Enterprise Bancorp (EBTC) 10-Q 2024 Q2 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549 

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number:  001-33912

 Enterprise Bancorp, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Massachusetts			04-3308902
(State or other jurisdiction of			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)
222 Merrimack Street,	Lowell,	Massachusetts	01852
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip code)

 (978) 459-9000

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share	EBTC	NASDAQ Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     x Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).      x Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition for "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer x

Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.     ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

     ☐ Yes x No

As of July 31, 2024, there were 12,424,254 shares of the issuer's common stock outstanding, par value $0.01 per share.

ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC.

INDEX

		Page Number
	Cover Page	1
	Index	2
	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1	Financial Statements (unaudited)	4
	Consolidated Balance Sheets - June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	4
	Consolidated Statements of Income - Three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	5
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - Three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	6
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity - Three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	7
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023	9
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements	10
Item 2	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	33
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	49
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	50
	PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1	Legal Proceedings	50
Item 1A	Risk Factors	50
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	50
Item 3	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	50
Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	51
Item 5	Other Information	51
Item 6	Exhibits	51
	Signature page	52

2

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

The acronyms and abbreviations defined in the table below are provided to aid the reader when reviewing this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended June 30, 2024:

Acronym	Description
ACL:	Allowance for credit losses
AOCI:	Accumulated other comprehensive income
ASC:	Accounting Standards Codification
ASU:	Accounting Standards Update
BTFP:	Bank Term Funding Program
CD:	Certificate of deposit
CDE:	Community Development Entities
CECL:	Current expected credit loss
CMO:	Collateralized mortgage obligations
FASB:	Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC:	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FHLB:	Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston
FRB:	Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
GAAP:	Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
MBS:	Mortgage-backed securities
Net interest margin:	Tax-equivalent net interest margin
NH BFA:	New Hampshire Business Finance Authority
OREO:	Other real estate owned
ROU:	Right-of-use
RPA:	Risk participation agreement
SBA:	Small Business Administration
SEC:	U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Treasury:	U.S. Department of the Treasury
U.S.:	United States

3

PART I-FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 -Financial Statements

ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and due from banks	$	48,352	$	37,443
Interest-earning deposits with banks	151,367		19,149
Total cash and cash equivalents	199,719		56,592
Investments:
Debt securities at fair value (amortized cost of $734,523 and $763,981, respectively)	628,314		661,113
Equity securities at fair value	8,524		7,058
Total investment securities at fair value	636,838		668,171
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	2,482		2,402
Loans held for sale	—		200
Loans:
Total loans	3,768,649		3,567,631
Allowance for credit losses	(61,999)		(58,995)
Net loans	3,706,650		3,508,636
Premises and equipment, net	44,209		44,931
Lease right-of-use asset	24,469		24,820
Accrued interest receivable	20,343		19,233
Deferred income taxes, net	48,619		49,166
Bank-owned life insurance	66,381		65,455
Prepaid income taxes	4,806		1,589
Prepaid expenses and other assets	13,509		19,183
Goodwill	5,656		5,656
Total assets	$	4,773,681	$	4,466,034
Liabilities and shareholders' Equity
Liabilities
Deposits	$	4,248,801	$	3,977,521
Borrowed funds	61,785		25,768
Subordinated debt	59,657		59,498
Lease liability	24,157		24,441
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	30,546		45,011
Accrued interest payable	8,294		4,678
Total liabilities	4,433,240		4,136,917
Commitments and Contingencies
Shareholders' Equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share; 1,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 40,000,000 shares authorized; 12,424,407 and 12,272,674 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	124		123
Additional paid-in capital	109,137		107,377
Retained earnings	313,486		301,380
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(82,306)		(79,763)
Total shareholders' equity	340,441		329,117
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	4,773,681	$	4,466,034

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

4

ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Income

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Interest and dividend income:
Other interest-earning assets	$	1,697	$	1,917	$	2,869	$	4,125
Investment securities	3,943		4,967		7,977		10,040
Loans and loans held for sale	51,224		41,798		100,041		81,354
Total interest and dividend income	56,864		48,682		110,887		95,519
Interest expense:
Deposits	19,172		9,692		36,444		15,679
Borrowed funds	664		30		1,358		42
Subordinated debt	867		867		1,734		1,734
Total interest expense	20,703		10,589		39,536		17,455
Net interest income	36,161		38,093		71,351		78,064
Provision for credit losses	137		2,268		759		5,004
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	36,024		35,825		70,592		73,060
Non-interest income:
Wealth management fees	1,970		1,673		3,820		3,260
Deposit and interchange fees	2,284		2,295		4,353		4,343
Income on bank-owned life insurance, net	503		316		961		623
Net losses on sales of debt securities	—		(2,419)		—		(2,419)
Net gains on sales of loans	44		6		66		20
Net gains on equity securities	101		189		566		173
Other income	726		759		1,357		1,576
Total non-interest income	5,628		2,819		11,123		7,576
Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	19,675		16,135		38,851		34,656
Occupancy and equipment expenses	2,406		2,505		4,865		5,006
Technology and telecommunications expenses	2,658		2,636		5,403		5,311
Advertising and public relations expenses	674		804		1,417		1,485
Audit, legal and other professional fees	711		782		1,445		1,422
Deposit insurance premiums	862		615		1,721		1,290
Supplies and postage expenses	240		247		477		502
Other operating expenses	1,803		1,899		3,758		3,991
Total non-interest expense	29,029		25,623		57,937		53,663
Income before income taxes	12,623		13,021		23,778		26,973
Provision for income taxes	3,111		3,337		5,759		6,521
Net income	$	9,512	$	9,684	$	18,019	$	20,452
Basic earnings per share	$	0.77	$	0.79	$	1.46	$	1.68
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.77	$	0.79	$	1.46	$	1.67
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	12,389,917		12,228,081		12,341,630		12,191,857
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	12,394,463		12,244,863		12,349,573		12,218,735

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

5

ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net income	$	9,512	$	9,684	$	18,019	$	20,452
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Net change in fair value of debt securities	(432)		(11,634)		(2,543)		8,614
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(432)		(11,634)		(2,543)		8,614
Total comprehensive income (loss), net	$	9,080	$	(1,950)	$	15,476	$	29,066

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

6

ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Shareholders' Equity
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Shares	Amount
Balance at March 31, 2024	12,376,562	$	124	$	108,246	$	306,943	$	(81,874)	$	333,439
Net income						9,512				9,512
Other comprehensive loss, net								(432)		(432)
Common stock dividend declared ($0.24 per share)						(2,969)				(2,969)
Common stock issued under dividend reinvestment plan	16,500	—		408						408
Common stock issued, other	574	—		15						15
Stock-based compensation, net	32,557	—		514						514
Net settlement for employee taxes on restricted stock and options	(1,938)	—		(48)						(48)
Stock options exercised, net	152	—		2						2
Balance at June 30, 2024	12,424,407	$	124	$	109,137	$	313,486	$	(82,306)	$	340,441
Balance at March 31, 2023	12,222,717	$	122	$	104,621	$	282,534	$	(75,959)	$	311,318
Net income						9,684				9,684
Other comprehensive loss, net								(11,634)		(11,634)
Common stock dividend declared ($0.23 per share)						(2,809)				(2,809)
Common stock issued under dividend reinvestment plan	13,824	—		376						376
Common stock issued, other	524	—		17						17
Stock-based compensation, net	8,638	—		571						571
Net settlement for employee taxes on restricted stock and options	(1,650)	—		(47)						(47)
Stock options exercised, net	680	—		14						14
Balance at June 30, 2023	12,244,733	$	122	$	105,552	$	289,409	$	(87,593)	$	307,490

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

7

ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (continued)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders' Equity
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2023	12,272,674	$	123	$	107,377	$	301,380	$	(79,763)	$	329,117
Net income						18,019				18,019
Other comprehensive loss, net								(2,543)		(2,543)
Common stock dividends declared ($0.48 per share)						(5,913)				(5,913)
Common stock issued under dividend reinvestment plan	30,996	—		806						806
Common stock issued, other	629	—		17						17
Stock-based compensation, net	123,520	1		1,174						1,175
Net settlement for employee taxes on restricted stock and options	(10,893)	—		(331)						(331)
Stock options exercised, net	7,481	—		94						94
Balance at June 30, 2024	12,424,407	$	124	$	109,137	$	313,486	$	(82,306)	$	340,441
Balance at December 31, 2022	12,133,516	$	121	$	103,793	$	274,560	$	(96,207)	$	282,267
Net income						20,452				20,452
Other comprehensive income, net								8,614		8,614
Common stock dividends declared ($0.46 per share)						(5,603)				(5,603)
Common stock issued under dividend reinvestment plan	24,219	—		746						746
Common stock issued, other	731	—		24						24
Stock-based compensation, net	79,581	1		1,281						1,282
Net settlement for employee taxes on restricted stock and options	(7,604)	—		(395)						(395)
Stock options exercised, net	14,290	—		103						103
Balance at June 30, 2023	12,244,733	$	122	$	105,552	$	289,409	$	(87,593)	$	307,490

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

8

ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	18,019	$	20,452
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	759		5,004
Depreciation and amortization	2,922		3,280
Stock-based compensation expense	1,069		1,151
Income on bank-owned life insurance, net	(961)		(623)
Net losses on sales of debt securities	—		2,419
Mortgage loans originated for sale	(2,872)		(1,188)
Proceeds from mortgage loans sold	3,138		1,208
Net gains on sales of loans	(66)		(20)
Net gains on equity securities	(566)		(173)
Changes in:
Net decrease (increase) in other assets	2,886		(22,102)
Net decrease in other liabilities	(8,439)		(1,338)
Net cash provided by operating activities	15,889		8,070
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of debt securities	—		84,779
Proceeds from maturities, calls and pay-downs of debt securities	29,058		32,428
Net purchases of equity securities	(900)		(1,456)
Net purchases of FHLB capital stock	(80)		(61)
Net increase in loans	(201,010)		(165,251)
Additions to premises and equipment, net	(1,800)		(2,058)
Net cash used in investing activities	(174,732)		(51,619)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits	271,280		39,792
Advancements from long-term borrowings	38,572		463
Repayments of long-term borrowings	(2,555)		(345)
Cash dividends paid, net of dividend reinvestment plan	(5,107)		(4,857)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	17		24
Net settlement for employee taxes on restricted stock and options	(331)		(395)
Net proceeds from stock option exercises	94		103
Net cash provided by financing activities	301,970		34,785
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	143,127		(8,764)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	56,592		267,589
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	199,719	$	258,825

See the accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements.

9

Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(1)Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Organization of the Company and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements and these notes should be read in conjunction with the December 31, 2023 audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Enterprise Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company," "Enterprise," "we," or "our") for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the "2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K") as filed with the SEC on March 8, 2024. The Company has not materially changed its significant accounting policies from those disclosed in its 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Item (b), "Recent Accounting Pronouncements," below in this Note 1.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements of the Company include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Enterprise Bank and Trust Company, commonly referred to as Enterprise Bank (the "Bank"). The Bank is a Massachusetts trust company and state chartered commercial bank organized in 1989. Substantially all of the Company's operations are conducted through the Bank and its subsidiaries. The services offered through the Bank and its subsidiaries are managed as one strategic unit and represent the Company's only reportable operating segment.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements, and notes thereto, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024 (this "Form 10-Q"), have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP for interim financial information and the SEC instructions for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements reflect all necessary adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals and elimination of intercompany balances, for a fair presentation. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire year, or any future period.

(b) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting pronouncements not yet adopted by the Company

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, "Disclosure Improvements — Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative." This ASU amends the ASC to incorporate certain disclosure requirements from SEC Release No. 33-10532 — Disclosure Update and Simplification that was issued in 2018. The effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC's removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. ASU 2023-06 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures." The amendments in this ASU are intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. For public business entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2023-07 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures." This ASU requires public business entities, on an annual basis, to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income by the applicable statutory income tax rate). ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2023-09 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

(c) Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events and transactions from June 30, 2024 through the date this Form 10-Q was filed with the SEC for potential recognition or disclosure as required by GAAP and determined there were no material subsequent events requiring recognition or disclosure.

10

Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(2)    Investment Securities

Debt Securities

All of the Company's debt securities were classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value as of the dates specified in the tables below. The amortized cost and fair values of debt securities at the dates specified are summarized as follows:

	June 30, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Federal agency obligations	$	5,001	$	—	$	13	$	4,988
U.S. Treasury securities	13,997		—		954		13,043
Federal agency CMO	374,678		—		64,206		310,472
Federal agency MBS	21,250		—		3,255		17,995
Taxable municipal securities	262,073		24		35,659		226,438
Tax-exempt municipal securities	42,098		2		646		41,454
Corporate bonds	3,466		—		109		3,357
Subordinated corporate bonds	11,960		—		1,393		10,567
Total debt securities, at fair value	$	734,523	$	26	$	106,235	$	628,314

	December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Federal agency obligations	$	5,006	$	—	$	28	$	4,978
U.S. Treasury securities	16,993		—		1,068		15,925
Federal agency CMO	396,665		33		61,947		334,751
Federal agency MBS	21,586		31		2,805		18,812
Taxable municipal securities	262,168		34		35,225		226,977
Tax-exempt municipal securities	45,548		156		285		45,419
Corporate bonds	4,058		—		92		3,966
Subordinated corporate bonds	11,957		—		1,672		10,285
Total debt securities, at fair value	$	763,981	$	254	$	103,122	$	661,113

Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale debt securities, included in the "Accrued Interest Receivable" line item on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets, amounted to $3.0 million at June 30, 2024 and $3.1 million at December 31, 2023.

At June 30, 2024, management performed its quarterly analysis of all securities with unrealized losses and determined that the losses were attributable to significant increases in market interest rates. Management concluded that no ACL for available-for-sale securities was necessary as of June 30, 2024 and anticipates they will mature or be called at par value. The Company does not intend to sell these investments and has determined, based upon available evidence, that it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell each security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis.

11

Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

The following tables summarize the duration of unrealized losses for debt securities at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	June 30, 2024
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		# of Holdings
Federal agency obligations	$	—	$	—	$	4,988	$	13	$	4,988	$	13	1
U.S. Treasury securities	—		—		13,043		954		13,043		954		3
Federal agency CMO	13,194		209		297,278		63,997		310,472		64,206		86
Federal agency MBS	1,640		16		16,355		3,239		17,995		3,255		11
Taxable municipal securities	1,989		321		223,425		35,338		225,414		35,659		251
Tax-exempt municipal securities	19,151		168		19,661		478		38,812		646		80
Corporate bonds	—		—		3,357		109		3,357		109		15
Subordinated corporate bonds	—		—		10,567		1,393		10,567		1,393		6
Total	$	35,974	$	714	$	588,674	$	105,521	$	624,648	$	106,235	453

	December 31, 2023
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		# of Holdings
Federal agency obligations	$	4,978	$	28	$	—	$	—	$	4,978	$	28	1
U.S. Treasury securities	—		—		15,925		1,068		15,925		1,068		4
Federal agency CMO	8,810		18		311,221		61,929		320,031		61,947		86
Federal agency MBS	—		—		17,114		2,805		17,114		2,805		10
Taxable municipal securities	1,993		316		223,949		34,909		225,942		35,225		251
Tax-exempt municipal securities	11,890		55		10,519		230		22,409		285		53
Corporate bonds	—		—		3,966		92		3,966		92		18
Subordinated corporate bonds	—		—		10,285		1,672		10,285		1,672		6
Total	$	27,671	$	417	$	592,979	$	102,705	$	620,650	$	103,122	429

The contractual maturity distribution at June 30, 2024 of debt securities was as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	25,452	$	25,289
Due after one, but within five years	94,887		89,174
Due after five, but within ten years	239,770		205,832
Due after ten years	374,414		308,019
Total debt securities	$	734,523	$	628,314

Scheduled contractual maturities shown above may not reflect the actual maturities of the investments. The actual MBS/CMO cash flows likely will be faster than presented above due to prepayments and amortization. Similarly, included in the table above are callable securities, comprised of municipal securities and corporate bonds, with a fair value of $131.5 million, which can be redeemed by the issuers prior to the maturity presented above. Management considers these factors when evaluating the interest-rate risk in the Company's asset-liability management program.

From time to time, the Company may pledge debt securities as collateral for deposit account balances of municipal customers, and for borrowing capacity with the FHLB and the FRB. The fair value of debt securities pledged as collateral for these purposes was $617.7 million and $650.8 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

12

Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company had no sales of debt securities. Sales of debt securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 are summarized as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	Three months ended June 30, 2023		Six months ended June 30, 2023
Amortized cost of debt securities sold (1)	$	87,198	$	87,198
Gross realized gains on sales	—		—
Gross realized losses on sales	(2,419)		(2,419)
Total proceeds from sales of debt securities	$	84,779	$	84,779

________________________________________

(1)     Amortized cost of investments sold is determined on a specific identification basis and includes pending trades based on trade date, if applicable.

Equity Securities

At June 30, 2024 the Company held equity securities with a fair value of $8.5 million, which consisted of $5.3 million in management directed investments and $3.2 million in mutual funds held in conjunction with the Company's supplemental executive retirement and deferred compensation plan.

At December 31, 2023, the Company held equity securities with a fair value of $7.1 million, which consisted of $4.4 million in management directed investments and $2.7 million in mutual funds held in conjunction with the Company's supplemental executive retirement and deferred compensation plan.

Net gains and losses recognized on equity securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 are summarized as follows:

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Net gains recognized during the period on equity securities	$	101	$	189	$	566	$	173
Less: Net (losses) gains recognized on equity securities sold during the period	—		(29)		1		(29)
Unrealized gains recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the end of the period	$	101	$	218	$	565	$	202

(3)Loans

Loan Portfolio Classifications

Major classifications of loans and their amortized cost as of the dates indicated were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate owner-occupied	$	660,478	$	619,302
Commercial real estate non owner-occupied	1,544,386		1,445,435
Commercial and industrial	426,976		430,749
Commercial construction	622,094		585,113
Total commercial loans	3,253,934		3,080,599
Residential mortgages	413,323		393,142
Home equity loans and lines	93,220		85,375
Consumer	8,172		8,515
Total retail loans	514,715		487,032
Total loans	3,768,649		3,567,631
ACL for loans	(61,999)		(58,995)
Net loans	$	3,706,650	$	3,508,636

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Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

Net deferred loan origination fees, included in the amortized costs of loans reflected in the table above, amounted to $4.4 million at June 30, 2024 and $5.4 million at December 31, 2023.

Accrued interest receivable on loans amounted to $17.3 million and $16.1 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and was included in the "Accrued interest receivable" line item on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Commercial loans originated by other banks in which the Company is a participating institution are carried at the pro-rata share of ownership and amounted to $148.1 million at June 30, 2024 and $126.6 million at December 31, 2023.

Loans serviced for others

The Company was servicing residential mortgage loans owned by investors amounting to $7.4 million and $7.7 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Additionally, the Company was servicing commercial loans originated by the Company and participated out to various other institutions amounting to $73.0 million and $69.8 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Loans serving as collateral

Loans designated as qualified collateral and pledged to the FHLB for borrowing capacity as of the dates indicated are summarized below:

(Dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate	$	444,578	$	495,831
Residential mortgages	386,818		369,062
Home equity	35,789		35,540
Total loans pledged to FHLB	$	867,185	$	900,433

(4)ACL for Loans

There have been no material changes to the Company's ACL for loans methodology, underwriting practices, or credit risk management system used to estimate credit loss exposure as described in the 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

See Note 4, "Credit Risk Management and ACL for Loans," to the Company's audited consolidated financial statements contained in the 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Part II, Item 7, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," under the subheading "Accounting Policies/Critical Accounting Estimates," of the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The credit risk management function of the Company evaluates a wide variety of factors, as early detection of credit issues is critical to minimizing credit losses. Accordingly, management regularly monitors internal credit quality indicators such as, the risk classification of loans, past due and non-accrual loans, individually evaluated loans, loan modifications, and the level of foreclosure activity, among other items. These credit quality indicators are outlined below.

Risk ratings and adversely classified loans

The Company's loan risk rating system classifies loans depending on risk of loss characteristics. Adversely classified ratings for loans determined to be of weaker credit range from "special mention," for loans that may need additional monitoring, to the more severe adverse classifications of "substandard," "doubtful," and "loss" based on criteria established under banking regulations.

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Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of the Company's loan portfolio risk ratings within portfolio classifications, by origination date, or revolving status as of the dates indicated:

	Balance at June 30, 2024
	Term Loans by Origination Year
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Commercial real estate owner-occupied
Pass	$	28,029	$	89,019	$	97,318	$	87,111	$	51,142	$	289,144	$	4,772	$	—	$	646,535
Special mention	—		31		—		—		—		7,009		—		—		7,040
Substandard	—		—		1,273		433		—		5,197		—		—		6,903
Total commercial real estate owner-occupied	28,029		89,050		98,591		87,544		51,142		301,350		4,772		—		660,478
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate non owner-occupied
Pass	61,471		142,258		298,913		296,863		158,719		545,481		21,969		—		1,525,674
Special mention	—		—		15,631		—		—		649		—		—		16,280
Substandard	—		—		—		769		—		1,663		—		—		2,432
Total commercial real estate non owner-occupied	61,471		142,258		314,544		297,632		158,719		547,793		21,969		—		1,544,386
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial
Pass	39,119		68,173		47,024		38,592		20,631		57,364		148,091		1,198		420,192
Special mention	—		—		—		—		239		376		2,233		18		2,866
Substandard	—		34		3,250		12		—		153		468		—		3,917
Doubtful	1		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1
Total commercial and industrial	39,120		68,207		50,274		38,604		20,870		57,893		150,792		1,216		426,976
Current period charge-offs	10		10		—		13		—		178		—		—		211
Commercial construction
Pass	54,801		247,524		143,564		106,009		10,500		20,462		31,328		—		614,188
Substandard	—		—		7,906		—		—		—		—		—		7,906
Total commercial construction	54,801		247,524		151,470		106,009		10,500		20,462		31,328		—		622,094
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential mortgages
Pass	31,315		83,436		104,931		67,119		45,691		79,243		—		—		411,735
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		106		—		—		106
Substandard	—		—		—		233		—		1,249		—		—		1,482
Total residential mortgages	31,315		83,436		104,931		67,352		45,691		80,598		—		—		413,323
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Home equity
Pass	507		459		768		522		439		2,303		87,377		699		93,074
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		8		—		50		58
Substandard	—		—		23		—		—		65		—		—		88
Total home equity	507		459		791		522		439		2,376		87,377		749		93,220
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer
Pass	1,764		2,480		1,445		1,168		601		714		—		—		8,172
Total consumer	1,764		2,480		1,445		1,168		601		714		—		—		8,172
Current period charge-offs	25		3		—		—		—		—		—		—		28
Total loans	$	217,007	$	633,414	$	722,046	$	598,831	$	287,962	$	1,011,186	$	296,238	$	1,965	$	3,768,649
Total current period charge-offs	$	35	$	13	$	—	$	13	$	—	$	178	$	—	$	—	$	239

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Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

	Balance at December 31, 2023
	Term Loans by Origination Year
(Dollars in thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term		Total
Commercial real estate owner-occupied
Pass	$	82,500	$	83,366	$	88,178	$	52,891	$	51,379	$	242,518	$	2,169	$	—	$	603,001
Special mention	31		—		—		—		489		6,971		—		—		7,491
Substandard	—		1,311		270		—		—		7,229		—		—		8,810
Total commercial real estate	82,531		84,677		88,448		52,891		51,868		256,718		2,169		—		619,302
Current period charge-offs owner-occupied	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate non owner-occupied
Pass	133,179		288,240		278,833		148,730		165,676		398,516		9,961		107		1,423,242
Special mention	—		15,782		—		—		—		2,977		—		—		18,759
Substandard	—		—		361		—		969		1,654		—		450		3,434
Total commercial real estate non owner-occupied	133,179		304,022		279,194		148,730		166,645		403,147		9,961		557		1,445,435
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial
Pass	73,608		51,990		45,278		24,778		23,724		44,609		156,465		3,402		423,854
Special mention	—		—		—		70		215		201		2,227		223		2,936
Substandard	—		—		18		—		1		209		316		3,415		3,959
Total commercial and industrial	73,608		51,990		45,296		24,848		23,940		45,019		159,008		7,040		430,749
Current period charge-offs	15		248		—		—		67		266		—		—		596
Commercial construction
Pass	192,462		164,313		143,203		22,017		16,247		10,532		27,261		—		576,035
Special mention	—		7,905		—		—		1,173		—		—		—		9,078
Total commercial construction	192,462		172,218		143,203		22,017		17,420		10,532		27,261		—		585,113
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Residential mortgages
Pass	82,848		107,222		69,979		46,674		19,205		65,311		—		—		391,239
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		109		—		—		109
Substandard	—		—		236		—		1,055		503		—		—		1,794
Total residential mortgages	82,848		107,222		70,215		46,674		20,260		65,923		—		—		393,142
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Home equity
Pass	1,203		775		561		444		317		1,738		79,421		636		85,095
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		72		—		208		280
Total home equity	1,203		775		561		444		317		1,810		79,421		844		85,375
Current period charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer
Pass	3,705		1,652		1,371		722		623		442		—		—		8,515
Total consumer	3,705		1,652		1,371		722		623		442		—		—		8,515
Current period charge-offs	35		—		—		—		—		1		—		—		36
Total loans	$	569,536	$	722,556	$	628,288	$	296,326	$	281,073	$	783,591	$	277,820	$	8,441	$	3,567,631
Total current period charge-offs	$	50	$	248	$	—	$	—	$	67	$	267	$	—	$	—	$	632

The total amortized cost basis of adversely classified loans amounted to $49.1 million, or 1.30% of total loans, at June 30, 2024, and $56.7 million, or 1.59% of total loans, at December 31, 2023.

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Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

Past due and non-accrual loans

The following tables present an age analysis of past due loans by portfolio classification as of the dates indicated:

	Balance at June 30, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Past Due 90 Days or More		Total Past Due Loans(1)		Current  Loans(1)		Total Loans
Commercial real estate owner-occupied	$	974	$	—	$	192	$	1,166	$	659,312	$	660,478
Commercial real estate non owner-occupied	6,011		384		1,251		7,646		1,536,740		1,544,386
Commercial and industrial	642		460		3,326		4,428		422,548		426,976
Commercial construction	1,853		—		7,906		9,759		612,335		622,094
Residential mortgages	4,463		—		1,209		5,672		407,651		413,323
Home equity	48		50		—		98		93,122		93,220
Consumer	6		—		—		6		8,166		8,172
Total loans	$	13,997	$	894	$	13,884	$	28,775	$	3,739,874	$	3,768,649

	Balance at December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Past Due 90 Days or More		Total Past Due Loans(1)		Current  Loans(1)		Total Loans
Commercial real estate owner-occupied	$	459	$	270	$	212	$	941	$	618,361	$	619,302
Commercial real estate non owner-occupied	722		504		1,122		2,348		1,443,087		1,445,435
Commercial and industrial	660		64		—		724		430,025		430,749
Commercial construction	—		—		—		—		585,113		585,113
Residential mortgages	1,265		—		1,277		2,542		390,600		393,142
Home equity	53		—		97		150		85,225		85,375
Consumer	25		2		—		27		8,488		8,515
Total loans	$	3,184	$	840	$	2,708	$	6,732	$	3,560,899	$	3,567,631

_______________________________________

(1)The loan balances in the tables above include loans designated as non-accrual according to their payment due status.

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all loans past due 90 days or more were carried as non-accrual, however, not all non-accrual loans were 90 days or more past due in their payments. Loans that were less than 90 days past due where reasonable doubt existed as to the full and timely collection of interest or principal have also been designated as non-accrual, despite their payment due status.

The following tables present the amortized cost of non-accrual loans by portfolio classification as of the dates indicated:

	Balance at June 30, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Total Non-accrual Loans		Non-accrual Loans without a Specific Reserve		Non-accrual Loans with a Specific Reserve		Related Specific Reserve
Commercial real estate owner-occupied	$	2,376	$	2,376	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate non owner-occupied	2,432		1,479		953		214
Commercial and industrial	3,703		289		3,414		3,031
Commercial construction	7,906		—		7,906		2,550
Residential mortgages	1,249		1,249		—		—
Home equity	65		65		—		—
Consumer	—		—		—		—
Total loans	$	17,731	$	5,458	$	12,273	$	5,795

17

Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

	Balance at December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Total Non-accrual Loans		Non-accrual Loans without a Specific Reserve		Non-accrual Loans with a Specific Reserve		Related Specific Reserve
Commercial real estate owner-occupied	$	2,683	$	2,683	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate non owner-occupied	2,686		1,717		969		229
Commercial and industrial	4,262		736		3,526		2,658
Commercial construction	—		—		—		—
Residential mortgages	1,526		1,526		—		—
Home equity	257		257		—		—
Consumer	—		—		—		—
Total loans	$	11,414	$	6,919	$	4,495	$	2,887

The ratio of non-accrual loans to total loans amounted to 0.47% and 0.32% at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The increase in non-accrual loans from December 31, 2023 to June 30, 2024 was due primarily to one commercial construction loan that was deemed collateral dependent and added to non-accrual.

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, additional funding commitments for non-accrual loans were immaterial.

Collateral dependent loans

The total recorded investment in collateral dependent loans amounted to $19.5 million at June 30, 2024 compared to $13.7 million at December 31, 2023. Total accruing collateral dependent loans amounted to $1.9 million while non-accrual collateral dependent loans amounted to $17.6 million as of June 30, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, total accruing collateral dependent loans amounted to $2.4 million, while non-accrual collateral dependent loans amounted to $11.3 million.

The following tables present the recorded investment in collateral dependent loans and the related specific allowance by portfolio allocation as of the dates indicated:

	Balance at June 30, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance		Total Recorded Investment in Collateral Dependent Loans		Recorded Investment without a Specific Reserve		Recorded Investment with a Specific Reserve		Related Specific Reserve
Commercial real estate owner-occupied	$	4,219	$	3,706	$	3,706	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate non owner-occupied	3,403		2,432		1,479		953		214
Commercial and industrial	5,026		3,764		500		3,264		2,923
Commercial construction	7,938		7,906		—		7,906		2,550
Residential mortgages	1,676		1,587		1,587		—		—
Home equity	120		88		88		—		—
Consumer	—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	22,382	$	19,483	$	7,360	$	12,123	$	5,687

18

Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

	Balance at December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance		Total Recorded Investment in Collateral Dependent Loans		Recorded Investment without a Specific Reserve		Recorded Investment with a Specific Reserve		Related Specific Reserve
Commercial real estate owner-occupied	$	4,641	$	4,165	$	4,165	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate non owner-occupied	4,062		2,983		2,015		968		229
Commercial and industrial	6,804		4,332		950		3,382		2,526
Commercial construction	—		—		—		—		—
Residential mortgages	2,117		1,902		1,902		—		—
Home equity	359		281		281		—		—
Consumer	—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	17,983	$	13,663	$	9,313	$	4,350	$	2,755

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, additional funding commitments for collateral dependent loans were immaterial.

Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty

The Company works with loan customers experiencing financial difficulty and may enter into loan modifications to the extent deemed to be necessary or appropriate while attempting to achieve the best mutual outcome given the individual financial circumstances and future prospects of the borrower. An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of the modification. Modifications made for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be concessions in the form of principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, payment deferrals of principal, interest or both, or term extensions, or some combination thereof. When a debt has been previously modified, the Company considers the cumulative effect of modifications made within the prior twelve-month period before the current modification, when determining whether or not a delay in payment resulting from the current modification is insignificant.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, there were no loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by type of concession granted during the period indicated:

		Three months ended
		June 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Payment Deferrals			% of Total Loan Class
Residential mortgages		$	33		0.01	%
Home equity loans and lines		421			0.57	%
Total		$	454		0.01	%

		Six months ended
		June 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Payment Deferrals	% of Total Loan Class
Commercial real estate owner-occupied		$	276	0.04	%
Commercial and industrial		37		0.01	%
Residential mortgages		33		0.01	%
Home equity loans and lines		421		0.57	%
Total		$	767	0.02	%

19

Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

The following table presents the financial effect of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the period indicated:

	Three months ended
	June 30, 2023
	Weighted Average Payment Deferrals
Commercial and industrial	0.5 years
Residential mortgages	0.5 years

	Six months ended
	June 30, 2023
	Weighted Average Payment Deferrals
Commercial real estate owner-occupied	0.5 years
Commercial and industrial	0.5 years
Residential mortgages	0.5 years
Home equity loans and lines	0.5 years

The Company closely monitors the performance of loans that are modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table presents the performance status of loans that had been modified within the preceding twelve months for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, at the period indicated.

	Balance at June 30, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Past Due 90 Days or More		Total Past Due
Commercial real estate owner-occupied	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate non owner-occupied	—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial	—		—		—		84		84
Commercial construction	—		—		—		—		—
Residential mortgages	—		—		—		—		—
Home equity	—		—		—		—		—
Consumer	—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	84	$	84

	Balance at June 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Past Due 90 Days or More		Total Past Due
Commercial real estate owner-occupied	$	395	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate non owner-occupied	—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial	236		—		—		—		—
Commercial construction	—		—		—		—		—
Residential mortgages	33		—		—		—		—
Home equity	421		—		—		—		—
Consumer	—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,085	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, there were no subsequent defaults on loans that had been modified within the preceding twelve months for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. At June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, additional funding commitments to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty who were party to a loan modification were immaterial.

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Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

ACL for loans and provision for credit loss activity

The following table presents changes in the provision for credit losses on loans and unfunded commitments during the periods indicated:

	Three months ended				Six months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2024		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2024		June 30, 2023
Provision for credit losses on loans - collectively evaluated	$	(230)	$	2,210	$	187	$	4,570
Provision for credit losses on loans - individually evaluated	1,358		(167)		2,809		(209)
Provision for credit losses on loans	1,128		2,043		2,996		4,361
Provision for unfunded commitments	(991)		225		(2,237)		643
Provision for credit losses	$	137	$	2,268	$	759	$	5,004

ACL for loans

The ACL for loans amounted to $62.0 million and $59.0 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The ACL for loans to total loans ratio was 1.65% at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

The following tables present changes in the ACL for loans by portfolio classification, during the three-month periods indicated:

(Dollars in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate Owner-Occupied		Commercial Real Estate Non Owner-Occupied		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Construction		Residential Mortgage		Home Equity		Consumer		Total
Beginning Balance at March 31, 2024	$	10,479	$	28,821	$	10,333	$	8,216	$	2,072	$	535	$	285	$	60,741
Provision for credit losses on loans	93		(225)		47		1,213		(13)		13		—		1,128
Recoveries	—		—		165		—		—		2		8		175
Less: Charge-offs	—		—		26		—		—		—		19		45
Ending Balance at June 30, 2024	$	10,572	$	28,596	$	10,519	$	9,429	$	2,059	$	550	$	274	$	61,999

(Dollars in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate Owner-Occupied		Commercial Real Estate Non Owner-Occupied		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Construction		Residential Mortgage		Home Equity		Consumer		Total
Beginning Balance at March 31, 2023	$	10,694	$	27,031	$	9,378	$	4,453	$	2,378	$	712	$	356	$	55,002
Provision for credit losses on loans	485		1,367		(138)		265		75		(16)		5		2,043
Recoveries	—		—		84		—		—		2		3		89
Less: Charge-offs	—		—		220		—		—		—		15		235
Ending Balance at June 30, 2023	$	11,179	$	28,398	$	9,104	$	4,718	$	2,453	$	698	$	349	$	56,899

The following tables present changes in the ACL for loans by portfolio classification, during the six-month periods indicated:

(Dollars in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate Owner-Occupied		Commercial Real Estate Non Owner-Occupied		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Construction		Residential Mortgage		Home Equity		Consumer		Total
Beginning Balance at December 31, 2023	$	10,454	$	27,620	$	11,089	$	6,787	$	2,152	$	579	$	314	$	58,995
Provision for credit losses for loans	118		976		(592)		2,642		(93)		(33)		(22)		2,996
Recoveries	—		—		233		—		—		4		10		247
Less: Charge-offs	—		—		211		—		—		—		28		239
Ending Balance at June 30, 2024	$	10,572	$	28,596	$	10,519	$	9,429	$	2,059	$	550	$	274	$	61,999

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Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate Owner-Occupied		Commercial Real Estate Non Owner-Occupied		Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Construction		Residential Mortgage		Home Equity		Consumer		Total
Beginning Balance at December 31, 2022	$	10,304	$	26,260	$	8,896	$	3,961	$	2,255	$	633	$	331	$	52,640
Provision for credit losses for loans	875		2,138		300		757		198		60		33		4,361
Recoveries	—		—		211		—		—		5		6		222
Less: Charge-offs	—		—		303		—		—		—		21		324
Ending Balance at June 30, 2023	$	11,179	$	28,398	$	9,104	$	4,718	$	2,453	$	698	$	349	$	56,899

Reserve for unfunded commitments

The Company's reserve for unfunded commitments amounted to $4.9 million at June 30, 2024 and $7.1 million at December 31, 2023. Management believes that the Company's ACL for loans and reserve for unfunded commitments were adequate as of June 30, 2024.

Other real estate owned

The Company carried no OREO at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $1.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively, in consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdictions.

(5)Leases

As of June 30, 2024, the Company had 16 facilities contracted under various non-cancelable operating leases, most of which provide options to the Company to extend the lease periods and include periodic rent adjustments.

Lease expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 amounted to $413 thousand and $836 thousand, respectively, compared to $397 thousand and $801 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. Variable lease costs and short-term lease expenses included in lease expense during these periods were immaterial.

The weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases at June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 was 28.0 years and 29.0 years, respectively. The weighted average discount rate was 3.55% at June 30, 2024 and 3.51% at June 30, 2023.

At June 30, 2024, the remaining undiscounted cash flows by year of these lease liabilities were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	Operating Leases
2024 (six remaining months)	$	742
2025	1,457
2026	1,468
2027	1,474
2028	1,477
Thereafter	31,723
Total lease payments	38,341
Less: Imputed interest	14,184
Total lease liability	$	24,157

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Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(6)Deposits

Deposits are summarized as follows as of the periods indicated:

(Dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Non-interest checking	$	1,050,876	$	1,070,104
Interest-bearing checking	788,822		697,632
Savings	285,461		285,770
Money market	1,504,551		1,402,939
CDs $250,000 or less	358,149		295,789
CDs greater than $250,000	260,942		225,287
Deposits	$	4,248,801	$	3,977,521

All of the Company's deposits outstanding at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were customer deposits, and the Company had no brokered deposits at either June 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023. Customer deposits include reciprocal balances from checking, money market deposits and CDs received from participating banks in nationwide deposit networks due to our customers electing to participate in Company offered programs which allow for third-party enhanced FDIC deposit insurance. Under this enhanced deposit insurance program, the equivalent of the customers' original deposited funds comes back to the Company and are carried within the appropriate category under deposits. The Company's balances in these reciprocal products were $933.1 million and $835.0 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(7)Borrowed Funds and Subordinated Debt

Borrowed funds at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized, as follows:

	June 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Balance		Rate		Balance		Rate
Within 12 months	$	53,400	4.85	%	$	20,000	4.84	%
Between 1 and 5 years	270		—	%	270		—	%
Over 5 years	8,115		1.05	%	5,498		1.09	%
Total borrowed funds	$	61,785	4.33	%	$	25,768	3.99	%

The Company's borrowed funds at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were comprised of FRB advances through the BTFP and term advances related to specific lending projects funded under community development programs through the FHLB and NH BFA.

The Company also had outstanding subordinated debt (net of deferred issuance costs) of $59.7 million at June 30, 2024 and $59.5 million at December 31, 2023. The outstanding subordinated notes are due on July 15, 2030 and callable at the Company's option on or after July 15, 2025.

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Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(8)    Derivatives and Hedging Activities

For further information on the Company's derivatives and hedging activities, see Note 9, "Derivatives and Hedging," to the Company's audited consolidated financial statements contained in the 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

The tables below present a summary of the Company's derivative financial instruments, notional amounts and fair values at the periods presented:

	June 30, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)	Asset Notional Amount		Asset Derivatives(1)(2)		Liability Notional Amount		Liability Derivatives(1)(2)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest-rate contracts - pay fixed, receive floating	$	100,000	$	145	$	—	$	—
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments	$	100,000	$	145	$	—	$	—
Derivatives not subject to hedge accounting
Interest-rate contracts - pay floating, receive fixed	$	—	$	—	$	7,394	$	757
Interest-rate contracts - pay fixed, receive floating	7,394		757		—		—
Risk participation agreements sold	—		—		46,910		37
Total derivatives not subject to hedge accounting	$	7,394	$	757	$	54,304	$	794

	December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Asset Notional Amount		Asset Derivatives(1)(2)		Liability Notional Amount		Liability Derivatives(1)(2)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest-rate contracts - pay fixed, receive floating	$	—	$	—	$	100,000	$	760
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments	$	—	$	—	$	100,000	$	760
Derivatives not subject to hedge accounting
Interest-rate contracts - pay floating, receive fixed	$	—	$	—	$	7,524	$	630
Interest-rate contracts - pay fixed, receive floating	7,524		630		—		—
Risk participation agreements sold	—		—		46,910		65
Total derivatives not subject to hedge accounting	$	7,524	$	630	$	54,434	$	695

_________________________________________

(1) Accrued interest balances related to the Company's interest-rate swaps are not included in the fair values above and are immaterial.

(2) The assets and liabilities related to the pay fixed, receive floating interest-rate contracts are subject to a master netting agreement and are presented net in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The Company had no derivatives designated as cash flow hedges at either June 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

Fair value hedges

Derivatives designated as fair value hedges are utilized to mitigate the risk of adverse interest-rate fluctuations on specifically identified assets or liabilities. The Company's fair value hedges are used to manage its exposure to changes in the fair value of hedged items caused by changes in interest rates.

The Company had three interest rate swap agreements with a combined notional value of $100.0 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Each interest rate swap agreement was designated as a fair value hedge and involves the net settlement of receiving floating-rate payments from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.

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Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

The table below presents the carrying amount of hedged items and cumulative fair value hedging basis adjustments for the periods presented:

		June 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Balance Sheet Location of Hedged Item	Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets		Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets
Interest-rate contracts - loans	Loans	$	99,828	$	(172)	$	100,755	$	755

The table below presents the gains (losses) from interest rate derivatives accounted for as fair value hedges and the related hedged items during the periods indicated:

		Three months ended				Six months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	Affected Income Statement Line Item	June 30, 2024		June 30, 2023		June 30, 2024		June 30, 2023
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
Fair value adjustments on derivatives	Net interest income	$	123	$	260	$	904	$	260
Fair value adjustments on hedged instrument	Net interest income	(131)		(264)		(927)		(264)
Total		$	(8)	$	(4)	$	(23)	$	(4)

Derivatives not subject to hedge accounting

Interest-rate Contracts

Each back-to-back interest-rate swap consists of two interest-rate swaps (a customer swap and offsetting counterparty swap) and amounted to a total number of four interest-rate swaps outstanding at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. As a result of this offsetting relationship, there were no net gains or losses recognized in income on back-to-back swaps during the six months ended June 30, 2024 or June 30, 2023.

Interest-rate swaps with counterparties are subject to master netting agreements, while interest-rate swaps with customers are not. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all back-to-back swaps with the counterparty were in asset positions, therefore there was no netting reflected in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the respective dates.

Risk Participation Agreements

The Company enters into RPAs for which the Company has assumed credit risk for customers' performance under interest-rate swap agreements related to the customers' commercial loan and receives fee income commensurate with the risk assumed. The RPAs and the customers' loan are secured by the same collateral.

Credit Risk

As of June 30, 2024, the Company had two active interest-rate swap institutional counterparties both of which had investment grade credit ratings. When the Company has credit risk exposure, collateral is posted by counterparties. Collateral posted by counterparties is restricted and not considered an asset of the Company, therefore, it is not carried on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. If the Company posts collateral, the restricted cash is carried on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with its derivative counterparties and, as of June 30, 2024, the Company had $902 thousand in credit risk exposure relating to interest-rate swaps with counterparties and the cash collateral posted by counterparties amounted to $1.1 million. At December 31, 2023, the Company had no credit risk exposure relating to interest-rate swaps with counterparties and cash collateral posted by the Company amounted to $570 thousand while cash collateral posted by counterparties amounted to $590 thousand.

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Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features

There have been no material changes to the credit-risk-related contingent provisions contained within the Company's interest-rate swaps with counterparties since December 31, 2023. As of June 30, 2024, the fair value of derivatives related to these agreements was at a net asset position of $902 thousand, which excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk. The Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and as of June 30, 2024, has not posted collateral related to these agreements.

Other Derivative Related Activity

Interest-rate lock commitments related to the origination of mortgage loans that will be sold are considered derivative instruments. The commitments to sell loans are also considered derivative instruments. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the Company's interest-rate lock commitments and commitments to sell these mortgage loans were deemed immaterial.

(9) Regulatory Capital Requirements

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company met the definition of "well-capitalized" under the applicable regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Bank qualified as "well-capitalized" under the prompt corrective action regulations of the FDIC and the Basel III capital guidelines.

The Company's and the Bank's actual capital amounts and ratios are presented as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 in the tables below:

	Actual				Minimum Capital for Capital Adequacy Purposes(1)				Minimum Capital to be Well Capitalized(2)
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
As of June 30, 2024
The Company (consolidated)
Total Capital to risk-weighted assets	$	527,383	13.07	%	$	322,764	8.00	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Capital to risk-weighted assets	417,091		10.34	%	242,073		6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Capital to average assets (or Leverage Ratio)	417,091		8.76	%	190,509		4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to risk-weighted assets	417,091		10.34	%	181,555		4.50	%	N/A		N/A
The Bank
Total Capital to risk-weighted assets	$	524,138	12.99	%	$	322,764	8.00	%	$	403,455	10.00	%
Tier 1 Capital to risk-weighted assets	473,503		11.74	%	242,073		6.00	%	322,764		8.00	%
Tier 1 Capital to average assets (or Leverage Ratio)	473,503		9.94	%	190,509		4.00	%	238,136		5.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to risk-weighted assets	473,503		11.74	%	181,555		4.50	%	262,246		6.50	%

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Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

	Actual				Minimum Capital for Capital Adequacy Purposes(1)				Minimum Capital to be Well Capitalized(2)
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
As of December 31, 2023
The Company (consolidated)
Total Capital to risk-weighted assets	$	511,692	13.12	%	$	312,035	8.00	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Capital to risk-weighted assets	403,224		10.34	%	234,026		6.00	%	N/A		N/A
Tier 1 Capital to average assets (or Leverage Ratio)	403,224		8.74	%	184,471		4.00	%	N/A		N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to risk-weighted assets	403,224		10.34	%	175,520		4.50	%	N/A		N/A
The Bank
Total Capital to risk-weighted assets	$	510,645	13.09	%	$	312,035	8.00	%	$	390,044	10.00	%
Tier 1 Capital to risk-weighted assets	461,675		11.84	%	234,026		6.00	%	312,035		8.00	%
Tier 1 Capital to average assets (or Leverage Ratio)	461,675		10.01	%	184,471		4.00	%	230,589		5.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to risk-weighted assets	461,675		11.84	%	175,520		4.50	%	253,528		6.50	%

__________________________________________

(1)Before application of the capital conservation buffer of 2.50% as of June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023. See discussion      below.

(2)For the Bank to qualify as "well-capitalized," it must maintain at least the minimum ratios listed under the regulatory prompt corrective action framework. This framework does not apply to the Company.

The Company is subject to the Basel III capital ratio requirements which include a "capital conservation buffer" of 2.50% above the regulatory minimum risk-based capital adequacy requirements shown above. If a banking organization dips into its capital conservation buffer it may be restricted in its activities, including its ability to pay dividends and discretionary bonus payments to its executive officers. Both the Company's and the Bank's actual ratios, as outlined in the table above, exceeded the Basel III risk-based capital requirement with the capital conservation buffer as of June 30, 2024. At June 30, 2024, the capital conservation buffer amounted to $100.9 million for both the Company and the Bank.

(10)Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents a reconciliation of the changes in the components of other comprehensive income (loss) for the dates indicated, including the amount of income tax (expense) benefit allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss):

	Three months ended June 30, 2024						Three months ended June 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Pre-Tax		Tax Benefit		After Tax Amount		Pre-Tax		Tax Benefit		After Tax Amount
Change in fair value of debt securities	$	(572)	$	140	$	(432)	$	(17,505)	$	3,986	$	(13,519)
Less: net security losses reclassified into non-interest income	—		—		—		(2,419)		534		(1,885)
Total other comprehensive loss, net	$	(572)	$	140	$	(432)	$	(15,086)	$	3,452	$	(11,634)

	Six months ended June 30, 2024						Six months ended June 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Pre-Tax		Tax Benefit		After Tax Amount		Pre-Tax		Tax Benefit (Expense)		After Tax Amount
Change in fair value of debt securities	$	(3,341)	$	798	$	(2,543)	$	8,655	$	(1,926)	$	6,729
Less: net security losses reclassified into non-interest income	—		—		—		(2,419)		534		(1,885)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net	$	(3,341)	$	798	$	(2,543)	$	11,074	$	(2,460)	$	8,614

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Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

Information on the Company's accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, is comprised of the following components as of the periods indicated:

	Three months ended June 30, 2024		Three months ended June 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Unrealized Losses on Debt Securities			Unrealized Losses on Debt Securities
Accumulated other comprehensive loss - beginning balance	$	(81,874)		$	(75,959)
Total other comprehensive loss, net	(432)			(11,634)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss - ending balance	$	(82,306)		$	(87,593)

	Six months ended June 30, 2024		Six months ended June 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Unrealized Losses on Debt Securities			Unrealized Losses on Debt Securities
Accumulated other comprehensive loss - beginning balance	$	(79,763)		$	(96,207)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net	(2,543)			8,614
Accumulated other comprehensive loss - ending balance	$	(82,306)		$	(87,593)

(11)Stock-Based Compensation

There have been no material changes to The Enterprise Bancorp, Inc. 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2016 Plan") since December 31, 2023. As of June 30, 2024, 258,144 shares of Company common stock remained available for future grants under the 2016 Plan.

Total stock-based compensation expense was $566 thousand and $1.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, compared to $629 thousand and $1.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

Stock Option Awards

The Company issued no stock options during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2024, there were 15,424 non-vested outstanding stock options that are expected to vest over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 1.4 years.

The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock option awards of $27 thousand and $68 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, compared to $46 thousand and $96 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

Restricted Stock Awards

Restricted stock awards are granted at the market price of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant. Employee restricted stock awards generally vest over four years in equal portions beginning on or about the first anniversary date of the restricted stock award or are performance-based restricted stock awards that vest upon the Company achieving certain predefined performance objectives. Non-employee director restricted stock awards generally vest over two years in equal portions beginning on or about the first anniversary date of the restricted stock award.

The table below provides a summary of restricted stock awards granted during the periods indicated:

	Six months ended June 30,
Restricted Stock Awards (number of underlying shares)	2024		2023
Two-year vesting	17,122		9,915
Four-year vesting	78,582		32,719
Performance-based vesting	26,338		31,270
Total restricted stock awards granted	122,042		73,904
Weighted average grant date fair value	$	24.68	$	32.04

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Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

Stock-based compensation expense recognized in association with stock awards, mainly restricted stock awards, amounted to $487 thousand and $889 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, compared to $525 thousand and $932 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

Stock in Lieu of Directors' Fees

Non-employee members of the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") may opt to receive newly issued shares of the Company's common stock in lieu of cash compensation for attendance at meetings of the Board and committees of the Board. Stock-based compensation expense related to these directors' fees amounted to $52 thousand and $112 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, compared to $58 thousand and $123 thousand for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

(12)Earnings per Share

The table below presents the increase in average shares outstanding, using the treasury stock method, for the diluted earnings per share calculation for the periods indicated:

	Three months ended June 30,		Six months ended June 30,
	2024	2023	2024	2023
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	12,389,917	12,228,081	12,341,630	12,191,857
Dilutive shares	4,546	16,782	7,943	26,878
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	12,394,463	12,244,863	12,349,573	12,218,735

Stock options outstanding that were determined to be anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the calculation of dilutive shares amounted to 103,303 and 102,869 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, compared to 105,719 and 48,373 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. These stock options, which were not dilutive, may potentially dilute earnings per share in the future.

Unvested participating restricted stock awards amounted to 193,884 shares and 130,039 shares as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

(13)Fair Value Measurements

The FASB defines the fair value of an asset or liability to be the price which a seller would receive in an orderly transaction between market participants (an exit price) and also establishes a fair value hierarchy segregating fair value measurements using three levels of inputs: (Level 1) quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; (Level 2) significant other observable inputs, including quoted prices for similar items in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar items in markets that are not active, inputs such as interest rates and yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks and default rates which provide a reasonable basis for fair value determination or inputs derived principally from observed market data; and (Level 3) significant unobservable inputs for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs must reflect reasonable assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, which are developed based on the best information available under the circumstances.

29

Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

The following tables summarize significant assets and liabilities carried at fair value and placement in the fair value hierarchy at the dates specified:

	June 30, 2024
			Fair Value Measurements Using:
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets measured on a recurring basis:
Debt securities	$	628,314	$	—	$	628,314	$	—
Equity securities	8,524		8,524		—		—
FHLB stock	2,482		—		2,482		—
Interest-rate swaps	902		—		902		—
Assets measured on a non-recurring basis:
Individually evaluated loans (collateral dependent)	6,436		—		—		6,436
Liabilities measured on a recurring basis:
Interest-rate swaps	$	757	$	—	$	757	$	—
RPAs sold	37		—		37		—

 

	December 31, 2023
			Fair Value Measurements Using:
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets measured on a recurring basis:
Debt securities	$	661,113	$	—	$	661,113	$	—
Equity securities	7,058		7,058		—		—
FHLB stock	2,402		—		2,402		—
Interest-rate swaps	630		—		630		—
Assets measured on a non-recurring basis:
Individually evaluated loans (collateral dependent)	1,595		—		—		1,595
Liabilities measured on a recurring basis:
Interest-rate swaps	$	1,390	$	—	$	1,390	$	—
RPAs sold	65		—		65		—

The Company utilizes third-party pricing vendors to provide valuations on its debt securities.

The Company's equity portfolio fair value is measured based on quoted market prices for the shares; therefore, these securities are categorized as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.

The Bank is required to purchase FHLB stock at par value in association with advances from the FHLB. The stock is issued, redeemed, repurchased and transferred by the FHLB only at their fixed par value. This stock is classified as a restricted investment and carried at FHLB par value which management believes approximates fair value; therefore, these securities are categorized as Level 2 measures.

The fair values of derivative assets and liabilities, which are comprised of back-to-back swaps, fair value hedges and risk participation agreements, represent a FASB Level 2 measurement and are based on settlement values adjusted for credit risks and observable market interest-rate curves. The Company utilizes third-party vendors to provide valuations on its derivative assets and liabilities. Refer also to Note 8, "Derivatives and Hedging Activities," this Form 10-Q, contained above, for additional information on the Company's interest-rate swaps.

For loans individually assessed and deemed to be collateral dependent management has estimated the value and the probable credit loss by comparing the loan's amortized cost against the expected realizable fair value of the collateral (appraised value, or internal analysis, less estimated cost to sell, adjusted as necessary for changes in relevant valuation factors subsequent to the measurement date). Certain inputs used in these assessments, and possible subsequent adjustments, are not always observable,

30

Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

and therefore, collateral dependent loans carried at realizable fair value are categorized as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. A specific reserve is assigned to the collateral dependent loan for the amount of management's estimated probable credit loss. The specific reserve assigned to individually evaluated loans that are collateral dependent amounted to $5.7 million at June 30, 2024, compared to $2.8 million at December 31, 2023.

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis for which the Company utilized Level 3 inputs (significant unobservable inputs for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability) to determine fair value as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Unobservable Input Value or Range
Assets measured on a non-recurring basis:
Individually evaluated loans (collateral dependent)	$	6,436	$	1,595	Appraisal of collateral	Appraisal adjustments(1)	15% - 75%

_______________________________

(1)Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses.

Estimated Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities

In addition to disclosures regarding the measurement of assets and liabilities carried at fair value on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets, the Company is also required to disclose fair value information about financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value, whether or not recognized on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

Financial instruments for which the fair value is disclosed but not recognized on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets are summarized below. The table includes the carrying value, estimated fair value and its placement in the fair value hierarchy as follows:

	June 30, 2024
					Fair Value Measurement
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1 Inputs		Level 2 Inputs		Level 3 Inputs
Financial assets:
Loans, net	$	3,706,650	$	3,533,202	$	—	$	—	$	3,533,202
Financial liabilities:
CDs	619,091		617,307		—		617,307		—
Borrowed funds	61,785		59,297		—		59,297		—
Subordinated debt	59,657		60,685		—		60,685		—

	December 31, 2023
					Fair Value Measurement
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1 Inputs		Level 2 Inputs		Level 3 Inputs
Financial assets:
Loans held for sale	$	200	$	201	$	—	$	201	$	—
Loans, net	3,508,636		3,353,968		—		—		3,353,968
Financial liabilities:
CDs	521,076		518,928		—		518,928		—
Borrowed funds	25,768		24,081		—		24,081		—
Subordinated debt	59,498		55,572		—		55,572		—

Excluded from the tables above are certain financial instruments with carrying values that approximated their fair value at the dates indicated, as they were short-term in nature or payable on demand. These include cash and cash equivalents, accrued interest and non-term deposit accounts. The respective carrying values of these instruments would all be classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

31

Table of Contents ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC. Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

Also excluded from these tables are the fair values of commitments for unused portions of lines of credit and commitments to originate loans that were short-term, at current market rates and estimated to have no significant change in fair value.

(14)Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The supplemental cash flow information for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 is as follows:

	Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023
Supplemental financial data:
Cash paid for: interest	$	35,920	$	16,187
Cash paid for: income taxes	7,390		7,786
Cash paid for: lease liability	709		686

.

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Item 2 -Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management's discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Enterprise Bancorp, Inc. (the "Company," "Enterprise," "we," or "our") unaudited consolidated interim financial statements and notes thereto contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024 (this "Form 10-Q"), and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the "2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K"), as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on March 8, 2024.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements about the Company and its industry involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Statements other than statements of current or historical fact, including statements regarding the Company's future financial condition, results of operations, business plans, liquidity, cash flows, projected costs, and the impact of any laws or regulations applicable to the Company, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may be identified by reference to a future period or periods or by use of forward-looking terminology such as "will," "should," "could," "anticipates," "believes," "expects," "intends," "may," "plans," "pursue," "views" and similar terms or expressions. We caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, estimates and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

There are or will be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, the following:

•potential recession in the United States and our market areas;

•the impacts related to or resulting from bank failures and any continuation of uncertainty in the banking industry, including the associated impact to the Company and other financial institutions of any regulatory changes or other mitigation efforts taken by government agencies in response thereto;

•increased competition for deposits and related changes in deposit customer behavior;

•failure of risk management controls and procedures;

•the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses;

•risk specific to commercial loans and borrowers;

•changes in the business cycle and downturns in the local, regional, or national economies, including changes in consumer spending and deterioration in the local real estate market, could negatively impact credit and/or asset quality and result in credit losses and increases in the Company's allowance for credit losses;

•declines in commercial real estate values and prices;

•the persistence of the current inflationary pressures, or the resurgence of elevated levels of inflation, in the United States and our market areas, and its impact on market interest rates, the economy and credit quality;

•increases in unemployment rates in the United States and our market areas;

•deterioration of capital markets, which could adversely affect the value or credit quality of the Company's assets and the availability of funding sources necessary to meet the Company's liquidity needs;

•changes in market interest rates could negatively impact the pricing of our loans and deposits and decrease our net interest income or net interest margin;

•increases in market interest rates could negatively impact bond market values and result in a lower net book value;

•our ability to successfully manage the current rising market interest-rate environment, our credit risk and the level of future non-performing assets and charge-offs;

•potential decreases or growth of assets, deposits, future non-interest expenditures and non-interest income;

•inability to maintain adequate liquidity;

•the inability to raise the necessary capital to fund our operations or to meet minimum regulatory capital levels would restrict our business and operations;

33

•material decreases in the amount of deposits we hold, or a failure to grow our deposit base as necessary to help fund our growth and operations;

•our ability to keep pace with technological change or difficulties when implementing new technologies;

•technology-related risk, including technological changes and technology service interruptions or failure could adversely impact the Company's operations and increase technology-related expenditures;

•cybersecurity risk, including cyber incidents or other failures, disruptions or security breaches of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of our third-party vendors or other service providers, including as a result of cyber-attacks;

•increasing competition from larger regional and out-of-state banking organizations as well as non-bank providers of various financial services could adversely affect the Company's competitive position within its market area and reduce demand for the Company's products and services;

•our ability to retain and increase our aggregate assets under management;

•our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities, including the receipt of required regulatory approvals;

•damage to our reputation in the markets we serve;

•risks associated with fraudulent, negligent, or other acts by our customers, employees or vendors;

•exposure to legal claims and litigation;

•our ability to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting;

•inability to attract, hire and retain qualified management personnel;

•recent and future changes in laws and regulations that apply to the Company's business and operations, and any additional regulations, or repeals that may be forthcoming as a result thereof, which could cause the Company to incur additional costs and adversely affect the Company's business environment, operations and financial results;

•future regulatory compliance costs, including any increase caused by new regulations imposed by the government;

•our ability to navigate the uncertain impacts of quantitative tightening and current and future governmental monetary and fiscal policies, including the current and future policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "Federal Reserve Board");

•changes in tariffs and trade barriers;

•uncertainty regarding United States fiscal debt and budget matters;

•severe weather, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, geopolitical instability or other external events;

•our ability to comply with supervisory actions by federal and state banking agencies;

•changes in the scope and cost of FDIC insurance and other coverage;

•changes in accounting and/or auditing standards, policies and practices, as may be adopted or established by the regulatory agencies, FASB, or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board could negatively impact the Company's financial results; and

•systemic risks associated with the soundness of other financial institutions.

The Company cautions readers that the forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q reflect numerous assumptions that management believes to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and beyond the Company's control. Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause the Company's actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statement. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and readers should not place undue reliance on such forward-looking information and statements. Any forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q are based on information available to the Company as of the date of this Form 10-Q, and the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or otherwise revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

34

Overview

Executive Summary

The Company operates with a long-term outlook, focused on organic growth supported by continually investing in our people, products, services, technology and branches.

Key Financial Highlights

Key financial results at or for the quarter ended June 30, 2024 compared to March 31, 2024 were as follows:

•The returns on average assets and average equity were 0.82% and 11.55%, respectively.

•Net interest margin (non-GAAP) was 3.19%, a decrease of 1 basis point.

•Net interest income increased 2.8%.

•Total loans and total deposits increased 3.1% and 3.5%, respectively.

•Wealth assets under management and administration amounted to $1.40 billion, an increase of 1.7%.

Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2024, amounted to $9.5 million, or $0.77 per diluted common share, compared to $9.7 million, or $0.79 per diluted common share, for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in net income of $172 thousand was attributable primarily to a decrease in net interest income of $1.9 million and an increase in non-interest expense of $3.4 million, partially offset by a decrease in the provision for credit losses of $2.1 million and an increase in non-interest income of $2.8 million.

Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2024, amounted to $18.0 million, or $1.46 per diluted common share, compared to $20.5 million, or $1.67 per diluted common share, for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in net income of $2.4 million was attributable primarily to a decrease in net interest income of $6.7 million and an increase in non-interest expense of $4.3 million, partially offset by a decrease in the provision for credit losses of $4.2 million and an increase in non-interest income of $3.5 million.

Total assets amounted to $4.77 billion at June 30, 2024, compared to $4.47 billion at December 31, 2023, an increase of $307.6 million, or 7%. The increase was due primarily to an increase in total loans of $201.0 million, or 6%, with growth primarily in commercial real estate loans. In addition, there was an increase in interest-earning deposits with banks of $132.2 million due primarily to deposit growth and, to a lesser extent, investment cash flows and an increase in borrowed funds during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Credit quality remained well-managed at June 30, 2024 with the non-performing loan to total loan ratio amounting to 0.47% compared to 0.32% at December 31, 2023. The increase in non-performing loans resulted primarily from one individually evaluated commercial construction loan which was placed on non-accrual in the first quarter of 2024. The ACL for loans to total loans ratio was 1.65% at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Total deposits amounted to $4.25 billion at June 30, 2024, an increase of $271.3 million, or 7%, compared to December 31, 2023, due primarily to increases in money market and certificate of deposit balances of $101.6 million and $98.0 million, respectively.

Shareholders' equity increased $11.3 million, or 3%, during the six months ended June 30, 2024, due primarily to an increase in retained earnings of $12.1 million, partially offset by an increase in the accumulated other comprehensive loss of $2.5 million.

35

Selected Financial Data and Ratios

The following table sets forth selected financial data and ratios for the Company at or for the three-month periods indicated:

	At or for the three months ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	June 30, 2024			March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023			September 30, 2023			June 30, 2023
Balance Sheet Data
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	199,719		$	147,834		$	56,592		$	225,421		$	258,825
Total investment securities at fair value	636,838			652,026			668,171			678,932			712,851
Total loans	3,768,649			3,654,322			3,567,631			3,404,014			3,345,667
Allowance for credit losses	(61,999)			(60,741)			(58,995)			(57,905)			(56,899)
Total assets	4,773,681			4,624,015			4,466,034			4,482,374			4,502,344
Total deposits	4,248,801			4,106,119			3,977,521			4,060,403			4,075,598
Borrowed funds	61,785			63,246			25,768			4,290			3,334
Subordinated debt	59,657			59,577			59,498			59,419			59,340
Total shareholders' equity	340,441			333,439			329,117			299,699			307,490
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	4,773,681			4,624,015			4,466,034			4,482,374			4,502,344
Wealth Management
Wealth assets under management	$	1,129,147		$	1,105,036		$	1,077,761		$	984,647		$	1,009,386
Wealth assets under administration	$	267,529		$	268,074		$	242,338		$	211,046		$	214,116
Shareholders' Equity Ratios
Book value per common share	$	27.40		$	26.94		$	26.82		$	24.45		$	25.11
Dividends paid per common share	$	0.24		$	0.24		$	0.23		$	0.23		$	0.23
Regulatory Capital Ratios
Total capital to risk-weighted assets	13.07		%	13.20		%	13.12		%	13.45		%	13.37		%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets(1)	10.34		%	10.43		%	10.34		%	10.61		%	10.52		%
Tier 1 capital to average assets	8.76		%	8.85		%	8.74		%	8.59		%	8.62		%
Credit Quality Data
Non-performing loans	$	17,731		$	18,527		$	11,414		$	11,656		$	7,647
Non-performing loans to total loans	0.47		%	0.51		%	0.32		%	0.34		%	0.23		%
Non-performing assets to total assets(2)	0.37		%	0.40		%	0.26		%	0.26		%	0.17		%
ACL for loans to total loans	1.65		%	1.66		%	1.65		%	1.70		%	1.70		%
Net (recoveries) charge-offs	$	(130)		$	122		$	15		$	(12)		$	146
Income Statement Data
Net interest income	$	36,161		$	35,190		$	36,518		$	38,502		$	38,093
Provision for credit losses	137			622			2,493			1,752			2,268
Total non-interest income	5,628			5,495			5,547			4,486			2,819
Total non-interest expense	29,029			28,908			28,224			28,312			25,623
Income before income taxes	12,623			11,155			11,348			12,924			13,021
Provision for income taxes	3,111			2,648			3,441			3,225			3,337
Net income	$	9,512		$	8,507		$	7,907		$	9,699		$	9,684
Income Statement Ratios
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.77		$	0.69		$	0.64		$	0.79		$	0.79
Return on average total assets	0.82		%	0.75		%	0.69		%	0.85		%	0.88		%
Return on average shareholders' equity	11.55		%	10.47		%	10.21		%	12.53		%	12.63		%
Net interest margin (tax-equivalent)(3)	3.19		%	3.20		%	3.29		%	3.46		%	3.55		%

_______________________________________________________

(1)Ratio also represents common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets as of the periods presented.

(2)The Company had no OREO as of the periods presented, and therefore, non-performing loans were the only component of non-performing assets.

(3)Tax-equivalent net interest margin (non-GAAP) is net interest income adjusted for the tax-equivalent effect associated with tax-exempt loan and investment income, expressed as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.

36

Risk Management Framework

Management utilizes a comprehensive enterprise risk management framework that enables a coordinated and structured approach for identifying, assessing and managing risks across the Company and provides reasonable assurance that management has the tools, programs, people and processes in place to support informed decision making, anticipate risks before they materialize and maintain the Company's risk profile consistent with its strategic planning, and applicable laws and regulations.

See Part I, Item 1, "Business," under the "Risk Management Framework," of the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, for additional information on the Company's key risk mitigation strategies, and Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors," and Item 1C, "Cybersecurity," sections of the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K for numerous factors that could adversely affect the Company's future results of operations and financial condition, and its reputation and business model.

Accounting Policies/Critical Accounting Estimates

As discussed in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in this Form 10-Q, the most significant areas in which management applies critical assumptions and estimates are: the ACL for loans and available-for-sale securities, the reserve for unfunded commitments and the impairment review of goodwill.

The Company has not materially changed its significant accounting and reporting policies from those disclosed in the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1, Item (b), "Recent Accounting Pronouncements," to the Company's unaudited consolidated interim financial statements in this Form 10-Q for information regarding recent accounting pronouncements.

Results of Operations for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023

Unless otherwise indicated, the reported results are for the three months ended June 30, 2024, with references to the "prior year period" and "comparable period" being the three months ended June 30, 2023. Average yields are presented on an annualized tax-equivalent basis (non-GAAP).

Net Income

Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2024, amounted to $9.5 million, a decrease of $172 thousand, or 2%.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income amounted to $36.2 million, a decrease of $1.9 million, or 5%. The decrease was due primarily to an increase in deposit interest expense of $9.5 million and a decrease in interest and dividend income on investments of $1.0 million, partially offset by an increase in loan interest income of $9.4 million. The increase in interest expense during the period was attributed primarily to an increase in the cost of funds and changes in deposit mix, while the increase in interest income during the period was due primarily to loan growth and higher market interest rates.

Net Interest Margin

Net interest margin was 3.19% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to 3.55%.

Net interest margin compared to the prior year quarter was impacted by the following factors:

•Average other interest-earning assets decreased $32.0 million, or 21%, while the yield increased 58 basis points.

•Average investment securities decreased $167.1 million, or 18%, and the tax-equivalent yield decreased 10 basis points.

•Average total loans increased $439.9 million, or 13%, and the tax-equivalent yield increased 43 basis points.

•Average total deposits increased $152.7 million, and the yield increased 88 basis points.

•Average borrowed funds increased $57.9 million, and the yield increased 169 basis points.

37

The decrease in net interest margin over the respective periods was due primarily to an increase in funding costs, partially offset by increases in loan and other interest-earning asset yields in addition to loan growth. Funding costs were impacted primarily by elevated market interest rates, increased competition for deposits and changes in deposit mix as depositors sought higher yielding money market and certificate of deposit products. Loan yields increased from loans originating and repricing at higher market rates.

Interest-rate risk is reviewed in detail in Item 3, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," below.

Rate / Volume Analysis

The following table sets forth, on a tax-equivalent basis, the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in the average balances of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities have affected interest income and expense during the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to June 30, 2023. For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided on changes attributable to: (1) volume (change in average portfolio balance multiplied by prior period average rate); and (2) interest-rate (change in average interest-rate multiplied by prior period average balance). Changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately based on absolute value to the changes due to volume and the changes due to rate.

			Increase (decrease) due to
(Dollars in thousands)	Net Change		Volume		Rate
Interest income
Other interest-earning assets(1)	$	(220)	$	(426)	$	206
Investment securities (tax-equivalent)	(1,132)		(912)		(220)
Loans and loans held for sale (tax-equivalent)	9,436		5,813		3,623
Total interest-earning assets (tax-equivalent)	8,084		4,475		3,609
Interest expense
Interest checking, savings and money market	5,501		490		5,011
CDs	3,979		1,894		2,085
Borrowed funds	634		603		31
Subordinated debt	—		5		(5)
Total interest-bearing funding	10,114		2,992		7,122
Change in net interest income (tax-equivalent)	$	(2,030)	$	1,483	$	(3,513)

__________________________________________

(1)Income on other interest-earning assets includes interest on deposits and fed funds sold, and dividends on FHLB stock.

38

The following table presents the Company's average balance sheet, net interest income and average rates for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023:

AVERAGE BALANCES, INTEREST AND AVERAGE YIELDS

	Three months ended June 30, 2024						Three months ended June 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest(1)		Average Yield(1)		Average Balance		Interest(1)		Average Yield(1)
Assets:
Other interest-earning assets(2)	$	123,887	$	1,697	5.51	%	$	155,934	$	1,917	4.93	%
Investment securities(3) (tax-equivalent)	750,822		4,057		2.16	%	917,965		5,189		2.26	%
Loans and loans held for sale(4) (tax-equivalent)	3,708,485		51,366		5.57	%	3,268,586		41,930		5.14	%
Total interest-earnings assets (tax-equivalent)	4,583,194		57,120		5.01	%	4,342,485		49,036		4.53	%
Other assets	96,991						92,909
Total assets	$	4,680,185					$	4,435,394
Liabilities and stockholders' equity:
Non-interest checking	$	1,054,932	$	—			$	1,269,339	$	—
Interest checking, savings and money market	2,510,155		12,381		1.98	%	2,351,011		6,880		1.17	%
CDs	601,339		6,791		4.54	%	393,387		2,812		2.87	%
Total deposits	4,166,426		19,172		1.85	%	4,013,737		9,692		0.97	%
Borrowed funds	62,513		664		4.27	%	4,595		30		2.58	%
Subordinated debt(5)	59,609		867		5.82	%	59,293		867		5.85	%
Total funding liabilities	4,288,548		20,703		1.94	%	4,077,625		10,589		1.04	%
Other liabilities	60,270						50,113
Total liabilities	4,348,818						4,127,738
Stockholders' equity	331,367						307,656
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	4,680,185					$	4,435,394
Net interest-rate spread (tax-equivalent)					3.07	%					3.49	%
Net interest income (tax-equivalent)			36,417						38,447
Net interest margin (tax-equivalent)					3.19	%					3.55	%
Less tax-equivalent adjustment			256						354
Net interest income			$	36,161					$	38,093
Net interest margin					3.17	%					3.52	%

________________________________________

(1)Average yields and interest income are presented on a tax-equivalent basis, calculated using a U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% in both 2024 and 2023, based on tax-equivalent adjustments associated with tax exempt loans and investments interest income.

(2)Average other interest-earning assets include interest-earning deposits with banks, federal funds sold and FHLB stock.

(3)Average investments securities are presented at average amortized cost.

(4)Average loans and loans held for sale are presented at amortized cost and include non-accrual loans.

(5)The subordinated debt is net of average deferred debt issuance costs.

39

Provision for Credit Losses

The provision for credit losses for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 are presented below:

	Three months ended				Increase / (Decrease)
(Dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2024		June 30, 2023
Provision for credit losses on loans - collectively evaluated	$	(230)	$	2,210	$	(2,440)
Provision for credit losses on loans - individually evaluated	1,358		(167)		1,525
Provision for credit losses on loans	1,128		2,043		(915)
Provision for unfunded commitments	(991)		225		(1,216)
Provision for credit losses	$	137	$	2,268	$	(2,131)

The decrease in the provision for credit losses on loans of $915 thousand was due primarily to the impact of a reduction in recession risk within our ACL model, partially offset by an increase in reserves on individually evaluated loans. The decrease in the provision for unfunded commitments of $1.2 million was driven primarily by a reduction in off-balance sheet commitments during the period.

The ACL to total loans ratio was 1.65% at June 30, 2024 compared to 1.70% at June 30, 2023.

Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2024, amounted to $5.6 million, an increase of $2.8 million. Non-interest income in the prior year period included losses on sales of debt securities of $2.4 million. Excluding this item, non-interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2024 increased 7% due primarily to increases in wealth management fees and income on bank-owned life insurance.

Non-Interest Expense

Non-interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2024, amounted to $29.0 million, an increase of $3.4 million, or 13%. Non-interest expense in the prior year period was impacted by the receipt of $3.4 million in Employee Retention Credits which the Company recognized as a reduction to salary and benefits expense. Excluding this item, non-interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased $25 thousand.

Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2024, was 24.6%, compared to 25.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Results of Operations for the six months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023

Unless otherwise indicated, the reported results are for the six months ended June 30, 2024, with references to the "prior year period," and "comparable period" being the six months ended June 30, 2023. Average yields are presented on an annualized tax-equivalent basis (non-GAAP).

Net Income

Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2024, amounted to $18.0 million, a decrease of $2.4 million, or 12%.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2024, amounted to $71.4 million, a decrease of $6.7 million, or 9%. The decrease was due largely to an increase in deposit interest expense of $20.8 million and a decrease in interest and dividend income on investments of $2.1 million, partially offset by an increase in loan interest income of $18.7 million. The increase in interest expense during the period was attributed primarily to an increase in the cost of funds and changes in deposit mix, while the increase in interest income during the period was due primarily to loan growth and higher market interest rates.

40

Net Interest Margin

Net interest margin was 3.19% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to 3.65%.

Net interest margin compared to the prior year period was impacted by the following factors:

•Average other interest-earning assets decreased $72.2 million, or 41%, while the yield increased 81 basis points.

•Average investment securities decreased $170.4 million, or 18%, and the tax-equivalent yield decreased 9 basis points.

•Average total loans increased $423.4 million, or 13%, and the tax-equivalent yield increased 43 basis points.

•Average total deposits increased $90.0 million, or 2%, and the yield increased 100 basis points.

•Average borrowed funds increased $59.2 million, and the yield increased 216 basis points.

The decrease in net interest margin over the respective periods was due primarily to an increase in funding costs, partially offset by increases in loan yields in addition to loan growth. Funding costs were impacted primarily by elevated market interest rates, increased competition for deposits and changes in deposit mix as depositors sought higher yielding money market and certificate of deposit products. Loan yields increased from loans originating and repricing at higher market rates.

Interest-rate risk is reviewed in detail in Item 3, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk," below.

Rate / Volume Analysis

The following table sets forth, on a tax-equivalent basis, the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in the average balances of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities have affected interest income and expense during the six months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2023. For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided on changes attributable to: (i) volume (change in average portfolio balance multiplied by prior year average rate); and (ii) interest rate (change in average interest rate multiplied by prior year average balance). Changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately based on absolute value to the changes due to volume and the changes due to rate.

			Increase (decrease) due to
(Dollars in thousands)	Net Change		Volume		Rate
Interest income
Other interest-earning assets(1)	$	(1,256)	$	(1,885)	$	629
Investment securities (tax-equivalent)	(2,275)		(1,871)		(404)
Loans and loans held for sale (tax-equivalent)	18,717		11,202		7,515
Total interest-earning assets (tax-equivalent)	15,186		7,446		7,740
Interest expense
Interest checking, savings and money market	12,752		544		12,208
CDs	8,013		3,569		4,444
Borrowed funds	1,316		1,235		81
Subordinated debt	—		9		(9)
Total interest-bearing funding	22,081		5,357		16,724
Change in net interest income (tax-equivalent)	$	(6,895)	$	2,089	$	(8,984)

__________________________________________

(1)Income on other interest-earning assets includes interest on deposits with banks, federal funds sold, and dividends on FHLB stock.

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The following table presents the Company's average balance sheet, net interest income and average rates for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023: 

AVERAGE BALANCES, INTEREST AND AVERAGE YIELDS

	Six months ended June 30, 2024						Six months ended June 30, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest(1)		Average Yield(1)		Average Balance		Interest(1)		Average Yield(1)
Assets:
Other interest-earning assets(2)	$	104,982	$	2,869	5.50	%	$	177,219	$	4,125	4.69	%
Investment securities(3) (tax-equivalent)	757,257		8,214		2.17	%	927,620		10,489		2.26	%
Loans and loans held for sale(4) (tax-equivalent)	3,658,321		100,326		5.51	%	3,234,901		81,609		5.08	%
Total interest-earnings assets (tax-equivalent)	4,520,560		111,409		4.95	%	4,339,740		96,223		4.47	%
Other assets	94,393						89,762
Total assets	$	4,614,953					$	4,429,502
Liabilities and stockholders' equity:
Non-interest checking	$	1,062,038	$	—			$	1,293,303	$	—
Interest checking, savings and money market	2,464,551		23,737		1.94	%	2,352,978		10,985		0.94	%
CDs	575,218		12,707		4.44	%	365,529		4,694		2.59	%
Total deposits	4,101,807		36,444		1.79	%	4,011,810		15,679		0.79	%
Borrowed funds	63,070		1,358		4.33	%	3,904		42		2.17	%
Subordinated debt(5)	59,570		1,734		5.82	%	59,253		1,734		5.85	%
Total funding liabilities	4,224,447		39,536		1.88	%	4,074,967		17,455		0.86	%
Other liabilities	61,385						51,880
Total liabilities	4,285,832						4,126,847
Stockholders' equity	329,121						302,655
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	4,614,953					$	4,429,502
Net interest-rate spread (tax-equivalent)					3.07	%					3.61	%
Net interest income (tax-equivalent)			71,873						78,768
Net interest margin (tax-equivalent)					3.19	%					3.65	%
Less tax-equivalent adjustment			522						704
Net interest income			$	71,351					$	78,064
Net interest margin					3.17	%					3.62	%

_______________________________________

(1)Average yields and interest income are presented on a tax-equivalent basis, calculated using a U.S. federal income tax rate of 21% in both 2024 and 2023, based on tax-equivalent adjustments associated with tax exempt loans and investments interest income.

(2)Average other interest-earning assets include interest-earning deposits with banks, federal funds sold and FHLB stock.

(3)Average investments securities are presented at average amortized cost.

(4)Average loans and loans held for sale are presented at amortized cost and include non-accrual loans.

(5)The subordinated debt is net of average deferred debt issuance costs.

42

Provision for Credit Losses

The provision for credit losses for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023 are presented below:

	Six months ended				Increase / (Decrease)
(Dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2024		June 30, 2023
Provision for credit losses on loans - collectively evaluated	$	187	$	4,570	$	(4,383)
Provision for credit losses on loans - individually evaluated	2,809		(209)		3,018
Provision for credit losses on loans	2,996		4,361		(1,365)
Provision for unfunded commitments	(2,237)		643		(2,880)
Provision for credit losses	$	759	$	5,004	$	(4,245)

The decrease in the provision for credit losses on loans of $1.4 million was due primarily to the impact of a reduction in recession risk within our ACL model, partially offset by an increase in reserves on individually evaluated loans. The decrease in the provision for unfunded commitment of $2.9 million was driven primarily by a reduction in off-balance sheet commitments during the period.

The ACL to total loans ratio was 1.65% at June 30, 2024 compared to 1.70% at June 30, 2023.

Non-Interest Income

Non-interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2024, amounted to $11.1 million, an increase of $3.5 million, or 47%. Non-interest income in the prior year period included losses on sales of debt securities of $2.4 million. Excluding this item, non-interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2024 increased 11% due primarily to increases in net gains on equity securities, wealth management fees and income on bank-owned life insurance.

Non-Interest Expense

Non-interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024, amounted to $57.9 million, an increase of $4.3 million, or 8%. Non-interest expense in the prior year period was impacted by the receipt of $3.6 million in Employee Retention Credits which the Company recognized as a reduction to salary and benefits expense. Excluding this item, non-interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2024 increased 1%.

Income Taxes

The effective tax rate was 24.2% for both of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023.

Financial Condition at June 30, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023

Total assets amounted to $4.77 billion at June 30, 2024, compared to $4.47 billion at December 31, 2023, representing an increase of $307.6 million, or 7%.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents amounted to $199.7 million at June 30, 2024, compared to $56.6 million at December 31, 2023, representing an increase of $143.1 million. The increase was due primarily to increases in deposits and proceeds from borrowed funds, partially offset by loan growth. At June 30, 2024, cash and cash equivalents amounted to 4% of total assets compared to 1% at December 31, 2023.

Investments

At June 30, 2024, the fair value of the Company's investment securities portfolio amounted to $636.8 million, a decrease of $31.3 million, or 5% since December 31, 2023. The investment securities portfolio at fair value represented 13% and 15% of total assets at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The decrease was attributable primarily to principal pay downs, calls and maturities during the six months ended June 30, 2024, the proceeds of which were used to fund loan growth. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company's investment securities portfolio was comprised primarily of debt securities, classified as available-for-sale, with a small portion of the portfolio invested in equity securities.

43

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company had no purchases or sales of debt securities and had principal pay-downs, calls and maturities totaling $29.1 million.

Net unrealized losses on the Company's debt securities portfolio amounted to $106.2 million at June 30, 2024, compared to $102.9 million at December 31, 2023.

The mix of investment securities remained relatively unchanged at June 30, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023. The effective duration of the debt securities portfolio at June 30, 2024 was approximately 4.9 years compared to 5.1 years at December 31, 2023.

Loans

The Company specializes in lending to business entities, non-profit organizations, professional practices and individuals and manages its loan portfolio to avoid concentration by industry, relationship size and source of repayment to lessen its credit risk exposure. The Company's primary market area remains focused within Massachusetts and New Hampshire and its primary lending focus is on the development of high-quality, long-term commercial relationships achieved through active business development efforts, strong community involvement and focused marketing strategies.

As of June 30, 2024, total loans amounted to $3.77 billion, an increase of $201.0 million, or 6%. At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, total commercial loans amounted to 86% of total loans.

The following table sets forth the loan balances by loan portfolio segment and the percentage of each segment to total loans as of the dates indicated:

	June 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
Commercial real estate owner-occupied	$	660,478	18	%	$	619,302	17	%
Commercial real estate non owner-occupied	1,544,386		41	%	1,445,435		41	%
Commercial and industrial	426,976		11	%	430,749		12	%
Commercial construction	622,094		16	%	585,113		16	%
Total commercial loans	3,253,934		86	%	3,080,599		86	%
Residential mortgages	413,323		11	%	393,142		11	%
Home equity	93,220		3	%	85,375		3	%
Consumer	8,172		—	%	8,515		—	%
Total retail loans	514,715		14	%	487,032		14	%
Total loans	3,768,649		100	%	3,567,631		100	%
Allowance for credit losses	(61,999)				(58,995)
Net loans	$	3,706,650			$	3,508,636

As of or for the six months ended June 30, 2024:

•Commercial real estate owner-occupied loans increased $41.2 million, or 7%.

•Commercial real estate non owner-occupied loans increased $99.0 million, or 7%.

•The composition of owner and non-owner occupied loans within the commercial real estate segment has remained relatively consistent compared to December 31, 2023. Commercial real estate loans collectively make up 59% of the total loan portfolio and were comprised of approximately 30% in owner occupied loans and 70% in non-owner occupied loans. Growth since the prior period was primarily from continued customer demand and business development efforts.

◦Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans were comprised of approximately 28% multi-family, 16% 1-4 family, 12% office, 11% retail and 10% in industrial warehouse. All other categories fell below 10% of total non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans.

◦Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans secured by office buildings amounted to 5% of total loans and were located mainly in suburban areas and were modest in physical size.

44

◦Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans secured by retail amounted to 5% of total loans and consisted primarily of local strip-mall plazas and not large shopping centers or mall complexes.

•Commercial and industrial loans decreased $3.8 million, or 1%.

•Commercial construction loans increased $37.0 million, or 6%, due to continued growth driven primarily by residential development projects to meet the strong demand in our market area, partially offset by the transfer of construction loans to the permanent commercial real estate segment.

◦The composition of the commercial construction segment has remained relatively consistent compared to December 31, 2023.

◦Commercial construction loans were comprised of approximately 26% multi-family, 19% residential condominiums, 14% land approved for development and 13% single residential lots. All other collateral categories fell below 10% of total commercial construction loans.

At June 30, 2024, commercial loan balances participated out to various banks amounted to $73.0 million, compared to $69.8 million at December 31, 2023. These commercial loan balances participated out to other institutions are not carried as assets on the Company's financial statements. Commercial loans originated by other banks in which the Company is a participating institution are carried at the pro-rata share of ownership and amounted to $148.1 million and $126.6 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Asset Quality

The following table sets forth information regarding the Company's loan portfolio asset quality as of the dates indicated:

(Dollars in thousands)	June 30, 2024			December 31, 2023
Non-performing loan summary:
Commercial real estate owner-occupied	$	2,376		$	2,683
Commercial real estate non owner-occupied	2,432			2,686
Commercial and industrial	3,703			4,262
Commercial construction	7,906			—
Residential mortgages	1,249			1,526
Home equity	65			257
Consumer	—			—
Total non-performing loans	$	17,731		$	11,414
Performing adversely classified loans	$	31,417		$	45,266
Total adversely classified loans	$	49,079		$	56,650
Total loans	$	3,768,649		$	3,567,631
Loans 60-89 days past due and still accruing to total loans	0.02		%	—		%
Non-performing loans to total loans	0.47		%	0.32		%
Non-performing assets to total assets	0.37		%	0.26		%
Allowance for credit losses for loans	$	61,999		$	58,995
Allowance for credit losses for loans to non-performing loans	349.66		%	516.87		%
Allowance for credit losses for loans to total loans	1.65		%	1.65		%

Non-performing loans that were not adversely classified amounted to $69 thousand and $30 thousand at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and represented the guaranteed portion of SBA loans.

The increase in non-performing loans from December 31, 2023 to June 30, 2024 was attributable primarily to one individually evaluated commercial construction relationship, which was downgraded and placed on non-accrual in the first quarter of 2024, and had an outstanding balance of $7.9 million and a specific reserve of $2.6 million at June 30, 2024. The project, which was approximately 50% completed by the original borrower, is expected to be completed over the next 6-12 months by an existing partner taking over as lead.

45

Total adversely classified loans decreased $7.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and amounted to $49.1 million, or 1.30%, of total loans at June 30, 2024, compared to $56.7 million, or 1.59% of total loans, at December 31, 2023. The decrease in classified loans was due primarily to credit upgrades and, to a lesser extent, payoffs and pay downs during the period.

The Company had no OREO at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and therefore non-performing loans were the only component of non-performing assets.

ACL for Loans

There have been no material changes to the Company's ACL for loans methodology, underwriting practices, or credit risk management system used to estimate credit loss exposure as described in the 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The estimate of credit loss incorporates management judgements and assumptions including the estimated life of the loans, adjustments for current conditions and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts. Management periodically reviews and updates its assumptions based on changing circumstances.

ACL for loans activity

The following table summarizes the activity in the ACL for loans for the periods indicated: 

	Six months ended June 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024			2023
Balance at beginning of year	$	58,995		$	52,640
Provision for credit losses for loans	2,996			4,361
Recoveries of charged-off loans:
Commercial real estate owner-occupied	—			—
Commercial real estate non owner-occupied	—			—
Commercial and industrial	233			211
Commercial construction	—			—
Residential mortgages	—			—
Home equity	4			5
Consumer	10			6
Total recovered	247			222
Charged-off loans:
Commercial real estate owner-occupied	—			—
Commercial real estate non owner-occupied	—			—
Commercial and industrial	211			303
Commercial construction	—			—
Residential mortgages	—			—
Home equity	—			—
Consumer	28			21
Total charged-off	239			324
Net loans (recovered) charged-off	(8)			102
Ending balance	$	61,999		$	56,899
Annualized net loans (recovered) charged-off to average loans outstanding	—		%	0.01		%

Reserve for unfunded commitments

The reserve for unfunded commitments is classified within "Other liabilities" on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The estimate of credit loss incorporates the same loss factors as on-balance sheet loans with added assumptions for both the likelihood and amount of funding over the estimated life of non-cancellable commitments.

46

The Company's reserve for unfunded commitments amounted to $4.9 million as of June 30, 2024 and $7.1 million at December 31, 2023. The provision for unfunded commitments for the six months ended June 30, 2024 amounted to a benefit of $2.2 million compared to a provision of $643 thousand for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The decreases in the reserve and provision for unfunded commitments resulted primarily from a decrease in the Company's off-balance sheet commercial construction commitments during the six months ended June 30, 2024.

Based on the foregoing, management believes that the Company's ACL for loans and reserve for unfunded commitments is adequate as of June 30, 2024.

Deposits

As of June 30, 2024, total deposits amounted to $4.25 billion, an increase of $271.3 million, or 7%. The increase was driven primarily by increases in money market account balances of $101.6 million, or 7%, and CD account balances of $98.0 million, or 19%, as customers sought higher yielding deposit products.

The following table sets forth the deposit balances by certain categories and the percentage of each category to total deposits as of the dates indicated:

	June 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
Checking	$	1,839,698	44	%	$	1,767,736	45	%
Money markets and savings	1,790,012		41	%	1,688,709		42	%
CDs	619,091		15	%	521,076		13	%
Deposits	$	4,248,801	100	%	$	3,977,521	100	%

Total customer deposits include reciprocal balances from checking, money market deposits and CDs received from participating banks in nationwide deposit networks as a result of our customers electing to participate in Company offered programs which allow for third-party enhanced FDIC insurance. Under this enhanced deposit insurance program, the equivalent of the customers' original deposited funds are reciprocated back through the network to the Company and are carried within the appropriate category under deposits. The Company's balances in these reciprocal enhanced insurance products were $933.1 million and $835.0 million, at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The increase in balance reflects primarily an increase in customer demand for enhanced insurance products.

As of June 30, 2024, uninsured deposits amounted to 34% of total deposits. Additional capacity to utilize enhanced FDIC insured products noted in the preceding paragraph exceeds the Company's total deposits balance at June 30, 2024.

Borrowed Funds

The Company had borrowed funds outstanding of $61.8 million at June 30, 2024, compared to $25.8 million at December 31, 2023. Borrowings at June 30, 2024 were primarily comprised of $53.4 million in advances from the FRB's BTFP. The remaining balance consisted of term advances related to specific lending projects funded under community development programs through the FHLB and NH BFA.

See also "Liquidity," below, for additional information on borrowing capacity.

Subordinated Debt

The Company had outstanding subordinated debt, net of deferred issuance costs, of $59.7 million at June 30, 2024, compared to $59.5 million at December 31, 2023.

See also Note 7, "Borrowed Funds and Subordinated Debt," to the Company's unaudited consolidated interim financial statements contained in Item 1 in this Form 10-Q, above, for further information regarding the Company's subordinated debt.

Shareholders' Equity

Total shareholders' equity amounted to $340.4 million at June 30, 2024, compared to $329.1 million at December 31, 2023, an increase of $11.3 million, or 3%. The increase was due primarily to an increase in retained earnings of $12.1 million, partially offset by an increase in the accumulated other comprehensive loss of $2.5 million.

47

For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company declared cash dividends of $3.0 million and shareholders utilized the dividend reinvestment portion of the Company's dividend reinvestment and direct stock purchase plan to purchase aggregate shares of the Company's common stock amounting to 16,500 shares totaling $408 thousand.

On July 16, 2024, the Company announced a quarterly dividend of $0.24 per share to be paid on September 3, 2024 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on August 13, 2024.

Derivatives and Hedging

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments

As of June 30, 2024, the Company had three pay fixed, receive float, interest rate swap agreements each of which have a 2-year term. Under these interest rate swap agreements, the Company pays a weighted average fixed interest rate of 4.68% and receives the Secured Overnight Financing Rate. The notional value of interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges amounted to $100.0 million at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The fair value of these interest rate swap agreements, carried on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as an asset, was $145 thousand at June 30, 2024, compared to a liability of $760 thousand at December 31, 2023.

Derivatives not subject to hedge accounting

The notional value of back-to-back interest-rate swaps with customers and counterparties amounted to $7.4 million at June 30, 2024 compared to $7.5 million at December 31, 2023. The fair value of assets and corresponding liabilities associated with these swaps and carried on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets was $757 thousand at June 30, 2024 compared to $630 thousand at December 31, 2023.

Risk Participation Agreements

The notional value of RPAs sold amounted to $46.9 million at both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The fair value of RPAs, carried on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets as a liability, was $37 thousand at June 30, 2024 and $65 thousand at December 31, 2023.

Liquidity

Liquidity is the ability to meet cash needs arising from, among other things, fluctuations in loans, investments, deposits and borrowings. Liquidity management is the coordination of activities so that cash needs are anticipated and met readily and efficiently. The Company's liquidity is maintained by projecting cash needs, balancing maturing assets with maturing liabilities, monitoring various liquidity ratios, monitoring deposit flows, maintaining cash flow within the investment portfolio, and maintaining wholesale funding resources.

At June 30, 2024, the Bank had the capacity to borrow additional funds from the FHLB and FRB of up to approximately $850.0 million and $300.0 million, respectively.

Management believes that the Company has adequate liquidity to meet its obligations. However, if general economic conditions, potential recession in the United States and our market areas, continuation of recent uncertainty in the banking industry, changes in market interest rates, the persistence of the current inflationary environment in the United States and our

market areas, increased competition for deposits and related changes in deposit customer behavior, or other events, cause these sources of external funding to become restricted or are eliminated, the Company may not be able to raise adequate funds or may incur substantially higher funding costs or operating restrictions in order to raise the necessary funds to support the Company's operations and growth.

Capital Resources

The principal cash requirement of the Company is the payment of interest on subordinated debt and the payment of dividends on our common stock. The Company's Board of Directors may approve cash dividends on a quarterly basis after careful analysis and consideration of various factors, including our capital position, economic conditions, growth rates, earnings performance and projections as well as strategic initiatives and related regulatory capital requirements.

The Company's primary source of cash is dividends paid by the Bank, which are limited to the Bank's net income for the current year plus its retained net income for the prior two years.

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The Company's total capital and tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets amounted to 13.07% and 10.34%, respectively, at June 30, 2024, compared to 13.12% and 10.34%, respectively, at December 31, 2023. Tier 1 capital to average assets amounted to 8.76% at June 30, 2024, compared to 8.74% at December 31, 2023.

Wealth Management

Wealth assets under management and wealth assets under administration are not carried as assets on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company provides a wide range of wealth management and wealth services, including investment management, brokerage, annuities, trust, and 401(k) administration.

Wealth assets under management and wealth assets under administration amounted to $1.13 billion and $267.5 million, respectively, at June 30, 2024, representing increases of $51.4 million, or 5%, and $25.2 million, or 10%, respectively, compared to December 31, 2023. The increase in assets under management and administration resulted primarily from an increase in market values.

Item 3 -Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Margin Sensitivity Analysis

Refer to Part II, Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" of the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on the Company's net interest income and net interest margin sensitivity under different interest rate and yield curve scenarios as well as different asset and liability mix scenarios.

The table below summarizes the results at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and compares the percent change in net interest income to the rates unchanged scenario, assuming a static balance sheet for a 24-month period with interest rates ramped over 24 months for non-maturity deposits and 12 months for all other interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

•In the 200 and 400 basis point increasing interest rate scenarios, the percent decrease in net interest income was slightly higher compared to the results at December 31, 2023 due primarily to a shift in deposit composition from non-interest-bearing account balances into interest-bearing account balances that have a higher level of interest rate sensitivity.

•In the 200 basis point decreasing interest rate scenario, net interest income was projected to remain relatively unchanged in the first 24 months compared to a decrease at December 31, 2023 primarily due to a shift in deposit composition from non-interest-bearing account balances into interest-bearing account balances that have a higher level of interest rate sensitivity, which allowed for a higher level of rate declines in the 200 basis point declining rate scenario, and improved net interest income sensitivity results.

(Dollars in thousands, except for percentage data)	June 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Changes in interest rates	Percentage Change		Percentage Change
Rates rise 400 basis points	(3.35)	%	(3.11)	%
Rates rise 200 basis points	(1.82)	%	(1.60)	%
Rates unchanged	—	%	—	%
Rates decline 200 basis points	(0.05)	%	(0.54)	%

The results in the table above are subject to various assumptions as reported in Part II, Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" of the Company's 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Refer to heading "Results of Operations" contained within Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Form 10-Q for further discussion of margin.

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Item 4 -Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in reports that it files or furnishes to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms.

The Company carried out an evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b). Based upon that evaluation, the Company's principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of June 30, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no significant changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company's most recent fiscal quarter (i.e., the three months ended June 30, 2024) that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 -Legal Proceedings

There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company or its subsidiaries are a party or to which any of its property is subject, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business of the Company. Management does not believe resolution of any present litigation will have a material adverse effect on the business, consolidated financial condition or results of operations of the Company.

Item 1A -Risk Factors

Management believes that there have been no material changes in the Company's risk factors as reported in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors," of the 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risks described in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K and our subsequent quarterly reports are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Item 2 -Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table represents information with respect to repurchases of common stock made by the Company during the three months ended June 30, 2024:

	Total number of shares repurchased(1)	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Announced	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
April	1,938	$	24.43	—	—
May	—	—		—	—
June	—	—		—	—

________________________________

(1)Amounts include shares repurchased that were not part of a publicly announced repurchase plan or program. These shares were owned and tendered by employees as payment for taxes upon vesting of restricted stock (net settlement of shares).

Item 3 -Defaults upon Senior Securities

Not Applicable.

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Item 4 -Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5 -Other Information

During the three months ended June 30, 2024, none of the directors or officers of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or a "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

Item 6 -Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX

_____________

Exhibit No.    Description

3.1.1    Amended and Restated Articles of Organization of the Company, as amended as of June 4, 2013 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 10, 2013 (File No. 001-33912).

3.1.2    Articles of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Organization of the Company, as amended as of May 16, 2017 incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 18, 2017 (File No. 001-33912).

3.1.3    Articles of Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Organization of the Company, as amended as of January 5, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 11, 2018 (File No. 001-33912).

3.2    Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as amended as of January 19, 2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 22, 2021 (File No. 001-33912).

10.1    Employment Agreement, dated June 5, 2024, by and among Enterprise Bancorp, Inc., Enterprise Bank and Trust Company, and Steven R. Larochelle, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 7, 2024 (File No. 001-33912).

10.2    Transition Services Agreement, dated June 5, 2024, by and among Enterprise Bancorp, Inc., Enterprise Bank and Trust Company, and John P. Clancy, Jr., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 7, 2024 (File No. 001-33912).

31.1*    Certification of Principal Executive Officer under Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).

31.2*    Certification of Principal Financial Officer under Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a).

32*    Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer under 18 U.S.C. § 1350 Furnished Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b).

101*    The following materials from Enterprise Bancorp, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024 were formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023; and (vi) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements.

104*     The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024 has been formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.

____________________

*Filed herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		ENTERPRISE BANCORP, INC.
DATE:	August 6, 2024	By:	/s/ Joseph R. Lussier
			Joseph R. Lussier
			Executive Vice President, Treasurer
			and Chief Financial Officer

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