Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Nature of Business [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Nature of business |
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First BanCorp. is a publicly owned, Puerto Rico-chartered financial holding company that is subject to regulation, supervision, and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”). The Corporation is a full service provider of financial services and products with operations in Puerto Rico, the United States, the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), and the British Virgin Islands (BVI). |
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The Corporation provides a wide range of financial services for retail, commercial, and institutional clients. As of December 31, 2013, the Corporation controlled two wholly owned subsidiaries: FirstBank Puerto Rico (“FirstBank” or the “Bank”), and FirstBank Insurance Agency, Inc. (“FirstBank Insurance Agency”). FirstBank is a Puerto Rico-chartered commercial bank, and FirstBank Insurance Agency is a Puerto Rico-chartered insurance agency. FirstBank is subject to the supervision, examination, and regulation of both the Office of the Commissioner of Financial Institutions of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (“OCIF”) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”). Deposits are insured through the FDIC Deposit Insurance Fund. FirstBank also operates in the state of Florida (USA), subject to regulation and examination by the Florida Office of Financial Regulation and the FDIC, in the USVI, subject to regulation and examination by the United States Virgin Islands Banking Board, and in the BVI, subject to regulation by the British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission. |
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FirstBank Insurance Agency is subject to the supervision, examination, and regulation of the Office of the Insurance Commissioner of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. |
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FirstBank conducts its business through its main office located in San Juan, Puerto Rico, 47 full service banking branches in Puerto Rico, 10 branches in the USVI and BVI, and 10 branches in the state of Florida (USA). FirstBank had 5 wholly owned subsidiaries with operations in Puerto Rico: First Federal Finance Corp. (d/b/a Money Express La Financiera), a finance company specializing in the origination of small loans with 26 offices in Puerto Rico; First Mortgage, Inc. (“First Mortgage”), a residential mortgage loan origination company with 37 offices in FirstBank branches and at stand-alone sites; First Management of Puerto Rico, a domestic corporation, which holds tax-exempt assets; FirstBank Puerto Rico Securities Corp., a broker-dealer subsidiary engaged in municipal bond underwriting and financial advisory services on structured financings, principally provided to government entities in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and FirstBank Overseas Corporation, an international banking entity organized under the International Banking Entity Act of Puerto Rico. FirstBank had one active subsidiary with operations outside of Puerto Rico: First Express, a finance company specializing in the origination of small loans with 2 offices in the USVI. |
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Principles of consolidation [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Principles of consolidation |
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The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Corporation and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. |
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Statutory business trusts that are wholly owned by the Corporation and are issuers of trust-preferred securities, and entities in which the Corporation has a non controlling interest are not consolidated in the Corporation's consolidated financial statements in accordance with authoritative guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) for consolidation of variable interest entities. See “Variable Interest Entities” below for further details regarding the Corporation's accounting policy for these entities. |
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Reclassifications [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Reclassifications |
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For purposes of comparability, certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2013 presentation. These reclassifications include, but are not limited to, the presentation of expenses on outsourcing of technology services that were previously presented as servicing and processing expenses and were reclassified to the professional fees expenses caption, and certain loan fees presented as other service charges that were reclassified as part of other non-interest income. These reclassifications had no impact on previously reported statements of financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. |
Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements |
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The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management has made significant estimates in several areas, including the allowance for loan and lease losses, valuations of investment securities, the fair value of assets acquired including purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loans, valuations of residential mortgage servicing rights, valuations of other real estate owned (OREO) properties, and income taxes. |
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Cash and cash equivalents [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Cash and cash equivalents |
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For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the “New York FED” or “Federal Reserve”) and other depository institutions, and short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less. |
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Investment securities [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Investment securities |
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The Corporation classifies its investments in debt and equity securities into one of four categories: |
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Held-to-maturity — Securities that the entity has the intent and ability to hold to maturity. These securities are carried at amortized cost. The Corporation may not sell or transfer held-to-maturity securities without calling into question its intent to hold other debt securities to maturity, unless a nonrecurring or unusual event that could not have been reasonably anticipated has occurred. During 2011, the Corporation sold $330 million of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) that were originally intended to be held to maturity, consistent with deleveraging initiatives executed to preserve capital and meet minimum regulatory capital ratios required by a Consent Order entered into with the FDIC. After the sale, in line with the Corporation's ongoing capital management strategy, the remaining held-to-maturity securities portfolio was reclassified to the available-for-sale portfolio; thus, as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Corporation did not hold held-to-maturity investment securities. Refer to Note 28 for additional information about agreements entered into with the Corporation's primary regulators. |
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Trading — Securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. These securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses reported in earnings. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Corporation did not hold investment securities for trading purposes. |
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Available-for-sale — Securities not classified as held-to-maturity or trading. These securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses, net of deferred taxes, reported in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) as a separate component of stockholders' equity, and do not affect earnings until they are realized or are deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired. |
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Other equity securities — Equity securities that do not have readily available fair values are classified as other equity securities in the consolidated statements of financial condition. These securities are stated at the lower of cost or realizable value. This category is principally composed of stock that is owned by the Corporation to comply with Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) regulatory requirements. Their realizable value equals their cost. |
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Premiums and discounts on investment securities are amortized as an adjustment to interest income on investments over the life of the related securities under the interest method. Net realized gains and losses and valuation adjustments considered other-than-temporary, if any, related to investment securities are determined using the specific identification method and are reported in noninterest income as net gain (loss) on sale of investments and net impairment losses on debt securities, respectively. Purchases and sales of securities are recognized on a trade-date basis. |
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Evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Evaluation of other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities |
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On a quarterly basis, the Corporation performs an assessment to determine whether there have been any events or economic circumstances indicating that a security with an unrealized loss has suffered OTTI. A security is considered impaired if the fair value is less than its amortized cost basis. |
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The Corporation evaluates whether the impairment is other-than-temporary depending upon whether the portfolio consists of debt securities or equity securities, as further described below. The Corporation employs a systematic methodology that considers all available evidence in evaluating a potential impairment of its investments. |
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The impairment analysis of debt securities places special emphasis on the analysis of the cash position of the issuer and its cash and capital generation capacity, which could increase or diminish the issuer's ability to repay its bond obligations, the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than the amortized cost basis, and changes in the near-term prospects of the underlying collateral, if applicable, such as changes in default rates, loss severity given default, and significant changes in prepayment assumptions. The Corporation also takes into consideration the latest information available about the overall financial condition of an issuer, credit ratings, recent legislation, government actions affecting the issuer's industry, and actions taken by the issuer to deal with the current economic climate. OTTI losses must be recognized in earnings if the Corporation has the intent to sell the debt security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. However, even if the Corporation does not expect to sell a debt security, it must evaluate expected cash flows to be received and determine if a credit loss has occurred. An unrealized loss is generally deemed to be other-than-temporary and a credit loss is deemed to exist if the present value of the expected future cash flows is less than the amortized cost basis of the debt security. The credit loss component of an OTTI, if any, is recorded as net impairment losses on debt securities in the statements of income (loss), while the remaining portion of the impairment loss is recognized in OCI, net of taxes, provided the Corporation does not intend to sell the underlying debt security and it is “more likely than not” that the Corporation will not have to sell the debt security prior to recovery. The previous amortized cost basis less the OTTI recognized in earnings is the new amortized cost basis of the investment. The new amortized cost basis is not adjusted for subsequent recoveries in fair value. However, for debt securities for which OTTI was recognized in earnings, the difference between the new amortized cost basis and the cash flows expected to be collected is accreted as interest income. For further disclosures, refer to Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements. |
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The impairment analysis of equity securities is performed and reviewed on an ongoing basis based on the latest financial information and any supporting research report made by a major brokerage firm. This analysis is very subjective and based, among other things, on relevant financial data such as capitalization, cash flow, liquidity, systematic risk, and debt outstanding of the issuer. Management also considers the issuer's industry trends, the historical performance of the stock, credit ratings, as well as the Corporation's intent to hold the security for an extended period. If management believes there is a low probability of recovering book value in a reasonable time frame, it records an impairment by writing the security down to market value. As previously mentioned, equity securities are monitored on an ongoing basis but special attention is given to those securities that have experienced a decline in fair value for six months or more. An impairment charge is generally recognized when the fair value of an equity security has remained significantly below cost for a period of 12 consecutive months or more. |
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Variable interest entities (VIE) [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Variable interest entities (“VIE”) |
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A VIE is an entity in which the Corporation holds an equity interest. An institution that has a controlling financial interest in a VIE is referred to as the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE. The Corporation is deemed to have a controlling financial interest and is the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and an obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. |
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In connection with a sale of loans with a book value of $269.3 million to CPG/GS PR NPL, LLC (“CPG/GS”) completed on February 16, 2011, the Bank received a 35% subordinated interest in CPG/GS, as further discussed in Note 13. The Corporation's investment in this unconsolidated entity was considered significant under Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X for the year ended December 31, 2012. This rule looks to Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X to determine the materiality of the investee. The materiality threshold for Rule 3-09 is 20% of assets or income for the presentation of full financial statements. The Corporation must provide full financial information for unconsolidated subsidiaries and 50%-or-less owned entities accounted for by the equity method if the entities are significant, for any fiscal year presented, under the Rule 1-02(w) tests (investment or income tests) in Regulation S-X. |
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The Corporation accounts for its investment in CPG/GS under the equity method and includes the investment as part of investment in unconsolidated entity in the consolidated statements of financial condition. When applying the equity method, the Corporation follows the hypothetical liquidation book value (“HLBV”) method to determine its share of earnings or losses of the unconsolidated entity. Under the HLBV method, the Corporation determines its share of earnings or losses by determining the difference between its “claim on the entity's book value” at the end of the period as compared to the beginning of the period. This claim is calculated as the amount the Corporation would receive if the entity were to liquidate all of its assets at recorded amounts determined in accordance with GAAP and distribute the resulting cash to the investors. |
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Finance, Loans and Leases Receivable, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Loans held for investment |
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Loans that the Corporation has the ability and intent to hold for the foreseeable future are classified as held for investment. The substantial majority of the Corporation's loans are classified as held for investment. Loans are stated at the principal outstanding balance, net of unearned interest, cumulative charge-offs, unamortized deferred origination fees and costs, and unamortized premiums and discounts. Fees collected and costs incurred in the origination of new loans are deferred and amortized using the interest method or a method that approximates the interest method over the term of the loan as an adjustment to interest yield. Unearned interest on certain personal and auto loans and finance leases and discounts and premiums are recognized as income under a method that approximates the interest method. When a loan is paid off or sold, any unamortized net deferred fee (cost) is credited (charged) to income. Credit card loans are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balance plus uncollected billed interest and fees net of amounts deemed uncollectible. PCI loans are reported net of any remaining purchase accounting adjustments. See “Loans acquired” below for the accounting policy for PCI loans. |
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Non-Performing and Past-Due Loans - Loans on which the recognition of interest income has been discontinued are designated as non-performing. Loans are classified as non-performing when interest and principal have not been received for a period of 90 days or more, with the exception of residential mortgage loans guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration (the “FHA”) or the Veterans Administration (the “VA”) and credit cards. It is the Corporation's policy to report delinquent mortgage loans insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA as loans past due 90 days and still accruing as opposed to non-performing loans since the principal repayment is insured. However, the Corporation discontinues the recognition of income for FHA/VA loans when such loans are over 18 months delinquent. As permitted by regulatory guidance issued by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (“FFIEC”), credit card loans are generally charged off in the period in which the account becomes 180 days past due. Credit card loans continue to accrue finance charges and fees until charged off at 180 days. Loans generally may be placed on non-performing status prior to when required by the policies described above when there are doubts about the potential to collect all of the principal based on collateral deficiencies or, in other situations, when collection of all of the principal or interest is not expected due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower. When a loan is placed on non-performing status, any accrued but uncollected interest income is reversed and charged against interest income. In the case of credit card loans, the Corporation generally continues to accrue interest and fees on delinquent loans until the loans are charged off. Interest income on non-performing loans is recognized only to the extent it is received in cash. However, when there is doubt regarding the ultimate collectibility of loan principal, all cash thereafter received is applied to reduce the carrying value of such loans (i.e., the cost recovery method). Generally, the Corporation returns a loan to accrual status when all delinquent interest and principal becomes current under the terms of the loan agreement or when the loan is well secured and in process of collection, and collectibility of the remaining interest and principal is no longer doubtful. Loans that are past due 30 days or more as to principal or interest are considered delinquent, with the exception of residential mortgage, commercial mortgage, and construction loans, which are considered past due when the borrower is in arrears two or more monthly payments. |
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Impaired Loans - A loan is considered impaired when, based upon current information and events, it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect all amounts due (including principal and interest) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans with insignificant delays or insignificant shortfalls in the amounts of payments expected to be collected are not considered to be impaired. The Corporation measures impairment individually for those loans in the construction, commercial mortgage, and commercial and industrial portfolios with a principal balance of $1 million or more, including loans for which a charge-off has been recorded based upon the fair value of the underlying collateral and loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring (“TDRs”). The Corporation also evaluates for impairment purposes certain residential mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit with high delinquency and loan-to-value levels. Generally, consumer loans are not individually evaluated for impairment on a regular basis except for impaired marine financing loans in amounts that exceed $1 million, home equity lines with high delinquency and loan-to-value levels and TDRs. Held-for-sale loans are not reported as impaired, as these loans are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value. |
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A restructuring of a loan constitutes a TDR if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor's financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. TDRs typically result from the Corporation's loss mitigation activities and residential mortgage loans modified in accordance with guidelines similar to those of the U.S. government's Home Affordable Mortgage Program, and could include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, forbearance, refinancing of any past-due amounts, including interest, escrow, and late charges and fees, extensions of maturities, and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. |
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TDRs are classified as either accrual or nonaccrual loans. A loan on nonaccrual and restructured as a TDR will remain on nonaccrual status until the borrower has proven the ability to perform under the modified structure generally for a minimum of six months and there is evidence that such payments can and are likely to continue as agreed. Performance prior to the restructuring, or significant events that coincide with the restructuring, are evaluated in assessing whether the borrower can meet the new terms and may result in the loans being returned to accrual at the time of the restructuring or after a shorter performance period. If the borrower's ability to meet the revised payment schedule is uncertain, the loan remains classified as a nonaccrual loan. Refer to Note 7 for additional qualitative and quantitative information about TDRs. |
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In connection with commercial restructurings, the decision to maintain a loan that has been restructured on accrual status is based on a current, well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower's financial condition and prospects for repayment under the modified terms. This evaluation includes consideration of the borrower's current capacity to pay, which, among other things, may include a review of the borrower's current financial statements, an analysis of global cash flow sufficient to pay all debt obligations, and an evaluation of secondary sources of payment from the client and any guarantors. This evaluation also includes an evaluation of the borrower's current willingness to pay, which may include a review of past payment history, an evaluation of the borrower's willingness to provide information on a timely basis, and consideration of offers from the borrower to provide additional collateral or guarantor support. The credit evaluation also reflects consideration of the borrower's future capacity and willingness to pay, which may include evaluation of cash flow projections, consideration of the adequacy of collateral to cover all principal and interest, and trends indicating improving profitability and collectibility of receivables. |
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The evaluation of mortgage and consumer loans for restructurings includes an evaluation of the client's disposable income and credit report, the value of the property, the loan to value relationship, and certain other client-specific factors that have impacted the borrower's ability to make timely principal and interest payments on the loan. In connection with retail restructurings, a nonperforming loan will be returned to accrual status when current as to principal and interest and upon sustained historical repayment performance. |
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The Corporation removes loans from TDR classification, consistent with authoritative guidance that allows for a TDR to be removed from this classification in years following the modification, only when the following two circumstances are met: |
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The loan is in compliance with the terms of the restructuring agreement and, therefore, is not considered impaired under the revised terms; and |
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The loan yields a market interest rate at the time of the restructuring. In other words, the loan was restructured with an interest rate equal to or greater than what the Corporation would have been willing to accept at the time of the restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk. |
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If both of the conditions are met, the loan can be removed from the TDR classification in calendar years after the year in which the restructuring took place. However, the loan continues to be individually evaluated for impairment. A sustained performance period, generally six months, is required prior to removal from TDR classification. |
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With respect to loan splits, generally, Note A of a loan split is restructured under market terms, and Note B is fully charged off. If Note A is in compliance with the restructured terms in years following the restructuring, Note A will be removed from the TDR classification. |
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Interest income on impaired loans is recognized based on the Corporation's policy for recognizing interest on accrual and non-accrual loans. |
All individually impaired loans are evaluated for a specific allowance. The Corporation generally measures impairment and the related specific allowance for individually impaired loans based on the difference between the recorded investment of the loan and the present value of the loans' expected future cash flows, discounted at the effective original interest rate of the loan at the time of modification, or the loan's observable market price. If the loan is collateral dependent, the Corporation measures impairment based upon the fair value of the underlying collateral, which the Corporation determines based on the current fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs, instead of discounted cash flows, regardless of whether foreclosure is probable. Loans are identified as collateral dependent if the repayment is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral, through liquidation or operation of the collateral. If the fair value of the loan is less than the recorded investment, the Corporation recognizes impairment by either a direct write-down or establishing an allowance for the loan or by adjusting an allowance for the impaired loan. For an impaired loan that is collateral dependent, charge-offs are taken in the period in which the loan, or portion of the loan, is deemed uncollectible, and any portion of the loan not charged off is adversely credit risk rated no worse than substandard. |
Loans Acquired - All purchased loans are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition. Loans acquired with evidence of credit deterioration since origination and for which it is probable at the date of acquisition that the Corporation will not collect all contractually required principal and interest payments are considered PCI loans. In connection with the acquisition of an approximate $406 million portfolio of FirstBank-branded credit card loans from FIA Card Services (FIA) in 2012, the Corporation concluded that a portion of such loans were PCI loans. See Note 7, “ Loans Held for Investment,” for additional information. In accounting for PCI loans, the difference between contractually required payments and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition, is referred to as the nonaccretable difference. The nonaccretable difference, which is neither accreted into income nor recorded on the consolidated statement of financial condition, reflects estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loans. The excess of cash flows expected to be collected over the estimated fair value of PCI loans is referred to as the accretable yield. This amount is not recorded on the statement of financial condition, but is accreted into interest income over the remaining life of the loans, using the effective-yield method. |
Subsequent to acquisition, the Corporation completes quarterly evaluations of expected cash flows. Decreases in expected cash flows attributable to credit will generally result in an impairment charge to the provision for loan and lease losses and the establishment of an allowance for loan and lease losses. Increases in expected cash flows will generally result in a reduction in any allowance for loan and lease losses established subsequent to acquisition and an increase in the accretable yield. The adjusted accretable yield is recognized in interest income over the remaining life of the loans. |
Because the initial fair value of PCI loans recorded at acquisition includes an estimate of credit losses expected to be realized over the remaining lives of the loans, the Corporation separately tracks and reports PCI loans and excludes these loans from its delinquency and non-performing loan statistics. |
For acquired loans that are not deemed impaired at acquisition, subsequent to acquisition the Corporation recognizes the difference between the initial fair value at acquisition and the undiscounted expected cash flows in interest income over the period in which substantially all of the inherent losses associated with the non-PCI loans at the acquisition date are estimated to occur. |
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Charge-off of Uncollectible Loans - Net charge-offs consist of the unpaid principal balances of loans held for investment that the Corporation determines are uncollectible, net of recovered amounts. Charge-offs are recorded as a reduction to the allowance for loan and lease losses and subsequent recoveries of previously charged off amounts are credited to the allowance for loan and lease losses. Collateral dependent loans in the construction, commercial mortgage, and commercial and industrial loan portfolios are charged off to their fair value when loans are considered impaired. Within the consumer loan portfolio, loans in the auto and finance leases are reserved once they are 120 days delinquent and are charged off to their estimated net realizable value when collateral deficiency is deemed uncollectible (i.e., when foreclosure/repossession is probable) or when the loan is 365 days past due. Within the other consumer loans class, closed-end loans are charged off when payments are 120 days in arrears and open-end (revolving credit) consumer loans, including credit card loans, are charged off when payments are 180 days in arrears. On a quarterly basis, residential mortgage loans that are 120 days delinquent and have a loan-to-value ratio that is higher than 60% are charged-off to their fair value when there is a collateral deficiency. Generally, all loans may be charged off or written down to the fair value of the collateral prior to the policies described above if a loss-confirming event occurred. Loss confirming events include, but are not limited to, bankruptcy (unsecured), continued delinquency, or receipt of an asset valuation indicating a collateral deficiency when the asset is the sole source of repayment. The Corporation does not record charge-offs on PCI loans that are performing in accordance with or better than expectations as of the date of acquisition, as the fair value of these loans already reflects a credit component. The Corporation records charge-offs on PCI loans only if actual losses exceed estimated losses incorporated into the fair value recorded at acquisition. |
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Finance, Loan and Lease Receivables, Held-for-sale, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Loans held for sale |
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Loans that the Corporation intends to sell or that the Corporation does not have the ability and intent to hold for the foreseeable future are classified as held-for-sale loans. Loans held for sale are stated at the lower-of-cost-or-market. Generally, the loans held-for-sale portfolio consists of conforming residential mortgage loans that the Corporation intends to sell to the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) and government sponsored entities (GSEs) such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC). Generally, residential mortgage loans held for sale are valued on an aggregate portfolio basis and the value is primarily derived from quotations based on the mortgage-backed securities market. The amount by which cost exceeds market value in the aggregate portfolio of loans held for sale, if any, is accounted for as a valuation allowance with changes therein included in the determination of net income and reported as part of mortgage banking activities in the consolidated statement of income (loss). The fair value of commercial mortgage and construction loans held for sale is primarily derived from external appraisals with changes in the valuation allowance reported as part of other non-interest income in the consolidated statement of income (loss). In certain circumstances, the Corporation transfers loans to/from held for sale or held for investment based on a change in strategy. In particular, although no decision to sell any portion of its non-performing loan portfolio has been made, the Corporation continues to evaluate options to further reduce non-performing loan levels. These options could include bulk loan sales. If such a change in holding strategy is made, significant adjustments to the loans' carrying values may be necessary. These loans are transferred to held for sale the lower of cost or fair value on the date of transfer and establish a new cost basis upon transfer. Write-downs of loans transferred from held for investment to held for sale are recorded as charge-offs at the time of transfer. |
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Allowance for loan and lease losses [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Allowance for loan and lease losses |
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The Corporation maintains the allowance for loan and lease losses at a level considered adequate to absorb losses currently inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. The Corporation does not maintain an allowance for held-for-sale loans or PCI loans that are performing in accordance with or better than expectations as of the date of acquisition, as the fair values of these loans already reflects a credit component. The allowance for loan and lease losses provides for probable losses that have been identified with specific valuation allowances for individually evaluated impaired loans and for probable losses believed to be inherent in the loan portfolio that have not been specifically identified. The determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses requires significant estimates, including the timing and amounts of expected future cash flows on impaired loans, consideration of current economic conditions, and historical loss experience pertaining to the portfolios and pools of homogeneous loans, all of which may be susceptible to change. |
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The Corporation aggregates loans with similar credit risk characteristics into portfolio segments: commercial mortgage, construction, commercial and industrial, residential mortgage, and consumer loans. Classes are usually disaggregations of the portfolio segments. The classes within the residential mortgage segment are residential mortgages guaranteed by the U.S. government and other loans. The classes within the consumer portfolio are: auto, finance leases, and other consumer loans. Other consumer loans mainly include unsecured personal loans, credit cards, home equity lines, lines of credits, and marine financing. The classes within the construction loan portfolio are: land loans, construction of commercial projects, and construction of residential projects. The commercial mortgage and commercial and industrial segments are not further segmented into classes. The adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses is based on judgments related to the credit quality of the loan portfolio. These judgments consider ongoing evaluations of the loan portfolio, including such factors as the economic risks associated with each loan class, the financial condition of specific borrowers, the level of delinquent loans, historical loss experience, the value of any collateral and, where applicable, the existence of any guarantees or other documented support. In addition to the general economic conditions and other factors described above, additional factors also considered include the internal risk ratings assigned to the loan. Internal risk ratings are assigned to each commercial loan at the time of approval and are subject to subsequent periodic review by the Corporation's senior management. The allowance for loan and lease losses is reviewed on a quarterly basis as part of the Corporation's continued evaluation of its asset quality. |
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The allowance for loan and lease losses is increased through a provision for credit losses that is charged to earnings, based on the quarterly evaluation of the factors previously mentioned, and is reduced by charge-offs, net of recoveries. |
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The allowance for loan and lease losses consists of specific reserves based upon valuations of loans considered to be impaired and general reserves. A specific valuation allowance is established for individual impaired loans in the commercial mortgage, construction, commercial and industrial, and residential mortgage loan portfolios, primarily when the collateral value of the loan (if the impaired loan is determined to be collateral dependent) or the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective rate is lower than the carrying amount of that loan. The specific valuation allowance is computed for impaired commercial mortgage, construction, commercial and industrial, and real estate loans with individual principal balances of $1 million or more, TDRs, as well as smaller residential mortgage loans and home equity lines of credit considered impaired based on their delinquency and loan-to-value levels. When foreclosure is probable and for collateral dependent loans, the impairment measure is based on the fair value of the collateral. The fair value of the collateral is generally obtained from appraisals. Updated appraisals are obtained when the Corporation determines that loans are impaired and are generally updated annually thereafter. In addition, appraisals and/or broker price opinions are also obtained for residential mortgage loans based on specific characteristics such as delinquency levels, age of the appraisal, and loan-to-value ratios. The excess of the recorded investment in a collateral dependent loan over the resulting fair value of the collateral is charged-off when deemed uncollectible. |
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For all other loans, which include small, homogeneous loans, such as auto loans, all classes in the consumer loan portfolio, residential mortgages in amounts under $1 million and commercial and construction loans not considered impaired, the Corporation maintains a general valuation allowance established through a process that begins with estimates of incurred losses based upon various statistical analyses. The general reserve is primarily determined by applying loss factors according to the loan type and assigned risk category (pass, special mention, and substandard not considered impaired; all doubtful loans are considered impaired). |
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The Corporation uses a roll-rate methodology to estimate losses on its consumer loan portfolio based on delinquencies and considering credit bureau score bands. The Corporation tracks the historical portfolio performance, generally over a 24-month loss period (12 months for credit cards), to arrive at a weighted average distribution in each subgroup of each delinquency bucket. Roll-to-loss rates (loss factors) are calculated by multiplying the roll rates from each subgroup within the delinquency buckets forward through loss. Once roll rates are calculated, the resulting loss factor is applied to the existing receivables in the applicable subgroups within the delinquency buckets and the end results are aggregated to arrive at the required allowance level. The Corporation's assessment also involves evaluating key qualitative and environmental factors, which include credit and macroeconomic indicators such as unemployment, bankruptcy trends, recent market transactions, and collateral values to account for current market conditions that are likely to cause estimated credit losses to differ from historical loss experience. The Corporation analyzes the expected delinquency migration to determine the future volume of delinquencies. The Corporation reflects the effect of these environmental factors on each delinquency bucket as an adjustment that increases the historical loss rate applied to each group. |
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The non-PCI portion of the credit card portfolio acquired from FIA in 2012 was recorded at the fair value on the acquisition date of $353.2 million, net of a discount of $18.2 million. The discount at acquisition is attributable to uncertainties in the cash flows of this portfolio based on an estimation of inherent credit losses. As previously discussed, the discount recorded at acquisition is accreted and recognized in interest income over the period in which substantially all of the inherent losses associated with the non-PCI loans at the acquisition date were estimated to occur. Subsequent to acquisition, the Corporation evaluates its estimate of embedded losses on a quarterly basis. The allowance for non-PCI loans acquired is determined considering the outstanding balance of the portfolio net of the unaccreted discount. To the extent the required allowance exceeds the unaccreted discount, a provision is required. The provision recorded during 2012 and 2013 relates to new purchases on these non-PCI credit card loans and to the allowance methodology described above. The provision in 2012 and 2013 was not related to changes in expected loan losses assumed in the accounting for the acquisition of the portfolio. In the case of the PCI portion of the portfolio acquired from FIA, recorded at the fair value on the acquisition date of $15.7 million (and having an unpaid principal and interest balance of $34.6 million), the accounting guidance prohibits the carryover or creation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting for impaired loans acquired in a transfer. Subsequent to acquisition, decreases in expected principal cash flows of PCI loans due to further credit deterioration will generally result in an impairment charge recognized in the Corporation's provision for loan and lease losses, resulting in an increase to the allowance for loan losses. Increases in the cash flows expected to be collected will generally result in an increase in interest income over the remaining life of the loans. |
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The residential mortgage pools cash flow analyses are performed at the individual loan level and then aggregated to the pool level in determining the overall expected loss ratio. The model applies risk-adjusted prepayment curves, default curves, and severity curves to each loan in the pool. For loan restructuring pools, the present value of expected future cash flows under new terms, at the loan's effective interest rate, are taken into consideration. Additionally, the default risk and prepayments related to loan restructurings are based on, among other things, the historical experience of these loans. Loss severity is affected by the expected house price scenario, which is based in part on recent house price trends. Default curves are used in the model to determine expected delinquency levels. The risk-adjusted timing of liquidations and associated costs are used in the model, and are risk-adjusted for the geographic area in which each property is located (Puerto Rico, Florida, or the Virgin Islands). For residential mortgage loans, the determination of reserves includes the incorporation of updated loss factors applicable to loans expected to liquidate over the next twelve months, considering the expected realization of similarly valued assets at disposition. The allowance determination for residential mortgage loans also takes into consideration other qualitative factors, such as changes in business strategies, including loan resolution and liquidation procedures that might result in an overall adjustment applied to this portfolio segment. |
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For commercial loans, including construction loans, the general reserve is based on historical loss ratios supplemented by management judgment and interpretation. The loss ratios are derived from a migration analysis, which tracks the historical net charge-offs experienced over a historical 24-month loss period on loans according to their internal risk rating, applying adjustments, as necessary, to each loss rate based on assessments of recent loss ratio trends (12 months). Historical loss rates may be adjusted for certain qualitative factors that, in management's judgment, are necessary to reflect losses inherent in the portfolio. Qualitative factors that management considers in the general reserve analysis include general economic conditions, and geographic trends impacting expected losses, collateral value trends, asset quality trends, concentrations, risk management and loan administration, and changes in lending practices. The methodology of accounting for all probable losses in loans not individually measured for impairment purposes is made in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance that requires that losses be accrued when they are probable of occurring and estimable. |
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Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Transfers and servicing of financial assets and extinguishment of liabilities |
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After a transfer of financial assets that qualifies for sale accounting, the Corporation derecognizes the financial assets when control has been surrendered, and derecognizes liabilities when extinguished. |
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The transfer of financial assets in which the Corporation surrenders control over the assets is accounted for as a sale to the extent that consideration other than beneficial interests is received in exchange. The criteria that must be met to determine that the control over transferred assets has been surrendered include: (1) the assets must be isolated from creditors of the transferor, (2) the transferee must obtain the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the transferor cannot maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity. When the Corporation transfers financial assets and the transfer fails any one of the above criteria, the Corporation is prevented from derecognizing the transferred financial assets and the transaction is accounted for as a secured borrowing. |
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Servicing Assets [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Servicing Assets |
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The Corporation recognizes as separate assets the rights to service loans for others, whether those servicing assets are originated or purchased. The Corporation is actively involved in the securitization of pools of FHA-insured and VA-guaranteed mortgages for the issuance of GNMA mortgage-backed securities. Also, certain conventional conforming loans are sold to FNMA or FHLMC with servicing retained. When the Corporation securitizes or sells mortgage loans, it recognizes any retained interest, based on its fair value. |
Servicing assets (“MSRs”) retained in a sale or securitization arise from contractual agreements between the Corporation and investors in mortgage securities and mortgage loans. The value of MSRs is derived from the net positive cash flows associated with the servicing contracts. Under these contracts, the Corporation performs loan-servicing functions in exchange for fees and other remuneration. The servicing functions typically include: collecting and remitting loan payments, responding to borrower inquiries, accounting for principal and interest, holding custodial funds for payment of property taxes and insurance premiums, supervising foreclosures and property dispositions, and generally administering the loans. The servicing rights, included as part of other assets in the statements of financial condition, entitle the Corporation to annual servicing fees based on the outstanding principal balance of the mortgage loans and the contractual servicing rate. The servicing fees are credited to income on a monthly basis when collected and recorded as part of mortgage banking activities in the consolidated statements of income (loss). In addition, the Corporation generally receives other remuneration consisting of mortgagor-contracted fees such as late charges and prepayment penalties, which are credited to income when collected. |
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Considerable judgment is required to determine the fair value of the Corporation's servicing assets. Unlike highly liquid investments, the market value of servicing assets cannot be readily determined because these assets are not actively traded in securities markets. The initial carrying value of the servicing assets is generally determined based on its fair value. The fair value of the MSRs is determined based on a combination of market information on trading activity (MSR trades and broker valuations), benchmarking of servicing assets (valuation surveys), and cash flow modeling. The valuation of the Corporation's MSRs incorporates two sets of assumptions: (1) market derived assumptions for discount rates, servicing costs, escrow earnings rates, floating earnings rates, and the cost of funds and (2) market assumptions calibrated to the Corporation's loan characteristics and portfolio behavior for escrow balances, delinquencies and foreclosures, late fees, prepayments, and prepayment penalties. |
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Once recorded, MSRs are periodically evaluated for impairment. Impairment occurs when the current fair value of the MSRs is less than its carrying value. If MSRs are impaired, the impairment is recognized in current-period earnings and the carrying value of the MSRs is adjusted through a valuation allowance. If the value of the MSRs subsequently increases, the recovery in value is recognized in current period earnings and the carrying value of the MSRs is adjusted through a reduction in the valuation allowance. For purposes of performing the MSR impairment evaluation, the servicing portfolio is stratified on the basis of certain risk characteristics such as region, terms, and coupons. An other-than-temporary impairment analysis is prepared to evaluate whether a loss in the value of the MSRs, if any, is other than temporary or not. When the recovery of the value is unlikely in the foreseeable future, a write-down of the MSRs in the stratum to its estimated recoverable value is charged to the valuation allowance. |
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The servicing assets are amortized over the estimated life of the underlying loans based on an income forecast method as a reduction of servicing income. The income forecast method of amortization is based on projected cash flows. A particular periodic amortization is calculated by applying to the carrying amount of the MSRs the ratio of the cash flows projected for the current period to total remaining net MSR forecasted cash flow. |
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Premises and equipment [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Premises and equipment |
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Premises and equipment are carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of each type of asset. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed over the terms of the leases (contractual term plus lease renewals that are “reasonably assured”) or the estimated useful lives of the improvements, whichever is shorter. Costs of maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the life of the respective assets are expensed as incurred. Costs of renewals and betterments are capitalized. When assets are sold or disposed of, their cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is reflected in earnings as part of other non-interest income in the statement of income (loss). When the asset is no longer used in operations, and the Corporation intends to sell it, the asset is reclassified to other assets held-for-sale and is reported at the lower of carrying amount of fair value less cost to sell. |
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The Corporation has operating lease agreements primarily associated with the rental of premises to support the branch network or for general office space. Certain of these arrangements are noncancelable and provide for rent escalation and renewal options. Rent expense on noncancelable operating leases with scheduled rent increases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. |
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Other real estate owned (OREO) [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Other real estate owned (OREO) |
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OREO, which consists of real estate acquired in settlement of loans, is recorded at the lower of cost (carrying value of the loan) or fair value minus estimated cost to sell the real estate acquired. Generally, loans have been written down to their net realizable value prior to foreclosure. Any further reduction to their net realizable value is recorded with a charge to the allowance for loan losses at foreclosure. Thereafter, gains or losses resulting from the sale of these properties and losses recognized on the periodic reevaluations of these properties are credited or charged to earnings and are included as part of net loss on other real estate owned (“OREO”) operations in the statements of income (loss). The cost of maintaining and operating these properties is expensed as incurred. The Corporation estimates fair values primarily based on appraisals, when available, and the net realizable value is reviewed and updated periodically depending of the type of property. |
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Goodwill and other intangible assets [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Goodwill and other intangible assets |
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Business combinations are accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at estimated fair value as of the date of acquisition. After initial recognition, any resulting intangible assets are accounted for as follows: |
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Goodwill |
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The Corporation evaluates goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, generally during the fourth quarter, or more often if events or circumstances indicate there may be impairment. The Corporation evaluated goodwill for impairment as of October 1, 2013. Goodwill impairment testing is performed at the segment (or “reporting unit”) level. Goodwill is assigned to reporting units at the date the goodwill is initially recorded. Once goodwill has been assigned to a reporting unit, it no longer retains its association with a particular acquisition, and all of the activities within a reporting unit, whether acquired or internally generated, are available to support the value of the goodwill. The Corporation's goodwill is related to the acquisition of FirstBank Florida in 2005. |
The Corporation bypassed the qualitative assessment in 2013 and proceeded directly to perform the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step (“Step 1”) involves a comparison of the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not considered impaired. If the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value, there is an indication of potential impairment and the second step is performed to measure the amount of the impairment. |
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The second step (“Step 2”), if necessary, involves calculating an implied fair value of the goodwill for each reporting unit for which the first step indicated a potential impairment. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to the calculation of the amount of goodwill in a business combination, by measuring the excess of the estimated fair value of the reporting unit, as determined in the first step, over the aggregate estimated fair values of the individual assets, liabilities, and identifiable intangibles as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of goodwill exceeds the carrying value of goodwill assigned to the reporting unit, there is no impairment. If the carrying value of goodwill assigned to a reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess. An impairment loss cannot exceed the carrying value of goodwill assigned to a reporting unit, and the loss establishes a new basis in the goodwill. Subsequent reversal of goodwill impairment losses is not permitted. |
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In determining the fair value of a reporting unit, which is based on the nature of the business and the reporting unit's current and expected financial performance, the Corporation uses a combination of methods, including market price multiples of comparable companies, as well as a discounted cash flow analysis (“DCF”). The Corporation evaluates the results obtained under each valuation methodology to identify and understand the key value drivers in order to ascertain that the results obtained are reasonable and appropriate under the circumstances. |
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The computations require management to make estimates and assumptions. Critical assumptions that are used as part of these evaluations include: |
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a selection of comparable publicly traded companies, based on size, performance, and asset quality; |
the discount rate applied to future earnings, based on an estimate of the cost of equity; |
the potential future earnings of the reporting unit; and |
the market growth and new business assumptions. |
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For purposes of the market comparable approach, valuation was determined based on market multiples for comparable companies and market participant assumptions applied to the reporting unit to derive an implied value of equity. |
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For purposes of the DCF analysis approach, the valuation is based on estimated future cash flows. The financial projections used in the DCF analysis for the reporting unit are based on the most recent available data. The growth assumptions included in these projections are based on management's expectations of the reporting unit's financial prospects as well as particular plans for the entity (i.e., restructuring plans). The cost of equity was estimated using the capital asset pricing model using comparable companies, an equity risk premium, the rate of return of a “riskless” asset, and a size premium based on the size of the reporting unit. The resulting discount rate was analyzed in terms of reasonability given current market conditions. |
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The Step 1 evaluation of goodwill allocated to the Florida reporting unit, which is one level below the United States business segment, under both valuation approaches (market and DCF) indicated that the fair value of the unit was above the carrying amount of its equity book value as of the valuation date (October 1), which meant that Step 2 was not undertaken. Based on the analysis under both the income and market approaches, the estimated fair value of the reporting units exceeds the carrying amount of the unit, including goodwill, at the evaluation date. |
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The Corporation engaged a third-party valuator to assist management in the annual evaluation of the Florida unit's goodwill as of the October 1 valuation date. In reaching its conclusion on impairment, management discussed with the valuator the methodologies, assumptions, and results supporting the relevant values for the goodwill and determined that they were reasonable. |
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The goodwill impairment evaluation process requires the Corporation to make estimates and assumptions with regards to the fair value of reporting units. Actual values may differ significantly from these estimates. Such differences could result in future impairment of goodwill that would, in turn, negatively impact the Corporation's results of operations and the profitability of the reporting unit where goodwill is recorded. |
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Goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2013 or 2012, nor was any goodwill written off due to impairment during 2013, 2012, and 2011. |
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Other Intangibles |
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Core deposit intangibles are amortized over their estimated lives, generally on a straight-line basis, and are reviewed periodically for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. |
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The Corporation performed impairment tests for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011 and determined that no impairment was needed to be recognized for other intangible assets. |
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In connection with the acquisition of the FirstBank-branded credit card loan portfolio in 2012, the Corporation recognized at acquisition a purchased credit card relationship intangible of $24.5 million ($19.8 million and $23.5 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively) which is being amortized on an accelerated basis based on the estimated attrition rate of the purchased credit card accounts, which reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed. These benefits are consumed as the revenue stream generated by the cardholder relationship is realized. For further disclosures, refer to Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements. |
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Repurchase Agreements, Valuation, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |
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The Corporation sells securities under agreements to repurchase the same or similar securities. Generally, similar securities are securities from the same issuer, with identical form and type, similar maturity, identical contractual interest rates, similar assets as collateral, and the same aggregate unpaid principal amount. The Corporation retains control over the securities sold under these agreements. Accordingly, these agreements are considered financing transactions and the securities underlying the agreements remain in the asset accounts. The counterparty to certain agreements may have the right to repledge the collateral by contract or custom. Such assets are presented separately in the statements of financial condition as securities pledged to creditors that can be repledged. |
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From time to time, the Corporation modifies repurchase agreements to take advantage of prevailing interest rates. Following applicable GAAP guidance, if the Corporation determines that the debt under the modified terms is substantially different from the original terms, the modification must be accounted for as an extinguishment of debt. Modified terms are considered substantially different if the present value of the cash flows under the terms of the new debt instrument is at least 10% different from the present value of the remaining cash flows under the terms of the original instrument. The new debt instrument shall be initially recorded at fair value, and that amount shall be used to determine the debt extinguishment gain or loss to be recognized through the statement of income (loss) and the effective rate of the new instrument. If the Corporation determines that the debt under the modified terms is not substantially different, then the new effective interest rate shall be determined based on the carrying amount of the original debt instrument. None of the repurchase agreements modified in the past were considered to be substantially different from the original terms, and therefore, these modifications were not accounted for as extinguishments of debt. |
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Rewards Liability [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Rewards Liability |
The Corporation offers products, primarily credit cards, that offer reward program members with various rewards, such as airline tickets, cash, or merchandise, based on account activity. The Corporation generally recognizes the cost of rewards as part of business promotion expenses when the rewards are earned by the customer and records the corresponding rewards liability. The reward liability is computed based on points earned to date that are expected to be redeemed and the average cost per point redemption. The reward liability is reduced as points are redeemed. In estimating the reward liability, the Corporation considers historical reward redemption behavior, the terms of the current reward program, and the card purchase activity. The reward liability is sensitive to changes in the reward redemption type and redemption rate, which is based on the expectation that the vast majority of all points earned will eventually be redeemed. The reward liability, which is included in other liabilities in the consolidated statement of financial condition, totaled $8.1 million and $8.4 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
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Income Tax [PolicyText Block] | ' |
Income taxes |
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The Corporation uses the asset and liability method for the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Corporation's financial statements or tax returns. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined for differences between financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future. The computation is based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to periods in which the temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In making such assessment, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified, including both positive and negative evidence. The authoritative guidance for accounting for income taxes requires the consideration of all sources of taxable income available to realize the deferred tax asset, including the future reversal of existing temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards, taxable income in carryback years, and tax planning strategies. In estimating taxes, management assesses the relative merits and risks of the appropriate tax treatment of transactions taking into account statutory, judicial, and regulatory guidance. Refer to Note 24 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. |
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Under the authoritative accounting guidance, income tax benefits are recognized and measured based on a two-step analysis: 1) a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits in order to be recognized, and 2) the benefit is measured at the largest dollar amount of that position that is more likely than not to be sustained upon settlement. The difference between the benefit recognized in accordance with this analysis and the tax benefit claimed on a tax return is referred to as an Unrecognized Tax Benefit (“UTB”). The Corporation classifies interest and penalties, if any, related to UTBs as components of income tax expense. Refer to Note 24 for required disclosures and further information. |
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Treasury stock [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Treasury stock |
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The Corporation accounts for treasury stock at par value. Under this method, the treasury stock account is increased by the par value of each share of common stock reacquired. Any excess paid per share over the par value is debited to additional paid-in capital for the amount per share that was originally credited. Any remaining excess is charged to retained earnings. |
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Stock-based compensation [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Stock-based compensation |
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Compensation cost is recognized in the financial statements for all share-based payment grants. Between 1997 and 2007, the Corporation had a stock option plan (the “1997 stock option plan”) covering eligible employees. On January 21, 2007, the 1997 stock option plan expired; all outstanding awards under this plan continue to be in full force and effect, subject to their original terms. No awards for shares could be granted under the 1997 stock option plan as of its expiration. |
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On April 29, 2008, the Corporation's stockholders approved the First BanCorp 2008 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended (the “Omnibus Plan”). The Omnibus Plan provides for equity-based compensation incentives (the “awards”) through the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, and other stock-based awards. The compensation cost for an award, determined based on the estimate of the fair value at the grant date (considering forfeitures and any postvesting restrictions), is recognized over the period during which an employee or director is required to provide services in exchange for an award, which is the vesting period. |
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Stock-based compensation accounting guidance requires the Corporation to develop an estimate of the number of share-based awards that will be forfeited due to employee or director turnover. Quarterly changes in the estimated forfeiture rate may have a significant effect on share-based compensation, as the effect of adjusting the rate for all expense amortization is recognized in the period in which the forfeiture estimate is changed. If the actual forfeiture rate is higher than the estimated forfeiture rate, then an adjustment is made to increase the estimated forfeiture rate, which will result in a decrease in the expense recognized in the financial statements. If the actual forfeiture rate is lower than the estimated forfeiture rate, an adjustment is made to decrease the estimated forfeiture rate, which will result in an increase in the expense recognized in the financial statements. When unvested options or shares of restricted stock are forfeited, any compensation expense previously recognized on the forfeited awards is reversed in the period of the forfeiture. For additional information regarding the Corporation's equity-based compensation and awards granted, refer to Note 19. |
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Comprehensive income [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Comprehensive income |
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Comprehensive income for First BanCorp. includes net income and the unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities, net of estimated tax effects. |
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Segment Information [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Segment Information |
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The Corporation reports financial and descriptive information about its reportable segments (see Note 31). Operating segments are components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by management in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Corporation's management determined that the segregation that best fulfills the segment definition described above is by lines of business for its operations in Puerto Rico, the Corporation's principal market, and by geographic areas for its operations outside of Puerto Rico. As of December 31, 2013, the Corporation had six operating segments that are all reportable segments: Commercial and Corporate Banking; Mortgage Banking; Consumer (Retail) Banking; Treasury and Investments; United States Operations; and Virgin Islands Operations. Refer to Note 31 for additional information. |
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Valuation of financial instruments [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Valuation of financial instruments |
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The measurement of fair value is fundamental to the Corporation's presentation of its financial condition and results of operations. The Corporation holds fixed income and equity securities, derivatives, investments, and other financial instruments at fair value. The Corporation holds its investments and liabilities mainly to manage liquidity needs and interest rate risks. A significant part of the Corporation's total assets is reflected at fair value on the Corporation's financial statements. |
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The FASB authoritative guidance for fair value measurement defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. This guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy for classifying financial instruments. The hierarchy is based on whether the inputs to the valuation techniques used to measure fair value are observable or unobservable. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value: |
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Level 1 | | Inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. |
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Level 2 | | Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. |
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Level 3 | | Valuations are observed from unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. |
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Under the fair value accounting guidance, an entity has the irrevocable option to elect, on a contract-by-contract basis, to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value at inception of the contract and, thereafter, to reflect any changes in fair value in current earnings. The Corporation did not make any fair value option election as of December 31, 2013 or 2012. See Note 26 for additional information. |
Income recognition- Insurance agencies business [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Income recognition— Insurance agency |
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Commission revenue is recognized as of the effective date of the insurance policy or the date the customer is billed, whichever is later. The Corporation also receives contingent commissions from insurance companies as additional incentive for achieving specified premium volume goals and/or the loss experience of the insurance placed by the Corporation. Contingent commissions from insurance companies are recognized when determinable, which is generally when such commissions are received or when the Corporation receives data from the insurance companies that allows the reasonable estimation of these amounts. |
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Advertising costs [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Advertising costs |
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Advertising costs for all reporting periods are expensed as incurred. |
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Earnings per common share [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Earnings per common share |
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Earnings (loss) per share-basic is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares. Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders represents net income (loss) adjusted for any preferred stock dividends, including dividends declared, cumulative dividends related to the current dividend period that have not been declared as of the end of the period, if any, and the accretion of discounts on preferred stock issuances, if any. Basic weighted average common shares outstanding exclude unvested shares of restricted stock. For 2011, the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders also includes the one-time effect of the issuance of common stock in the conversion of the Series G preferred stock. This transaction is further discussed in Note 20. The computation of earnings per share-diluted is similar to the computation of earnings per share-basic except that the number of weighted average common shares is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive common shares had been issued, referred to as potential common shares. |
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Potential common shares consist of common stock issuable upon the assumed exercise of stock options, unvested shares of restricted stock, and outstanding warrants using the treasury stock method. This method assumes that the potential common shares are issued and the proceeds from the exercise, in addition to the amount of compensation cost attributable to future services, are used to purchase common stock at the exercise date. The difference between the number of potential shares issued and the shares purchased is added as incremental shares to the actual number of shares outstanding to compute diluted earnings per share. Stock options, unvested shares of restricted stock, and outstanding warrants that result in lower potential shares issued than shares purchased under the treasury stock method are not included in the computation of dilutive earnings per share since their inclusion would have an antidilutive effect in earnings per share. |
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The dilutive effect of convertible securities is reflected in the computation of diluted earnings per share using the if-converted method. The Series G preferred stock converted in the fourth quarter of 2011 was included in the denominator for the period prior to actual conversion and common shares issued upon conversion were included in the weighted average shares outstanding for the period from their date of issuance through period-end. |
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Recently issued accounting pronouncements [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Recently issued accounting pronouncements |
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The FASB has issued the following accounting pronouncements and guidance relevant to the Corporation's operations: |
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In December 2011, the FASB updated the Accounting Standards Codification (“the Codification”) to enhance and require converged disclosures about financial and derivative instruments that are either offset on the balance sheet, or are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement (or other similar arrangement). Entities are required to disclose both gross information and net information about both instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position and instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement. In January 2013, the FASB updated the Codification to clarify the scope of the disclosure to include only derivatives, including bifurcated embedded derivatives, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, and securities lending that are either offset or subject to an enforceable master netting agreement or similar agreement. The amendments in this Update were effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. The Corporation adopted this guidance in 2013. Refer to Note 30 for required disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities. |
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In February 2013, the FASB updated the Codification to improve the reporting of reclassifications out of accumulated OCI. The amendments in this Update seek to attain that objective by requiring an entity to report the effect of significant reclassifications out of accumulated OCI on the respective line items in net income if the amount being reclassified is required under GAAP to be reclassified in its entirety to net income. For other amounts that are not required under GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income in the same reporting period, an entity is required to cross-reference other disclosures required under GAAP that provide additional detail about those amounts. This would be the case when a portion of the amount reclassified out of accumulated OCI is reclassified to a balance sheet account (for example, inventory) instead of directly to income or expense in the same reporting period. The amendments in this Update were effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2012. The Corporation adopted this guidance in 2013 with no effect on the Corporation's financial condition or results of operations since it impacted presentation only. The reclassifications out of accumulated OCI of the Corporation during 2013 and 2012 were primarily related to credit losses on debt securities for which OTTI was previously recognized. The disclosure of credit losses on debt securities, and required identification in the statement of (loss) income, is already required by Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) 320-10-50. |
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In July 2013, the FASB updated the Codification to add the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rates (or Overnight Index Swap Rate) as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes. Previously, only the direct Treasury obligations of the U.S. government and the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) swap rate were used. This Update was effective prospectively for qualifying new or redesignated hedging relationships entered into on or after July 17, 2013. The adoption of this guidance did not have an effect on the Corporation's financial condition or results of operations as the Corporation's derivative instruments are not designated or do not qualify for hedge accounting. |
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In July 2013, the FASB updated the Codification to provide explicit guidelines on how to present an unrecognized tax benefit in financial statements when a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward exists. An unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, should be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward, except as follows. To the extent a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position or the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a liability and should not be combined with deferred tax assets. The assessment of whether a deferred tax asset is available is based on the unrecognized tax benefit and deferred tax asset that exist at the reporting date and should be made presuming disallowance of the tax position at the reporting date. The amendments are effective for public entities with fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2013. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on its financial statements. |
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In January 2014, the FASB updated the Codification to clarify when a creditor should be considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan so that the loan should be derecognized and the real estate property recognized in the financial statements. The Update clarifies that an in substance repossession or foreclosure occurs, and a creditor is considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan upon either: (i) the creditor obtaining legal title to the residential real estate property upon completion of a foreclosure, or (ii) the borrower conveying all interest in the residential real estate property to the creditor to satisfy the loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. In addition, creditors are required to disclose on an annual and interim basis both (i) the amount of the foreclosed residential real estate property held and (ii) the recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction. The amendments are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2014, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 31, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance can be implemented using either a modified retrospective transition method or a prospective transition method. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance, if any, on its financial statements. |