3. Loans | Major classifications of loans at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 105,939 92,596 Single-family residential 271,489 269,475 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 29,887 30,793 Commercial 301,490 291,255 Multifamily and farmland 48,191 48,090 Total real estate loans 756,996 732,209 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 104,221 100,263 Farm loans 1,044 1,033 Consumer loans 8,241 8,432 All other loans 10,062 7,937 Total loans 880,564 849,874 Less allowance for loan losses 8,112 6,680 Total net loans $ 872,452 843,194 The Bank grants loans and extensions of credit primarily within the Catawba Valley region of North Carolina, which encompasses Catawba, Alexander, Iredell and Lincoln counties, and also in Mecklenburg, Wake and Durham counties of North Carolina. Although the Bank has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of the loan portfolio is collateralized by improved and unimproved real estate, the value of which is dependent upon the real estate market. Risk characteristics of the major components of the Bank’s loan portfolio are discussed below: ● Construction and land development loans – The risk of loss is largely dependent on the initial estimate of whether the property’s value at completion equals or exceeds the cost of property construction and the availability of take-out financing. During the construction phase, a number of factors can result in delays or cost overruns. If the estimate is inaccurate or if actual construction costs exceed estimates, the value of the property securing the loan may be insufficient to ensure full repayment when completed through a permanent loan, sale of the property, or by seizure of collateral. As of March 31, 2020, construction and land development loans comprised approximately 12% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. ● Single-family residential loans – Declining home sales volumes, decreased real estate values and higher than normal levels of unemployment could contribute to losses on these loans. As of March 31, 2020, single-family residential loans comprised approximately 34% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio, and include Banco’s non-traditional single-family residential loans, which were approximately 3% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. ● Commercial real estate loans – Repayment is dependent on income being generated in amounts sufficient to cover operating expenses and debt service. These loans also involve greater risk because they are generally not fully amortizing over a loan period, but rather have a balloon payment due at maturity. A borrower’s ability to make a balloon payment typically will depend on being able to either refinance the loan or timely sell the underlying property. As of March 31, 2020, commercial real estate loans comprised approximately 34% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. ● Commercial loans – Repayment is generally dependent upon the successful operation of the borrower’s business. In addition, the collateral securing the loans may depreciate over time, be difficult to appraise, be illiquid or fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. As of March 31, 2020, commercial loans comprised approximately 12% of the Bank’s total loan portfolio. Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non-accrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all of the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. The following tables present an age analysis of past due loans, by loan type, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019: March 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 1,055 — 1,055 104,884 105,939 — Single-family residential 5,559 268 5,827 265,662 271,489 34 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 5,366 455 5,821 24,066 29,887 — Commercial 1,526 175 1,701 299,789 301,490 — Multifamily and farmland — — — 48,191 48,191 — Total real estate loans 13,506 898 14,404 742,592 756,996 34 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 702 254 956 103,265 104,221 — Farm loans 93 — 93 951 1,044 — Consumer loans 119 3 122 8,119 8,241 — All other loans — — — 10,062 10,062 — Total loans $ 14,420 1,155 15,575 864,989 880,564 34 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 803 — 803 91,793 92,596 — Single-family residential 3,000 126 3,126 266,349 269,475 — Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 4,834 413 5,247 25,546 30,793 — Commercial 504 176 680 290,575 291,255 — Multifamily and farmland — — — 48,090 48,090 — Total real estate loans 9,141 715 9,856 722,353 732,209 — Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 432 — 432 99,831 100,263 — Farm loans — — — 1,033 1,033 — Consumer loans 170 22 192 8,240 8,432 — All other loans — — — 7,937 7,937 — Total loans $ 9,743 737 10,480 839,394 849,874 — The following table presents non-accrual loans as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ — — Single-family residential 1,132 1,378 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 1,946 1,764 Commercial 476 256 Total real estate loans 3,554 3,398 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 378 122 Consumer loans 34 33 Total $ 3,966 3,553 At each reporting period, the Bank determines which loans are impaired. Accordingly, the Bank’s impaired loans are reported at their estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis. An allowance for each impaired loan that is collateral-dependent is calculated based on the fair value of its collateral. The fair value of the collateral is based on appraisals performed by REAS, a subsidiary of the Bank. REAS is staffed by certified appraisers that also perform appraisals for other companies. Factors, including the assumptions and techniques utilized by the appraiser, are considered by management. If the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds the measure of fair value of the collateral, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan losses. An allowance for each impaired loan that is not collateral dependent is calculated based on the present value of projected cash flows. If the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds the present value of projected cash flows, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan losses. Impaired loans under $250,000 are not individually evaluated for impairment with the exception of the Bank’s troubled debt restructured (“TDR”) loans in the residential mortgage loan portfolio, which are individually evaluated for impairment. Accruing impaired loans were $22.8 million, $21.3 million and $22.1 million at March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively. Interest income recognized on accruing impaired loans was $329,000, $1.3 million, and $342,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, the year ended December 31, 2019 and the three months ended March 31, 2019, respectively. No interest income is recognized on non-accrual impaired loans subsequent to their classification as non-accrual. The following table presents impaired loans as of March 31, 2020: March 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans Related Allowance Average Outstanding Impaired Loans YTD Interest Income Recognized Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 180 — 180 180 8 182 3 Single-family residential 5,027 397 4,189 4,586 36 4,615 58 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 14,767 1,034 12,930 13,964 926 14,168 228 Commercial 3,260 — 3,243 3,243 19 2,557 29 Multifamily and farmland — — — — — — — Total impaired real estate loans 23,234 1,431 20,542 21,973 989 21,522 318 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 702 90 606 696 35 436 9 Consumer loans 92 — 87 87 2 91 2 Total impaired loans $ 24,028 1,521 21,235 22,756 1,026 22,049 329 The following table presents impaired loans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019: December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans Related Allowance Average Outstanding Impaired Loans YTD Interest Income Recognized Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 183 — 183 183 7 231 12 Single-family residential 5,152 403 4,243 4,646 36 4,678 269 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional 15,165 — 14,371 14,371 944 14,925 956 Commercial 1,879 — 1,871 1,871 7 1,822 91 Total impaired real estate loans 22,379 403 20,668 21,071 994 21,656 1,328 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 180 92 84 176 — 134 9 Consumer loans 100 — 96 96 2 105 7 Total impaired loans $ 22,659 495 20,848 21,343 996 21,895 1,344 Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Unallocated Total Three months ended March 31, 2020 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 694 1,274 1,073 1,305 120 688 — 138 1,388 6,680 Charge-offs (5 ) — — (7 ) — (31 ) — (167 ) — (210 ) Recoveries 2 16 — 23 — 25 — 55 — 121 Provision 602 423 11 478 (2 ) 335 — 154 (480 ) 1,521 Ending balance $ 1,293 1,713 1,084 1,799 118 1,017 — 180 908 8,112 Allowance for loan losses March 31, 2020 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 2 6 906 9 — 29 — — — 952 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 1,291 1,707 178 1,790 118 988 — 180 908 7,160 Ending balance $ 1,293 1,713 1,084 1,799 118 1,017 — 180 908 8,112 Loans March 31, 2020: Ending balance $ 105,939 271,489 29,887 301,490 48,191 104,221 1,044 18,303 — 880,564 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 8 1,678 12,489 2,095 — 344 — — — 16,614 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 105,931 269,811 17,398 299,395 48,191 103,877 1,044 18,303 — 863,950 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Unallocated Total Three months ended March 31, 2019 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 813 1,325 1,177 1,278 83 626 — 161 982 6,445 Charge-offs — (13 ) — — — (1 ) — (150 ) — (164 ) Recoveries 1 48 — 4 — 6 — 43 — 102 Provision 17 (104 ) (3 ) 10 15 (21 ) — 108 156 178 Ending balance $ 831 1,256 1,174 1,292 98 610 — 162 1,138 6,561 Allowance for loan losses March 31, 2019 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ — 2 1,008 13 — — — — — 1,023 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 831 1,254 166 1,279 98 610 — 162 1,138 5,538 Ending balance $ 831 1,256 1,174 1,292 98 610 — 162 1,138 6,561 Loans March 31, 2019: Ending balance $ 95,219 255,338 33,717 278,619 39,106 101,572 984 19,002 — 823,557 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 95 1,758 14,127 1,658 — 63 — — — 17,701 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 95,124 253,580 19,590 276,961 39,106 101,509 984 19,002 — 805,856 The provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $1.5 million, compared to $178,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase in the provision for loan losses is primarily attributable to increases in the qualitative factors applied in the Company’s Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (“ALLL”) model due to the impact to the current economic implications and rising unemployment rate from the COVID-19 pandemic and a $57.0 million increase in loans from March 31, 2019 to March 31, 2020. The ALLL model also includes reserves on $57.4 million in loans with payment modifications made in March 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Loans with payment modifications associated with the COVID-19 pandemic include $51.5 million in loans secured by real estate, $5.1 million in commercial loans not secured by real estate and $764,000 in consumer loans not secured by real estate at March 31, 2020. These payment modifications are primarily interest only payments for three to six months. Loan payment modifications associated with the COVID-19 pandemic are not classified as TDR due to Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), which provides that a qualified loan modification is exempt by law from classification as a TDR pursuant to GAAP. The Company utilizes an internal risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 8. These risk grades are evaluated on an ongoing basis. A description of the general characteristics of the eight risk grades is as follows: ● Risk Grade 1 – Excellent Quality: Loans are well above average quality and a minimal amount of credit risk exists. Certificates of deposit or cash secured loans or properly margined actively traded stock or bond secured loans would fall in this grade. ● Risk Grade 2 – High Quality: Loans are of good quality with risk levels well within the Company’s range of acceptability. The organization or individual is established with a history of successful performance though somewhat susceptible to economic changes. ● Risk Grade 3 – Good Quality: Loans of average quality with risk levels within the Company’s range of acceptability but higher than normal. This may be a new organization or an existing organization in a transitional phase (e.g. expansion, acquisition, market change). ● Risk Grade 4 – Management Attention: These loans have higher risk and servicing needs but still are acceptable. Evidence of marginal performance or deteriorating trends is observed. These are not problem credits presently, but may be in the future if the borrower is unable to change its present course. ● Risk Grade 5 – Watch: These loans are currently performing satisfactorily, but there has been some recent past due history on repayment and there are potential weaknesses that may, if not corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s position at some future date. ● Risk Grade 6 – Substandard: A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged (if there is any). There is a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. There is a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. ● Risk Grade 7 – Doubtful: Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified as Substandard, plus the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful is a temporary grade where a loss is expected but is presently not quantified with any degree of accuracy. Once the loss position is determined, the amount is charged off. ● Risk Grade 8 – Loss: Loans classified as Loss are considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this worthless loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future. Loss is a temporary grade until the appropriate authority is obtained to charge the loan off. The following tables present the credit risk profile of each loan type based on internally assigned risk grades as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019: March 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer All Other Total 1- Excellent Quality $ 65 8,378 — — — 353 — 672 — 9,468 2- High Quality 33,845 129,848 — 22,109 220 20,070 — 2,523 1,785 210,400 3- Good Quality 63,525 108,720 11,685 237,118 42,810 75,457 964 4,558 7,557 552,394 4- Management Attention 5,454 18,167 13,351 38,116 4,626 7,625 80 435 720 88,574 5- Watch 2,988 3,405 1,938 3,289 535 288 — 8 — 12,451 6- Substandard 62 2,971 2,913 858 — 428 — 45 — 7,277 7- Doubtful — — — — — — — — — — 8- Loss — — — — — — — — — — Total $ 105,939 271,489 29,887 301,490 48,191 104,221 1,044 8,241 10,062 880,564 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single-Family Residential Single-Family Residential - Banco de la Gente non-traditional Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer All Other Total 1- Excellent Quality $ — 8,819 — — — 330 — 693 — 9,842 2- High Quality 32,029 128,757 — 21,829 256 20,480 — 2,708 1,860 207,919 3- Good Quality 52,009 107,246 12,103 231,003 42,527 72,417 948 4,517 5,352 528,122 4- Management Attention 5,487 18,409 13,737 35,095 4,764 6,420 85 458 725 85,180 5- Watch 3,007 3,196 2,027 3,072 543 492 — 8 — 12,345 6- Substandard 64 3,048 2,926 256 — 124 — 48 — 6,466 7- Doubtful — — — — — — — — — — 8- Loss — — — — — — — — — — Total $ 92,596 269,475 30,793 291,255 48,090 100,263 1,033 8,432 7,937 849,874 Current year TDR modifications, past due TDR loans and non-accrual TDR loans totaled $4.8 million and $4.3 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The terms of these loans have been renegotiated to provide a concession to original terms, including a reduction in principal or interest as a result of the deteriorating financial position of the borrower. There was zero in performing loans classified as TDR loans at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. There were no new TDR modifications during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. There were no loans modified as TDR that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, which were within 12 months of their modification date. Generally, a TDR loan is considered to be in default once it becomes 90 days or more past due following a modification. |