GAAP gross margin was 44% in the second quarter of 2019, an increase of 400 basis points compared to 40% in the second quarter of 2018 and a decrease from 45% in the first quarter of 2019. The year-over-year gross margin improvement across both segments mainly reflects the higher proportion of higher-margin software and services revenue in the Premises segment and revenue related to Thursby mobile logical access software, as well as a shift in access card sales towards higher margin credentials.
GAAP operating expenses, including research and development (R&D), sales and marketing (S&M), general and administrative (G&A), and restructuring and severance charges, were $9.1 million in the second quarter of 2019, compared to $9.2 million in the second quarter of 2018 and $9.1 million in the first quarter of 2019, reflecting a year-over-year and sequential decrease of 1%, respectively.
Non-GAAP operating expenses (adjusted to exclude restructuring and severance costs and certainnon-cash charges, such as stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization as well as othernon-GAAP items consisting of acquisition-related transaction costs) for the second quarter of 2019 were $7.8 million, compared to $7.8 million in the second quarter of 2018 and $7.9 million in the first quarter of 2019. Year-over-year and sequentially the results reflect operating and expense leverage with lower general and administrative expenses (G&A) and higher research and development (R&D) and sales and marketing related (S&M) expenses.
GAAP net income attributable to Identiv, Inc. totaled $0.4 million in the second quarter of 2019, compared to a net loss of $(2.7) million in the second quarter of 2018, and a net loss of $(0.8) million in the first quarter of 2019.
GAAP net income attributable to common stockholders per share (EPS) was $0.01 in the second quarter of 2019, compared to a net loss of $(0.18) per share in the second quarter of 2018 and a net loss of $(0.06) per share in the first quarter of 2019. GAAP net income attributable to common stockholders in the first and second quarters of 2019 include the accretion of dividends on the Series B preferred stock, which the Company accrues quarterly beginning 2019.
Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA in the second quarter of 2019 totaled $2.4 million, an increase of approximately 241% compared to $0.7 million in the second quarter of 2018, and $1.2 million in the first quarter of 2019. The year-over-year increase reflects higher revenues as well as higher gross margins and lower operating expenses.
Cash was $11.1 million at June 30, 2019, compared to $17.9 million at June 30, 2018, and $8.9 million at March 31, 2019.
Management Commentary
“The second quarter reflected the realization of many aspects of our strategy,” said Steven Humphreys, Identiv CEO. “Our complete security solution suite is now in place, with our Velocity, Freedom, 3VR, Enterphone, Thursby, RFID, smart card reader, TS Reader, and TS Cards product lines representing the most comprehensive product line from a single vendor in our industry, as far as we are aware. The cross-selling opportunities, higherper-customer value, more strategic customer relationships, and ability to lead the security transformation being demanded by customers are reflected in these results: software and services growth of 47%, gross margin expansion,top-line growth, all with operating expenses down from a year ago and flat sequentially. This demonstrates the leverage in the business model and the long term strategic opportunity we have built.