United Fire (UFCS) 10-K 26 Feb 25 2024 FY Annual report Financial data

Cover Page

Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Feb. 18, 2025	Jun. 28, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-34257
Entity Registrant Name	UNITED FIRE GROUP, INC
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	IA
Entity Tax Identification Number	45-2302834
Entity Address, Address Line One	118 Second Avenue SE
Entity Address, City or Town	Cedar Rapids
Entity Address, State or Province	IA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	52401
City Area Code	319
Local Phone Number	399-5700
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Trading Symbol	UFCS
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 0.5
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		25,381,478
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates by reference certain information from the registrant's definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for its annual shareholder meeting to be held on May 21, 2025.
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Central Index Key	0000101199

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Firm ID	42
Auditor Name	Ernst & Young LLP
Auditor Location	Des Moines, Iowa

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments:
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost $1,961,531 in 2024 and $1,771,041 in 2023; allowance for credit losses $0 in 2024 and $1 in 2023)	$ 1,868,331	$ 1,686,502
Equity securities, at fair value (cost $0 in 2024 and $29,238 in 2023)	0	55,019
Mortgage loans (less allowance for credit loss of $45 and $55)	40,922	45,366
Other long-term investments	183,741	99,507
Short-term investments	100	100
Total investments	2,093,094	1,886,494
Cash and cash equivalents	200,949	102,046
Accrued investment income	15,795	15,934
Premiums receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,604 in 2024 and $1,794 in 2023)	450,801	464,791
Deferred policy acquisition costs	147,224	126,532
Property and equipment at cost (less accumulated depreciation of $75,866 in 2024 and $68,242 in 2023)	136,021	134,247
Reinsurance receivables and recoverables (net of allowance for credit losses of $103 in 2024 and $97 in 2023)	230,828	223,269
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	44,892	27,682
Goodwill and intangible assets, net	3,906	4,615
Deferred tax asset, net	23,018	13,621
Income taxes receivable	14,181	21,463
Other assets	127,760	123,496
Total assets	3,488,469	3,144,190
Liabilities
Losses and loss settlement expenses	1,796,782	1,638,755
Unearned premiums	621,448	549,384
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	171,649	172,306
Long term debt	117,059	50,000
Total liabilities	2,706,938	2,410,445
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.001 par value; authorized 75,000,000 shares; 25,378,291 and 25,269,842 shares issued and outstanding in 2024 and 2023, respectively	25	25
Additional paid-in capital	215,851	209,986
Retained earnings	620,436	574,691
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(54,781)	(50,957)
Total stockholders' equity	781,531	733,745
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 3,488,469	$ 3,144,190

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Available-for-sale, amortized cost	$ 1,961,531	$ 1,771,041
Available-for-sale securities, allowance for credit losses	0	1
Equity securities, cost	0	29,238
Allowance for mortgage loan losses	45	55
Allowance for doubtful accounts	1,604	1,794
Property and equipment, accumulated depreciation	75,866	68,242
Reinsurance receivables, allowance for credit losses	$ 103	$ 97
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	75,000,000	75,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	25,378,291	25,269,842
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	25,378,291	25,269,842

Consolidated Statements of Inco

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenues
Net earned premiums	$ 1,176,750	$ 1,034,587	$ 951,541
Net investment income	81,986	59,606	44,932
Net investment gains (losses)	(5,429)	1,274	(15,892)
Other income (loss)	0	0	(295)
Total revenues	1,253,307	1,095,467	980,286
Benefits, losses and expenses
Losses and loss settlement expenses	744,605	769,414	637,301
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs	281,338	244,991	213,075
Other underwriting expenses	140,942	115,800	115,169
Interest Expense	7,281	3,260	3,188
Other non-underwriting expenses	2,107	1,723	(524)
Total benefits, losses and expenses	1,176,273	1,135,188	968,209
Income (loss) before income taxes	77,034	(39,721)	12,077
Income tax expense (benefit)	15,077	(10,021)	(2,954)
Net income (loss)	$ 61,957	$ (29,700)	$ 15,031
Earnings (loss) per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 2.45	$ (1.18)	$ 0.60
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 2.39	$ (1.18)	$ 0.59
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	25,319,973	25,249,269	25,160,809
Diluted (in shares)	25,917,760	25,249,269	25,318,196

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	$ 61,957	$ (29,700)	$ 15,031
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on investments	(13,466)	26,373	(176,181)
Change in net benefit asset plans and obligations	2,089	18,953	(8,278)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(200)	0	0
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax and reclassification adjustments	(11,577)	45,326	(184,459)
Income tax effect	2,388	(9,518)	38,736
Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax, before reclassification adjustments	(9,189)	35,808	(145,723)
Change in unrealized (gains) losses on investments included in net investment gains (losses)	6,791	718	1,323
Net benefit asset plans and obligations included in other underwriting expense	0	207	3,601
Total reclassification adjustments, before tax	6,791	925	4,924
Income tax effect	(1,426)	(194)	(1,034)
Total reclassification adjustments, after tax	5,365	731	3,890
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ 58,133	$ 6,839	$ (126,802)

Consolidated Statements of Stoc

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Total	Common stock	Additional paid-in capital	Retained earnings	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance, beginning of year at Dec. 31, 2021			$ 25	$ 203,375	$ 621,384	$ 54,337
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock based compensation				3,655
Net income (loss)		$ 15,031			15,031
Dividends on common stock ($0.64, $0.64, and $0.63 per share)					(15,860)
Change in net unrealized investment gain (loss)	[1]					(138,138)
Change in liability for underfunded employee benefit plans	[2]					(3,695)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		0
Balance, end of year at Dec. 31, 2022		740,114	$ 25	207,030	620,555	(87,496)
Balance, beginning of year (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021			25,082,104
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock based compensation (in shares)			128,437
Balance, ending of year (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022			25,210,541
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock based compensation				2,956
Net income (loss)		(29,700)			(29,700)
Dividends on common stock ($0.64, $0.64, and $0.63 per share)					(16,164)
Change in net unrealized investment gain (loss)	[1]					21,402
Change in liability for underfunded employee benefit plans	[2]					15,137
Foreign currency translation adjustment		0
Balance, end of year at Dec. 31, 2023		$ 733,745	$ 25	209,986	574,691	(50,957)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock based compensation (in shares)			59,301
Balance, ending of year (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023		25,269,842	25,269,842
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock based compensation				5,865
Net income (loss)		$ 61,957			61,957
Dividends on common stock ($0.64, $0.64, and $0.63 per share)					(16,212)
Change in net unrealized investment gain (loss)	[1]					(5,274)
Change in liability for underfunded employee benefit plans	[2]					1,650
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(200)				(200)
Balance, end of year at Dec. 31, 2024		$ 781,531	$ 25	$ 215,851	$ 620,436	$ (54,781)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Stock based compensation (in shares)			108,449
Balance, ending of year (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2024		25,378,291	25,378,291
[1] The change in net unrealized gain (loss) is net of reclassification adjustments and income taxes. The change in liability for underfunded employee benefit plans is net of income taxes.

Consolidated Statements of St_2

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividends on common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 0.64	$ 0.64	$ 0.63

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net income (loss)	$ 61,957	$ (29,700)	$ 15,031
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Net accretion of bond premium	4,531	7,092	9,000
Depreciation and amortization	10,904	10,508	7,670
Stock-based compensation expense	5,517	3,246	2,826
Net investment (gains) losses	5,901	(1,547)	15,622
Net cash flows from trading investments	56,381	116,080	29,725
Deferred income tax benefit	(8,391)	(8,308)	(3,930)
Changes in:
Accrued investment income	139	(1,454)	(1,084)
Premiums receivable	13,990	(99,062)	(48,958)
Deferred policy acquisition costs	(20,692)	(22,307)	(12,779)
Reinsurance receivables	(7,559)	(52,316)	(43,138)
Prepaid reinsurance premiums	(17,210)	(16,382)	(1,972)
Income taxes receivable	7,282	9,955	960
Other assets	(2,277)	(34,403)	(8,136)
Losses, claims and loss settlement expenses	158,027	141,481	(16,991)
Unearned premiums	72,064	74,996	34,655
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,432	70,956	12,972
Deferred income taxes	(1)	0	(652)
Other, net	(1,691)	2,901	7,928
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	340,304	171,736	(1,251)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale investments	491,771	77,388	83,559
Proceeds from call and maturity of available-for-sale investments	178,805	80,081	184,210
Proceeds from short-term and other investments	9,381	4,615	12,648
Purchase of available-for-sale investments	(872,850)	(273,081)	(284,054)
Purchase of mortgage loans	0	(8,137)	(103)
Purchase of short-term and other investments	(87,724)	(19,866)	(13,294)
Net purchases and sales of property and equipment	(11,870)	(10,886)	(2,137)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(292,487)	(149,886)	(19,171)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Debt note issuance	70,000	0	0
Debt note issuance costs	(3,050)	0	0
Payment of cash dividends	(16,212)	(16,164)	(15,860)
Issuance of common stock	348	(290)	828
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	51,086	(16,454)	(15,032)
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents	98,903	5,396	(35,454)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year	102,046	96,650	132,104
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year	200,949	102,046	96,650
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Income taxes paid	16,112	1,348	21,548
Interest paid	$ 7,172	$ 3,260	$ 3,188

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation The Consolidated Financial Statements, which include the accounts of United Fire Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, "UFG", the "Registrant", the "Company", "we", "us", or "our"), have been prepared on the basis of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. We have investments in unconsolidated affiliates that are considered variable interest entities ("VIEs") as defined under GAAP. Our involvement with VIEs is primarily to invest in assets that allow us to gain exposure to a broadly diversified portfolio of asset classes. A VIE is an entity that does not have sufficient equity to finance its own activities without additional financial support, where investors lack certain characteristics of a controlling financial interest, or where the entity is structured with non-substantive voting rights. We assess our relationships with VIEs to evaluate if we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE. If we determine we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we consolidate the assets and liabilities of the VIE in our Consolidated Financial Statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Segment Information We operate as one operating segment. Our revenues are primarily derived from premiums earned for property and casualty insurance products issued to customers. For additional information, see Note 10, "Segment Information". Premiums and Unearned Premiums Written premiums are deferred and recorded as earned premium on a daily pro rata basis over the terms of the respective policies. Unearned premium reserves are established for the portion of written premiums applicable to the unexpired term of insurance policies in force. Premiums receivable are presented net of an estimated allowance for doubtful accounts, which is based on a periodic evaluation of the aging and collectability of amounts due from agents and policyholders. Credit risk is partially mitigated by the Company's ability to cancel the policy if the policyholder does not pay the premium. Premiums are reported net of reinsurance ceded. Ceded premiums are charged to income over the applicable term of the various reinsurance contracts with third party reinsurers. Prepaid reinsurance premiums represent the unexpired portion of premiums ceded to reinsurers and are reported as ceded unearned premiums, an asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Losses and Loss Settlement Expenses To establish losses and loss settlement expense reserves, we make estimates and assumptions about the future development of claims. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates, which are subjective, complex and inherently uncertain. When we establish and adjust reserves, we do so given our knowledge at the time of the circumstances and facts of known claims. To the extent that we have overestimated or underestimated our loss and loss settlement expense reserves, we adjust the reserves in the period in which such adjustment is determined. Losses and loss settlement expenses are reported net of reinsurance ceded. The estimation of assumed and ceded reinsurance losses and loss settlement expense reserves is subject to the same factors as the estimation of losses and loss settlement expense reserves. In addition to those factors, which give rise to inherent uncertainties in establishing losses and loss settlement expense reserves, there exists a delay in our receipt of reported claims for assumed business due to the procedure of having claims first reported through one or more intermediary insurers or reinsurers. Reserves for assumed reinsurance are established using methods and techniques identical to those used for direct lines of business. The additional delay inherent in assumed reinsurance reporting is considered in our reserving process and payment is not problematic. Assumed reinsurance, like every independent line of business, has unique reporting and payment patterns that are reviewed as part of the reserve estimation process. Reinsurance Receivables Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the associated claim liability. For reinsurance receivables, the Company's model estimates expected credit loss by multiplying the exposure at default by both the probability of default and loss given default ("LGD"). The LGD is estimated by the rating of the reinsurer, historical relationship with UFG, existence of letters of credit and known regulation for which the Company may be held accountable. The ultimate LGD percentage is estimated after considering Moody's experience with unsecured year 1 bond recovery rates from 1983-2017. The allowance calculated is recorded through the line "Reinsurance receivables and recoverables" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and through the line "Other underwriting expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Refer to Note 4 "Reinsurance" for a discussion of our reinsurance. Investments Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale Investments in fixed maturity securities includes bonds. Our investments in fixed maturities securities are designated as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value. Changes in unrealized investment gain (loss), with respect to available-for-sale fixed maturities are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of deferred income taxes. We recognize investment income on fixed maturities based on the effective interest method, which results in the recognition of a constant rate of return on the investment equal to the prevailing rate at the time of purchase or at the time of subsequent adjustments of book value. Interest income from these investments is reported in "Net investment income" in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Realized gains and losses on sales of our fixed maturity securities are determined on the first-in first-out cost basis and are reported within Net investment gains (losses) in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. We record security transactions on a trade date basis. Equity Securities Investments in equity securities, which includes common stocks, are recorded at fair value with changes in value recorded as a component of income. Realized gains and losses on disposition of equity securities are computed using the specific identification method and are included in the computation of net income. Mortgage Loans Our investment in mortgage loans consists of commercial mortgage loans on real estate, which are reported at amortized cost, less allowance for expected credit losses. Commercial mortgage loans are continuously monitored by reviewing appraisals, operating statements, rent revenues, annual inspection reports, loan specific credit quality, property characteristics, market trends and other factors. For details on our policy around allowance for expected credit losses on mortgage loans, refer to Note 2 "Investments". Commercial mortgage loans are rated for the purpose of quantifying the level of risk. Loans are placed on a watch list when the debt service coverage ratio falls below certain thresholds and the loan-to-value ratios exceeds certain thresholds. Loans on the watchlist are closely monitored for collateral deficiency or other credit events that may lead to a potential loss of principal or interest. Interest on loans is recognized on an accrual basis at the applicable interest rate on the principal amount outstanding. Interest income, amortization of premiums and discounts, prepayment fees, and loan commitment fees are reported in Net investment income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates Other long-term investments consist primarily of our interests in limited liability partnerships that are recorded on the equity method of accounting. For investments subsequently measured using the equity method (primarily limited partnerships), adjustments to the carrying amount reflect our pro rata ownership percentage of the operating results as indicated by net asset value ("NAV") in the unconsolidated affiliates' financial statements. Distributions received from investments measured using the equity method are recorded as a decrease in the investment balance. Recognition of income and adjustments to the carrying amount can be delayed due to the availability of the related financial statements, which are obtained from the general partner or managing member generally on a one to three-month delay. For investments using the equity method, management inquires quarterly with the general partner or managing member to determine whether any credit or other market events have occurred since prior quarter financial statements to ensure any material events are properly included in current quarter valuation and investment income. Short-term investments Short-term investments consist of financial instruments with an original maturity of one year or less when purchased and include short-term fixed maturity securities and money market instruments, which are carried at fair value, and short-term loans, which are carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. Interest and investment income Dividends and interest income are recorded in Net investment income and recognized when earned. Income or losses upon call or prepayment of fixed maturity securities are recognized in Net investment income. Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts on investments in fixed maturity securities are reflected in Net investment income over the contractual terms of the investments, and for callable investments at a premium, based on the earliest call date of the investments, in a manner that produces a constant effective yield. Credit Losses The Company recognizes credit losses for our available-for-sale fixed-maturity portfolio, reinsurance receivables, mortgage loans and premium receivables by setting up allowances which are remeasured each reporting period and recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For our available-for-sale fixed maturity portfolio an allowance for credit losses is recorded net of available-for-sale fixed maturities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and a corresponding credit loss recognized as a recognized loss or gain in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company determines if an allowance for credit losses is recorded based on a number of factors including the current economic conditions, management's expectations of future economic conditions and performance indicators, such as market value versus amortized cost, investment spreads widening or contracting, rating actions, payment and default history. For more information on credit losses and the allowance for credit losses for available-for-sale fixed-maturity portfolio, see Note 2 "Investments." An allowance for mortgage loan losses is established based on historical loss information of the collective pool of the Company's commercial mortgage loan investments which have similar risk characteristics. To calculate the allowance for mortgage loan losses, the Company starts with historical loan experience to predict the future expected losses and then layers on a market-linked adjustment. On a quarterly basis, quantitative credit risk metrics, including for example, cash-flows, rent rolls and financial statements are reviewed for each loan to determine if it is performing in line with its expectations. This allowance is presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets along with the asset value, as well as presented net and recorded through "Net investment gains (losses)" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For more information on credit losses and the allowance for credit losses for our investment in mortgage loans see Note 2 "Investments." Fair Value of Financial Instruments The fair values of financial instruments presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements are estimates of the fair values at the balance sheet date using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and significant judgment in the interpretation of current market data. For more information on the fair value of financial instruments refer to Note 3 "Fair Value of Financial Instruments". Cash and Cash Equivalents For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash, money market accounts and non-negotiable certificates of deposit with original maturities of three months or less. Cash includes cash on deposit supporting Lloyds business of $31,739. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs ("DAC") DAC represents costs that are directly related to the successful acquisition of new and renewal insurance contracts and incremental direct costs of contract acquisition that are incurred in compensation to employees. Such costs primarily include commissions, premium taxes and certain underwriting and policy issuance costs. Acquisition costs related to property and casualty business are deferred and amortized ratably over the period the related premiums are earned. Deferred acquisition costs are reviewed on a quarterly basis to determine if they are recoverable from remaining unearned premiums, and if not, are charged to expense. To calculate the premium deficiency charge by line of business, we estimate an expected loss and loss settlement expense ratio which is based on our best estimate of future losses for each line of business. The premium deficiency calculation is aggregated by line of business in a manner consistent with how the policies are currently being marketed and managed. Expected losses and loss settlement expenses ratios are the only assumptions we utilize in our premium deficiency calculation. The Company does not consider anticipated investment income in determining if a premium deficiency exists. Adjustments, if necessary, are recorded as a reduction in the DAC asset and as other underwriting expenses in the current period results of operations. Property, Equipment and Depreciation Property and equipment used in operations, including certain costs incurred to develop computer software for internal use, is presented at cost less accumulated depreciation. We periodically review these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the underlying asset may not be recoverable. A loss would be recognized if the estimated fair value of the asset were less than its carrying value. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs on property and equipment are generally expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed primarily by the straight-line method. Intangible Assets Our other intangible assets, which consist of agency relationships, trade names, and state insurance licenses are being amortized by the straight-line method over periods ranging from two years to 15 years, with the exception of state insurance licenses, which are indefinite-lived and not amortized. In 2024, 2023 and 2022 we performed a qualitative impairment assessment of our indefinite lived intangible assets. For more information on intangible assets refer to Note 14 "Intangible Assets." Long Term Debt Debt instruments are carried at the principal amount borrowed, net of any issuance costs. Costs incurred in the issuance of debt are capitalized and amortized over the life of the non-cancellable period of the debt. Interest payments are included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and as Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For more information on long-term debt refer to Note 13 "Debt." Income Taxes We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities and expected benefits of utilizing net operating loss and credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We evaluate the likelihood of realizing the benefit of our deferred tax assets and may record a valuation allowance if, based on all available evidence, we determine that it is more likely than not that some portion of the tax benefit will not be realized. We adjust the valuation allowance if, based on our evaluation, there is a change in the amount of deferred income tax assets that are deemed more-likely-than-not to be realized. The impact on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates and laws, if any, is applied to the years during which temporary differences are expected to be settled and reflected in the financial statements in the period enacted. For more information on income taxes refer to Note 7 "Income Tax". Leases The Company determines if a contract contains a lease at inception of the contract. The Company's inventory of leases consists of operating leases which are recorded as a lease obligation liability within Accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and as a lease right-of-use asset within Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The lease right-of-use asset represents the Company's right to use each underlying asset for the lease term and the lease obligation liability represents the Company's obligation over the lease term. The Company's lease obligation is recorded at the present value of the lease payments based on the term of the applied lease. The collateralized discount rate used to calculate the present value of future minimum lease payments is based, where appropriate, on current industry borrowing rates for financial companies with similar ratings. The Company excludes options to extend or terminate a lease from our recognition as part of our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities until those options are known and/or executed, as the Company typically does not exercise options to purchase the underlying leased asset. As an accounting policy election, the Company has elected the practical expedient of not separating lease components from non-lease components to each major asset class. Short-term leases of 12 months or less are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and lease payments are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income. For more information on leases refer to Note 12 "Lease Commitments." Stock-Based Compensation We currently have two equity compensation plans. One plan allows us to grant restricted and unrestricted stock, stock appreciation rights, incentive stock options, and non-qualified stock options to employees. The other plan allows us to grant restricted and non-qualified stock options to non-employee directors. We utilize the Black-Scholes option pricing method to establish the fair value of non-qualified stock options granted under our equity compensation plans. Our determination of the fair value of stock options on the date of grant using this option-pricing model is affected by our stock price, as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables, which include the expected volatility in our stock price, the expected term of the award, the expected dividends to be paid over the term of the award and the expected risk-free interest rate. Any changes in these assumptions may materially affect the estimated fair value of the award. For our restricted and unrestricted stock awards, we utilize the fair value of our common stock on the date of grant to establish the fair value of the award. Refer to Note 9 "Stock-Based Compensation" for further discussion. Comprehensive Income We report comprehensive income (loss) in accordance with GAAP on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Comprehensive income includes all changes in stockholders' equity during a period except those resulting from investments by and dividends to stockholders. While total comprehensive income (loss) is largely driven by net income (loss) during the period, accumulated other comprehensive income or loss represents the cumulative balance of other comprehensive income, net of tax, as of the balance sheet date. Amounts reclassified to net income relate to the realized gains (losses) on investments and employee benefit costs which are included in Net investment gains (losses) and Other underwriting expenses, respectively, on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Subsequent Events In the preparation of the accompanying financial statements, the Company has evaluated all material subsequent events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date on which the financial statements were issued for potential recognition or disclosure in the Company's financial statements. Beginning in early January 2025, there were a series of severe wildfires that impacted the Pacific Palisades neighborhood and Eaton Canyon area in Southern California. The Company's preliminary pre-tax estimate of catastrophe losses from these wildfires, including assessments from the California FAIR Plan, and net of estimated recoveries from reinsurance, is $7 million to $10 million. The catastrophe losses from these wildfires will be reflected in the Company's first quarter 2025 earnings. Recently Issued Accounting Standards Accounting Standards Adopted in 2024 In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in this update improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expense categories that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") and included in each reported measure of a segment's profit or loss. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements that are currently required annually, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, and contain other disclosure requirements. Further, the amendments require that entities with a single reportable segment must now provide all the disclosures previously required under Topic 280. The amendments in this update are incremental to the current requirements of Topic 280 and do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The enhanced segment disclosure requirements apply retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The significant segment expense and other segment item amounts disclosed in prior periods shall be based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. The amendments in this update are effective for all public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. See Note 10 "Segment Information" in the accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details. Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in this update enhance the transparency of the income tax disclosures by expanding on the disclosures required annually. The amendments require entities to disclose in their rate reconciliation table additional categories of information about federal, state, and foreign income taxes, in addition to providing details about the reconciling items in some categories if above a quantitative threshold. Additionally, the amendments require annual disclosure of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by jurisdiction based on a quantitative threshold. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis, and retrospective application is permitted. We do not expect to early adopt this standard and are in the process of assessing its impact on our disclosures upon adoption. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This update requires public entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements on an interim and annual basis. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect to early adopt this standard and are in the process of assessing its impact on our disclosures upon adoption.

Investments

Investments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Investments	INVESTMENTS Fair Value of Investments The table that follows is a reconciliation of the amortized cost to fair value of investments in available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, presented on a consolidated basis as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. December 31, 2024 Type of Investment Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gain Gross Unrealized Loss Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Value AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE US Treasury and government agencies $ 126,402 $ 153 $ 9,255 $ — $ 117,301 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 252,936 52 5,084 — 247,904 Corporate 728,662 1,354 40,633 — 689,382 Residential mortgage-backed 623,431 864 40,884 — 583,411 Commercial mortgage-backed 102,975 624 44 — 103,554 Other asset-backed 127,125 593 940 — 126,779 Total asset-backed $ 853,531 $ 2,081 $ 41,868 $ — $ 813,744 Total Available-for-Sale $ 1,961,531 $ 3,640 $ 96,840 $ — $ 1,868,331 December 31, 2023 Type of Investment Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gain Gross Unrealized Loss Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Value AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE US Treasury and government agencies $ 153,751 $ 580 $ 8,977 $ — $ 145,354 Foreign government — — — — — States, municipalities and political subdivisions 618,686 1,033 4,960 — 614,759 Corporate 671,618 3,327 44,413 1 630,532 Asset-backed: — Residential mortgage-backed 323,592 1,346 32,911 — 292,027 Commercial mortgage-backed — — — — — Other asset-backed 3,394 524 87 — 3,831 Total asset-backed $ 326,986 $ 1,870 $ 32,998 $ — $ 295,858 Total Available-for-Sale $ 1,771,041 $ 6,810 $ 91,348 $ 1 $ 1,686,503 Maturities The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2024, by contractual maturity, are shown in the following table. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations may be subject to prepayment risk and are therefore not categorized by contractual maturity. Available-For-Sale December 31, 2024 Amortized Cost Fair Value Due in one year or less $ 113,847 $ 113,124 Due after one year through five years 301,844 296,271 Due after five years through 10 years 390,686 364,810 Due after 10 years 301,623 280,382 Asset-backed securities 853,531 813,744 $ 1,961,531 $ 1,868,331 Allowance for Current Expected Credit Loss We regularly review available-for-sale securities for declines in fair value that we determine to be credit-related. For our fixed maturity securities, we generally consider the following in determining whether our unrealized losses are credit-related, and if so, the magnitude of the credit loss: • The extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis; • The reasons for the decline in value (credit event, currency or interest-rate related, including general credit spread widening); • The financial condition of and near-term prospects of the issuer (including issuer's current credit rating and the probability of full recovery of principal based upon the issuer's financial strength); • Current delinquencies and nonperforming assets of underlying collateral; • Expected future default rates; • Collateral value by vintage, geographic region, industry concentration or property type; • Subordination levels or other credit enhancements as of the balance sheet date as compared to origination; and • Contractual and regulatory cash obligations and the issuer's plans to meet such obligations. We recognize an allowance for current expected credit losses on fixed maturity securities in an unrealized loss position when it is determined. Using the factors discussed above, a component of the unrealized loss is related to credit. We recognize the expected credit losses in Net investment gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Income, with an offset for the amount of non-credit impairments recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. We do not measure a credit loss allowance on accrued investment income because we write-off accrued interest through Net investment income when collectability concerns arise. We consider the following in determining whether write-offs of a security's amortized cost are necessary: • We believe amounts related to securities have become uncollectible; • We intend to sell a security; or • It is more likely than not that we will be required to sell a security prior to recovery. If we intend to sell a fixed maturity security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis and the fair value of the security is below amortized cost, we will write down the security to current fair value, with a corresponding charge, net of any amount previously recognized as an allowance for expected credit loss, to Net investment gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. If we do not intend to sell a fixed maturity security or it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell a fixed maturity security before recovery of its amortized cost basis but believe amounts related to a security are uncollectible, an impairment is deemed to have occurred and the amortized cost is written down to the estimated recovery value with a corresponding charge, net of any amount previously recognized as an allowance for expected credit loss, to Net investment gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The remainder of unrealized loss is held in other comprehensive income in the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity. The following table contains a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses for available-for-sale fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2024: Beginning balance, January 1, 2024 $ 1 Additions to the allowance for credit losses for which credit losses were not previously recorded $ — Reductions for securities sold during the period (realized) — Writeoffs charged against the allowance — Recoveries of amounts previously written off (1) Ending balance, December 31, 2024 $ — Unrealized Gain and Loss Changes in unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities do not affect net income and earnings per share but do impact comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and book value per share. A summary of changes in net unrealized investment gain (loss), net of taxes, for 2024, 2023 and 2022, is as follows: 2024 2023 2022 Change in net unrealized investment gain (loss) Available-for-sale fixed maturities $ (6,675) $ 27,091 $ (174,858) Income tax effect 1,402 (5,689) 36,720 Total change in net unrealized investment gain (loss), net of tax $ (5,273) $ 21,402 $ (138,138) The following tables summarize our fixed maturity securities that were in an unrealized loss position reported on a consolidated basis at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The securities are presented by the length of time they have been continuously in an unrealized loss position. December 31, 2024 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Type of Investment Number of Issues Fair Gross Unrealized Number of Issues Fair Gross Unrealized Loss Fair Gross Unrealized Loss AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE US Treasury and government agencies 5 $ 16,006 $ 67 28 $ 83,386 $ 9,188 $ 99,392 $ 9,255 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 67 92,003 1,159 72 135,350 3,925 227,353 5,084 Corporate 73 203,142 4,474 154 370,211 36,159 573,352 40,633 Asset-backed: Residential mortgage-backed 79 318,810 4,549 131 151,879 36,335 470,689 40,884 Commercial mortgage-backed 4 8,198 44 — — — 8,198 44 Other asset-backed 14 32,645 804 2 3,915 136 36,560 940 Total asset-backed 97 $ 359,653 $ 5,397 133 $ 155,794 $ 36,471 $ 515,447 $ 41,868 Total Available-for-Sale 242 $ 670,804 $ 11,097 387 $ 744,741 $ 85,743 $ 1,415,544 $ 96,840 December 31, 2023 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Type of Investment Number of Issues Fair Gross Unrealized Number of Issues Fair Gross Unrealized Loss Fair Gross Unrealized Loss AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE US Treasury and government agencies 5 $ 15,124 $ 60 29 $ 84,092 $ 8,917 $ 99,216 $ 8,977 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 107 207,956 960 87 203,946 4,000 411,902 4,960 Corporate 16 44,381 451 203 483,644 43,962 528,025 44,413 Asset-backed: Residential mortgage-backed 9 17,881 137 139 186,144 32,774 204,025 32,911 Other asset-backed — — — 1 2,962 87 2,962 87 Total asset-backed 9 $ 17,881 $ 137 140 $ 189,106 $ 32,861 $ 206,987 $ 32,998 Total Available-for-Sale 137 $ 285,342 $ 1,608 459 $ 960,788 $ 89,740 $ 1,246,130 $ 91,348 We believe that any unrealized losses on our available-for-sale fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2024 are temporary based upon our current analysis of the issuers of the securities that we hold and current market conditions. We invest in high quality assets to provide protection from future credit quality issues. Non-credit related unrealized losses are recognized as a component of other comprehensive income and represent other market movements that are not credit related, for example, interest rate changes. We have no intent to sell, and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell, these securities until the fair value recovers to at least equal our cost basis or the securities mature. Included in investments at December 31, 2024 and 2023, are securities on deposit with, or available to, various regulatory authorities as required by law and collateral for reinsurance agreements with fair values of $110,335 and $106,297 respectively. Mortgage Loans The mortgage loan portfolio consists entirely of commercial mortgage loans. The following tables present the carrying value of our commercial mortgage loans at December 31, 2024 and 2023: Commercial Mortgage Loans Loan-to-value December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Less than 65% $ 32,499 36,762 65%-75% 8,468 8,659 Total mortgage loans, gross of valuation allowance $ 40,967 $ 45,421 Valuation allowance (45) (55) Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance $ 40,922 $ 45,366 Mortgage Loans by Region December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Carrying Value Percent of Total Carrying Value Percent of Total U.S. Region East North Central $ 3,218 7.9 % $ 3,245 7.1 % Southern Atlantic 17,021 41.4 17,217 37.9 East South Central 7,257 17.7 7,526 16.6 New England 6,588 16.1 6,588 14.5 Middle Atlantic 2,078 5.1 5,979 13.2 Mountain 1,992 4.9 1,992 4.4 West North Central 2,813 6.9 2,874 6.3 Total mortgage loans at amortized cost $ 40,967 100.0 % $ 45,421 100.0 % Mortgage Loans by Property Type December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Carrying Value Percent of Total Carrying Value Percent of Total Property Type Multifamily $ 8,362 20.4 % $ 8,507 18.7 % Office 10,615 25.9 10,950 24.1 Industrial 9,912 24.2 9,985 22.0 Retail 10,000 24.4 10,000 22.0 Mixed use/Other 2,078 5.1 5,979 13.2 Total mortgage loans at amortized cost $ 40,967 100.0 % $ 45,421 100.0 % Mortgage loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for impairment on an individual basis through a monitoring process and review of key credit indicators, such as economic trends, delinquency rates, property valuations, occupancy and rental rates and loan-to-value ratios. A loan is considered impaired when the Company believes it will not collect the contractual principal and interest set forth in the contractual terms of the loan. An internal grade is assigned to each mortgage loan, with a grade of 1 being the highest and least likely for an impairment and the lowest rating of 7 being the most likely for an impairment. An allowance for mortgage loan losses is established on each loan recognizing a loss for amounts which we believe will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the respective loan agreement. Amortized Cost Basis by Year of Origination and Credit Quality Indicator 2023 2022 2020 2019 2018 Total Risk Rating 1-2 internal grade $ 8,134 $ 98 $ 5,144 $ 7,737 $ 13,266 $ 34,379 3-4 internal grade — — — — 6,588 6,588 5 internal grade — — — — — — 6 internal grade — — — — — — 7 internal grade — — — — — — Total commercial mortgage loans $ 8,134 $ 98 $ 5,144 $ 7,737 $ 19,854 $ 40,967 Current-period write-offs — — — — — — Current-period recoveries — — — — — — Current-period net write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — As of December 31, 2024, all loan receivables were current, with no delinquencies. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had an allowance for mortgage loan losses of $45, summarized in the following rollforward: Beginning balance, January 1, 2024 $ 55 Current-period provision for expected credit losses — Write-off charged against the allowance, if any — Recoveries of amounts previously written off, if any (10) Ending balance, December 31, 2024 $ 45 Commercial mortgage loans carrying value excludes accrued interest of $157. Net Investment Gains and Losses Details of net investment gains (losses) reported on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income were as follows: 2024 2023 2022 Fixed maturity, available-for-sale securities: Net realized gains (losses) on fixed maturity, available-for-sale securities $ (7,274) $ (442) $ (1,397) Change in allowance for credit losses 1 1 (3) Equity securities: Net realized gains (losses) on equity securities sold 1,362 150 (1,767) Unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities still held at reporting date — 1,842 (12,802) Net gains (losses) recognized on equity securities 1,362 1,992 (14,569) Net realized gains (losses) on mortgage loans 10 (5) 109 Net realized gains (losses) on other long-term assets 472 (319) (267) Net realized gains (losses) on real estate — 47 235 Total net investment gains (losses) $ (5,429) $ 1,274 $ (15,892) The proceeds and gross realized gains (losses) on the sale of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows: 2024 2023 2022 Proceeds from sales $ 491,771 $ 77,388 $ 83,559 Gross realized gains 2,127 265 459 Gross realized losses 9,401 707 1,857 Net Investment Income Net investment income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, is comprised of the following: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Investment income: Interest on fixed maturities $ 69,703 $ 56,243 $ 48,702 Dividends on equity securities 341 3,548 5,163 Income on other long-term investments Investment income 6,492 2,833 4,742 Change in value (1) 1,447 (2,864) (7,930) Interest on mortgage loans 1,852 1,889 1,897 Interest on short-term investments 3,048 1,068 354 Interest on cash and cash equivalents 5,045 2,228 740 Other 5,006 4,139 780 Total investment income $ 92,934 $ 69,084 $ 54,448 Less investment expenses 10,948 9,478 9,516 Net investment income $ 81,986 $ 59,606 $ 44,932 (1) Represents the change in value of our interests in limited liability partnerships that are recorded on the equity method of accounting. Funding Commitments Pursuant to agreements related to our limited liability partnership investments, we are contractually committed through 2030 to make capital contributions upon request of the partnerships. The timing of these additional contributions is unknown and based upon the timing of when investments and agreements are executed or signed compared to when the actual commitments are funded or closed. Our remaining potential contractual obligation w as $23.1 million at December 31, 2024.

Fair Value of Financial Instrum

Fair Value of Financial Instruments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Current accounting guidance on fair value measurements includes the application of a fair value hierarchy that requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Our financial instruments that are recorded at fair value are categorized into a three-level hierarchy, which is based upon the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (i.e., Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (i.e., Level 3). Financial instruments recorded at fair value are categorized in the fair value hierarchy as follows: • Level 1 : Valuations are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical financial instruments in active markets that we have the ability to access at the measurement date. • Level 2 : Valuations are based on quoted prices for similar financial instruments in active markets, in markets that are not active or on inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly for the full term of the financial instrument. • Level 3 : Valuations are based on pricing or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement of the financial instrument. Such inputs may reflect management's own assumptions about the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the financial instrument. If the inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the category level is based on the lowest priority level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the financial instrument. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the investment. We review our fair value hierarchy categorizations on a quarterly basis at which time the classification of certain financial instruments may change if the input observations have changed. Transfers between levels, if any, are recorded as of the beginning of the reporting period. When a determination is made to classify an asset or liability within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the determination is based upon the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement. Because certain securities trade in less liquid or illiquid markets with limited or no pricing information, the determination of fair value for these securities is inherently more difficult. In addition to the unobservable inputs, Level 3 fair value investments may include observable components, which are components that are actively quoted or can be validated to market-based sources. The following tables present the categorization for our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2024 and 2023: December 31, 2024 Fair Value Measurements Description Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale: US Treasury and government agencies $ 117,301 $ 30,914 $ 86,387 $ — States, municipalities and political subdivisions 247,904 — 247,904 — Corporate 689,382 689,382 — Residential mortgage-backed 583,411 — 583,411 — Commercial mortgage-backed 103,554 — 103,554 — Asset-backed securities 126,779 126,779 — Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale 1,868,331 30,914 1,837,417 — Short-Term Investments 100 100 — — Money Market Accounts 23,098 23,098 — — Corporate-Owned Life Insurance 13,003 — 13,003 — Total Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value $ 1,904,532 $ 54,112 $ 1,850,420 $ — December 31, 2023 Fair Value Measurements Description Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale: US Treasury and government agencies $ 145,354 $ 50,861 $ 94,493 $ — States, municipalities and political subdivisions 614,759 — 614,759 — Corporate 630,532 — 625,640 4,892 Residential mortgage-backed 292,027 — 287,204 4,823 Asset-backed securities 3,831 — 2,962 869 Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale 1,686,503 50,861 1,625,058 10,584 Equity Securities Public utilities 3,993 3,993 — — Energy 9,477 9,477 — — Industrials 14,164 14,164 — — Consumer goods and services 11,385 11,385 — — Health care 2,060 2,060 — — Technology, media and telecommunications 6,405 6,405 — — Financial services 7,535 7,535 — — Total Equity Securities 55,019 55,019 — — Short-Term Investments 100 100 — — Money Market Accounts 20,333 20,333 — — Corporate-Owned Life Insurance 11,913 — 11,913 — Total Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value $ 1,773,868 $ 126,313 $ 1,636,971 $ 10,584 The Company receives updated pricing information from a third-party on a monthly basis to determine the fair value for the majority of our investments. The third party obtains pricing information from independent pricing services and brokers on a monthly basis and validates for reasonableness prior to use for reporting purposes. At least annually, we review the methodologies and assumptions used by our third-party and verify they are reasonable and representative of the fair value of the underlying securities held in the investment portfolio. In our opinion, the pricing information obtained as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was reasonable. We use quoted market prices when available to determine the fair value of fixed maturities, equity securities and short-term investments. When quoted market prices do not exist, we base estimates of fair value on market information obtained from our third-party. Such inputs may reflect management's own assumptions about the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the financial instrument. The most appropriate valuation methodology is selected based on the specific characteristics of the fixed maturity, equity security or short-term investment and we consistently apply the valuation methodology to measure the security's fair value. The fair value of securities categorized as Level 1 is based on quoted market prices that are readily and regularly available. We use a market-based approach for valuing all of our Level 2 securities and submit them primarily to a third-party valuation service provider. Any of these securities not valued by the third-party valuation service provider are submitted to another third-party valuation service provider. Both service providers use a market approach to find pricing of similar financial instruments. The market inputs our service providers normally use to value our securities include the following, listed in approximate order of priority: benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers, and reference data including market research publications. The method and inputs for securities classified as Level 2 are the same regardless of industry category, credit quality, duration, geographical concentration or economic characteristics. For our mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and asset-backed securities, our service providers use additional market inputs to value these securities, including the following: new issue data, periodic payment information, monthly payment information, collateral performance and real estate analysis from third parties. Our service providers prioritize inputs based on market conditions, and not all inputs listed are available for use in the valuation process for each security on any given day. Securities categorized as Level 3 include holdings in certain fixed maturity securities for which an active market does not currently exist. The fair value of our Level 3 securities is determined by unobservable inputs reflecting assumptions market participants would use, including assumptions about risk. There is inherent uncertainty of the fair value measurement of Level 3 securities due to the use of significant unobservable inputs. A change in significant unobservable inputs may result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement as of the reporting date. The Company formed a rabbi trust in 2014 to fund obligations under the UF&C Supplemental Executive Retirement and Deferral Plan (the "Executive Retirement Plan"). Within the rabbi trust, corporate-owned life insurance ("COLI") policies are utilized as an investment vehicle and source of funding for the Company's Executive Retirement Plan. The COLI policies invest in mutual funds, which are priced daily by independent sources. The cash surrender value of the COLI policies is equal to the fair value measured using Level 2 inputs, based on the underlying assets of the COLI policies, and is included in the "Other assets" line in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For each of the twelve-month periods ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the change in our available-for-sale securities categorized as Level 1 and Level 2 was the result of investment purchases that were made using funds held in our money market accounts, disposals, funds from debt issuance proceeds, and the change in unrealized gains. The fair value of financial instruments that are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized below: December 31, 2024 Description Fair Value Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Net Asset Value Financial assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 177,851 $ 177,851 $ — $ — $ — Other Long Term Investments (1) 183,741 — 1,277 — 182,464 Mortgage Loans 38,879 — — 38,879 — Total $ 400,471 $ 177,851 $ 1,277 $ 38,879 $ 182,464 Financial Liabilities: Long Term Debt 108,353 — 108,353 — — Total $ 108,353 $ — $ 108,353 $ — $ — (1) As a member of Lloyd's, the Company participates in the Syndicate results which include the fair value of the investments. As of December 31, 2024, these investments are included in other long-term investments. The fair value of Lloyd's syndicate investments included in other long-term investments was $82.2 million as of December 31, 2024. Also included in our other long term investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets is our interest in limited liability partnerships with a current fair value of $100.3 million at December 31, 2024. December 31, 2023 Description Fair Value Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Net Asset Value Financial assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 81,713 $ 81,713 $ — $ — $ — Other Long Term Investments 99,507 — 1,249 — 98,258 Mortgage Loans 42,632 — — 42,632 — Total $ 223,852 $ 81,713 $ 1,249 $ 42,632 $ 98,258 Financial Liabilities: Long Term Debt 38,413 — — 38,413 — Total $ 38,413 $ — $ — $ 38,413 $ — For cash and cash equivalents and accrued investment income, carrying value is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. Our other long-term investments consist primarily of our interests in limited liability partnerships that are recorded on the equity method of accounting. The fair value of the partnerships is obtained from the fund managers, which is based on the fair value of the underlying investments held in the partnerships. In management's opinion, these values represent a reasonable estimate of fair value. We have not adjusted the net asset value provided by the fund managers. The fair value of our mortgage loans is determined by modeling performed by our third-party fund manager based on the stated principal and coupon payments provided for in the loan agreements. These cash flows are then discounted using an appropriate risk-adjusted discount rate to determine the security's fair value. The fair value of our long-term debt is estimated using Level 2 inputs based on quoted prices for similar financial instruments. The fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis. The following tables summarize changes to the Company's financial instruments carried at fair value and classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The gains and losses below may include changes in fair value due in part to observable inputs that are a component of the valuation methodology. Year ended December 31, 2024 Corporate bonds Asset-backed securities Total Beginning Balance - January 1, 2024 $ 4,892 $ 5,692 $ 10,584 Realized gains (loss) (1) — — — Unrealized gains (losses) (1) — (869) (869) Purchases — — — Disposals — — — Amortization — — — Transfers in — — — Transfers out (4,892) (4,823) (9,715) Ending Balance - December 31, 2024 $ — $ — $ — (1) Unrealized gains (losses) are recorded as a component of comprehensive income. Year ended December 31, 2023 Corporate bonds Asset-backed securities Total Beginning Balance - January 1, 2023 $ 5,675 $ 801 $ 6,476 Realized gains (losses) (1) — — — Unrealized gains (losses) (1) (783) 68 (715) Purchases — — — Disposals — — — Amortization — — — Transfers in — 4,823 4,823 Transfers out — — — Ending Balance - December 31, 2023 $ 4,892 $ 5,692 $ 10,584 (1) Unrealized gains (losses) are recorded as a component of comprehensive income. During the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were two securities transferred out of Level 3 and one security transferred into Level 3, respectively.

Reinsurance

Reinsurance	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]
Reinsurance	REINSURANCE We account for premiums, written and earned, and losses and loss settlement expenses incurred net of reinsurance ceded. The ceding of insurance does not legally discharge us from primary liability under our policies, and we must pay the loss if the reinsurer fails to meet its obligation. We also assume both property and casualty insurance from other insurance or reinsurance companies. We do not engage in any reinsurance transactions classified as finite risk reinsurance. The effects of reinsurance on net written premiums, earned premiums and loss and loss settlement expenses are presented in the following table: Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Written premiums (1) : Direct 1,177,511 1,061,358 946,169 Assumed 217,904 159,335 137,786 Ceded (163,945) (153,792) (99,732) Net written premiums 1,231,470 1,066,901 984,223 Earned premiums: Direct 1,109,903 1,017,917 941,998 Assumed 214,043 161,628 111,283 Ceded (147,196) (144,958) (101,740) Net earned premiums 1,176,750 1,034,587 951,541 Loss and loss settlement expenses: Direct 641,410 763,609 655,775 Assumed 155,022 102,408 70,628 Ceded (51,827) (96,603) (89,102) Net loss and loss settlement expense 744,605 769,414 637,301 (1) See Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for definition of Net written premiums. We periodically monitor the financial condition of our reinsurers to confirm that they are financially stable. We believe all of our reinsurers are in an acceptable financial condition and there were no reinsurance balances at December 31, 2024 for which collection is at risk that would result in a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. The amount of reinsurance recoverable on paid losses totaled $20,811 and $31,725 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The following table provides a roll forward of the allowance for credit losses in our reinsurance recoverable balance at December 31, 2024: Rollforward of Credit Loss Allowance for Reinsurance Receivable As of December 31, 2024 Beginning balance, January 1, 2024 $ 97 Current-period provision for expected credit losses 6 Ending balance of the allowance for reinsurance receivable, December 31, 2024 $ 103 Ceded Reinsurance Programs and Retentions We elect to cede parts of our business into various treaties, which allows us to increase our underwriting capacity, manage our risk profile, and protect us from a single large event, series of events, or a catastrophic event. The majority of our treaties are excess of loss, meaning we retain a portion of the loss prior to ceding to reinsurers. We place some treaties on a proportional basis, meaning we cede a portion of losses beginning with the first dollar of loss. Through each of our treaties, we cede a portion of each risk in exchange for a portion of the premium on those policies. Our treaties cover us from individual risk losses as well as a loss to more than one risk. We generally work with reinsurance brokers to facilitate our reinsurance treaty procurement. We have several programs that provide reinsurance coverage. The following tables provide a summary of our primary reinsurance programs. Retention amounts reflect the accumulated retentions and co-participation of all layers within a program. Reinsurance coverage limits the risk of loss that we retain by reinsuring direct risks in excess of our retention limits. New reinsurance programs beginning in 2024 include the property semi-automatic quota share. We also transitioned our Earthquake Delegate Underwriting Authority ("DUA") quota share into an excess of loss treaty. New reinsurance programs beginning in 2023 include our marine liability quota share and our specialty variable quota share. For 2022 we decided not to renew the all lines aggregate excess loss program. In its place we added the pillared occurrence program. Another new program for 2022 was the addition of the earthquake quota share program. 2024 Reinsurance Programs Type of Reinsurance Stated Retention Exhaustion Point Placement and Limit Casualty Excess of Loss $ 3,000 $ 60,000 100 % of $ 57,000 Property Excess of Loss 3,000 25,000 100 % of $ 22,000 Property Semi-automatic Quota Share 25,000 50,000 100 % of $ 25,000 Surety Excess of Loss 5,000 50,000 100 % of $ 45,000 Marine Liability DUA Quota Share N/A 10,000 70 % of $ 10,000 Professional Liability DUA Quota Share N/A 5,000 55 % of $ 5,000 Specialty Casualty Variable Quota Share N/A 10,000 50 % of $ 10,000 Property Catastrophe Excess of Loss 20,000 130,000 100 % of $ 110,000 Earthquake DUA Catastrophe Excess of Loss 10,000 170,000 100 % of $ 160,000 Cyber Quota Share N/A 1,000 100 % of $ 1,000 Boiler and Machinery Quota Share N/A 100,000 100 % of $ 100,000 Pillar Occurrence Excess of Loss 5,000 15,000 42 % of $ 10,000 2023 Reinsurance Programs Type of Reinsurance Stated Retention Ground Up Limits Coverage Casualty Excess of Loss $ 3,000 $ 60,000 100 % of $ 57,000 Property Excess of Loss 3,000 25,000 100 % of $ 22,000 Surety Excess of Loss 2,000 50,000 100 % of $ 48,000 Marine Liability DUA Quota Share N/A 5,000 70 % of $ 5,000 Professional Liability DUA Quota Share N/A 5,000 70 % of $ 5,000 Specialty Casualty Variable Quota Share N/A 5,000 70 % of $ 5,000 Property Catastrophe Excess of Loss 20,000 200,000 100 % of $ 163,150 Cyber Quota Share N/A 1,000 100 % of $ 1,000 Boiler and Machinery Quota Share N/A 100,000 100 % of $ 100,000 Pillar Occurrence Excess of Loss 6,000 16,000 90 % of $ 10,000 Earthquake DUA Quota Share N/A 170,000 100 % of $ 56,525 2022 Reinsurance Programs Type of Reinsurance Stated Retention Ground Up Limits Coverage Casualty Excess of Loss $ 3,000 $ 60,000 100 % of $ 57,000 Property Excess of Loss 3,000 25,000 100 % of $ 22,000 Surety Excess of Loss 1,500 45,000 100 % of $ 43,500 Professional Liability DUA Quota Share N/A 5,000 70 % of $ 5,000 Property Catastrophe Excess of Loss 15,000 180,000 100 % of $ 162,075 Cyber Quota Share N/A 1,000 100 % of $ 1,000 Boiler and Machinery Quota Share N/A 100,000 100 % of $ 100,000 Pillar Occurrence Excess of Loss 5,000 15,000 66.5 % of $ 10,000 Earthquake DUA Quota Share N/A 180,000 100 % of $ 72,000 If we incur property catastrophe losses and loss settlement expenses that exceed the retention, our property catastrophe program provides one guaranteed reinstatement. In such an instance, we are required to pay the reinsurers a reinstatement premium equal to the full amount of the original premium, which will reinstate the full amount of reinsurance available under the property catastrophe program.

Reserves for Losses and Loss Se

Reserves for Losses and Loss Settlement Expenses	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Insurance Loss Reserves [Abstract]
Reserves for Losses and Loss Settlement Expenses	RESERVES FOR LOSSES AND LOSS SETTLEMENT EXPENSES Property insurance indemnifies an insured with an interest in physical property for loss of, or damage to, such property or the loss of its income-producing abilities. Casualty insurance is primarily concerned with losses caused by injuries to persons and legal liability imposed on the insured for such injury or for damage to property of others. In most cases, casualty insurance also obligates the insurance company to provide a defense for the insured in litigation, arising out of events covered by the policy. Liabilities for losses and loss settlement expenses reflect management's best estimates at a given point in time of what we expect to pay for claims that have been reported and those that have been incurred but not reported ("IBNR"), based on known facts, circumstances, and historical trends. Because property and casualty insurance reserves are estimates of the unpaid portions of incurred losses that have been reported to us, as well as losses that have been incurred but not reported, the establishment of appropriate reserves, including reserves for catastrophes, is an inherently uncertain and complex process. The ultimate cost of losses and related loss settlement expenses may vary materially from recorded amounts. We regularly update our reserve estimates as new information becomes available and as events unfold that may affect the resolution of unsettled claims. Changes in prior year reserve estimates, which may be material, are reported as a component of losses and loss settlement expenses incurred in the period such changes are determined. The determination of reserves (particularly those relating to liability lines of insurance that have relatively longer lag in claim reporting) requires significant estimates to reasonably project expected future claim reporting and payment patterns. If, during the course of our regular monitoring of reserves, we determine that coverages previously written are incurring higher than expected losses, we will evaluate an appropriate response that may include, among other things, increasing the related reserves. Any adjustments we make to reserves are reflected in operating results in the year in which we make those adjustments. In addition to our internal process, we engage a third-party firm to provide an independent and unbiased assessment of our reserves to assist in establishing appropriate reserves. On a quarterly basis, we perform a detailed review of IBNR reserves. There are two fundamental types or sources of IBNR reserves. We record IBNR reserves for "normal" types of claims and also specific IBNR reserves related to unique circumstances or events. A major hurricane is an example of an event that might necessitate establishing specific IBNR reserves because an analysis of existing historical data would not provide an appropriate estimate. We do not discount loss reserves based on the time value of money. The following table provides an analysis of changes in our property and casualty losses and loss settlement expense reserves for 2024, 2023 and 2022 (net of reinsurance amounts): Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Gross liability for losses and loss settlement expenses $ 1,638,755 $ 1,497,274 $ 1,514,265 Ceded losses and loss settlement expenses (191,640) (146,875) (112,900) Net liability for losses and loss settlement expenses $ 1,447,115 $ 1,350,399 $ 1,401,365 Losses and loss settlement expenses incurred Current year $ 745,813 $ 701,664 $ 624,411 Prior years (1,208) 67,750 12,890 Total incurred $ 744,605 $ 769,414 $ 637,301 Losses and loss settlement expense payments Current year $ 186,322 $ 191,899 $ 215,891 Prior years 406,699 480,800 472,377 Total paid $ 593,021 $ 672,699 $ 688,268 Net liability for losses and loss settlement expenses $ 1,598,699 $ 1,447,115 $ 1,350,399 Ceded losses and loss settlement expenses 198,083 191,640 146,875 Gross liability for losses and loss settlement expenses $ 1,796,782 $ 1,638,755 $ 1,497,274 Generally, we base case reserves for each claim on the estimated ultimate exposure for that claim. However, due to the uncertainty associated with the ultimate claim settlement values and additional claims not yet reported, we believe that it is appropriate and reasonable to establish a best estimate for reserves within a range of reasonable estimates, especially when we are reserving for claims for bodily injury, disabilities and similar claims, for which settlements and verdicts can vary widely. We believe our approach produces recorded reserves that are consistent as to their relative position within a range of reasonable reserves from year-to-year. However, conditions and trends that have affected the reserve development for a given year do change. Therefore, such development cannot be used to project future reserve redundancies or deficiencies. Our IBNR methodologies and assumptions are reviewed periodically for appropriateness and reasonability. Items reviewed and revised include development factors for paid and reported loss, paid development factors for allocated LAE, expected loss and LAE ratios, as well as selected frequency and severity trend factors. Because of the type of property coverage we write, we have potential exposure to environmental pollution, mold and asbestos claims. Our underwriters are aware of these exposures and use riders or endorsements to limit exposure. We are not aware of any significant contingent liabilities related to environmental issues. Reserve Development Prior year development improved over 2023 with neutral development recorded in 2024 as favorable results in several lines were offset by increases in other liability reserves exposed to potential future uncertainty associated with social inflation influences prevalent across the industry. The adverse prior year development for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2023 included a significant contribution to reserves in second quarter related to excess casualty exposures and other liability lines. The significant drivers of the adverse reserve development in 2023 were the commercial other liability and commercial automobile lines of business. The adverse development in commercial other liability was primarily in our excess and surplus lines excess casualty book along with some adverse development in standard umbrella and construction defect due to increasing severity pressures. The increases on these longer tailed lines, especially in accident years 2016-2019, related to social and economic inflation. The commercial automobile line of business also experienced adverse development related to increasing severity largely in post-COVID-19 accident years. The remaining lines experienced small amounts of reserve development. The significant drivers of the adverse reserve development in 2022 were commercial other liability and commercial fire and allied lines. This was offset partially by favorable development in commercial automobile, workers' compensation and fidelity and surety. Commercial other liability experienced adverse development as emerging claim experience and deeper data insights during 2022 pointed to an increase in loss exposure on these longer tailed businesses driven in part by social and economic inflation. Commercial fire and allied developed adversely driven by catastrophe losses and increased severity on non-catastrophe claims. The favorable development for commercial automobile was from both loss and LAE where reductions of reserves for unpaid liabilities were more than sufficient to offset actual paid loss and paid LAE reductions in reserves for IBNR claims also contributed favorable development in addition to LAE where reductions in reserves were more than sufficient to offset payments. The following tables provide information about incurred and paid losses and loss settlement expense development as of December 31, 2024, net of reinsurance, as well as cumulative development, cumulative claim frequency and IBNR liabilities. The cumulative number of reported claims, for calendar years 2024, 2023 and 2022, are counted for all lines of business on a per claimant per coverage basis and a single event may result in multiple claims due to the involvement of multiple individual claimants and/or multiple independent coverages. Claim counts for calendar years 2016 and prior are counted on a per claim and per coverage basis. Claim counts include open claims, claims that have been paid and closed, and reported claims that have been closed without the need for any payment. Line of business: Commercial other liability Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance As of December 31, 2024 For the years ended December 31, Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims Cumulative development Cumulative number of reported claims Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 137,385 $ 125,307 $ 120,005 $ 127,091 $ 129,945 $ 131,325 $ 132,694 $ 136,161 $ 137,040 $ 138,091 $ 5,018 706 8,130 2016 139,144 130,041 136,275 142,397 140,784 148,324 153,490 159,284 164,989 9,335 25,845 10,013 2017 139,602 139,032 152,547 156,369 159,653 173,091 174,013 176,073 13,194 36,471 9,482 2018 163,059 172,894 176,496 187,841 197,696 207,501 213,536 21,040 50,477 9,293 2019 149,173 169,344 183,918 179,667 186,205 187,539 26,006 38,366 8,745 2020 171,013 158,022 162,471 179,080 181,687 38,560 10,674 6,579 2021 145,822 162,359 162,879 176,770 53,324 30,949 3,646 2022 161,826 175,579 181,924 64,502 20,097 3,232 2023 172,398 173,529 84,919 1,132 2,671 2024 215,235 173,740 1,722 Total $ 1,809,372 Line of business: Commercial other liability Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance For the years ended December 31, Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 11,185 $ 27,182 $ 53,901 $ 74,292 $ 96,339 $ 104,472 $ 109,540 $ 117,734 $ 126,364 $ 129,638 2016 13,782 38,184 63,526 88,885 102,757 115,107 126,561 136,400 141,445 2017 17,716 43,172 70,500 91,984 111,085 128,430 138,127 148,295 2018 16,200 44,772 79,168 105,515 130,942 158,851 179,469 2019 18,221 46,986 72,179 102,510 127,650 138,236 2020 17,011 43,596 60,114 98,592 110,931 2021 12,434 33,642 59,278 90,607 2022 10,468 42,168 69,896 2023 9,335 41,847 2024 10,732 Total $ 1,061,095 All outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses before 2015, net of reinsurance 16,838 Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance $ 765,115 Line of business: Commercial fire and allied Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance As of December 31, 2024 For the years ended December 31, Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims Cumulative development Cumulative number of reported claims Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 103,177 $ 108,293 $ 110,633 $ 108,235 $ 105,218 $ 104,646 $ 105,043 $ 104,978 $ 105,385 $ 105,451 $ 660 2,274 7,603 2016 147,473 144,208 143,721 143,724 143,108 144,109 145,351 142,644 142,814 639 (4,659) 9,883 2017 155,139 160,240 160,945 161,693 161,232 161,456 161,611 161,051 477 5,912 13,533 2018 143,280 146,950 146,378 146,010 147,356 147,058 147,085 709 3,805 10,799 2019 164,030 155,482 158,475 157,667 155,850 155,114 660 (8,916) 11,233 2020 207,207 201,391 202,929 207,256 209,588 1,710 2,381 14,666 2021 156,794 169,669 157,905 157,534 (15,185) 740 5,367 2022 161,776 170,594 171,958 12,470 10,182 4,294 2023 164,526 147,904 22,624 (16,622) 3,569 2024 124,467 49,233 2,499 Total $ 1,522,966 Line of business: Commercial fire and allied Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance For the years ended December 31, Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 67,217 $ 90,454 $ 95,515 $ 101,367 $ 104,115 $ 103,975 $ 104,127 $ 104,339 $ 104,638 $ 104,699 2016 92,895 125,962 132,429 137,907 139,353 141,104 142,248 141,008 142,038 2017 99,484 137,058 145,900 152,219 157,512 159,286 159,456 160,487 2018 92,770 123,559 133,703 137,794 141,841 145,021 145,954 2019 100,980 136,084 142,342 150,196 151,739 153,893 2020 128,704 173,055 192,902 197,602 205,357 2021 97,451 140,406 154,242 161,705 2022 96,160 138,479 150,710 2023 75,304 106,083 2024 58,228 Total $ 1,389,153 All outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses before 2015, net of reinsurance 1,439 Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance $ 135,251 Line of business: Commercial automobile Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance As of December 31, 2024 For the years ended December 31, Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims Cumulative development Cumulative number of reported claims Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 125,506 $ 129,816 $ 132,206 $ 138,987 $ 137,395 $ 137,335 $ 136,826 $ 137,240 $ 137,934 $ 137,390 $ (2) 11,884 20,091 2016 174,018 175,357 174,337 175,655 173,823 174,588 175,016 175,387 173,858 67 (160) 27,310 2017 227,919 224,553 235,110 233,159 233,007 233,535 234,229 231,093 450 3,174 32,910 2018 236,629 245,173 253,045 255,017 255,409 255,198 252,642 1,570 16,013 34,495 2019 279,229 291,139 289,929 282,155 282,680 276,095 2,143 (3,134) 34,773 2020 243,360 216,951 196,412 194,162 188,556 2,396 (54,804) 24,218 2021 179,880 172,599 173,708 169,172 4,856 (10,708) 12,371 2022 157,165 161,672 160,303 14,521 3,138 10,220 2023 153,502 146,433 22,329 (7,069) 9,478 2024 156,028 51,335 7,871 Total $ 1,891,571 Line of business: Commercial automobile Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance For the years ended December 31, Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 50,782 $ 78,225 $ 99,201 $ 118,395 $ 129,317 $ 134,100 $ 135,462 $ 137,075 $ 137,085 $ 137,116 2016 66,013 103,528 128,156 148,224 164,341 168,950 171,380 172,928 173,661 2017 81,311 126,644 166,170 197,893 212,947 223,076 228,749 228,129 2018 81,572 138,092 187,405 211,123 235,519 244,284 249,009 2019 91,919 153,244 205,614 246,800 264,151 268,355 2020 67,660 109,686 138,158 161,798 174,175 2021 64,381 99,116 128,283 146,436 2022 62,477 95,785 124,853 2023 56,175 85,483 2024 51,283 Total $ 1,638,501 All outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses before 2015, net of reinsurance 48 Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance $ 253,119 Line of business: Workers' compensation Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance As of December 31, 2024 For the years ended December 31, Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims Cumulative development Cumulative number of reported claims Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 53,788 $ 55,578 $ 51,003 $ 46,682 $ 46,019 $ 44,706 $ 43,751 $ 43,209 $ 43,654 $ 43,781 $ 1,181 (10,007) 5,686 2016 70,419 66,575 61,648 55,168 53,964 52,870 53,090 53,617 53,574 1,117 (16,845) 7,988 2017 76,184 69,528 55,982 51,874 49,362 47,801 48,074 47,943 1,398 (28,241) 8,226 2018 71,972 67,883 59,192 56,109 53,812 54,783 54,238 1,438 (17,734) 8,068 2019 52,136 49,189 49,336 48,945 49,084 49,807 (611) (2,329) 7,426 2020 45,365 46,612 43,724 46,624 45,524 (329) 159 4,603 2021 45,177 42,283 39,649 40,287 (1,050) (4,890) 1,897 2022 29,597 26,721 27,398 1,794 (2,199) 1,385 2023 29,262 28,742 3,302 (520) 1,174 2024 32,202 6,981 1,233 Total $ 423,496 Line of business: Workers' compensation Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance For the years ended December 31, Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 12,063 $ 27,304 $ 35,229 $ 38,424 $ 39,305 $ 40,034 $ 41,006 $ 41,211 $ 41,865 $ 41,978 2016 14,413 32,345 40,680 45,743 47,082 48,277 50,127 51,023 51,126 2017 14,647 31,309 38,083 41,672 43,833 45,508 45,742 46,154 2018 16,949 35,369 43,189 47,173 48,807 49,964 50,031 2019 13,582 29,668 38,382 43,044 46,101 47,308 2020 17,603 29,605 35,542 39,479 42,052 2021 17,949 29,453 34,074 36,512 2022 9,434 17,851 21,033 2023 10,227 18,085 2024 10,277 Total $ 364,556 All outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses before 2015, net of reinsurance 15,978 Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance $ 74,918 Line of business: Personal Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance As of December 31, 2024 For the years ended December 31, Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims Cumulative development Cumulative number of reported claims Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 42,847 $ 41,088 $ 40,336 $ 40,368 $ 40,220 $ 40,194 $ 40,189 $ 40,190 $ 40,191 $ 40,058 $ 5 (2,789) 9,553 2016 48,072 45,840 45,379 45,961 45,113 45,297 45,199 45,179 45,185 26 (2,887) 11,905 2017 60,330 59,342 58,695 58,544 59,023 58,790 58,863 58,788 191 (1,542) 14,717 2018 51,639 51,721 52,715 52,062 51,457 51,115 51,216 113 (423) 13,691 2019 59,548 58,378 58,745 57,929 57,630 57,559 98 (1,989) 13,613 2020 81,206 73,761 73,204 72,531 72,174 472 (9,032) 17,123 2021 28,537 26,489 26,372 26,338 165 (2,199) 2,592 2022 1,493 2,287 3,127 195 1,634 64 2023 2,391 2,374 (1,535) (17) 11 2024 8,648 7,452 2 Total $ 365,466 Line of business: Personal Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance For the years ended December 31, Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 29,551 $ 37,431 $ 39,027 $ 39,428 $ 39,865 $ 40,029 $ 40,053 $ 40,053 $ 40,053 $ 40,053 2016 32,999 40,910 42,660 44,046 44,618 44,737 44,828 44,827 45,159 2017 42,135 53,111 55,982 57,169 57,824 58,206 58,377 58,597 2018 37,410 47,433 49,464 50,185 50,661 50,852 51,101 2019 40,544 52,390 54,935 56,658 56,852 56,971 2020 54,181 68,124 70,543 71,416 71,394 2021 20,298 23,829 24,889 25,764 2022 551 2,128 2,792 2023 297 3,089 2024 617 Total $ 355,538 All outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses before 2015, net of reinsurance 237 Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance $ 10,165 The reconciliation of the net incurred and loss development tables to the liability for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses in the consolidated statement of financial position is as follows: December 31, 2024 Net outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses: Commercial other liability $ 765,115 Commercial fire and allied 135,251 Commercial automobile 253,119 Commercial workers' compensation 74,918 Personal 10,165 All other lines 261,971 Net outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses 1,500,539 Net outstanding liabilities for unpaid unallocated loss settlement expenses 97,960 Fair value adjustment (purchase accounting adjustment for Mercer acquisition) 200 Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance 1,598,699 Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses: Commercial other liability 91,561 Commercial fire and allied 5,706 Commercial automobile 57 Commercial workers' compensation 30,124 Personal 72 All other lines 70,755 Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses 198,275 Reinsurance fair value amortization (purchase accounting adjustment for Mercer acquisition) (192) Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses 198,083 Total gross liability for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses $ 1,796,782 The following is supplementary information about average historical claims duration as of December 31, 2024. Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 (Unaudited) Commercial other liability 7.6 % 14.7 % 14.8 % 15.7 % 11.2 % 8.4 % 6.4 % 5.9 % 4.7 % 2.4 % Commercial fire and allied 59.6 % 22.9 % 6.4 % 4.0 % 2.4 % 1.1 % 0.4 % — % 0.5 % 0.1 % Commercial automobile 36.0 % 21.0 % 16.9 % 12.4 % 7.7 % 3.1 % 1.7 % 0.6 % 0.2 % — % Commercial workers' compensation 32.9 % 31.4 % 14.5 % 7.9 % 4.0 % 2.4 % 1.6 % 1.0 % 0.8 % 0.3 % Personal 55.1 % 33.0 % 6.2 % 2.1 % 0.8 % 0.4 % 0.3 % 0.1 % 0.4 % — %

Statutory Reporting, Capital Re

Statutory Reporting, Capital Requirements and Dividends and Retained Earnings Restrictions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Statutory Insurance Financial Information [Abstract]
Statutory Reporting, Capital Requirements and Dividends and Retained Earnings Restrictions	STATUTORY REPORTING, CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS AND DIVIDENDS AND RETAINED EARNINGS RESTRICTIONS Our insurance subsidiaries file statutory-basis financial statements with state insurance regulatory authorities prepared in accordance with Statutory Accounting Principles ("SAP") prescribed or permitted by such authorities, which may vary materially from GAAP. Prescribed SAP includes the Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") as well as state laws, regulations and administrative rules. Permitted SAP encompasses all accounting practices not so prescribed. The principal differences between SAP financial statements and financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP in that policy acquisition costs are charged to expense as incurred, goodwill is amortized, and the values reported for investments, pension obligations and deferred taxes are established on a different basis. Accordingly, SAP operating results and SAP capital and surplus may differ substantially from amounts reported in the GAAP basis financial statements for comparable items. No material permitted accounting practices were used to prepare our statutory-basis financial statements during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. We are directed by the state insurance departments' solvency regulations to calculate a required minimum level of statutory capital and surplus based on insurance risk factors. The risk-based capital results are used by the NAIC and state insurance departments to identify companies that merit regulatory attention or the initiation of regulatory action. Statutory capital and surplus in regards to policyholders at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 and statutory net income (loss) for the years then ended are as follows: 2024 2023 2022 Statutory Capital and Surplus $ 723,366 $ 635,474 $ 717,709 Statutory Net Income (Loss) $ 49,491 $ (13,251) $ 43,111 UF&C and its property and casualty insurance subsidiaries had statutory capital and surplus in regards to policyholders in excess of their required levels at December 31, 2024. State laws and regulations generally limit the amount of funds that an insurance company may distribute to a parent as a dividend without commissioner approval. As a holding company with no independent operations of its own, United Fire Group, Inc. relies on dividends received from its insurance company subsidiaries in order to pay dividends to its common shareholders. Dividends payable by our insurance subsidiaries are governed by the laws in the states in which they are domiciled. In all cases, these state laws permit the payment of dividends only from earned surplus arising from business operations. For example, under Iowa law, the maximum dividend or distribution that may be paid within a 12-month period without prior approval of the Iowa Insurance Commissioner is generally restricted to the greater of 10 percent of statutory surplus as of the preceding December 31 less any dividends paid in the previous 12 months, or net income of the preceding calendar year on a statutory basis less any dividends paid in the previous 12 months, not greater than earned statutory surplus. Other states in which our insurance company subsidiaries are domiciled may impose similar restrictions on dividends and distributions. Based on these restrictions, at December 31, 2024, our insurance company subsidiary, UF&C, is able to make a maximum of $40.7 million in dividend payments without prior regulatory approval. At December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with applicable state laws and regulations. State insurance holding company laws and regulations generally require approval from the insurer's domicile state insurance commissioner for any material transaction. For property and casualty insurers, a material transaction is defined as any sale, loan, exchange, transfer or guarantee with an affiliate where the aggregate value of the transaction exceeds 25 percent of the insurer's policyholders' surplus or three percent of its admitted assets (measured at December 31 of the preceding year), whichever is less. In 2024, 2023 and 2022, UF&C paid dividends to UFG totaling $22,800, $13,200 and $12,000, respectively.

Income Tax

Income Tax	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Tax	INCOME TAX Income tax expense (benefit) is composed of the following: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Current $ 23,468 $ (2,217) $ 1,627 Deferred (8,391) (7,803) (4,581) Income tax expense (benefit) $ 15,077 $ (10,021) $ (2,954) A reconciliation of income tax expense (benefit) computed at the applicable federal tax rate of 21.0 percent in 2024, 2023 and 2022 to the amount recorded in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income is as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Income (loss) before taxes $ 77,034 $ (39,721) $ 12,077 Federal statutory rate 21 % 21 % 21 % Expected income tax expense (benefit) $ 16,177 $ (8,339) $ 2,536 Tax-exempt municipal bond interest income (1,881) (2,763) (3,115) Nontaxable dividend income (27) (269) (378) Compensation 1,228 596 582 Research & development credit (16) 540 (1,591) Other, net (404) 215 (988) Income tax expense (benefit) $ 15,077 $ (10,021) $ (2,954) We measure certain deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is 21.0 percent. The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following at December 31, 2024 and 2023: December 31, 2024 2023 Deferred tax assets Financial statement reserves in excess of income tax reserves $ 23,203 $ 20,414 Unearned premium adjustment 22,700 20,618 Employee profit sharing 3,112 1,623 Other-than-temporary impairment of investments 14 451 Compensation expense related to stock options 1,410 1,760 Nonqualified deferred compensation 2,400 2,493 Net unrealized gain (loss) - all other securities 19,572 17,753 Revaluation of investment basis (1) — 23 Other 3,639 3,067 Gross deferred tax asset 76,050 68,202 Valuation allowance — — Deferred tax asset 76,050 68,202 Deferred tax liabilities Net unrealized gain (loss) on Equity securities — 5,414 Deferred policy acquisition costs 30,459 26,572 Investments in partnerships 1,938 1,713 Over funded pension benefit 4,694 4,256 Prepaid pension cost 8,086 7,090 Net bond discount accretion 705 213 Depreciation 3,085 3,637 Identifiable intangible assets (1) 945 944 Capitalized Software 534 2,310 Other 2,586 2,432 Gross deferred tax liability 53,032 54,581 Net deferred tax asset (liability) $ 23,018 $ 13,621 (1) Related to our acquisition of Mercer Insurance Group, Inc. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has recorded no valuation allowance as we believe it is more likely than not that all the deferred assets will be realized. Our determination was based on evidence of taxable income in the carryback and carryforward periods and our tax planning strategy of holding debt securities with unrealized losses to recovery. In 2024, 2023, and 2022, we made cash payments for income taxes of $16,112, $1,348 and $21,548, respectively. We made no interest payments in 2024, 2023 and 2022. In 2024, 2023 and 2022 we received federal tax refunds of $0, $14,017 and $20,789, respectively, which resulted from the utilization of our net operating losses and net capital loss carryforwards and carrybacks. We have no loss carryforwards and no tax credit carryforwards. As of December 31, 2024, we had no alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards. We file a consolidated federal income tax return and file income tax returns in various state jurisdictions. The U.S. Federal income tax returns of the Company for years prior to 2018 are no longer subject to examination by the taxing authorities. The Company does not have any unrecognized tax benefits ("UTBs") at December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. In the event the Company has UTBs, interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions would be recorded as part of income tax expense in the financial statements. The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of additional tax assessments by jurisdiction and, if necessary, adjusts its tax reserves based on new information or developments.

Employee Benefits

Employee Benefits	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Employee Benefits	EMPLOYEE BENEFITS We offer various benefits to our employees including a non-contributory cash balance pension plan and an employee health and dental benefit plan. In 2023, we offered an Early Retirement Package ("ERP") as a voluntary program for a select group of eligible employees to consider retiring earlier than planned. Employees that accepted the offering received a one-time separation package. At the same time, we announced a change to our paid time off ("PTO") policy to a discretionary time off policy as of December 31, 2023. As a result, the Company will no longer maintain an accrued liability on the balance sheet for PTO. The expense of the severance benefits offered with the ERP largely offset the benefit of the liability released with the change in time off policy in the financial statements. A partial plan curtailment was triggered during the period due to the reduction in active lives resulting from the ERP reduction in force, providing the benefit shown in the table for the Net Periodic Benefit Cost below. Pension and Post-Retirement Benefit Plans We offer a non-contributory cash balance pension plan in which all of our employees are eligible to participate after they have completed one year of service, attained 21 years of age and have met the hourly service requirements. Retirement benefits under our cash balance pension plan are based on the number of years of service and level of compensation. Our policy to fund the pension plan on a current basis to not less than the minimum amounts required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, is designed to ensure that plan assets will be adequate to provide retirement benefits. We are not required to make a contribution to the pension plan in 2025. As a result of the ERP offered in 2023, any retiree or terminated employees were offered the opportunity to take a lump sum distribution out of the plan post retirement. About 25% of retirees elected to take a lump sum payment, which in total was $17.8 million, and as a result, a settlement gain of $0.5 million was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2024. We also offer health and dental benefit plans to all of our eligible employees that are self-funded. We previously offered a fully-funded (post-65) retiree health and dental plan (the "post-retirement benefit plan"). In January 2021, the Company changed the post-retirement benefit plan to a voluntary plan funded exclusively by participants, commencing at the start of 2023. As of December 31, 2024, the post-retirement benefit obligation was $0. Investment Policies and Strategies The investment objective of the plan is to seek the highest rate of return consistent with its asset mix. The plan seeks to ensure reasonable costs and places a high priority on benefit security and satisfying its benefit obligations. The plan's investment objectives include, but are not limited to: maximization of return within reasonable and prudent levels of risk; provision of returns comparable to returns for similar investment options; control administrative and management costs; provision of appropriate diversification within investment vehicles. The plan's investment strategy will utilize several different asset classes with varying risk/return characteristics. The returns of the asset classes are not expected to move in tandem, which will allow the plan to take part in different parts of the global economic cycle. We have an internal retirement committee, which includes our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Human Resources Officer, Chief Legal Officer, and Chief Claims Officer, all of whom periodically receive information on the value of the pension plan assets and their performance. Quarterly, the retirement committee meets to review and discuss the performance of the pension plan assets as well as the allocation of investments within the pension plan in accordance with the Investment Policy. In 2023, the retirement committee changed the investment strategy to a liability driven investment ("LDI") approach to better match the timing of cash flows between payouts from the plan with cash flows from the asset portfolio, as well as hedge interest rate risk between assets and liabilities. Changing to this approach while the plan was overfunded was expected to reduce the likelihood of necessary contributions to the plan in the future. The LDI investment strategy has shifted the allocation of pension plan assets from prior periods. The portfolio includes a hedge portfolio, targeting 80.0 percent of the pension plan asset balance, largely comprised of highly rated fixed maturity securities and designed to match the assets and liabilities and maintain a fully funded position while hedging interest rate, yield curve and credit spread risks. The remaining 20.0 percent target of the asset balance is return seeking, with the objective to account for liability growth and to maintain a healthy surplus position. The largest fund in the return seeking portfolio is the LargeCap S&P 500 Index Separate Account fund, comprising 67% of the return seeking portfolio and 13.3% of the overall portfolio. We have not identified any significant concentrations of risk as a result of the LDI investment strategy. The investments held by the pension plan at December 31, 2024 include the following asset categories: • Fixed maturity securities, which are income-oriented investments including low, medium, and high quality bond funds with short, intermediate, and/or long term durations; • Equity securities, which may include various types of stock (foreign and domestic), such as large-cap, mid-cap, small-cap, with value, blend, and growth investment objectives; • Alternatives/other investments, which include commingled trusts, insurance company separate accounts through a group annuity contract, and mutual funds; • Pooled separate accounts, which includes seven separate funds, including three S&P index separate accounts, an international equity index separate account, a short-term income separate account, a liquid assets separate account, and a US property separate account; • Cash and cash equivalents, which include money market funds, stable value, and guaranteed interest accounts. As a result of the shift in investment strategy, we have reduced the number of external investment managers to one as of December 31, 2024. The following is a summary of the pension plan's actual and target asset allocations at December 31, 2024 and 2023 by asset category: Target Pension Plan Assets 2024 % of Total 2023 % of Total Allocation Hedge portfolio: 80 % Fixed Maturity Securities: Corporate bonds $ 147,336 61.1 % $ 166,063 62.9 % Foreign Bonds 15,960 6.6 — — Federal Agency 5,185 2.1 — — Private Placement 3,319 1.4 — — Mortgage/Asset Backed Securities 732 0.3 — — Money Market Funds 546 0.2 785 0.3 Pooled separate accounts: Liquid assets separate account fund 8,872 3.7 4,475 1.7 Short-term income separate account fund 5,169 2.1 — — Return seeking portfolio: 20 % Equity Securities — — 53,981 20.5 Pooled separate accounts: U.S. property separate account fund 6,688 2.8 25,407 9.6 LargeCap S&P 500 index 31,968 13.3 MidCap S&P 400 index 6,227 2.6 SmallCap S&P 600 index 4,163 1.7 International equity index 5,017 2.1 United Life annuity — — 13,195 5.0 Total plan assets $ 241,182 100.0 % $ 263,906 100.0 % 100.0 % Assets held in cash and cash equivalents enable the pension plan to mitigate market risk associated with other types of investments and allows the pension plan to maintain liquidity both for the purpose of making future benefit payments to participants and their beneficiaries and for future investment opportunities. Valuation of Investments and Fair Value Measurement Fair value measurement for the plan, including the application of the fair value hierarchy, is consistent with the methodology outlined in Part II, Item 8, Note 3 "Fair Value of Financial Instruments". The following tables present the categorization of the pension plan's assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2024 and 2023: Fair Value Measurements Description December 31, 2024 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fixed maturity securities Corporate bonds $ 147,336 $ — $ 147,336 $ — Foreign Bonds 15,960 — 15,960 — Federal Agency 5,185 — 5,185 — Private Placement 3,319 — 3,319 — Mortgage/Asset Backed Securities 732 — 732 — Money Market Funds 546 546 — — Pooled separate accounts: Liquid assets separate account fund 8,872 — 8,872 — Short-term income separate account fund 5,169 5,169 — — U.S. property separate account fund 6,688 — — 6,688 LargeCap S&P 500 index 31,968 31,968 — — MidCap S&P 400 index 6,227 6,227 — — SmallCap S&P 600 index 4,163 4,163 — — International equity index 5,017 5,017 — — Total assets measured at fair value $ 241,182 $ 53,090 $ 181,404 $ 6,688 Fair Value Measurements Description December 31, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fixed maturity securities $ 166,063 $ — $ 166,063 $ — Equity securities 53,981 53,981 — — Pooled separate accounts Liquid assets separate account fund 4,475 4,475 — U.S. property separate account fund 25,407 — — 25,407 Money market funds 772 772 — — Total assets measured at fair value $ 250,698 $ 54,753 $ 170,538 $ 25,407 The fair value of the majority of the Plan's investments is determined based on prices obtained from the Plan's investment managers who obtain prices from independent pricing services. One price is obtained for each security, which is evaluated for reasonableness prior to its use for reporting purposes. Fixed Maturity Securities ("LDI Portfolio") The LDI portfolio is comprised of individual investments in cash equivalents, bonds and notes, and options and contracts. Cash and cash equivalents within the portfolio consist of interest-bearing cash and money market funds. The fair value of money market funds approximates their cost basis due to their liquidity and short-term nature and are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Bonds and notes consists of corporate bonds (domestic and foreign), private placement debt instruments, government bonds, and mortgage backed obligations. Valuation is determined by the fund administrator's investment managers primarily utilizing Intercontinental Exchange ("ICE") institutional bond pricing and ICE CMO pricing applications and models. For government bonds, evaluators may also utilize yield curves constructed from dealer contracts and live data sources. For CMOs, evaluators may apply a volatility-driven, multi-dimensional single cash flow stream model or option-adjusted spread model. For ABS and CMBS issuances, a single cash flow stream model is utilized. Input information is from market and dealer sources, integrated with credit information, observed market movements, and other sector news. Market sources generally includes public information about the issuer of the bond. Credit information pertains to information on how well the issuing company pays debts. Observed market movements relates to information about the issuer's publicly traded stock. Sector news includes other public information about corporations similar to the issuer. As the inputs utilized are either directly or indirectly observable, bonds and notes are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Options and contracts consist of futures contracts which utilize pricing provided by issuers, investment managers, fund accountants, clients, and others. Default pricing may also be used if not provided. As there are significant unobservable inputs utilized for these holdings, they are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Pooled Separate Accounts The pension plan invests in seven pooled separate account funds: (1) Large Cap S&P 500 Index separate account; (2) Mid Cap S&P 400 Index separate account; (3) Small Cap S&P 600 Index separate account; (4) International Equity Index separate account; (5) Short-Term Income separate account; (6) Liquid Assets separate account; and (7) US Property separate account. The Large Cap S&P 500 Index, MidCap S&P 400 Index, and SmallCap S&P 600 Index separate account funds are stated at fair value as provided by the fund administrator based on the fair value of the underlying holdings of the funds. These pooled separate accounts invest mainly in domestic stocks composing the S&P 500 Index, S&P MidCap 400 Index, and S&P SmallCap 600 Index, respectively, which have observable Level 1 quoted pricing inputs. The NAV of each fund is the basis for current transactions and the pooled separate accounts can be redeemed at NAV as of the measurement date. Most of the security prices were obtained from a pricing service, Interactive Data Corporation (IDC), for each fund. The fair value measurement for each fund is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy as the inputs reflect observable market data and quoted prices. The International Equity Index separate account fund is stated at fair value as provided by the fund administrator based on the fair value of the underlying holdings of the fund. This pooled separate account invests in a single mutual fund (ticker PFIEX) with underlying holdings primary in non-US stocks. The fair value of the mutual fund is a publicly quoted pricing input used in determining the NAV of the pooled separate account. The NAV of the pooled separate account is not publicly quoted but is available to current investors. The fair value of the underlying mutual fund is based on third-party pricing vendors and utilizes observable market information. The NAV is the basis for current transactions and the pooled separate account can be redeemed at NAV as of the measurement date. The fair value measurement is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy as the underlying inputs reflect observable public market data from an active market. The Short-Term Income separate account fund is stated at fair value as provided by the fund administrator based on the fair value of the underlying holdings of the fund. The fund invests in a single mutual fund (ticker PSHIX). The underlying investments of this mutual fund are primarily in high quality short-term bonds and other fixed-income securities that, at the time of purchase, are rated BBB- or higher by S&P Global or Baa3 or higher by Moody's. The fair value of the mutual fund is a publicly quoted pricing input used in determining the NAV of the pooled separate account. The NAV of the pooled separate account is not publicly quoted but is available to current investors. The fair value of the underlying mutual fund is based on third-party pricing vendors and utilizes observable market information. The NAV is the basis for current transactions and the pooled separate account can be redeemed at NAV as of the measurement date. The fair value measurement is classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy as the underlying inputs reflect observable public market data from an active market. Investments in the liquid assets separate account fund are stated at fair value as provided by the administrator of the fund based on the fair value of the underlying assets owned by the fund. This pooled separate account invests mainly in short term securities such as commercial paper. The majority of the underlying securities have observable Level 1 or Level 2 pricing inputs, including quoted prices for similar assets in active or non-active markets. Most of the security prices were obtained from a pricing service, IDC. The NAV is the basis for current transactions and the pooled separate account can be redeemed at NAV as of the measurement date. The fair value measurement is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as the inputs reflect observable market data and quoted prices for similar assets, but in some instances, quoted prices are in markets that are not active. The fair value of the investments in the U.S. property separate account fund is provided by the administrator of the fund based on the NAV of the fund. The NAV is based on the fair value of the underlying properties included in the fund as this pooled separate account invests mainly in commercial real estate and includes mortgage loans which are backed by the associated properties. The fair value of the underlying real estate is estimated using discounted cash flow valuation models that utilize public real estate market data inputs such as transaction prices, market rents and growth rates, vacancy levels, leasing absorption, loan-to-value ratios, market cap rates, market interest rates, and discount rates. In addition, each property is appraised annually by an independent appraiser. The NAV is the basis for current transactions and the pooled separate account can be redeemed at net asset value as of the measurement date. The fair value measurement is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy given the inputs reflect significant unobservable inputs. There are no restrictions as to the plan's ability to redeem its investment at the net asset value of the fund as of the reported date. The net asset value provided by the custodian has not been adjusted. Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities Investments in equity securities are stated at fair value based upon quoted market prices reported on recognized securities exchanges on the last business day of the year. Purchases and sales of securities are recorded as of the trade date. As such, these securities are categorized as Level 1. The fair value of fixed maturity securities categorized as Level 2 is determined by management based on fair value information reported in the custodial statements received from the plan's investment managers, which is derived from recent trading activity of the underlying security in the financial markets. An evaluation of interest rates and yield curves observable at commonly quoted intervals, volatility, prepayment speeds, credit risks, and default rates may also be performed. United Life Annuity The United Life group annuity contract, which is a deposit administration contract, is stated at contract value as determined by United Life. Under the group annuity contract, the plan's investment account is credited with compound interest on the average account balance for the year. The interest rate is equivalent to the ratio of net investment income to mean assets of United Life, net of investment expenses. As a result, the fair value amount shown is equal to the contract value and is classified as Level 3. This investment was liquidated during 2024 and is not held at period end. Money Market Funds Money market funds are highly liquid and short-term investments held with various financial institutions. Interest is earned on a daily basis. The fair value of these funds approximates their cost basis due to their liquidity and short-term nature. The following tables provide a summary of the changes in fair value of the pension plan's Level 3 securities: U.S. property separate account fund Balance at January 1, 2024 $ 25,407 Unrealized losses (564) Expenses (54) Transfers out (18,101) Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 6,688 U.S. property separate account fund Balance at January 1, 2023 $ 28,468 Unrealized losses (3,061) Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 25,407 Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make various estimates and assumptions that affect the reporting of net periodic benefit cost, plan assets and plan obligations for each plan at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates. One significant estimate relates to the calculation of the benefit obligation for each plan. The discount rate assumption uses a published discount yield curve ("Discount Yield Curve") and reflects the expected future benefit discounted cash flows to determine the present value of the plan benefit obligations as of December 31. The Discount Yield Curve uses pricing and yield information for high quality corporate bonds. We have reviewed the updated curve and materials provided by our external actuaries with regard to the assumptions used in the curve. We will continue to monitor this curve and intend to make changes as appropriate. The Society of Actuaries ("SOA") is an actuarial organization that periodically reviews mortality data and publishes mortality tables and improvement scales. The mortality assumptions are based on the SOA's Pri-2012 white collar base rate mortality projected generationally using a published mortality improvement scale ("2024 MI"). The 2024 MI scale is based on latest mortality improvement release, the MIM-2021-v4 application tool issued by SOA in October 2023 with a few user-selected assumptions: 2030 as the ultimate year for age/cohort transition and long-term rate assumptions using sex-distinct and age based rated developed from the latest Social Security Trustee Reports. We have reviewed these updated tables and have updated the mortality assumptions based on this information and also based on research provided by our external actuaries. We will continue to monitor mortality assumptions and intend to make changes as appropriate to reflect additional research and our resulting best estimate of future mortality rates. Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations The following actuarial assumptions were used to determine the reported plan benefit obligations at December 31: Weighted-average assumptions as of Pension Benefits Post-retirement Benefits December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Discount rate 5.54 % 4.93 % N/A N/A Interest crediting rate 4.00 4.00 N/A N/A Rate of compensation increase 4.00 4.00 N/A N/A Rising interest rates resulted in an increase in the discount rates we use to value our respective plan's benefit obligations at December 31, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023. Assumptions Used to Determine Net Periodic Benefit Cost The following actuarial assumptions were used at January 1 to determine our reported net periodic benefit costs for the year ended December 31: Weighted-average assumptions as of Pension Benefits Post-retirement Benefits January 1, 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 Discount rate 4.93 % 5.15 % 2.84 % N/A N/A 0.48 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 5.70 6.70 6.70 N/A N/A N/A Rate of compensation increase 4.00 3.00 3.00 N/A N/A N/A Benefit Obligation and Funded Status The following table provides a reconciliation of benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status of our plans: Pension Benefits Post-retirement Benefits Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Reconciliation of benefit obligation Benefit obligation at beginning of year (2) $ 209,867 $ 201,676 $ — $ — Service cost 3,287 3,817 — — Interest cost 9,913 10,106 — — Actuarial loss (gain) (15,634) 3,112 — — Benefit payments (9,350) (8,831) — — Settlement - lump sums paid (17,759) — Benefit obligation at end of year (1) $ 180,324 $ 209,880 $ — $ — Reconciliation of fair value of plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year (2) $ 263,893 $ 229,701 $ — $ — Actual return on plan assets 4,398 43,036 — Benefit payments (9,350) (8,831) — — Settlement - lump sums paid (17,759) — — — Fair value of plan assets at end of year $ 241,182 $ 263,906 $ — $ — Funded status at end of year $ 60,858 $ 54,026 $ — $ — (1) For the pension plan, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation. For the post-retirement benefit plan, the benefit obligation is the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation. (2) For end of year 2023 benefit obligation and fair value, an adjustment of 13 (thousand) was made reflecting an estimate provided to the current sole-custodian of the fund assets from a separate third-party managed custodian. The beginning of year 2024 balances were updated to reflect actual valuation as there is now only one custodian of fund assets. Our accumulated pension benefit obligation was $180,324 and $209,867 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Actuarial gain during 2024 was driven by actuarial assumption changes, primarily an increase in discount rate, and participant experience. The following table displays the effect that the unrecognized prior service cost and unrecognized actuarial loss of our plans had on accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI"), as reported in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets: Pension Benefits Post-retirement Benefits Years Ended December 31 2024 2023 2024 2023 Amounts recognized in AOCI Unrecognized prior service cost $ (17,224) $ (20,119) $ — $ — Unrecognized actuarial (gain) loss (5,131) (146) — — Total amounts recognized in AOCI $ (22,354) $ (20,265) $ — $ — We anticipate amortization of the net actuarial losses for our pension plan in 2025 to be $15,635. Net Periodic Benefit Cost The components of the net periodic benefit cost for our pension and post-retirement benefit plans are as follows: Pension Plan Post-retirement Benefit Plan Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 Net periodic benefit cost Service cost $ 3,287 $ 3,817 $ 4,481 $ — $ — $ — Interest cost 9,913 10,106 7,730 — — 2 Expected return on plan assets (14,541) (15,025) (18,891) — — — Amortization of prior service cost (2,896) (3,280) (3,280) — — (15,085) Effect of partial curtailment (506) (2,666) — — — (26) Amortization of net loss — 207 777 — — 2,824 Net periodic benefit cost $ (4,743) $ (6,841) $ (9,183) $ — $ — $ (12,285) The expected long-term return on plan assets is determined using a calculated value. The expected long-term return on plan assets assumption was developed as a weighted average rate based on the target asset allocation of the plan and the Long-Term Capital Market Assumptions ("CMA") November 2023. The capital market assumptions were developed with a primary focus on forward-looking valuation models and market indicators. The key fundamental economic inputs for these models are future inflation, economic growth, and interest rate environment. Due to the long-term nature of the pension obligations, the investment horizon for the CMA is 20 years. In addition to forward-looking models, historical analysis of market data and trends was reflected, as well as the outlook of recognized economists, organizations and consensus CMA from other credible studies. The Corridor Approach is used to amortize actuarial gains and losses. An allowable 10% corridor is utilized under this approach. The period of amortization of such gains and losses is the average future service of members expected to receive benefits. A portion of the prior service cost component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs are capitalized and amortized straight-line as part of deferred acquisition costs and is included in Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs within the Consolidated Statements of Income. The portion not related to the compensation and the other components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs are included in Other underwriting expenses within the Consolidated Statements of Income. Projected Benefit Payments The following table summarizes the expected benefits to be paid from our plans over the next 10 years: 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030-2034 Pension benefits $ 14,600 $ 13,000 $ 13,540 $ 13,830 $ 14,200 $ 75,300

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-Based Compensation	STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION Non-Qualified Employee Stock Award Plan The United Fire Group, Inc. 2021 Stock Plan (the "Stock Plan") authorized the issuance of restricted and unrestricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, incentive stock options, and non-qualified stock options for up to 4,050,000 shares of UFG common stock to employees. At December 31, 2024, there were 1,335,589 authorized shares rem a ining available for future issuance. The Stock Plan is administered by the Board of Directors, which determines those employees who will receive awards, when awards will be granted, and the terms and conditions of the awards. The Board of Directors may also take any action it deems necessary and appropriate for the administration of the Stock Plan. Pursuant to the Stock Plan, the Board of Directors may, at its sole discretion, grant awards to our employees who are in positions of substantial responsibility with UFG. Further, the Board of Directors, in its discretion, has delegated authority to grant a limited number of restricted stock units in situations where the Company is seeking to recruit or retain an individual. Options granted pursuant to the Stock Plan are granted to buy shares of UFG's common stock at the market value of the stock on the date of grant. Options granted prior to March 2017 vest and are exercisable in installments of 20.0 percent of the number of shares covered by the option award each year from the grant date, unless the Board of Directors authorizes the acceleration of vesting. Options granted after March 2017 vest and are exercisable in installments of 33.3 percent of the number of shares covered by the option award each year from the grant date, unless the Board of Directors authorizes the acceleration of vesting. To the extent not exercised, vested option awards accumulate and are exercisable by the awardee, in whole or in part, in any subsequent year included in the option period, but not later than 10 years from the grant date. Restricted and unrestricted stock awards granted pursuant to the Stock Plan are granted at the market value of our common stock on the date of the grant. Restricted stock awards fully vest after three years or five years from the date of issuance, unless accelerated upon the approval of the Board of Directors, at which time UFG common stock will be issued to the awardee. All awards are generally granted free of charge to the eligible employees of UFG as designated by the Board of Directors. Forfeitures of awards under the plan are recognized as they occur. The activity in the Stock Plan is displayed in the following table: Year Ended From Inception to Authorized Shares Available for Future Award Grants December 31, 2024 December 31, 2024 Beginning balance 1,150,834 1,900,000 Additional shares authorized — 2,150,000 Number of awards granted (413,679) (4,387,536) Number of awards forfeited or expired 598,434 1,673,125 Ending balance 1,335,589 1,335,589 Number of option awards exercised 27,584 1,564,920 Number of unrestricted stock awards granted — 10,090 Number of restricted stock awards vested 52,672 353,108 Non-Qualified Non-Employee Director Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan The United Fire Group, Inc. Non-Employee Director Stock Plan (the "Director Stock Plan") authorizes the issuance of restricted stock awards and non-qualified stock options to purchase shares of UFG's common stock to non-employee directors. The total number of shares available under the Director Stock Plan is 450,000 and the expiration date is December 31, 2029. At December 31, 2024, the Company had 71,410 authorized shares available for future issuance. The Board of Directors has the authority to determine which non-employee directors receive awards, when options and restricted stock shall be granted, the option price, the option expiration date, the date of grant, the vesting schedule of options or whether the options shall be immediately vested, the terms and conditions of options and restricted stock (other than those terms and conditions set forth in the plan) and the number of shares of common stock to be issued pursuant to an option agreement or restricted stock agreement (subject to limits set forth in the plan). The Board of Directors may also take any action it deems necessary and appropriate for the administration of the Director Stock Plan. Forfeitures of awards under the plan are recognized as they occur. The activity in the Director Stock Plan is displayed in the following table: Year Ended From Inception to Authorized Shares Available for Future Award Grants December 31, 2024 December 31, 2024 Beginning balance 103,600 300,000 Additional authorization — 150,000 Number of awards granted (32,190) (418,808) Number of awards forfeited or expired — 40,218 Ending balance 71,410 71,410 Number of option awards exercised — 152,336 Number of restricted stock awards vested 31,380 169,336 Stock-Based Compensation Expense In 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $5,517, $3,246 and $2,827, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period of the stock options. As of December 31, 2024, we had $8,592 in stock-based compensation expense that has yet to be recognized through our results of operations. We expect this compensation to be recognized in subsequent years according to the following table, except with respect to awards that are accelerated by the Board of Directors, in which case we will recognize any remaining compensation expense in the period in which the awards are accelerated. 2025 $ 4,838 2026 3,097 2027 657 2028 — Total $ 8,592 Analysis of Award Activity The analysis below details the option award activity for 2024 and the awards outstanding at December 31, 2024, for both of our plans and ad hoc options, which were granted prior to the adoption of the other plans: Options Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Life (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding at January 1, 2024 795,676 $ 35.55 Granted — — Exercised (27,584) 29.28 Cancelled/Forfeited (96,914) 36.32 Expired (445,051) 37.12 Outstanding at December 31, 2024 226,127 $ 32.91 5.96 $ — Exercisable at December 31, 2024 148,608 $ 35.33 4.83 $ — Intrinsic value is the difference between our share price on the last day of trading (i.e., December 31, 2024) and the price of the options when granted and represents the value that would have been received by option holders had they exercised their options on that date. These values change based on the fair market value of our shares. The intrinsic value of options exercised totaled $28, $18 and $261 in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The analysis below details the award activity for the restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards outstanding at December 31, 2024: Restricted stock awards Shares Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Non-vested at January 1, 2024 291,439 $ 27.42 Granted 445,869 22.03 Vested (108,636) 25.58 Forfeited (43,100) 27.90 PSU projected performance adjustment 11,215 23.02 Non-vested at December 31, 2024 596,787 $ 23.67 In 2024, 2023 and 2022 we recognized $4,992, $2,637 and $2,048, respectively, in compensation expense related to the restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards. At December 31, 2024, we had $8,157 in compensation expense that has yet to be recognized through our results of operations related to the restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards. The intrinsic value of the non-vested restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards outstanding totaled $16,931 and $5,864 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Assumptions The weighted-average grant-date fair value of the options granted under our plans has been estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions. There were no option grants during 2024. December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Risk-free interest rate NA 4.09 % 2.18 % Expected volatility (historical) NA 41.85 % 40.56 % Expected option life (in years) NA 7 7 Expected dividends (in dollars) NA $ 0.64 $ 0.61 Weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year (in dollars) NA $ 10.95 $ 10.49 The following table summarizes information regarding the stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices Number Outstanding (in shares) Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Weighted-Average Exercise Price Number Exercisable (in shares) Weighted-Average Exercise Price $ 20.24 27.54 12,853 7.18 $ 24.87 7,847 $ 25.69 27.55 28.76 90,440 8.15 28.39 30,142 28.39 28.77 29.48 33,139 4.28 29.32 29,893 29.30 29.49 40.61 41,106 4.91 33.42 32,137 34.50 40.62 54.26 48,589 3.61 45.45 48,589 45.45 $ 20.24 54.26 226,127 5.96 $ 32.91 148,608 $ 35.33

Segment Information

Segment Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment Information	SEGMENT INFORMATION The Company operates as one operating segment. The Company's CODM is its CEO, who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis. The CODM uses consolidated net income to assess financial performance and allocate resources. This financial metric is used by the CODM to make key operating decisions, such as determination of which products to market and sell; determination of distribution networks with insurance agents; and allocation of budgets between sales and marketing, technology, and general and administrative expenses. See the Consolidated Financial Statements for financial information regarding the Company's operating segment. Revenues from external customers, with the exception of Lloyd's, are fully attributed to the Company's country of domicile. Lloyd's syndicate business is concluded in the United Kingdom as part of Lloyd's insurance market. Risks can be attributed to the United Kingdom or be globally underwritten using Lloyd's licenses in different countries. As a result, it is impracticable for the Company to accurately report specific geographic concentration of global revenues for Lloyd's business. All long-lived assets are attributed to the Company's country of domicile. The Company does not have revenue from transactions with a single customer amounting to 10 percent or more of its revenues.

Earnings Per Common Share

Earnings Per Common Share	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings Per Common Share	EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 (In Thousands Except Share and Per Share Data) Basic Diluted Basic Diluted Basic Diluted Net income (loss) $ 61,957 $ 61,957 $ (29,700) $ (29,700) $ 15,031 $ 15,031 Weighted-average common shares outstanding 25,319,973 25,319,973 25,249,269 25,249,269 25,160,809 25,160,809 Add dilutive effect of restricted stock awards — 597,787 — — — 157,387 Add dilutive effect of stock options — — — — — — Weighted-average common shares 25,319,973 25,917,760 25,249,269 25,249,269 25,160,809 25,318,196 Earnings (loss) per common share $ 2.45 $ 2.39 $ (1.18) $ (1.18) $ 0.60 $ 0.59 Awards excluded from diluted calculation (1) — 222,186 — 791,735 — 585,853 (1) Outstanding awards that are not "in-the-money" are excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation because the effect of including them would have been anti-dilutive. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share gives effect to all dilutive common shares outstanding during the reporting period. The dilutive shares we consider in our diluted earnings per share calculation relate to our outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards. We determine the dilutive effect of our outstanding stock options using the "treasury stock" method. Under this method, we assume the exercise of all of the outstanding stock options whose exercise price is less than the weighted-average market value of our common stock during the reporting period. This method also assumes that the proceeds from the hypothetical stock option exercises are used to repurchase shares of our common stock at the weighted-average market value of the stock during the reporting period. The net of the assumed stock options exercised and assumed common shares repurchased represents the number of dilutive common shares, which we add to the denominator of the earnings per share calculation. Under applicable accounting guidance, companies in a loss position are required to use basic weighted-average common shares outstanding in the calculation of diluted loss per share. Therefore, as a result of our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2023, we were required to use basic weighted-average common shares outstanding in the calculation of diluted loss per share, as the inclusion of 282,515 restricted shares would have been antidilutive to the calculation. If we had not incurred a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2023, diluted weighted-average common shares would have been 25,531,784.

Lease Commitments

Lease Commitments	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]
Lease Commitments	LEASE COMMITMENTS The Company has operating leases consisting of office space, vehicle leases, computer equipment, and office equipment. Lease terms and options vary in the Company's operating leases dependent upon the underlying leased asset. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has leases with remaining terms of one year to six years, some of which may include no options for renewal and others with options to extend the lease terms from six months to five years. As of December 31, 2024, the Company is the lessor for five lease agreements related to office space and parking. This is a decrease of one lease agreement from the year ended December 31, 2023 as the Company allowed the lease term to expire. The terms of the leases vary depending on the property and range from two years to nine years, which may include options for renewal or to extend lease terms or no options for renewal. Lessor income and sublease income are included in net income in the statement of comprehensive income. The components of our operating leases were as follows: As of December 31, 2024 As of December 31, 2023 Components of lease expense: Operating lease expense $ 9,436 $ 9,187 Less: Lessor income 581 507 Less: Sublease income 532 532 Net lease expense $ 8,323 $ 8,148 Cash flows information related to leases: Operating cash outflow from operating leases $ 8,365 $ 8,219 The following table provides supplemental information regarding our operating leases: As of December 31, 2024 As of December 31, 2023 Operating lease right-of-use assets (Other assets on Consolidated Balance Sheets) $ 21,412 $ 29,184 Operating lease liabilities (Accrued expenses and other liabilities on Consolidated Balance Sheets) $ 21,867 $ 29,668 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities $ 635 $ 9,336 Weighted average remaining lease term 2.98 years 3.77 years Weighted average discount rate 4.37 % 4.17 % The maturities of our lease liabilities: As of December 31, 2024 As of December 31, 2023 2024 $ — $ 9,361 2025 9,168 9,029 2026 7,919 7,748 2027 3,765 3,617 2028 1,800 1,696 2029 418 383 Thereafter 427 428 Total lease payments 23,497 32,262 Less: Imputed interest (1,630) (2,594) Lease liability $ 21,867 $ 29,668 The maturities of our lease receivables: As of December 31, 2024 As of December 31, 2023 2024 $ — $ 1,051 2025 1,066 1,066 2026 1,124 1,124 2027 1,092 1,092 2028 584 584 2029 582 582 Thereafter 2,109 2,109 Total lease payments receivable $ 6,557 $ 7,608

Debt

Debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	DEBT Long Term Debt December 2020 Private Placement On December 15, 2020, UF&C issued $50 million of notes due 2040 ("UF&C Notes") at par value. The UF&C Notes are senior, unsecured unsubordinated obligations of UF&C and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on an unsecured, unsubordinated basis by each of UF&C's subsidiaries. The UF&C Notes mature on December 15, 2040. The UF&C Notes may be redeemed by UF&C, in whole or in part, at par, at any time following the tenth (10th) anniversary of the issuance date, but subject to the payment restrictions, including the prior approval of the Iowa Insurance Commissioner. Interest payments will be paid quarterly on March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15 of each year (each such date, an "Interest Payment Date"). The interest rate will equal the rate that corresponds to the A.M. Best Co. (or its successor's) financial strength rating for members of the UF&C Pooled Group as of the applicable Interest Payment Date, as set forth in the table below. For the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2024, interest expense totaled $3,438. Payment of interest is subject to approval by the Iowa Insurance Division. A.M. Best Co. Financial Strength Rating Applicable Interest Rate A+ 5.875% A 6.375% A- 6.875% B++ (or lower) 7.375% May 2024 Private Placement On May 31, 2024, the Company issued $70,000 aggregate principal of its 9% senior unsecured notes due 2039 ("UFG Notes") at par value. The UFG Notes mature on May 31, 2039. The UFG Notes may be redeemed by the Company, in whole or in part, at par, at any time following the tenth (10th) anniversary of the issuance date. Prior to the tenth (10th) anniversary, the UFG Notes may not be redeemed except for a change in control offer or upon an event of default. Interest payments will be paid quarterly on February 28, May 31, August 31 and November 30 of each year. Costs incurred in the issuance of debt of $3,050 were capitalized and will be amortized over the life of the non-cancellable period of the debt. The capitalization of such debt issuance costs are included as an offset to the "Long Term Debt" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the related amortization is included in "Interest expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2024, interest expense totaled $3,784. The Company is required to maintain a rating for each series of the UFG Notes from a rating agency. The UFG Notes also require and impose certain operating and financial restrictions, including financial covenants, on the Company including: • incur or assume additional indebtedness, including guarantees; • incur or assume liens; • engage in mergers or consolidations; • convey, transfer, lease or dispose of assets; • make certain investments • enter into transactions with affiliates; • declare or make dividend payments or distributions or repurchase capital stock or other equity interests; • change the nature of our business materially; and • make changes in accounting treatment or reporting practices that affect the calculation of financial covenants, or change our fiscal year. As of December 31, 2024, we were in compliance with all covenants. Credit Facilities In December 2023, UF&C became a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines ("FHLB Des Moines"). As part of the FHLB Des Moines application process and in connection with its membership in FHLB Des Moines, UF&C entered into FHLB Des Moines' standard Advances, Pledge and Security Agreement (the "Advances Agreement"). The Advances Agreement governs the terms and conditions under which UF&C may borrow and FHLB Des Moines may make loans or advances from time to time. The Advances Agreement requires UF&C to pledge certain collateral, including the capital stock in FHLB Des Moines owned by UF&C and such other assets (including mortgage-related securities, loans, and stock in UF&C) as agreed by UF&C and FHLB Des Moines in connection with any such loans or advances.

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Intangible Assets	INTANGIBLE ASSETS Our major classes of intangible assets are presented in the following table: Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Agency relationships, cost $ 10,338 $ 10,338 Accumulated amortization (9,617) (9,040) Agency relationships, carrying value $ 721 $ 1,298 Trade names, cost $ 1,978 $ 1,978 Accumulated amortization (1,813) (1,681) Trade names, carrying value $ 165 $ 297 State insurance licenses (1) $ 3,020 $ 3,020 Net intangible assets $ 3,906 $ 4,615 (1) The intangible asset for licenses has an indefinite life and therefore is not amortized. The estimated useful lives assigned to our major classes of amortizable intangible assets are as follows: Useful Life Agency relationships Fifteen years Trade names Fifteen years Aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets totaled $709 for each of the years ended December 31, 2024 2023, and 2022. Our estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the next five years is as follows: 2025 $ 709 2026 177 2027 – 2028 – 2029 –

Accumulated Other Comprehensive

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Equity [Abstract]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME The following table shows the changes in the components of our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022: Net benefit Foreign Net unrealized plan assets currency gain (loss) and translation on investments obligations adjustment Total Balance as of January 1, 2022 $ 49,769 $ 4,568 $ — $ 54,337 Change in accumulated other comprehensive income before reclassifications (139,183) (6,540) — (145,723) Reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 1,045 2,845 — 3,890 Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ (88,369) $ 873 $ — $ (87,496) Change in accumulated other comprehensive income before reclassifications 20,835 14,973 — 35,808 Reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive income 567 164 — 731 Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ (66,967) $ 16,010 $ — $ (50,957) Change in accumulated other comprehensive income before reclassifications (10,639) 1,650 (200) (9,189) Reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive income 5,365 — — 5,365 Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ (72,241) $ 17,660 $ (200) $ (54,781) Income tax effects are released from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for unrealized gains or losses when the gains or losses are realized.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property and Equipment	PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT The following table is a summary of the components of the property and equipment that are reported in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. 2024 2023 Real estate: Land $ 76,420 $ 78,683 Buildings 1,202 1,203 Furniture and fixtures 3,555 4,451 Internally developed software 54,377 48,787 Other computer equipment and software 467 1,123 Total property and equipment $ 136,021 $ 134,247 Depreciation is computed primarily by the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: Useful Life Computer equipment and software Three years Furniture and fixtures Seven years Internally developed software Ten years Leasehold improvements Shorter of the lease term or useful life of the asset Real estate Seven years to thirty-nine years Depreciation expense totaled $10,086, $9,799 and $6,961 for 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Schedule I. Summary of Investme

Schedule I. Summary of Investments - Other than Investments in Related Parties	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Abstract]
Schedule I. Summary of Investments - Other than Investments in Related Parties	Schedule I. Summary of Investments — Other than Investments in Related Parties December 31, 2024 (In thousands) Cost or Amortized Cost Amounts at Which Shown in Balance Sheet Type of Investment Fair Value Fixed maturities Bonds United States Government and government agencies and authorities $ 126,402 $ 117,301 $ 117,301 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 252,936 247,904 247,904 Public utilities 131,165 120,358 120,358 All other bonds 1,451,028 1,382,768 1,382,768 Total fixed maturities $ 1,961,531 $ 1,868,331 $ 1,868,331 Mortgage loans on real estate $ 40,967 $ 38,879 $ 40,922 Other long-term investments 183,741 183,741 183,741 Short-term investments 100 100 100 Total investments $ 2,186,339 $ 2,091,051 $ 2,093,094

Schedule II. Condensed Financia

Schedule II. Condensed Financial Statements of Parent Company	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule II. Condensed Financial Statements of Parent Company	Schedule II. Condensed Financial Statements of Parent Company United Fire Group, Inc. (parent company only) Condensed Balance Sheets December 31, (In thousands, except share data) 2024 2023 Assets Investment in consolidated subsidiaries 844,638 733,152 Cash and cash equivalents 3,822 553 Other assets 135 199 Total assets $ 848,595 $ 733,904 Liabilities and stockholders' equity Note payable $ 67,059 $ — Accrued interest payable 525 — Other liabilities (520) 159 Total Liabilities $ 67,064 $ 159 Stockholders' equity Common stock, $0.001 par value, authorized 75,000,000 shares 25,378,291 and 25,269,842 issued and outstanding in 2024 and 2023, respectively $ 25 $ 25 Additional paid-in capital 215,851 209,986 Retained earnings 620,436 574,691 Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax (54,781) (50,957) Total stockholders' equity $ 781,531 $ 733,745 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 848,595 $ 733,904 This condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Schedule II. Condensed Financial Statements of Parent Company (continued) United Fire Group, Inc. (parent company only) Condensed Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income For the Years Ended December 31, (In thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Revenues Investment income $ 223 $ 99 $ 85 Total revenues 223 99 85 Expenses Interest expense 3,844 — — Total expenses 3,844 — — Income before income taxes and equity in net income of subsidiary (3,621) 99 85 Income tax expense (benefit) (760) 21 18 Net income before equity in net income (loss) of subsidiary $ (2,861) $ 78 $ 67 Equity in net income (loss) of subsidiary 64,818 (29,778) 14,964 Net income (loss) $ 61,957 $ (29,700) $ 15,031 Other comprehensive income (loss) Change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments held by subsidiary $ (13,466) $ 26,373 $ (176,183) Change in liability for underfunded employee benefit plans of subsidiary 2,089 18,953 (8,277) Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax and reclassification adjustments $ (11,377) $ 45,326 $ (184,460) Income tax effect 2,388 (9,518) 38,736 Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax, before reclassification adjustments $ (8,989) $ 35,808 $ (145,724) Reclassification adjustment for net realized gains of the subsidiary included in income 6,791 718 1,323 Reclassification adjustment for employee benefit costs of the subsidiary included in expense — 207 3,601 Total reclassification adjustments, before tax $ 6,791 $ 925 $ 4,924 Income tax effect (1,426) (194) (1,034) Total reclassification adjustments, after tax $ 5,365 $ 731 $ 3,890 Comprehensive income (loss) $ 58,333 $ 6,839 $ (126,803) United Fire Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. The federal income tax provision represents an allocation under its tax allocation agreements. This condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Schedule II. Condensed Financial Statements of Parent Company (continued) United Fire Group, Inc. (parent company only) Condensed Statements of Cash Flows For the Years Ended December 31, (In thousands) 2024 2023 2022 Cash flows from operating activities Net income (loss) $ 61,957 $ (29,700) $ 15,031 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities Equity in net income of subsidiary (64,818) 29,778 (14,964) Dividends received from subsidiary 22,800 13,200 12,000 Other, net 2,245 1,691 2,845 Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $ 22,184 $ 14,969 $ 14,912 Cash flows from investing activities Capital contributions to subsidiaries (70,000) — — Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities $ (70,000) $ — $ — Cash flows from financing activities Payment of cash dividends $ (16,213) $ (16,164) $ (15,860) Issuance of common stock 348 (290) 828 Debt note issuance 70,000 — — Debt note issuance costs (3,050) — — Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities $ 51,085 $ (16,454) $ (15,032) Net change in cash and cash equivalents $ 3,269 $ (1,485) $ (120) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 553 2,038 2,158 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 3,822 $ 553 $ 2,038 This condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Schedule III. Supplementary Ins

Schedule III. Supplementary Insurance Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
SEC Schedule, 12-16, Insurance Companies, Supplementary Insurance Information [Abstract]
Schedule III. Supplementary Insurance Information	Schedule III. Supplementary Insurance Information (In thousands) Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs Future Policy Benefits, Losses, Claims and Loss Expenses Unearned Premiums Earned Premium Revenue Investment Income, Net Benefits, Claims, Losses and Settlement Expenses Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs Other Underwriting Expenses Written Premiums Year Ended December 31, 2024 $ 147,224 $ 1,796,782 $ 621,448 $ 1,176,750 $ 81,986 $ 744,605 $ 281,338 $ 140,942 $ 1,231,470 Year Ended December 31, 2023 $ 126,532 $ 1,638,755 $ 549,384 $ 1,034,587 $ 59,606 $ 769,414 $ 244,991 $ 115,800 $ 1,066,901 Year Ended December 31, 2022 $ 104,225 $ 1,497,274 $ 474,388 $ 951,541 $ 44,932 $ 637,301 $ 213,075 $ 114,645 $ 984,223

Schedule IV. Reinsurance

Schedule IV. Reinsurance	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
SEC Schedule, 12-17, Insurance Companies, Reinsurance [Abstract]
Schedule IV. Reinsurance	Schedule IV. Reinsurance (In thousands) Gross Amount Ceded to Other Companies Assumed From Other Companies Net Amount Percentage of Amount Assumed to Net Earned Year Ended December 31, 2024 Earned premiums $ 1,109,903 $ 147,196 $ 214,043 $ 1,176,750 18.19 % Year Ended December 31, 2023 Earned premiums $ 1,017,917 $ 144,958 $ 161,628 $ 1,034,587 15.62 % Year Ended December 31, 2022 Earned premiums $ 941,998 $ 101,740 $ 111,283 $ 951,541 11.70 %

Schedule V. Valuation and Quali

Schedule V. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]
Schedule V. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	Schedule V. Valuation And Qualifying Accounts (In thousands) Balance at beginning of period Charged to costs and expenses Deductions Balance at end of period Description Allowance for bad debts Year Ended December 31, 2024 $ 1,794 $ — $ 191 $ 1,603 Year Ended December 31, 2023 1,575 219 — 1,794 Year Ended December 31, 2022 781 794 — 1,575 Deferred tax asset valuation allowance Year Ended December 31, 2024 $ — $ — $ — Year Ended December 31, 2023 — — — — Year Ended December 31, 2022 — — — —

Schedule_VI. Supplemental Infor

Schedule VI. Supplemental Information Concerning Property and Casualty Insurance Operations	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
SEC Schedule, 12-18, Supplemental Information, Property-Casualty Insurance Underwriters [Abstract]
Schedule VI. Supplemental Information Concerning Property and Casualty Insurance Operations	Schedule VI. Supplemental Information Concerning Property and Casualty Insurance Operations (In thousands) Affiliation with Registrant: United Fire & Casualty Company and consolidated property and casualty subsidiaries Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses Incurred Related to: Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs Reserves for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses) Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs Net Investment Income Paid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses Unearned Premiums Earned Premiums Current Year Prior Years Written Premiums 2024 $ 147,224 $ 1,796,782 $ 621,448 $ 1,176,750 $ (5,429) $ 81,986 $ 745,813 $ (1,208) $ 281,338 $ 593,021 $ 1,231,470 2023 $ 126,532 $ 1,638,755 $ 549,384 $ 1,034,587 $ 1,274 $ 59,606 $ 701,664 $ 67,750 $ 244,991 $ 672,699 $ 1,066,901 2022 $ 104,225 $ 1,497,274 $ 474,388 $ 951,541 $ (15,892) $ 44,932 $ 624,411 $ 12,890 $ 213,075 $ 688,268 $ 984,223

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income (loss)	$ 61,957	$ (29,700)	$ 15,031

Insider Trading Arrangements

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Insider Trading Policies and Pr

Insider Trading Policies and Procedures	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted	true

Cybersecurity Risk Management a

Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy Disclosure	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, and Governance [Line Items]
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes for Assessing, Identifying, and Managing Threats [Text Block]	Cybersecurity Program We have adopted a Written Information Security Program (WISP) designed to align with the guidelines recommended by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We make ongoing continuous improvements to our information security program; specifically in the implementation of secure remote access solutions with multifactor authentication, next-generation endpoint detection and remediation, cloud-based security controls, automated scanning and outside validation of security controls. Additionally, we require all employees to complete cybersecurity training at least annually, with additional training targeted for employees with greater data access. When a specific cyber threat is identified, we may create additional trainings with targeted content for our employees. As part of our efforts to manage our cybersecurity risks, we have engaged an independent firm to assist with conducting penetration tests and provide advice on our information security program. We also carry insurance to mitigate losses from cyber events. We have processes in place to oversee and identify risks from cybersecurity threats associated with our use of third-party service providers. All proposed third parties are subject to a preliminary assessment to identify those that may handle or have access to company information and scope appropriate due diligence activities relating to the engagement. Third-parties that may handle or have access to company information are subject to enhanced due diligence procedures prior to onboarding and security risk assessments at the time of onboarding, contract renewal, and upon detection of an increase in risk profile. We use a variety of inputs in such risk assessments, including information supplied by third-parties and information obtained through other channels. In addition, we require our providers to adhere to appropriate security requirements and controls, and we investigate security incidents that have impacted our third-party service providers, as appropriate. We have established comprehensive incident response and recovery plans and intend to test and refine the effectiveness of those plans under the leadership of the Chief Human Resources Officer, who is accountable for the overall business continuity program at UFG. Our incident response and recovery plans address and guide our employees, management, and the Board of Directors on our response to a cybersecurity incident, including the requirements of notification, classification, analysis and communication of cybersecurity incidents based on the identified severity level. The ERM Committee is accountable for regularly reviewing and evaluating the corporate incident response plan and business continuity plan. We have a process to appropriately identify and escalate incidents that would be considered "material" in nature and require disclosure under the SEC's reporting requirements. Our identification and escalation process requires any potentially material incidents to be escalated to the CAO, who would promptly meet with the ERM Committee to determine if the incident is considered material and trigger a reporting obligation through a Current Report on Form 8-K. We did not experience any material cyber incidents since the beginning of our last fiscal year. Cybersecurity Threats To date, we have not identified any risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, that have, or are likely to, materially affect us, our business strategy, results of operation or financial condition. Refer to "Item 1A. Risk Factors" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for additional discussion about cybersecurity-related risks.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Processes Integrated [Text Block]	We recognize the importance of assessing, identifying, and managing risks associated with cybersecurity threats. Our cybersecurity risks are identified and addressed through a comprehensive, cross-functional approach to develop strategies for preserving the confidentiality, integrity and availability of Company and customer information, identifying, preventing and mitigating cybersecurity threats, and effectively responding to cybersecurity incidents.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Third Party Engaged [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Third Party Oversight and Identification Processes [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Materially Affected or Reasonably Likely to Materially Affect Registrant [Flag]	false
Cybersecurity Risk Board of Directors Oversight [Text Block]	Oversight Cybersecurity risk oversight is a focus area of our Risk Management Committee and the full Board of Directors. The Risk Management Committee's charter requires it to assist the Board of Directors in identifying and evaluating risks inherent in our business and to oversee and review the significant policies, procedures, and practices employed to manage risks. The Risk Management Committee receives a quarterly cybersecurity update from the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO), which is shared with the full Board of Directors. The Board of Directors discusses cybersecurity matters and risks on a quarterly basis or more frequently, as needed, at the recommendation of the Risk Management Committee. The Company's enterprise risk management committee (the "ERM Committee") is tasked with, among other responsibilities, identifying and evaluating operational risks, which includes risks associated with information technology and cybersecurity. The ERM Committee includes senior leaders across business functions, including the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Operating Officer (COO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Legal Officer, Chief Risk Officer (CRO) and CAO. The ERM Committee, as part of its comprehensive risk management duties, discusses Company strategies to prevent cyber-attacks and the Company's response and remediation of threats. The CAO provides a quarterly report to the Risk Management Committee that summarizes cybersecurity risks, relevant events and other items of note identified by management or the ERM Committee. The ERM Committee meets independently of the Risk Management Committee, with a representative from the Risk Management Committee in attendance. Certain members of the ERM Committee are invited to attend and participate in meetings of the Risk Management Committee. In addition, we maintain internal "risk evaluation teams" dedicated to assessing and managing the entity-level risks facing the Company. There are two risk evaluation teams that relate to cybersecurity risk: Cyber-Attack Prevention and Cyber-Attack Recovery. The CAO and Vice President of Technology Operations participate in both risk evaluation teams. The CAO likewise serves on the Business Continuity Team as the business continuity technology lead, a role in which she comprehensively evaluates IT system readiness and preparedness should a business continuity event involving cybersecurity or technology interruption occur.
Cybersecurity Risk Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]	The Risk Management Committee's charter requires it to assist the Board of Directors in identifying and evaluating risks inherent in our business and to oversee and review the significant policies, procedures, and practices employed to manage risks.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Board Committee or Subcommittee Responsible for Oversight [Text Block]	The Risk Management Committee receives a quarterly cybersecurity update from the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO), which is shared with the full Board of Directors. The Board of Directors discusses cybersecurity matters and risks on a quarterly basis or more frequently, as needed, at the recommendation of the Risk Management Committee.
Cybersecurity Risk Role of Management [Text Block]	The Risk Management Committee receives a quarterly cybersecurity update from the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO), which is shared with the full Board of Directors. The Board of Directors discusses cybersecurity matters and risks on a quarterly basis or more frequently, as needed, at the recommendation of the Risk Management Committee. The Company's enterprise risk management committee (the "ERM Committee") is tasked with, among other responsibilities, identifying and evaluating operational risks, which includes risks associated with information technology and cybersecurity. The ERM Committee includes senior leaders across business functions, including the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Operating Officer (COO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Legal Officer, Chief Risk Officer (CRO) and CAO. The ERM Committee, as part of its comprehensive risk management duties, discusses Company strategies to prevent cyber-attacks and the Company's response and remediation of threats. The CAO provides a quarterly report to the Risk Management Committee that summarizes cybersecurity risks, relevant events and other items of note identified by management or the ERM Committee. The ERM Committee meets independently of the Risk Management Committee, with a representative from the Risk Management Committee in attendance. Certain members of the ERM Committee are invited to attend and participate in meetings of the Risk Management Committee.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Flag]	true
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible [Text Block]	The lead management team member responsible for cybersecurity matters is the CAO, who has 20 years of experience in information technology and a B.A. in Management Information Systems. She is assisted by the Vice President of Technology Operations, the Information Security Manager and Corporate Counsel, Privacy. The CAO regularly reviews the lines of accountability and responsibility to ensure alignment with the ERM Committee.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Expertise of Management Responsible [Text Block]	The lead management team member responsible for cybersecurity matters is the CAO, who has 20 years of experience in information technology and a B.A. in Management Information Systems.
Cybersecurity Risk Process for Informing Management or Committees Responsible [Text Block]	The Risk Management Committee receives a quarterly cybersecurity update from the Chief Administrative Officer (CAO), which is shared with the full Board of Directors.
Cybersecurity Risk Management Positions or Committees Responsible Report to Board [Flag]	true

Summary of Significant Accoun_2

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	The Consolidated Financial Statements, which include the accounts of United Fire Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, "UFG", the "Registrant", the "Company", "we", "us", or "our"), have been prepared on the basis of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Variable Interest Entities	We have investments in unconsolidated affiliates that are considered variable interest entities ("VIEs") as defined under GAAP. Our involvement with VIEs is primarily to invest in assets that allow us to gain exposure to a broadly diversified portfolio of asset classes. A VIE is an entity that does not have sufficient equity to finance its own activities without additional financial support, where investors lack certain characteristics of a controlling financial interest, or where the entity is structured with non-substantive voting rights. We assess our relationships with VIEs to evaluate if we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE. If we determine we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we consolidate the assets and liabilities of the VIE in our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Segment Information	We operate as one operating segment. Our revenues are primarily derived from premiums earned for property and casualty insurance products issued to customers. For additional information, see Note 10, "Segment Information".
Premiums and Unearned Premiums	Written premiums are deferred and recorded as earned premium on a daily pro rata basis over the terms of the respective policies. Unearned premium reserves are established for the portion of written premiums applicable to the unexpired term of insurance policies in force.
Premiums and Unearned Premiums	Premiums receivable are presented net of an estimated allowance for doubtful accounts, which is based on a periodic evaluation of the aging and collectability of amounts due from agents and policyholders. Credit risk is partially mitigated by the Company's ability to cancel the policy if the policyholder does not pay the premium. Premiums are reported net of reinsurance ceded. Ceded premiums are charged to income over the applicable term of the various reinsurance contracts with third party reinsurers. Prepaid reinsurance premiums represent the unexpired portion of premiums ceded to reinsurers and are reported as ceded unearned premiums, an asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Losses and Loss Settlement Expenses	To establish losses and loss settlement expense reserves, we make estimates and assumptions about the future development of claims. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates, which are subjective, complex and inherently uncertain. When we establish and adjust reserves, we do so given our knowledge at the time of the circumstances and facts of known claims. To the extent that we have overestimated or underestimated our loss and loss settlement expense reserves, we adjust the reserves in the period in which such adjustment is determined. Losses and loss settlement expenses are reported net of reinsurance ceded. The estimation of assumed and ceded reinsurance losses and loss settlement expense reserves is subject to the same factors as the estimation of losses and loss settlement expense reserves. In addition to those factors, which give rise to inherent uncertainties in establishing losses and loss settlement expense reserves, there exists a delay in our receipt of reported claims for assumed business due to the procedure of having claims first reported through one or more intermediary insurers or reinsurers.
Reinsurance Receivables	Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the associated claim liability. For reinsurance receivables, the Company's model estimates expected credit loss by multiplying the exposure at default by both the probability of default and loss given default ("LGD"). The LGD is estimated by the rating of the reinsurer, historical relationship with UFG, existence of letters of credit and known regulation for which the Company may be held accountable. The ultimate LGD percentage is estimated after considering Moody's experience with unsecured year 1 bond recovery rates from 1983-2017. The allowance calculated is recorded through the line "Reinsurance receivables and recoverables" in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and through the line "Other underwriting expenses" in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Investments	Fixed Maturity Securities Available-for-Sale Investments in fixed maturity securities includes bonds. Our investments in fixed maturities securities are designated as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value. Changes in unrealized investment gain (loss), with respect to available-for-sale fixed maturities are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of deferred income taxes. We recognize investment income on fixed maturities based on the effective interest method, which results in the recognition of a constant rate of return on the investment equal to the prevailing rate at the time of purchase or at the time of subsequent adjustments of book value. Interest income from these investments is reported in "Net investment income" in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Realized gains and losses on sales of our fixed maturity securities are determined on the first-in first-out cost basis and are reported within Net investment gains (losses) in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. We record security transactions on a trade date basis. Equity Securities Investments in equity securities, which includes common stocks, are recorded at fair value with changes in value recorded as a component of income. Realized gains and losses on disposition of equity securities are computed using the specific identification method and are included in the computation of net income. Mortgage Loans Our investment in mortgage loans consists of commercial mortgage loans on real estate, which are reported at amortized cost, less allowance for expected credit losses. Commercial mortgage loans are continuously monitored by reviewing appraisals, operating statements, rent revenues, annual inspection reports, loan specific credit quality, property characteristics, market trends and other factors. For details on our policy around allowance for expected credit losses on mortgage loans, refer to Note 2 "Investments". Commercial mortgage loans are rated for the purpose of quantifying the level of risk. Loans are placed on a watch list when the debt service coverage ratio falls below certain thresholds and the loan-to-value ratios exceeds certain thresholds. Loans on the watchlist are closely monitored for collateral deficiency or other credit events that may lead to a potential loss of principal or interest. Interest on loans is recognized on an accrual basis at the applicable interest rate on the principal amount outstanding. Interest income, amortization of premiums and discounts, prepayment fees, and loan commitment fees are reported in Net investment income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates Other long-term investments consist primarily of our interests in limited liability partnerships that are recorded on the equity method of accounting. For investments subsequently measured using the equity method (primarily limited partnerships), adjustments to the carrying amount reflect our pro rata ownership percentage of the operating results as indicated by net asset value ("NAV") in the unconsolidated affiliates' financial statements. Distributions received from investments measured using the equity method are recorded as a decrease in the investment balance. Recognition of income and adjustments to the carrying amount can be delayed due to the availability of the related financial statements, which are obtained from the general partner or managing member generally on a one to three-month delay. For investments using the equity method, management inquires quarterly with the general partner or managing member to determine whether any credit or other market events have occurred since prior quarter financial statements to ensure any material events are properly included in current quarter valuation and investment income. Short-term investments Short-term investments consist of financial instruments with an original maturity of one year or less when purchased and include short-term fixed maturity securities and money market instruments, which are carried at fair value, and short-term loans, which are carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.
Interest and investment income	Dividends and interest income are recorded in Net investment income and recognized when earned. Income or losses upon call or prepayment of fixed maturity securities are recognized in Net investment income. Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts on investments in fixed maturity securities are reflected in Net investment income over the contractual terms of the investments, and for callable investments at a premium, based on the earliest call date of the investments, in a manner that produces a constant effective yield.
Credit Losses	The Company recognizes credit losses for our available-for-sale fixed-maturity portfolio, reinsurance receivables, mortgage loans and premium receivables by setting up allowances which are remeasured each reporting period and recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income. For our available-for-sale fixed maturity portfolio an allowance for credit losses is recorded net of available-for-sale fixed maturities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and a corresponding credit loss recognized as a recognized loss or gain in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company determines if an allowance for credit losses is recorded based on a number of factors including the current economic conditions, management's expectations of future economic conditions and performance indicators, such as market value versus amortized cost, investment spreads widening or contracting, rating actions, payment and default history. For more information on credit losses and the allowance for credit losses for available-for-sale fixed-maturity portfolio, see Note 2 "Investments."
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	The fair values of financial instruments presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements are estimates of the fair values at the balance sheet date using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and significant judgment in the interpretation of current market data.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash, money market accounts and non-negotiable certificates of deposit with original maturities of three months or less.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs ("DAC")	DAC represents costs that are directly related to the successful acquisition of new and renewal insurance contracts and incremental direct costs of contract acquisition that are incurred in compensation to employees. Such costs primarily include commissions, premium taxes and certain underwriting and policy issuance costs. Acquisition costs related to property and casualty business are deferred and amortized ratably over the period the related premiums are earned. Deferred acquisition costs are reviewed on a quarterly basis to determine if they are recoverable from remaining unearned premiums, and if not, are charged to expense. To calculate the premium deficiency charge by line of business, we estimate an expected loss and loss settlement expense ratio which is based on our best estimate of future losses for each line of business. The premium deficiency calculation is aggregated by line of business in a manner consistent with how the policies are currently being marketed and managed. Expected losses and loss settlement expenses ratios are the only assumptions we utilize in our premium deficiency calculation. The Company does not consider anticipated investment income in determining if a premium deficiency exists. Adjustments, if necessary, are recorded as a reduction in the DAC asset and as other underwriting expenses in the current period results of operations.
Property, Equipment and Depreciation	Property and equipment used in operations, including certain costs incurred to develop computer software for internal use, is presented at cost less accumulated depreciation. We periodically review these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the underlying asset may not be recoverable. A loss would be recognized if the estimated fair value of the asset were less than its carrying value. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs on property and equipment are generally expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed primarily by the straight-line method.
Intangible Assets	Our other intangible assets, which consist of agency relationships, trade names, and state insurance licenses are being amortized by the straight-line method over periods ranging from two years to 15 years, with the exception of state insurance licenses, which are indefinite-lived and not amortized.
Long term debt	Debt instruments are carried at the principal amount borrowed, net of any issuance costs. Costs incurred in the issuance of debt are capitalized and amortized over the life of the non-cancellable period of the debt. Interest payments are included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and as Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Income Taxes	We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities and expected benefits of utilizing net operating loss and credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We evaluate the likelihood of realizing the benefit of our deferred tax assets and may record a valuation allowance if, based on all available evidence, we determine that it is more likely than not that some portion of the tax benefit will not be realized. We adjust the valuation allowance if, based on our evaluation, there is a change in the amount of deferred income tax assets that are deemed more-likely-than-not to be realized. The impact on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates and laws, if any, is applied to the years during which temporary differences are expected to be settled and reflected in the financial statements in the period enacted.
Leases	The Company determines if a contract contains a lease at inception of the contract. The Company's inventory of leases consists of operating leases which are recorded as a lease obligation liability within Accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and as a lease right-of-use asset within Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The lease right-of-use asset represents the Company's right to use each underlying asset for the lease term and the lease obligation liability represents the Company's obligation over the lease term. The Company's lease obligation is recorded at the present value of the lease payments based on the term of the applied lease. The collateralized discount rate used to calculate the present value of future minimum lease payments is based, where appropriate, on current industry borrowing rates for financial companies with similar ratings. The Company excludes options to extend or terminate a lease from our recognition as part of our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities until those options are known and/or executed, as the Company typically does not exercise options to purchase the underlying leased asset. As an accounting policy election, the Company has elected the practical expedient of not separating lease components from non-lease components to each major asset class. Short-term leases of 12 months or less are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and lease payments are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Stock-Based Compensation	We currently have two equity compensation plans. One plan allows us to grant restricted and unrestricted stock, stock appreciation rights, incentive stock options, and non-qualified stock options to employees. The other plan allows us to grant restricted and non-qualified stock options to non-employee directors.
Comprehensive Income	We report comprehensive income (loss) in accordance with GAAP on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Comprehensive income includes all changes in stockholders' equity during a period except those resulting from investments by and dividends to stockholders. While total comprehensive income (loss) is largely driven by net income (loss) during the period, accumulated other comprehensive income or loss represents the cumulative balance of other comprehensive income, net of tax, as of the balance sheet date. Amounts reclassified to net income relate to the realized gains (losses) on investments and employee benefit costs which are included in Net investment gains (losses) and Other underwriting expenses, respectively, on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Subsequent Events	In the preparation of the accompanying financial statements, the Company has evaluated all material subsequent events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date on which the financial statements were issued for potential recognition or disclosure in the Company's financial statements. Beginning in early January 2025, there were a series of severe wildfires that impacted the Pacific Palisades neighborhood and Eaton Canyon area in Southern California. The Company's preliminary pre-tax estimate of catastrophe losses from these wildfires, including assessments from the California FAIR Plan, and net of estimated recoveries from reinsurance, is $7 million to $10 million. The catastrophe losses from these wildfires will be reflected in the Company's first quarter 2025 earnings.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards	Accounting Standards Adopted in 2024 In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in this update improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expense categories that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") and included in each reported measure of a segment's profit or loss. In addition, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements that are currently required annually, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, and contain other disclosure requirements. Further, the amendments require that entities with a single reportable segment must now provide all the disclosures previously required under Topic 280. The amendments in this update are incremental to the current requirements of Topic 280 and do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. The enhanced segment disclosure requirements apply retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The significant segment expense and other segment item amounts disclosed in prior periods shall be based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. The amendments in this update are effective for all public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. See Note 10 "Segment Information" in the accompanying notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details. Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in this update enhance the transparency of the income tax disclosures by expanding on the disclosures required annually. The amendments require entities to disclose in their rate reconciliation table additional categories of information about federal, state, and foreign income taxes, in addition to providing details about the reconciling items in some categories if above a quantitative threshold. Additionally, the amendments require annual disclosure of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by jurisdiction based on a quantitative threshold. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis, and retrospective application is permitted. We do not expect to early adopt this standard and are in the process of assessing its impact on our disclosures upon adoption. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This update requires public entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements on an interim and annual basis. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect to early adopt this standard and are in the process of assessing its impact on our disclosures upon adoption.
Fair Value Measurement	Current accounting guidance on fair value measurements includes the application of a fair value hierarchy that requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Our financial instruments that are recorded at fair value are categorized into a three-level hierarchy, which is based upon the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (i.e., Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (i.e., Level 3). Financial instruments recorded at fair value are categorized in the fair value hierarchy as follows: • Level 1 : Valuations are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical financial instruments in active markets that we have the ability to access at the measurement date. • Level 2 : Valuations are based on quoted prices for similar financial instruments in active markets, in markets that are not active or on inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly for the full term of the financial instrument. • Level 3 : Valuations are based on pricing or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement of the financial instrument. Such inputs may reflect management's own assumptions about the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the financial instrument. If the inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the category level is based on the lowest priority level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the financial instrument. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the investment. We review our fair value hierarchy categorizations on a quarterly basis at which time the classification of certain financial instruments may change if the input observations have changed. Transfers between levels, if any, are recorded as of the beginning of the reporting period. When a determination is made to classify an asset or liability within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the determination is based upon the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement. Because certain securities trade in less liquid or illiquid markets with limited or no pricing information, the determination of fair value for these securities is inherently more difficult. In addition to the unobservable inputs, Level 3 fair value investments may include observable components, which are components that are actively quoted or can be validated to market-based sources.
Earnings Per Share	Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share gives effect to all dilutive common shares outstanding during the reporting period. The dilutive shares we consider in our diluted earnings per share calculation relate to our outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards. We determine the dilutive effect of our outstanding stock options using the "treasury stock" method. Under this method, we assume the exercise of all of the outstanding stock options whose exercise price is less than the weighted-average market value of our common stock during the reporting period. This method also assumes that the proceeds from the hypothetical stock option exercises are used to repurchase shares of our common stock at the weighted-average market value of the stock during the reporting period. The net of the assumed stock options exercised and assumed common shares repurchased represents the number of dilutive common shares, which we add to the denominator of the earnings per share calculation.

Investments (Tables)

Investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Summary of Fair Value of Investments	The table that follows is a reconciliation of the amortized cost to fair value of investments in available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, presented on a consolidated basis as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. December 31, 2024 Type of Investment Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gain Gross Unrealized Loss Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Value AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE US Treasury and government agencies $ 126,402 $ 153 $ 9,255 $ — $ 117,301 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 252,936 52 5,084 — 247,904 Corporate 728,662 1,354 40,633 — 689,382 Residential mortgage-backed 623,431 864 40,884 — 583,411 Commercial mortgage-backed 102,975 624 44 — 103,554 Other asset-backed 127,125 593 940 — 126,779 Total asset-backed $ 853,531 $ 2,081 $ 41,868 $ — $ 813,744 Total Available-for-Sale $ 1,961,531 $ 3,640 $ 96,840 $ — $ 1,868,331 December 31, 2023 Type of Investment Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gain Gross Unrealized Loss Allowance for Credit Losses Fair Value AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE US Treasury and government agencies $ 153,751 $ 580 $ 8,977 $ — $ 145,354 Foreign government — — — — — States, municipalities and political subdivisions 618,686 1,033 4,960 — 614,759 Corporate 671,618 3,327 44,413 1 630,532 Asset-backed: — Residential mortgage-backed 323,592 1,346 32,911 — 292,027 Commercial mortgage-backed — — — — — Other asset-backed 3,394 524 87 — 3,831 Total asset-backed $ 326,986 $ 1,870 $ 32,998 $ — $ 295,858 Total Available-for-Sale $ 1,771,041 $ 6,810 $ 91,348 $ 1 $ 1,686,503
Summary of Maturities	Available-For-Sale December 31, 2024 Amortized Cost Fair Value Due in one year or less $ 113,847 $ 113,124 Due after one year through five years 301,844 296,271 Due after five years through 10 years 390,686 364,810 Due after 10 years 301,623 280,382 Asset-backed securities 853,531 813,744 $ 1,961,531 $ 1,868,331
Summary of Rollforward of Allowance for Credit Losses for Available-for-Sale Fixed Maturity Securities	The following table contains a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses for available-for-sale fixed maturity securities at December 31, 2024: Beginning balance, January 1, 2024 $ 1 Additions to the allowance for credit losses for which credit losses were not previously recorded $ — Reductions for securities sold during the period (realized) — Writeoffs charged against the allowance — Recoveries of amounts previously written off (1) Ending balance, December 31, 2024 $ —
Summary of Unrealized Gain and Loss	A summary of changes in net unrealized investment gain (loss), net of taxes, for 2024, 2023 and 2022, is as follows: 2024 2023 2022 Change in net unrealized investment gain (loss) Available-for-sale fixed maturities $ (6,675) $ 27,091 $ (174,858) Income tax effect 1,402 (5,689) 36,720 Total change in net unrealized investment gain (loss), net of tax $ (5,273) $ 21,402 $ (138,138)
Summary of Fixed Maturities Unrealized Loss	The following tables summarize our fixed maturity securities that were in an unrealized loss position reported on a consolidated basis at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The securities are presented by the length of time they have been continuously in an unrealized loss position. December 31, 2024 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Type of Investment Number of Issues Fair Gross Unrealized Number of Issues Fair Gross Unrealized Loss Fair Gross Unrealized Loss AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE US Treasury and government agencies 5 $ 16,006 $ 67 28 $ 83,386 $ 9,188 $ 99,392 $ 9,255 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 67 92,003 1,159 72 135,350 3,925 227,353 5,084 Corporate 73 203,142 4,474 154 370,211 36,159 573,352 40,633 Asset-backed: Residential mortgage-backed 79 318,810 4,549 131 151,879 36,335 470,689 40,884 Commercial mortgage-backed 4 8,198 44 — — — 8,198 44 Other asset-backed 14 32,645 804 2 3,915 136 36,560 940 Total asset-backed 97 $ 359,653 $ 5,397 133 $ 155,794 $ 36,471 $ 515,447 $ 41,868 Total Available-for-Sale 242 $ 670,804 $ 11,097 387 $ 744,741 $ 85,743 $ 1,415,544 $ 96,840 December 31, 2023 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Type of Investment Number of Issues Fair Gross Unrealized Number of Issues Fair Gross Unrealized Loss Fair Gross Unrealized Loss AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE US Treasury and government agencies 5 $ 15,124 $ 60 29 $ 84,092 $ 8,917 $ 99,216 $ 8,977 States, municipalities and political subdivisions 107 207,956 960 87 203,946 4,000 411,902 4,960 Corporate 16 44,381 451 203 483,644 43,962 528,025 44,413 Asset-backed: Residential mortgage-backed 9 17,881 137 139 186,144 32,774 204,025 32,911 Other asset-backed — — — 1 2,962 87 2,962 87 Total asset-backed 9 $ 17,881 $ 137 140 $ 189,106 $ 32,861 $ 206,987 $ 32,998 Total Available-for-Sale 137 $ 285,342 $ 1,608 459 $ 960,788 $ 89,740 $ 1,246,130 $ 91,348
Summary of Carrying Value of Commercial Mortgage Loans and Additional Information	The following tables present the carrying value of our commercial mortgage loans at December 31, 2024 and 2023: Commercial Mortgage Loans Loan-to-value December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Less than 65% $ 32,499 36,762 65%-75% 8,468 8,659 Total mortgage loans, gross of valuation allowance $ 40,967 $ 45,421 Valuation allowance (45) (55) Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance $ 40,922 $ 45,366 Mortgage Loans by Region December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Carrying Value Percent of Total Carrying Value Percent of Total U.S. Region East North Central $ 3,218 7.9 % $ 3,245 7.1 % Southern Atlantic 17,021 41.4 17,217 37.9 East South Central 7,257 17.7 7,526 16.6 New England 6,588 16.1 6,588 14.5 Middle Atlantic 2,078 5.1 5,979 13.2 Mountain 1,992 4.9 1,992 4.4 West North Central 2,813 6.9 2,874 6.3 Total mortgage loans at amortized cost $ 40,967 100.0 % $ 45,421 100.0 % Mortgage Loans by Property Type December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Carrying Value Percent of Total Carrying Value Percent of Total Property Type Multifamily $ 8,362 20.4 % $ 8,507 18.7 % Office 10,615 25.9 10,950 24.1 Industrial 9,912 24.2 9,985 22.0 Retail 10,000 24.4 10,000 22.0 Mixed use/Other 2,078 5.1 5,979 13.2 Total mortgage loans at amortized cost $ 40,967 100.0 % $ 45,421 100.0 %
Summary of Amortized Cost Basis by Year of Origination and Credit Quality Indicator	Amortized Cost Basis by Year of Origination and Credit Quality Indicator 2023 2022 2020 2019 2018 Total Risk Rating 1-2 internal grade $ 8,134 $ 98 $ 5,144 $ 7,737 $ 13,266 $ 34,379 3-4 internal grade — — — — 6,588 6,588 5 internal grade — — — — — — 6 internal grade — — — — — — 7 internal grade — — — — — — Total commercial mortgage loans $ 8,134 $ 98 $ 5,144 $ 7,737 $ 19,854 $ 40,967 Current-period write-offs — — — — — — Current-period recoveries — — — — — — Current-period net write-offs $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ —
Summary of Rollforward of Allowance for Mortgage Loan Losses	As of December 31, 2024, the Company had an allowance for mortgage loan losses of $45, summarized in the following rollforward: Beginning balance, January 1, 2024 $ 55 Current-period provision for expected credit losses — Write-off charged against the allowance, if any — Recoveries of amounts previously written off, if any (10) Ending balance, December 31, 2024 $ 45
Summary of Net Investment Gains and Losses	Details of net investment gains (losses) reported on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income were as follows: 2024 2023 2022 Fixed maturity, available-for-sale securities: Net realized gains (losses) on fixed maturity, available-for-sale securities $ (7,274) $ (442) $ (1,397) Change in allowance for credit losses 1 1 (3) Equity securities: Net realized gains (losses) on equity securities sold 1,362 150 (1,767) Unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities still held at reporting date — 1,842 (12,802) Net gains (losses) recognized on equity securities 1,362 1,992 (14,569) Net realized gains (losses) on mortgage loans 10 (5) 109 Net realized gains (losses) on other long-term assets 472 (319) (267) Net realized gains (losses) on real estate — 47 235 Total net investment gains (losses) $ (5,429) $ 1,274 $ (15,892)
Summary of Proceeds and Gross Realized Gains (Losses)	The proceeds and gross realized gains (losses) on the sale of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 are as follows: 2024 2023 2022 Proceeds from sales $ 491,771 $ 77,388 $ 83,559 Gross realized gains 2,127 265 459 Gross realized losses 9,401 707 1,857
Summary of Net Investment Income	Net investment income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, is comprised of the following: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Investment income: Interest on fixed maturities $ 69,703 $ 56,243 $ 48,702 Dividends on equity securities 341 3,548 5,163 Income on other long-term investments Investment income 6,492 2,833 4,742 Change in value (1) 1,447 (2,864) (7,930) Interest on mortgage loans 1,852 1,889 1,897 Interest on short-term investments 3,048 1,068 354 Interest on cash and cash equivalents 5,045 2,228 740 Other 5,006 4,139 780 Total investment income $ 92,934 $ 69,084 $ 54,448 Less investment expenses 10,948 9,478 9,516 Net investment income $ 81,986 $ 59,606 $ 44,932 (1) Represents the change in value of our interests in limited liability partnerships that are recorded on the equity method of accounting.

Fair Value of Financial Instr_2

Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Summary of Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis	The following tables present the categorization for our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2024 and 2023: December 31, 2024 Fair Value Measurements Description Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale: US Treasury and government agencies $ 117,301 $ 30,914 $ 86,387 $ — States, municipalities and political subdivisions 247,904 — 247,904 — Corporate 689,382 689,382 — Residential mortgage-backed 583,411 — 583,411 — Commercial mortgage-backed 103,554 — 103,554 — Asset-backed securities 126,779 126,779 — Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale 1,868,331 30,914 1,837,417 — Short-Term Investments 100 100 — — Money Market Accounts 23,098 23,098 — — Corporate-Owned Life Insurance 13,003 — 13,003 — Total Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value $ 1,904,532 $ 54,112 $ 1,850,420 $ — December 31, 2023 Fair Value Measurements Description Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale: US Treasury and government agencies $ 145,354 $ 50,861 $ 94,493 $ — States, municipalities and political subdivisions 614,759 — 614,759 — Corporate 630,532 — 625,640 4,892 Residential mortgage-backed 292,027 — 287,204 4,823 Asset-backed securities 3,831 — 2,962 869 Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale 1,686,503 50,861 1,625,058 10,584 Equity Securities Public utilities 3,993 3,993 — — Energy 9,477 9,477 — — Industrials 14,164 14,164 — — Consumer goods and services 11,385 11,385 — — Health care 2,060 2,060 — — Technology, media and telecommunications 6,405 6,405 — — Financial services 7,535 7,535 — — Total Equity Securities 55,019 55,019 — — Short-Term Investments 100 100 — — Money Market Accounts 20,333 20,333 — — Corporate-Owned Life Insurance 11,913 — 11,913 — Total Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value $ 1,773,868 $ 126,313 $ 1,636,971 $ 10,584
Summary of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value on Recurring Basis	The fair value of financial instruments that are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized below: December 31, 2024 Description Fair Value Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Net Asset Value Financial assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 177,851 $ 177,851 $ — $ — $ — Other Long Term Investments (1) 183,741 — 1,277 — 182,464 Mortgage Loans 38,879 — — 38,879 — Total $ 400,471 $ 177,851 $ 1,277 $ 38,879 $ 182,464 Financial Liabilities: Long Term Debt 108,353 — 108,353 — — Total $ 108,353 $ — $ 108,353 $ — $ — (1) As a member of Lloyd's, the Company participates in the Syndicate results which include the fair value of the investments. As of December 31, 2024, these investments are included in other long-term investments. The fair value of Lloyd's syndicate investments included in other long-term investments was $82.2 million as of December 31, 2024. Also included in our other long term investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets is our interest in limited liability partnerships with a current fair value of $100.3 million at December 31, 2024. December 31, 2023 Description Fair Value Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Net Asset Value Financial assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 81,713 $ 81,713 $ — $ — $ — Other Long Term Investments 99,507 — 1,249 — 98,258 Mortgage Loans 42,632 — — 42,632 — Total $ 223,852 $ 81,713 $ 1,249 $ 42,632 $ 98,258 Financial Liabilities: Long Term Debt 38,413 — — 38,413 — Total $ 38,413 $ — $ — $ 38,413 $ —
Summary of Changes in Fair Value of Level 3 Securities	The following tables summarize changes to the Company's financial instruments carried at fair value and classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The gains and losses below may include changes in fair value due in part to observable inputs that are a component of the valuation methodology. Year ended December 31, 2024 Corporate bonds Asset-backed securities Total Beginning Balance - January 1, 2024 $ 4,892 $ 5,692 $ 10,584 Realized gains (loss) (1) — — — Unrealized gains (losses) (1) — (869) (869) Purchases — — — Disposals — — — Amortization — — — Transfers in — — — Transfers out (4,892) (4,823) (9,715) Ending Balance - December 31, 2024 $ — $ — $ — (1) Unrealized gains (losses) are recorded as a component of comprehensive income. Year ended December 31, 2023 Corporate bonds Asset-backed securities Total Beginning Balance - January 1, 2023 $ 5,675 $ 801 $ 6,476 Realized gains (losses) (1) — — — Unrealized gains (losses) (1) (783) 68 (715) Purchases — — — Disposals — — — Amortization — — — Transfers in — 4,823 4,823 Transfers out — — — Ending Balance - December 31, 2023 $ 4,892 $ 5,692 $ 10,584 (1) Unrealized gains (losses) are recorded as a component of comprehensive income.

Reinsurance (Tables)

Reinsurance (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]
Summary of Effects of Reinsurance on Net Written Premiums, Earned Premiums and Loss and Loss Settlement Expenses	The effects of reinsurance on net written premiums, earned premiums and loss and loss settlement expenses are presented in the following table: Year ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Written premiums (1) : Direct 1,177,511 1,061,358 946,169 Assumed 217,904 159,335 137,786 Ceded (163,945) (153,792) (99,732) Net written premiums 1,231,470 1,066,901 984,223 Earned premiums: Direct 1,109,903 1,017,917 941,998 Assumed 214,043 161,628 111,283 Ceded (147,196) (144,958) (101,740) Net earned premiums 1,176,750 1,034,587 951,541 Loss and loss settlement expenses: Direct 641,410 763,609 655,775 Assumed 155,022 102,408 70,628 Ceded (51,827) (96,603) (89,102) Net loss and loss settlement expense 744,605 769,414 637,301 (1) See Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for definition of Net written premiums.
Summary of Rollforward of Credit Loss Allowance for Reinsurance Receivable	The following table provides a roll forward of the allowance for credit losses in our reinsurance recoverable balance at December 31, 2024: Rollforward of Credit Loss Allowance for Reinsurance Receivable As of December 31, 2024 Beginning balance, January 1, 2024 $ 97 Current-period provision for expected credit losses 6 Ending balance of the allowance for reinsurance receivable, December 31, 2024 $ 103
Summary of Reinsurance Programs and Retentions	2024 Reinsurance Programs Type of Reinsurance Stated Retention Exhaustion Point Placement and Limit Casualty Excess of Loss $ 3,000 $ 60,000 100 % of $ 57,000 Property Excess of Loss 3,000 25,000 100 % of $ 22,000 Property Semi-automatic Quota Share 25,000 50,000 100 % of $ 25,000 Surety Excess of Loss 5,000 50,000 100 % of $ 45,000 Marine Liability DUA Quota Share N/A 10,000 70 % of $ 10,000 Professional Liability DUA Quota Share N/A 5,000 55 % of $ 5,000 Specialty Casualty Variable Quota Share N/A 10,000 50 % of $ 10,000 Property Catastrophe Excess of Loss 20,000 130,000 100 % of $ 110,000 Earthquake DUA Catastrophe Excess of Loss 10,000 170,000 100 % of $ 160,000 Cyber Quota Share N/A 1,000 100 % of $ 1,000 Boiler and Machinery Quota Share N/A 100,000 100 % of $ 100,000 Pillar Occurrence Excess of Loss 5,000 15,000 42 % of $ 10,000 2023 Reinsurance Programs Type of Reinsurance Stated Retention Ground Up Limits Coverage Casualty Excess of Loss $ 3,000 $ 60,000 100 % of $ 57,000 Property Excess of Loss 3,000 25,000 100 % of $ 22,000 Surety Excess of Loss 2,000 50,000 100 % of $ 48,000 Marine Liability DUA Quota Share N/A 5,000 70 % of $ 5,000 Professional Liability DUA Quota Share N/A 5,000 70 % of $ 5,000 Specialty Casualty Variable Quota Share N/A 5,000 70 % of $ 5,000 Property Catastrophe Excess of Loss 20,000 200,000 100 % of $ 163,150 Cyber Quota Share N/A 1,000 100 % of $ 1,000 Boiler and Machinery Quota Share N/A 100,000 100 % of $ 100,000 Pillar Occurrence Excess of Loss 6,000 16,000 90 % of $ 10,000 Earthquake DUA Quota Share N/A 170,000 100 % of $ 56,525 2022 Reinsurance Programs Type of Reinsurance Stated Retention Ground Up Limits Coverage Casualty Excess of Loss $ 3,000 $ 60,000 100 % of $ 57,000 Property Excess of Loss 3,000 25,000 100 % of $ 22,000 Surety Excess of Loss 1,500 45,000 100 % of $ 43,500 Professional Liability DUA Quota Share N/A 5,000 70 % of $ 5,000 Property Catastrophe Excess of Loss 15,000 180,000 100 % of $ 162,075 Cyber Quota Share N/A 1,000 100 % of $ 1,000 Boiler and Machinery Quota Share N/A 100,000 100 % of $ 100,000 Pillar Occurrence Excess of Loss 5,000 15,000 66.5 % of $ 10,000 Earthquake DUA Quota Share N/A 180,000 100 % of $ 72,000

Reserves for Losses and Loss _2

Reserves for Losses and Loss Settlement Expenses (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Insurance Loss Reserves [Abstract]
Summary of Changes in Property and Casualty Losses and Loss Settlement Expense Reserves	The following table provides an analysis of changes in our property and casualty losses and loss settlement expense reserves for 2024, 2023 and 2022 (net of reinsurance amounts): Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Gross liability for losses and loss settlement expenses $ 1,638,755 $ 1,497,274 $ 1,514,265 Ceded losses and loss settlement expenses (191,640) (146,875) (112,900) Net liability for losses and loss settlement expenses $ 1,447,115 $ 1,350,399 $ 1,401,365 Losses and loss settlement expenses incurred Current year $ 745,813 $ 701,664 $ 624,411 Prior years (1,208) 67,750 12,890 Total incurred $ 744,605 $ 769,414 $ 637,301 Losses and loss settlement expense payments Current year $ 186,322 $ 191,899 $ 215,891 Prior years 406,699 480,800 472,377 Total paid $ 593,021 $ 672,699 $ 688,268 Net liability for losses and loss settlement expenses $ 1,598,699 $ 1,447,115 $ 1,350,399 Ceded losses and loss settlement expenses 198,083 191,640 146,875 Gross liability for losses and loss settlement expenses $ 1,796,782 $ 1,638,755 $ 1,497,274
Summary of Incurred and Paid Losses and Loss Settlement Expense Development	The following tables provide information about incurred and paid losses and loss settlement expense development as of December 31, 2024, net of reinsurance, as well as cumulative development, cumulative claim frequency and IBNR liabilities. The cumulative number of reported claims, for calendar years 2024, 2023 and 2022, are counted for all lines of business on a per claimant per coverage basis and a single event may result in multiple claims due to the involvement of multiple individual claimants and/or multiple independent coverages. Claim counts for calendar years 2016 and prior are counted on a per claim and per coverage basis. Claim counts include open claims, claims that have been paid and closed, and reported claims that have been closed without the need for any payment. Line of business: Commercial other liability Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance As of December 31, 2024 For the years ended December 31, Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims Cumulative development Cumulative number of reported claims Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 137,385 $ 125,307 $ 120,005 $ 127,091 $ 129,945 $ 131,325 $ 132,694 $ 136,161 $ 137,040 $ 138,091 $ 5,018 706 8,130 2016 139,144 130,041 136,275 142,397 140,784 148,324 153,490 159,284 164,989 9,335 25,845 10,013 2017 139,602 139,032 152,547 156,369 159,653 173,091 174,013 176,073 13,194 36,471 9,482 2018 163,059 172,894 176,496 187,841 197,696 207,501 213,536 21,040 50,477 9,293 2019 149,173 169,344 183,918 179,667 186,205 187,539 26,006 38,366 8,745 2020 171,013 158,022 162,471 179,080 181,687 38,560 10,674 6,579 2021 145,822 162,359 162,879 176,770 53,324 30,949 3,646 2022 161,826 175,579 181,924 64,502 20,097 3,232 2023 172,398 173,529 84,919 1,132 2,671 2024 215,235 173,740 1,722 Total $ 1,809,372 Line of business: Commercial other liability Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance For the years ended December 31, Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 11,185 $ 27,182 $ 53,901 $ 74,292 $ 96,339 $ 104,472 $ 109,540 $ 117,734 $ 126,364 $ 129,638 2016 13,782 38,184 63,526 88,885 102,757 115,107 126,561 136,400 141,445 2017 17,716 43,172 70,500 91,984 111,085 128,430 138,127 148,295 2018 16,200 44,772 79,168 105,515 130,942 158,851 179,469 2019 18,221 46,986 72,179 102,510 127,650 138,236 2020 17,011 43,596 60,114 98,592 110,931 2021 12,434 33,642 59,278 90,607 2022 10,468 42,168 69,896 2023 9,335 41,847 2024 10,732 Total $ 1,061,095 All outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses before 2015, net of reinsurance 16,838 Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance $ 765,115 Line of business: Commercial fire and allied Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance As of December 31, 2024 For the years ended December 31, Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims Cumulative development Cumulative number of reported claims Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 103,177 $ 108,293 $ 110,633 $ 108,235 $ 105,218 $ 104,646 $ 105,043 $ 104,978 $ 105,385 $ 105,451 $ 660 2,274 7,603 2016 147,473 144,208 143,721 143,724 143,108 144,109 145,351 142,644 142,814 639 (4,659) 9,883 2017 155,139 160,240 160,945 161,693 161,232 161,456 161,611 161,051 477 5,912 13,533 2018 143,280 146,950 146,378 146,010 147,356 147,058 147,085 709 3,805 10,799 2019 164,030 155,482 158,475 157,667 155,850 155,114 660 (8,916) 11,233 2020 207,207 201,391 202,929 207,256 209,588 1,710 2,381 14,666 2021 156,794 169,669 157,905 157,534 (15,185) 740 5,367 2022 161,776 170,594 171,958 12,470 10,182 4,294 2023 164,526 147,904 22,624 (16,622) 3,569 2024 124,467 49,233 2,499 Total $ 1,522,966 Line of business: Commercial fire and allied Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance For the years ended December 31, Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 67,217 $ 90,454 $ 95,515 $ 101,367 $ 104,115 $ 103,975 $ 104,127 $ 104,339 $ 104,638 $ 104,699 2016 92,895 125,962 132,429 137,907 139,353 141,104 142,248 141,008 142,038 2017 99,484 137,058 145,900 152,219 157,512 159,286 159,456 160,487 2018 92,770 123,559 133,703 137,794 141,841 145,021 145,954 2019 100,980 136,084 142,342 150,196 151,739 153,893 2020 128,704 173,055 192,902 197,602 205,357 2021 97,451 140,406 154,242 161,705 2022 96,160 138,479 150,710 2023 75,304 106,083 2024 58,228 Total $ 1,389,153 All outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses before 2015, net of reinsurance 1,439 Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance $ 135,251 Line of business: Commercial automobile Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance As of December 31, 2024 For the years ended December 31, Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims Cumulative development Cumulative number of reported claims Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 125,506 $ 129,816 $ 132,206 $ 138,987 $ 137,395 $ 137,335 $ 136,826 $ 137,240 $ 137,934 $ 137,390 $ (2) 11,884 20,091 2016 174,018 175,357 174,337 175,655 173,823 174,588 175,016 175,387 173,858 67 (160) 27,310 2017 227,919 224,553 235,110 233,159 233,007 233,535 234,229 231,093 450 3,174 32,910 2018 236,629 245,173 253,045 255,017 255,409 255,198 252,642 1,570 16,013 34,495 2019 279,229 291,139 289,929 282,155 282,680 276,095 2,143 (3,134) 34,773 2020 243,360 216,951 196,412 194,162 188,556 2,396 (54,804) 24,218 2021 179,880 172,599 173,708 169,172 4,856 (10,708) 12,371 2022 157,165 161,672 160,303 14,521 3,138 10,220 2023 153,502 146,433 22,329 (7,069) 9,478 2024 156,028 51,335 7,871 Total $ 1,891,571 Line of business: Commercial automobile Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance For the years ended December 31, Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 50,782 $ 78,225 $ 99,201 $ 118,395 $ 129,317 $ 134,100 $ 135,462 $ 137,075 $ 137,085 $ 137,116 2016 66,013 103,528 128,156 148,224 164,341 168,950 171,380 172,928 173,661 2017 81,311 126,644 166,170 197,893 212,947 223,076 228,749 228,129 2018 81,572 138,092 187,405 211,123 235,519 244,284 249,009 2019 91,919 153,244 205,614 246,800 264,151 268,355 2020 67,660 109,686 138,158 161,798 174,175 2021 64,381 99,116 128,283 146,436 2022 62,477 95,785 124,853 2023 56,175 85,483 2024 51,283 Total $ 1,638,501 All outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses before 2015, net of reinsurance 48 Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance $ 253,119 Line of business: Workers' compensation Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance As of December 31, 2024 For the years ended December 31, Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims Cumulative development Cumulative number of reported claims Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 53,788 $ 55,578 $ 51,003 $ 46,682 $ 46,019 $ 44,706 $ 43,751 $ 43,209 $ 43,654 $ 43,781 $ 1,181 (10,007) 5,686 2016 70,419 66,575 61,648 55,168 53,964 52,870 53,090 53,617 53,574 1,117 (16,845) 7,988 2017 76,184 69,528 55,982 51,874 49,362 47,801 48,074 47,943 1,398 (28,241) 8,226 2018 71,972 67,883 59,192 56,109 53,812 54,783 54,238 1,438 (17,734) 8,068 2019 52,136 49,189 49,336 48,945 49,084 49,807 (611) (2,329) 7,426 2020 45,365 46,612 43,724 46,624 45,524 (329) 159 4,603 2021 45,177 42,283 39,649 40,287 (1,050) (4,890) 1,897 2022 29,597 26,721 27,398 1,794 (2,199) 1,385 2023 29,262 28,742 3,302 (520) 1,174 2024 32,202 6,981 1,233 Total $ 423,496 Line of business: Workers' compensation Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance For the years ended December 31, Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 12,063 $ 27,304 $ 35,229 $ 38,424 $ 39,305 $ 40,034 $ 41,006 $ 41,211 $ 41,865 $ 41,978 2016 14,413 32,345 40,680 45,743 47,082 48,277 50,127 51,023 51,126 2017 14,647 31,309 38,083 41,672 43,833 45,508 45,742 46,154 2018 16,949 35,369 43,189 47,173 48,807 49,964 50,031 2019 13,582 29,668 38,382 43,044 46,101 47,308 2020 17,603 29,605 35,542 39,479 42,052 2021 17,949 29,453 34,074 36,512 2022 9,434 17,851 21,033 2023 10,227 18,085 2024 10,277 Total $ 364,556 All outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses before 2015, net of reinsurance 15,978 Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance $ 74,918 Line of business: Personal Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance As of December 31, 2024 For the years ended December 31, Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims Cumulative development Cumulative number of reported claims Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 42,847 $ 41,088 $ 40,336 $ 40,368 $ 40,220 $ 40,194 $ 40,189 $ 40,190 $ 40,191 $ 40,058 $ 5 (2,789) 9,553 2016 48,072 45,840 45,379 45,961 45,113 45,297 45,199 45,179 45,185 26 (2,887) 11,905 2017 60,330 59,342 58,695 58,544 59,023 58,790 58,863 58,788 191 (1,542) 14,717 2018 51,639 51,721 52,715 52,062 51,457 51,115 51,216 113 (423) 13,691 2019 59,548 58,378 58,745 57,929 57,630 57,559 98 (1,989) 13,613 2020 81,206 73,761 73,204 72,531 72,174 472 (9,032) 17,123 2021 28,537 26,489 26,372 26,338 165 (2,199) 2,592 2022 1,493 2,287 3,127 195 1,634 64 2023 2,391 2,374 (1,535) (17) 11 2024 8,648 7,452 2 Total $ 365,466 Line of business: Personal Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance For the years ended December 31, Accident Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 (Unaudited) 2015 $ 29,551 $ 37,431 $ 39,027 $ 39,428 $ 39,865 $ 40,029 $ 40,053 $ 40,053 $ 40,053 $ 40,053 2016 32,999 40,910 42,660 44,046 44,618 44,737 44,828 44,827 45,159 2017 42,135 53,111 55,982 57,169 57,824 58,206 58,377 58,597 2018 37,410 47,433 49,464 50,185 50,661 50,852 51,101 2019 40,544 52,390 54,935 56,658 56,852 56,971 2020 54,181 68,124 70,543 71,416 71,394 2021 20,298 23,829 24,889 25,764 2022 551 2,128 2,792 2023 297 3,089 2024 617 Total $ 355,538 All outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses before 2015, net of reinsurance 237 Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance $ 10,165
Summary of Unpaid Losses and Loss Settlement Expenses Liability	The reconciliation of the net incurred and loss development tables to the liability for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses in the consolidated statement of financial position is as follows: December 31, 2024 Net outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses: Commercial other liability $ 765,115 Commercial fire and allied 135,251 Commercial automobile 253,119 Commercial workers' compensation 74,918 Personal 10,165 All other lines 261,971 Net outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses 1,500,539 Net outstanding liabilities for unpaid unallocated loss settlement expenses 97,960 Fair value adjustment (purchase accounting adjustment for Mercer acquisition) 200 Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance 1,598,699 Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses: Commercial other liability 91,561 Commercial fire and allied 5,706 Commercial automobile 57 Commercial workers' compensation 30,124 Personal 72 All other lines 70,755 Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses 198,275 Reinsurance fair value amortization (purchase accounting adjustment for Mercer acquisition) (192) Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses 198,083 Total gross liability for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses $ 1,796,782
Summary of Average Historical Claims Duration	The following is supplementary information about average historical claims duration as of December 31, 2024. Average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age, net of reinsurance Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10 (Unaudited) Commercial other liability 7.6 % 14.7 % 14.8 % 15.7 % 11.2 % 8.4 % 6.4 % 5.9 % 4.7 % 2.4 % Commercial fire and allied 59.6 % 22.9 % 6.4 % 4.0 % 2.4 % 1.1 % 0.4 % — % 0.5 % 0.1 % Commercial automobile 36.0 % 21.0 % 16.9 % 12.4 % 7.7 % 3.1 % 1.7 % 0.6 % 0.2 % — % Commercial workers' compensation 32.9 % 31.4 % 14.5 % 7.9 % 4.0 % 2.4 % 1.6 % 1.0 % 0.8 % 0.3 % Personal 55.1 % 33.0 % 6.2 % 2.1 % 0.8 % 0.4 % 0.3 % 0.1 % 0.4 % — %

Statutory Reporting, Capital _2

Statutory Reporting, Capital Requirements and Dividends and Retained Earnings Restrictions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Statutory Insurance Financial Information [Abstract]
Summary of Statutory Capital and Surplus	Statutory capital and surplus in regards to policyholders at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 and statutory net income (loss) for the years then ended are as follows: 2024 2023 2022 Statutory Capital and Surplus $ 723,366 $ 635,474 $ 717,709 Statutory Net Income (Loss) $ 49,491 $ (13,251) $ 43,111

Income Tax (Tables)

Income Tax (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Summary of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	Income tax expense (benefit) is composed of the following: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Current $ 23,468 $ (2,217) $ 1,627 Deferred (8,391) (7,803) (4,581) Income tax expense (benefit) $ 15,077 $ (10,021) $ (2,954)
Summary of Income Tax Expense Reconciliation	A reconciliation of income tax expense (benefit) computed at the applicable federal tax rate of 21.0 percent in 2024, 2023 and 2022 to the amount recorded in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income is as follows: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Income (loss) before taxes $ 77,034 $ (39,721) $ 12,077 Federal statutory rate 21 % 21 % 21 % Expected income tax expense (benefit) $ 16,177 $ (8,339) $ 2,536 Tax-exempt municipal bond interest income (1,881) (2,763) (3,115) Nontaxable dividend income (27) (269) (378) Compensation 1,228 596 582 Research & development credit (16) 540 (1,591) Other, net (404) 215 (988) Income tax expense (benefit) $ 15,077 $ (10,021) $ (2,954)
Summary of Components of Net Deferred Tax Liability	The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following at December 31, 2024 and 2023: December 31, 2024 2023 Deferred tax assets Financial statement reserves in excess of income tax reserves $ 23,203 $ 20,414 Unearned premium adjustment 22,700 20,618 Employee profit sharing 3,112 1,623 Other-than-temporary impairment of investments 14 451 Compensation expense related to stock options 1,410 1,760 Nonqualified deferred compensation 2,400 2,493 Net unrealized gain (loss) - all other securities 19,572 17,753 Revaluation of investment basis (1) — 23 Other 3,639 3,067 Gross deferred tax asset 76,050 68,202 Valuation allowance — — Deferred tax asset 76,050 68,202 Deferred tax liabilities Net unrealized gain (loss) on Equity securities — 5,414 Deferred policy acquisition costs 30,459 26,572 Investments in partnerships 1,938 1,713 Over funded pension benefit 4,694 4,256 Prepaid pension cost 8,086 7,090 Net bond discount accretion 705 213 Depreciation 3,085 3,637 Identifiable intangible assets (1) 945 944 Capitalized Software 534 2,310 Other 2,586 2,432 Gross deferred tax liability 53,032 54,581 Net deferred tax asset (liability) $ 23,018 $ 13,621 (1) Related to our acquisition of Mercer Insurance Group, Inc.

Employee Benefits (Tables)

Employee Benefits (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Summary of Actual and Target Asset Allocation of Plan Assets	The following is a summary of the pension plan's actual and target asset allocations at December 31, 2024 and 2023 by asset category: Target Pension Plan Assets 2024 % of Total 2023 % of Total Allocation Hedge portfolio: 80 % Fixed Maturity Securities: Corporate bonds $ 147,336 61.1 % $ 166,063 62.9 % Foreign Bonds 15,960 6.6 — — Federal Agency 5,185 2.1 — — Private Placement 3,319 1.4 — — Mortgage/Asset Backed Securities 732 0.3 — — Money Market Funds 546 0.2 785 0.3 Pooled separate accounts: Liquid assets separate account fund 8,872 3.7 4,475 1.7 Short-term income separate account fund 5,169 2.1 — — Return seeking portfolio: 20 % Equity Securities — — 53,981 20.5 Pooled separate accounts: U.S. property separate account fund 6,688 2.8 25,407 9.6 LargeCap S&P 500 index 31,968 13.3 MidCap S&P 400 index 6,227 2.6 SmallCap S&P 600 index 4,163 1.7 International equity index 5,017 2.1 United Life annuity — — 13,195 5.0 Total plan assets $ 241,182 100.0 % $ 263,906 100.0 % 100.0 %
Summary of Categories of Pension Plan Assets at Fair Value on Recurring Basis	The following tables present the categorization of the pension plan's assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2024 and 2023: Fair Value Measurements Description December 31, 2024 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fixed maturity securities Corporate bonds $ 147,336 $ — $ 147,336 $ — Foreign Bonds 15,960 — 15,960 — Federal Agency 5,185 — 5,185 — Private Placement 3,319 — 3,319 — Mortgage/Asset Backed Securities 732 — 732 — Money Market Funds 546 546 — — Pooled separate accounts: Liquid assets separate account fund 8,872 — 8,872 — Short-term income separate account fund 5,169 5,169 — — U.S. property separate account fund 6,688 — — 6,688 LargeCap S&P 500 index 31,968 31,968 — — MidCap S&P 400 index 6,227 6,227 — — SmallCap S&P 600 index 4,163 4,163 — — International equity index 5,017 5,017 — — Total assets measured at fair value $ 241,182 $ 53,090 $ 181,404 $ 6,688 Fair Value Measurements Description December 31, 2023 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Fixed maturity securities $ 166,063 $ — $ 166,063 $ — Equity securities 53,981 53,981 — — Pooled separate accounts Liquid assets separate account fund 4,475 4,475 — U.S. property separate account fund 25,407 — — 25,407 Money market funds 772 772 — — Total assets measured at fair value $ 250,698 $ 54,753 $ 170,538 $ 25,407
Summary of Changes in Fair Value of Pension Plan Securities	The following tables provide a summary of the changes in fair value of the pension plan's Level 3 securities: U.S. property separate account fund Balance at January 1, 2024 $ 25,407 Unrealized losses (564) Expenses (54) Transfers out (18,101) Balance at December 31, 2024 $ 6,688 U.S. property separate account fund Balance at January 1, 2023 $ 28,468 Unrealized losses (3,061) Balance at December 31, 2023 $ 25,407
Summary of Actuarial Assumptions Used	The following actuarial assumptions were used to determine the reported plan benefit obligations at December 31: Weighted-average assumptions as of Pension Benefits Post-retirement Benefits December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Discount rate 5.54 % 4.93 % N/A N/A Interest crediting rate 4.00 4.00 N/A N/A Rate of compensation increase 4.00 4.00 N/A N/A The following actuarial assumptions were used at January 1 to determine our reported net periodic benefit costs for the year ended December 31: Weighted-average assumptions as of Pension Benefits Post-retirement Benefits January 1, 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 Discount rate 4.93 % 5.15 % 2.84 % N/A N/A 0.48 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 5.70 6.70 6.70 N/A N/A N/A Rate of compensation increase 4.00 3.00 3.00 N/A N/A N/A
Summary of Reconciliation of Benefit Obligations, Plan Assets, and Funded Status	The following table provides a reconciliation of benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status of our plans: Pension Benefits Post-retirement Benefits Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Reconciliation of benefit obligation Benefit obligation at beginning of year (2) $ 209,867 $ 201,676 $ — $ — Service cost 3,287 3,817 — — Interest cost 9,913 10,106 — — Actuarial loss (gain) (15,634) 3,112 — — Benefit payments (9,350) (8,831) — — Settlement - lump sums paid (17,759) — Benefit obligation at end of year (1) $ 180,324 $ 209,880 $ — $ — Reconciliation of fair value of plan assets Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year (2) $ 263,893 $ 229,701 $ — $ — Actual return on plan assets 4,398 43,036 — Benefit payments (9,350) (8,831) — — Settlement - lump sums paid (17,759) — — — Fair value of plan assets at end of year $ 241,182 $ 263,906 $ — $ — Funded status at end of year $ 60,858 $ 54,026 $ — $ — (1) For the pension plan, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation. For the post-retirement benefit plan, the benefit obligation is the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation. (2) For end of year 2023 benefit obligation and fair value, an adjustment of 13 (thousand) was made reflecting an estimate provided to the current sole-custodian of the fund assets from a separate third-party managed custodian. The beginning of year 2024 balances were updated to reflect actual valuation as there is now only one custodian of fund assets.
Summary of Amounts Recognized in AOCI	The following table displays the effect that the unrecognized prior service cost and unrecognized actuarial loss of our plans had on accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI"), as reported in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets: Pension Benefits Post-retirement Benefits Years Ended December 31 2024 2023 2024 2023 Amounts recognized in AOCI Unrecognized prior service cost $ (17,224) $ (20,119) $ — $ — Unrecognized actuarial (gain) loss (5,131) (146) — — Total amounts recognized in AOCI $ (22,354) $ (20,265) $ — $ —
Summary of Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost	The components of the net periodic benefit cost for our pension and post-retirement benefit plans are as follows: Pension Plan Post-retirement Benefit Plan Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 2024 2023 2022 Net periodic benefit cost Service cost $ 3,287 $ 3,817 $ 4,481 $ — $ — $ — Interest cost 9,913 10,106 7,730 — — 2 Expected return on plan assets (14,541) (15,025) (18,891) — — — Amortization of prior service cost (2,896) (3,280) (3,280) — — (15,085) Effect of partial curtailment (506) (2,666) — — — (26) Amortization of net loss — 207 777 — — 2,824 Net periodic benefit cost $ (4,743) $ (6,841) $ (9,183) $ — $ — $ (12,285)
Summary of Expected Benefit Payments	The following table summarizes the expected benefits to be paid from our plans over the next 10 years: 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030-2034 Pension benefits $ 14,600 $ 13,000 $ 13,540 $ 13,830 $ 14,200 $ 75,300

Stock-Based Compensation (Table

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Summary of Activity in Stock Award Plans	The activity in the Stock Plan is displayed in the following table: Year Ended From Inception to Authorized Shares Available for Future Award Grants December 31, 2024 December 31, 2024 Beginning balance 1,150,834 1,900,000 Additional shares authorized — 2,150,000 Number of awards granted (413,679) (4,387,536) Number of awards forfeited or expired 598,434 1,673,125 Ending balance 1,335,589 1,335,589 Number of option awards exercised 27,584 1,564,920 Number of unrestricted stock awards granted — 10,090 Number of restricted stock awards vested 52,672 353,108 The activity in the Director Stock Plan is displayed in the following table: Year Ended From Inception to Authorized Shares Available for Future Award Grants December 31, 2024 December 31, 2024 Beginning balance 103,600 300,000 Additional authorization — 150,000 Number of awards granted (32,190) (418,808) Number of awards forfeited or expired — 40,218 Ending balance 71,410 71,410 Number of option awards exercised — 152,336 Number of restricted stock awards vested 31,380 169,336
Summary of Recognition of Stock-Based Compensation Expense	We expect this compensation to be recognized in subsequent years according to the following table, except with respect to awards that are accelerated by the Board of Directors, in which case we will recognize any remaining compensation expense in the period in which the awards are accelerated. 2025 $ 4,838 2026 3,097 2027 657 2028 — Total $ 8,592
Summary of Analysis of Award Activity	The analysis below details the option award activity for 2024 and the awards outstanding at December 31, 2024, for both of our plans and ad hoc options, which were granted prior to the adoption of the other plans: Options Shares Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Life (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding at January 1, 2024 795,676 $ 35.55 Granted — — Exercised (27,584) 29.28 Cancelled/Forfeited (96,914) 36.32 Expired (445,051) 37.12 Outstanding at December 31, 2024 226,127 $ 32.91 5.96 $ — Exercisable at December 31, 2024 148,608 $ 35.33 4.83 $ —
Summary of Restricted Stock Award Activity	The analysis below details the award activity for the restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards outstanding at December 31, 2024: Restricted stock awards Shares Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Non-vested at January 1, 2024 291,439 $ 27.42 Granted 445,869 22.03 Vested (108,636) 25.58 Forfeited (43,100) 27.90 PSU projected performance adjustment 11,215 23.02 Non-vested at December 31, 2024 596,787 $ 23.67
Summary of Weighted-average Grant-Date Fair Value Assumptions	The weighted-average grant-date fair value of the options granted under our plans has been estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions. There were no option grants during 2024. December 31, 2024 2023 2022 Risk-free interest rate NA 4.09 % 2.18 % Expected volatility (historical) NA 41.85 % 40.56 % Expected option life (in years) NA 7 7 Expected dividends (in dollars) NA $ 0.64 $ 0.61 Weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year (in dollars) NA $ 10.95 $ 10.49
Summary of Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable	The following table summarizes information regarding the stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2024: Options Outstanding Options Exercisable Range of Exercise Prices Number Outstanding (in shares) Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Weighted-Average Exercise Price Number Exercisable (in shares) Weighted-Average Exercise Price $ 20.24 27.54 12,853 7.18 $ 24.87 7,847 $ 25.69 27.55 28.76 90,440 8.15 28.39 30,142 28.39 28.77 29.48 33,139 4.28 29.32 29,893 29.30 29.49 40.61 41,106 4.91 33.42 32,137 34.50 40.62 54.26 48,589 3.61 45.45 48,589 45.45 $ 20.24 54.26 226,127 5.96 $ 32.91 148,608 $ 35.33

Earnings Per Common Share (Tabl

Earnings Per Common Share (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Summary of Components of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share	The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share: Years Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2022 (In Thousands Except Share and Per Share Data) Basic Diluted Basic Diluted Basic Diluted Net income (loss) $ 61,957 $ 61,957 $ (29,700) $ (29,700) $ 15,031 $ 15,031 Weighted-average common shares outstanding 25,319,973 25,319,973 25,249,269 25,249,269 25,160,809 25,160,809 Add dilutive effect of restricted stock awards — 597,787 — — — 157,387 Add dilutive effect of stock options — — — — — — Weighted-average common shares 25,319,973 25,917,760 25,249,269 25,249,269 25,160,809 25,318,196 Earnings (loss) per common share $ 2.45 $ 2.39 $ (1.18) $ (1.18) $ 0.60 $ 0.59 Awards excluded from diluted calculation (1) — 222,186 — 791,735 — 585,853 (1) Outstanding awards that are not "in-the-money" are excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation because the effect of including them would have been anti-dilutive.

Lease Commitments (Tables)

Lease Commitments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Leases [Abstract]
Summary of Components of Operating Leases	The components of our operating leases were as follows: As of December 31, 2024 As of December 31, 2023 Components of lease expense: Operating lease expense $ 9,436 $ 9,187 Less: Lessor income 581 507 Less: Sublease income 532 532 Net lease expense $ 8,323 $ 8,148 Cash flows information related to leases: Operating cash outflow from operating leases $ 8,365 $ 8,219
Summary of Lease Balance Sheet Information	The following table provides supplemental information regarding our operating leases: As of December 31, 2024 As of December 31, 2023 Operating lease right-of-use assets (Other assets on Consolidated Balance Sheets) $ 21,412 $ 29,184 Operating lease liabilities (Accrued expenses and other liabilities on Consolidated Balance Sheets) $ 21,867 $ 29,668 Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities $ 635 $ 9,336 Weighted average remaining lease term 2.98 years 3.77 years Weighted average discount rate 4.37 % 4.17 %
Summary of Maturity of Lease Liabilities	The maturities of our lease liabilities: As of December 31, 2024 As of December 31, 2023 2024 $ — $ 9,361 2025 9,168 9,029 2026 7,919 7,748 2027 3,765 3,617 2028 1,800 1,696 2029 418 383 Thereafter 427 428 Total lease payments 23,497 32,262 Less: Imputed interest (1,630) (2,594) Lease liability $ 21,867 $ 29,668
Summary of Maturities of Lease Receivables	The maturities of our lease receivables: As of December 31, 2024 As of December 31, 2023 2024 $ — $ 1,051 2025 1,066 1,066 2026 1,124 1,124 2027 1,092 1,092 2028 584 584 2029 582 582 Thereafter 2,109 2,109 Total lease payments receivable $ 6,557 $ 7,608

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Summary of Interest Payments	A.M. Best Co. Financial Strength Rating Applicable Interest Rate A+ 5.875% A 6.375% A- 6.875% B++ (or lower) 7.375%

Intangible Assets (Tables)

Intangible Assets (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Summary of Major Classes of Intangible Assets	Our major classes of intangible assets are presented in the following table: Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 Agency relationships, cost $ 10,338 $ 10,338 Accumulated amortization (9,617) (9,040) Agency relationships, carrying value $ 721 $ 1,298 Trade names, cost $ 1,978 $ 1,978 Accumulated amortization (1,813) (1,681) Trade names, carrying value $ 165 $ 297 State insurance licenses (1) $ 3,020 $ 3,020 Net intangible assets $ 3,906 $ 4,615 (1) The intangible asset for licenses has an indefinite life and therefore is not amortized.
Summary of Estimated Useful Lives of Amortizable Intangible Assets	The estimated useful lives assigned to our major classes of amortizable intangible assets are as follows: Useful Life Agency relationships Fifteen years Trade names Fifteen years
Summary of Estimated Aggregate Amortization Expense	Our estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the next five years is as follows: 2025 $ 709 2026 177 2027 – 2028 – 2029 –

Accumulated Other Comprehensi_2

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Equity [Abstract]
Summary of Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	The following table shows the changes in the components of our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022: Net benefit Foreign Net unrealized plan assets currency gain (loss) and translation on investments obligations adjustment Total Balance as of January 1, 2022 $ 49,769 $ 4,568 $ — $ 54,337 Change in accumulated other comprehensive income before reclassifications (139,183) (6,540) — (145,723) Reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) 1,045 2,845 — 3,890 Balance as of December 31, 2022 $ (88,369) $ 873 $ — $ (87,496) Change in accumulated other comprehensive income before reclassifications 20,835 14,973 — 35,808 Reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive income 567 164 — 731 Balance as of December 31, 2023 $ (66,967) $ 16,010 $ — $ (50,957) Change in accumulated other comprehensive income before reclassifications (10,639) 1,650 (200) (9,189) Reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive income 5,365 — — 5,365 Balance as of December 31, 2024 $ (72,241) $ 17,660 $ (200) $ (54,781)

Property and Equipment (Tables)

Property and Equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Summary of Components of Property and Equipment	The following table is a summary of the components of the property and equipment that are reported in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. 2024 2023 Real estate: Land $ 76,420 $ 78,683 Buildings 1,202 1,203 Furniture and fixtures 3,555 4,451 Internally developed software 54,377 48,787 Other computer equipment and software 467 1,123 Total property and equipment $ 136,021 $ 134,247 Depreciation is computed primarily by the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: Useful Life Computer equipment and software Three years Furniture and fixtures Seven years Internally developed software Ten years Leasehold improvements Shorter of the lease term or useful life of the asset Real estate Seven years to thirty-nine years

Summary of Significant Accoun_3

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) segment plan	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items
Number of operating segments | segment	1
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 200,949	$ 102,046
Number of equity compensation plans | plan	2
Minimum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items
Useful Life	2 years
Minimum | Loss from Catastrophes
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items
Pre-tax estimate of catastrophe losses from wildfires	$ 7,000
Maximum
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items
Useful Life	15 years
Maximum | Loss from Catastrophes
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items
Pre-tax estimate of catastrophe losses from wildfires	$ 10,000
Supporting Funds Deposit at Lloyds
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 31,739

Investments - Fair Value of Inv

Investments - Fair Value of Investments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE
Amortized Cost	$ 1,961,531	$ 1,771,041
Gross Unrealized Gain	3,640	6,810
Gross Unrealized Loss	96,840	91,348
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	1
Fair Value	1,868,331	1,686,503
US Treasury and government agencies
AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE
Amortized Cost	126,402	153,751
Gross Unrealized Gain	153	580
Gross Unrealized Loss	9,255	8,977
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Fair Value	117,301	145,354
Foreign government
AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE
Amortized Cost		0
Gross Unrealized Gain		0
Gross Unrealized Loss		0
Allowance for Credit Losses		0
Fair Value		0
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE
Amortized Cost	252,936	618,686
Gross Unrealized Gain	52	1,033
Gross Unrealized Loss	5,084	4,960
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Fair Value	247,904	614,759
Corporate
AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE
Amortized Cost	728,662	671,618
Gross Unrealized Gain	1,354	3,327
Gross Unrealized Loss	40,633	44,413
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	1
Fair Value	689,382	630,532
Residential mortgage-backed
AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE
Amortized Cost	623,431	323,592
Gross Unrealized Gain	864	1,346
Gross Unrealized Loss	40,884	32,911
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Fair Value	583,411	292,027
Commercial mortgage-backed
AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE
Amortized Cost	102,975	0
Gross Unrealized Gain	624	0
Gross Unrealized Loss	44	0
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Fair Value	103,554	0
Other asset-backed
AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE
Amortized Cost	127,125	3,394
Gross Unrealized Gain	593	524
Gross Unrealized Loss	940	87
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Fair Value	126,779	3,831
Asset-backed securities
AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE
Amortized Cost	853,531	326,986
Gross Unrealized Gain	2,081	1,870
Gross Unrealized Loss	41,868	32,998
Allowance for Credit Losses	0	0
Fair Value	$ 813,744	$ 295,858

Investments - Maturities (Detai

Investments - Maturities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Available-For-Sale, Amortized Cost
Due in one year or less	$ 113,847
Due after one year through five years	301,844
Due after five years through 10 years	390,686
Due after 10 years	301,623
Amortized Cost	1,961,531	$ 1,771,041
Fair Value
Due in one year or less	113,124
Due after one year through five years	296,271
Due after five years through 10 years	364,810
Due after 10 years	280,382
Fair Value	1,868,331	1,686,502
Asset-backed securities
Available-For-Sale, Amortized Cost
Securities not categorized by contractual maturity	853,531
Amortized Cost	853,531	$ 326,986
Fair Value
Securities not categorized by contractual maturity	813,744
Total fixed maturities
Available-For-Sale, Amortized Cost
Amortized Cost	1,961,531
Fair Value
Fair Value	$ 1,868,331

Investments - Rollforward of Al

Investments - Rollforward of Allowance for Credit Losses for Available-for-Sale Fixed Maturity Securities (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance, January 1, 2024	$ 1
Additions to the allowance for credit losses for which credit losses were not previously recorded	0
Reductions for securities sold during the period (realized)	0
Writeoffs charged against the allowance	0
Recoveries of amounts previously written off	(1)
Ending balance, December 31, 2024	$ 0

Investments - Unrealized Gain a

Investments - Unrealized Gain and Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Change in net unrealized investment gain (loss)
Available-for-sale fixed maturities	$ (6,675)	$ 27,091	$ (174,858)
Income tax effect	1,402	(5,689)	36,720
Total change in net unrealized investment gain (loss), net of tax	$ (5,273)	$ 21,402	$ (138,138)

Investments - Fixed Maturities

Investments - Fixed Maturities Unrealized Loss (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) issue	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) issue
Number of Issues
Less than 12 months | issue	242	137
12 months or longer | issue	387	459
Fair Value
Less than 12 months	$ 670,804	$ 285,342
12 months or longer	744,741	960,788
Total	1,415,544	1,246,130
Gross Unrealized Loss
Less than 12 months	11,097	1,608
12 months or longer	85,743	89,740
Total	$ 96,840	$ 91,348
US Treasury and government agencies
Number of Issues
Less than 12 months | issue	5	5
12 months or longer | issue	28	29
Fair Value
Less than 12 months	$ 16,006	$ 15,124
12 months or longer	83,386	84,092
Total	99,392	99,216
Gross Unrealized Loss
Less than 12 months	67	60
12 months or longer	9,188	8,917
Total	$ 9,255	$ 8,977
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
Number of Issues
Less than 12 months | issue	67	107
12 months or longer | issue	72	87
Fair Value
Less than 12 months	$ 92,003	$ 207,956
12 months or longer	135,350	203,946
Total	227,353	411,902
Gross Unrealized Loss
Less than 12 months	1,159	960
12 months or longer	3,925	4,000
Total	$ 5,084	$ 4,960
Corporate
Number of Issues
Less than 12 months | issue	73	16
12 months or longer | issue	154	203
Fair Value
Less than 12 months	$ 203,142	$ 44,381
12 months or longer	370,211	483,644
Total	573,352	528,025
Gross Unrealized Loss
Less than 12 months	4,474	451
12 months or longer	36,159	43,962
Total	$ 40,633	$ 44,413
Residential mortgage-backed
Number of Issues
Less than 12 months | issue	79	9
12 months or longer | issue	131	139
Fair Value
Less than 12 months	$ 318,810	$ 17,881
12 months or longer	151,879	186,144
Total	470,689	204,025
Gross Unrealized Loss
Less than 12 months	4,549	137
12 months or longer	36,335	32,774
Total	$ 40,884	$ 32,911
Commercial mortgage-backed
Number of Issues
Less than 12 months | issue	4
12 months or longer | issue	0
Fair Value
Less than 12 months	$ 8,198
12 months or longer	0
Total	8,198
Gross Unrealized Loss
Less than 12 months	44
12 months or longer	0
Total	$ 44
Other asset-backed
Number of Issues
Less than 12 months | issue	14	0
12 months or longer | issue	2	1
Fair Value
Less than 12 months	$ 32,645	$ 0
12 months or longer	3,915	2,962
Total	36,560	2,962
Gross Unrealized Loss
Less than 12 months	804	0
12 months or longer	136	87
Total	$ 940	$ 87
Asset-backed securities
Number of Issues
Less than 12 months | issue	97	9
12 months or longer | issue	133	140
Fair Value
Less than 12 months	$ 359,653	$ 17,881
12 months or longer	155,794	189,106
Total	515,447	206,987
Gross Unrealized Loss
Less than 12 months	5,397	137
12 months or longer	36,471	32,861
Total	$ 41,868	$ 32,998

Investments - Narrative (Detail

Investments - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Securities on deposit as required by law	$ 110,335	$ 106,297
Allowance for mortgage loan losses	$ 45	$ 55
Financing Receivable, Accrued Interest, After Allowance For Credit Loss, Statement Of Financial Position, Extensible List, Not Disclosed Flag	accrued interest
Accrued interest excluded from carrying value	$ 157
Remaining potential contractual obligation	$ 23,100

Investments - Carrying Value of

Investments - Carrying Value of Commercial Mortgage Loans and Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, gross of valuation allowance	$ 40,967	$ 45,421
Valuation allowance	(45)	(55)
Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance	40,922	45,366
Total mortgage loans at amortized cost | Mortgage Loans by Region
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance	$ 40,967	$ 45,421
Percent of Total	100%	100%
Total mortgage loans at amortized cost | Mortgage Loans by Region | East North Central
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance	$ 3,218	$ 3,245
Percent of Total	7.90%	7.10%
Total mortgage loans at amortized cost | Mortgage Loans by Region | Southern Atlantic
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance	$ 17,021	$ 17,217
Percent of Total	41.40%	37.90%
Total mortgage loans at amortized cost | Mortgage Loans by Region | East South Central
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance	$ 7,257	$ 7,526
Percent of Total	17.70%	16.60%
Total mortgage loans at amortized cost | Mortgage Loans by Region | New England
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance	$ 6,588	$ 6,588
Percent of Total	16.10%	14.50%
Total mortgage loans at amortized cost | Mortgage Loans by Region | Middle Atlantic
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance	$ 2,078	$ 5,979
Percent of Total	5.10%	13.20%
Total mortgage loans at amortized cost | Mortgage Loans by Region | Mountain
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance	$ 1,992	$ 1,992
Percent of Total	4.90%	4.40%
Total mortgage loans at amortized cost | Mortgage Loans by Region | West North Central
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance	$ 2,813	$ 2,874
Percent of Total	6.90%	6.30%
Total mortgage loans at amortized cost | Mortgage Loans by Property Type
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance	$ 40,967	$ 45,421
Percent of Total	100%	100%
Total mortgage loans at amortized cost | Mortgage Loans by Property Type | Multifamily
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance	$ 8,362	$ 8,507
Percent of Total	20.40%	18.70%
Total mortgage loans at amortized cost | Mortgage Loans by Property Type | Office
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance	$ 10,615	$ 10,950
Percent of Total	25.90%	24.10%
Total mortgage loans at amortized cost | Mortgage Loans by Property Type | Industrial
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance	$ 9,912	$ 9,985
Percent of Total	24.20%	22%
Total mortgage loans at amortized cost | Mortgage Loans by Property Type | Retail
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance	$ 10,000	$ 10,000
Percent of Total	24.40%	22%
Total mortgage loans at amortized cost | Mortgage Loans by Property Type | Mixed use/Other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance	$ 2,078	$ 5,979
Percent of Total	5.10%	13.20%
Less than 65%
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, gross of valuation allowance	$ 32,499	$ 36,762
65%-75%
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Total mortgage loans, gross of valuation allowance	$ 8,468	$ 8,659

Investments - Amortized Cost Ba

Investments - Amortized Cost Basis by Year of Origination and Credit Quality Indicator (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023	$ 8,134
2022	98
2020	5,144
2019	7,737
2018	19,854
Total	40,967	$ 45,421
Current-period write-offs
2023	0
2022	0
2020	0
2019	0
2018	0
Total	0
Current-period recoveries	0
Current-period net write-offs	0
1-2 internal grade
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023	8,134
2022	98
2020	5,144
2019	7,737
2018	13,266
Total	34,379
3-4 internal grade
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023	0
2022	0
2020	0
2019	0
2018	6,588
Total	6,588
5 internal grade
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023	0
2022	0
2020	0
2019	0
2018	0
Total	0
6 internal grade
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023	0
2022	0
2020	0
2019	0
2018	0
Total	0
7 internal grade
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
2023	0
2022	0
2020	0
2019	0
2018	0
Total	$ 0

Investments - Rollforward of _2

Investments - Rollforward of Allowance for Mortgage Loan Losses (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance, January 1, 2024	$ 55
Current-period provision for expected credit losses	0
Write-off charged against the allowance, if any	0
Recoveries of amounts previously written off, if any	(10)
Ending balance, December 31, 2024	$ 45

Investments - Net Investment Ga

Investments - Net Investment Gains and Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Realized Investment Gains (Losses) [Abstract]
Net realized gains (losses) on fixed maturity, available-for-sale securities	$ (7,274)	$ (442)	$ (1,397)
Change in allowance for credit losses	1	1	(3)
Net realized gains (losses) on equity securities sold	1,362	150	(1,767)
Unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities still held at reporting date	0	1,842	(12,802)
Net gains (losses) recognized on equity securities	1,362	1,992	(14,569)
Net realized gains (losses) on mortgage loans	10	(5)	109
Net realized gains (losses) on other long-term assets	472	(319)	(267)
Net realized gains (losses) on real estate	0	47	235
Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses)	$ (5,429)	$ 1,274	$ (15,892)

Investments - Gains (Losses) on

Investments - Gains (Losses) on the Sale of Available-for-sale Fixed Maturity Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Proceeds from sales	$ 491,771	$ 77,388	$ 83,559
Gross realized gains	2,127	265	459
Gross realized losses	$ 9,401	$ 707	$ 1,857

Investments - Net Investment In

Investments - Net Investment Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Investment Income, Reported Amounts, by Category [Line Items]
Other	$ 5,006	$ 4,139	$ 780
Total investment income	92,934	69,084	54,448
Less investment expenses	10,948	9,478	9,516
Net investment income	81,986	59,606	44,932
Total fixed maturities
Schedule of Investment Income, Reported Amounts, by Category [Line Items]
Interest	69,703	56,243	48,702
Equity securities
Schedule of Investment Income, Reported Amounts, by Category [Line Items]
Dividends	341	3,548	5,163
Other long-term investments
Schedule of Investment Income, Reported Amounts, by Category [Line Items]
Interest	6,492	2,833	4,742
Other long-term investments | Change in Value
Schedule of Investment Income, Reported Amounts, by Category [Line Items]
Other	1,447	(2,864)	(7,930)
Mortgage loans
Schedule of Investment Income, Reported Amounts, by Category [Line Items]
Interest	1,852	1,889	1,897
Short-term investments
Schedule of Investment Income, Reported Amounts, by Category [Line Items]
Interest	3,048	1,068	354
Cash and cash equivalents
Schedule of Investment Income, Reported Amounts, by Category [Line Items]
Interest	$ 5,045	$ 2,228	$ 740

Fair Value of Financial Instr_3

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	$ 1,868,331	$ 1,686,502
Total Equity Securities	0	55,019
Recurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	1,868,331	1,686,503
Total Equity Securities		55,019
Short-Term Investments	100	100
Money Market Accounts	23,098	20,333
Corporate-Owned Life Insurance	13,003	11,913
Total	1,904,532	1,773,868
Recurring | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	30,914	50,861
Total Equity Securities		55,019
Short-Term Investments	100	100
Money Market Accounts	23,098	20,333
Corporate-Owned Life Insurance	0	0
Total	54,112	126,313
Recurring | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	1,837,417	1,625,058
Total Equity Securities		0
Short-Term Investments	0	0
Money Market Accounts	0	0
Corporate-Owned Life Insurance	13,003	11,913
Total	1,850,420	1,636,971
Recurring | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	0	10,584
Total Equity Securities		0
Short-Term Investments	0	0
Money Market Accounts	0	0
Corporate-Owned Life Insurance	0	0
Total	0	10,584
Recurring | Public utilities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		3,993
Recurring | Public utilities | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		3,993
Recurring | Public utilities | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		0
Recurring | Public utilities | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		0
Recurring | Energy
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		9,477
Recurring | Energy | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		9,477
Recurring | Energy | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		0
Recurring | Energy | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		0
Recurring | Industrials
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		14,164
Recurring | Industrials | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		14,164
Recurring | Industrials | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		0
Recurring | Industrials | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		0
Recurring | Consumer goods and services
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		11,385
Recurring | Consumer goods and services | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		11,385
Recurring | Consumer goods and services | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		0
Recurring | Consumer goods and services | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		0
Recurring | Health care
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		2,060
Recurring | Health care | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		2,060
Recurring | Health care | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		0
Recurring | Health care | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		0
Recurring | Technology, media and telecommunications
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		6,405
Recurring | Technology, media and telecommunications | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		6,405
Recurring | Technology, media and telecommunications | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		0
Recurring | Technology, media and telecommunications | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		0
Recurring | Financial services
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		7,535
Recurring | Financial services | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		7,535
Recurring | Financial services | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		0
Recurring | Financial services | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Equity Securities		0
Recurring | US Treasury and government agencies
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	117,301	145,354
Recurring | US Treasury and government agencies | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	30,914	50,861
Recurring | US Treasury and government agencies | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	86,387	94,493
Recurring | US Treasury and government agencies | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	0	0
Recurring | States, municipalities and political subdivisions
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	247,904	614,759
Recurring | States, municipalities and political subdivisions | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	0	0
Recurring | States, municipalities and political subdivisions | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	247,904	614,759
Recurring | States, municipalities and political subdivisions | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	0	0
Recurring | Corporate
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	689,382	630,532
Recurring | Corporate | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale		0
Recurring | Corporate | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	689,382	625,640
Recurring | Corporate | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	0	4,892
Recurring | Residential mortgage-backed
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	583,411	292,027
Recurring | Residential mortgage-backed | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	0	0
Recurring | Residential mortgage-backed | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	583,411	287,204
Recurring | Residential mortgage-backed | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	0	4,823
Recurring | Commercial mortgage-backed
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	103,554
Recurring | Commercial mortgage-backed | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	0
Recurring | Commercial mortgage-backed | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	103,554
Recurring | Commercial mortgage-backed | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	0
Recurring | Asset-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	126,779	3,831
Recurring | Asset-backed securities | Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale		0
Recurring | Asset-backed securities | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	126,779	2,962
Recurring | Asset-backed securities | Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total Fixed Maturity, Available-for-Sale	$ 0	$ 869

Fair Value of Financial Instr_4

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details) - security	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Number of securities transferred out of level 3	2	2
Number of securities transferred into level 3	1	1

Fair Value of Financial Instr_5

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Fair Value of Financial Financial Instruments That Are Not Carried at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis (Details) - Nonrecurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 177,851	$ 81,713
Other Long Term Investments	183,741	99,507
Mortgage Loans	38,879	42,632
Total	400,471	223,852
Long Term Debt	108,353	38,413
Total	108,353	38,413
Limited liability partnerships
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other Long Term Investments	100,300
Lloyd's syndicate investments
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Other Long Term Investments	82,200
Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	177,851	81,713
Other Long Term Investments	0	0
Mortgage Loans	0	0
Total	177,851	81,713
Long Term Debt	0	0
Total	0	0
Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Other Long Term Investments	1,277	1,249
Mortgage Loans	0	0
Total	1,277	1,249
Long Term Debt	108,353	0
Total	108,353	0
Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Other Long Term Investments	0	0
Mortgage Loans	38,879	42,632
Total	38,879	42,632
Long Term Debt	0	38,413
Total	0	38,413
Net Asset Value
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Other Long Term Investments	182,464	98,258
Mortgage Loans	0	0
Total	182,464	98,258
Long Term Debt	0	0
Total	$ 0	$ 0

Fair Value of Financial Instr_6

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Level 3 Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Fair Value, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Asset, Gain (Loss), Statement Of Income, Extensible List, Not Disclosed Flag	Realized gains (loss) (1)
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Asset, Gain (Loss), Statement of Other Comprehensive Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Change in net unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Recurring
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 10,584	$ 6,476
Realized gains (losses)	0	0
Unrealized gains (losses)	(869)	(715)
Purchases	0	0
Disposals	0	0
Amortization	0	0
Transfers in	0	4,823
Transfers out	(9,715)	0
Ending Balance	0	10,584
Recurring | Corporate
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	4,892	5,675
Realized gains (losses)	0	0
Unrealized gains (losses)	0	(783)
Purchases	0	0
Disposals	0	0
Amortization	0	0
Transfers in	0	0
Transfers out	(4,892)	0
Ending Balance	0	4,892
Recurring | Asset-backed securities
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	5,692	801
Realized gains (losses)	0	0
Unrealized gains (losses)	(869)	68
Purchases	0	0
Disposals	0	0
Amortization	0	0
Transfers in	0	4,823
Transfers out	(4,823)	0
Ending Balance	$ 0	$ 5,692

Reinsurance - Effects of Reinsu

Reinsurance - Effects of Reinsurance on Net Written Premiums, Earned Premiums and Loss and Loss Settlement Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Written premiums:
Direct	$ 1,177,511	$ 1,061,358	$ 946,169
Assumed	217,904	159,335	137,786
Ceded	(163,945)	(153,792)	(99,732)
Net written premiums	1,231,470	1,066,901	984,223
Earned premiums:
Direct	1,109,903	1,017,917	941,998
Assumed	214,043	161,628	111,283
Ceded	(147,196)	(144,958)	(101,740)
Net earned premiums	1,176,750	1,034,587	951,541
Loss and loss settlement expenses:
Direct	641,410	763,609	655,775
Assumed	155,022	102,408	70,628
Ceded	(51,827)	(96,603)	(89,102)
Net loss and loss settlement expense	$ 744,605	$ 769,414	$ 637,301

Reinsurance - Narrative (Detail

Reinsurance - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]
Reinsurance recoverable	$ 20,811	$ 31,725

Reinsurance - Rollforward of Cr

Reinsurance - Rollforward of Credit Loss Allowance for Reinsurance Receivable (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Reinsurance Recoverable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance, January 1, 2024	$ 97
Current-period provision for expected credit losses	6
Ending balance of the allowance for reinsurance receivable, December 31, 2024	$ 103

Reinsurance - Reinsurance Progr

Reinsurance - Reinsurance Programs (Details) - Property And Casualty [Member] - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Casualty Excess of Loss
Reinsurance Retention [Line Items]
Stated Retention	$ 3,000	$ 3,000	$ 3,000
Exhaustion Point	$ 60,000	$ 60,000	$ 60,000
Placement	100%	100%	100%
Placement and Limit	$ 57,000	$ 57,000	$ 57,000
Property Excess of Loss
Reinsurance Retention [Line Items]
Stated Retention	3,000	3,000	3,000
Exhaustion Point	$ 25,000	$ 25,000	$ 25,000
Placement	100%	100%	100%
Placement and Limit	$ 22,000	$ 22,000	$ 22,000
Property Semi-automatic Quota Share
Reinsurance Retention [Line Items]
Stated Retention	25,000
Exhaustion Point	$ 50,000
Placement	100%
Placement and Limit	$ 25,000
Surety Excess of Loss
Reinsurance Retention [Line Items]
Stated Retention	5,000	2,000	1,500
Exhaustion Point	$ 50,000	$ 50,000	$ 45,000
Placement	100%	100%	100%
Placement and Limit	$ 45,000	$ 48,000	$ 43,500
Marine Liability DUA Quota Share
Reinsurance Retention [Line Items]
Exhaustion Point	$ 10,000	$ 5,000
Placement	70%	70%
Placement and Limit	$ 10,000	$ 5,000
Professional Liability DUA Quota Share
Reinsurance Retention [Line Items]
Exhaustion Point	$ 5,000	$ 5,000	$ 5,000
Placement	55%	70%	70%
Placement and Limit	$ 5,000	$ 5,000	$ 5,000
Specialty Casualty Variable Quota Share
Reinsurance Retention [Line Items]
Exhaustion Point	$ 10,000	$ 5,000
Placement	50%	70%
Placement and Limit	$ 10,000	$ 5,000
Property Catastrophe Excess of Loss
Reinsurance Retention [Line Items]
Stated Retention	20,000	20,000	15,000
Exhaustion Point	$ 130,000	$ 200,000	$ 180,000
Placement	100%	100%	100%
Placement and Limit	$ 110,000	$ 163,150	$ 162,075
Earthquake DUA Catastrophe Excess of Loss
Reinsurance Retention [Line Items]
Stated Retention	10,000
Exhaustion Point	$ 170,000
Placement	100%
Placement and Limit	$ 160,000
Cyber Quota Share
Reinsurance Retention [Line Items]
Exhaustion Point	$ 1,000	$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Placement	100%	100%	100%
Placement and Limit	$ 1,000	$ 1,000	$ 1,000
Boiler and Machinery Quota Share
Reinsurance Retention [Line Items]
Exhaustion Point	$ 100,000	$ 100,000	$ 100,000
Placement	100%	100%	100%
Placement and Limit	$ 100,000	$ 100,000	$ 100,000
Pillar Occurrence Excess of Loss
Reinsurance Retention [Line Items]
Stated Retention	5,000	6,000	5,000
Exhaustion Point	$ 15,000	$ 16,000	$ 15,000
Placement	42%	90%	66.50%
Placement and Limit	$ 10,000	$ 10,000	$ 10,000
Earthquake DUA Quota Share
Reinsurance Retention [Line Items]
Exhaustion Point		$ 170,000	$ 180,000
Placement		100%	100%
Placement and Limit		$ 56,525	$ 72,000

Reserves for Losses and Loss _3

Reserves for Losses and Loss Settlement Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Roll Forward]
Gross liability for losses and loss settlement expenses at beginning of year	$ 1,638,755	$ 1,497,274	$ 1,514,265
Ceded losses and loss settlement expenses	(191,640)	(146,875)	(112,900)
Net liability for losses and loss settlement expenses at beginning of year	1,447,115	1,350,399	1,401,365
Losses and loss settlement expenses incurred for claims occurring during
Current year	745,813	701,664	624,411
Prior years	(1,208)	67,750	12,890
Total incurred	744,605	769,414	637,301
Losses and loss settlement expense payments for claims occurring during
Current year	186,322	191,899	215,891
Prior years	406,699	480,800	472,377
Total paid	593,021	672,699	688,268
Net liability for losses and loss settlement expenses at end of year	1,598,699	1,447,115	1,350,399
Ceded losses and loss settlement expenses	198,083	191,640	146,875
Gross liability for losses and loss settlement expenses at end of year	$ 1,796,782	$ 1,638,755	$ 1,497,274

Reserves for Losses and Loss _4

Reserves for Losses and Loss Settlement Expenses - Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses (Details) claim in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) claim	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 1,809,372
Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance		$ 1,522,966
Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	1,891,571
Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	423,496
Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	365,466
2015 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	138,091	137,040	$ 136,161	$ 132,694	$ 131,325	$ 129,945	$ 127,091	$ 120,005	$ 125,307	$ 137,385
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	5,018
Cumulative development	$ 706
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	8,130
2015 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 105,451	105,385	104,978	105,043	104,646	105,218	108,235	110,633	108,293	103,177
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	660
Cumulative development	$ 2,274
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	7,603
2015 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 137,390	137,934	137,240	136,826	137,335	137,395	138,987	132,206	129,816	125,506
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	(2)
Cumulative development	$ 11,884
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	20,091
2015 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 43,781	43,654	43,209	43,751	44,706	46,019	46,682	51,003	55,578	53,788
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	1,181
Cumulative development	$ (10,007)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	5,686
2015 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 40,058	40,191	40,190	40,189	40,194	40,220	40,368	40,336	41,088	$ 42,847
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	5
Cumulative development	$ (2,789)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	9,553
2016 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 164,989	159,284	153,490	148,324	140,784	142,397	136,275	130,041	139,144
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	9,335
Cumulative development	$ 25,845
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	10,013
2016 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 142,814	142,644	145,351	144,109	143,108	143,724	143,721	144,208	147,473
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	639
Cumulative development	$ (4,659)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	9,883
2016 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 173,858	175,387	175,016	174,588	173,823	175,655	174,337	175,357	174,018
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	67
Cumulative development	$ (160)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	27,310
2016 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 53,574	53,617	53,090	52,870	53,964	55,168	61,648	66,575	70,419
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	1,117
Cumulative development	$ (16,845)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	7,988
2016 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 45,185	45,179	45,199	45,297	45,113	45,961	45,379	45,840	$ 48,072
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	26
Cumulative development	$ (2,887)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	11,905
2017 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 176,073	174,013	173,091	159,653	156,369	152,547	139,032	139,602
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	13,194
Cumulative development	$ 36,471
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	9,482
2017 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 161,051	161,611	161,456	161,232	161,693	160,945	160,240	155,139
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	477
Cumulative development	$ 5,912
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	13,533
2017 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 231,093	234,229	233,535	233,007	233,159	235,110	224,553	227,919
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	450
Cumulative development	$ 3,174
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	32,910
2017 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 47,943	48,074	47,801	49,362	51,874	55,982	69,528	76,184
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	1,398
Cumulative development	$ (28,241)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	8,226
2017 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 58,788	58,863	58,790	59,023	58,544	58,695	59,342	$ 60,330
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	191
Cumulative development	$ (1,542)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	14,717
2018 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 213,536	207,501	197,696	187,841	176,496	172,894	163,059
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	21,040
Cumulative development	$ 50,477
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	9,293
2018 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 147,085	147,058	147,356	146,010	146,378	146,950	143,280
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	709
Cumulative development	$ 3,805
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	10,799
2018 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 252,642	255,198	255,409	255,017	253,045	245,173	236,629
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	1,570
Cumulative development	$ 16,013
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	34,495
2018 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 54,238	54,783	53,812	56,109	59,192	67,883	71,972
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	1,438
Cumulative development	$ (17,734)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	8,068
2018 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 51,216	51,115	51,457	52,062	52,715	51,721	$ 51,639
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	113
Cumulative development	$ (423)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	13,691
2019 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 187,539	186,205	179,667	183,918	169,344	149,173
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	26,006
Cumulative development	$ 38,366
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	8,745
2019 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 155,114	155,850	157,667	158,475	155,482	164,030
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	660
Cumulative development	$ (8,916)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	11,233
2019 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 276,095	282,680	282,155	289,929	291,139	279,229
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	2,143
Cumulative development	$ (3,134)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	34,773
2019 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 49,807	49,084	48,945	49,336	49,189	52,136
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	(611)
Cumulative development	$ (2,329)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	7,426
2019 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 57,559	57,630	57,929	58,745	58,378	$ 59,548
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	98
Cumulative development	$ (1,989)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	13,613
2020 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 181,687	179,080	162,471	158,022	171,013
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	38,560
Cumulative development	$ 10,674
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	6,579
2020 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 209,588	207,256	202,929	201,391	207,207
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	1,710
Cumulative development	$ 2,381
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	14,666
2020 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 188,556	194,162	196,412	216,951	243,360
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	2,396
Cumulative development	$ (54,804)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	24,218
2020 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 45,524	46,624	43,724	46,612	45,365
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	(329)
Cumulative development	$ 159
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	4,603
2020 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 72,174	72,531	73,204	73,761	$ 81,206
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	472
Cumulative development	$ (9,032)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	17,123
2021 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 176,770	162,879	162,359	145,822
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	53,324
Cumulative development	$ 30,949
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	3,646
2021 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 157,534	157,905	169,669	156,794
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	(15,185)
Cumulative development	$ 740
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	5,367
2021 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 169,172	173,708	172,599	179,880
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	4,856
Cumulative development	$ (10,708)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	12,371
2021 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 40,287	39,649	42,283	45,177
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	(1,050)
Cumulative development	$ (4,890)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	1,897
2021 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 26,338	26,372	26,489	$ 28,537
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	165
Cumulative development	$ (2,199)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	2,592
2022 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 181,924	175,579	161,826
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	64,502
Cumulative development	$ 20,097
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	3,232
2022 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 171,958	170,594	161,776
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	12,470
Cumulative development	$ 10,182
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	4,294
2022 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 160,303	161,672	157,165
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	14,521
Cumulative development	$ 3,138
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	10,220
2022 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 27,398	26,721	29,597
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	1,794
Cumulative development	$ (2,199)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	1,385
2022 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 3,127	2,287	$ 1,493
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	195
Cumulative development	$ 1,634
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	64
2023 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 173,529	172,398
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	84,919
Cumulative development	$ 1,132
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	2,671
2023 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 147,904	164,526
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	22,624
Cumulative development	$ (16,622)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	3,569
2023 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 146,433	153,502
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	22,329
Cumulative development	$ (7,069)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	9,478
2023 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 28,742	29,262
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	3,302
Cumulative development	$ (520)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	1,174
2023 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 2,374	$ 2,391
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	(1,535)
Cumulative development	$ (17)
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	11
2024 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 215,235
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	$ 173,740
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	1,722
2024 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 124,467
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	$ 49,233
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	2,499
2024 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 156,028
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	$ 51,335
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	7,871
2024 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 32,202
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	$ 6,981
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	1,233
2024 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Incurred losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 8,648
Total of incurred but not reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims	$ 7,452
Cumulative number of reported claims | claim	2

Reserves for Losses and Loss _5

Reserves for Losses and Loss Settlement Expenses - Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 1,500,539
Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	1,061,095
All outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses before 2015, net of reinsurance	16,838
Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	765,115
Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	1,389,153
All outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses before 2015, net of reinsurance	1,439
Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	135,251
Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	1,638,501
All outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses before 2015, net of reinsurance	48
Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	253,119
Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	364,556
All outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses before 2015, net of reinsurance	15,978
Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	74,918
Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	355,538
All outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses before 2015, net of reinsurance	237
Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	10,165
2015 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	129,638	$ 126,364	$ 117,734	$ 109,540	$ 104,472	$ 96,339	$ 74,292	$ 53,901	$ 27,182	$ 11,185
2015 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	104,699	104,638	104,339	104,127	103,975	104,115	101,367	95,515	90,454	67,217
2015 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	137,116	137,085	137,075	135,462	134,100	129,317	118,395	99,201	78,225	50,782
2015 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	41,978	41,865	41,211	41,006	40,034	39,305	38,424	35,229	27,304	12,063
2015 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	40,053	40,053	40,053	40,053	40,029	39,865	39,428	39,027	37,431	$ 29,551
2016 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	141,445	136,400	126,561	115,107	102,757	88,885	63,526	38,184	13,782
2016 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	142,038	141,008	142,248	141,104	139,353	137,907	132,429	125,962	92,895
2016 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	173,661	172,928	171,380	168,950	164,341	148,224	128,156	103,528	66,013
2016 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	51,126	51,023	50,127	48,277	47,082	45,743	40,680	32,345	14,413
2016 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	45,159	44,827	44,828	44,737	44,618	44,046	42,660	40,910	$ 32,999
2017 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	148,295	138,127	128,430	111,085	91,984	70,500	43,172	17,716
2017 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	160,487	159,456	159,286	157,512	152,219	145,900	137,058	99,484
2017 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	228,129	228,749	223,076	212,947	197,893	166,170	126,644	81,311
2017 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	46,154	45,742	45,508	43,833	41,672	38,083	31,309	14,647
2017 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	58,597	58,377	58,206	57,824	57,169	55,982	53,111	$ 42,135
2018 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	179,469	158,851	130,942	105,515	79,168	44,772	16,200
2018 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	145,954	145,021	141,841	137,794	133,703	123,559	92,770
2018 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	249,009	244,284	235,519	211,123	187,405	138,092	81,572
2018 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	50,031	49,964	48,807	47,173	43,189	35,369	16,949
2018 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	51,101	50,852	50,661	50,185	49,464	47,433	$ 37,410
2019 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	138,236	127,650	102,510	72,179	46,986	18,221
2019 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	153,893	151,739	150,196	142,342	136,084	100,980
2019 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	268,355	264,151	246,800	205,614	153,244	91,919
2019 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	47,308	46,101	43,044	38,382	29,668	13,582
2019 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	56,971	56,852	56,658	54,935	52,390	$ 40,544
2020 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	110,931	98,592	60,114	43,596	17,011
2020 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	205,357	197,602	192,902	173,055	128,704
2020 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	174,175	161,798	138,158	109,686	67,660
2020 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	42,052	39,479	35,542	29,605	17,603
2020 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	71,394	71,416	70,543	68,124	$ 54,181
2021 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	90,607	59,278	33,642	12,434
2021 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	161,705	154,242	140,406	97,451
2021 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	146,436	128,283	99,116	64,381
2021 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	36,512	34,074	29,453	17,949
2021 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	25,764	24,889	23,829	$ 20,298
2022 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	69,896	42,168	10,468
2022 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	150,710	138,479	96,160
2022 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	124,853	95,785	62,477
2022 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	21,033	17,851	9,434
2022 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	2,792	2,128	$ 551
2023 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	41,847	9,335
2023 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	106,083	75,304
2023 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	85,483	56,175
2023 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	18,085	10,227
2023 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	3,089	$ 297
2024 | Commercial other liability
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	10,732
2024 | Commercial fire and allied
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	58,228
2024 | Commercial automobile
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	51,283
2024 | Commercial workers' compensation
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	10,277
2024 | Personal
Liability for Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Line Items]
Cumulative paid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	$ 617

Reserves for Losses and Loss _6

Reserves for Losses and Loss Settlement Expenses - Reconciliation of the Disclosure Claims Development to the Liability for Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Line Items]
Net outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses	$ 1,500,539
Net outstanding liabilities for unpaid unallocated loss settlement expenses	97,960
Fair value adjustment (purchase accounting adjustment for Mercer acquisition)	200
Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses, net of reinsurance	1,598,699
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses	198,275
Reinsurance fair value amortization (purchase accounting adjustment for Mercer acquisition)	(192)
Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses	198,083
Total gross liability for unpaid losses and loss settlement expenses	1,796,782	$ 1,638,755	$ 1,497,274	$ 1,514,265
Commercial other liability
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Line Items]
Net outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses	765,115
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses	91,561
Commercial fire and allied
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Line Items]
Net outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses	135,251
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses	5,706
Commercial automobile
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Line Items]
Net outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses	253,119
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses	57
Commercial workers' compensation
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Line Items]
Net outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses	74,918
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses	30,124
Personal
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Line Items]
Net outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses	10,165
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses	72
All other lines
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Reconciliation of Claims Development to Liability [Line Items]
Net outstanding liabilities for unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses	261,971
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and allocated loss settlement expenses	$ 70,755

Reserves for Losses and Loss _7

Reserves for Losses and Loss Settlement Expenses - Historical Claims Duration (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024
Commercial other liability
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Historical Claims Duration [Line Items]
Year 1	7.60%
Year 2	14.70%
Year 3	14.80%
Year 4	15.70%
Year 5	11.20%
Year 6	8.40%
Year 7	6.40%
Year 8	5.90%
Year 9	4.70%
Year 10	2.40%
Commercial fire and allied
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Historical Claims Duration [Line Items]
Year 1	59.60%
Year 2	22.90%
Year 3	6.40%
Year 4	4%
Year 5	2.40%
Year 6	1.10%
Year 7	0.40%
Year 8	0%
Year 9	0.50%
Year 10	0.10%
Commercial automobile
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Historical Claims Duration [Line Items]
Year 1	36%
Year 2	21%
Year 3	16.90%
Year 4	12.40%
Year 5	7.70%
Year 6	3.10%
Year 7	1.70%
Year 8	0.60%
Year 9	0.20%
Year 10	0%
Commercial workers' compensation
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Historical Claims Duration [Line Items]
Year 1	32.90%
Year 2	31.40%
Year 3	14.50%
Year 4	7.90%
Year 5	4%
Year 6	2.40%
Year 7	1.60%
Year 8	1%
Year 9	0.80%
Year 10	0.30%
Personal
Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Historical Claims Duration [Line Items]
Year 1	55.10%
Year 2	33%
Year 3	6.20%
Year 4	2.10%
Year 5	0.80%
Year 6	0.40%
Year 7	0.30%
Year 8	0.10%
Year 9	0.40%
Year 10	0%

Statutory Reporting, Capital _3

Statutory Reporting, Capital Requirements and Dividends and Retained Earnings Restrictions - Statutory Capital and Surplus (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statutory Insurance Financial Information [Abstract]
Statutory Capital and Surplus	$ 723,366	$ 635,474	$ 717,709
Statutory Net Income (Loss)	$ 49,491	$ (13,251)	$ 43,111

Statutory Reporting, Capital _4

Statutory Reporting, Capital Requirements and Dividends and Retained Earnings Restrictions - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
United Fire & Casualty Company
Statutory Accounting Practices [Line Items]
Intercompany dividend payments that are eliminated in Consolidated Financial Statements	$ 22,800	$ 13,200	$ 12,000
State of Iowa Insurance Department
Statutory Accounting Practices [Line Items]
Statutory amount available for dividend payments	$ 40,700

Income Tax - Income Tax (Detail

Income Tax - Income Tax (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Current	$ 23,468	$ (2,217)	$ 1,627
Deferred	(8,391)	(7,803)	(4,581)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ 15,077	$ (10,021)	$ (2,954)

Income Tax - Reconciliation (De

Income Tax - Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income (loss) before taxes	$ 77,034	$ (39,721)	$ 12,077
Federal statutory rate	21%	21%	21%
Expected income tax expense (benefit)	$ 16,177	$ (8,339)	$ 2,536
Tax-exempt municipal bond interest income	(1,881)	(2,763)	(3,115)
Nontaxable dividend income	(27)	(269)	(378)
Compensation	1,228	596	582
Research & development credit	(16)	540	(1,591)
Other, net	(404)	215	(988)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ 15,077	$ (10,021)	$ (2,954)

Income Tax - Net Deferred Tax A

Income Tax - Net Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets
Financial statement reserves in excess of income tax reserves	$ 23,203,000	$ 20,414,000
Unearned premium adjustment	22,700,000	20,618,000
Employee profit sharing	3,112,000	1,623,000
Other-than-temporary impairment of investments	14,000	451,000
Compensation expense related to stock options	1,410,000	1,760,000
Nonqualified deferred compensation	2,400,000	2,493,000
Net unrealized gain (loss) - all other securities	19,572,000	17,753,000
Revaluation of investment basis	0	23,000
Other	3,639,000	3,067,000
Gross deferred tax asset	76,050,000	68,202,000
Valuation allowance	0	0
Deferred tax asset	76,050,000	68,202,000
Deferred tax liabilities
Net unrealized gain (loss) on Equity securities	0	5,414,000
Deferred policy acquisition costs	30,459,000	26,572,000
Investments in partnerships	1,938,000	1,713,000
Over funded pension benefit	4,694,000	4,256,000
Prepaid pension cost	8,086,000	7,090,000
Net bond discount accretion	705,000	213,000
Depreciation	3,085,000	3,637,000
Identifiable intangible assets	945,000	944,000
Capitalized Software	534,000	2,310,000
Other	2,586,000	2,432,000
Gross deferred tax liability	53,032,000	54,581,000
Net deferred tax asset (liability)	$ 23,018,000	$ 13,621,000

Income Tax - Narrative (Details

Income Tax - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Valuation allowance	$ 0	$ 0
Payment for income taxes	16,112,000	1,348,000	$ 21,548,000
Interest payments	0	0	0
Federal tax refund received	0	14,017,000	$ 20,789,000
Operating loss carryforwards	0
Tax credit carryforwards	0
Alternative minimum tax credit carryforwards	0
Unrecognized tax benefit	$ 0	$ 0

Employee Benefits - Narrative (

Employee Benefits - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) pooled_separate_account_fund	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) pooled_separate_account_fund	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation	100%	100%
Actual % of total	100%	100%	100%
Number of pooled separate account funds | pooled_separate_account_fund	7	7
Investment period for long term capital market	20 years	20 years
Hedge portfolio:
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation	80%	80%
Return seeking portfolio:
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation	20%	20%
LargeCap S&P 500 Index Separate Account Fund
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Return seeking percentage	67%	67%
Actual % of total	13.30%	13.30%
Pension Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Eligibility, minimum required service period		1 year
Eligibility, minimum age		21 years
Percentage of retirees that took lumpsum payment	25%
Lumpsum payment amount	$ 17,800	$ 17,759	$ 0
Settlement gain	500
Benefit obligation	180,324	180,324	209,867	$ 201,676
Accumulated pension benefit obligation	180,324	180,324	209,867
Anticipated amortization of net actuarial losses in next fiscal year	15,635	15,635
Post-retirement Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Lumpsum payment amount
Benefit obligation	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Employee Benefits - Asset Alloc

Employee Benefits - Asset Allocation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 241,182	$ 263,906
Actual % of total	100%	100%
Target allocation	100%
Hedge portfolio:
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation	80%
Corporate bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 147,336	$ 166,063
Actual % of total	61.10%	62.90%
Foreign Bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 15,960	$ 0
Actual % of total	6.60%	0%
Federal Agency
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 5,185	$ 0
Actual % of total	2.10%	0%
Private Placement
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 3,319	$ 0
Actual % of total	1.40%	0%
Mortgage/Asset Backed Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 732	$ 0
Actual % of total	0.30%	0%
Money Market Funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 546	$ 785
Actual % of total	0.20%	0.30%
Liquid assets separate account fund
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 8,872	$ 4,475
Actual % of total	3.70%	1.70%
Short-term income separate account fund
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 5,169	$ 0
Actual % of total	2.10%	0%
Return seeking portfolio:
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Target allocation	20%
Equity Securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 0	$ 53,981
Actual % of total	0%	20.50%
U.S. property separate account fund
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 6,688	$ 25,407
Actual % of total	2.80%	9.60%
LargeCap S&P 500 index
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 31,968
Actual % of total	13.30%
MidCap S&P 400 index
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 6,227
Actual % of total	2.60%
SmallCap S&P 600 index
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 4,163
Actual % of total	1.70%
International equity index
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 5,017
Actual % of total	2.10%
United Life annuity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Plan assets	$ 0	$ 13,195
Actual % of total	0%	5%

Employee Benefits - Fair Value

Employee Benefits - Fair Value of Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	$ 241,182	$ 263,906
Corporate bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	147,336	166,063
Equity securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0	53,981
Foreign Bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	15,960	0
Federal Agency
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	5,185	0
Private Placement
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	3,319	0
Asset-backed securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	732	0
Money Market Funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	546	785
Liquid assets separate account fund
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	8,872	4,475
Short-term income separate account fund
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	5,169	0
U.S. property separate account fund
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	6,688	25,407
LargeCap S&P 500 index
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	31,968
MidCap S&P 400 index
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	6,227
SmallCap S&P 600 index
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	4,163
International equity index
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	5,017
United Life annuity
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0	13,195
Pension Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	241,182	263,893	$ 229,701
Pension Benefits | U.S. property separate account fund | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	6,688	25,407	$ 28,468
Recurring | Pension Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	241,182	250,698
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	53,090	54,753
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	181,404	170,538
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	6,688	25,407
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Corporate bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	147,336	166,063
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Corporate bonds | Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Corporate bonds | Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	147,336	166,063
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Corporate bonds | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Equity securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value		53,981
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Equity securities | Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value		53,981
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Equity securities | Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value		0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Equity securities | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value		0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Foreign Bonds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	15,960
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Foreign Bonds | Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Foreign Bonds | Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	15,960
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Foreign Bonds | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Federal Agency
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	5,185
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Federal Agency | Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Federal Agency | Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	5,185
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Federal Agency | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Private Placement
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	3,319
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Private Placement | Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Private Placement | Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	3,319
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Private Placement | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Asset-backed securities
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	732
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Asset-backed securities | Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Asset-backed securities | Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	732
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Asset-backed securities | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Money Market Funds
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	546	772
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Money Market Funds | Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	546	772
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Money Market Funds | Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Money Market Funds | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Liquid assets separate account fund
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	8,872	4,475
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Liquid assets separate account fund | Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Liquid assets separate account fund | Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	8,872	4,475
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Liquid assets separate account fund | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Short-term income separate account fund
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	5,169
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Short-term income separate account fund | Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	5,169
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Short-term income separate account fund | Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | Short-term income separate account fund | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | U.S. property separate account fund
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	6,688	25,407
Recurring | Pension Benefits | U.S. property separate account fund | Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | U.S. property separate account fund | Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | U.S. property separate account fund | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	6,688	$ 25,407
Recurring | Pension Benefits | LargeCap S&P 500 index
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	31,968
Recurring | Pension Benefits | LargeCap S&P 500 index | Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	31,968
Recurring | Pension Benefits | LargeCap S&P 500 index | Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | LargeCap S&P 500 index | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | MidCap S&P 400 index
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	6,227
Recurring | Pension Benefits | MidCap S&P 400 index | Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	6,227
Recurring | Pension Benefits | MidCap S&P 400 index | Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | MidCap S&P 400 index | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | SmallCap S&P 600 index
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	4,163
Recurring | Pension Benefits | SmallCap S&P 600 index | Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	4,163
Recurring | Pension Benefits | SmallCap S&P 600 index | Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | SmallCap S&P 600 index | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | International equity index
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	5,017
Recurring | Pension Benefits | International equity index | Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	5,017
Recurring | Pension Benefits | International equity index | Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	0
Recurring | Pension Benefits | International equity index | Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Assets measured at fair value	$ 0

Employee Benefits - Change in F

Employee Benefits - Change in Fair Value of Pension Plan Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$ 263,906
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	241,182	$ 263,906
Pension Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	263,893	229,701
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	241,182	263,893
U.S. property separate account fund
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	25,407
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	6,688	25,407
U.S. property separate account fund | Level 3 | Pension Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	25,407	28,468
Unrealized losses	(564)	(3,061)
Expenses	(54)
Transfers out	(18,101)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	$ 6,688	$ 25,407

Employee Benefits - Assumptions

Employee Benefits - Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations [Abstract]
Interest crediting rate	4%	4%
Pension Benefits
Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations [Abstract]
Discount rate	5.54%	4.93%
Rate of compensation increase	4%	4%
Assumptions Used to Determine Net Periodic Benefit Cost [Abstract]
Discount rate	4.93%	5.15%	2.84%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	5.70%	6.70%	6.70%
Rate of compensation increase	4%	3%	3%
Post-retirement Benefits
Assumptions Used to Determine Net Periodic Benefit Cost [Abstract]
Discount rate			0.48%

Employee Benefits - Obligation

Employee Benefits - Obligation and Funded Status (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		$ 263,906
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	$ 241,182	241,182	$ 263,906
Pension Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Benefit obligation at beginning of year		209,867	201,676
Service cost		3,287	3,817	$ 4,481
Interest cost		9,913	10,106	7,730
Actuarial loss (gain)		(15,634)	3,112
Benefit payments		(9,350)	(8,831)
Settlement - lump sums paid	(17,800)	(17,759)	0
Benefit obligation at ending of year	180,324	180,324	209,867	201,676
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		263,893	229,701
Actual return on plan assets		4,398	43,036
Benefit payments		(9,350)	(8,831)
Settlement - lump sums paid		(17,759)	0
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	241,182	241,182	263,893	229,701
Funded status at end of year	60,858	60,858	54,026
Fair value of plan assets adjustment			13
Pension Benefits | Previously Reported
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Benefit obligation at beginning of year		209,880
Benefit obligation at ending of year			209,880
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		263,906
Fair value of plan assets at end of year			263,906
Post-retirement Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Benefit obligation at beginning of year		0	0
Service cost		0	0	0
Interest cost		0	0	2
Actuarial loss (gain)		0	0
Benefit payments		0	0
Settlement - lump sums paid
Benefit obligation at ending of year	0	0	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		0	0
Actual return on plan assets		0
Benefit payments		0	0
Settlement - lump sums paid		0	0
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	0	0	0	$ 0
Funded status at end of year	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Employee Benefits - AOCI (Detai

Employee Benefits - AOCI (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Pension Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Unrecognized prior service cost	$ (17,224)	$ (20,119)
Unrecognized actuarial (gain) loss	(5,131)	(146)
Total amounts recognized in AOCI	(22,354)	(20,265)
Post-retirement Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Unrecognized prior service cost	0	0
Unrecognized actuarial (gain) loss	0	0
Total amounts recognized in AOCI	$ 0	$ 0

Employee Benefits - Net Periodi

Employee Benefits - Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Pension Benefits
Net periodic benefit cost
Service cost	$ 3,287	$ 3,817	$ 4,481
Interest cost	9,913	10,106	7,730
Expected return on plan assets	(14,541)	(15,025)	(18,891)
Amortization of prior service cost	(2,896)	(3,280)	(3,280)
Effect of partial curtailment	(506)	(2,666)	0
Amortization of net loss	0	207	777
Net periodic benefit cost	(4,743)	(6,841)	(9,183)
Post-retirement Benefits
Net periodic benefit cost
Service cost	0	0	0
Interest cost	0	0	2
Expected return on plan assets	0	0	0
Amortization of prior service cost	0	0	(15,085)
Effect of partial curtailment	0	0	(26)
Amortization of net loss	0	0	2,824
Net periodic benefit cost	$ 0	$ 0	$ (12,285)

Employee Benefits - Expected Be

Employee Benefits - Expected Benefit Payments (Details) - Pension Benefits $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Expected Future Benefit Payments
2025	$ 14,600
2026	13,000
2027	13,540
2028	13,830
2029	14,200
2030-2034	$ 75,300

Stock-Based Compensation - Narr

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2008
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Allocated share-based compensation expense	$ 5,517	$ 3,246	$ 2,827
Stock-based compensation expense	8,592
Intrinsic value of options exercised	$ 28	18	261
Granted (in shares)	0
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Allocated share-based compensation expense	$ 4,992	2,637	$ 2,048
Total compensation expense that has yet to be recognized	8,157
Intrinsic value of the unvested restricted stock awards outstanding	$ 16,931	$ 5,864
Employee Stock Award Plan-2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of authorized shares available for future issuance (in shares)	1,335,589	1,150,834		4,050,000	1,900,000
Employee Stock Award Plan-2021 | Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award expiration term	10 years
Employee Stock Award Plan-2021 | Tranche one
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of option awards vest and exercisable in installments	20%
Employee Stock Award Plan-2021 | Tranche one | Restricted Stock Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period of restricted stock awards	3 years
Employee Stock Award Plan-2021 | Tranche two
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of option awards vest and exercisable in installments	33.30%
Employee Stock Award Plan-2021 | Tranche two | Restricted Stock Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period of restricted stock awards	5 years
Director Stock Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of authorized shares available for future issuance (in shares)	71,410	103,600			300,000
Number of shares authorized (in shares)	450,000

Stock-Based Compensation - Stoc

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Award Plans (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended	192 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Available for Grant [Roll Forward]
Number of option awards exercised (in shares)	27,584
Employee Stock Award Plan-2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Available for Grant [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)	1,150,834	1,900,000
Additional shares authorized (in shares)	0	2,150,000
Number of awards granted (in shares)	(413,679)	(4,387,536)
Number of awards forfeited or expired (in shares)	598,434	1,673,125
Ending balance (in shares)	1,335,589	1,335,589
Employee Stock Award Plan-2021 | Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Available for Grant [Roll Forward]
Number of option awards exercised (in shares)	27,584	1,564,920
Employee Stock Award Plan-2021 | Unrestricted Stock Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Available for Grant [Roll Forward]
Number of awards granted (in shares)	0	(10,090)
Employee Stock Award Plan-2021 | Restricted Stock Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Available for Grant [Roll Forward]
Number of restricted stock awards vested (in shares)	52,672	353,108
Director Stock Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Available for Grant [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)	103,600	300,000
Additional shares authorized (in shares)	0	150,000
Number of awards granted (in shares)	(32,190)	(418,808)
Number of awards forfeited or expired (in shares)	0	40,218
Ending balance (in shares)	71,410	71,410
Director Stock Plan | Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Available for Grant [Roll Forward]
Number of option awards exercised (in shares)	0	152,336
Director Stock Plan | Restricted Stock Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award Available for Grant [Roll Forward]
Number of restricted stock awards vested (in shares)	31,380	169,336

Stock-Based Compensation - St_2

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
2025	$ 4,838
2026	3,097
2027	657
2028	0
Total	$ 8,592

Stock-Based Compensation - Anal

Stock-Based Compensation - Analysis of Stock Options Award Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Shares
Outstanding at beginning of period (in shares)	795,676
Granted (in shares)	0
Exercised (in shares)	(27,584)
Cancelled/Forfeited (in shares)	(96,914)
Expired (in shares)	(445,051)
Outstanding at end of period (in shares)	226,127
Exercisable at end of period (in shares)	148,608
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 35.55
Granted (in dollars per share)	0
Exercised (in dollars per share)	29.28
Cancelled/Forfeited (in dollars per share)	36.32
Expired (in dollars per share)	37.12
Outstanding at end of period (in dollars per share)	32.91
Exercisable at end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 35.33
Outstanding, weighted-average remaining life	5 years 11 months 15 days
Exercisable, weighted-average remaining life	4 years 9 months 29 days
Outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 0
Exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 0

Stock-Based Compensation - An_2

Stock-Based Compensation - Analysis of Restricted Stock Award Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Awards	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Shares
Non-vested at beginning of period (in shares) | shares	291,439
Granted (in shares) | shares	445,869
Vested (in shares) | shares	(108,636)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(43,100)
PSU projected performance adjustment (in shares) | shares	11,215
Non-vested at end of period (in shares) | shares	596,787
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 27.42
Granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	22.03
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	25.58
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	27.90
PSU projected performance adjustment (in dollars per shares) | $ / shares	23.02
Non-vested at end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 23.67

Stock-Based Compensation - Assu

Stock-Based Compensation - Assumptions (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Risk-free interest rate	4.09%	2.18%
Expected volatility (historical)	41.85%	40.56%
Expected option life (in years)	7 years	7 years
Expected dividends (in dollars per share)	$ 0.64	$ 0.61
Weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the year (in dollars per share)	$ 10.95	$ 10.49

Stock-Based Compensation - St_3

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 $ / shares shares
Exercise Price $20.24 to $27.54
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Range (in dollars per share)	$ 20.24
Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Range (in dollars per share)	$ 27.54
Number Outstanding (in shares) | shares	12,853
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	7 years 2 months 4 days
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 24.87
Number Exercisable (in shares) | shares	7,847
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 25.69
Exercise Price $27.55 to $28.76
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Range (in dollars per share)	27.55
Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Range (in dollars per share)	$ 28.76
Number Outstanding (in shares) | shares	90,440
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	8 years 1 month 24 days
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 28.39
Number Exercisable (in shares) | shares	30,142
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 28.39
Exercise Price $28.77 to $29.48
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Range (in dollars per share)	28.77
Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Range (in dollars per share)	$ 29.48
Number Outstanding (in shares) | shares	33,139
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	4 years 3 months 10 days
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 29.32
Number Exercisable (in shares) | shares	29,893
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 29.30
Exercise Price $29.49 to $40.61
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Range (in dollars per share)	29.49
Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Range (in dollars per share)	$ 40.61
Number Outstanding (in shares) | shares	41,106
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	4 years 10 months 28 days
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 33.42
Number Exercisable (in shares) | shares	32,137
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 34.50
Exercise Price $40.62 to $54.26
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Range (in dollars per share)	40.62
Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Range (in dollars per share)	$ 54.26
Number Outstanding (in shares) | shares	48,589
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	3 years 7 months 9 days
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 45.45
Number Exercisable (in shares) | shares	48,589
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 45.45
Exercise Price $20.24 to $54.26
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Range of Exercise Prices, Lower Range (in dollars per share)	20.24
Range of Exercise Prices, Upper Range (in dollars per share)	$ 54.26
Number Outstanding (in shares) | shares	226,127
Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	5 years 11 months 15 days
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 32.91
Number Exercisable (in shares) | shares	148,608
Weighted-Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 35.33

Segment Information - Narrative

Segment Information - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	1

Earnings Per Common Share - Com

Earnings Per Common Share - Components of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share [Line Items]
Net income (loss)	$ 61,957	$ (29,700)	$ 15,031
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (in shares)	25,319,973	25,249,269	25,160,809
Weighted-average common shares, diluted (in shares)	25,917,760	25,249,269	25,318,196
Earnings (loss) per common share, basic (in dollars per share)	$ 2.45	$ (1.18)	$ 0.60
Earnings (loss) per common share, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 2.39	$ (1.18)	$ 0.59
Awards excluded from diluted calculation (in shares)	222,186	791,735	585,853
Restricted Stock Awards
Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share [Line Items]
Add dilutive effect of stock (in shares)	597,787	0	157,387
Stock Options
Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share [Line Items]
Add dilutive effect of stock (in shares)	0	0	0

Earnings Per Common Share (Deta

Earnings Per Common Share (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from diluted calculation (in shares)	222,186	791,735	585,853
Weighted-average common shares, diluted		25,531,784
Restricted Stock Awards
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from diluted calculation (in shares)		282,515

Lease Commitments - Narrative (

Lease Commitments - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024 lease_agreement
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Number of lease agreements	5
Decrease in number of lease agreements	1
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining lease terms	1 year
Lease extension option terms	6 months
Term of leases	2 years
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining lease terms	6 years
Lease extension option terms	5 years
Term of leases	9 years

Lease Commitments - Lease Costs

Lease Commitments - Lease Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Components of lease expense:
Operating lease expense	$ 9,436	$ 9,187
Less: Lessor income	581	507
Less: Sublease income	532	532
Net lease expense	8,323	8,148
Operating cash outflow from operating leases	$ 8,365	$ 8,219
Operating Lease Income, Comprehensive Income, Extensible List, Not Disclosed Flag	Less: Lessor income

Lease Commitments - Leases Bala

Lease Commitments - Leases Balance Sheet and Supplemental Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease right-of-use assets (Other assets on Consolidated Balance Sheets)	$ 21,412	$ 29,184
Operating lease liabilities (Accrued expenses and other liabilities on Consolidated Balance Sheets)	21,867	29,668
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 635	$ 9,336
Weighted average remaining lease term	2 years 11 months 23 days	3 years 9 months 7 days
Weighted average discount rate	4.37%	4.17%
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other assets	Other assets
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Accrued expenses and other liabilities	Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Lease Commitments - Leases Matu

Lease Commitments - Leases Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Year one	$ 9,168	$ 9,361
Year two	7,919	9,029
Year three	3,765	7,748
Year four	1,800	3,617
Year five	418	1,696
Year six		383
Thereafter	427
Thereafter		428
Total lease payments	23,497	32,262
Less: Imputed interest	(1,630)	(2,594)
Lease liability	$ 21,867	$ 29,668

Lease Commitments - Summary of

Lease Commitments - Summary of Maturities of Lease Receivables (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Year one	$ 1,066	$ 1,051
Year two	1,124	1,066
Year three	1,092	1,124
Year four	584	1,092
Year five	582	584
Year six		582
Thereafter	2,109
Thereafter		2,109
Lessor, Operating Lease, Payment to be Received	$ 6,557	$ 7,608

Debt - Narrative (Details)

Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	May 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 15, 2020
Surplus Notes
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Principal amount				$ 50,000,000
Interest expense	$ 3,438,000
Senior Notes
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Principal amount		$ 70,000,000
Interest expense	$ 3,784,000
Applicable Interest Rate		9%
Debt issuance costs, gross		$ 3,050,000
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity as a percentage of total assets	20%
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 463,492,000
Outstanding balance on credit facility	$ 0		$ 0

Debt - Interest Payable (Detail

Debt - Interest Payable (Details) - Surplus Notes	Dec. 31, 2024
A+
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Applicable Interest Rate	5.875%
A
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Applicable Interest Rate	6.375%
A-
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Applicable Interest Rate	6.875%
B++ (or lower)
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Applicable Interest Rate	7.375%

Intangible Assets - Intangible

Intangible Assets - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Schedule Of Finite And Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net intangible assets	$ 3,906	$ 4,615
State insurance licenses
Schedule Of Finite And Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	3,020	3,020
Agency relationships, cost
Schedule Of Finite And Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, gross	10,338	10,338
Accumulated amortization	(9,617)	(9,040)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	721	1,298
Trade names, cost
Schedule Of Finite And Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets, gross	1,978	1,978
Accumulated amortization	(1,813)	(1,681)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 165	$ 297

Intangible Assets - Estimated U

Intangible Assets - Estimated Useful Lives (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024
Agency relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life	15 years
Trade names
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life	15 years

Intangible Assets (Details)

Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization expense	$ 709,000	$ 709,000	$ 709,000
Impairment losses	$ 0	$ 0

Intangible Assets - Future Amor

Intangible Assets - Future Amortization Expense (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Estimated Aggregate Amortization Expense
2025	$ 709
2026	177
2027	0
2028	0
2029	$ 0

Accumulated Other Comprehensi_3

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Increase (Decrease) in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of year	$ 733,745	$ 740,114
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income before reclassifications	(9,189)	35,808	$ (145,723)
Reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	5,365	731	3,890
Balance, end of year	781,531	733,745	740,114
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments
Increase (Decrease) in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of year	(66,967)	(88,369)	49,769
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income before reclassifications	(10,639)	20,835	(139,183)
Reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	5,365	567	1,045
Balance, end of year	(72,241)	(66,967)	(88,369)
Net benefit plan assets and obligations
Increase (Decrease) in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of year	16,010	873	4,568
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income before reclassifications	1,650	14,973	(6,540)
Reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	0	164	2,845
Balance, end of year	17,660	16,010	873
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Increase (Decrease) in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of year	0	0	0
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income before reclassifications	(200)	0	0
Reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	0	0	0
Balance, end of year	(200)	0	0
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax
Increase (Decrease) in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of year	(50,957)	(87,496)	54,337
Balance, end of year	$ (54,781)	$ (50,957)	$ (87,496)

Property and Equipment - Summar

Property and Equipment - Summary of Components of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 136,021	$ 134,247
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	76,420	78,683
Buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	1,202	1,203
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	3,555	4,451
Internally developed software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	54,377	48,787
Other computer equipment and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 467	$ 1,123

Property and Equipment - Estima

Property and Equipment - Estimated Useful Lives (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024
Computer equipment and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	3 years
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	7 years
Internally developed software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	10 years
Real estate | Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	7 years
Real estate | Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	39 years

Property and Equipment (Details

Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 10,086	$ 9,799	$ 6,961

Schedule I. Summary of Invest_2

Schedule I. Summary of Investments - Other than Investments in Related Parties (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost or Amortized Cost	$ 2,186,339
Fair Value	2,091,051
Amounts at Which Shown in Balance Sheet	2,093,094
Total fixed maturities
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost or Amortized Cost	1,961,531
Fair Value	1,868,331
Amounts at Which Shown in Balance Sheet	1,868,331
United States Government and government agencies and authorities
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost or Amortized Cost	126,402
Fair Value	117,301
Amounts at Which Shown in Balance Sheet	117,301
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost or Amortized Cost	252,936
Fair Value	247,904
Amounts at Which Shown in Balance Sheet	247,904
Public utilities
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost or Amortized Cost	131,165
Fair Value	120,358
Amounts at Which Shown in Balance Sheet	120,358
All other bonds
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost or Amortized Cost	1,451,028
Fair Value	1,382,768
Amounts at Which Shown in Balance Sheet	1,382,768
Mortgage loans on real estate
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost or Amortized Cost	40,967
Fair Value	38,879
Amounts at Which Shown in Balance Sheet	40,922
Other long-term investments
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost or Amortized Cost	183,741
Fair Value	183,741
Amounts at Which Shown in Balance Sheet	183,741
Short-term investments
SEC Schedule, 12-15, Insurance Companies, Summary of Investments, Other than Investments in Related Parties [Line Items]
Cost or Amortized Cost	100
Fair Value	100
Amounts at Which Shown in Balance Sheet	$ 100

Schedule II. Condensed Financ_2

Schedule II. Condensed Financial Statements of Parent Company (Condensed Balance Sheets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 200,949	$ 102,046
Other assets	127,760	123,496
Total assets	3,488,469	3,144,190
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Total liabilities	2,706,938	2,410,445
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.001 par value, authorized 75,000,000 shares 25,378,291 and 25,269,842 issued and outstanding in 2024 and 2023, respectively	25	25
Additional paid-in capital	215,851	209,986
Retained earnings	620,436	574,691
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	(54,781)	(50,957)
Total stockholders' equity	781,531	733,745	$ 740,114
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	3,488,469	3,144,190
United Fire Group, Inc.
Assets [Abstract]
Investment in consolidated subsidiaries	844,638	733,152
Cash and cash equivalents	3,822	553
Other assets	135	199
Total assets	848,595	733,904
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Note payable	67,059	0
Accrued interest payable	525	0
Other liabilities	(520)	159
Total liabilities	67,064	159
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $0.001 par value, authorized 75,000,000 shares 25,378,291 and 25,269,842 issued and outstanding in 2024 and 2023, respectively	25	25
Additional paid-in capital	215,851	209,986
Retained earnings	620,436	574,691
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	(54,781)	(50,957)
Total stockholders' equity	781,531	733,745
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 848,595	$ 733,904

Schedule II. Condensed Financ_3

Schedule II. Condensed Financial Statements of Parent Company (Condensed Balance Sheets) (Details) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Condensed Balance Sheet Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Common stock, par value per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	75,000,000	75,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	25,378,291	25,269,842
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	25,378,291	25,269,842
United Fire Group, Inc.
Condensed Balance Sheet Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Common stock, par value per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	75,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	25,378,291	25,269,842

Schedule II. Condensed Financ_4

Schedule II. Condensed Financial Statements of Parent Company (Condensed Statement of Income and Comprehensive Income) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenues
Investment income	$ 81,986	$ 59,606	$ 44,932
Total revenues	1,253,307	1,095,467	980,286
Expenses
Interest Expense	7,281	3,260	3,188
Total benefits, losses and expenses	1,176,273	1,135,188	968,209
Net income (loss)	61,957	(29,700)	15,031
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments held by subsidiary	(13,466)	26,373	(176,181)
Change in liability for underfunded employee benefit plans of subsidiary	2,089	18,953	(8,278)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax and reclassification adjustments	(11,577)	45,326	(184,459)
Income tax effect	2,388	(9,518)	38,736
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI for Sale of Securities, before Tax	6,791	718	1,323
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Defined Benefit Plan, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, before Tax	0	207	3,601
Total reclassification adjustments, before tax	6,791	925	4,924
Income tax effect	(1,426)	(194)	(1,034)
Comprehensive income (loss)	58,133	6,839	(126,802)
United Fire Group, Inc.
Revenues
Investment income	223	99	85
Total revenues	223	99	85
Expenses
Interest Expense	3,844	0	0
Total benefits, losses and expenses	3,844	0	0
Income before income taxes and equity in net income of subsidiary	(3,621)	99	85
Income tax expense (benefit)	(760)	21	18
Net income before equity in net income (loss) of subsidiary	(2,861)	78	67
Equity in net income (loss) of subsidiary	64,818	(29,778)	14,964
Net income (loss)	61,957	(29,700)	15,031
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments held by subsidiary	(13,466)	26,373	(176,183)
Change in liability for underfunded employee benefit plans of subsidiary	2,089	18,953	(8,277)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax and reclassification adjustments	(11,377)	45,326	(184,460)
Income tax effect	2,388	(9,518)	38,736
Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax, before reclassification adjustments	(8,989)	35,808	(145,724)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI for Sale of Securities, before Tax	6,791	718	1,323
Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss, Defined Benefit Plan, Reclassification Adjustment from AOCI, before Tax	0	207	3,601
Total reclassification adjustments, before tax	6,791	925	4,924
Income tax effect	(1,426)	(194)	(1,034)
Total reclassification adjustments, after tax	5,365	731	3,890
Comprehensive income (loss)	$ 58,333	$ 6,839	$ (126,803)

Schedule II. Condensed Financ_5

Schedule II. Condensed Financial Statements of Parent Company (Condensed Statement of Cash Flows) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$ 61,957	$ (29,700)	$ 15,031
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Other, net	(1,691)	2,901	7,928
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	340,304	171,736	(1,251)
Cash flows from investing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(292,487)	(149,886)	(19,171)
Cash flows from financing activities
Issuance of common stock	348	(290)	828
Debt note issuance	70,000	0	0
Debt note issuance costs	(3,050)	0	0
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	51,086	(16,454)	(15,032)
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents	98,903	5,396	(35,454)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year	102,046	96,650	132,104
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year	200,949	102,046	96,650
United Fire Group, Inc.
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	61,957	(29,700)	15,031
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Equity in net income of subsidiary	(64,818)	29,778	(14,964)
Dividends received from subsidiary	22,800	13,200	12,000
Other, net	2,245	1,691	2,845
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	22,184	14,969	14,912
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital contributions to subsidiaries	(70,000)	0	0
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(70,000)	0	0
Cash flows from financing activities
Payment of cash dividends	(16,213)	(16,164)	(15,860)
Issuance of common stock	348	(290)	828
Debt note issuance	70,000	0	0
Debt note issuance costs	(3,050)	0	0
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	51,085	(16,454)	(15,032)
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents	3,269	(1,485)	(120)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year	553	2,038	2,158
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year	$ 3,822	$ 553	$ 2,038

Schedule III. Supplementary I_2

Schedule III. Supplementary Insurance Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
SEC Schedule, 12-16, Insurance Companies, Supplementary Insurance Information [Abstract]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	$ 147,224	$ 126,532	$ 104,225
Future Policy Benefits, Losses, Claims and Loss Expenses	1,796,782	1,638,755	1,497,274
Unearned Premiums	621,448	549,384	474,388
Earned Premium Revenue	1,176,750	1,034,587	951,541
Investment Income, Net	81,986	59,606	44,932
Benefits, Claims, Losses and Settlement Expenses	744,605	769,414	637,301
Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	281,338	244,991	213,075
Other Underwriting Expenses	140,942	115,800	114,645
Written Premiums	$ 1,231,470	$ 1,066,901	$ 984,223

Schedule IV. Reinsurance (Detai

Schedule IV. Reinsurance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
SEC Schedule, 12-17, Insurance Companies, Reinsurance [Abstract]
Gross Amount	$ 1,109,903	$ 1,017,917	$ 941,998
Ceded to Other Companies	147,196	144,958	101,740
Assumed From Other Companies	214,043	161,628	111,283
Net Amount	$ 1,176,750	$ 1,034,587	$ 951,541
Percentage of Amount Assumed to Net Earned	18.19%	15.62%	11.70%

Schedule V. Valuation and Qua_2

Schedule V. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Allowance for bad debts
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 1,794	$ 1,575	$ 781
Charged to costs and expenses	0	219	794
Deductions	191	0	0
Balance at end of period	1,603	1,794	1,575
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	0	0	0
Charged to costs and expenses	0	0	0
Deductions		0	0
Balance at end of period	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Schedule_VI. Supplemental Inf_2

Schedule VI. Supplemental Information Concerning Property and Casualty Insurance Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
SEC Schedule, 12-18, Supplemental Information, Property-Casualty Insurance Underwriters [Line Items]
Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses)	$ (5,429)	$ 1,274	$ (15,892)
Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses Incurred Related to: Current Year	745,813	701,664	624,411
Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses Incurred Related to: Prior Years	1,208	(67,750)	(12,890)
Consolidated Property and Casualty Insurance Entity
SEC Schedule, 12-18, Supplemental Information, Property-Casualty Insurance Underwriters [Line Items]
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	147,224	126,532	104,225
Reserves for Unpaid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses	1,796,782	1,638,755	1,497,274
Unearned Premiums	621,448	549,384	474,388
Earned Premiums	1,176,750	1,034,587	951,541
Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses)	(5,429)	1,274	(15,892)
Net Investment Income	81,986	59,606	44,932
Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses Incurred Related to: Current Year	745,813	701,664	624,411
Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses Incurred Related to: Prior Years	(1,208)	67,750	12,890
Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs	281,338	244,991	213,075
Paid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses	593,021	672,699	688,268
Written Premiums	$ 1,231,470	$ 1,066,901	$ 984,223