreditor Agreement and the PSA. |
For more information regarding the allocation of collections and expenses in respect of the Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan, see "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances" and "—Withdrawals from the Collection Account".
Consultation and Control. The controlling noteholder under the Pari Passu Serviced Intercreditor Agreement will be the issuing entity as holder of the applicable Mortgage Loan. Pursuant to the terms of the PSA, the Directing Certificateholder and the operating advisor will each have the same consent and/or consultation rights with respect to the Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan as each does, and for so long as each does, with respect to the other Mortgage Loans included in the issuing entity. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder".
In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Pari Passu Serviced Intercreditor Agreement, the holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (or its representative which, at any time the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan is included in a securitization, may be the controlling class certificateholder for that securitization or any other party assigned the rights to exercise the rights of the holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan, as and to the extent provided in the related pooling and servicing agreement) will (i) have the right to receive copies of all notices, information and reports that the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, is required to provide to the Directing Certificateholder (within the same time frame such notices, information and reports are or would have been required to be provided to the Directing Certificateholder under the PSA without regard to the occurrence of a Control Termination Event or Consultation Termination Event) with respect to any major decisions to be taken with respect to the Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan or the implementation of any recommended action outlined in an asset status report relating to the Serviced Whole Loan and (ii) have the right to be consulted on a strictly non-binding basis to the extent the holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (or its representative) requests consultation with respect to certain major decisions to be taken with respect to the Serviced Whole Loan or the implementation of any recommended action outlined in an asset status report relating to the Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan. The consultation right of the holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (or its representative) will expire 10 business days following the delivery of written notice and information relating to the matter subject to consultation whether or not the holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (or its representative) has responded within such period; provided that if the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, proposes a new course of action that is materially different from the actions previously proposed, the 10 business day consultation period will be deemed to begin anew from the date of delivery of such new proposal and delivery of all information related to such new proposal. Notwithstanding the consultation rights of the holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (or its representative) described above, the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, is permitted to make any material decision or take any action set forth in the asset status
report before the expiration of the aforementioned 10 business day period if it determines that immediate action with respect to such decision is necessary to protect the interests of the holders of the Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan and the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan. Neither the master servicer nor the special servicer will be obligated at any time to follow or take any alternative actions recommended by the holder of the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (or its representative, including, if the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan has been contributed to a securitization, the related directing certificateholder (or similar entity)).
In addition to the consultation rights of the holder of the Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (or its representative) described above, pursuant to the terms of the Pari Passu Serviced Intercreditor Agreement, the holder of the Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (or its representative) will have the right to attend (in-person or telephonically in the discretion of the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable) annual meetings with the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, upon reasonable notice and at times reasonably acceptable to the master servicer or special servicer, as applicable, for the purpose of discussing servicing issues related to the Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan.
Sale of Defaulted Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan. Pursuant to the terms of the Pari Passu Serviced Intercreditor Agreement, if the Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan becomes a Defaulted Loan, and if the special servicer determines to sell the Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan that has become a Specially Serviced Loan in accordance with the PSA, then the special servicer will be required to sell the related Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan together with the Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan as one whole loan. In connection with any such sale, the special servicer will be required to follow the procedures set forth under "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Realization Upon Mortgage Loans".
[Notwithstanding the foregoing, the special servicer will not be permitted to sell a Serviced Pari Passu Mortgage Loan together with the Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan if such loan becomes a defaulted whole loan without the written consent of the holder of the Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (provided that such consent is not required if the holder of the Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan is the borrower or an affiliate of the borrower) unless the special servicer has delivered to the holder of the Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan: (a) at least 15 business days prior written notice of any decision to attempt to sell the related Whole Loan; (b) at least 10 days prior to the proposed sale date, a copy of each bid package (together with any material amendments to such bid packages) received by the special servicer in connection with any such proposed sale; (c) at least 10 days prior to the proposed sale date, a copy of the most recent appraisal for the Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan, and any documents in the servicing file reasonably requested by the holder of the Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan that are material to the price of the Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan; and (d) until the sale is completed, and a reasonable period of time (but no less time than is afforded to other offerors and the Directing Certificateholder) prior to the proposed sale date, all information and other documents being provided to other offerors and all leases or other documents that are approved by the master servicer or the special servicer in connection with the proposed sale; provided that the holder of the Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan may waive any of the delivery or timing requirements described in this sentence. Subject to the terms of the PSA, the holder of the Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan (or its representative) will be permitted to submit an offer at any sale of the related Whole Loan.]
See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Realization Upon Mortgage Loans".
Special Servicer Appointment Rights. Pursuant to the terms of the applicable Intercreditor Agreement and the PSA, the issuing entity, as the controlling noteholder, will have the right, with or without cause, to replace the special servicer then acting with respect to the Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan and appoint a replacement special servicer without the consent of the holder of the Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan. The Directing Certificateholder (so long as a Control Termination Event has not occurred and is not continuing), and the applicable certificateholders with the requisite percentage of Voting Rights (if a Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing) will exercise the rights of the issuing entity as controlling noteholder, and will have the right, with or without cause, to replace the special servicer then acting with respect to the Serviced Pari Passu Whole Loan and appoint a replacement special servicer, as described under "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Termination of Servicer and Special Servicer for Cause—Rights Upon Servicer Termination Event".
The Serviced AB Whole Loan
[THE FOLLOWING DESCRIPTION OF THE INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENT WILL BE UPDATED IN THE PROSPECTUS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF THE AB WHOLE LOANS AND THE FINAL TERMS OF THE RELATED INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENT. THE SUBORDINATE COMPANION LOAN INCLUDED IN THE AB WHOLE LOAN MAY BE OR MAY NOT BE INCLUDED IN THE ISSUING ENTITY. THE FOLLOWING DESCRIPTION ASSUMES THAT THE TRUST SUBORDINATE COMPANION LOAN WILL BE HELD BY THE ISSUING ENTITY.]
General. [One (1)] Mortgage Loan, identified as "[NAME OF THE AB WHOLE LOAN]" (the "AB Mortgage Loan") on Annex A-1, representing approximately [___]% of the Initial Pool Balance, is evidenced by the senior of two notes, each of which is secured by a single Mortgage and a single assignment of leases and rents. The subordinate interest for the AB Mortgage Loan, which is evidenced by the subordinate of the two notes, [will be][will not be] part of the issuing entity and is referred to in this prospectus as the "Trust Subordinate Companion Loan". The AB Mortgage Loan, together with the Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, is referred to in this prospectus as the "AB Whole Loan", and together with the [[NAME OF THE SERVICED PARI PASSU WHOLE LOAN] Whole Loan, the "Serviced Whole Loans". The Trust Subordinate Companion Loan and the Serviced Pari Passu Companion Loan are collectively referred to in this prospectus as the "Serviced Companion Loans".
The AB Mortgage Loan is cross-defaulted with the Trust Subordinate Companion Loan. Both the AB Mortgage Loan and the Trust Subordinate Companion Loan will be held by the issuing entity, and the [Loan Specific Class] certificates will be backed solely by the Trust Subordinate Companion Loan. The rights of the holders of the AB Mortgage Loan and the Trust Subordinate Companion Loan are subject to an Intercreditor Agreement (the "AB Intercreditor Agreement") . The following summaries describe certain provisions of the AB Intercreditor Agreement. The [Loan Specific Class] Directing Certificateholder, acting on behalf of the holder of the [Loan Specific Class] certificates, will be entitled to exercise certain rights of the holder of the Trust Subordinate Companion Loan described below pursuant to the terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder".
Servicing. The AB Whole Loan and any related REO Property will be serviced and administered by the master servicer and the special servicer, pursuant to the PSA, in the manner described under "Pooling and Servicing Agreement", but subject to the terms of the AB Intercreditor Agreement. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement".
Application of Payments. Pursuant to the related Intercreditor Agreement, prior to the occurrence and continuance of (i) an event of default with respect to payments due under the AB Mortgage Loan, (ii) an event of default which results in the AB Mortgage Loan becoming accelerated or becoming serviced by the special servicer pursuant to the terms of the PSA, or (iii) any bankruptcy or insolvency event that constitutes an event of default under the related Mortgage Loan documents (each of clauses (i) – (iii), an "AB Material Event of Default") (or, if such a default has occurred, but the directing certificateholder for the [LOAN SPECIFIC CLASS] certificates (the "Loan Specific Directing Certificateholder") has cured such a default or is exercising its cure rights), after payment of amounts for required reserves or escrows required by the related Mortgage Loan documents and amounts payable or reimbursable under the PSA to the master servicer, special servicer, certificate administrator, trustee, operating advisor and asset representations reviewer, payments and proceeds received with respect to an AB Whole Loan will generally be applied in the following order:
First, to the issuing entity as holder of the AB Mortgage Loan, in an amount equal to accrued and unpaid interest due on the outstanding principal of the AB Mortgage Loan at its interest rate;
Second, to the issuing entity as holder of the AB Mortgage Loan, in an amount equal to the Senior Note Percentage Interest of principal payments, if any, on an AB Whole Loan;
Third, if the proceeds of any foreclosure sale or any liquidation of an AB Whole Loan or related Mortgaged Property exceed amounts required to be applied in accordance with the foregoing clauses and, as result of a workout the principal balance of the AB Mortgage Loan has been reduced, such excess amount will be paid to the issuing entity as holder of the AB Mortgage Loan in an amount up to the reduction, if any, of the principal balance of the AB Mortgage Loan as a result of such workout, plus interest on such amount at the default interest rate for the AB Mortgage Loan;
Fourth, to the issuing entity as holder of the AB Mortgage Loan, in an amount equal to the product of the Senior Note Percentage Interest multiplied by the Senior Note Relative Spread and any prepayment premium to the extent paid by the related borrower;
Fifth, to the issuing entity as holder of the AB Mortgage Loan, up to the amount of any unreimbursed costs and expenses paid by the holder of the AB Mortgage Loan including any Recovered Costs not previously reimbursed to the holder of the AB Mortgage Loan (or paid or advanced by any servicer on its behalf and not previously paid or reimbursed) with respect to an AB Whole Loan pursuant to the related Intercreditor Agreement or the PSA;
Sixth, to the issuing entity as holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, in an amount equal to the accrued and unpaid interest due on the outstanding principal balance of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan at its interest rate;
Seventh, to the issuing entity as holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, in an amount equal to the Junior Note Percentage Interest of principal payments received, if any, on an AB Whole Loan;
Eighth, if the proceeds of any foreclosure sale or any liquidation of an AB Whole Loan or related Mortgaged Property exceed the amounts required to be applied in accordance with the foregoing clauses and, as a result of any written modification, amendment, waiver, restructuring or workout of an AB Whole Loan, the principal balance of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan has been reduced, such excess amount to the holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan in an amount equal to the amount of such reduction on the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan as a result of such written modification, amendment, waiver, restructuring or workout and interest on such amount at the default interest rate for the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan;
Ninth, to the issuing entity as holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, in an amount equal to the aggregate amount of all payments made by the holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan in connection with the exercise of its cure rights under the related Intercreditor Agreement;
Tenth, to the issuing entity as holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, in an amount equal to the product of the Junior Note Percentage Interest multiplied by the Junior Note Relative Spread and any prepayment premium to the extent paid by the related borrower;
Eleventh, to the extent assumption or transfer fees actually paid by the related borrower are not required to be otherwise applied under the PSA, including, without limitation, to provide reimbursement for interest on any Advances, to pay any additional servicing expenses or to compensate a servicer (in each case provided that such reimbursements or payments relate to an AB Whole Loan), any such assumption or transfer fees, to the extent actually paid by the related borrower, to the holder of the AB Mortgage Loan and to holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, pro rata, based on their respective percentage interests; and
Twelfth, if any excess amount is available to be distributed in respect of an AB Whole Loan, and not otherwise applied in accordance with the foregoing clauses, any remaining amount, pro rata, to the holder of the AB Mortgage Loan and to the holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan in accordance with their respective initial percentage interests.
"Junior Note Percentage Interest" means a fraction, expressed as a percentage, the numerator of which is the principal balance of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan and the denominator of which is the principal balance of an AB Whole Loan.
["Junior Note Relative Spread" means the ratio of the Mortgage Rate for the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan to the Mortgage Rate for the AB Mortgage Loan and related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan as a whole.]
"Recovered Costs" means, with respect to an AB Whole Loan, any amounts referred to in clauses (d) and/or (e) of the definition of "Defaulted Purchase Price" (set forth in "—Purchase Option" below) that, at the time of determination, had been previously paid or reimbursed to any servicer from sources other than collections on or in respect of an AB Whole Loan or Mortgaged Property (including, without limitation, from collections on or in respect of loans other than an AB Whole Loan).
"Senior Note Percentage Interest" means a fraction, expressed as a percentage, the numerator of which is the principal balance of the AB Mortgage Loan and the denominator of which is the principal balance of an AB Whole Loan.
["Senior Note Relative Spread" means the ratio of the Mortgage Rate for the AB Mortgage Loan to the Mortgage Rate for the AB Mortgage Loan and related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan as a whole.]
Following the occurrence and during the continuance of an AB Material Event of Default, after payment of all amounts for required reserves or escrows required by the related Mortgage Loan documents and amounts then payable or reimbursable under the PSA to the master servicer, special servicer, certificate administrator, trustee, operating advisor and asset representations reviewer, payments and proceeds with respect to a AB Whole Loan will generally be applied in the following order, in each case to the extent of available funds:
First, to the issuing entity as holder of the AB Mortgage Loan, in an amount equal to accrued and unpaid interest due on the outstanding principal of the AB Mortgage Loan at its interest rate;
Second, to the issuing entity as holder of the AB Mortgage Loan, in an amount equal to the principal balance of the AB Mortgage Loan, until such principal balance has been reduced to zero;
Third, if the proceeds of any foreclosure sale or any liquidation of an AB Whole Loan or related Mortgaged Property exceed amounts required to be applied in accordance with the foregoing clauses and, as result of a workout the principal balance of the AB Mortgage Loan has been reduced, such excess amount will be paid to the issuing entity as holder of the AB Mortgage Loan in an amount up to the reduction, if any, of the principal balance of the AB Mortgage Loan as a result of such workout, plus interest on such amount at the default interest rate for the AB Mortgage Loan;
Fourth, to the issuing entity as holder of the AB Mortgage Loan, in an amount equal to the product of the Senior Note Percentage Interest multiplied by the Senior Note Relative Spread and any prepayment premium to the extent paid by the related borrower;
Fifth, to the issuing entity as holder of the AB Mortgage Loan, up to the amount of any unreimbursed costs and expenses paid by the holder of the AB Mortgage Loan including any Recovered Costs not previously reimbursed to the holder of the AB Mortgage Loan (or paid or advanced by any servicer on its behalf and not previously paid or reimbursed) with respect to an AB Whole Loan pursuant to the related Intercreditor Agreement or the PSA;
Sixth, to the issuing entity as holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, in an amount equal to the accrued and unpaid interest due on the outstanding principal balance of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan at its interest rate;
Seventh, to the issuing entity as holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan in an amount equal to the principal balance of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, until such principal balance has been reduced to zero;
Eighth, if the proceeds of any foreclosure sale or any liquidation of an AB Whole Loan or related Mortgaged Property exceed the amounts required to be applied in accordance with the foregoing clauses and, as a result of any written modification, amendment, waiver, restructuring or workout of an AB Whole Loan, the principal balance of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan has been reduced, such excess amount to the issuing entity as holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan in an amount equal to the amount of such reduction on the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan as a result of such written modification, amendment, waiver, restructuring or workout and interest on such amount at the default interest rate for the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan;
Ninth, to the issuing entity as holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, in an amount equal to the aggregate amount of all payments made by it in connection with the exercise of its cure rights under the related Intercreditor Agreement;
Tenth, to the issuing entity as holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, in an amount equal to the product of the Junior Note Percentage Interest multiplied by the Junior Note Relative Spread and any prepayment premium to the extent paid by the related borrower;
Eleventh, to the extent assumption or transfer fees actually paid by the related borrower are not required to be otherwise applied under the PSA, including, without limitation, to provide reimbursement for interest on any Advances, to pay any additional servicing expenses or to compensate a servicer (in each case provided that such reimbursements or payments relate to an AB Whole Loan), any such assumption or transfer fees, to the extent actually paid by the related borrower, to the holder of the AB Mortgage Loan and to holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, pro rata, based on their respective percentage interests; and
Twelfth, if any excess amount is available to be distributed in respect of an AB Whole Loan, and not otherwise applied in accordance with the foregoing clauses, any remaining amount, pro rata, to the holder of the AB Mortgage Loan and to the holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan in accordance with their respective initial percentage interests.
For more information regarding the allocation of collections and expenses in respect of an AB Whole Loan, see "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances" and "—Withdrawals from the Collection Account".
Cure Rights. In the event that the related borrower fails to make any payment of principal or interest on an AB Whole Loan that results in a monetary event of default or the related borrower otherwise defaults with respect to an AB Whole Loan, the holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan will have the right to cure such event of default subject to certain limitations set forth in the related Intercreditor Agreement. The holder of the Trust Subordinate Companion Loan will be limited to four (4) cure payments over the life of an AB Whole Loan, no more than three (3) of which may be consecutive. So long as the holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan is exercising a cure right, neither the master servicer nor the special servicer will be permitted to treat such event of default as such for purposes of transferring the related Whole Loan to special servicing or exercising remedies.
Amendments and Consents. Prior to the occurrence and continuance of an AB Control Appraisal Period, except as otherwise described under "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—The Directing Certificateholder", the consent of the holder of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan is required to be obtained by the special servicer for any AB Major Decision.
An "AB Control Appraisal Period" will exist with respect to the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, if and for [so long as (a)(1) the initial principal balance of the related Trust Subordinate Companion
Loan minus (2) the sum of (x) any payments of principal allocated to, and received on, the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, (y) any Appraisal Reduction Amounts for an AB Whole Loan that are allocated to the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan and (z) any losses realized with respect to the related Mortgaged Property or AB Whole Loan that are allocated to the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan, is less than (b) 25% of the remainder of the (i) initial principal balance of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan less (ii) any payments of principal allocated to, and received, by the holders of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan. Pursuant to the terms of the Intercreditor Agreement, the holders of the [LOAN SPECIFIC CLASS] certificates will have the right to avoid an AB Control Appraisal Period by posting cash collateral or a letter of credit in an amount which, when added to the appraised value of the related Mortgaged Property, would cause the applicable AB Control Appraisal Period not to occur. The holder of the [LOAN SPECIFIC CLASS] certificates, as the holder of a beneficial interest in the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan also has the right to purchase the AB Mortgage Loan in certain instances as set forth below.
["AB Major Decisions" means at any time no AB Control Appraisal Period is in effect (and will have the meaning given to a "Major Decision" when an AB Control Appraisal Period is in effect):
· | any workout or other change to an AB Whole Loan that would result in any modification of, or waiver with respect to, an AB Whole Loan that would result in the extension of the maturity date or extended maturity date of the AB Whole Loan, a reduction in the interest rate borne thereby or the monthly debt service payment or a deferral or a forgiveness of interest on or principal of an AB Whole Loan or a modification or waiver of any other monetary term of an AB Whole Loan (including reserve requirements) or a modification or waiver of any material non-monetary provision of an AB Whole Loan, including but not limited to provisions which restrict the related borrower or its equity owners from incurring additional indebtedness or transferring interests in the Mortgaged Property or the related borrower; |
· | any modification of, or waiver with respect to, an AB Whole Loan that would result in a discounted pay-off of the related Trust Subordinate Companion Loan; |
· | any foreclosure upon or comparable conversion (which may include acquisition of an REO Property) of the ownership of the Mortgaged Property or any acquisition of the Mortgaged Property by deed-in-lieu of foreclosure or any other exercise of remedies following an AB Material Event of Default; |
· | any material direct or indirect sale of all or any material portion of the Mortgaged Property or REO Property other than those required pursuant to the specific terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents and for which there is no material lender discretion; |
· | any substitution, release or addition of collateral for an AB Whole Loan other than those required pursuant to the specific terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents and for which there is no material lender discretion; |
· | any release of the related borrower or guarantor from liability with respect to an AB Whole Loan including, without limitation, by acceptance of an assumption of an AB Whole Loan by a successor borrower or replacement guarantor other than those required pursuant to the specific terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents and for which there is no material lender discretion; |
· | any determination (1) not to enforce a "due-on-sale" or "due–on–encumbrance" clause (unless such clause is not exercisable under applicable law or such exercise is reasonably likely to result in successful legal action by the related borrower) or (2) accelerate an AB Whole Loan (other than automatic accelerations pursuant to the related Mortgage Loan documents); |
· | any transfer of the Mortgaged Property or any portion of the Mortgaged Property, or any transfer of any direct or indirect ownership interest in the related borrower, other than those required |
| pursuant to the specific terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents and for which there is no material lender discretion; |
· | any incurring of additional debt by the related borrower, including the terms of any document evidencing or securing any such additional debt and of any intercreditor or subordination agreement executed in connection therewith and any waiver of or amendment or modification to the terms of any such document or agreement or incurring of mezzanine financing by any beneficial owner of the related borrower, including the terms of any document evidencing or securing any such mezzanine debt and of any intercreditor or subordination agreement executed in connection therewith and any waiver of or amendment or modification to the terms of any such document or agreement (other than those required pursuant to the specific terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents and for which there is no material lender discretion); |
· | the waiver or modification of any documentation relating to the guarantor's obligations under the guaranty; |
· | the releases of any escrows or reserve accounts other than those required pursuant to the specific terms of the related Mortgage Loan documents and for which there is no material lender discretion; and |
· | any approval of a "major lease" (as defined in the Mortgage Loan documents).] |
Purchase Option. If an event of default with respect to an AB Whole Loan has occurred and is continuing, the holders of the [LOAN SPECIFIC CLASS] certificates will have the option to purchase the AB Mortgage Loan from the issuing entity at a price equal to the Defaulted Purchase Price.
The "Defaulted Purchase Price", with respect to the AB Mortgage Loan, is generally equal to the sum, without duplication, of (a) the principal balance of the AB Mortgage Loan, (b) accrued and unpaid interest on the AB Mortgage Loan from the date as to which interest was last paid in full by the related borrower up to and including the end of the interest accrual period relating to the Due Date next following the date the purchase occurred, (c) any other amounts due under an AB Whole Loan, other than prepayment premiums, default interest, late fees, exit fees and any other similar fees, provided that if the related borrower or a borrower related party is the purchaser (as the holder of the [LOAN SPECIFIC CLASS] certificates or otherwise), the Defaulted Purchase Price will include prepayment premiums, default interest, late fees, exit fees and any other similar fees, (d) without duplication of amounts under clause (c), any unreimbursed Servicing Advances and any expenses incurred in enforcing the related loan documents (including, without limitation, Servicing Advances payable or reimbursable to any servicer, and earned and unreimbursed special servicing fees), (e) without duplication of amounts under clause (c), any accrued and unpaid interest on Advances, (f) any Liquidation Fees or Workout Fees payable under the PSA with respect to an AB Whole Loan (i) if the related borrower or a borrower related party is the purchaser (as the holder of the [LOAN SPECIFIC CLASS] certificates or otherwise) or (ii) otherwise, if the purchase occurs after ninety (90) days after the first such option becomes exercisable pursuant to the related Intercreditor Agreement, and (g) any Recovered Costs not reimbursed previously to the holder of the AB Mortgage Loan pursuant to the related Intercreditor Agreement.
Special Servicer Appointment Rights. Pursuant to the related Intercreditor Agreement, the holders of the [LOAN SPECIFIC CLASS] certificates will have the right, with or without cause, to replace the special servicer then acting with respect to an AB Whole Loan and appoint a replacement special servicer with respect to an AB Whole Loan. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Replacement of Special Servicer Without Cause".
The Non-Serviced Whole Loan
[THE FOLLOWING DESCRIPTION OF THE INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENT WILL BE UPDATED IN THE PROSPECTUS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF THE NON-SERVICED WHOLE LOAN AND THE FINAL TERMS OF THE RELATED INTERCREDITOR AGREEMENTS.]
General. [One (1)] Mortgage Loan, identified as "[NAME OF NON-SERVICED WHOLE LOAN]" (the "Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan") on Annex A-1, The [__________] Mortgage Loan, representing approximately [_____]% of the Initial Pool Balance, is part of a split loan structure comprised of two mortgage notes, each of which is secured by the same mortgage instruments on the same portfolio of Mortgaged Properties.
The Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan is evidenced by one (1) promissory note with a Cut-off Date Balance of $[_______]. The related Companion Loan (the "Non-Serviced Companion Loan" and together with the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan, the "Non-Serviced Whole Loan" ) is evidenced by one (1) promissory note with a principal balance as of the Cut-off Date of $[_________]. The Non-Serviced Companion Loan will not be included in the issuing entity. Only the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan will be included in the issuing entity. The Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and the Non-Serviced Companion Loan are pari passu with each other in terms of priority and are collectively referred to in this prospectus as the Non-Serviced Whole Loan.
The rights of the issuing entity, as the holder of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and the rights of the securitization trust holding the Non-Serviced Companion Loan, as the holder of the Non-Serviced Companion Loan are subject to the terms of the Intercreditor Agreement (the "Non-Serviced Intercreditor Agreement"). [The consultation rights of the issuing entity (as the non-controlling note holder) under the Non-Serviced Intercreditor Agreement will be exercised by the Directing Certificateholder so long as no Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, and if a Control Termination Event has occurred and is continuing, by the special servicer pursuant to the terms of the PSA, as described under "Pooling and Servicing Agreement".]
Servicing of the Non-Serviced Whole Loan. The Non-Serviced Whole Loan is being serviced and administered pursuant to the terms of the pooling and servicing agreement, dated as of [______], 20[____] (the "Non-Serviced PSA") among [NAME OF DEPOSITOR] (the "Non-Serviced Depositor"), [NAME OF MASTER SERVICER] (the "Non-Serviced Master Servicer"), [NAME OF SPECIAL SERVICER) (the "Non-Serviced Special Servicer"), [NAME OF TRUSTEE] (the "Non-Serviced Trustee"), [NAME OF CERTIFICATE ADMINISTRATOR) (the "Non-Serviced Certificate Administrator"), [NAME OF OPERATING ADVISOR] (the "Non-Serviced Operating Advisor") and [NAME OF ASSET REPRESENTATIONS REVIEWER) (the "Non-Serviced Asset Representations Reviewer"). The Non-Serviced PSA was entered into in connection with the securitization of the Non-Serviced Companion Loan. The holders of the certificates issued under the Non-Serviced PSA are referred to in this prospectus as "Non-Serviced Certificateholders." For a summary of certain provisions of the Non-Serviced PSA, see "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan".
Application of Payments. The Non-Serviced Intercreditor Agreement sets forth the respective rights of the holder of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and the holder of the Non-Serviced Companion Loan with respect to distributions of funds received in respect of the Non-Serviced Whole Loan, and provides, in general, that:
· | the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and the Non-Serviced Companion Loan are of equal priority with each other and no portion of either of them will have priority or preference over any portion of the other or security therefor; |
· | all payments, proceeds and other recoveries on or in respect of the Non-Serviced Whole Loan or the related Mortgaged Property will be applied to the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and the Non-Serviced Companion Loan on a pro rata and pari passu basis according to their respective outstanding principal balances (subject, in each case, to the payment of amounts for required reserves or escrows required by the related Mortgage Loan documents and payment and reimbursement rights of the Non-Serviced Master Servicer, the Non-Serviced Special Servicer, the Non-Serviced Trustee, the Non-Serviced Operating Advisor, the Non-Serviced Asset Representations Reviewer, the Non-Serviced Certificate Administrator, the Non-Serviced Depositor) in accordance with the terms of the Non-Serviced Intercreditor Agreement and the Non-Serviced PSA; and |
· | costs, fees, expenses, losses and shortfalls relating to the Non-Serviced Whole Loan will be allocated, on a pro rata and pari passu basis, to the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and the Non-Serviced Companion Loan in accordance with the terms of the Non-Serviced Intercreditor Agreement and the Non-Serviced PSA. |
See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Advances" and "—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan" for more information regarding the allocation of collections and expenses in respect of the Non-Serviced Whole Loan.
Consultation and Control. The controlling noteholder under the Non-Serviced Intercreditor Agreement will be the securitization trust formed pursuant to the Non-Serviced PSA (the "Non-Serviced Securitization Trust"), as holder of the Non-Serviced Companion Loan. [___________] is the directing certificateholder under the Non-Serviced PSA (the "Non-Serviced Directing Certificateholder"). The Non-Serviced Directing Certificateholder (so long as a control termination event under the Non-Serviced PSA has not occurred and is not continuing), and the applicable certificateholders under the Non-Serviced PSA with the requisite percentage of voting rights (so long as a control termination event under the Non-Serviced PSA has occurred and is continuing) will exercise the rights of the Non-Serviced Securitization Trust as controlling noteholder, and will have the right, with or without cause, to replace the special servicer then acting with respect to the Non-Serviced Whole Loan and appoint a replacement special servicer, in accordance with, and subject to the limitations set forth in, the Non-Serviced PSA.
For more information regarding the rights of the directing certificateholder under the Non-Serviced PSA, see "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan".
Pursuant to the terms of the Non-Serviced Intercreditor Agreement, the issuing entity, as the non-controlling note holder, will have the right (regardless of whether a control termination event or a consultation termination event exists under the Non-Serviced PSA) to (i) receive copies of all notices, information and reports that the Non-Serviced Special Servicer is required to provide to the Non-Serviced Directing Certificateholder within the same time frame it is required to provide such notices, information and reports to the Non-Serviced Directing Certificateholder (provided that to the extent that the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan is included in a securitization transaction, such copies of notices, information and reports required to be delivered by the Non-Serviced Special Servicer to the issuing entity shall be delivered to the directing certificateholder related to such securitization transaction to the extent that the Non-Serviced Special Servicer receives written notice of the identity of the directing certificateholder for such securitization transaction) and (ii) consult on a strictly non-binding basis with respect to (x) certain major servicing decisions regarding the Non-Serviced Whole Loan or any related REO Property as set forth in the Non-Serviced Intercreditor Agreement and (y) the implementation of any recommended actions outlined in an asset status report in respect of the Non-Serviced Whole Loan or any related REO Property. The consultation right of the issuing entity will expire 10 business days after the delivery by the Non-Serviced Special Servicer of notice and information relating to the matter subject to consultation, whether or not the issuing entity has responded within such period; provided that if a new course of action is proposed that is materially different from the actions previously proposed, the 10 business-day consultation period will begin anew. Notwithstanding the issuing entity's consultation rights described above, the Non-Serviced Special Servicer is permitted to make any major decision or take any action set forth in an asset status report in respect of the Non-Serviced Whole Loan before the expiration of the aforementioned 10 business-day period if it determines that immediate action with respect to such decision is necessary to protect the interests of the holders of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan and the Non-Serviced Companion Loan.
Neither the Non-Serviced Master Servicer nor the Non-Serviced Special Servicer will be permitted to follow any advice or consultation provided by the holder of the Non-Serviced Companion Loan (or its representative) that would require or cause the Non-Serviced Master Servicer or the Non-Serviced Special Servicer, as applicable, to violate any applicable law, including the REMIC Regulations or other applicable provisions of the Code, be inconsistent with the servicing standard under the Non-Serviced PSA require or cause the Non-Serviced Master Servicer or the Non-Serviced Special Servicer, as applicable, to violate provisions of the Non-Serviced Intercreditor Agreement or the Non-Serviced PSA,
require or cause the Non-Serviced Master Servicer or the Non-Serviced Special Servicer, as applicable, to violate the terms of the Non-Serviced Whole Loan, or materially expand the scope of any of the Non-Serviced Master Servicer's or the Non-Serviced Special Servicer's, as applicable, responsibilities under the Non-Serviced Intercreditor Agreement.
In addition to the consultation rights of the issuing entity described above, the issuing entity will have the right to annual conference calls with the Non-Serviced Master Servicer or Non-Serviced Special Servicer, as applicable, upon reasonable notice and at times reasonably acceptable to the Non-Serviced Master Servicer or Non-Serviced Special Servicer, as applicable, in which servicing issues related to the Non-Serviced Whole Loan may be discussed.
Sale of Defaulted Loan. Pursuant to the terms of the Non-Serviced Intercreditor Agreement, if the Non-Serviced Whole Loan becomes a "defaulted Mortgage Loan" pursuant to the terms of the Non-Serviced PSA, the Non-Serviced Special Servicer will be required to sell the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan together with the related Companion Loan as a single whole loan. The issuing entity will have consultation rights in connection with such sale, as described above.
Special Servicer Appointment Rights. Pursuant to the terms of the Non-Serviced Intercreditor Agreement and the Non-Serviced PSA, the Non-Serviced Directing Certificateholder and the applicable certificateholders under the Non-Serviced PSA with the requisite percentage of voting rights (so long as a control termination event under the Non-Serviced PSA has not occurred and is not continuing) will have the right, with or without cause, to replace the special servicer then acting with respect to the Non-Serviced Whole Loan and appoint a replacement special servicer, in accordance with, and subject to the limitations set forth in, the Non-Serviced PSA. See "Pooling and Servicing Agreement—Servicing of the Non-Serviced Mortgage Loan".
Additional Information
Each of the tables presented in Annex A-2 sets forth selected characteristics of the pool of Mortgage Loans as of the Cut-off Date, if applicable. For a detailed presentation of certain additional characteristics of the Mortgage Loans and the Mortgaged Properties on an individual basis, [including the asset-level information required by Item 1125 of Regulation AB,] see Annex A-1. For a brief summary of the [10] largest Mortgage Loans in the pool of Mortgage Loans, see Annex A-3.
The description in this prospectus, including Annex A-1, A-2 and A-3, of the Mortgage Pool and the Mortgaged Properties is based upon the Mortgage Pool as expected to be constituted at the close of business on the Cut-off Date, as adjusted for the scheduled principal payments due on the Mortgage Loans on or before the Cut-off Date. Prior to the issuance of the Offered Certificates, a Mortgage Loan may be removed from the Mortgage Pool if the depositor deems such removal necessary or appropriate or if it is prepaid. This may cause the range of Mortgage Rates and maturities as well as the other characteristics of the Mortgage Loans to vary from those described in this prospectus.
A [Current Report on Form 8-K][Form ABS-EE] containing detailed information regarding the Mortgage Loans will be available to persons (including beneficial owners of the Offered Certificates) who receive this prospectus and will be filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), together with the PSA, with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on or prior to the date of the filing of this prospectus.]
The Sponsors and Mortgage Loan Sellers
Bank of America, National Association
Bank of America, National Association ("Bank of America") is a subsidiary of Bank of America Corporation.
Bank of America and its affiliates have been active in the securitization market since inception and have sponsored publicly and privately offered securitization transactions since 1977. Bank of America and its affiliates have been involved with the origination and securitization of residential and commercial mortgage loans and its affiliates have been involved with the origination of auto loans, student loans, home equity loans and credit card receivables, as well as less traditional asset classes. Bank of America and its affiliates have served as sponsors, issuers, dealers, and servicers in a wide array of securitization transactions.
The tables below indicate the size and history of the commercial mortgage loan origination program for Bank of America and its affiliates. Loans originated by Bank of America and its affiliates have historically included primarily a mix of multifamily, office, retail, hotel and industrial and warehouse properties, though Bank of America and its affiliates have also regularly originated loans on a variety of other commercial property types, including but not limited to self-storage facilities, manufactured housing communities, parking garage facilities and golf courses.
Origination Volume
(Dollar Amount of Closed Loans)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Multifamily | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 9,700,000 | | | $ | 8,050,000 | | | $ | 411,310,000 | | | $ | 518,929,738 | |
Office | | | 435,331,927 | | | | 295,300,000 | | | | 854,800,000 | | | | 1,122,060,000 | | | | 1,864,674,000 | |
Retail | | | 238,220,000 | | | | 861,406,000 | | | | 2,521,663,000 | | | | 1,613,066,013 | | | | 1,726,602,172 | |
Industrial | | | 20,000,000 | | | | 270,870,000 | | | | 110,780,000 | | | | 46,200,000 | | | | 31,185,000 | |
Manufactured Housing | | | 0 | | | | 65,835,000 | | | | 150,225,000 | | | | 365,593,000 | | | | 87,111,250 | |
Self-Storage | | | 44,645,000 | | | | 132,535,000 | | | | 173,810,000 | | | | 140,247,500 | | | | 93,095,000 | |
Lodging | | | 137,850,000 | | | | 581,550,000 | | | | 1,180,501,000 | | | | 2,205,861,250 | | | | 2,631,502,433 | |
Mixed Use | | | 25,000,000 | | | | 10,000,000 | | | | 0 | | | | 79,242,199 | | | | 144,100,000 | |
Other | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 0 | | | | 69,930,000 | |
Total | | $ | 901,046,927 | | | $ | 2,227,196,000 | | | $ | 4,999,829,000 | | | $ | 6,287,108,854 | | | $ | 7,167,129,593 | |
Bank of America is a sponsor and mortgage loan seller in this transaction. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, one of the underwriters, is an affiliate of Bank of America and assisted Bank of America in connection with the selection of mortgage loans for this transaction.
Bank of America's headquarters and its executive offices are located at 100 North Tryon Street, Charlotte, North Carolina 28255, and the telephone number is (704) 386 5478.
See below for more information about the Bank of America's solicitation and underwriting standards used to originate mortgage loans similar to the mortgage loans included in the issuing entity and Bank of America's material roles and duties in each securitization.
Bank of America's Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards
Overview. Bank of America's commercial mortgage loans are originated in accordance with the procedures and underwriting standards described below. The loans are primarily originated (i) directly by Bank of America or through affiliates to mortgagor/borrowers; (ii) indirectly through mortgage loan brokers to mortgagor/borrowers; and (iii) through other loan originators. The remainder of the discussion of Bank of America's loan underwriting practices under this "—Bank of America's Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards" describes the practices of Bank of America and any affiliate of Bank of America with respect to the origination of loans to be sold by Bank of America in this transaction. However, variations from these procedures and standards may be implemented as a result of various conditions, including a mortgage loan's specific terms, the quality or location of the underlying real estate, the mortgaged property's tenancy profile, the background or financial strength of the borrower or sponsor and any other pertinent information deemed material by Bank of America. Therefore, this general description of Bank of America's origination procedures and underwriting standards is not intended as a representation that every commercial mortgage loan originated by it or on its behalf complies entirely with all standards set forth below. For important information about the circumstances that have affected the
underwriting of Bank of America mortgage loans, see "—Exceptions to Bank of America's Disclosed Underwriting Guidelines" below and Annex D-2 to this prospectus.
Process. Each mortgage loan underwritten to Bank of America's general underwriting standards is underwritten in accordance with guidelines established by Bank of America's real estate structured finance group ("Bank of America Guidelines"). These underwriting standards applied by Bank of America are intended to evaluate the adequacy of the mortgaged property as collateral for the loan and the mortgagor's repayment ability and creditworthiness. The underwriting standards as established in the Bank of America Guidelines are continually updated to reflect prevailing conditions in the CMBS market, new mortgage products, and the investment market for commercial loans.
The Application. Regardless of the channel in which the loan was originated, a mortgage application or term sheet is completed by the borrower/mortgagor containing information that assists in evaluating the adequacy of the mortgaged property as collateral for the loan, including the mortgagor's credit standing and capacity to repay the loan.
Further, the mortgage application requires supporting documentation (or other verification) for all material data provided by the mortgagor described in a checklist, including but not limited to the following:
· | existing mortgage verification; |
· | certified financial statements for mortgagor and borrower principals; |
· | property operating statements; |
· | purchase contract (if applicable); |
· | seismic report (if applicable); |
· | certificate of occupancy; |
· | evidence of zoning compliance; |
· | borrower structure/authority documents; and |
· | underwriting evaluation. |
In some cases, certain of these documents may not be reviewed due to the nature of the related mortgaged property. For instance, historical operating statements may not be available with respect to a mortgaged property with a limited operating history or that has been recently acquired by its current owner. In addition, rent rolls would not be examined for certain property types (e.g., hospitality properties), and tenant leases would not be examined for certain property types (e.g., hospitality, self-storage, multifamily and manufactured housing community properties).
The credit underwriting process for each Bank of America mortgage loan is performed by Bank of America's real estate structured finance group which is a vertically integrated entity, staffed by real estate professionals, and includes loan underwriting, origination and closing groups. Bank of America's review team may also include third party due diligence providers (for example, Situs Holdings, LLC) which are subject to oversight by Bank of America and ultimate review and approval by Bank of America of such third party due diligence providers' work product.
A member of the Bank of America deal team or one of its agents performs a site inspection of the mortgaged property as well as a review of the surrounding market environment (including demand generators, competing properties (if any) and proximity to major thoroughfares and transportation centers) in order to confirm tenancy information, assess the physical quality and attributes (e.g., age, renovations, condition, parking, amenities, class, etc.) of the collateral, determine visibility and access characteristics and evaluate the mortgaged property's competitiveness within its market.
The Bank of America deal team or one of its agents also performs a detailed review of the financial status, credit history and background of the borrower and certain principals or sponsors of the borrower using financial statements, income tax returns, credit reports, criminal and background review and searches in select jurisdictions for judgments, liens, bankruptcy, pending litigation and, if applicable, the loan payment history of the borrower. Bank of America also performs a qualitative analysis which incorporates independent credit checks and review of published debt and equity information with respect to certain principals of the borrower as well as the borrower itself. Borrowers are generally required to be single purpose entities although they are not always required to be bankruptcy remote entities. Circumstances may also warrant an examination of the financial strength and credit of key tenants as well as other factors that may impact the tenants' ongoing occupancy or ability to pay rent.
The collateral analysis includes an analysis of the historical property operating statements, rent rolls and a projection of future performance and a review of tenant leases. Bank of America requires third party appraisals, as well as environmental and building condition reports. Each report is reviewed for acceptability by a Bank of America staff member (or, with respect to environmental reports, a third party consultant) for compliance with program standards. Based on their review (or, with respect to environmental reports, a third party consultant's report), such staff member approves or rejects such report. The results of these reviews are incorporated into the underwriting report.
After the compilation and review of all documentation and other relevant considerations, the deal team finalizes its detailed underwriting analysis of the mortgaged property's cash flow in accordance with Bank of America's property specific, cash flow underwriting guidelines.
Determinations are also made regarding the implementation of appropriate loan terms to structure around risks, resulting in features such as ongoing escrows or up front reserves, letters of credit, lockboxes, cash management agreements and guarantees. A complete credit committee package is prepared to summarize all of the above referenced information.
Credit Approval. All commercial mortgage loans must be presented to one or more credit committees that include senior real estate professionals, among others. After a review of the credit committee package and a discussion of a mortgage loan, the committee may approve the mortgage loan as recommended, request additional due diligence, modify the terms or reject the mortgage loan entirely.
Debt Service Coverage and Loan-to-Value Requirements. Bank of America's underwriting standards generally require a minimum debt service coverage ratio of 1.20x and permit a maximum loan-to-value ratio of 80%; however, these thresholds are guidelines, and exceptions are permitted based
on the merits of each individual mortgage loan, such as the types of tenants, reserves, letters of credit, guarantees and Bank of America's assessment of the mortgaged property's future performance. The debt service coverage ratio guidelines set forth above are calculated based on underwritten net cash flow at origination. As a result, the debt service coverage ratio for each mortgage loan as reported in this prospectus and Annex A-1 hereto may differ from the amount calculated at the time of origination.
Certain mortgaged properties may also be encumbered by subordinate debt (or the direct or indirect ownership interests in the related borrower may be encumbered by mezzanine debt). It is possible that Bank of America or an affiliate thereof will be a lender on such additional debt and may either sell such debt to an unaffiliated third party or hold it in inventory. When such subordinate or mezzanine debt is taken into account, the aggregate debt with respect to the related mortgaged property may not conform to the aforementioned DSCR and LTV parameters.
Amortization Requirements. Bank of America's underwriting guidelines generally permit a maximum amortization period of 30 years. Certain mortgage loans may provide for interest only payments through maturity or for a portion of the commercial mortgage loan term. If a mortgage loan entails only a partial interest-only period, the monthly debt service, annual debt service and DSCR set forth in this prospectus and Annex A-1 to this prospectus reflect a calculation of the future (larger) amortizing loan payment. See "Description of the Mortgage Pool" in this prospectus.
Escrow Requirements. Bank of America generally requires borrowers to fund various escrows for taxes and insurance, capital expenses and replacement reserves. Generally, the required escrows for mortgage loans originated by Bank of America are as follows:
Taxes. An initial deposit and monthly escrow deposits equal to 1/12 of the annual property taxes (based on the most recent property assessment and the current millage rate; however, if the actual tax amount owing in the upcoming year is not available, the required annual reserve amount will generally be between 100% and 105% of the preceding year's tax amount) are typically required to satisfy taxes and assessments, except that such escrows may not be required in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations where (i) the sponsor is an institutional sponsor or a high net worth individual or (ii) the related mortgaged property is a single tenant property with respect to which the related tenant is required to pay taxes directly.
Insurance. An initial deposit at origination (which may be equal to one or more months of the required monthly amount) and subsequent monthly escrow deposits equal to 1/12 of an amount generally between 100% and 105% of the annual property insurance premium are typically required to pay insurance premiums, except that such escrows may not be required in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations where (i) the related borrower maintains a blanket insurance policy, (ii) the sponsor is an institutional sponsor or a high net worth individual or (iii) the related mortgaged property is a single tenant property with respect to which the related tenant self-insures.
Replacement Reserves. Replacement reserves are generally calculated in accordance with the expected useful life of the components of the mortgaged property during the term of the mortgage loan.
Deferred Maintenance/Immediate Repair/Environmental Remediation. A deferred maintenance, immediate repair or remediation reserve is required. An initial deposit, upon funding of the applicable mortgage loan, in an amount equal to generally between 100% and 125% of the estimated costs of such deferred maintenance, immediate repairs and/or environmental remediation to be completed within the first year of the mortgage loan pursuant to the building condition report is required, except that such escrows may not be required in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations where (i) the sponsor of the borrower delivers a guarantee to complete the immediate repairs in a specified amount of time, (ii) the deferred maintenance amount does not materially impact the related mortgaged property's function, performance or value or is de minimis in relation to the loan amount or (iii) the related mortgaged property is a single tenant property and the tenant is responsible for the repairs.
Tenant Improvements and Leasing Commissions. In some cases, major tenants have lease expirations within the mortgage loan term. To mitigate this risk, special reserves may be required to be funded either
at closing of the mortgage loan and/or during the mortgage loan term to cover certain anticipated leasing commissions or tenant improvement costs which might be associated with re leasing the space occupied by such tenants.
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment. A reserve for furniture, fixtures and equipment expenses may be required to be funded during the term of the mortgage loan based on the suggested reserve amount from an independent, third party property condition or engineering report, or based on certain minimum requirements depending on the property type.
Environmental Remediation. An environmental remediation reserve may be required to be funded at loan origination in an amount generally between 100% and 150% of the estimated remediation cost identified in the environmental report, except that such escrows may not be required in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, situations where (i) the sponsor of the borrower delivers a guarantee whereby it agrees to take responsibility and pay for identified environmental issues, (ii) environmental insurance has been obtained or already in place or (iii) a third party having adequate financial resources has been identified as a responsible party.
For a description of the escrows collected with respect to the Bank of America mortgage loans, please see the information with respect to reserves in Annex A-1 to this prospectus.
Zoning and Building Code Compliance. Bank of America will generally examine whether the use and operation of the mortgaged properties are in material compliance with zoning and land use related ordinances, rules, regulations and orders applicable to the use of such mortgaged properties at the time such mortgage loans are originated. Bank of America will consider, among other things, legal opinions, certifications from government officials, zoning consultant's reports and/or representations by the related borrower contained in the related mortgage loan documents and information which is contained in appraisals and surveys, title insurance endorsements, or property condition assessments undertaken by independent licensed engineers.
Hazard, Liability and Other Insurance. The mortgage loans generally require that each mortgaged property be insured by a hazard insurance policy in an amount (subject to an approved deductible) at least equal to the lesser of the outstanding principal balance of the related mortgage loan and 100% of the replacement cost of the improvements located on the related mortgaged property, and if applicable, that the related hazard insurance policy contain appropriate endorsements to avoid the application of co-insurance and not permit reduction in insurance proceeds for depreciation; provided that, in the case of certain of the mortgage loans, the hazard insurance may be in such other amounts as was required by the related originators.
In addition, if any material improvements on any portion of a mortgaged property securing any mortgage loan was, at the time of the origination of such mortgage loan, in an area identified in the Federal Register by the Federal Emergency Management Agency as having special flood hazards, and flood insurance was available, a flood insurance policy meeting any requirements of the then current guidelines of the Federal Insurance Administration is required to be in effect with a generally acceptable insurance carrier, in an amount representing coverage generally not less than the least of (a) the outstanding principal balance of the related mortgage loan, (b) the full insurable value of the related mortgaged property, (c) the maximum amount of insurance available under the National Flood Insurance Act of 1973, or (d) 100% of the replacement cost of the improvements located on the related mortgaged property.
In general, the standard form of hazard insurance policy covers physical damage to, or destruction of, the improvements on the mortgaged property by fire, lightning, explosion, smoke, windstorm and hail, riot or strike and civil commotion, subject to the conditions and exclusions set forth in each policy.
Each mortgage loan generally also requires the related borrower to maintain comprehensive general liability insurance against claims for personal and bodily injury, death or property damage
occurring on, in or about the related mortgaged property in an amount generally equal to at least $1,000,000.
Each mortgage loan generally further requires the related borrower to maintain business interruption insurance in an amount not less than approximately 100% of the gross rental income from the related mortgaged property for not less than twelve (12) months.
Third Party Reports. In addition to or as part of applicable origination guidelines or reviews described above, in the course of originating the Bank of America mortgage loans, Bank of America generally considered the results of third party reports as described below. New reports are generally ordered, although existing reports dated no more than 180 days prior to closing may be used (subject, in certain cases, to updates).
Appraisal. For each mortgage loan, Bank of America obtains an appraisal that utilizes one of three approaches to valuation: a cost approach, a sales comparison approach or an income approach (including both direct cap and discount cash flow methods). An independent appraiser that is either a member of MAI or state certified is required to perform an appraisal (or update an existing appraisal) of each of the related mortgaged properties in connection with the origination of each mortgage loan to establish the appraised value of the related mortgaged property or properties. Each appraisal also includes (or Bank of America obtains a separate letter that includes) a statement by the appraiser that the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (except for certain mortgaged properties involving operating businesses) and the guidelines in Title XI of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, as amended, were followed in preparing the appraisal.
Environmental Site Assessments. Bank of America generally obtains a Phase I environmental site assessment or an update of a previously obtained site assessment for each mortgaged property prepared by an environmental firm. Bank of America requires a Phase I environmental site assessment for all properties regardless of age or location and each such report must be in compliance with current standards prescribed by The American Society of Testing and Materials. A Phase I environmental site assessment consists of inquiries, interviews, inspections, and research of public records to identify known or potential environmental concerns. Bank of America or its designated agent typically reviews the Phase I site assessment to verify the presence or absence of potential adverse environmental conditions. An environmental site assessment will not necessarily cover all potential environmental issues. For example, an analysis for radon, lead based paint, mold and lead in drinking water will usually be conducted only at multifamily rental properties and only when Bank of America or the environmental consultant believes that such an analysis is warranted under the circumstances. Upon the recommendation of the engineer conducting the Phase I environmental site assessment with respect to a mortgaged property, a Phase II assessment (which is a is a site specific investigation to determine the presence or absence of specified environmental concerns) is performed.
Property Condition Assessments. Bank of America generally obtains a current physical condition report for each mortgaged property (other than in the case of mortgaged properties secured solely by an interest in land) prepared by independent licensed engineers to assess the overall physical condition and engineering integrity of the mortgaged property, including an inspection of the exterior walls, roofing, interior construction, mechanical and electrical systems and general condition of the site, buildings and other improvements located at a mortgaged property. The resulting reports may indicate deferred maintenance items and recommended capital improvements. The estimated cost of the necessary repairs or replacements at a mortgaged property is included in the related property condition assessment. In cases in which the report identifies an immediate need for material repairs or replacements with an anticipated cost that is over a certain minimum threshold or percentage of loan balance, Bank of America often requires an escrow at the time of origination in an amount sufficient to complete such repairs or replacements or obtains a guarantee from a sponsor of the borrower in lieu of reserves. See "—Escrow Requirements" above. In addition, various mortgage loans require monthly deposits into cash reserve accounts to fund property maintenance expenses.
Seismic. Bank of America generally obtains a seismic report for all mortgaged properties located in seismic zones 3 or 4 (as determined in accordance with the Uniform Building Code) to assess the
estimated damage that may result from a seismic event that has a 10% chance of exceedance in a 50-year exposure period or a 475-year return period. Such reports utilize the ASTM Standard E2026-07 and E2557-07 definitions for Scenario Expected Loss.
Servicing. Bank of America currently services or contracts with third party servicers (for example, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association) for servicing the mortgage loans that it originates or acquires. Such interim servicers are assessed based upon the credit quality of the servicing institution and may be reviewed for their systems and reporting capabilities, collection procedures and ability to provide loan-level data. In addition, Bank of America may conduct background checks, meet with senior management to determine whether the servicer complies with industry standards or otherwise monitor the servicer on an ongoing basis.
Notwithstanding the foregoing discussion under this caption "—Bank of America's Commercial Mortgage Loan Underwriting Standards", one or more of the mortgage loans contributed to this securitization by BANA may vary from, or may not comply with, BANA's underwriting guidelines described above. In addition, in the case of one or more of the mortgage loans contributed to this securitization by BANA, BANA may not have strictly applied these underwriting guidelines as the result of a case-by-case permitted exception based upon other compensating or mitigating factors.
Exceptions to Bank of America's Disclosed Underwriting Guidelines
We have disclosed generally our underwriting guidelines with respect to the mortgage loans. However, one or more of BANA's mortgage loans may vary from the specific BANA underwriting guidelines described above when additional credit positive characteristics are present as discussed above. In addition, in the case of one or more of BANA's mortgage loans, BANA may not have applied each of the specific underwriting guidelines described above as the result of case-by-case permitted flexibility based upon other compensating factors. In certain cases, we may have made exceptions and the underwriting of a particular mortgage loan did not comply with all aspects of the disclosed criteria.
[EXCEPTIONS TO BE IDENTIFIED, INCLUDING PERCENTAGE OF THE INITIAL POOL BALANCE AS OF THE CUT-OFF DATE AND THE REASON FOR THE EXCEPTION.]
Certain characteristics of these mortgage loans can be found in Annex A.
Review of Bank of America Mortgage Loans
General. In connection with the preparation of this prospectus, Bank of America conducted a review of the mortgage loans that it is selling to the depositor designed and effected to provide reasonable assurance that the disclosure related to the Bank of America mortgage loans is accurate in all material respects. Bank of America determined the nature, extent and timing of the review and the level of assistance provided by any third party. The review was conducted by a deal team comprised of real estate and securitization professionals and third parties. Bank of America has ultimate authority and control over, and assumes all responsibility for and attributes to itself, the review and the findings and conclusions of the review of the mortgage loans that it is selling to the depositor. The procedures described below were employed with respect to all of the Bank of America mortgage loans, except that certain procedures were only relevant to the large loan disclosures in this prospectus, as further described below. No sampling procedures were used in the review process.
Database. Bank of America created a database of information (the "Bank of America Securitization Database") obtained in connection with the origination of the Bank of America mortgage loans, including:
· | certain information from the related mortgage loan documents; |
· | certain borrower provided information, including certain rent rolls, certain operating statements and certain leases relating to certain mortgaged properties; |