(5) | | The cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, net of income tax, of $329 million, which decreased retained earnings at January 1, 2007, resulted from $292 million related to the adoption ofSOP 05-1,Accounting by Insurance Enterprises for Deferred Acquisition Costs in Connection with Modifications or Exchanges of Insurance Contracts,and $37 million related to the adoption of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48,Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes — An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109. The cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, net of income tax, of $27 million, which increased retained earnings at January 1, 2008, resulted from the adoption of SFAS No. 159,The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities(“SFAS 159”). |
(6) | | The cumulative effect of a change in accounting, net of income tax, of $744 million resulted from the adoption of SFAS No. 158,Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans,which decreased accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 2006. The cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, net of income tax, of $10 million resulted from the adoption of SFAS 159, which decreased accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at January 1, 2008. |
(8) | | As a result of the implementation of SFAS 160, which required retrospective application of presentation requirements, total equity at December 31, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004 increased by $251 million, $1,806 million, $1,448 million, $1,291 million and $1,145 million, respectively, representing noncontrolling interests, and other liabilities and total liabilities at December 31, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004 decreased by $251 million, $1,806 million, $1,448 million, $1,291 million and $1,145 million, respectively, as a result of the elimination of noncontrolling interests. Also as a result of the adoption of SFAS 160, income from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004 increased by $69 million, $148 million, $147 million, $97 million and $98 million, respectively, and net income attributable to noncontrolling interests for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004 increased by $69 million, $148 million, $147 million, $97 million and $98 million, respectively. |