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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008
Or
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number: 000-51349
Advanced Analogic Technologies Incorporated
(Exact Name of Registrant As Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware | 77-0462930 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
3230 Scott Boulevard, Santa Clara, CA 95054 (408) 737-4600
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Including Zip Code and Telephone Number)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ¨ | Accelerated Filer x | Non-accelerated filer ¨ | Smaller reporting company ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of the close of business on June 30, 2008 was approximately $156,000,000. There were 46,055,302 shares of the Registrant’s common stock issued and 42,891,012 shares outstanding as of February 20, 2009.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Part III incorporates by reference certain information from the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement (the “2009 Proxy Statement”) for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed on or before April 30, 2009.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements. When used in this Form 10-K, the words “anticipate,” “objective,” “may,” “might,” “should,” “could,” “can,” “intend,” “expect,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “plan,” “is designed to” or the negative of these and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
• | our expectations regarding our expenses, sales and operations; |
• | our anticipated cash needs and our estimates regarding our capital requirements and our need for additional financing; |
• | our ability to anticipate the future needs of our customers; |
• | our plans for future products and enhancements of existing products; |
• | our growth strategy elements; |
• | our increased headcount as we expand our operations; |
• | our intellectual property; |
• | our anticipated trends and challenges in the markets in which we operate; and |
• | our ability to attract customers. |
These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risk and uncertainties. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. While we believe our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in those forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that these plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. Our actual results, performance or achievements could differ materially from those contemplated, expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including those under the heading “Risk Factors.”
All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Other than as required by applicable laws, we are under no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as result of new information, future events or otherwise.
This Annual Report on Form 10-K also contains statistical data that we obtained from industry publications and reports generated by Gartner, Inc. and Global Insight, Inc. These industry publications and reports generally indicate that the information contained therein was obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but do not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of such information. Although we believe that the publications and reports are reliable, we have not independently verified the data.
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ADVANCED ANALOGIC TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED
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Page | ||||
Item 1. | 1 | |||
Item 1A. | 20 | |||
Item 1B. | 33 | |||
Item 2. | 33 | |||
Item 3. | 33 | |||
Item 4. | 34 | |||
PART II | ||||
Item 5. | 35 | |||
Item 6. | 37 | |||
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 38 | ||
Item 7A. | 52 | |||
Item 8. | 54 | |||
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 90 | ||
Item 9A. | 90 | |||
Item 9B. | 91 | |||
PART III | ||||
Item 10. | 93 | |||
Item 11. | 93 | |||
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 93 | ||
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 93 | ||
Item 14. | 93 | |||
PART IV | ||||
Item 15. | 94 | |||
96 |
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Overview
We are a supplier of power management semiconductors for consumer, communications and computing electronic devices, such as wireless handsets, notebook and tablet computers, smartphones, camera phones, digital cameras, personal media players, Bluetooth headphones and accessories, digital TVs, set top boxes and displays. We focus our design and marketing efforts on the application-specific power management needs in these rapidly-evolving devices. Through our Total Power Management approach, we offer a broad range of products that support multiple applications, features and services across a diverse set of electronic devices. We sell directly to original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, including Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., LG Electronics, Inc., Sony Ericsson and ZTE Corporation. We sell through distributors to original design manufacturers, or ODMs, to contract manufacturers, and to other system designers, including USI Corporation, Longcheer Holdings Ltd., Tianyu Communication Equipment Co., Ltd, Foxconn Electronics, Inc. and Gemtek Technology Co. Ltd. In some instances, we also sell directly to contract manufacturers such as Flextronics International Ltd. Reference design based sales like those associated with Broadcom chipsets for Apple, Dell and HP are sold through distribution to contract manufacturers and ODMs.
Industry Background
Consumer Electronic Devices
The market for consumer electronic devices, such as wireless handsets, notebook and tablet computers, smartphones, digital cameras and personal media players, is large and growing rapidly as functionality increases and prices decrease. As an example, wireless handsets, which can incorporate multiple applications such as digital cameras and movie capability, digital audio and video, polyphonic ring tones, text messaging, internet access, electronic gaming and decorative lighting, are among the most widely adopted electronic devices today. According to Gartner, Inc., a market research firm, mobile phone sales reached one billion units in 2007.
A diverse range of consumer electronic devices is being manufactured in high volume, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. This region offers competitive manufacturing costs and extensive product development resources. According to Global Insight, an economic research firm, the Asia-Pacific region is one of the fastest growing economic regions in the world, and we believe an increasing number of electronic products are being designed there especially for domestic consumption in People’s Republic of China (China), Republic of China (Taiwan), Japan and Republic of Korea (South Korea).
New services for mobile consumer electronic devices, such as digital music downloads, video downloads, video messaging, video streaming, mobile TV, Global Positioning System-based personal navigation, and web-based gaming, are helping drive consumer demand for these devices worldwide. These new services are becoming more robust, affordable and accessible on wireless handsets, smartphones and other devices with connectivity to high-bandwidth, third- and fourth-generation wireless networks supporting high-speed packet formats HSDPA and HSUPA, broadband formats such as WiMax and digital video broadcast services such as DMB. Certain applications and features that facilitate use of these services, such as high-quality color displays and high-capacity memory for photos, music, video including TV content, games and other content, have already become broadly accepted and, we believe, expected by many consumers. In response to these market dynamics, manufacturers of mobile consumer electronic devices and service providers marketing these devices are incorporating an increasing number of applications, features and services.
As the number of applications, features and services available for consumer electronic devices increases, the number and variety of power loads, or individual subsystems requiring voltage regulation and power management, has also grown. Each additional application or feature can require multiple functions and circuits that, in turn, require more individually-regulated and managed power sources. For example, the addition of a
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camera into a mobile consumer electronic device requires powering as many as three additional regulated power loads: a photo-flash light, a camera image sensor and an image processor. Convergent devices that combine many consumer, communications and computing applications into a single device, such as a smartphone, incorporate even greater functionality and must accommodate as many as 25 different power loads. All of these additional loads reduce battery life, the duration of which is an important element of consumer satisfaction, as they each draw power for operation. Additional power is consumed and battery operating time is reduced if components that supply and regulate power to all of these various power loads are inefficient. Therefore, high-performance power management semiconductors that extend battery operating time by improving power efficiency have become key enablers of consumer electronic device functionality.
Feature convergence is also becoming prevalent in non-portable consumer devices such as high definition television and set top boxes. For example, advanced set top boxes combine a computer controlled internet access and a graphics user interface with satellite or cable decoding circuitry and extensive hard-drive based video recording and playback capability. Advanced high-definition televisions (“HDTV”) integrate Blu-Ray DVD high definition video with class-D switching audio amplifiers and high-contrast large-screen LCD-panels employing light emitting diode, or LED, backlighting instead of bulky and inefficient cold-cathode fluorescent lights.
The convergence of communications and computing with consumer electronics has emerged as a significant market driver. Combined with the need for reducing size and weight, improving safety and robust operation, and developing more energy-efficient products, the evolution of consumer electronics requiring power management is diverse.
While we believe the long-term prospects for convergent devices remain positive, starting in 2008 the consumer electronics market showed signs of slowing sales driven by global macroeconomic weakness and recessionary fears. This downward market trend continued unabated throughout the year resulting in both unit sales declines and greater competitive pricing pressure throughout the consumer electronics and semiconductor industries.
Power Management Semiconductors
Power management semiconductors deliver power and regulate voltage, controlling the flow of electrical energy among the various power loads and energy sources in a product or system. Power management semiconductors play a crucial role in system design because they are critical to battery life and impact the size, performance, and safety of a consumer electronic device. According to Gartner, Inc., the voltage regulator and reference power management semiconductor market is expected to grow from $7.7 billion in 2006 to $10.8 billion in 2011, a compound annual growth rate of 7%. Longer term, we believe that demand for power management and voltage regulation in consumer electronic devices will continue to grow, but like all consumer-related businesses, it is not immune to short-term economic conditions and temporary fluctuations or declines in demand. Despite these factors, power management semiconductors remain an indispensable element of electronic devices, driven by the need for longer battery life and greater energy efficiency.
Power management semiconductors vary in functionality, application specificity, design, pricing and volume of sales and may be categorized as follows:
• | General Purpose Analog ICs: The most basic analog semiconductor components, general purpose analog ICs, are analog building blocks such as voltage references and amplifiers used to perform generic analog and power management functions. Sold through broad-line semiconductor parts catalogs, general purpose analog ICs address standard functions with little differentiation and compete primarily on the basis of price and availability. These products typically are bought and sold with little interaction between the system designer and semiconductor supplier. They are most commonly employed in applications where size and weight are not critical. Switching regulators, commonly called DC-DC regulators, are general purpose analog ICs which provide voltage and current control at higher efficiency than the basic analog semiconductor components. As a result of their complexity and higher |
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performance, they typically require power expertise to implement and require interaction between the system designer and semiconductor supplier. Switching solutions are typically applied to applications where higher performance is required to provide more power, improve efficiency and/or meet space constraints. |
• | Power Management ASSPs: Power management application-specific standard products, or Power Management ASSPs, integrate multiple analog building blocks and are designed to focus on specific, narrowly defined applications such as battery charging and backlight drive to achieve the desired balance of cost and performance for a given application. More highly integrated Power Management ASSPs also known as power management units, or PMUs, and power management ICs, or PMICs, occupy less space than the analog ICs they replace and provide system designers efficiency and performance benefits associated with products focused on a specific application or a narrow group of applications. Power Management ASSPs are integrated into systems with a wide range of varying parameters and as a result, typically require closer collaboration between the system designer and semiconductor supplier than general purpose analog ICs. Power Management ASSPs are used extensively in today’s mobile consumer electronic devices to extend battery life and reduce product size. |
• | PowerSOCs: Power system-on-chip integrated circuits, or PowerSOCs, a relatively new concept in Power Management ASSP design, integrate multiple analog functions with digital control and memory to provide new features and cost-effective performance improvements. PowerSOCs may utilize user-defined or software-based programmability for even greater customer-specific customization, but can be sold to multiple customers and into multiple markets. PowerSOCs mix multiple application-oriented functions, such as voltage regulation, backlight drive, battery charging and interface functions into a single semiconductor chip to achieve smaller size, lower noise, higher efficiency and higher levels of functionality. As a result of design times and their high cost of manufacturing using currently available wafer fabrication technologies, PowerSOCs have thus far been limited to high-volume applications. PowerSOCs offer their greatest advantage to portable products where size and weight are crucial. |
Power Management ASSPs, while addressing the broad consumer electronic device market, are more application-specific and integrate more functions than general purpose analog ICs. Although more specialized semiconductor architectures exist, they are typically custom designed for and limited to, a single application for a single customer. Moreover, these full custom designs can take one to two years to complete and debug, suffering from both product delays and substantial technical risk. As an alternative to such expensive customer-specific semiconductor design, we believe that less specialized “mini-PMUs” and more flexible user-programmable PowerSOCs can provide high-performance space saving components having customer-specific features with reduced development and application risk.
Power Management Semiconductor Design and Fabrication
Power management semiconductors are designed primarily as analog circuits to support a wide and continuous range of input and output voltages and currents. In electronic devices, the voltage and current of the battery or other power source, or input, may vary significantly, while semiconductors and other components requiring power often cannot tolerate the magnitude or variation in a battery’s voltage. Digital semiconductors, including, for example, logic, digital signal processors, memory, image processors, baseband processors and microprocessors, typically operate at three volts or less and cannot be connected directly to the power source.
Interposed between the power source and these components are one or more power management semiconductors performing a variety of dedicated functions, such as voltage regulation. A voltage regulator maintains a constant output voltage at specified levels despite variations in the power source voltage, load current or temperature. Such power management semiconductors generally operate at varying input voltages in the range of three to six volts and in some circumstances as high as 40 or even 72 volts. Other applications may operate with input voltages as low as one volt. Output voltages may be lower or higher than a regulator’s voltage input, requiring step-down or step-up voltage conversion techniques, respectively.
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Power management semiconductors also provide other functions, including current control, current limiting, port protection and battery charging. For example, in portable applications, LEDs typically require three to four volts and a power management semiconductor is required to convert the battery voltage to a higher value and provide a constant driving current to the LEDs even as the battery voltage declines over time. Batteries also require well-controlled currents and voltages while charging to avoid damaging their electrochemical cells. Similarly, USB ports on notebook computers require current limiting to protect against electrical shorts and fire hazards.
Several different process technologies are available for designing and fabricating analog and digital ICs. Of these, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor, or CMOS, is the most widely used process technology, especially for purely digital ICs. CMOS processes are described in terms of feature size, or geometry and are measured in microns. One micron equals one millionth of a meter. The most advanced process technologies today achieve feature sizes of 0.13 micron, 0.08 micron and smaller. However, small feature size circuits can become damaged when exposed to high voltages and therefore power management semiconductors are typically fabricated using larger feature sizes. Similar in construction to its smaller line-width digital counterpart, analog CMOS has a voltage rating that depends on the minimum feature size of its CMOS transistors. For this reason, older wafer fabs, having feature sizes of 0.8 micron and 1.2 microns or greater, have traditionally sufficed in fabricating power management ICs operating at higher voltages, while the most advanced and most expensive wafer fabs are used for digital ICs and non-power management analog ICs.
During the late 1990s, many former state-of-the-art wafer fabs designed to produce dynamic random access memory, or DRAM, at the 0.5 micron and 0.35 micron feature size began to be replaced by newer wafer fabs capable of even smaller feature sizes. At that time, these older generally fully-depreciated DRAM wafer fabs, no longer usable for memory, started to become available on a specialty foundry basis, especially for LCD display drivers, camera image sensors and select analog applications. AnalogicTech was one of the first fabless semiconductor companies to recognize this opportunity and launched its product development efforts using advanced analog CMOS in power semiconductors.
By adapting CMOS at half-micron line widths for analog operation, advanced analog CMOS with five volt capability made possible the development of power management products useful for most single-cell lithium ion battery applications. These new ICs offered higher performance and smaller die sizes than what was previously available from bipolar and larger-geometry CMOS processes produced in conventional legacy fabs using high temperature processing. Like digital CMOS, advanced analog CMOS uses low-temperature processing to achieve low product costs, especially benefiting from large-diameter silicon wafers, a large number of silicon die per wafer and high electrical yields. High temperatures cause large diameter silicon wafers to warp and severely impact yields. Low temperature wafer fabrication capability, while common in former DRAM fabs, is not prevalent in older high-temperature legacy fabs. Nearly a decade after we started our first product development, only a limited number of wafer fabs support half-micron advanced analog CMOS in high-volume manufacturing. We manufacture a significant number of our single-function power management products using this advanced analog CMOS.
Despite its advantages in size and cost, advanced analog CMOS shares certain disadvantages with older CMOS predecessors, especially for use in power management semiconductors. Significant expertise is required to design analog circuits in advanced analog CMOS. CMOS lacks the ability to implement robust rugged power devices, especially operating at higher voltages, for example over six volts. Application support is often needed to prevent electrical overstress from damaging devices. Analog CMOS also lacks electrical isolation, the ability to divide an integrated circuit into distinct pockets of transistors operating at different voltages and prevent unwanted interaction between devices and circuits. Integrating multiple functions operating at different voltages is problematic in analog CMOS.
Advanced analog CMOS is best suited for producing ICs that are voltage-specific, meaning they operate best over a narrow voltage range and typically with voltages not exceeding six volts. We believe that there is an
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emerging demand, driven by the increasing number of applications and features in mobile consumer electronic devices, for power management devices that are capable of supporting both multiple on-chip voltages and voltages that exceed six volts. For example, the newest-generation of battery chargers needs to operate reliably at voltages as high as seven volts during charging and survive over-voltages as high as 28 volts in a fault condition. We believe analog CMOS is not a suitable technology platform for the future development of high-voltage, multi-voltage and highly integrated power management products.
Today’s alternative to analog CMOS is epitaxial BCD technology, also commonly known as high-temperature junction-isolated BCD. Theoretically, BCD technology is better suited for integrated analog and mixed signal circuitry than pure CMOS processes because of its capability to provide electrical isolation of devices and circuits. An acronym for bipolar-CMOS-DMOS, high-temperature epitaxial BCD integrates bipolar transistors, which are devices good for precision analog circuitry and voltage references, with analog CMOS, a process good for digital and low-power analog circuits. DMOS power transistors are considerably more robust than conventional CMOS transistors, especially at higher voltages.
While epitaxial BCD processes have been used since the early 1980s, their commercial adoption remains limited, primarily due to intrinsic weaknesses including the need for high process complexity, long and high temperature wafer processes and a reliance on expensive and exotic wafer fabrication steps such as epitaxial deposition. Epitaxial deposition, which is growing a new layer of silicon atop a partially processed silicon wafer, is a slow and expensive process, which on occasion results in crystalline defects and low or variable product yield. Because of the extra processing steps, epitaxial-based BCD processes also require longer fab cycle times than CMOS processes and reduce manufacturing throughput and slow product development.
To be cost optimized, epitaxial BCD wafer processes must be matched to the operating voltage of an application. In epitaxial BCD, the thickness and the impurity concentration of the epitaxial layer must be chosen to support the highest on-chip voltage. Epitaxy properties affect the design rules and the electrical properties of every device on the wafer. Since higher voltage designs require thicker layers and larger device spacing, epitaxial BCD processes must be optimized for one specific voltage. Mixing circuits of differing voltages in epitaxial BCD processes requires undesirable compromises which can lead to larger die, reduced performance devices and lower efficiency circuits. Moreover, since BCD technologies require high temperature wafer fabrication, they are generally relegated to manufacture in larger line-width legacy fabs and are not compatible with the fine-line equipment sets common in former DRAM fabs. In many instances, products designed on epitaxial BCD processes have no advantage over analog CMOS and may in fact be significantly larger and more expensive.
We believe that one or more new process technologies will be required to support multi-voltage and higher-voltage power management semiconductors. In order to develop such a process technology, a number of requirements must be satisfied, including the need for device and process expertise in advanced analog CMOS or other analog process technologies, process compatibility with low-cost sub-half-micron fabs and power management semiconductor design expertise.
The AnalogicTech Approach
We are a supplier of power management semiconductors for consumer, communications and computing electronic devices, such as wireless handsets, notebook and tablet computers, smartphones, camera phones, digital cameras, personal media players, Bluetooth headphones and accessories, digital TVs, set top boxes and displays. We focus our design and marketing efforts on the application-specific power management needs in these rapidly-evolving devices. Through our Total Power Management approach, we offer a broad range of products that support multiple applications, features and services across a diverse set of electronic devices. We target our design efforts on proprietary products, which at the time we introduce them offer characteristics that differentiate them from those offered by our competitors and which we believe are likely to generate high-volume demand from multiple customers.
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We currently offer an extensive portfolio of over 650 power management products comprising Power Management ASSPs and selected general-purpose Analog ICs in single-chip packages and multi-chip packages including PowerSOC products. We released approximately 70 new products in 2008. Critical elements in power management and our approach to address them include:
• | Focusing on the market for consumer electronic devices: Our target markets are characterized by rapid innovation and frequent new product releases for a diverse set of devices, including wireless handsets, smartphones, notebook, netbook and tablet computers, digital cameras, personal media players, global positioning and personal navigation devices, digital picture frames, set top boxes and LCD televisions. These devices often compete on an array of different applications, features and services. These factors make it challenging to identify application parameters, forecast application adoption and define power management semiconductor products. |
Our approach: Through a network of offices located in South Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan, Europe and the United States, our technical salespeople and field applications engineers, or FAEs, work with the system design, engineering and procurement groups of our customers and potential customers to identify future product needs and define new products. Based on these ongoing global customer interactions, we establish engineering priorities for new product design and development. We believe our global focus on power management semiconductors for consumer electronic devices enables us to anticipate customer and market requirements for these devices more quickly and thoroughly than local suppliers and more diversified semiconductor suppliers. We believe our “Do what it takes” corporate mentality reduces time-to-market, enabling us to take advantage of rapidly changing market dynamics.
Our growth strategy involves three elements, to maintain revenues in our existing markets and applications such as LED lighting in handheld devices, to penetrate new applications in existing markets such as battery charging in cell phones, and to selectively enter totally new markets such as high definition televisions. For example, starting in the latter half of 2008, we expanded our new product development efforts in an attempt to diversify our revenue beyond handsets and handheld devices into new markets such as high definition television and netbook computers.
• | Developing advanced power management semiconductors: Power management semiconductors must be defined and designed to compete on the basis of functional integration, size, efficiency, robustness, safety, features, cost, ease-of-use for system designers and their ability to be integrated into a system, package or chip. |
Our approach: We integrate functions from our general purpose analog ICs into our Power Management ASSPs and our PowerSOCs. Our experienced analog semiconductor engineering team designs our products to be characterized by high functional integration, small size, high efficiency, robust features, low cost, ease of use and system integration. Our application and market-focused engineering approach has enabled us to develop a number of innovations and proprietary technologies that are of particular benefit for consumer electronic device power management. One example of our innovative design approach is our proprietary simple-serial-control interface, or S2Cwire and AS2Cwire, which allows system designers to enable real-time user control of various features such as LED backlight dimming, adjustable battery charging and programmable-output voltage regulators. Other examples include battery chargers that combine 28V over-voltage protection with smart charging techniques that charge a LiIon battery at an optimum rate while avoiding overheating or drawing too much current from a power source, USB port, or AC adapter. In televisions, our newest high voltage LED driver products give the user the ability to independently set the brightness of each strong of LEDs with over one million levels of brightness and to synchronize the backlight driver’s timing to any TV vertical sync signal from 60 Hz up to 480 Hz.
• | Inventing multi-voltage and high-voltage process technology: The need to manage different power loads at different voltages cost-effectively is an emerging requirement in the power management semiconductor market for next-generation mobile consumer electronic devices. Current multi-voltage solutions are either large multi-chip packaging solutions or complex single-chip isolated ICs that are |
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expensive and difficult to manufacture. We believe that power management semiconductor suppliers will therefore need to develop new approaches employing more advanced process technologies and cost effective manufacturing techniques, especially to implement highly integrated power management products. Examples of multi-voltage applications requiring a mix of high voltage and significant low-voltage analog and digital circuitry include complex 40V driver ICs for HDTVs with matrix-LED backlighting and complex PMUs for GPS personal navigation devices. |
Our approach: To address multi-voltage, high-voltage and PowerSOC power management products, we invented and patented a new process which we call ModularBCD™. This process is designed especially for fabrication in former DRAM fabs 0.35 microns and smaller and is capable of integrating CMOS and bipolar circuits with different voltages, electrically isolated from one another. Since ModularBCD is not an epitaxial process, it does not experience the drawbacks in cost, manufacturing throughput and size penalties that traditional epitaxial processes suffer. Unlike traditional BCD technologies requiring wide isolation regions determined by the highest on-chip voltage, ModularBCD is capable of mixing 5V, 12V, 30V and even 60V devices and circuitry each isolated in a floating island and optimized for the smallest possible area within each island. We continue to increase the number of products utilizing ModularBCD and currently have approximately 50 new products in development in ModularBCD. In 2008, we released 25 products that use the ModularBCD process. These products include all of our more complex Power Management Units (PMUs) and Power System-On-a-Chip (PowerSOC) products. By the end of 2008, sales of products utilizing ModularBCD have grown to represent approximately 19% of our quarterly revenue. Most recent multi-voltage product development efforts in ModularBCD include over-voltage protected battery chargers, a single inductor dual polarity active matrix OLED power supply, and fully-integrated high voltage LED backlight drivers for HDTVs and notebook LCD panels.
• | Offering high performance products in small packages: As consumer electronic devices support more applications, features and services with limited space and limited battery capacity, it is becoming increasingly important to offer smaller, higher-efficiency power management semiconductors, assembled in area-efficient packages and requiring fewer components to use. |
Our approach: To provide smaller products with higher integration and efficiency, we have implemented an outsourced fabrication model to manufacture our products at half-micron geometries and below. Specifically, we contract with specialty foundries with former DRAM fabs manufacturing advanced analog CMOS and, under license, producing wafers using our proprietary ModularBCD process technology. We have spent significant time and engineering resources collaborating with our suppliers to simulate, characterize and, as necessary, adapt these processes to enable us to design and develop our products for higher performance and smaller die size. We also capture the operational and financial benefits of the fabless model, including reduced manufacturing personnel, low capital expenditures and minimal fixed assets and fixed costs. We use and develop area-efficient and multi-chip packages to meet more complex power management needs in a smaller footprint. Combining our analog CMOS and ModularBCD power management ICs with one or more discrete vertical TrenchDMOS devices, we are able to increase the maximum current capability of our packaged parts beyond the limits of a purely monolithic approach.
• | Total Power Management approach: Designing and manufacturing any modern consumer electronic device requires system design expertise, adequate time and other resources as well as effective management of multiple suppliers. Furthermore, each consumer electronic device can have many power loads and each load may have different power management characteristics. These system design and manufacturing requirements and variety of power loads create resource burdens on our customers, system designers and manufacturers. |
Our approach: Our “Total Power Management” strategy is intended to provide our customers with products for most or all of their power management requirements for each consumer electronic device on which we focus. We believe our broad range of Power Management ASSPs and components derived from our general purpose analog ICs offer a flexible solution to our customers’ power management requirements, saving space, reducing component count in the system and offering a single vendor
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solution for mobile consumer electronic devices. We believe that our PowerSOC solutions currently being sampled or in development integrate a wide variety of power management functions, offering improved efficiency, smaller size and real-time user control of their power consumption and power performance.
Our Total Power Management circuit portfolio supports functions including: voltage regulation and DC/DC conversion, over-voltage protected battery charging, power saving SmartSwitch functions, interface and port protection, and display and lighting solutions including low-voltage and high-voltage LED backlighting, high-current LED camera flash and active-matrix OLED power supplies. Recent efforts include circuitry for large screen LCD biasing including Vcom trimming and gamma correction. These functions may be offered as single function products, mixed in various combinations, or integrated monolithically into PowerSOCs using our proprietary ModularBCD process technology.
In June 2008, we acquired Elite Micro Devices, a China-based company specializing in the design of audio products including energy-efficient class D audio amplifiers, audio codec circuitry and phase locked loop (PLL) circuits. These circuits expand the functions available in our Total Power Management portfolio and have subsequently been ported onto our proprietary process ModularBCD for use in system integration and PowerSOCs.
Products
We introduce products to address new market opportunities and to continue to improve the functional integration, size, efficiency, features, cost, ease-of-use and system integration of our solutions. We have developed a comprehensive product portfolio. Our goal is to provide our customers with proprietary, high-performance products, but have also developed a number of relatively basic products in order to provide a more complete power management solution for our customers. While we operate in one reportable segment, our product portfolio includes four principal product lines:
• | Voltage regulation and DC/DC converter products encompass switching regulators, linear regulators, or charge pumps used for regulating DC voltages. |
• | Battery management products address the charging, sequencing and protection of batteries. |
• | Display and lighting products include low-voltage and high-voltage LED drivers for display backlighting, fashion lighting, OLED supplies, low-current and high-current camera flash and movie mode lighting typically using either a boost converter or charge pump. |
• | Interface and power management products include power saving load switches, port protection, power and battery sequencing, super capacitor charging and other power management and protection functions. The acquisition of Elite Micro Devices adds energy efficient class D audio amplifiers into our portfolio of interface products. |
Examples of products we have sold, currently sell or are developing in each of our product lines include:
AnalogicTech Products
Product Family | Description | Representative Applications | ||||
Voltage Regulation and DC/DC Conversion
| ||||||
PowerLinear | MicroPower low-dropout (LDO) linear regulators | • Baseband, and RF supplies in handsets & handheld devices
• Low noise supplies in cable & DSL modems, notebook and tablet PCs | ||||
NanoPower™ low-dropout (LDO) linear regulators | • Memory, clocks, logic in notebooks, handsets, handheld devices, watches and games |
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Product Family | Description | Representative Applications | ||
ChargePump | Low-noise small-footprint inductorless DC-to-DC converters and drivers | • USB On-The-Go (OTG) self-powered interface for handheld devices, handsets, calculators and POS terminals | ||
SwitchReg | High-frequency DC-to-DC switching regulators and converters including
• Step-up (boost) regulators
• Step-down (Buck) regulators
• Up-down regulators | • Small footprint voltage regulation for handsets & handheld devices, memory cards, e-dictionaries, peripherals and USB dongles
• High-current voltage regulation for peripherals, modems, wireless LAN, set top boxes, notebooks, tablet TVs
• Low noise voltage regulation for RF power amplifiers in handsets, wireless modems and networks | ||
SystemPower | Multi-channel system solutions combining
• Switching voltage regulators
• Linear voltage regulators
• Power saving switches
• Power sequencing
• Port protection | • Mini-PMU for DSP, baseband chip set, applications processor and microprocessor core
• I/O power for handsets and handheld devices
• PowerSOC for Bluetooth accessories, DSCs, GPS, digital picture frame | ||
Battery Management
| ||||
BatteryManager | Battery chargers and battery condition monitoring including
• Linear chargers
• Multi-input dynamic chargers
• Switching chargers | • Single-cell Lithium-ion battery chargers for handsets and handheld devices (MP3, DSC, PDA)
• Over-voltage protected (OVP) charger
• 4-cell LiIon charger for notebook and tablet PCs and tablet TVs | ||
SafetySwitch | Protection against short circuit and wrong charger induced electrical over-stress (EOS) | • Dedicated over-voltage protection
• Current limiting | ||
SystemPower | Multi-channel system solutions combining
• OVP battery charger
• Voltage regulators
• Power saving switches
• Power sequencing | • PowerSOC for Bluetooth accessories, DSCs, GPS, digital picture frame (DPFs), security systems
• Mini-PMU for modem, LAN card, WiMax cards |
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Product Family | Description | Representative Applications | ||||||||||||||||
Display and Lighting Solutions
| ||||||||||||||||||
ChargePump | Low-noise small-footprint inductorless DC-to-DC converters and drivers | • White LED backlighting for color LCD displays in handheld devices, handsets, and display modules
• Camera flash with movie-lighting for camera and smart phones
• RGB decorative lighting and caller ID features
• RGB music lighting for digital audio & media players
• RGB color keypad backlight | ||||||||||||||||
SwitchReg | High-frequency DC-to-DC switching regulators | • High voltage boost converters for white LED backlight for large-format LCDs including driving multiple series-parallel connected LEDs | ||||||||||||||||
• High current LED driver for xenon flash replacement with super capacitor charger
• High voltage boost converters for powering organic LED displays including both passive-matrix (PM-OLED) and active-matrix (AM-OLED) types | ||||||||||||||||||
SystemPower | Multi-channel lighting solutions combining
• LED lighting and camera flash
• LCD or OLED bias
• Voltage regulators
• Power sequencing and dimming | • Integrated driver for LED keypad and display backlight, camera flash, and linear regulator for smartphones
• Integrated supplies and drivers for LED backlight and AM OLED sub-display in clamshell camera phones | ||||||||||||||||
Interface and Power Management
| ||||||||||||||||||
SmartSwitch | Self-protecting current-limiting switch | • USB port protection for notebook and tablet PCs, mobile phones, games, desktops, servers and USB hubs
• Hot plugging protection of PC boards & modules
• Safe hot plugging of PCMCIA Cards, Express Cards and compact-flash (CF) cards
• Super capacitor charger for PCMCIA Cards, Express Cards and compact-flash cards
• Super capacitor charger for ultra-bright LED camera flash |
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Product Family | Description | Representative Applications | ||
Slow-turn-on power saving load switch | • Intelligent power switch of RF power amp in handsets and handheld communicators
• Power saving switch in DSCs, PDAs, MP3s and other handheld devices | |||
FastSwitch | High-speed single and push-pull switches and H-bridges with input buffer | • Power output of high frequency switching regulators in handsets and handheld devices
• High-speed buffer for driving discrete power MOSFETs in power supply modules
• Half-bridge driver for small motor driving | ||
SmartInterface | Power OR switch | • Automatic battery to power supply hand-off in handsets, smartphones and PDAs
• Back-up power supply selector in distributed power systems | ||
I/O expanders | • Digitally interfaced GPIO expander for microprocessor control of analog and power routing
• Power sequencing load switch for multiple electrical loads
• RGB color control in handsets and personal media players | |||
LoadSwitch | Low-resistance P-channel power MOSFET switches | • P-ch single and dual power saving load switches for handsets and handheld devices (20V) | ||
PowerManager | Voltage references, detectors, timers and microprocessor reset ICs | • Precision voltage references
• Reset, timing and power-up sequencing of set top boxes, DVD, hard drives and peripherals |
Customers, Sales and Marketing
We work directly with system designers to create demand for our products by providing them with application-specific product information for their system design, engineering and procurement groups. Our FAEs actively engage these groups during their design processes to introduce them to our products and the target applications our products address. We endeavor to design products that will meet anticipated, increasingly complex and specific design requirements, but which will also support widespread demand for these products and future products derived from these products. We typically undertake a four to eight month development process with system designers. If successful, this process culminates in a system designer deciding to use our product in their system, which we refer to as a design win. Volume production of products that use our ICs generally takes an additional three to six months after an initial design win confirmation. Once our products are accepted and designed into an application, the system designer is likely to continue to use the same power
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architecture and derivative products in a number of their models, which tends to extend our product lifecycles. We sell directly to original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, including Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., LG Electronics, Inc., Sony Ericsson and ZTE Corporation. We sell through distributors to original design manufacturers, or ODMs, to contract manufacturers, and to other system designers, including USI Corporation, Longcheer Holdings Ltd., Tianyu Communication Equipment Co., Ltd, Foxconn Electronics, Inc. and Gemtek Technology Co. Ltd. In some instances, we also sell directly to contract manufacturers such as Flextronics International Ltd. Reference design based sales like those associated with Broadcom chipsets for Apple, Dell and HP are sold through distribution to contract manufacturers and ODMs.
We sell our products through our direct sales and applications support organization to original equipment manufacturers, original design manufacturers and contract electronics manufacturers, as well as through arrangements with distributors that fulfill third-party orders for our products. Many of our current distributors also serve as sales representatives procuring orders for us to fill directly. We receive a substantial portion of our revenues from a small number of customers. We received in aggregate, approximately 84%, 81% and 80% of our net revenue from our ten largest customers in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. LG Electronics was our largest direct customer in 2008, 2007 and 2006, representing 25%, 20% and 28% of net revenues, respectively. Sales to Samsung accounted for 20% of our net revenue in 2008 and 11% of our net revenue in both 2007 and 2006. Additionally, we sell to a number of contract manufacturers of Samsung. Total sales to Samsung and its contract manufacturers represented 36%, 25% and 20% of our net revenue for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. No single distributor accounted for more than 10% of our net revenue in 2008. One distributor, ChiefTech Electronics Limited, accounted for 6% and 15% of our net revenue in 2008 and 2007, respectively. End users of our products purchasing from us directly accounted for 67%, 54% and 56% of our net revenue in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, while distributors, original design manufacturers and contract electronics manufacturers accounted for 33%, 46% and 44% of our net revenue in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Our technical global sales and field applications force is organized in regional teams, generally each with a minimum core of three people including one country manager, one customer service representative and at least one FAE. As we have grown, we have continued to add more FAEs. We have added additional customer service personnel in regions where we ship directly to an OEM, particularly in South Korea. In addition to creating the initial demand for our products, each regional team is responsible for increasing demand from distributors, original design manufacturers, contract manufacturers and end users. As of December 31, 2008, we had a total of 82 sales and marketing personnel worldwide.
We operate sales offices in: Seoul, South Korea; Taipei (Neihu), Taiwan; Tokyo (Akasaka), Japan; Shanghai, China; Shenzhen, China; Beijing, China; Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (Hong Kong); Santa Clara, California; and London, England. In 2008, due to demographic shifts in the design activities of our customers, we closed our offices in Stockholm, Sweden and in Paris, France. Santa Clara is both our corporate and North American sales headquarters, Shanghai is our sales headquarters for China, and London is our sales headquarters for Europe, the Middle East and Africa. We use this network of offices and staff, with the support of distributors and representatives, to stay close to system designers and our other customers and remain current on the newest global technology developments through the sharing of customer visit reports. See Note 11—Segment Information to the consolidated financial statements for our revenues and long-lived assets by geographic region.
Manufacturing and Operations
We use third-party foundries and assembly and test subcontractors to manufacture, assemble and test our products. To provide smaller products with higher integration and efficiency, we have implemented an outsourced fabrication model to manufacture our products at half-micron geometries and below. Specifically, we contract with specialty foundries that have former DRAM fabs employing advanced analog CMOS process technology and, under license, our patented ModularBCD technology. We have spent significant time and engineering resources collaborating with our suppliers to simulate, characterize, and, as necessary, adapt these
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processes to enable us to design and develop products for higher performance and smaller die size. We also capture the operational and financial benefits of the fabless model, including reduced manufacturing personnel, capital expenditures, fixed assets and fixed costs. Relative to other fabless companies that use CMOS foundries, we believe that our use of fully-depreciated DRAM fabs allows us to achieve lower costs using either advanced analog CMOS processes or specialized process technologies, such as our ModularBCD technology, in order to maximize device performance for a given application.
We are able to take advantage of the lower costs and increased manufacturing capacity of former DRAM fabs because we have the expertise in analog and power management design and process technology required to utilize the advanced equipment found in DRAM facilities for the fabrication of our power management products. We believe the IC process technologies we use achieve high levels of performance and monolithic integration of mixed-signal, or analog with digital, analog and power management circuitry and offer superior characteristics in noise, high-frequency operation, high-current capability and ability to survive adverse electrical and thermal conditions. To achieve a greater degree of customer specificity while maintaining economies of scale in manufacturing, we employ a variety of production adjustments and modifications to our products. Our process integration team in our Hong Kong office works onsite at these former DRAM fabs to oversee the transfer of our technology into the various manufacturing sites.
We use third-party contractors, primarily in Taiwan, to perform wafer probe. The probed wafers are then shipped to our back-end supplier’s assembly and test manufacturing locations in Taiwan, Shanghai, Chengdu or Malaysia. Back-end logistics and engineering support is performed through our operations team in Chupei, Taiwan. Finished goods inventory is stored and shipped world-wide from Hong Kong by a third-party service provider on our behalf. All scheduling is internally communicated globally via our virtual private network and web-based enterprise resource planning system.
In addition to innovative manufacturing processes, we also work with our packaging contractors to develop innovative packaging solutions that make use of new assembly methods and new high performance packaging materials to improve area efficiency, optimize thermal and electrical performance, reduce package size and offer ease-of-use and cost efficiency. We use area-efficient and multi-chip packages to meet more complex power management needs in a smaller footprint.
Combining innovative process and packaging technologies enables us to produce cost-effective products with many competitive advantages, including high functional integration, small size, high efficiency, robust features, low cost, ease of use and system integration. In many instances, chip size reductions through advanced wafer fabrication make it possible to shrink a chip to fit into a smaller, cheaper package, reducing both die and package cost. When the resulting smaller footprint product is sold into space-conscious applications like wireless handsets and smartphones, the smaller product generally commands a higher market price.
We eliminated lead from our manufacturing process and became Restriction of Hazardous Substances (“RoHS”) compliant in 2004, well ahead of mandatory enforcement dates for the semiconductor industry. In April 2005, Samsung Electronics designated us as an Eco-Partner Affiliate Company, which means that we have fulfilled Samsung’s standards for controlling substances with environmental impacts within our products and for establishing a stable environmental quality control system. In May 2006, we obtained a RoHS certification from Sony-Ericsson. In September 2006, we received ISO 9001:2000 certification for our world-wide operation sites. In December 2007, we earned a “Green Partner” certification from Sony. We believe that our customers and potential customers recognize these certifications as a favorable industry acknowledgement for AnalogicTech as a quality-conscious, environmentally responsible green supplier.
We have completed transitioning a certain portion of our logistics, order entry, purchasing and billing functions to our office in Macau, Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (Macau). Global coordination for production and billing is now orchestrated from and on behalf of our Macau office. Other operation locations include Chupei, Taiwan and Hong Kong. Within operations, some back-end engineering functions are located in Shanghai, China; some fab sustaining and quality functions are located in Seoul, Korea.
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Research and Development
We focus our research and development efforts on design, process technology and packaging innovation. We have assembled a team of highly skilled engineers who have strong design expertise in analog, mixed-signal and power applications. Our staff’s core competencies include high-frequency conversion, low-noise switching and operation, light-load efficiency, protection and fault detection, precision parameter matching, fast current limiting, robust battery charging and analog functionality with extremely low quiescent currents. The following table includes some of the design innovations that we have developed and on which we compete in our markets:
Innovation | Benefit | |
S2Cwire™ Interface | Simple serial control allows our customers to control analog properties in our power management ICs digitally using a single wire. Examples include dimming of LED backlighting, changing the color of an RGB decorative lighting, or setting “on the fly” the output voltage of a regulator. Compared to the dual wire I2C bus, the S2Cwire interface requires only a single wire and greatly reduced software overhead. | |
Fast Current Limiting | Prevents damage from short circuits or an improperly connected charger by rapidly limiting current to a safe level. If the condition persists and the device begins to overheat, it shuts off the system to protect from overheating. | |
Fast Break-Before-Make | Allows switching regulators to operate at higher frequencies without accidentally shorting out the battery. High frequency is important to shrink power supply passive components such as coil and capacitors. | |
NanoPower™ Circuitry | Extends battery life and standby time in mobile consumer electronic devices by using very small currents to operate power management and voltage regulation circuitry. | |
AutoBias™ | Maximizes efficiency and extends battery life when driving mismatched white LEDs such as color LCD backlighting. | |
Smart Slew-Rate-Control | Power-saving switch has slow-turn-on to avoid noise and in-rush current spikes when powering wireless handset RF power amplifiers, CCD camera imagers or large capacitive power loads. One SmartSwitch may replace up to fourteen discrete components. | |
AS2Cwire™ Interface | Advanced simple serial control provides our customers with single wire bidirectional communication between a DSP or microprocessor and multiple power management products, PowerSOCs or mini-PMUs. Including both address and data, AS2Cwire enables high-speed control of multiple chips or functions and the ability to “read back” data. An example includes a baseband IC instructing a battery charger to first read the battery voltage and then commence charging, all communicated on a single wire. | |
Low Noise Rectifier | A new integrated synchronous rectifier able to greatly reduce conducted and radiated noise in switching voltage regulators. | |
Charge Reduction | A novel USB battery charging method that automatically controls charging current to maintain a regulated USB voltage while minimizing charge time. | |
Digital Thermal Loop | A novel battery charging method that enables safe battery charging even at elevated temperatures, preserving or extending battery cycle life. |
We utilize global design, test and product engineering resources in our product development. At present, our largest design team is located in our Santa Clara headquarters, in close proximity to product definition, product line marketing and central applications. Through our acquisition in October 2006 of Analog Power Semiconductor Corporation, we expanded our global engineering team and established the Shanghai design
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center, now fully integrated into our work force. In 2007, we deployed a common design platform for circuit simulation and CAD on a world-wide basis. By enabling circuit reuse using standardized analog circuit libraries, unified design methodologies and process modularity, we believe we can further enhance design productivity, reduce technical risk and shorten time-to-market for new product introductions. We expanded the cell library throughout 2008.
To direct product development, our marketing, central applications engineering, global sales and field applications engineering force works with our customers’ system design, engineering and procurement groups to identify future product needs. Through these efforts, we seek to introduce new products to address emerging market opportunities, to continue to reduce our design and manufacturing cost, and to continue to improve the cost effectiveness, size and performance of our solutions.
Today, the majority of our revenues comprise single-function five-volt power management products best suited for single-cell lithium-ion battery powered applications such as handsets and hand-held portable consumer devices. Following an extensive innovation and technology development effort, we fully deployed our proprietary ModularBCD process technology in 2007, including process modules for low voltage and high voltage devices, and one-time programmable memory. We believe ModularBCD opens a number of new market opportunities to us that advanced analog CMOS cannot effectively address. ModularBCD based products therefore represent growth opportunities for us in 2009 and beyond including:
• | Highly-integrated multi-function low-voltage power management ICs and PowerSOCs. |
• | High-voltage power management ICs, including 12V, 30V, 40V and 60V products. |
• | Multi-voltage power management ICs comprising a mix of 3V, 5V, 12V, 30V, 40V and 60V circuitry. |
In order to expedite product migration onto ModularBCD, we have successfully ported a number of circuits and functions from our existing portfolio of analog CMOS based products. Combining these pre-existing functions monolithically in ModularBCD, we believe we can develop highly-integrated products with a modicum of integration complexity and application risk, ultimately shortening the entire product development cycle time. To avoid limiting an integrated product to one customer or application, embedded one time programmable memory available in ModularBCD allows a product’s features to be customized and its voltages trimmed in its final packaged form. We are now selling or sampling a number of highly-integrated products, including:
• | A PowerSOC for Bluetooth accessories combining a battery charger and multiple voltage regulators. |
• | A power management unit, or PMU, companion for CDMA chip sets with programmable voltage regulators and built-in power sequencing. |
• | A triple regulator “mini-PMU” for HD radios, MP3 players and personal navigation. |
• | A fully-integrated PowerSOC for digital still cameras comprising seven regulated voltages including multiple switching regulators, LCD positive and negative bias, and LED backlighting. |
• | A dual output regulator using a proprietary one inductor solution for the biasing of AMOLED (Active Matrix Organic LED) displays. These new displays are used in Smartphones, PDAs and PMPs. |
• | A multiple output lighting management unit, or LMU, to provide the panel power for small screen LCDs used in personal navigation devices, digital picture frames & portable DVDs. The device consists of a boost converter and associated charge pumps to provide the panel bias power, a boost converter to drive a serial string of white LEDs to provide the panel backlight and a high voltage, high slew rate operational amplifier to bias the display’s VCOM. |
• | An integrated Battery Management power management unit, or PMU, solution for advanced mobile applications. |
• | A highly integrated PowerSOC solution for ultra mobile PC applications. |
• | A multi-channel power management IC, or PMIC, solution for GPS and personal navigation devices. |
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• | A 24V high voltage and high current step—down controller/regulator family optimized for low-cost 12V adapter inputs, making the devices the ideal system solutions for consumer communications equipments like DSL & cable modems, set top boxes, wireless LAN systems and notebook computers. |
• | A 28V half bridge dual MOSFET driver for the high current DC-DC converters and motor drive applications; The push-pull power driver includes a high-side output that can float up to 28V, allowing a broad range of power sources. |
• | An over-voltage and over-current protection SmartSwitch for cell phones and digital still cameras, designed to protect the low voltage systems against high voltage faults up to +28V, including an adjustable over-current function to protect against shorted outputs. |
In addition to highly integrated system PMUs and PowerSOCs, ModularBCD’s 12 and 30-volt modules were also released to design and to manufacturing in 2007. The first high-voltage products introduced included a 12V SmartSwitch, a 12V SwitchReg step-down voltage regulator, and a 28V over-voltage protection SafetySwitch for lithium ion batteries. One of the first multi-voltage ModularBCD products combines a 7V single-cell lithium ion battery charger with the 28V over-voltage protection function. Other high-voltage released products include 20V, 30V and 40V boost converters for driving LED backlights in large format liquid crystal displays. These products are now being sampled and designed into customers’ systems.
We are able to implement our high-voltage products in two methods, either monolithically as a system-on-a-chip or using a multi-chip assembly for a “system-in-a package” approach. Regardless, single- package system solutions offer our customers features, space savings, higher performance and ease-of-use, while reducing technical and applications risks. By co-packaging our proprietary vertical TrenchDMOS power devices with a ModularBCD integrated circuit, we believe we can develop and offer system-in-a-package combination products in a shorter timeframe than that it typically takes us to develop a new power management IC from inception. In some cases, a multi-chip solution may be preferred. For example, vertical TrenchDMOS offer lower resistances, higher current capability and more robust operation than integrated power devices, especially for operation above 20 volts. We believe we are one of the few power management suppliers with our own discrete power device capability.
We support our research and development efforts for new products and improvements to our existing products with our technology development group, which is focused on creating, developing, characterizing and releasing into production new wafer fabrication processes. We define and create processes, such as ModularBCD, that offer features, performance, devices, characteristics and capabilities not available through conventional foundry processes. We license these new processes to our suppliers’ foundries for limited use. We also install these processes according to available resources and market timing. Our technology group oversees any transfers of our processes into a new facility to ensure that the unit process steps are adapted properly to the new facility’s specific equipment set. Our technology group comprises expertise in device physics and characterization, device layout, process engineering and wafer fabrication.
To date, we have developed and released to production two wafer fabrication processes, ModularBCD, an advanced fully-isolated analog integrated circuit process, and vertical TrenchDMOS, an advanced discrete power MOSFET process. ModularBCD is our patented IC process technology designed for integrating fully-isolated power, analog and mixed-signal circuitry of differing operating voltages without the need for expensive epitaxial depositions or long high-temperature diffusions. Based on 0.35 micron features, it is a flexible, cost-effective process well-suited for precision analog and PowerSOC implementations. The majority of our new product designs now in development utilize ModularBCD. In the fourth quarter of 2008, ModularBCD products represented 19% of revenue.
Vertical TrenchDMOS is our patented high-density low-resistance power transistor technology, used as a high-voltage high-current companion chip to ModularBCD controller ICs. While less strategic to our business than ModularBCD, co-packaging vertical TrenchDMOS with our ICs to produce a system-in-a-package gives us an advantage over our competitors that do not have this capability, especially at higher voltages and currents.
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Vertical TrenchDMOS is available in P- and N-channel versions ranging from 20- to 40-volts. In 2007, we introduced our first products combining integrated circuit control and vertical TrenchDMOS power devices in a single package. TrenchDMOS is also the first process to be offered as part of our “Foundry Direct” strategy, where we license manufacturers to use our process for applications outside of our target market at our partners’ fab. In 2007, we received payments from our first licensee under this program.
ModularBCD and TrenchDMOS processes were both designed and built for manufacturing using equipment readily available in former DRAM fabs. Both processes use low temperature processing consistent with former DRAM fabs and large wafer diameters, as well as other process requirements typically only found in former DRAM fabs. Using the same process modules as our vertical TrenchDMOS, a lateral TrenchDMOS device and process module has been developed and integrated into ModularBCD. Capable of operation from 30 volts to 60 volts the device is intrinsically robust like its discrete counterpart with an on-state resistance significantly lower than conventional lateral DMOS transistors. Higher voltages are possible with minor changes in implants and device layout.
In 2008, 2007 and 2006, we spent $29.9 million, $31.0 million and $23.8 million, respectively, on research and development efforts. We anticipate that we will continue to invest significant amounts in research and development activities to develop new products and processes. As a result, we expect research and development expenses to increase in absolute dollars in future periods.
Intellectual Property
We rely on our patents, trade secret laws, contractual provisions, licenses, copyrights, trademarks and other proprietary rights to protect our intellectual property. We have more than 110 patents issued or allowed in the United States or foreign countries and a larger number of pending applications. We cannot guarantee that our pending patent applications will be approved, that any issued patents will protect our intellectual property or will not be challenged by third parties, or that the patents of others will not have an adverse effect on our ability to do business. We focus our patent efforts in the United States, and, when justified by cost and strategic importance, we file corresponding foreign patent applications in such jurisdictions as Europe, South Korea, China, Taiwan and Japan. Our patent strategy is designed to provide a balance between the need for coverage in our strategic markets and the need to maintain costs at a reasonable level.
Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our products or obtain and use information that we consider proprietary. Competitors may also recruit our employees who have access to our proprietary technologies. We cannot assure that the measures we have implemented to prevent misappropriation or infringement of our intellectual property will be successful.
Competition
The analog, mixed-signal and power management semiconductor industry is highly competitive and dynamic, and we expect it to remain so. Our ability to compete effectively depends on defining, designing and regularly introducing new products that meet or anticipate the power management needs of our customers’ next-generation products and applications. We compete with numerous domestic and international semiconductor companies, many of which have greater financial and other resources with which to pursue marketing, technology development, product design, manufacturing, quality, sales and distribution of their products.
To our knowledge, no single competitor sells a product line matching one-to-one with our product portfolio and applications focus. We consider our primary competitors to be Maxim Integrated Products, Inc., Linear Technology Corporation, Intersil Corporation, Texas Instruments Incorporated, Semtech Corporation and National Semiconductor Corporation. We expect continued competition from existing suppliers as well as from new entrants into the power management semiconductor market. Our ability to compete depends on a number of factors, including:
• | our success in identifying new and emerging markets, applications and technologies, and developing power management solutions for these markets; |
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• | our products’ performance and cost effectiveness relative to that of our competitors’ products; |
• | our ability to deliver products in large volume on a timely basis at a competitive price; |
• | our success in utilizing new and proprietary technologies to offer products and features previously not available in the marketplace; |
• | our ability to recruit and retain engineering staff; and |
• | our ability to protect our intellectual property. |
We cannot assure that our products will continue to compete favorably or that we will be successful in the face of increasing competition from new products and enhancements introduced by existing competitors or new companies entering this market.
Employees
As of December 31, 2008, we had 281 employees located in the United States, China, Hong Kong, Europe, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Macau. Of this total, there were 99 employees in engineering, research and development, 82 in sales and marketing and 100 in operations, general and administration, quality assurance, information technology and facilities. We consider our employee relations to be good.
Officers
The following table sets forth certain information about our officers:
Name | Age | Position | ||
Richard K. Williams | 50 | President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Technical Officer and Director | ||
Brian R. McDonald | 52 | Chief Financial Officer, Vice President of Worldwide Finance and Secretary | ||
Dr. Jun-Wei Chen | 58 | Vice President of Technology | ||
Kevin P. D’Angelo | 49 | Vice President of Advanced Products and Fellow | ||
Allen K. Lam | 45 | Vice President of Worldwide Operations | ||
Edward Lam | 48 | Vice President of Marketing and Engineering | ||
David Schwartz | 52 | Vice President of Worldwide Sales |
Richard K. Williams, one of our founders, has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer since April 2000 and also as our Chief Technical Officer and a director since September 1998. From September 1998 to April 2000, Mr. Williams previously also served as our Vice President of Engineering and Product Strategy. Prior to joining us, Mr. Williams served at Siliconix incorporated from September 1980 to September 1998, most recently as Senior Director of Device Concept & Design. Mr. Williams holds more than 200 U.S. patents in device, process, package, circuit, system and application methods and apparatus, and has written over 100 published articles and invited papers. Mr. Williams is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Mr. Williams received an M.S. in Electrical Engineering from Santa Clara University and a B.S., with honors, in Electrical Engineering (specializing in semiconductor device physics and fabrication) from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Brian R. McDonald has served as our Chief Financial Officer and Vice President of Worldwide Finance since June 2004 and as our Secretary since August 2004. Mr. McDonald is responsible for accounting, finance, compliance, information technology and human resource functions. Prior to joining us, Mr. McDonald served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. from August 2002 to June 2004, as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Elantec Semiconductor, Inc. from January 2001 to August 2002
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and as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Mattson Technology, Inc. from April 1999 to December 2000. Prior to that, Mr. McDonald held senior financial management positions at National Semiconductor Corporation, Read-Rite Corporation and Micro Linear Corporation. Mr. McDonald received a B.S. in Management from Santa Clara University.
Jun-Wei Chen has served as our Vice President of Technology since February 2005. Dr. Chen is responsible for device concept and design, process development and integration, CAE development and global Foundry Direct technical support. Prior to joining us, Dr. Chen served as Vice President of Technology at SmartASIC Technology, Inc. from May 2004 to February 2005, as Chief Technology Officer at CLL Technology, Inc. from May 2000 to May 2004, as Assistant Vice President of Operations for Trident Microsystems, Inc. from July 1998 to May 2000 and as Vice President of Foundry and Product Engineering at OPTi Inc. from December 1995 to June 1998. Dr. Chen holds 20 U.S. patents and has written over 30 technical articles. He is also a member of the Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Dr. Chen received a Ph.D. and an M.S. in Electrical Engineering from Carnegie Mellon University and a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from National Taiwan University, Taipei.
Kevin P. D’Angelo, one of our founders, has served as our Vice President of Advanced Products and Fellow since February 2009. Prior to this, Mr. D’Angelo served as our Vice President of Engineering since January 2001. Mr. D’Angelo is responsible for IC design in the United States. Mr. D’Angelo previously served as our Senior Director from June 2000 to January 2001 and as our Senior Manager from January 1999 to June 2000. Prior to joining us, Mr. D’Angelo served as Senior Staff Engineer at Impala Linear Corporation from March 1997 to January 1999. From December 1993 to March 1997, he served as Senior Staff Engineer at Siliconix-TEMIC. Prior to that, he served as IC Design Manager at Dallas Semiconductor Corporation from October 1990 to December 1993, as Senior Engineer in the digital signal processing group at Motorola, Inc. from August 1986 to October 1990 and as Design Engineer at M/A-Com Linkabit from June 1983 to August 1986. Mr. D’Angelo received the 2002 Marconi award for excellence in science and technology, and he holds eight U.S. patents. Mr. D’Angelo received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of California, San Diego.
Allen K. Lam, one of our founders, has served as our Vice President of Worldwide Operations since May 2002. Mr. Lam is responsible for global manufacturing logistics and planning, purchasing, foundry management, packaging and test engineering, process quality and supporting ongoing quality and environmental initiatives. Mr. Lam previously served as our Director of Operations and Quality and Reliability Assurance from June 1999 to April 2002 and as our Manager of Quality and Reliability Assurance from November 1998 to May 1999. Mr. Lam is fluent in English, Mandarin and Cantonese and manages our operations in Taiwan, China, Macau and Hong Kong. Prior to joining us, Mr. Lam served as Quality Manager at Siliconix-Temic from August 1985 to October 1998. Mr. Lam holds seven U.S. patents. Mr. Lam received a Higher Diploma in Applied Science from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
Edward Lam has served as our Vice President of Marketing and Engineering since July 2008. Mr. Lam is responsible for our global marketing and engineering operations. Prior to joining us, Mr. Lam served as the Senior Vice President of Product Lines at Exar Corporation from August 2007 until June 2008. Prior to this, Mr. Lam served as the Senior Vice President of Marketing and Business Development at Sipex Corporation from September 2005 until August 2007. Prior to this, from 1984 until September 2005, Mr. Lam held several management and engineering positions at National Semiconductor, most recently as Vice President of the company’s Analog Power Management Product Line. Mr. Lam received a B.S. in Engineering from San Francisco State University.
David Schwartz has served as our Vice President of Worldwide Sales since February 2009. Prior to joining AnalogicTech, Mr. Schwartz was the Vice President of Worldwide Sales and Marketing at Oxford Semiconductor from October 2006 until January 2009. Prior to this, Mr. Schwartz served as the Chief Operating Officer of Renesas Technology Americas from April 2003 until September 2006. Prior to this, from February 1992 until March 2004, Mr. Schwartz held several positions at Mitsubishi Electronics Americas, including Vice
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President and General Manager of the company’s Sales and System-on-a-Chip Divisions. Prior to that, from January 1980 until October 1991, Mr. Schwartz held a variety of sales positions at Motorola Semiconductor. Mr. Schwartz earned a Masters of Business Administration at Farleigh Dickinson University and a B.S. in Electrical Engineering at the Pratt Institute.
Corporate Information
We were incorporated in California in August 1997 and reincorporated in Delaware in April 2005. Our principal executive offices are located at 3230 Scott Boulevard, Santa Clara, California 95054, and our telephone number is (408) 737-4600. Our web site address is www.analogictech.com. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this Form 10-K to “AnalogicTech,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Advanced Analogic Technologies Incorporated and its wholly-owned subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, amendments to those reports and other SEC filings are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC.
AnalogicTech and the AnalogicTech logo are trademarks of Advanced Analogic Technologies Incorporated. This annual report on Form 10-K also includes other trademarks of Advanced Analogic Technologies Incorporated and trademarks of other persons.
Our customers may cancel their orders, change production quantities or delay production, and if we fail to forecast demand for our products accurately, we may incur product shortages, delays in product shipments or excess or insufficient product inventory.
We generally do not obtain firm, long-term purchase commitments from our customers. Because production lead times often exceed the amount of time required to fulfill orders, we often must build in advance of orders, relying on an imperfect demand forecast to project volumes and product mix. Our demand forecast accuracy can be adversely affected by a number of factors, including inaccurate forecasting by our customers, changes in market conditions, new part introductions by our competitors that lead to our loss of previous design wins, adverse changes in our product order mix and demand for our customers’ products or models. China, in particular, is an emerging market where forecasting by our distributors is not accurate, and there can be rapid changes in the distribution system and market conditions. Even after an order is received, our customers may cancel these orders or request a decrease in production quantities. Any such cancellation or decrease subjects us to a number of risks, most notably that our projected sales will not materialize on schedule or at all, leading to unanticipated revenue shortfalls and excess or obsolete inventory which we may be unable to sell to other customers. Alternatively, if we are unable to project customer requirements accurately, we may not build enough products, which could lead to delays in product shipments and lost sales opportunities in the near term, as well as force our customers to identify alternative sources, which could affect our ongoing relationships with these customers. We have in the past had customers dramatically increase their requested production quantities with little or no advance notice and after they had submitted their original order. We have on occasion been unable to fulfill these revised orders within the time period requested. Either overestimating or underestimating demand would lead to excess, obsolete or insufficient inventory, which could harm our operating results, cash flow and financial condition, as well as our relationships with our customers.
We receive a substantial portion of our revenues from a small number of OEM customers and distributors, and the loss of, or a significant reduction in, orders from those customers or our other largest customers would adversely affect our operations and financial condition.
We receive a substantial portion of our revenues from two of our OEM customers, Samsung of South Korea and LG Electronics Inc. of South Korea, as well as from a few of our distributors, such as ChiefTech Electronics Ltd. of China. LG Electronics was our largest direct customer in 2008, 2007 and 2006, representing 25%, 20%
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and 28% of net revenues, respectively. Sales to Samsung accounted for 20% of our net revenue in 2008 and 11% of our net revenue in both 2007 and 2006. Additionally, we sell to a number of contract manufacturers of Samsung. Total sales to Samsung and its contract manufacturers represented 36%, 25% and 20% of our net revenue for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. One distributor, ChiefTech Electronics Limited, accounted for 6% and 15% of our net revenue in 2008 and 2007, respectively.
We anticipate that we will continue to be dependent on these customers for a significant portion of our revenue in the immediate future; however, we do not have long-term contractual purchase commitments from them, and we cannot assure you that they will continue to be our customers.
We received an aggregate of approximately 84% and 81% of our net revenues from our ten largest customers in 2008 and 2007, respectively. Any action by one of our largest customers that affects our orders, product pricing or vendor status could significantly reduce our revenues and harm our financial results. In the future, our sales to our large customers will continue to be susceptible to quarterly fluctuation as our customers manage their inventories, principally for seasonal variations. In particular, our customers’ increase in inventory of our products in advance of the peak buying season during the second half of year for wireless handsets often leads to sequentially lower sales of our products in the first calendar quarter and, potentially, late in the fourth calendar quarter. Because our largest customers account for such a significant part of our business, the loss of, or a decline in sales to, any of our major customers would negatively impact our business.
Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and we expect our operating results to continue to fluctuate.
Our revenues are difficult to predict and have varied significantly in the past from period to period. We expect our revenues and expense levels to continue to vary in the future, making it difficult to predict our future operating results. In particular, we experience seasonality and variability in demand for our products as our customers manage their inventories. Our customers tend to increase inventory of our products in anticipation of the peak fourth quarter buying season for the mobile consumer electronic devices in which our products are used, which often leads to sequentially lower sales of our products in the first calendar quarter and, potentially, late in the fourth calendar quarter.
Additional factors that could cause our results to fluctuate include:
• | the forecasting, scheduling, rescheduling or cancellation of orders by our customers, particularly in China and other emerging markets; |
• | costs associated with litigation, especially related to intellectual property; |
• | liquidity and cash flow of our distributors, suppliers and end-market customers; |
• | changes in manufacturing costs, including wafer, test and assembly costs, and manufacturing yields, product quality and reliability; |
• | the timing and availability of adequate manufacturing capacity from our manufacturing suppliers; |
• | our ability to successfully define, design and release new products in a timely manner that meet our customers’ needs; |
• | the timing, performance and pricing of new product introductions by us and by our competitors; |
• | general economic conditions in the countries where we operate or our products are used; |
• | changes in exchange rates, interest rates, tax rates and tax withholding; |
• | geopolitical stability, especially affecting China, Taiwan and Asia in general; and |
• | changes in domestic and international tax laws. |
Unfavorable changes in any of the above factors, most of which are beyond our control, could significantly harm our business and results of operations.
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We may be required to record additional significant charges to earnings if our goodwill becomes impaired.
Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, we review our goodwill for impairment each year as of September 30th and when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. The carrying value of our goodwill may not be recoverable due to factors indicating a decrease in the value of the Company, such as a decline in stock price and market capitalization, reduced estimates of future cash flows and slower growth rates in our industry. Estimates of future cash flows are based on an updated long- term financial outlook of our operations. However, actual performance in the near-term or long-term could be materially different from these forecasts, which could impact future estimates. For example, a significant decline in our stock price and/or market capitalization may result in goodwill impairment. We may be required to record a charge to earnings in our financial statements during a period in which an impairment of our goodwill is determined to exist, which may negatively impact our results of operations.
We may be required to record impairment charges in future quarters as a result of the decline in value of our investments in auction rate securities.
As of December 31, 2008, our investment portfolio included $2.6 million of interest bearing auction rate securities (ARS). Our ARS represent investments in debt obligations collateralized by Federal Family Education Program student loans. At the time of acquisition, these ARS investments were intended to provide liquidity via an auction process that resets the applicable interest rate at predetermined calendar intervals, allowing investors to either roll over their holdings or gain immediate liquidity by selling such interests at par. The monthly auctions historically provided a liquid market for these securities. However, beginning in 2008, uncertainties in the credit markets have affected all of our holdings in ARS and auctions for our investments in these securities have failed to settle on their respective settlement dates. Auctions for our investments in these securities continued to fail through December 31, 2008.
Consequently, the investments are not currently liquid and we will not be able to access these funds until a future auction of these investments is successful, a buyer is found outside of the auction process or unless issuers agree to repurchase the ARS.
The valuation of our investment portfolio, including our investments in ARS, is subject to uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Factors that may impact our valuation include changes to credit ratings of the securities as well as to the underlying assets supporting those securities, rates of default of the underlying assets, underlying collateral value, discount rates, liquidity and ongoing strength and quality of credit markets.
If the current market conditions deteriorate further, the anticipated recovery in market values does not occur, or if we determine that we do not have the ability and intent to hold the ARS until a recovery of the auction process or until maturity, we may be required to record impairment charges in future quarters which may negatively impact our results of operations.
We may be unsuccessful in developing and selling new products or in penetrating new markets. Our attempts to diversify our revenue into new applications and markets may defocus our product development and sales efforts and result in a loss of revenue from existing customers and applications.
We operate in a dynamic environment characterized by rapidly changing technologies and industry standards and technological obsolescence. Our competitiveness and future success depends on our ability to design, develop, manufacture, assemble, test, market and support new products and enhancements on a timely and cost-effective basis. A fundamental shift in technologies in any of our product markets could harm our competitive position within these markets. Our failure to anticipate these shifts, to develop new technologies or to react to changes in existing technologies could materially delay our development of new products, which could result in product obsolescence, decreased revenues and a loss of design wins to our competitors. For example, we introduced approximately 70 new products in 2008, however many of them have not been adopted by our customers as of December 31, 2008. The success of a new product depends on accurate forecasts of long-term
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market demand and future technological developments, as well as on a variety of specific implementation factors, including:
• | effective marketing, sales and service; |
• | timely and efficient completion of process design and device structure improvements and implementation of manufacturing, assembly and test processes; and |
• | the quality, performance and reliability of the product. |
If we fail to introduce new products or penetrate new markets, our revenues will likely decrease over time and our financial condition could suffer.
Conversely, attempts to develop new product lines to serve new applications and markets may defocus our efforts to secure follow-on business in the markets and customers we presently serve and result in a loss of revenue. While such efforts to diversify our revenue from handset-related sales and ChargePump related backlighting applications may result in new revenue growth, there is no guarantee that such revenue will become substantial or grow quickly enough to offset revenue loss in our existing markets and customers, should such a loss occur.
We may not have the expertise we need to successfully define or develop products for such new markets, and we may lack the sales connections and applications expertise to secure orders for such products. Identifying and hiring such resources may take too long to avoid a revenue loss. Attempts to balance product development and sales efforts between new and existing applications may delay our entrance into new markets and make it more difficult to penetrate new customers and application opportunities in the future.
Due to defects and failures that may occur, our products may not meet specifications, which may cause customers to return or stop buying our products and may expose us to product liability claims.
Our customers generally establish demanding specifications for quality, performance and reliability that our products must meet. Integrated circuits, or ICs, as complex as ours often encounter development delays and may contain undetected defects or failures when first introduced or after commencement of commercial shipments, which might require product replacement or recall. In addition, our customers may not use our products in a way that is consistent with our published specifications. If defects and failures occur in our products during the design phase or after, or our customers use our products in ways that are not consistent with their intended use, we could experience lost revenues, increased costs, including warranty expense and costs associated with customer support, delays in or cancellations or rescheduling of orders or shipments, or product returns or discounts, any of which would harm our operating results. We cannot assure you that we will have sufficient resources, including any available insurance, to satisfy any asserted claims.
The nature of the design process requires us to incur expenses prior to earning revenues associated with those expenses, and we will have difficulty selling our products if system designers do not design our products into their electronic systems.
We devote significant time and resources in working with our customers’ system designers to understand their future needs and to provide products that we believe will meet those needs. If a customer’s system designer initially chooses a competitor’s product for a particular electronic system, it becomes significantly more difficult for us to sell our products for use in that electronic system because changing suppliers can involve significant cost, time, effort and risk for our customers.
We often incur significant expenditures in the development of a new product without any assurance that our customers’ system designers will select our product for use in their electronic systems. We often are required to anticipate which product designs will generate demand in advance of our customers expressly indicating a need for that particular design. In some cases, there is minimal or no demand for our products in our anticipated target
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applications. Even if our products are selected by our customers’ system designers, a substantial period of time will elapse before we generate revenues related to the significant expenses we have incurred. The reasons for this delay generally include the following elements of our product sales and development cycle timeline and related influences:
• | our customers usually require a comprehensive technical evaluation of our products before they incorporate them into their electronic systems; |
• | it can take up to 12 months from the time our products are selected to complete the design process; |
• | it can take an additional nine to 12 months or longer to complete commercial introduction of the electronic systems that use our products, if they are introduced at all; |
• | original equipment manufacturers typically limit the initial release of their electronic systems to evaluate performance and consumer demand; and |
• | the development and commercial introduction of products incorporating new technology are frequently delayed. |
We estimate that the overall sales and development cycle timeline of an average product is approximately 16 months.
Additionally, even if system designers use our products in their electronic systems, we cannot assure you that these systems will be commercially successful. As a result, we are unable to accurately forecast the volume and timing of our orders and revenues associated with any new product introductions.
Any increase in the manufacturing cost of our products could reduce our gross margins and operating profit.
The semiconductor business exhibits ongoing competitive pricing pressure from customers and competitors. Accordingly, any increase in the cost of our products, whether by adverse purchase price variances or adverse manufacturing cost variances, will reduce our gross margins and operating profit. For example, if we do not incorporate the partially fabricated wafers held for us by our suppliers into our products in a timely fashion, we may still become obligated to purchase these materials, which may reduce our gross margins. We do not have many long-term supply agreements with our manufacturing suppliers and, consequently, we may not be able to obtain price reductions or anticipate or prevent future price increases from our suppliers.
The average selling price of our products may decline, or a change in the mix of product orders may occur, either of which could reduce our gross margins.
During a power management product’s life, its selling price tends to decrease for a particular application. As a result, to maintain gross margins on our products, we must continue to identify new applications for our products, reduce manufacturing costs for our existing products and introduce new products. If we are unable to identify new, high gross margin applications for our existing products, reduce our production costs or sell new, high gross margin products, our gross margins will suffer. A sustained reduction in our gross margins could harm our future operating results, cash flow and financial condition, which could lead to a significant drop in the price of our common stock.
Because we receive a substantial portion of our revenues through distributors, their financial viability and ability to access the capital markets could impact our ability to continue to do business with them and could result in lower revenues, which could adversely affect our operating results and our customer relationships.
We obtain a portion of our revenues through sales to distributors located in Asia who act as our fulfillment representatives. Sales to distributors accounted for 31%, 42% and 39% of our revenues for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. In the normal course of their operation as fulfillment representatives, these distributors typically
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perform functions such as order scheduling, shipment coordination, inventory stocking, payment and collections and, when applicable, currency exchange between purchasers of our products and these distributors. Our distributors’ compensation for these functions is reflected in the price of the products we sell to these distributors. Many of our current distributors also serve as our sales representatives procuring orders for us to fill directly. If these distributors are unable to pay us in a timely manner or if we anticipate that they will not pay us, we may elect to withhold future shipments, which could adversely affect our operating results. If one of our distributors experiences severe financial difficulties, becomes insolvent or declares bankruptcy, or experiences a significant delay in receipt of payment from any of its customers, we could lose product inventory held by that distributor and we could be required to write off the value of any receivables owed to us by that distributor. We could also be required to record bad debt expense in excess of our reserves. We may not be successful in recognizing these indications or in finding replacement distributors in a timely manner, or at all, any of which could harm our operating results, cash flow and financial condition.
Our distributor arrangements often require us to accept product returns and to provide price protection and if we fail to properly estimate our product returns and price protection reserves, this may adversely impact our reported financial information.
A substantial portion of our sales are made through third-party distribution arrangements, which include stock rotation rights that generally permit the return of up to 5% of the previous six months’ purchases. We generally accept these returns in the second and fourth quarter of each annual period. Our arrangements with our distributors typically also include price protection provisions if we reduce our list prices. We record estimated returns at the time of shipment, and we record reserves for price protection at the time we decide to reduce our list prices. In the future, we could receive returns or claims that are in excess of our estimates and reserves, which could harm our operating results.
Our distributor arrangements often require us to accept returns of unsold products if contractual arrangements with a distributor are terminated, which could harm our operating results or, if we fail to take steps, could harm our relationship with these distributors and lead to a loss of revenues.
If our relationship with any of our distributors deteriorates or terminates, it could lead to a temporary or permanent loss of revenues until a replacement sales channel can be established to service the affected end-user customers, as well as inventory write-offs or accounts receivable write-offs. We may not be successful in finding suitable alternative distributors and this could adversely affect our ability to sell in certain locations or to certain end-user customers. We also may be obligated to repurchase unsold products from a distributor if we decide to terminate our relationship with that distributor.
Our current backlog may not be indicative of future sales.
Due to the nature of our business, in which order lead times may vary, and the fact that customers are generally allowed to reschedule or cancel orders on short notice, we believe that our backlog is not necessarily a good indicator of our future sales. Our quarterly revenues also depend on orders booked and shipped in that quarter. Because our lead times for the manufacturing of our products generally take six to ten weeks, we often must build in advance of orders. This exposes us to certain risks, most notably the possibility that expected sales will not occur, which may lead to excess inventory, and we may not be able to sell this inventory to other customers. In addition, we supply LG Electronics, one of our largest customers, through its central hub and we do not record backlog with respect to the products we ship to the hub. Therefore, our backlog may not be a reliable indicator of future sales.
If consumer demand for mobile consumer electronic devices declines, our revenues will decrease.
Our products are used primarily in the mobile consumer electronic devices market. For the foreseeable future, we expect to see the significant majority of our revenues continue to come from this market, especially in
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wireless handsets. If consumer demand for these products declines and fewer mobile customer electronic devices are sold, our revenues will decrease significantly. For example, in an adverse economic climate, consumers are less likely to prioritize purchasing new mobile consumer electronic devices or upgrading existing devices. In addition, if we are unsuccessful in identifying alternative markets for our products in a timely manner, our operating results will suffer dramatically.
Substantially all of our manufacturing suppliers, customers and operations are located in Asia, which subjects us to additional risks, including regional economic influences, logistical complexity, political instability and natural disasters including earthquakes.
We conduct, and expect to continue to conduct, almost all of our business with companies that are located outside the United States. Based on ship-to locations, more than 95% of our 2008, 2007 and 2006 revenues came from customers in Asia, particularly South Korea, Taiwan, China and Japan. A vast majority of our contract manufacturing operations are located in South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia and China. In addition, we have a design center in Shanghai, China. As a result of our international focus, we face several challenges, including:
• | increased complexity and costs of managing international operations; |
• | longer and more difficult collection of receivables; |
• | political and economic instability; |
• | limited protection of our intellectual property; |
• | unanticipated changes in local regulations, including tax regulations; |
• | timing and availability of import and export licenses; and |
• | foreign currency exchange fluctuations relating to our international operating activities. |
Our corporate headquarters in Santa Clara, California, our operations office in Chupei, Taiwan, and the production facilities of one of our wafer fabrication suppliers and several of our assembly and test suppliers in Hsinchu and across Taiwan are located near seismically active regions and are subject to periodic earthquakes. We do not maintain earthquake insurance and our business could be damaged in the event of a major earthquake or other natural disaster.
In addition to risks in our operations from natural disasters, our customers are also subject to these risks. Any disaster impacting our customers could result in loss of orders, delay of business and temporary regional economic recessions.
We are also more susceptible to the regional economic impact of health crises. Because we anticipate that we will continue to rely heavily on foreign companies or U.S. companies operating in Asia for our future growth, the above risks and issues that we do not currently anticipate could adversely affect our ability to conduct business and our results of operations.
We outsource our wafer fabrication, testing, packaging, warehousing and shipping operations to third parties, and rely on these parties to produce and deliver our products according to requested demands in specification, quantity, cost and time.
We rely on third parties for substantially all of our manufacturing operations, including wafer fabrication, wafer probe, wafer thinning, assembly, final test, warehousing and shipping. We depend on these parties to supply us with material of a requested quantity in a timely manner that meets our standards for yield, cost and manufacturing quality. Any problems with our manufacturing supply chain could adversely impact our ability to ship our products to our customers on time and in the quantity required, which in turn could cause an unanticipated decline in our sales and possibly damage our customer relationships. An economic slowdown such
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as the current economic recession could adversely affect the financial strength of our vendors and adversely impact their ability to manufacture product, resulting in a shortage or delay in product shipments to our customers. Lacking adequate cash or credit, our suppliers may be unable or unwilling to make necessary capital investment in equipment and production lines to expand capacity or enhance their capability as needed to support our present or future business.
Our products are manufactured at a limited number of locations. If we experience manufacturing problems at a particular location or with a particular supplier, we would be required to transfer manufacturing to a backup supplier. Converting or transferring manufacturing from a primary supplier to a backup fabrication facility could be expensive and could take as long as six to 12 months. During such a transition, we would be required to meet customer demand from our then-existing inventory, as well as any partially finished goods that can be modified to the required product specifications. We do not seek to maintain sufficient inventory to address a lengthy transition period because we believe it is uneconomical to keep more than minimal inventory on hand. As a result, we may not be able to meet customer needs during such a transition, which could delay shipments, cause a production delay or stoppage for our customers, result in a decline in our sales and damage our customer relationships. Should we be required to manufacture safety stock and finished goods to insure against any supply interruptions to our customers, there is no guarantee that our customers would necessarily purchase the extra material and excess inventory may result. There is no guarantee we would be able to sell that excess inventory to other customers and we may have to write-off this material as an expense adversely affecting our financial performance.
In addition, a significant portion of our sales are to customers that practice just-in-time order management from their suppliers, which gives us a very limited amount of time in which to process and complete these orders. As a result, delays in our production or shipping by the parties to whom we outsource these functions could reduce our sales, damage our customer relationships and damage our reputation in the marketplace, any of which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The loss of any of our key personnel could seriously harm our business, and our failure to attract or retain specialized technical and management talent could impair our ability to grow our business.
The loss of services of one or more of our key personnel could seriously harm our business. In particular, our ability to define and design new products, gain new customers and grow our business depends on the continued contributions of Richard K. Williams, our President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Technical Officer, as well as our senior level sales, finance, operations, technology and engineering personnel. Our future growth will also depend significantly on our ability to recruit and retain qualified and talented managers and engineers, along with key manufacturing, quality, sales and marketing staff members. There remains intense competition for these individuals in our industry, especially those with power and analog semiconductor design and applications expertise. We cannot assure you we will be successful in finding, hiring and retaining these individuals. If we are unable to recruit and retain such talent, our product and technology development, manufacturing, marketing and sales efforts could be impaired.
In economic downturns where consumer demand for our customer’s products is reduced or delayed, we expect lower revenue and reduced profitability. If the slowdown is projected to last longer than one to two quarters, we may implement certain cost reduction actions including spending controls, forced holidays and company shutdowns, employee layoffs, shortened work-weeks, and involuntary salary reductions. It is uncertain what affect such measures may have on our ability to retain key talent and staff members, or our ability to rehire employees should business improve. For example, in December 2008, we reduced our headcount by 12% globally and announced employee salary reductions. It is unclear what long term affect these actions may have on our ability to recruit and retain engineering, sales and managerial talent.
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We may not be able to sustain our historical growth rate, and we may not be able to manage any future growth effectively.
We experienced significant growth in a short period of time. Our revenues increased from approximately $1.0 million in 2001 to $109.6 million in 2007. We do not expect to achieve similar growth rates in future periods. For example, our revenues were $90.3 million in 2008, compared to $109.6 million in 2007, a decrease of 18%. You should not rely on our operating results for any prior quarterly or annual periods as an indication of our future operating performance. If we are unable to maintain adequate revenue growth, our financial results could suffer and our stock price could decline.
We have also grown from 110 employees on January 1, 2004 to 281 employees on December 31, 2008, with many located in regional and international offices. Our international growth may subject us to income and transaction taxes in the United States and in multiple foreign locations. Our future effective tax rates could be affected by changes in our U.S. and foreign tax estimates and liabilities, or changes in tax laws or the interpretation of such tax laws. If additional taxes are assessed against us, our operating results or financial condition could be materially affected.
Our expansion has placed a significant strain on our management, personnel, systems and resources. Any future expansion is likely to result in additional strain on our managerial infrastructure. To manage our growth successfully and handle the responsibilities of being a public company, we believe we must effectively:
• | recruit, hire, train and manage additional qualified engineers for our research and development activities, especially in the positions of design engineering, product and test engineering, and applications engineering; |
• | continue to implement and improve adequate administrative, financial and operational systems, procedures and controls; and |
• | enhance our information technology support for enterprise resource planning and design engineering by adapting and expanding our systems and tool capabilities, and properly training new hires as to their use. |
If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities or develop new products, our introduction of derivative products may be delayed and we may fail to satisfy customer requirements, maintain product quality, execute our business plan or respond to competitive pressures.
A failure to maintain our international structure may adversely affect our tax rate, financial condition and operating results.
During 2005, we realigned certain areas of our operations in connection with the implementation of an international structure. This realignment required us to transfer certain functions previously handled in our Santa Clara, California headquarters to offices in foreign jurisdictions, primarily Macau. If we fail to maintain our realigned operations, our operating results may be adversely affected. Additionally, our international structure results in an increased volume of transactions and accounting for those transactions may require us to increase our headcount either domestically or internationally. A failure to process those transactions in an accurate and timely manner could be indicative of a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting. Our international structure requires that we understand complex tax laws and regulations in various domestic and international jurisdictions. If we are unable to comply with domestic and international tax laws, our tax rate and our financial condition may be adversely impacted. Further, the domestic and international tax laws governing our structure are subject to change, which could adversely affect our operations and financial results. We are currently undergoing an audit by the Internal Revenue Service for our 2005, 2006 and 2007 tax years. In connection with this audit, the IRS could challenge certain tax positions regarding our international structure. If such a challenge is successful, our financial results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
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Changes in effective tax rates or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income tax returns could adversely affect our results.
Our future effective tax rates could be adversely affected by lower than anticipated earnings in countries where we have lower statutory rates and higher than anticipated earnings in countries where we have higher statutory rates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or by changes in tax laws, regulations, accounting principles or interpretations thereof. Further, as a result of certain ongoing employment and capital investment commitments made by us, our income in certain countries is subject to reduced tax rates, and in some cases is wholly exempt from tax. Our failure to meet such commitments could adversely impact our effective tax rate. In addition, we are subject to the continuous examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. There can be no assurance that the outcomes from these continuous examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.
We compete against companies with substantially greater financial and other resources, and our market share or gross margins may be reduced if we are unable to respond to competitive challenges effectively.
The analog, mixed-signal, or analog with digital, and power management semiconductor industry in which we operate is highly competitive and dynamic, and we expect it to remain so. Our ability to compete effectively depends on defining, designing and regularly introducing new products that meet or anticipate the power management needs of our customers’ next-generation products and applications. We compete with numerous domestic and international semiconductor companies, many of which have greater financial and other resources with which to pursue marketing, technology development, product design, manufacturing, quality, sales and distribution of their products.
We consider our primary competitors to be Maxim Integrated Products, Inc., Linear Technology Corporation, Intersil Corporation, Texas Instruments Incorporated, Semtech Corporation and National Semiconductor Corporation. We expect continued competition from existing competitors as well as from new entrants into the power management semiconductor market. Our ability to compete depends on a number of factors, including:
• | our success in identifying new and emerging markets, applications and technologies, and developing power management solutions for these markets; |
• | our products’ performance and cost effectiveness relative to that of our competitors’ products; |
• | our ability to deliver products in large volume on a timely basis at a competitive price; |
• | our success in utilizing new and proprietary technologies to offer products and features previously not available in the marketplace; |
• | our ability to recruit application engineers and designers; and |
• | our ability to protect our intellectual property. |
We cannot assure you that our products will compete favorably or that we will be successful in the face of increasing competition from new products and enhancements introduced by our existing competitors or new companies entering this market.
Assertions by third parties of infringement by us of their intellectual property rights could result in significant costs, reduce sales of our products and cause our operating results to suffer.
The semiconductor industry is characterized by vigorous protection and pursuit of intellectual property rights and positions, which has resulted in protracted and expensive litigation for many companies. We have in the past received, and expect that in the future we may receive, communications from various industry
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participants alleging our infringement of their patents, trade secrets or other intellectual property rights. Any lawsuits resulting from such allegations could subject us to significant liability for damages and invalidate our proprietary rights. Any potential intellectual property litigation also could force us to do one or more of the following:
• | stop selling products or using technology that contain the allegedly infringing intellectual property; |
• | incur significant legal expenses; |
• | pay damages to the party claiming infringement; |
• | redesign those products that contain the allegedly infringing intellectual property; and |
• | attempt to obtain a license to the relevant intellectual property from third parties, which may not be available on reasonable terms or at all. |
We initiated a lawsuit against Linear Technology Corporation in February 2006 for unfair business practices, interference with existing and prospective customers and trade libel, as well as a declaration of patent invalidity and non-infringement. In this case, we are seeking to prevent Linear Technology from continuing a marketing campaign designed to disrupt our business relationships and sales by suggesting to our customers that our products infringe several U.S. patents owned by Linear Technology. As we informed Linear Technology in 2003 and 2004, and as discussed in our prior public filings, we believe that none of our products infringe the patents in question. However, whether or not we prevail in this lawsuit, we expect to incur significant legal expenses related to this case. In February 2006, in a related action, Linear Technology petitioned the United States International Trade Commission (“USITC”) requesting that the USITC initiate an investigation to determine if certain of our products infringe certain patents owned by Linear Technology under Section 337 of the Tariff Act. The patents involved in this action are a subset of the patents involved in the lawsuit that we filed against Linear Technology. The accused products include charge pumps and switching regulators and are similar to the products involved in our lawsuit with Linear Technology.
In a Final Determination issued September 24, 2007, the USITC left unchanged its earlier initial determination that our charge pumps do not violate Section 337 of the Tariff Act because they do not infringe any valid claim of U.S. Patent No. 6,411,531 (‘531 Patent) owned by Linear Technology.
The Final Determination also found that a majority of our switching regulator designs do not infringe Linear’s Patent No. 6,580,258 (‘258 Patent). The USITC also found that one family of switching regulator products infringes certain claims of the ‘258 Patent. Following normal USITC procedure, the USITC issued a limited exclusion order under Section 337 of the Tariff Act prohibiting the direct importation by us of this particular product family. This exclusion order does not, however, prevent our customers from importing their products into the United States. Linear Technology’s request that downstream products be barred from importation was denied.
Linear Technology has appealed portions of the Final Determination to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. This appeal is bifurcated into separate charge pump and switching regulator portions. On August 28, 2008 the Court of Appeals issued a ruling on the charge pump portion and upheld the invalidity of the ‘531 Patent. We believe that this ends the unsuccessful attempt by Linear Technology to assert its ‘531 Patent against AATI at the International Trade Commission. The separate appeal for the switching regulator portion remains pending at the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
On October 1, 2008, the USITC served notice that it will begin a formal enforcement proceeding for the limited exclusion order originally issued on September 24, 2007. The enforcement proceeding has been undertaken at the request of Linear Technology which has alleged that we have violated the limited exclusion order by importing certain switching regulator products. We believe that these allegations are not based in fact and that none of our products infringe the Linear Technology patents in question. Our domestic sales of these products have been minimal to date and we expect domestic sales of these products to be minimal in future periods. However, whether or not we prevail in this proceeding, we expect to incur significant legal expenses.
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Uncertainty over the outcome of our litigation with Linear Technology may cause our customers or potential customers to elect not to include our products that are the subject of this litigation into the design of their systems. Once a customer’s system designer initially chooses a competitor’s product for a particular electronic system, it becomes significantly more difficult for us to sell our products for use in that electronic system, because changing suppliers can involve significant cost, time, effort and risk for our customers. As a result, our litigation with Linear Technology or any similar future litigation may reduce both our current and future revenues. If we are unsuccessful in this case, our business and our ability to compete in foreign markets could be harmed, and we could be enjoined from selling the accused products in the United States, either directly or indirectly, which could have a material adverse impact on our revenues, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our failure to protect our intellectual property rights adequately could impair our ability to compete effectively or to defend ourselves from litigation, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely primarily on patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements to protect our proprietary technologies and know-how. While we have more than 110 patents issued or allowed in the United States or foreign countries and a larger number of pending applications, the rights granted to us may not be meaningful or provide us with any commercial advantage. For example, these patents could be challenged or circumvented by our competitors or be declared invalid or unenforceable in judicial or administrative proceedings. The failure of our patents to adequately protect our technology might make it easier for our competitors to offer similar products or technologies. Our foreign patent protection is generally not as comprehensive as our U.S. patent protection and may not protect our intellectual property in some countries where our products are sold or may be sold in the future. Even if foreign patents are granted, effective enforcement in foreign countries may not be available. Many U.S.-based companies have encountered substantial intellectual property infringement in foreign countries, including countries where we sell products.
Monitoring unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and costly. It is possible that unauthorized use of our intellectual property may occur without our knowledge. We cannot assure you that the steps we have taken will prevent unauthorized use of our intellectual property. Our failure to effectively protect our intellectual property could reduce the value of our technology in licensing arrangements or in cross-licensing negotiations, and could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. We may in the future need to initiate infringement claims or litigation. Litigation, whether we are a plaintiff or a defendant, can be expensive, time-consuming and may divert the efforts of our technical staff and managerial personnel, which could harm our business, whether or not such litigation results in a determination favorable to us.
Any acquisitions we make could disrupt our business, result in integration difficulties or fail to realize anticipated benefits, which could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
We may choose to acquire companies, technologies, assets and personnel that are complementary to our business, including for the purpose of expanding our new product design capacity, introducing new design, market or application skills or enhancing and expanding our existing product lines. In October 2006, we acquired Analog Power Semiconductor Corporation and related assets and personnel, primarily located in Shanghai, China. In June 2008, we acquired Elite Micro Devices, located in Shanghai, China. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the following:
• | difficulties in integrating the operations, systems, technologies, products and personnel of the acquired companies; |
• | diversion of management’s attention from normal daily operations of the business and the challenges of managing larger and more widespread operations resulting from acquisitions; |
• | difficulties in entering markets in which we may have no or limited direct prior experience and where competitors may have stronger market positions; |
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• | the potential loss of key employees, customers, distributors, suppliers and other business partners of the companies we acquire following and continuing after announcement of acquisition plans; |
• | improving and expanding our management information systems to accommodate expanded operations; |
• | insufficient revenue to offset increased expenses associated with acquisitions; and |
• | addressing unforeseen liabilities of acquired businesses. |
Acquisitions may also cause us to:
• | issue capital stock that would dilute our current stockholders’ percentage ownership; |
• | use a substantial portion of our cash resources or incur debt; |
• | assume liabilities; |
• | record goodwill or incur amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets; and |
• | incur large and immediate write-offs and other related expenses. |
Any of these factors could prevent us from realizing the anticipated benefits of an acquisition, and our failure to realize these benefits could adversely affect our business. In addition, we may not be successful in identifying future acquisition opportunities or in consummating any acquisitions that we may pursue on favorable terms, if at all. Any transactions that we complete may impair stockholder value or otherwise adversely affect our business and the market price of our stock. Failure to manage and successfully integrate acquisitions could materially harm our financial condition and operating results.
Our operating results, financial condition and cash flows may be adversely impacted by worldwide political and economic uncertainties and specific conditions in the markets we address, including the cyclical nature of and volatility in the semiconductor industry.
The semiconductor industry has historically exhibited cyclical behavior which at various times has included significant downturns in customer demand. These conditions have caused significant variations in product orders and production capacity utilization, as well as price erosion. Because a significant portion of our expenses is fixed in the near term or is incurred in advance of anticipated sales, we may not be able to decrease our expenses rapidly enough to offset any unanticipated shortfall in revenues. If this situation were to occur, it could adversely affect our operating results, cash flow and financial condition.
Additionally, general worldwide economic conditions have recently experienced a downturn due to slower economic activity, concerns about inflation and deflation, fears of recession, increased energy costs, decreased consumer confidence, reduced corporate profits and capital spending, adverse business conditions and liquidity concerns in the wired and wireless communications markets, recent international conflicts and terrorist and military activity and the impact of natural disasters and public health emergencies. Our operations and performance depend significantly on worldwide economic conditions and their impact on consumer spending, which has recently deteriorated significantly in many countries and regions, including the United States and Asia, and may remain depressed for the foreseeable future. For example, some of the factors that could influence consumer spending include continuing increases in fuel and other energy costs, conditions in the residential real estate and mortgage markets, labor and healthcare costs, access to credit, consumer confidence and other factors affecting consumer spending behavior. These and other economic factors could have a material adverse effect on demand for our products and on our financial condition and operating results. In addition, these conditions make it extremely difficult for our customers, our vendors and us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities, and they could cause U.S. and foreign businesses to slow spending on our products and services, which would delay and lengthen sales cycles. We cannot predict the timing, strength or duration of any economic slowdown or subsequent economic recovery, worldwide, or in the semiconductor industry. If the economy or markets in which we operate do not continue at their present levels, our business, financial condition and results of operations will likely be materially and adversely affected.
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Our business may be adversely impacted if our end customers cannot obtain sufficient supplies of other components in their products to meet their production projections and target quantities.
Our power management products are used by our customers in conjunction with a number of other components such as digital integrated circuits, baseband processors, microcontrollers and digital signal processors. If for any reason our customers incur a shortage of any component, their ability to produce the forecasted quantity of their end product or model may be adversely affected and our product sales would decline until such shortage is remedied. Such a situation could harm our operating results, cash flow and financial condition.
A failure of our information systems would adversely impact our ability to process orders for and manufacture products.
We operate a multinational business enterprise with manufacturing, administration and sales groups located in Asia, Europe and the United States. These disparate groups are currently connected by a private network-based enterprise resource planning system, where daily manufacturing operations and order entry functions rely on maintaining a reliable network among locations. Any failure of our computer network or our enterprise resource planning system would impede our ability to schedule orders, monitor production work in process and ship and bill our finished goods to our customers.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.
Our principal executive offices are located in a leased facility in Santa Clara, California, consisting of approximately 42,174 square feet of office space, under a nine-year sublease that expires in 2016. This facility accommodates our principal engineering, technology, administrative and finance activities.
We entered into a lease for a facility in Shanghai, China comprising 19,036 square feet of office space, expiring in 2010. This facility accommodates our secondary engineering activities.
Our manufacturing operations, planning, logistics and package engineering activities are located throughout Asia where we lease approximately 7,030 square feet of office space in Hong Kong under a three-year lease that expires in 2009; approximately 13,837 square feet of office space in Chupei, Taiwan, under a three-year lease that expires in 2010; and approximately 3,671 square feet of office space in Macau under a five-year lease that expires in 2012.
Our Asia sales offices occupy additional leased facilities in Taipei, Taiwan; Tokyo, Japan; Seoul, South Korea; and Shanghai, Beijing and Shenzen, China. In Europe, we have an additional sales office lease in London, England. In 2008, we closed our offices in Stockholm, Sweden and Paris, France due to demographic shifts in the design activities of our customers.
We do not own any real property. We believe that our leased facilities are adequate to meet our current needs and that additional facilities are available for lease to meet future needs.
In May 2003, we received a letter from Linear Technology Corporation (“Linear Technology”) alleging that certain of our charge pump products infringed United States Patent No. 6,411,531 (‘531 Patent) owned by Linear Technology. In August 2004, we received a letter from Linear Technology alleging that certain of our switching regulator products infringed United States Patent Nos. 5,481,178, 6,304,066 and 6,580,258 (‘258 Patent). In
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response to these letters, we contacted Linear Technology to convey our good faith belief that we do not infringe the patents in question. Subsequently, we became aware of a marketing campaign conducted by Linear Technology in which it sought to disrupt our business relationships and sales by suggesting to our customers that our products infringe the same U.S. patents mentioned in its two letters to us. As a result, in February 2006, we initiated a lawsuit against Linear Technology for unfair business practices, interference with existing and prospective customers and trade libel, as well as a declaration of patent invalidity and non-infringement. This case is currently stayed pending the outcome of the United States International Trade Commission (“USITC”) investigation described in the following paragraphs.
In March 2006, the USITC responded to a complaint filed by Linear Technology by initiating an investigation under Section 337 of the Tariff Act to determine if certain of our products infringe certain patents owned by Linear Technology. The accused products include charge pumps and switching regulators and are similar to the products involved in our lawsuit with Linear Technology.
In a Final Determination issued September 24, 2007, the USITC left unchanged its earlier initial determination that our charge pumps do not violate Section 337 of the Tariff Act because they do not infringe any valid claim of ‘531 Patent owned by Linear Technology.
The Final Determination also found that a majority of our switching regulator designs do not infringe Linear Technology’s ‘258 Patent. The USITC also found that one family of switching regulator products infringes certain claims of the ‘258 Patent. Following normal USITC procedure, the USITC issued a limited exclusion order under Section 337 of the Tariff Act prohibiting the direct importation by us of this particular product family. This exclusion order does not, however, prevent our customers from importing their products into the United States. To date, our sales of this product family in the United States have been minimal. Linear Technology’s request that downstream products be barred from importation was denied.
Linear Technology has appealed portions of the Final Determination to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. This appeal is bifurcated into separate charge pump and switching regulator portions. On August 28, 2008 the Court of Appeals issued a ruling on the charge pump portion and upheld the invalidity of the ‘531 Patent. We believe that this ends the unsuccessful attempt by Linear Technology to assert its ‘531 Patent against us at the International Trade Commission. The separate appeal for the switching regulator portion remains pending at the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
On October 1, 2008, the USITC served notice that it will begin a formal enforcement proceeding for the limited exclusion order originally issued on September 24, 2007. The enforcement proceeding has been undertaken at the request of Linear Technology which has alleged that we have violated the limited exclusion order by importing certain switching regulator products. We believe that these allegations are not based in fact and that none of our products infringe the Linear Technology patents in question. Our domestic sales of these products have been minimal to date and we expect domestic sales of these products to be minimal in future periods. However, whether or not we prevail in this proceeding, we expect to incur significant legal expenses.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
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ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTER, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The information required by this item regarding equity compensation plans is set forth under the caption “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in our 2009 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference. For additional information on our stock incentive plans and activity, see Note 6—Stock-Based Compensation to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Report.
Market Price of Our Common Stock
Our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Global Market on August 4, 2005 under the symbol “AATI.” The following table sets forth on a per share basis the high and low intra-day sales prices for our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market for the periods indicated:
High | Low | |||||
Year Ended December 31, 2008 | ||||||
First Quarter | $ | 11.36 | $ | 5.39 | ||
Second Quarter | $ | 7.96 | $ | 3.95 | ||
Third Quarter | $ | 5.18 | $ | 3.94 | ||
Fourth Quarter | $ | 4.60 | $ | 1.83 | ||
Year Ended December 31, 2007 | ||||||
First Quarter | $ | 7.15 | $ | 5.15 | ||
Second Quarter | $ | 10.02 | $ | 6.36 | ||
Third Quarter | $ | 11.23 | $ | 7.40 | ||
Fourth Quarter | $ | 13.08 | $ | 9.86 |
As of February 20, 2009, there were approximately 88 record holders of our common stock.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
We repurchase shares of our common stock under our stock repurchase program announced on October 29, 2008. Under the stock repurchase program, we were authorized to use up to $30 million to repurchase our outstanding common stock. We may repurchase shares in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased depends upon market conditions and other factors, in accordance with SEC requirements.
During 2008, we entered into agreements pursuant to SEC Rule 10b5-1 pursuant to which we authorized a third-party broker to purchase shares on our behalf during our normal blackout periods in accordance with predetermined trading instructions. In addition, we may repurchase shares of our common stock under the guidelines of SEC Rule 10b-18.
During the fourth quarter of 2008, we repurchased shares of our common stock as follows:
Total number of shares purchased | Average price paid per share | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs | Remaining funds authorized to purchase shares under the plan | |||||||
(In thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||
11/1/2008-11/30/2008 | 775 | $ | 2.57 | 775 | $ | 28,013 | ||||
12/1/2008-12/31/2008 | 1,300 | $ | 2.52 | 1,300 | $ | 24,738 |
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Stock Performance Graph
The graph below shows a comparison of the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock with the cumulative total return on the S&P 500 Index and the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index over the period from August 8, 2005, the first day of trading for our common stock, until December 31, 2008. The graph assumes $100 invested at the indicated starting date in our common stock and in each of the market indices, with the reinvestment of all dividends. Prices and stockholder returns over the indicated periods should not be considered indicative of future stock prices or stockholder returns.
Comparison of Cumulative Total Return
From August 8, 2005 to December 31, 2008
Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock and we do not currently intend to pay any cash dividends on our common stock. We expect to retain future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. Any future determination to pay dividends on our common stock will be, subject to applicable law, at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon, among other factors, our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements and contractual restrictions.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth our selected consolidated financial data for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004. You should read the following table in conjunction with the consolidated financials statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this report on Form 10-K. Operating results for any year are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future periods.
Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
NET REVENUES | $ | 90,339 | $ | 109,610 | $ | 81,161 | $ | 68,298 | $ | 51,345 | ||||||||||
Cost of revenues (including stock-based compensation of $362, $282, $268, $112 and $42 in 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively) | 46,739 | 50,934 | 34,556 | 26,964 | 19,115 | |||||||||||||||
GROSS PROFIT | 43,600 | 58,676 | 46,605 | 41,334 | 32,230 | |||||||||||||||
OPERATING EXPENSES: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development (including stock-based compensation of $2,875, $2,766, $2,403, $784 and $300 in 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively) | 29,921 | 30,991 | 23,772 | 19,479 | 14,306 | |||||||||||||||
Sales, general and administrative (including stock-based compensation of $3,095, $3,845, $3,472, $1,493 and $576 in 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively) | 24,681 | 25,757 | 22,272 | 17,624 | 10,768 | |||||||||||||||
Patent litigation | 1,751 | 3,793 | 8,536 | 27 | 473 | |||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 56,353 | 60,541 | 54,580 | 37,130 | 25,547 | |||||||||||||||
INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS | (12,753 | ) | (1,865 | ) | (7,975 | ) | 4,204 | 6,683 | ||||||||||||
INTEREST AND OTHER INCOME: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Interest and investment income | 3,124 | 5,599 | 5,823 | 2,058 | 157 | |||||||||||||||
Interest and other expense | (449 | ) | (529 | ) | (72 | ) | (121 | ) | (43 | ) | ||||||||||
Total interest and other income, net | 2,675 | 5,070 | 5,751 | 1,937 | 114 | |||||||||||||||
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | (10,078 | ) | 3,205 | (2,224 | ) | 6,141 | 6,797 | |||||||||||||
PROVISION FOR (BENEFIT FROM) INCOME TAXES | 8,309 | 1,319 | (142 | ) | 4,056 | (8,381 | ) | |||||||||||||
NET INCOME (LOSS) | $ | (18,387 | ) | $ | 1,886 | $ | (2,082 | ) | $ | 2,085 | $ | 15,178 | ||||||||
NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | (0.40 | ) | $ | 0.04 | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | 0.10 | $ | 3.43 | ||||||||
Diluted | $ | (0.40 | ) | $ | 0.04 | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.46 | ||||||||
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES USED IN NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE CALCULATION: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | 45,535 | 44,728 | 43,477 | 21,025 | 4,420 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted | 45,535 | 47,007 | 43,477 | 40,147 | 33,214 | |||||||||||||||
December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 52,094 | $ | 53,779 | $ | 58,121 | $ | 124,377 | $ | 21,705 | ||||||||||
Working capital | 118,939 | 127,805 | 115,914 | 135,973 | 34,792 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets | 153,254 | 176,468 | 161,198 | 151,323 | 44,989 | |||||||||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 141,332 | 157,291 | 145,937 | 140,402 | 38,953 |
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ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes which appear elsewhere in this report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Please see “Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this report on Form 10-K, particularly under the heading “Risk Factors.”
Overview
We are a supplier of power management semiconductors for consumer, communications and computing electronic devices, such as wireless handsets, notebook and tablet computers, smartphones, camera phones, digital cameras, personal media players, personal navigation and GPS devices, Bluetooth headphones and accessories, personal and digital multimedia TVs, set top boxes and displays. We focus our design and marketing efforts on the application-specific power management needs in these rapidly-evolving devices. We currently offer a portfolio of over 650 power management products comprising Power Management application-specific standard products, or ASSPs, and selected general-purpose analog integrated circuits, or ICs, in single-chip, multi-chip and chip-scale packages. We sell directly to original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, including LG Electronics, Inc., Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB, ZTE Corporation and Flextronics International Ltd. We sell through distributors and original design manufacturers, or ODMs, and to other system designers, including USI Corporation, Longcheer Holdings Ltd., Tianyu Communication Equipment Co., Ltd, Foxconn Electronics Inc., and Gemtek Technology Co. Ltd.
We were incorporated in 1997 and commenced operations in 1998. From 1998 to 2000, we were primarily involved in developing our technology, recruiting personnel and raising capital. Since 2001, we have focused on delivering products for what we believe to be large and high-growth market opportunities. However, we operate in the semiconductor industry, which is cyclical and has experienced significant fluctuations, and our revenues are impacted by these broad industry trends. We operate as a fabless semiconductor company, working with third parties to manufacture and assemble our integrated circuits, or ICs, rather than manufacturing them ourselves. This business model has enabled us to reduce our capital expenditures and fixed costs, while focusing our engineering and design resources on our core strengths. We believe this model also reduces the impact on our business of seasonality, cyclicality and fluctuations in demand.
We currently derive a significant portion of our revenues from sales of our Charge Pump product family, which is primarily used for driving white LED backlighting of small color displays in portable applications. We are currently diversifying our business and R&D efforts into new applications within our existing markets such as battery chargers, high-brightness camera flash and powering active-matrix organic light emitting diodes or AM-OLED displays, and into new markets such as notebook and netbook computers, HDTVs and large area LCD panel backlighting, and new router and datacom applications. We also believe energy conservation and “green” products will become increasingly important growth opportunities for power management semiconductors in the future.
Our patented ModularBCD wafer fabrication process technology expands our capability to develop high performance power solutions addressing these new markets and applications with products including higher-voltage and higher-current DC-DC switching voltage regulators, over-voltage protected lithium-ion battery chargers and multi-voltage power system-on-a-chip or PowerSOC solutions. Since the introduction of our ModularBCD technology in 2006, the revenue derived from sales of ModularBCD technology based products has increased and now represents 19% of our revenues in the fourth quarter of 2008 and 13% of overall 2008 revenues. We believe that our revenue and market diversification may occur gradually and over time, requiring several years to fully realize.
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In addition to our patented process technologies, we continue to aggressively pursue inventing and patenting new innovations in circuit design and design methodologies such as novel switching regulators and battery chargers, in package design to expand our system integration capability, and in power system architecture to improve overall performance, power efficiency, heat dissipation and reliability in the applications we serve. As of the end of 2008, we had over 110 United States patents either issued or pending.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, inventory valuation, stock-based compensation, income taxes, goodwill, long-lived assets and investments. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions which may adversely affect our results of operations and/or our financial position. We discuss the development and selection of the critical accounting estimates with the audit committee of our board of directors on a quarterly basis, and the audit committee has reviewed our disclosure relating to them in this annual report on Form 10-K.
We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenues in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104 (“SAB No. 104”), “Revenue Recognition.” SAB No. 104 requires that four basic criteria must be met before revenues can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectibility is reasonably assured. Criteria (1) and (2) are met upon receiving of purchase orders or signing of contracts and upon transfer of title which generally occurs at the time of shipment. Determination of criteria (3) and (4) is based on management’s judgment regarding the determinability of the fees charged for products delivered and the collectibility of those fees. If changes in conditions cause management to determine these criteria are not met for certain future transactions, revenues recognized for any reporting period could decline.
A large portion of our sales is made through distribution arrangements with third parties. These arrangements include stock rotation rights that generally permit the return of up to 5% of the previous six months’ purchases. We generally accept these returns in the second and fourth quarters of each annual period. We record estimated returns at the time of shipment. Our normal payment term with our distributors is 30 days from invoice date. Certain of our distributor arrangements include the possibility of sales price rebates on specified products. At the time of shipment we recognize revenue, estimate the total sales price rebate and reserve for those pricing rebates. We have also deferred revenue of $61,000 and $98,000 at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, related to three of our distributors for which we are unable to reasonably estimate returns and recognize revenues from these distributors.
We make estimates of potential future returns and sales allowances related to current period product revenue. We analyze historical return rates and changes in customer demand when evaluating the adequacy of returns and sales allowances. Although we believe we have a reasonable basis for our estimates, such estimates may differ from actual returns and sales allowances. These differences may materially impact reported revenue and amounts ultimately collected on accounts receivable.
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Inventory Valuation
We value our inventory at the lower of the actual cost of our inventory or its current estimated market value. We write down inventory for obsolescence or unmarketable inventories based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Because of the cyclicality of the market in which we operate, inventory levels, obsolescence of technology and product life cycles, we generally write down inventory for product that is over 12 months old. Additionally, we generally write down inventory in excess of nine months’ forecasted product demand to its net realizable value, which we determined to be appropriate given our historical experience and industry practice. Before the fourth quarter of 2007, we wrote down to net realizable value inventory in excess of six months’ forecasted product demand. This change resulted in approximately $0.2 million favorable impact on our gross profit for 2007. Actual demand and market conditions may be lower than those that we project and this difference could have a material adverse effect on our gross margins should inventory write-downs beyond those initially recorded become necessary. Alternatively, should actual demand and market conditions be more favorable than those we estimated at the time of such a write-down, our gross margins could be favorably impacted in future periods.
Stock-Based Compensation
On January 1, 2006, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004) (“SFAS No. 123(R)”), “Share-Based Payment,” which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors including employee stock options and employee stock purchases related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan based on estimated fair values. SFAS No. 123(R) requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in our consolidated statements of operations. The portion of stock-based compensation expenses related to options granted prior to April 4, 2005, (the date of our initial filing of a registration statement for our eventual initial public offering (“IPO”), which is the date we are considered a public company under SFAS No. 123(R)) which were previously recorded under the provisions of APB 25, continued to be amortized over the respective vesting period and did not include an estimated forfeiture rate. The actual forfeitures of these options were recorded as they occur. These options granted prior to April 4, 2005 were valued using the intrinsic value method and as of December 31, 2008, the deferred stock based compensation expense relating to these awards had been fully amortized. Option awards granted after April 4, 2005 and before January 1, 2006 were based on grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the pro forma provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (“SFAS No. 123”), “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.” The remaining unamortized fair value of these awards upon the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R), as previously calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, was adjusted for an estimated forfeiture rate and amortized over the corresponding remaining vesting period. Option awards granted subsequent to our adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) on January 1, 2006 are recorded as stock based compensation expense under the fair value method as prescribed by SFAS No. 123(R). The grant date fair value of these options was calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the use of highly subjective assumptions which determine the fair value of stock options, including the price volatility of the underlying stock and the stock option’s expected term. For purposes of estimating volatility, we use a combination of historical and market-based implied volatility in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R) and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment (“SAB No. 107”). The estimated expected term of our stock options represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. We derive the expected term assumption based on the weighted average vesting period of our stock options combined with the average post-vesting holding period of an industry peer group. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the expected term of our stock options. The dividend yield is based on our history and expectation of dividend payouts. We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on common stock, and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. If any of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model change significantly, stock-based compensation expense may differ materially in the future from amounts recorded in the current period.
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Compensation expense for all share-based payment awards continues to be recognized using the straight-line single-option method. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2008, excluding amounts related to options granted prior to April 4, 2005, is based on awards that ultimately are expected to vest and have been reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS No. 123(R) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. To the extent that we revise our estimated forfeiture rate in the future, our stock-based compensation expense could be materially impacted in the quarter of revision, as well as in the following quarters.
See Note 6—Stock Based Compensation to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Accounting for Income Taxes
We account for income taxes under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109 (“SFAS 109��), “Accounting for Income Taxes.” Under this method, we determine our deferred tax assets and liabilities based upon the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of our assets and liabilities using tax rates in effect for the year in which we expect the differences to affect taxable income. The tax consequences of most events recognized in the current year’s financial statements are included in determining income taxes currently payable. However, because tax laws and financial accounting standards differ in their recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, expenses, gains and losses, differences arise between the amount of taxable income and pretax financial income for a year and between the tax bases of assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in our financial statements. Because we assume that the reported amounts of assets and liabilities will be recovered and settled, respectively, a difference between the tax basis of an asset or a liability and its reported amount in the balance sheet will result in a taxable or a deductible amount in some future years when the related liabilities are settled or the reported amounts of the assets are recovered, which gives rise to a deferred tax asset or liability. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance.
In preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements, the Company assesses the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be realized from future taxable income. The Company establishes a valuation allowance if it determines that it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Changes in the valuation allowance, when recorded, would be included in its consolidated statements of operations as a provision for (benefit from) income taxes. The Company exercises significant judgment in determining its provisions for income taxes, its deferred tax assets and liabilities and its future taxable income for purposes of assessing its ability to utilize any future tax benefit from its deferred tax assets. During the fourth quarter of FY2008, the Company recorded a valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets, as management cannot conclude that it is more likely than not that these assets will be realized. The deferred tax asset valuation allowance was $8,655,000 and $23,000 as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
During May 2005, we implemented an international structure. We transitioned a certain portion of our logistics, order entry, purchasing and billing functions to our office in Macau, which is in closer geographic proximity to our suppliers and customers. Our corporate headquarters remains in the United States. In connection with this transition, we have implemented cost-sharing and license arrangements with our wholly-owned British Virgin Islands subsidiary, with which our wholly-owned Macau subsidiary has implemented a similar licensing arrangement to develop and license intellectual property. Pursuant to these arrangements, our British Virgin Islands and Macau subsidiaries have the non-exclusive rights to manufacture, market and distribute our products in certain geographic markets. Furthermore, our Macau subsidiary is authorized to contract with third parties for the manufacture, test and assembly of our products. As a result of these changes, we expect the percentage of our consolidated pre-tax income represented by our foreign operations to continue to increase and exceed the domestic percentage.
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Uncertain tax positions are accounted for under the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48 (“FIN 48”), “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109,” which provides a financial statement recognition threshold and measurement attribute for a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Under FIN 48, we may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. We follow the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (“SFAS No. 142”) under which goodwill is no longer subject to amortization. We evaluate goodwill for impairment, at a minimum, on an annual basis on September 30th and whenever events and changes in circumstances suggest that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level by comparing the reporting unit’s carrying amount, including goodwill, to the fair value of the reporting unit. The fair values of the reporting units are estimated using a combination of the income or discounted cash flows approach and the market approach, which utilize comparable companies’ data. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill is considered impaired and a second step is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. Because we have one reporting unit under SFAS No. 142, we assess goodwill for impairment at the entity level. We performed a goodwill impairment analysis as of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2008 pursuant to the steps and requirements under SFAS No. 142 and determined that the goodwill was not impaired.
The carrying value of our goodwill may not be recoverable due to factors indicating a decrease in the value of the Company, such as a decline in stock price and market capitalization, reduced estimates of future cash flows and slower growth rates in our industry. Estimates of future cash flows are based on an updated long-term financial outlook of our operations. However, actual performance in the near-term or long-term could be materially different from these forecasts, which could impact future estimates. For example, a significant decline in our stock price and/or market capitalization may result in goodwill impairment. We may be required to record a charge to earnings in our financial statements during a period in which an impairment of our goodwill is determined to exist, which may negatively impact our results of operations.
Long-lived assets
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (“SFAS No. 144”), we evaluate long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If impairment indicators are present, we determine whether the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than the asset’s carrying value. If the sum is less, we recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its respective fair value. The fair value is estimated using discounted cash flows, appraisals, or other methods. The fair value of the asset then becomes the asset’s new carrying value, which we depreciate over the remaining estimated useful life of the asset.
During the quarter ended December 31, 2008, we evaluated our property and equipment and intangible assets for impairment. As a result of the impairment test, we determined that our intangible assets were impaired due to a decrease in forecasted revenues associated with our acquired intangible assets. Accordingly, we recorded a $0.8 million impairment charge during the quarter ended December 31, 2008. The impairment charge was recognized in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2008 as a $0.6 million increase to cost of revenues and a $0.2 million increase to sales, general, and administrative expense.
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Investments
We account for our investment instruments in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115 (“SFAS No. 115”), “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.” At December 31, 2008, we had investments in short-term debt instruments which were classified as available-for-sale under SFAS No. 115. In accordance with SFAS No. 115, available-for-sale investments are carried at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders’ equity. On January 1, 2008, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”). We apply the provisions of SFAS No. 157 in determining the fair value of our investments. See Note 2—Investments to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the Company’s adoption of SFAS No. 157. Our short-term investments consist primarily of high grade debt securities with a maturity of greater than 90 days when purchased. Excluding our investments in auction-rate securities (“ARS”), we classify investments with maturities greater than one year as short-term investments as we consider all investments as a potential source of operating cash regardless of maturity date.
As of December 31, 2008, our investments in ARS were classified as long-term. The ARS were reclassified from short-term investments to other long-term assets during 2008 because they have failed at auction since February 2008 and are not currently considered liquid. Historically, we classified all of our ARS as available-for-sale and carried the investments at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders’ equity. However, during the quarter-ended December 31, 2008, one of our ARS was reclassified to trading securities as a result of us entering into a settlement agreement (the “Agreement”) with UBS AG (“UBS”). Under the Agreement, we were granted ARS exchange rights (“ARS Put Option”) that provide us with the right, but not the obligation, to sell one of our ARS to UBS for par value during the period of June 30, 2010 to July 2, 2012. Due to our intention to exercise the ARS Put Option and sell the ARS to UBS, we believe that classifying this ARS as trading securities is appropriate. Upon entering into the Agreement, we made an election pursuant to SFAS No. 115 to transfer these auction rate securities from available-for-sale to trading securities. In accordance with SFAS No. 115, trading securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recognized in earnings. As a result of the reclassification to trading securities, the unrealized loss balance of $0.5 million was reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss and recognized in earnings as of December 31, 2008. The loss was included in interest and other expense on our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2008.
We used a discounted cash flow model to determine the estimated fair value of our ARS and the ARS Put Option as of December 31, 2008. The assumptions used in preparing the discounted cash flow model included estimates for interest rates, estimates for discount rates using yields of comparable traded instruments adjusted for illiquidity and other risk factors, and estimates for the amount of cash flows and expected holding periods of the ARS and the ARS Put Option. These inputs reflect our own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the ARS and the ARS Put Option, including assumptions about risk, developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. Specifically, we estimated the future cash flows of our ARS over the expected holding period using a weighted average interest rate of 1.5% as of December 31, 2008. A discount factor which represents the current market conditions for instruments with similar credit quality, adjusted by 300 basis points to reflect the risk in the marketplace for the ARS, was then applied to the estimated cash flows of the ARS.
The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest earned on securities is included in interest and investment income in the consolidated statements of operations.
As of December 31, 2008, we had $109.6 million of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our historical operating results, as a percentage of net revenue for the periods indicated:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
NET REVENUES | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||
Cost of revenues | 51.7 | 46.5 | 42.6 | ||||||
GROSS PROFIT | 48.3 | 53.5 | 57.4 | ||||||
OPERATING EXPENSES: | |||||||||
Research and development | 33.1 | 28.3 | 29.3 | ||||||
Sales, general and administrative | 27.4 | 23.5 | 27.4 | ||||||
Patent litigation | 1.9 | 3.5 | 10.5 | ||||||
Total operating expenses | 62.4 | 55.3 | 67.2 | ||||||
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS | (14.1 | ) | (1.8 | ) | (9.8 | ) | |||
INTEREST AND OTHER INCOME: | |||||||||
Interest and investment income | 3.5 | 5.1 | 7.2 | ||||||
Interest and other expense | (0.6 | ) | (0.5 | ) | (0.1 | ) | |||
Total interest and other income, net | 2.9 | 4.6 | 7.1 | ||||||
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | (11.2 | ) | 2.8 | (2.7 | ) | ||||
PROVISION FOR (BENEFIT FROM) INCOME TAXES | 9.2 | 1.2 | (0.1 | ) | |||||
NET INCOME (LOSS) | (20.4 | )% | 1.6 | % | (2.6 | )% | |||
Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
Revenues
The following table illustrates our net revenues by our principal product families:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||
Amount | Percent of Revenues | Amount | Percent of Revenues | Amount | Percent of Revenues | |||||||||||||
(dollar amounts in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||
Display and Lighting Solutions | $ | 54,190 | 60 | % | $ | 63,811 | 58 | % | $ | 45,121 | 56 | % | ||||||
Voltage Regulation and DC/DC Conversion | 16,862 | 19 | 20,929 | 19 | 10,554 | 13 | ||||||||||||
Interface and Power Management | 16,516 | 18 | 22,387 | 21 | 24,690 | 30 | ||||||||||||
Battery Management | 2,771 | 3 | 2,483 | 2 | 796 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 90,339 | 100 | % | $ | 109,610 | 100 | % | $ | 81,161 | 100 | % | ||||||
Our revenues consist of sales of our power management semiconductor products, net of sales discounts, sales returns and distributor stock rotation allowances and incentives. All of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars.
Our net revenues for 2008 as compared to 2007 decreased $19.3 million, or 18 percent. The decrease was attributable to lower net revenues from sales of all of our product lines except for Battery Management which increased 12% year-over-year. Total unit shipments in 2008 decreased by 17 percent compared to 2007, while average selling prices remained relatively unchanged.
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Geographically, sales to China and Taiwan decreased in 2008 compared to 2007 due to lower shipments to our major distributors as a result of lower demand and a reduction in channel inventory. Sales in Korea increased slightly in 2008 compared to 2007 due to higher sales to two major customers.
Our net revenues for 2007 as compared to 2006 increased $28 million, or 35 percent. This growth was primarily attributable to increased sales of our Display, Lighting Solutions, Voltage Regulation and DC/DC Conversion and battery management product families, as a result of increased demand. Total unit shipments in 2007 increased 37 percent compared to 2006, while average selling prices remained flat.
Geographically, sales to China, Korea, Taiwan and North America increased in 2007 compared to 2006 due to our efforts to expand our customer base in China by offering products with more features popular in the Chinese markets. Net sales to Japan and Europe decreased.
Gross Profit
Gross profit is the difference between net revenues and cost of revenues, and gross margin represents gross profit as a percentage of net revenues. Cost of revenues, also known as cost of goods sold, consists primarily of cost of processed silicon wafers, costs associated with assembly, test and shipping of our production ICs, cost of personnel associated with manufacturing support and quality assurance and occupancy costs associated with our manufacturing support activities. Our support, quality and sustaining expenses related to manufacturing are included in our cost of revenues.
Year Ended December 31, | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||
(dollar amounts in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 90,339 | $ | 109,610 | $ | (19,271 | ) | (18 | )% | ||||||
Cost of revenues | 46,739 | 50,934 | (4,195 | ) | (8 | )% | |||||||||
Gross profit | $ | 43,600 | $ | 58,676 | $ | (15,076 | ) | (26 | )% | ||||||
Gross margin percentage | 48.3 | % | 53.5 | % | (5.2 | )% |
Our gross margin percentage was 48.3 percent in 2008, compared to 53.5 percent in 2007, representing a decrease of 5.2 percent. This decrease was primarily due to:
• | Higher excess and obsolete inventory charges resulting from lower demand for our products which caused an approximate 3 percent decrease in gross margin in 2008 and |
• | An unfavorable change in product mix in 2008 which caused an approximate 2 percent decrease in gross margin. This unfavorable change was due to us selling more lower-margin products in 2008. |
During 2008, our gross inventory write-down was approximately $4.3 million, offset by the sale of $1.7 million of previously written down inventory. During 2008, we physically scrapped $0.1 million of previously written-down inventory.
Year Ended December 31, | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||
2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||
(dollar amounts in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 109,610 | $ | 81,161 | $ | 28,449 | 35 | % | |||||||
Cost of revenues | 50,934 | 34,556 | 16,378 | 47 | % | ||||||||||
Gross profit | $ | 58,676 | $ | 46,605 | $ | 12,071 | 26 | % | |||||||
Gross margin percentage | 53.5 | % | 57.4 | % | (3.9 | )% |
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Our gross margin percentage was 53.5 percent for 2007, representing a decrease compared to 57.4 percent for 2006. This decrease was primarily due to:
• | an unfavorable change in product mix in 2007 as we sold more lower-margin products. Total unit shipment in 2007 increased 37 percent compared to 2006, while average selling prices remained flat, the increase in units shipped was mostly attributable to lower-margin products; and |
• | the effect of amortization of acquired intangible assets for a full year in 2007 compared to two months in 2006 |
This decrease was partially offset by improved product yields.
During 2007, our gross inventory write-down was approximately $4.2 million, offset by the sale of $4.1 million of previously written down inventory. During 2007, we physically scrapped $0.2 million of previously written-down inventory. In 2007 and 2006, the net effect of inventory write-down did not have a material impact on our gross profit.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee and contractor compensation, bonuses paid to employees for development of patentable designs under our patent award program and other performance bonuses, expenses for new product development and testing, expenses for process development, occupancy costs of research and development personnel, depreciation on research and development related equipment, and prototype costs for new products not yet released to production. We include expenses associated with new package development, engineering wafer lots and new test program developments in research and development expenses. We also include expenses associated with new product concept and definition and the preparation and filing of patents and other intellectual property in research and development expenses. We anticipate that we will continue to invest significant amounts in research and development activities to pursue and develop new products, processes, devices, packages and intellectual property.
Year Ended December 31, | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||
(dollar amounts in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Research and development | $ | 29,921 | $ | 30,991 | $ | (1,070 | ) | (3.5 | )% | ||||||
% of net revenues | 33.1 | % | 28.3 | % | 4.8 | % |
Research and development expenses for fiscal 2008 decreased as compared to 2007 primarily due to:
• | a $1.2 million decrease in non-recurring engineering and other engineering-related expenses; and |
• | a $0.5 million decrease in payroll, bonus, stock-based compensation expenses and employee benefit related expenses. |
• | These decreases were partially offset by a $0.3 million increase due to the write-off of in-process research and development costs due to our acquisition of Elite Micro Devices during 2008 and $0.3 million of restructuring expenses. |
Year Ended December 31, | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||
2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||
(dollar amounts in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Research and development | $ | 30,991 | $ | 23,772 | $ | 7,219 | 30.4 | % | |||||||
% of net revenues | 28.3 | % | 29.3 | % | (1.0 | )% |
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Research and development expenses for fiscal 2007 increased as compared to 2006 primarily due to:
• | a $3.1 million increase in payroll, bonus, stock-based compensation expenses and benefit related expenses as a result of higher headcount, including a full year of expenses associated with our Shanghai-based design center in 2007, compared to only two months in 2006, as a majority of our personnel there are engaged in research and development activities; |
• | a $2.3 million increase in information technology, occupancy and other research and development operation support expenses; and |
• | a $1.7 million increase in engineering expenses and outside services as we continued to develop new products. |
Sales, General and Administrative
Sales expenses consist primarily of employee and contractor compensation, sales performance and other bonuses, occupancy costs of sales personnel, sales commissions to independent sales representatives and promotional and marketing expenses. We include field application engineering support of sales activities in sales expense. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee and contractor compensation, bonuses, occupancy costs of general and administrative personnel, insurance and fees paid for professional services. Costs associated with audit and taxation, corporate governance and compliance, financial reporting and litigation matters are also general and administrative expenses.
Year Ended December 31, | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||
(dollar amounts in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Sales, general and administrative | $ | 24,681 | $ | 25,757 | $ | (1,076 | ) | (4.2 | )% | ||||||
% of net revenues | 27.3 | % | 23.5 | % | 3.8 | % |
Sales, general and administrative expenses for 2008 decreased as compared to 2007 primarily due to:
• | a $1.7 million decrease in payroll, bonus, stock-based compensation expenses and employee benefit related expenses. |
• | this decrease was partially offset by a $0.3 million increase in office supplies expense and a $0.2 million increase in restructuring expenses |
Year Ended December 31, | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||
2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||
(dollar amounts in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Sales, general and administrative | $ | 25,757 | $ | 22,272 | $ | 3,485 | 15.6 | % | |||||||
% of net revenues | 23.5 | % | 27.4 | % | (3.9 | )% |
Sales, general and administrative expenses for 2007 increased as compared to 2006 primarily due to:
• | a $4.4 million increase in payroll, bonus, stock-based compensation expenses and benefit related expenses, which resulted from higher headcount to support our rapid growth in revenues in 2007; |
• | this increase was partially offset by an approximately $1.1 million decrease in professional services. |
Patent Litigation
Year Ended December 31, | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||
(dollar amounts in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Patent litigation | $ | 1,751 | $ | 3,793 | $ | (2,042 | ) | (53.8 | )% | ||||||
% of net revenues | 1.9 | % | 3.5 | % | (1.6 | )% |
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Patent litigation expenses for 2008 decreased as compared to 2007 due to a lower level of activity related to the Linear Technology Corporation patent infringement case. We believe that we will continue to incur significant patent litigation expenses in 2009 and future years. For a description of our litigation, please see Item 3—Legal Proceedings in Part I of this report for further details.
Year Ended December 31, | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||
2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||
(dollar amounts in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Patent litigation | $ | 3,793 | $ | 8,536 | $ | (4,743 | ) | (55.6 | )% | ||||||
% of net revenues | 3.5 | % | 10.5 | % | (7 | )% |
Patent litigation expenses for 2007 decreased as compared to 2006. Our legal proceedings related to the Linear Technology Corporation patent infringement ramped up during the third quarter of 2006 and we incurred significant expenses during that quarter. Litigation expenses were significantly lower in 2007 due to lower level of activity related to this patent infringement case.
Interest and Other Income, Net
Interest and investment income was $3.1 million, $5.6 million and $5.8 million for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Interest and investment income decreased in 2008 compared to 2007 due to lower average interest rates. Interest and investment income decreased slightly in 2007 compared to 2006 due to lower average interest rates as well as lower average cash balances in 2007.
Interest and other expense in 2008 was $0.4 million, consisting primarily of a $0.5 million other-than-temporary impairment loss related to our long-term investment in a privately-held company that was accounted for using the cost method. Interest and other expense in 2007 was approximately $0.5 million, primarily consisting of a $0.3 million write-off of cumulative translation adjustment loss as a result of the liquidation of our Sweden branch office during the first quarter of 2007 and a $0.2 million other-than-temporary impairment loss related to our long-term investment in a privately-held company.
Provision For (Benefit From) Income Taxes
Our income tax provision (benefit) was $8.3 million, $1.3 million, and ($0.1) million for fiscal 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Our tax provision for 2008 was substantially higher compared to 2007 primarily due to the recording of a valuation allowance against our U.S. net deferred tax assets of $8.6 million offset by a decrease to the Company’s consolidated pre-tax income and the related tax effects in various jurisdictions. Our 2007 provision was higher compared to 2006 primarily due to the effect of significant non-deductible stock-based compensation expenses.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007) (“SFAS No. 141(R)”), “Business Combinations”, which replaces SFAS No 141. The statement retains the purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, but requires a number of changes, including changes in the way assets and liabilities are recognized in purchase accounting. It also changes the recognition of assets acquired and liabilities assumed arising from contingencies, requires the capitalization of in-process research and development at fair value, and requires the expensing of acquisition-related costs as incurred. SFAS No. 141(R) is effective for us beginning January 1, 2009 and will be applied prospectively to business combinations completed on or after that date. The impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 141(R) will depend on the nature and extent of any business combinations occurring on or after January 1, 2009.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162 (“SFAS No. 162”), “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” This statement identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for
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selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). While this statement formalizes the sources and hierarchy of GAAP within the authoritative accounting literature, it does not change the accounting principles that are already in place. This statement will be effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to U.S. Auditing Standards Section 411, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” SFAS No. 162 is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Year Ended December 31, | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||||||
(dollar amounts in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 3,458 | $ | 8,580 | $ | (5,122 | ) | (60 | )% | ||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (1,446 | ) | (14,322 | ) | 12,876 | 90 | % | ||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (3,620 | ) | 1,488 | (5,108 | ) | (343 | )% | ||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (77 | ) | (88 | ) | 11 | (13 | )% | ||||||||
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (1,685 | ) | $ | (4,342 | ) | $ | 2,657 | 61 | % | |||||
Year Ended December 31, | Increase (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||
2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||
(dollar amounts in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 8,580 | $ | 5,660 | $ | 2,920 | 52 | % | |||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (14,322 | ) | (73,129 | ) | 58,807 | 80 | % | ||||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 1,488 | 1,228 | 260 | 21 | % | ||||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (88 | ) | (15 | ) | (73 | ) | 487 | % | |||||||
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (4,342 | ) | $ | (66,256 | ) | $ | 61,914 | 93 | % | |||||
Our cash and cash equivalents were $52.1 million as of December 31, 2008 and $53.8 million as of December 31, 2007.
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Our positive cash flows from operating activities in 2008 of $3.5 million were attributable to a $7.8 million decrease in accounts receivable due to a decrease in sales and the timing of shipments, a $7.0 million decrease in deferred tax assets primarily due to an increase in our valuation allowance, a $3.2 million decrease in inventory due to lower inventory purchases and increased inventory reserves as a result of a lower sales forecast, and a $0.9 million increase in income tax payable. These cash inflows were partially offset by net loss of $18.4 million, adjusted for non-cash items including $6.3 million of stock-based compensation expense, $3.0 million of depreciation and amortization, a $0.8 million intangible asset impairment charge and a $0.5 million impairment loss on an investment in a privately-held company. Cash outflows also included a $4.6 million decrease in accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities primarily due to a decrease in payroll, bonus and employee benefit related expenses and a $3.3 million decrease in accounts payable due to lower inventory purchases as a result of lower sales.
Net cash generated by our operating activities was $8.6 million in 2007. Net income of $1.9 million was adjusted for by the stock-based compensation expenses of $6.9 million, depreciation and amortization expenses of $2.7 million and the net changes in operating assets and liabilities. Our stock-based compensation expense has increased as a result of the increased number of options granted to employees and higher fair value of these options. Depreciation and amortization expenses have also risen due to a full year of depreciation expense and
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amortization of intangible assets acquired from AP Semi. The increase in accounts receivable was due to increased sales during the fourth quarter of 2007 compared to the fourth quarter of 2006. The increase in inventories was primarily due to increased purchases of materials and production to meet expected demand.
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in our investing activities was $1.4 million in 2008, primarily consisting of $2.4 million used to purchase property and equipment and $0.6 million used for our June 2008 acquisition of Elite Micro Devices. These cash outflows were partially offset by a $2.0 million collection of a note receivable.
Net cash used in our investing activities were $14.3 million in 2007, primarily consisting of a net cash outflow of $10.8 million to purchase short-term investments, $3.3 million used to purchase engineering equipment, invest in leasehold improvements and upgrade our enterprise software and $2.0 million used to purchase a six-month note issued by a supplier. These uses of cash were offset by approximately $1.1 million of cash received as a result of a final distribution of funds from an escrow account originally established in connection with our acquisition of AP Semi (see Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report for further detail).
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities
Net cash used in our financing activities in 2008 was $3.6 million, primarily consisting of $5.3 million spent on common stock repurchases, partially offset by $1.3 million of net proceeds from exercises of common stock options.
Net cash provided by our financing activities in 2007 was $1.5 million, primarily consisting of $1.6 million in net proceeds from exercises of common stock options, offset by $0.1 million used to pay our capital lease obligations.
Liquidity
We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments balances will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. Our liquidity is not impacted by our $2.6 million investments in ARS which were not liquid as of December 31, 2008. See Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk for more information regarding our ARS.
Our long-term future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our level of revenues, the timing and extent of spending to support our product development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the timing of our introductions of new products, the costs to ensure access to adequate manufacturing capacity, our level of acquisition activity or other strategic transactions, the continuing market acceptance of our products and the amount and intensity of our litigation activity. We could be required, or could elect, to seek additional funding through public or private equity or debt financing and additional funds may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not entered into any transactions with unconsolidated entities whereby we have financial guarantees, subordinated retained interests, derivative instruments or other contingent arrangements that expose us to material continuing risks, contingent liabilities, or any other obligation under a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to the Company.
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Contractual Obligations
The following table describes our principal contractual cash obligations as of December 31, 2008:
Total | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 and beyond | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Obligations under capital leases | $ | 42 | $ | 42 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||
Operating leases | 5,503 | 1,544 | 1,095 | 553 | 568 | 516 | 1,227 | ||||||||||||||
Purchase commitments(1) | 4,086 | 3,692 | 394 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Total contractual obligations | $ | 9,631 | $ | 5,278 | $ | 1,489 | $ | 553 | $ | 568 | $ | 516 | $ | 1,227 | |||||||
(1) | Purchase commitments consist primarily of our commitment to purchase wafers and technology licenses. |
In January 2007, we entered into a sublease for our current principal executive offices, effective from September 2007 through March 2016, occupying 42,174 square feet in Santa Clara, California. This facility accommodates our principal engineering, technology, administrative and finance activities.
In September 2007, we entered into an office lease in Shanghai, China to accommodate our design team and sales personnel. The lease is effective from October 2007 through December 2010.
The table above excludes $3.3 million of liabilities under FASB Interpretation No. 48 (“FIN 48”), as we are unable to reasonably estimate the ultimate amount or timing of settlement.
Common Stock Repurchases
On October 29, 2008, the Company’s board of directors authorized a program to repurchase shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock. Under the stock repurchase program, the Company was authorized to use up to $30 million to repurchase its outstanding common stock. The Company may repurchase shares in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. During 2008, the Company repurchased a total of 2.1 million shares of its common stock for a total cost of $5.3 million.
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Risk
Our investment portfolio consists mainly of cash equivalents and short-term investments that are classified as available-for-sale securities. These investments are subject to market risk, primarily interest rate and credit risk. Our investments are managed by outside professional managers within investment guidelines set by us. Such guidelines include security type, credit quality and maturity and are intended to limit market risk by restricting the investments to high quality debt instruments with relatively short-term maturities.
As of December 31, 2008, our investment portfolio consisted of the following available-for-sale securities:
December 31, 2008 | |||||||||||||
Amortized Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized (Losses) | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||
Money market funds | $ | 36,489 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 36,489 | |||||
Municipal bonds | 26,598 | 72 | (2 | ) | 26,668 | ||||||||
U.S. government agency bonds | 23,091 | 188 | — | 23,279 | |||||||||
Corporate debt securities | 5,492 | 24 | — | 5,516 | |||||||||
U.S. Treasury bills | 2,996 | 4 | — | 3,000 | |||||||||
Auction rate securities | 2,000 | — | (167 | ) | 1,833 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 96,666 | $ | 288 | $ | (169 | ) | $ | 96,785 | ||||
Amounts included in: | |||||||||||||
Cash equivalents | $ | 37,509 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 37,509 | |||||
Short-term investments | 57,157 | 288 | (2 | ) | 57,443 | ||||||||
Other assets | 2,000 | — | (167 | ) | 1,833 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 96,666 | $ | 288 | $ | (169 | ) | $ | 96,785 | ||||
Most of our available-for-sale investments were in fixed rate, interest-earning instruments, which carry a degree of interest rate risk. Fixed rate securities may have their market value adversely impacted due to rising interest rates. However, in a declining interest rate environment such as the one we are currently experiencing, as short term investments mature, reinvestment occurs at less favorable market rates.
As of December 31, 2008, our investment portfolio also included $2.6 million of interest bearing auction rate securities (ARS), of which $0.7 million was classified as trading securities and was excluded from the above table. In addition, we were granted ARS exchange rights (“ARS Put Option”) that provide us with the right, but not the obligation, to sell one of our ARS to UBS for par value during the period of June 30, 2010 to July 2, 2012. We recorded the ARS Put Option of $0.4 million and have elected to account for such financial instrument at fair value pursuant to SFAS No. 159.
We used a discounted cash flow model to determine the estimated fair value of our ARS and the ARS Put Option as of December 31, 2008. The assumptions used in preparing the discounted cash flow model included estimates for interest rates, estimates for discount rates using yields of comparable traded instruments adjusted for illiquidity and other risk factors, and estimates for the amount of cash flows and expected holding periods of the ARS and the ARS Put Option. These inputs reflect our own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the ARS and the ARS Put Option, including assumptions about risk, developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
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The following table presents the estimated change in the value of our investment portfolio, if interest rates were to change by the amounts indicated (in thousands):
100 Basis Point Rate Increase | 200 Basis Point Rate Increase | 100 Basis Point Rate Decrease | 200 Basis Point Rate Decrease | |||||||||||
Total impact on our investment portfolio | $ | (207 | ) | $ | (471 | ) | $ | 268 | $ | 287 | ||||
We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Our sales outside the United States are transacted in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, our sales are not generally impacted by foreign currency rate changes. With exception to our operations in Hong Kong and Macau, the primary functional currency of our offshore operations was the local currency, primarily the New Taiwan Dollar and the Chinese Yuan. To date, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates have not had a material impact on our results of operations.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ADVANCED ANALOGIC TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page | ||
55 | ||
56 | ||
57 | ||
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 58 | |
60 | ||
61 |
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc.
Santa Clara, California
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Advanced Analogic Technologies Incorporated and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity and comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
As described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48,Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109,effective January 1, 2007.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the criteria established inInternal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 26, 2009, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
San Jose, California
February 26, 2009
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ADVANCED ANALOGIC TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
December 31, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | |||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
CURRENT ASSETS | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 52,094 | $ | 53,779 | ||||
Short-term investments | 57,443 | 60,448 | ||||||
Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | 109,537 | 114,227 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowances | 6,654 | 14,428 | ||||||
Inventories | 9,016 | 12,214 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 2,100 | 2,273 | ||||||
Notes receivable | — | 2,000 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes | — | 591 | ||||||
Total current assets | 127,307 | 145,733 | ||||||
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT—NET | 5,050 | 4,699 | ||||||
OTHER ASSETS | 4,060 | 1,377 | ||||||
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES | 326 | 6,815 | ||||||
INTANGIBLES—NET | 395 | 2,127 | ||||||
GOODWILL | 16,116 | 15,717 | ||||||
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 153,254 | $ | 176,468 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
CURRENT LIABILITIES | ||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 4,601 | $ | 7,938 | ||||
Accrued liabilities | 3,698 | 8,472 | ||||||
Income tax payable | 28 | 1,367 | ||||||
Current portion of capital lease obligations | 41 | 151 | ||||||
Total current liabilities | 8,368 | 17,928 | ||||||
Long-term income tax payable | 3,326 | 1,053 | ||||||
Long-term capital lease obligations | — | 41 | ||||||
Other long term liabilities | 228 | 155 | ||||||
Total liabilities | 11,922 | 19,177 | ||||||
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTES 8 and 13) | ||||||||
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: | ||||||||
Common stock, $0.001 par value—100,000,000 shares authorized; 45,926,052 shares issued and 43,851,263 outstanding in 2008; 45,355,884 shares issued and outstanding in 2007 | 46 | 45 | ||||||
Treasury stock, at cost; 2,074,789 and 0 shares as of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively | (5,262 | ) | — | |||||
Additional paid-in capital | 173,342 | 166,763 | ||||||
Deferred stock-based compensation | — | (1,058 | ) | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (56 | ) | (108 | ) | ||||
Accumulated deficit | (26,738 | ) | (8,351 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 141,332 | 157,291 | ||||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | 153,254 | $ | 176,468 | ||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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ADVANCED ANALOGIC TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share amount)
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
NET REVENUES | $ | 90,339 | $ | 109,610 | $ | 81,161 | ||||||
Cost of revenues | 46,739 | 50,934 | 34,556 | |||||||||
GROSS PROFIT | 43,600 | 58,676 | 46,605 | |||||||||
OPERATING EXPENSES: | ||||||||||||
Research and development | 29,921 | 30,991 | 23,772 | |||||||||
Sales, general and administrative | 24,681 | 25,757 | 22,272 | |||||||||
Patent litigation | 1,751 | 3,793 | 8,536 | |||||||||
Total operating expenses | 56,353 | 60,541 | 54,580 | |||||||||
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS | (12,753 | ) | (1,865 | ) | (7,975 | ) | ||||||
INTEREST AND OTHER INCOME: | ||||||||||||
Interest and investment income | 3,124 | 5,599 | 5,823 | |||||||||
Interest and other expense | (449 | ) | (529 | ) | (72 | ) | ||||||
Total interest and other income, net | 2,675 | 5,070 | 5,751 | |||||||||
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | (10,078 | ) | 3,205 | (2,224 | ) | |||||||
PROVISION FOR (BENEFIT FROM) INCOME TAXES | 8,309 | 1,319 | (142 | ) | ||||||||
NET INCOME (LOSS) | $ | (18,387 | ) | $ | 1,886 | $ | (2,082 | ) | ||||
NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE: | ||||||||||||
Basic | $ | (0.40 | ) | $ | 0.04 | $ | (0.05 | ) | ||||
Diluted | $ | (0.40 | ) | $ | 0.04 | $ | (0.05 | ) | ||||
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES USED IN NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE CALCULATION: | ||||||||||||
Basic | 45,535 | 44,728 | 43,477 | |||||||||
Diluted | 45,535 | 47,007 | 43,477 |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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ADVANCED ANALOGIC TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands)
Common Stock | Treasury Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Deferred Stock-based Compen- sation | Accumulated Other Compre- hensive loss | Accumulated Deficit | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE—January 1, 2006 | 43,166 | $ | 43 | — | $ | — | $ | 155,002 | $ | (5,444 | ) | $ | (501 | ) | $ | (8,698 | ) | $ | 140,402 | |||||||||||
Net loss | (2,082 | ) | (2,082 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 17 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments, net of taxes | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss | (2,061 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional expenses incurred in initial public offering | (5 | ) | (5 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of common stock options | 891 | 1 | 979 | 980 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax benefit from equity transactions | 311 | 311 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of common stock warrants | 8 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense to employees | 3,876 | 102 | 3,978 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vesting of restricted common stock | 153 | 153 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reversal of deferred stock-based compensation due to employee terminations | (502 | ) | 502 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation | 1,905 | 1,905 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation to non-employees | 270 | 270 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE—December 31, 2006 | 44,065 | $ | 44 | — | $ | — | $ | 160,088 | $ | (2,935 | ) | $ | (480 | ) | $ | (10,780 | ) | $ | 145,937 | |||||||||||
Cumulative effect of adoption of FIN 48 | 543 | 543 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE—January 1, 2007 | 44,065 | $ | 44 | — | $ | — | $ | 160,088 | $ | (2,935 | ) | $ | (480 | ) | $ | (10,237 | ) | $ | 146,480 | |||||||||||
Net income | 1,886 | 1,886 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 272 | 272 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments, net of taxes | 100 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income | 2,258 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of common stock options | 1,291 | 1 | 1,624 | 1,625 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense to employees | 4,635 | 4,635 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vesting of restricted common stock | 23 | 23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reversal of deferred stock-based compensation due to employee terminations | (210 | ) | 210 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation | 1,667 | 1,667 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation to non-employees | 603 | 603 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE—December 31, 2007 | 45,356 | $ | 45 | — | $ | — | $ | 166,763 | $ | (1,058 | ) | $ | (108 | ) | $ | (8,351 | ) | $ | 157,291 | |||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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ADVANCED ANALOGIC TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)—(Continued)
(in thousands)
Common Stock | Treasury Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Deferred Stock-based Compen- sation | Accumulated Other Compre- hensive loss | Accumulated Deficit | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | (18,387 | ) | (18,387 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 78 | 78 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale investments, net of taxes | (26 | ) | (26 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive loss | (18,335 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of common stock options | 570 | 1 | 1,282 | 1,283 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax benefit from stock option exercises | 16 | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense to employees | 5,285 | 5,285 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vesting of restricted common stock | 12 | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reversal of deferred stock-based compensation due to employee terminations | (27 | ) | 27 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation | 1,031 | 1,031 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation to non-employees | 11 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common stock repurchases | (2,075 | ) | (5,262 | ) | — | (5,262 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE—December 31, 2008 | 45,926 | $ | 46 | (2,075 | ) | $ | (5,262 | ) | $ | 173,342 | $ | — | $ | (56 | ) | $ | (26,738 | ) | $ | 141,332 | |||||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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ADVANCED ANALOGIC TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | (18,387 | ) | $ | 1,886 | $ | (2,082 | ) | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 3,004 | 2,721 | 1,820 | |||||||||
Stock-based compensation | 6,332 | 6,893 | 6,143 | |||||||||
Intangible asset impairment charge | 755 | — | — | |||||||||
Net unrealized loss on trading securities | 68 | — | — | |||||||||
Cumulative effect of adoption of FIN 48 | — | 543 | — | |||||||||
Loss on liquidation of a foreign branch office | — | 266 | — | |||||||||
Impairment loss on an investment in a privately-held company | 508 | 200 | — | |||||||||
Provision for doubtful accounts | 5 | (6 | ) | (300 | ) | |||||||
Tax benefit from stock option exercises | 16 | — | — | |||||||||
Excess tax benefit from employee equity incentive plans | (511 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
(Gain)/Loss on sales of property and equipment | (6 | ) | 9 | 49 | ||||||||
In-process research and development | 255 | — | 290 | |||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions: | ||||||||||||
Accounts receivable | 7,769 | (3,385 | ) | 324 | ||||||||
Inventories | 3,193 | (3,724 | ) | (1,005 | ) | |||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 207 | (13 | ) | (429 | ) | |||||||
Other assets | 87 | (95 | ) | (72 | ) | |||||||
Deferred income taxes | 7,038 | (616 | ) | (922 | ) | |||||||
Accounts payable | (3,252 | ) | 948 | 600 | ||||||||
Accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities | (4,554 | ) | 1,782 | 1,265 | ||||||||
Income taxes payable | 931 | 1,171 | (21 | ) | ||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 3,458 | 8,580 | 5,660 | |||||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment | (2,351 | ) | (3,269 | ) | (1,397 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment | 14 | — | — | |||||||||
Purchases of short-term investments | (66,850 | ) | (90,231 | ) | (70,464 | ) | ||||||
Collection of (investment in) short-term notes receivable (Note 2) | 2,000 | (2,000 | ) | — | ||||||||
Purchases of long-term investments (Note 2) | (250 | ) | (76 | ) | (900 | ) | ||||||
Purchase of technology license | (200 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments | 66,838 | 79,479 | 20,900 | |||||||||
Restricted cash escrow funds received (paid) | — | 700 | (700 | ) | ||||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (Note 4) | (647 | ) | 1,075 | (20,568 | ) | |||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (1,446 | ) | (14,322 | ) | (73,129 | ) | ||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
Initial public offering expenses | — | — | (5 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of common stock options | 1,283 | 1,625 | 984 | |||||||||
Excess tax benefit from employee equity incentive plans | 511 | — | 311 | |||||||||
Common stock repurchases | (5,262 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Principal payments on capital lease obligations | (152 | ) | (137 | ) | (62 | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (3,620 | ) | 1,488 | 1,228 | ||||||||
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (77 | ) | (88 | ) | (15 | ) | ||||||
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (1,685 | ) | (4,342 | ) | (66,256 | ) | ||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—Beginning of period | 53,779 | 58,121 | 124,377 | |||||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—End of period | $ | 52,094 | $ | 53,779 | $ | 58,121 | ||||||
NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
Vesting of restricted common stock | $ | 12 | $ | 22 | $ | 153 | ||||||
Increases (decreases) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities related to property and equipment purchases | $ | (234 | ) | $ | 136 | $ | 126 | |||||
Property and equipment acquired under capital leases | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 371 | ||||||
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | ||||||||||||
Cash paid for interest | $ | 13 | $ | 26 | $ | 8 | ||||||
Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 311 | $ | 233 | $ | 496 |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
1. BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization—Advanced Analogic Technologies Incorporated and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company”) was incorporated on August 21, 1997 (inception) in California, reincorporated on April 11, 2005 in Delaware and is a supplier of power management semiconductors for consumer electronic devices such as wireless handsets, notebook computers, smartphones, digital cameras and digital audio players. The Company focuses its design and marketing efforts on the application-specific power management needs of consumer communications and computing applications in these rapidly-evolving devices. Through the Company’s “Total Power Management” approach, the Company offers a broad range of products that support multiple applications, features and services across a diverse set of consumer electronic devices.
Principles of Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Estimates—The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets, and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of net revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Concentration of Credit Risk—Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments and receivables. As specified in the Company’s investment policy, the Company invests only in high-quality credit instruments with maturities of one year or less and limits the amount invested with any one issuer. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and limits the amount of credit extended when deemed necessary. The Company’s top three customers accounted for a total of 68 percent and 65 percent of net accounts receivable at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Cash and Cash Equivalents—Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of 90 days or less at the time of purchase. Investments with maturities of over 90 days at the time of purchase are generally classified as short-term investments.
Investments—The Company accounts for its investment instruments in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities” (“SFAS No. 115”).
On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”). The Company applies the provisions of SFAS No. 157 to measure the fair value of its investments. See Note 2—Investments for additional details regarding the Company’s adoption of SFAS No. 157.
Short-term investments consist primarily of high grade debt securities with a maturity of greater than 90 days when purchased. The Company generally classifies investments with maturities greater than one year as short-term investments as it considers all investments a potential source of operating cash, regardless of maturity date. All of the Company’s short-term investments are classified as available-for-sale as of December 31, 2008.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
In accordance with SFAS No. 115, available-for-sale investments are carried at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, a separate component of stockholders’ equity.
As of December 31, 2008, the Company’s investments in auction-rate securities (“ARS”) were classified as other long-term assets on its consolidated balance sheet. The Company classified one of its ARS as trading securities, while the remaining ARS were classified as available-for-sale. In accordance with SFAS No. 115, trading securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recognized in earnings. See Note 2—Investments for additional information regarding the Company’s ARS investments.
The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Interest earned on securities is included in “interest and investment income” in the consolidated statements of operations.
The Company’s investment portfolio also consisted of the following investments as of December 31, 2008:
Investment in a privately-held company
The Company’s investment in a privately-held company is carried at cost and evaluated for other than temporary impairment at each reporting period. The Company’s ownership interest is less than 20 percent and is accounted for using the cost method. This investment is included in other long-term assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. See Note 2—Investmentsfor additional information regarding this investment.
Auction-rate securities put option (“ARS Put Option”)
On November 12, 2008, the Company entered into an agreement, that provides the Company with the right, but not the obligation, to sell one of its ARS to UBS AG (“UBS”) for par value during the period of June 30, 2010 to July 2, 2012. The ARS Put Option will provide the Company with the opportunity to recover the estimated unrealized loss on one of its ARS investments. The Company recorded the fair value of the ARS Put Option upon receipt and included it in other long-term assets on its December 31, 2008 consolidated balance sheet. In accordance with SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—Including an Amendment of SFAS No. 115” (“SFAS No. 159”), which was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2008, the Company elected fair value accounting for the ARS Put Option. Unrealized gains and losses related to the ARS Put Option will be recognized in earnings. See Note 2—Investments for additional information regarding the ARS Put Option.
Inventory—Inventory is stated at the lower of the actual cost (first-in, first-out method) of the inventory or its current market value. Inventory consists of work in process (principally processed wafers and products at third party assembly and test subcontractors) and finished goods. The Company generally writes down inventory for product that is over 12 months old, due to the cyclicality of the market in which the Company operates, inventory levels, obsolescence of technology and product life cycles. Starting from the fourth quarter of 2007, the Company writes down inventory in excess of nine months forecasted product demand to its net realizable value. Previously, the Company generally wrote down to net realizable value inventory in excess of six months forecasted product demand. This change resulted in approximately $0.2 million favorable impact on the Company’s gross profit for 2007. During 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company recorded inventory write-downs of $4.3 million, $4.2 million and $3.3 million, respectively, due to excess and obsolete inventory.
Property and Equipment—Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
lives for office and test equipment of three to five years, computers and software of two to three years, and leasehold improvements over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvement. Depreciation expense was $1.8 million, $1.6 million and $1.6 million for years 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets—Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. The Company follows the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (“SFAS No. 142”), under which goodwill is no longer subject to amortization. The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment, at a minimum, on an annual basis on September 30 and whenever events and changes in circumstances suggest that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level by comparing the reporting unit’s carrying amount, including goodwill, to the fair value of the reporting unit. The fair values of the reporting units are estimated using a combination of the income or discounted cash flows approach and the market approach, which utilize comparable companies’ data. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill is considered impaired and a second step is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. Because the Company has one reporting unit under SFAS No. 142, it assesses goodwill for impairment at the entity level. The Company performed a goodwill impairment analysis as of September 30, 2008 pursuant to the steps and requirements under SFAS No. 142 and determined that goodwill was not impaired.
As of December 31, 2008, the Company determined that goodwill impairment indicators existed, including a decrease in net revenues and a sustained decline in the Company’s market capitalization. In accordance with SFAS No. 142, the Company performed an interim goodwill impairment test as of December 31, 2008. The Company engaged an independent valuation firm to assist with the testing of the carrying value of goodwill. The analysis included estimates of the Company’s fair value using multiple valuation techniques. As a result of the analysis, the Company determined that goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2008.
Long-Lived Assets (Excluding Goodwill)—In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Statements No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” (“SFAS No. 144”), the Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If impairment indicators are present, the Company determines whether the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than the asset’s carrying value. If the sum is less, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its respective fair value. The fair value is estimated using discounted cash flows, appraisals, or other methods. The fair value of the asset then becomes the asset’s new carrying value, which the Company depreciates over the remaining estimated useful life of the asset.
During the quarter ended December 31, 2008, the Company evaluated its property and equipment and intangible assets for impairment. As a result of the impairment test, the Company determined that its intangible assets were impaired due to a decrease in forecasted revenues associated with its acquired intangible assets (see Note 4—Acquisitionsfor further details regarding Core Technology and Customer Relationships acquired as part of the Company’s acquisition of Analog Power Semiconductor Corporation). The Company estimated the fair value of these assets using a discounted cash flow model in which it estimated future cash flows on a part by part basis for Core Technology and a customer by customer basis for Customer Relationships. Based on the discounted cash flows calculation, the Company determined the carrying amount of these acquired intangible assets exceeded their fair value by $0.8 million. Accordingly, the Company recorded a $0.8 million impairment
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
charge during the quarter ended December 31, 2008. The impairment charge was recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2008 as a $0.6 million increase to cost of revenues and a $0.2 million increase to sales, general, and administrative expense.
The following table summarizes the Company’s intangible assets as of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively:
Intangible Assets, Gross | Accumulated Amortization | Intangible Assets, Net | ||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | December 31, 2008(1) | December 31, 2007 | December 31, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Core technology | $ | 2,900 | $ | 2,900 | $ | (2,724 | ) | $ | (1,129 | ) | $ | 176 | $ | 1,771 | ||||||
Customer relationships | 580 | 580 | (544 | ) | (224 | ) | 36 | 356 | ||||||||||||
Technology license | 200 | — | (17 | ) | — | 183 | — | |||||||||||||
Total | $ | 3,680 | $ | 3,480 | $ | (3,285 | ) | $ | (1,353 | ) | $ | 395 | $ | 2,127 | ||||||
(1) | Accumulated amortization includes a $0.8 million intangible asset impairment charge recorded during the year ended December 31, 2008. See above for further details. |
The Company amortizes intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense of purchased intangible assets was $1.2 million, $1.2 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Future amortization for these intangible assets is expected to be $0.3 million in 2009 and less than $0.1 million in both 2010 and 2011.
Revenue Recognition—The Company recognizes revenues in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104 (“SAB No. 104”), “Revenue Recognition.” SAB No. 104 requires that four basic criteria be met before revenues can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectibility is reasonably assured. Criteria (1) and (2) are met upon receiving of purchase orders or signing of contracts and upon transfer of title which generally occurs at the time of shipment. Determination of criteria (3) and (4) is based on management’s judgment regarding the determinability of the fees charged for products delivered and the collectibility of those fees. If changes in conditions cause management to determine these criteria are not met for certain future transactions, revenues recognized for any reporting period could decline.
A large portion of the Company’s sales is made through distribution arrangements with third parties. These arrangements include stock rotation rights that generally permit the return of up to 5% of the previous six months’ net purchases. The Company generally accepts these returns in the second and fourth quarters of each annual period. The Company records estimated returns at the time of shipment. The Company’s normal payment terms with its distributors are 30 days from invoice date. Certain of the Company’s distributor arrangements include the possibility of sales price rebates on specified products. At the time of shipment, the Company recognizes revenue, estimates the total sales price rebate and reserves for those pricing rebates. The Company has also deferred revenue of $61,000 and $98,000 at December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, related to three of its distributors for which the Company is unable to reasonably estimate returns, and recognizes revenues from these distributors upon their subsequent resale to their customers.
The Company makes estimates of potential future returns and sales allowances related to current period product revenue. The Company analyzes historical return rates and changes in customer demand when evaluating the adequacy of returns and sales allowances. Although the Company believes it has a reasonable basis for its
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Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
estimates, such estimates may differ from actual returns and sales allowances. These differences may materially impact reported revenue and amounts ultimately collected on accounts receivable.
Bad Debt Allowances—The Company monitors the collectibility of accounts receivable primarily through review of the accounts receivable aging. When facts and circumstances indicate the collection of specific amounts or from specific customers is at risk, the Company assesses the impact on amounts recorded for bad debts and, if necessary, will record a charge in the period such determination is made. In addition, the Company reserves a percentage of its accounts receivable to various customers that are significantly aged based on its historical collection experience. The Company wrote-off accounts receivable of $0 in 2008 and 2007 and $306,000 in 2006.
Warranty Costs—The Company provides a 12-month warranty against defects in materials and workmanship and will either repair the goods, provide replacement products at no charge to the customer or refund amounts to the customer for defective products. The Company records estimated warranty costs, based on historical experience over the preceding 12 months by product, at the time it recognizes product revenues. A summary of the Company’s warranty liability, which is included in accrued liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet, is as follows:
Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 101 | $ | 204 | $ | 39 | ||||||
Accruals for sales in the period | 123 | 218 | 319 | |||||||||
Costs incurred | (143 | ) | (321 | ) | (154 | ) | ||||||
Balance at end of period | $ | 81 | $ | 101 | $ | 204 | ||||||
Restructuring Costs—During the year ended December 31, 2008, a restructuring plan was approved for the purpose of reducing future operating expenses by eliminating approximately 12 percent of the Company’s global workforce. In addition to the reduction in force, the Company closed its offices in Stockholm, Sweden and Paris, France. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities,” the Company recorded a restructuring charge of $0.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2008 which consisted of $0.5 million of severance costs related to the reduction in force and less than $0.1 million for office closure and related costs. Of the total $0.5 million restructuring charge, $0.2 million was paid during the quarter ended December 31, 2008. The balance of the Company’s restructuring liability, which was included in accrued liabilities on its condensed consolidated balance sheet, was $0.3 million as of December 31, 2008 and is expected to be paid during the quarter ending March 31, 2009.
Advertising Costs—Advertising costs such as trade shows, promotions, public relations, and publications are expensed as incurred and are included in sales, general and administrative expenses. Advertising costs were $0.7 million, $0.8 million and $0.7 million for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Research and Development—Research and development expenses are included in operating expenses as incurred.
Income Taxes—Income taxes are accounted for under the provisions of SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” Under this method, the deferred tax assets and liabilities are estimated based upon the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using tax rates in effect for the year in which the Company expects the differences to affect taxable income. The tax consequences of most events
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
recognized in the current year’s financial statements are included in determining income taxes currently payable. However, because tax laws and financial accounting standards differ in their recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, expenses, gains and losses, differences arise between the amount of taxable income and pretax financial income for a year and between the tax bases of assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. Because the Company assumes that the reported amounts of assets and liabilities will be recovered and settled, respectively, a difference between the tax basis of an asset or a liability and its reported amount in the consolidated balance sheet will result in a taxable or a deductible amount in some future years when the related liabilities are settled or the reported amounts of the assets are recovered, which gives rise to a deferred tax asset or liability.
In preparing its consolidated financial statements, the Company assesses the likelihood that the deferred tax assets will be realized from future taxable income. The Company establishes a valuation allowance if it determines it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Changes in the valuation allowance, when recorded, would be included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as a provision for (benefit from) income taxes. The Company exercises significant judgment in determining its provisions for income taxes, its deferred tax assets and liabilities and its future taxable income for purposes of assessing its ability to utilize any future tax benefit from its deferred tax assets.
The Company estimates the provision for income taxes based on income before income taxes for each tax jurisdiction in which the Company has established operations. The Company does not provide incremental U.S. income taxes on un-remitted foreign earnings taxed at rates less than the U.S. tax rates as such earnings are considered permanently invested.
On January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48 (“FIN 48”), “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109,” which provides a financial statement recognition threshold and measurement attribute for a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Under FIN 48, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and income tax disclosures.
Stock-Based Compensation—On January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment,” which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors. SFAS No. 123(R) requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The portion of stock-based compensation expense related to options granted prior to April 4, 2005, (the date of the Company’s initial filing of a registration statement for its eventual initial public offering (“IPO”), which is the date the Company is considered a public company under SFAS No. 123(R)) which were previously recorded under the provisions of APB No. 25, were amortized over the respective vesting period and did not include an estimated forfeiture rate. The actual forfeitures of these options were recorded as they occurred. These options granted prior to April 4, 2005 were valued using the intrinsic value method and as of December 31, 2008, the Company has fully amortized the deferred stock based compensation related to these options. Option awards granted after April 4, 2005 and before January 1, 2006
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Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
were based on grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the pro forma provisions of SFAS No. 123 (“SFAS No. 123”), “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.” The remaining unamortized fair value of these awards upon the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R), as previously calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, was adjusted for an estimated forfeiture rate and amortized over the corresponding remaining vesting period. Option awards granted subsequent to the Company’s adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) on January 1, 2006 are recorded as stock-based compensation expense under the fair value method as prescribed by SFAS No. 123(R). The grant date fair value of these options was also calculated by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the use of highly subjective assumptions which determine the fair value of stock options, including the price volatility of the underlying stock and the stock option’s expected term. For purposes of estimating volatility, the Company uses a combination of historical and market-based implied volatility in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R) and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, Share-Based Payment (“SAB No. 107”). The estimated expected term of the Company’s stock options represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. The Company derives the expected term assumption based on the weighted average vesting period of its stock options combined with the average post-vesting holding period of an industry peer group. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the expected term of the Company’s stock options. The dividend yield is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on common stock, and it does not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Compensation expense for all share-based payment awards is recognized using the straight-line single-option method. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2008, excluding amounts related to options granted prior to April 4, 2005, are based on awards that ultimately are expected to vest and have been reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS No. 123(R) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. To the extent that the Company revises its estimated forfeiture rate in the future, stock-based compensation expense could be materially impacted in the quarter of revision, as well as in the following quarters.
For further information regarding the Company’s valuation of share-based payment awards and stock-based compensation expense, see Note 6—Stock-based compensation.
Foreign Currency—The functional currencies of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are their local currency, with the exception of the Company’s Macau, Cayman and Hong Kong entities, which are U.S. dollars. Accordingly, gains and losses from translation of the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries with a local functional currency are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Foreign currency transaction gains (losses) were $81,000, $(296,000) and $(37,000) for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Foreign currency transaction losses in 2007 included a write-off of $266,000 cumulative translation adjustment loss as a result of the liquidation of the Company’s Sweden branch office in the first quarter of 2007.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)—In accordance with SFAS No. 130, “Reporting Comprehensive Income,” the Company reports, by major components and as a single total, the change in its stockholders’ equity during the period from non-owner sources. The unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments and foreign currency translation adjustments are comprehensive income items applicable to the Company. Statements of comprehensive income (loss) have been included within the consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity.
Net Income (Loss) Per Share—The Company calculates net income (loss) per share in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 128, “Earnings Per Share” (“SFAS No. 128”). Under SFAS
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Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
No. 128, basic net income (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period excluding shares subject to repurchase. Diluted net income per common share reflects the effect of potentially dilutive securities, which consist of common stock options and warrants, common stock subject to repurchase and preferred stock warrants, under the treasury stock method. The effect of potentially dilutive securities is excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share when their effect is anti-dilutive. A reconciliation of shares used in the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share is as follows:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 45,553 | 44,795 | 43,785 | ||||||
Weighted average shares subject to repurchase | (18 | ) | (67 | ) | (308 | ) | |||
Shares used to calculate basic net income (loss) per share | 45,535 | 44,728 | 43,477 | ||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: | |||||||||
Common and preferred stock warrants | — | 8 | — | ||||||
Common stock options | — | 2,204 | �� | — | |||||
Weighted average shares subject to repurchase | — | 67 | — | ||||||
Dilutive potential common stock | — | 2,279 | — | ||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution | 45,535 | 47,007 | 43,477 | ||||||
Outstanding stock options of approximately 8.1 million and 2.9 million shares were excluded from the computation of dilutive potential common stock for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, as they are considered anti-dilutive. For 2006, outstanding common stock options of 2.9 million shares, weighted average shares subject to repurchase of 0.3 million shares and common stock warrants of less than 0.1 million shares were excluded from the computation of dilutive potential common stock, as they were considered anti-dilutive.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards—In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007) (“SFAS No. 141(R)”), “Business Combinations”, which replaces SFAS No 141. The statement retains the purchase method of accounting for acquisitions, but requires a number of changes, including changes in the way assets and liabilities are recognized in purchase accounting. It also changes the recognition of assets acquired and liabilities assumed arising from contingencies, requires the capitalization of in-process research and development at fair value, and requires the expensing of acquisition-related costs as incurred. SFAS No. 141(R) is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2009 and will be applied prospectively to business combinations completed on or after that date. The impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 141(R) will depend on the nature and extent of any business combinations occurring on or after January 1, 2009.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162 (“SFAS No. 162”), “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” This statement identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with GAAP. While this statement formalizes the sources and hierarchy of GAAP within the authoritative accounting literature, it does not change the accounting principles that are already in place. This statement will be effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to U.S. Auditing Standards Section 411, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” SFAS No. 162 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
2. INVESTMENTS
The following is a summary of cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments classified as available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2008 and 2007:
December 31, 2008 | |||||||||||||
Amortized Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized (Losses) | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||
Money market funds | $ | 36,489 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 36,489 | |||||
Municipal bonds | 26,598 | 72 | (2 | ) | 26,668 | ||||||||
U.S. government agency bonds | 23,091 | 188 | — | 23,279 | |||||||||
Corporate debt securities | 5,492 | 24 | — | 5,516 | |||||||||
U.S. Treasury Bills | 2,996 | 4 | — | 3,000 | |||||||||
Auction rate securities | 2,000 | — | (167 | ) | 1,833 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 96,666 | $ | 288 | $ | (169 | ) | $ | 96,785 | ||||
Amounts included in: | |||||||||||||
Cash equivalents | $ | 37,509 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 37,509 | |||||
Short-term investments | 57,157 | 288 | (2 | ) | 57,443 | ||||||||
Other assets | 2,000 | — | (167 | ) | 1,833 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 96,666 | $ | 288 | $ | (169 | ) | $ | 96,785 | ||||
December 31, 2007 | |||||||||||||
Amortized Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized (Losses) | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | |||||||||||||
Money market funds | $ | 11,596 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 11,596 | |||||
Corporate debt securities | 39,620 | 62 | (8 | ) | 39,674 | ||||||||
U.S. government agency bonds | 46,618 | 86 | — | 46,704 | |||||||||
Municipal bonds | 1,004 | — | — | 1,004 | |||||||||
Auction rate securities | 7,500 | — | — | 7,500 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 106,338 | $ | 148 | $ | (8 | ) | $ | 106,478 | ||||
Amounts included in: | |||||||||||||
Cash equivalents | $ | 46,022 | $ | 8 | $ | — | $ | 46,030 | |||||
Short-term investments | 60,316 | 140 | (8 | ) | 60,448 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 106,338 | $ | 148 | $ | (8 | ) | $ | 106,478 | ||||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
The contractual maturities of the Company’s cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments classified as available-for-sale are as follows:
December 31, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | |||||
(in thousands) | ||||||
Due in one year or less | $ | 90,833 | $ | 84,944 | ||
Due after one year through five years | 4,119 | 14,034 | ||||
Due after 10 years | 1,833 | 7,500 | ||||
Total | $ | 96,785 | $ | 106,478 | ||
Fair value measurements—On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS No. 159 which permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. Upon the adoption of SFAS No. 159, the Company chose not to elect the fair value option for its financial assets and liabilities existing as of January 1, 2008. Further, the Company did not elect the fair value option for any financial assets and liabilities recorded during the year ended December 31, 2008 other than the ARS Put Option received upon the Company entering into an ARS settlement agreement with UBS.
On January 1, 2008, the Company also adopted SFAS No. 157 to measure the fair value of certain of its financial assets required to be measured on a recurring basis.
SFAS No. 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Under SFAS No. 157, based on the observability of the inputs used in the valuation techniques, the Company is required to provide information according to a fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value will be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Directly or indirectly observable market based inputs used in models or other valuation methodologies.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data. The inputs require significant management judgment or estimation.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
The following table presents the fair value of the Company’s financial assets as of December 31, 2008, as measured using the SFAS No. 157 input categories:
Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2008 Using: | |||||||||||||||
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Total | ||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | |||||||||||||||
Money market funds | $ | 36,489 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 36,489 | |||||||
Municipal bonds | 26,668 | — | — | 26,668 | |||||||||||
U.S. government agency bonds | 23,279 | — | — | 23,279 | |||||||||||
Corporate Debt Securities | — | 5,516 | — | 5,516 | |||||||||||
U.S. Treasury bills | 3,000 | — | — | 3,000 | |||||||||||
Auction rate securities | — | — | 1,833 | 1,833 | |||||||||||
Total Available-for-sale securities | $ | 89,436 | $ | 5,516 | $ | 1,833 | $ | 96,785 | |||||||
Other investments: | |||||||||||||||
Auction rate securities classified as trading securities | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 720 | $ | 720 | |||||||
ARS put option | — | — | 412 | 412 | |||||||||||
Investment in privately-held company | — | — | 644 | 644 | |||||||||||
Total Other investments | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,776 | $ | 1,776 | |||||||
Amounts included in: | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 37,509 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 37,509 | |||||||
Short-term investments | 51,927 | 5,516 | — | 57,443 | |||||||||||
Long-term investments | — | — | 3,609 | 3,609 | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 89,436 | $ | 5,516 | $ | 3,609 | $ | 98,561 | |||||||
The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for the assets measured at fair value using unobservable inputs (Level 3):
|
| ||||||||||||||
Fair Value Measurement Using Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | |||||||||||||||
Auction Rate Securities | ARS Put Option | Investment in privately-held company | Total | ||||||||||||
Beginning balances as of January 1, 2008 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,152 | $ | 1,152 | |||||||
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 | 3,200 | — | — | 3,200 | |||||||||||
Unrealized losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss | (167 | ) | — | — | (167 | ) | |||||||||
Unrealized losses recognized in earnings | (480 | ) | — | (508 | ) | (988 | ) | ||||||||
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements | — | 412 | — | 412 | |||||||||||
Ending balances as of December 31, 2008 | $ | 2,553 | $ | 412 | $ | 644 | $ | 3,609 | |||||||
The amount of total losses for the period included in other comprehensive loss attributable to the change in unrealized losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date | $ | (167 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (167 | ) | |||||
The amount of total losses for the period recognized in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized losses relating to assets still held at the reporting date | $ | (480 | ) | $ | — | $ | (508 | ) | $ | (988 | ) | ||||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
Auction-rate securities
As of December 31, 2008, the Company’s investment portfolio included $2.6 million of interest bearing auction rate securities (ARS). The ARS represent investments in debt obligations collateralized by Federal Family Education Program student loans. At the time of acquisition, these ARS investments were intended to provide liquidity via an auction process that resets the applicable interest rate at predetermined calendar intervals, allowing investors to either roll over their holdings or gain immediate liquidity by selling such interests at par. The monthly auctions historically provided a liquid market for these securities. However, beginning in fiscal year 2008, uncertainties in the credit markets affected all of the Company’s holdings in ARS investments and auctions for the Company’s ARS have failed to settle on their respective settlement dates. Auctions for the Company’s ARS failed from February 2008 through December 31, 2008. Consequently, the investments are not currently liquid and the Company will not be able to access these funds until a future auction of these investments is successful or a buyer is found outside of the auction process.
As a result of the ARS liquidity issues, the ARS were reclassified from short-term investments to other long-term assets during the first quarter of 2008. Historically, the Company classified all of its ARS as available-for-sale and carried the investments at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a separate component of stockholders’ equity. While the Company continues to classify some of its ARS as available-for-sale, during the quarter-ended December 31, 2008, one of the Company’s ARS was reclassified to trading securities as a result of the Company entering into a settlement agreement with UBS (“the Agreement”). Under the Agreement, the Company was granted ARS exchange rights (“ARS Put Option”) that provide the Company with the right, but not the obligation, to sell one of its ARS to UBS for par value during the period of June 30, 2010 to July 2, 2012. Upon entering into the Agreement, the Company made an election pursuant to SFAS No. 115 to transfer these auction rate securities from available-for-sale to trading securities.
The Company used a discounted cash flow model to determine the estimated fair value of its ARS and the ARS Put Option as of December 31, 2008. The assumptions used in preparing the discounted cash flow model included estimates for interest rates, estimates for discount rates using yields of comparable traded instruments adjusted for illiquidity and other risk factors, and estimates for the amount of cash flows and expected holding periods of the ARS and the ARS Put Option. These inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the ARS and the ARS Put Option, including assumptions about risk, developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. Specifically, the Company estimated the future cash flows of its ARS over the expected holding period using a weighted average interest rate of 1.5% as of December 31, 2008. A discount factor which represents the current market conditions for instruments with similar credit quality, adjusted by 300 basis points to reflect the risk in the marketplace for the ARS, was then applied to the estimated cash flows of the ARS.
Based on this assessment of fair value, during 2008, the Company determined there was a $647,000 decrease in the fair value of its ARS investments. Of the $647,000 pre-tax unrealized loss, $167,000 relates to ARS classified as available-for-sale and is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, a separate component of stockholders’ equity. The Company deemed the impairment loss of $167,000 to be temporary as the Company has the ability and intent to hold these ARS investments until a recovery of value or until maturity (ranging from 2025 to 2046). The remaining $480,000 unrealized loss relates to the ARS covered by the Agreement which was reclassified to trading securities during the fourth quarter of 2008. As a result of the reclassification, the $480,000 unrealized loss was recognized in earnings during the fourth quarter of 2008 and was included in interest and other expense on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2008.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
ARS Put Option
The Company accounts for the ARS Put Option at fair value. On November 12, 2008, the date on which the Company entered into the Agreement, the Company elected to measure the ARS put option at fair value under SFAS No. 159. By electing SFAS No. 159, subsequent changes in the fair value of the ARS Put Option will be offset with changes in the fair value of the related ARS in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company determined the fair value of the ARS Put Option by using a discounted cash flow model. To determine the fair value of the ARS Put Option, the total cash flows expected to result from exercising the ARS Put Option were discounted based on the Company’s estimates of the likelihood of default by UBS and the expected term of the ARS Put Option. The Company determined the fair value of the ARS Put Option was $412,000 as of December 31, 2008. Accordingly, the Company recorded a gain of $412,000 within interest and other expense on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2008, and recorded a corresponding asset within other long-term assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
Investment in a privately-held company
As of December 31, 2008, the Company’s investment portfolio included a $644,000 investment in Alta Analog, Inc. (Alta), a private company which develops analog memory products. The Company’s investment in Alta consists of shares of Series B Preferred Stock of Alta and interest-bearing bridge loans which may be converted into shares of Alta or repaid to the Company. The Company’s total investment in Alta, including shares that would be received upon an assumed conversion of the bridge loans into shares of Alta stock, represented an approximate 13% ownership interest in Alta as of December 31, 2008. This investment is included in other long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
The Company accounts for this investment under the cost method. To determine if impairment exists, the Company monitors Alta’s revenue and earnings trends relative to pre-defined milestones and overall business prospects; the general market conditions in Alta’s industry or geographic area, including adverse regulatory or economic changes; factors related to Alta’s ability to remain in business, such as Alta’s liquidity and the rate at which Alta is using its cash; and Alta’s receipt of additional funding. The Company reviews the Alta investment for impairment indicators on a quarterly basis.
During the fourth quarter of 2007, the Company identified certain events or changes in circumstances that had a significant adverse effect on the fair value of this investment and determined the impairment of this investment was other than temporary. As a result, the Company recorded a $200,000 impairment loss on this investment. During the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company identified impairment indicators that resulted in an additional $508,000 other-than-temporary impairment loss being recorded during the fourth quarter of 2008. The impairment losses were included in interest and other expense on the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007.
Promissory note
In December 2007, the Company invested in a short-term promissory note from one of its vendors. The face value of this note was $2 million with zero stated interest rate. However, the Company received a total service discount of approximately $50,000 from this vendor in lieu of cash interest payments. The Company recorded interest income and service cost over the note term of six months to reflect the service discount received. The Company received the $2 million payment during the quarter ended September 30, 2008.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
3. DETAILS OF CERTAIN BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS
December 31, | ||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Inventories | ||||||||
Work in process | $ | 5,034 | $ | 7,876 | ||||
Finished goods | 3,982 | 4,338 | ||||||
Total inventories | $ | 9,016 | $ | 12,214 | ||||
Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
Computers and software | $ | 5,426 | $ | 4,733 | ||||
Office and test equipment | 6,513 | 5,744 | ||||||
Leasehold improvements | 1,448 | 1,101 | ||||||
13,387 | 11,578 | |||||||
Accumulated depreciation and amortization | (8,337 | ) | (6,879 | ) | ||||
Total property and equipment, net | $ | 5,050 | $ | 4,699 | ||||
Accrued liabilities | ||||||||
Accrued payroll and benefits | $ | 1,269 | $ | 6,049 | ||||
Deferred revenue | 97 | 219 | ||||||
Accrued legal and accounting services | 746 | 621 | ||||||
Warranty reserve | 81 | 101 | ||||||
Restructuring reserve | 280 | — | ||||||
Accrued payables and other | 1,225 | 1,482 | ||||||
Total accrued liabilities | $ | 3,698 | $ | 8,472 | ||||
4. ACQUISITIONS
Acquisition of AP Semi—On October 31, 2006, the Company acquired Analog Power Semiconductor Corporation (“AP Semi”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of IPCore Technologies Corporation (“IPCore”). AP Semi is a developer of analog power management integrated circuit products, whose technology management believes complements the Company’s ongoing product design and development activities targeted at portable consumer electronic devices. The Company acquired AP Semi for a total consideration of $22.8 million where $20.8 million of the purchase consideration was settled in cash and $1.3 million was incurred by the Company in transaction fees, including legal, valuation and accounting fees. The remaining amount of $700,000 was held in escrow and payable to the employees contingent upon the employees fulfilling a one year service period from the date of the transfer. As of December 31, 2007, this amount was settled and amounts paid to AP Semi employees were accounted for as compensation expenses. The purchase consideration of approximately $22.1 million was allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the basis of their estimated fair values on the acquisition date.
The AP Semi acquisition was accounted for under SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” and SFAS No. 142. The results of operations of AP Semi were included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations from November 1, 2006.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the tangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition:
(in thousands) | ||||
Cash | $ | 910 | ||
Accounts receivable | 564 | |||
Inventory | 904 | |||
Other current assets | 138 | |||
Property and equipment | 681 | |||
Total assets acquired | 3,197 | |||
Accounts payable | (1,060 | ) | ||
Accrued liabilities | (555 | ) | ||
Total liabilities assumed | (1,615 | ) | ||
Net assets acquired | $ | 1,582 | ||
The intangible assets recognized, apart from goodwill, represented contractual or other legal rights of AP Semi and those intangible assets of AP Semi that could be clearly identified. These intangible assets were identified and valued through interviews and analysis of data provided by AP Semi concerning development projects, their stage of development, the time and resources needed to complete them and, if applicable, their expected income generating ability. There were no other contractual or other legal rights of AP Semi clearly identifiable by management, other than those identified below. The allocation of the purchase price to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed was as follows:
(in thousands) | |||
Fair value of net tangible assets acquired | $ | 1,582 | |
Intangible assets acquired: | |||
Core developed technology | 2,900 | ||
Customer and distributor relationships | 580 | ||
In-process research and development | 290 | ||
Goodwill | 16,775 | ||
Purchase price | $ | 22,127 | |
Identifiable intangible assets
Core developed technology—Core developed technology of approximately $2.9 million relates to AP Semi’s analog power management IC technology. At the date of acquisition, the developed technology was complete and had reached technological feasibility. Any costs to be incurred in the future will relate to the ongoing maintenance of the developed technology and will be expensed as incurred. To estimate the fair value of the developed technology, an income approach was used with a discount rate of 25%, which included an analysis of future cash flows and the risks associated with achieving such cash flows. The discount rate was determined after consideration of the Company’s weighted average cost of capital and the weighted average return on assets. The developed technology is being amortized over its estimated useful life of three years.
Customer and distributor relationships—Customer and distributor relationships of approximately $580,000 represented the fair value of existing customer and distributor relationships. To estimate the fair value of the
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
customer and distributor relationships, an income approach was used with a discount rate of 26%. The discount rate was determined after consideration of the Company’s weighted average cost of capital and the weighted average return on assets. Customer and distributor relationships are amortized over their estimated useful lives of three years.
In-process research and development—Development projects that had reached technological feasibility were classified as developed technology, and the value assigned to developed technology was capitalized. In-process research and development of approximately $290,000 reflected research projects that had not reached technological feasibility or had no alternative future use at the time of the acquisition and was immediately expensed. In order to achieve technological feasibility, the Company estimated the hours required to complete the projects to cost approximately $578,000. The Company estimated the fair value assigned to in-process research and development using the income approach, which discounts to present value the cash flows attributable to the technology once it had reached technological feasibility using a discount rate of 27%. The discount rate was determined after consideration of the Company’s weighted average cost of capital and the weighted average return on assets. The stages of completion were determined by estimating the costs and time incurred to date relative to the costs and time expected to be incurred to develop the in-process technology into a commercially viable technology or product, while considering the relative difficulty of completing the various tasks and overcoming the obstacles necessary to attain technological feasibility. The nature of the efforts required to develop the acquired in-process research and development into commercially viable products principally relate to the completion of all planning, designing, prototyping, verification and testing activities that are necessary to establish that the products can be produced to meet their design specifications, including functions, features and technical performance requirements. The weighted average stage of completion for all projects, in the aggregate, was approximately 85% as of the acquisition date.
The Company recorded an impairment loss of $0.8 million related to the AP Semi intangible assets during the quarter ended December 31, 2008. See Note 1—Business and Significant Accounting Policies for further discussion regarding the impairment charge.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. The AP Semi acquisition complements the Company’s ongoing product design and development activities targeted at portable consumer electronic devices, such as digital still cameras, personal media players and mobile phones. The acquisition also creates the ability to extend value to the customers by increasing the Company’s presence in key markets in China, Japan and Taiwan and provide local design support. These opportunities, along with the ability to hire the AP Semi’s workforce, were significant contributing factors to the establishment of the purchase price, resulting in the recognition of goodwill.
Included in the total consideration to IP Core was $2.1 million that was paid into an escrow account for the purpose of indemnifying the Company against any misrepresentation in the acquisition agreement. During the fourth quarter of 2007, the Company and IP Core agreed to share the escrow account equally. As a result, the Company reduced goodwill by the cash received in the amount of approximately $1.1 million.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
Pro forma financial information
The results of operations of AP Semi are included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations from October 31, 2006, the date of the acquisition. If the Company had acquired AP Semi at the beginning of the periods presented, the Company’s unaudited pro forma revenue, net loss and net loss per share would have been as follows:
2006 | ||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | ||||
Revenue | $ | 83,754 | ||
Net loss | $ | (5,920 | ) | |
Net loss per share—basic | $ | (0.14 | ) | |
Net loss per share—diluted | $ | (0.14 | ) | |
Shares used in computing net loss per share—basic | 43,477 | |||
Shares used in computing net loss per share—diluted | 43,477 |
These results are not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations would have been if the acquisition of AP Semi had in fact occurred on the dates or for the periods indicated, nor do they purport to project the results of operations for any future periods or as of any date. These results do not give effect to any cost savings, operating synergies, and revenue enhancements which may result from the acquisition of AP Semi or the costs of achieving these cost savings, operating synergies, and revenue enhancements. The in-process research and development charge of approximately $290,000 is excluded for the year ended December 31, 2006.
Acquisition of Elite—In June 2008, the Company acquired Elite Micro Devices, Inc. (“Elite”), a privately held, Shanghai, China-based audio company for approximately $1.0 million in cash. The Company recorded non-tax deductible goodwill of $0.4 million associated with this acquisition that was accounted for as a business combination under SFAS No. 141. The Company also wrote off $0.3 million of in-process research and development and did not record any intangible assets as a result of the Elite acquisition.
As of December 31, 2008, the goodwill balance associated with the Elite acquisition was $0.4 million.
The following table shows the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, (in thousands):
Balance at December 31, 2006 | $ | 16,775 | ||
Goodwill adjustment | (1,058 | ) | ||
Balance at December 31, 2007 | 15,717 | |||
Increase due to Elite acquisition | 399 | |||
Balance at December 31, 2008 | $ | 16,116 | ||
The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment on at least an annual basis and determined that goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2008. See Note 1—Business and Significant Accounting Policies for further discussion regarding the Company’s accounting for goodwill.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
5. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common Stock Repurchases—On October 29, 2008, the Company’s board of directors authorized a program to repurchase shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock. Under the stock repurchase program, the Company was authorized to use up to $30 million to repurchase its outstanding common stock. The Company may repurchase shares in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend upon market conditions and other factors, in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commissions requirements.
During 2008, the Company repurchased a total of 2.1 million shares of its common stock for a total cost of $5.3 million. Shares repurchased are accounted for as treasury stock and the total cost of shares repurchased is recorded as a reduction to stockholders’ equity.
Warrants—During the year ended December 31, 2003, in connection with the issuance of a convertible promissory note, the Company issued warrants to purchase 41,953 shares of Series E preferred stock at $2.40 per share. These shares of Series E preferred stock were converted to 41,953 shares of common stock warrants at the time of the Company’s initial public offering. The warrants expired on February 21, 2007.
During the year ended December 31, 2003, the Company issued to consultants warrants to purchase 25,500 shares of common stock at $0.46 per share. The fair value of the warrants was $7,000 based on the Black-Scholes pricing model using the following weighted average assumptions: contractual life of five years, risk-free interest rate of 2.91%, volatility of 70% and no dividends during the contractual term. The warrants expired on May 8, 2008.
6. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock Option Plans—The Company’s board of directors and stockholders approved the Company’s 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan) in May 2005. The 2005 Plan became effective upon the completion of the Company’s initial public offering in August 2005 and provides for the grant of incentive stock options, within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code, to its employees and its parent and subsidiary corporations’ employees, and for the grant of Nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, performance units and performance shares to its employees, directors and consultants and its parent and subsidiary corporations’ employees and consultants. Options generally vest over fours years and expire in 10 years. As of December 31, 2008, 1.9 million shares were available for future grant under the 2005 Plan.
Under the 1998 Stock Plan (the “1998 Plan “), 11.1 million shares of common stock were authorized for the grant of incentive or nonqualified stock options as of December 31, 2005. Such options generally vest over four years and expire in 10 years. As a result of the approval of the 2005 Plan, no further grants were made under the 1998 Plan.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
A summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2008 and information regarding stock options outstanding, exercisable, and vested or expected to vest is as follows:
Options | Number of Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||
(in thousands, except years and per share data) | |||||||||||
Outstanding at January 1, 2008 | 8,832 | $ | 6.54 | ||||||||
Granted | 3,605 | $ | 3.83 | ||||||||
Exercised | (570 | ) | $ | 2.25 | |||||||
Forfeited or expired | (3,218 | ) | $ | 8.27 | |||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2008 | 8,649 | $ | 5.04 | 7.69 | $ | 3,742 | |||||
Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2008 | 7,305 | $ | 5.01 | 7.46 | $ | 3,734 | |||||
Exercisable at December 31, 2008 | 3,617 | $ | 4.75 | 5.82 | $ | 3,718 | |||||
The aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on December 31, 2008 and the option exercise price of the shares for stock options that were in the money, multiplied by the number of shares outstanding.
Stock option valuation and stock-based compensation expense—The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the grant date fair value of an award. The Company used the following weighted average assumptions to calculate the fair values of options granted during the years presented:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Volatility | 50 | % | 51 | % | 58 | % | |||
Expected option term (in years) | 4.02 | 4.28 | 4.68 | ||||||
Risk free interest rate | 2.37 | % | 4.45 | % | 4.63 | % | |||
Expected annual dividend yield | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % |
The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized during a period is based on the value of the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest. SFAS No. 123(R) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The term “forfeitures” is distinct from “cancellations “ or “expirations” and represents only the unvested portion of the surrendered option. The Company re-evaluates forfeiture rates annually and adjusts the rates as necessary.
On October 9, 2008, the Company accepted for exchange from eligible employees (excluding directors, consultants and all executives) options to purchase an aggregate of 1.8 million shares of the Company’s common stock, pursuant to a stock option exchange program (the “2008 Exchange Offer”), giving them the right to tender outstanding stock options that were granted between February 1, 2007 and July 1, 2008. The eligible options were cancelled as of October 9, 2008. The Company granted new options to purchase an equal number of shares of its common stock with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on October 9, 2008, which was $3.08 per share, in exchange for the options cancelled in connection with the offer. These new options vest over four years at a rate of 25 percent after one year, starting on October 9, 2008, and 6.25 percent every three months thereafter. The Company calculated $1.5 million of incremental expense related to the
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Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
2008 Exchange Offer as required by SFAS No. 123(R). The incremental expense combined with the unamortized cost related to the cancelled options will be amortized over the four year vesting period of the new options.
On January 17, 2007, the Company accepted for exchange from eligible employees (excluding directors and Section 16 officers), options to purchase an aggregate of approximately 1.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock, pursuant to a stock option exchange program (the “2007 Exchange Offer”) under Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, giving them the right to tender outstanding stock options that were granted between August 4, 2005 and September 1, 2006. The eligible options were cancelled as of January 17, 2007. The Company granted new options to purchase an equal number of shares of its common stock with an exercise price at fair market value of $5.80 in exchange for the options cancelled in connection with the offer. These new options vest at the rate of 25 percent after one year starting on January 17, 2007 and 6.25 percent every three months thereafter. The Company calculated incremental compensation costs of $1.5 million related to the 2007 Exchange Offer as required by SFAS No. 123(R), which together with the unamortized costs related to the Old Options, will be amortized over the vesting period of the new options.
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense related to stock options under SFAS No. 123(R), including the amortization of the intrinsic value under APB No. 25 for pre-April 4, 2005 options for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||
Statement of operations classifications | |||||||||
Cost of revenues | $ | 362 | $ | 282 | $ | 268 | |||
Research and development | 2,875 | 2,766 | 2,403 | ||||||
Sales, general and administrative | 3,095 | 3,845 | 3,472 | ||||||
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 6,332 | $ | 6,893 | $ | 6,143 | |||
The related tax effect for stock-based compensation expense for 2008, 2007 and 2006 was approximately $0.9 million, $1.5 million and $0.2 million, respectively. The related tax effect was determined using the applicable tax rates in jurisdictions to which this expense relates.
The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the years 2008, 2007 and 2006 as determined using the Black Scholes pricing model was $2.83, $8.20 and $7.68, respectively.
The total intrinsic value of options exercised (i.e. the difference between the market price at exercise and the price paid by the employee to exercise the options) during 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $2.3 million, $9.2 million and $9.2 million, respectively. The total fair value of options vested during 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $5.5 million, $4.5 million and $5.6 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2008, there was $21.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.1 years.
Deferred Stock Compensation—As discussed in Note 1, the Company accounted for its stock-based awards to employees using the intrinsic value method in accordance with APB 25 before its adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) on January 1, 2006. The Company recorded deferred stock-based compensation equal to the difference between the exercise price and deemed fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The compensation is being amortized to expense over the vesting period of the options, generally four
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
years, using the straight-line method. Amortization of such deferred stock-based compensation, net of forfeitures, was $1.0 million, $1.7 million and $1.9 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
During 2006, the Company accelerated certain unvested portions of stock option awards granted to one of its employees. As a result, the Company recorded approximately $211,000 as compensation expense in 2006. Additionally, the Company recorded approximately $549,000 and $153,000 in 2007 and 2006, respectively, as stock-based compensation expense due to acceleration of certain unvested portions of the stock options granted to one of its former employees, as compensation for providing consulting services under a transition agreement.
During the 2008, 2007, and 2006, the Company issued nonstatutory stock options to non-employees. These options were issued for services provided by the non-employees and were immediately vested at the grant date. Accordingly, in 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company recorded $11,000, $42,000 and $24,600, respectively, of expense associated with stock options granted to non-employees.
7. INCOME TAXES
The components of the provision for (benefit from) income taxes are as follows:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||
Current: | |||||||||||
Federal | $ | 1,208 | $ | 1,051 | $ | 62 | |||||
State | 43 | (26 | ) | 21 | |||||||
Foreign | 331 | 717 | 697 | ||||||||
Total current tax | 1,582 | 1,742 | 780 | ||||||||
Deferred: | |||||||||||
Federal | 4,426 | 3 | (409 | ) | |||||||
State | 2,296 | (389 | ) | (219 | ) | ||||||
Foreign | 5 | (37 | ) | (294 | ) | ||||||
Total deferred | 6,727 | (423 | ) | (922 | ) | ||||||
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | $ | 8,309 | $ | 1,319 | $ | (142 | ) | ||||
The foreign and domestic components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
United States | $ | (2,089 | ) | $ | (1,824 | ) | $ | (8,021 | ) | |||
Foreign | (7,989 | ) | 5,029 | 5,797 | ||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | (10,078 | ) | $ | 3,205 | $ | (2,224 | ) | ||||
Foreign earnings of approximately $0.1 million were considered to be permanently reinvested in the Company’s foreign operations through 2008. If these earnings were remitted to the U.S., they would be subject to domestic and/or foreign taxes. The determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to these earnings is not practicable.
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Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
The effective tax rate differs from the applicable U.S. statutory federal income tax rate for the years ended December 31 as follows:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
U.S. statutory federal tax rate | (34.0 | )% | 34.0 | % | (34.0 | )% | |||
State taxes, net of federal benefit | (1.6 | ) | (13.0 | ) | (9.4 | ) | |||
Foreign income at higher (lower) rates | 39.0 | 2.8 | 9.3 | ||||||
Research and development credits | (13.3 | ) | (22.3 | ) | (22.4 | ) | |||
Deferred stock-based compensation | 8.8 | 35.4 | 44.2 | ||||||
Change in Valuation Allowance | 85.7 | — | — | ||||||
Other | (2.2 | ) | 4.3 | 5.8 | |||||
Effective tax rate | 82.4 | % | 41.2 | % | (6.5 | )% | |||
The components of deferred income taxes are as follows:
December 31, | ||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||
Net operating loss carryforwards | $ | 317 | $ | 333 | ||||
Research and business tax credits | 5,268 | 4,568 | ||||||
Stock-based compensation | 2,312 | 1,729 | ||||||
Accruals and reserves not currently deductible | 1,005 | 719 | ||||||
Other | 79 | 80 | ||||||
8,981 | 7,429 | |||||||
Valuation allowance | (8,655 | ) | (23 | ) | ||||
Total | $ | 326 | $ | 7,406 | ||||
SFAS No. 109,Accounting for Income Taxes, requires companies to assess whether valuation allowances should be established against their deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence, both positive and negative, using a “more likely than not” standard. In making such judgments, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified.
The Company assesses, on a quarterly basis, the realizability of its deferred tax assets by evaluating all available evidence, both positive and negative, including: (1) the cumulative results of operations in recent years, (2) the nature of recent losses, (3) estimates of future taxable income and (4) the length of operating loss carryforward periods. During the quarter ended December 31, 2008, the Company’s operating results reflected a cumulative three-year loss. The cumulative three-year loss is considered significant negative evidence which is objective and verifiable. Additional negative evidence included the uncertainty regarding the magnitude and length of the current economic recession and the highly competitive nature of the business. Positive evidence considered by the Company in its assessment included lengthy operating loss carryforward periods, a lack of unused expired operating loss carryforwards, and estimates of future taxable income.
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Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
At December 31, 2008, after considering both the positive and negative evidence, the Company cannot conclude that it is more likely than not that these assets will be realized. Therefore, the Company established a valuation allowance against its US deferred tax assets with a corresponding non-cash charge of approximately $8.6 million to the provision for income taxes.
At December 31, 2008, the Company had net operating loss carry forwards for federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $7.0 million and $4.6 million, respectively. The federal and California loss carryforwards expire on various dates both beginning in 2012. At December 31, 2008, the Company also had a net operating loss carryforward for Hong Kong income tax purposes of approximately $1.5 million, which currently has no expiration date. The Company’s available research and business tax credit carry forwards for federal and state income tax purposes are approximately $4.9 million and $5.0 million, respectively. The federal research credits expire on various dates beginning in 2018. California research tax credits can be carried forward indefinitely.
As of December 31, 2008, the Company had not recorded the full cumulative tax benefit related to tax deductions in excess of previously expensed stock-based compensation because of unutilized net operating losses and tax credits. If such tax benefits related to tax deductions in excess of previously expensed stock-based compensation were recognized, approximately $2.8 million would be recorded as an addition to paid-in-capital.
On October 3, 2008, the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 was signed into law. A provision in this legislation provided for the extension of the federal research and development tax credit for qualifying expenditures paid or incurred from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2009. As a result of this new legislation, the Company generated a federal tax credit of $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 resulting in additional tax credit carryovers.
Commencing on January 1, 2007, uncertain tax positions are accounted for under the provisions of FIN 48, which provides a financial statement recognition threshold and measurement attribute for a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Under FIN 48, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and income tax disclosures.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits for the year ended December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 is as follows:
December 31, | |||||||
2008 | 2007 | ||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||
Beginning balance | $ | 5,049 | $ | 2,408 | |||
Gross increases in tax position in current year | 1,259 | 1,646 | |||||
Gross increases in tax position for prior years | 412 | 1,031 | |||||
Settlements/closure of audits | — | (36 | ) | ||||
Ending Balance | $ | 6,720 | $ | 5,049 | |||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
At December 31, 2008 and 2007, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective tax rate, was $6,146,000 and $4,731,000, respectively.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in its provision for income taxes. During the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the Company recognized approximately $77,000 and $60,000, respectively, for interest and penalties, net of taxes. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, total accrued interest and penalties for unrecognized tax benefits were approximately $253,000 and $218,000, respectively.
The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and various foreign jurisdictions. With the exception of California, the Company’s tax years for 1997 through 2008 are subject to examination by the US tax authorities. In August 2007, the Company closed an audit with the state of California for all tax years from inception through 2004, but the state left open the option to review the Company’s research and development tax credits in the future. The Company is currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service for the 2005, 2006 and 2007 tax years. As of December 31, 2008, no audit adjustments have been made. The Company is no longer subject to foreign examinations by tax authorities for years before 2002. Although the timing of the resolution and/or closure on audits is highly uncertain, it is reasonably possible that the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits could significantly change in the next 12 months. However, given the number of years remaining subject to examination and the number of matters being examined, we are unable to estimate the range of possible adjustments to the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits.
8. COMMITMENTS
Capital Lease Obligations—As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, the costs of software and equipment under the capital leases included in property and equipment were approximately $371,000. Accumulated amortization of leased equipment at December 31, 2008 and 2007 was approximately $321,000 and $174,000, respectively.
Operating Lease Obligations—The Company leases its primary facility and other offices, under operating leases which expire at various dates through 2016. Rental expense related to the Company’s operating leases totaled $2.0 million, $1.9 million and $1.4 million for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
As of December 31, 2008, future minimum lease payments under all noncancelable leases are as follows:
Capital Leases | Operating Leases | ||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||
2009 | $ | 42 | $ | 1,544 | |||
2010 | — | 1,095 | |||||
2011 | — | 553 | |||||
2012 | — | 568 | |||||
2013 | — | 516 | |||||
2014 and beyond | — | 1,227 | |||||
Total minimum lease payments | 42 | $ | 5,503 | ||||
Less: amount representing interest | (1 | ) | |||||
Present value of minimum lease payments | 41 | ||||||
Less: current portion | 41 | ||||||
Long-term capital lease obligations | $ | — | |||||
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
In January 2007, the Company entered into a sublease for its principal executive offices from September 2007 through March 2016, occupying 42,174 square feet in Santa Clara, California. This facility accommodates the Company’s principal engineering, technology, administrative and finance activities.
In September 2007, the Company entered into an office lease in Shanghai, China to accommodate its design team and sales personnel. The lease is effective from October 2007 through December 2010.
9. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN
The Company sponsors a 401(k) tax-deferred savings plan for all employees who meet certain eligibility requirements. Participants may contribute, on a pre-tax basis, not to exceed a maximum contribution amount pursuant to Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Beginning in October 2007, the Company matches employee contributions annually at 100% of the first 3% of employee contributions and 50% of the second 2% of employee contributions. Previously, the Company matched employee contributions annually at 100% of the first 2% of employee contributions and 50% of the second 2% of employee contributions. All matching contributions vest 25% annually over four years. Contributions made by the Company were $524,000, $323,000 and $279,000 for 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
10. MAJOR CUSTOMERS
The following table summarizes net revenue and accounts receivable for customers that accounted for 10% or more of net accounts receivable or net revenues:
Accounts Receivable | Net Revenues | ||||||||||||||
December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
Customer | 2008 | 2007 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
A | 30 | % | 19 | % | 25 | % | 20 | % | 28 | % | |||||
B | 30 | 17 | 20 | 11 | 11 | ||||||||||
C | 9 | 9 | 10 | 7 | 4 | ||||||||||
D | 1 | 5 | 10 | 8 | 6 |
11. SEGMENT INFORMATION
As defined by the requirements of SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” the Company operates in one reportable segment: the design, development, marketing and sale of power management semiconductor products and solutions for the communications, computing and consumer portable and personal electronics marketplace. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its chief executive officer. The following is a summary of net revenues by geographic region based on the location to which the product is shipped:
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||
South Korea | $ | 56,670 | $ | 55,951 | $ | 45,783 | |||
China | 14,047 | 31,714 | 13,432 | ||||||
Taiwan | 13,981 | 16,442 | 15,967 | ||||||
United States | 1,514 | 2,712 | 1,447 | ||||||
Europe | 2,155 | 2,351 | 3,356 | ||||||
Japan | 1,972 | 440 | 1,176 | ||||||
Total | $ | 90,339 | $ | 109,610 | $ | 81,161 | |||
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Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
The following is a summary of long-lived assets by geographic region:
December 31, | ||||||
Country | 2008 | 2007 | ||||
(in thousands) | ||||||
China | $ | 17,460 | $ | 18,705 | ||
United States | 3,103 | 4,266 | ||||
Taiwan | 933 | 639 | ||||
Japan | 230 | 240 | ||||
South Korea | 39 | 59 | ||||
Hong Kong | 145 | 124 | ||||
Macau | 105 | 69 | ||||
Europe | 10 | 18 | ||||
Total | $ | 22,025 | $ | 24,120 | ||
12. VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
The Company had the following activity in its valuation allowances (in thousands):
Bad Debt | Distributor Stock Rotation | Distributor Price Protection | ||||||||||
Balance—January 1, 2006 | $ | 306 | $ | 237 | $ | 434 | ||||||
Charged to costs and expenses | 6 | 1,219 | 4,156 | |||||||||
Deductions | (306 | ) | (1,261 | ) | (3,147 | ) | ||||||
Balance—December 31, 2006 | $ | 6 | $ | 195 | $ | 1,443 | ||||||
Charged to costs and expenses | — | 1,916 | 7,049 | |||||||||
Deductions | (6 | ) | (1,850 | ) | (6,398 | ) | ||||||
Balance—December 31, 2007 | $ | — | $ | 261 | $ | 2,094 | ||||||
Charged to costs and expenses | 5 | 1,063 | 6,801 | |||||||||
Deductions | — | (1,211 | ) | (7,666 | ) | |||||||
Balance—December 31, 2008 | $ | 5 | $ | 113 | $ | 1,229 | ||||||
13. LITIGATION
In May 2003, the Company received a letter from Linear Technology Corporation (“Linear Technology”) alleging that certain of its charge pump products infringed United States Patent No. 6,411,531 (‘531 Patent) owned by Linear Technology. In August 2004, the Company received a letter from Linear Technology alleging that certain of its switching regulator products infringed United States Patent Nos. 5,481,178, 6,304,066 and 6,580,258 (‘258 Patent). In response to these letters, the Company contacted Linear Technology to convey its good faith belief that it does not infringe the patents in question. Subsequently, the Company became aware of a marketing campaign conducted by Linear Technology in which it sought to disrupt the Company’s business relationships and sales by suggesting to the Company’s customers that its products infringe the same U.S. patents mentioned in its two letters to the Company. As a result, in February 2006, the Company initiated a lawsuit against Linear Technology for unfair business practices, interference with existing and prospective customers and trade libel, as well as a declaration of patent invalidity and non-infringement. This case is currently stayed pending the outcome of the United States International Trade Commission (“USITC”) investigation described in the following paragraphs.
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Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
In March 2006, the USITC responded to a complaint filed by Linear Technology by initiating an investigation under Section 337 of the Tariff Act to determine if certain of the Company’s products infringe certain patents owned by Linear Technology. The accused products include charge pumps and switching regulators and are similar to the products involved in the Company’s lawsuit with Linear Technology.
In a Final Determination issued September 24, 2007, the USITC left unchanged its earlier initial determination that the Company’s charge pumps do not violate Section 337 of the Tariff Act because they do not infringe any valid claim of ‘531 Patent owned by Linear Technology.
The Final Determination also found that a majority of the Company’s switching regulator designs do not infringe Linear Technology’s ‘258 Patent. The USITC also found that one family of switching regulator products infringes certain claims of the ‘258 Patent. Following normal USITC procedure, the USITC issued a limited exclusion order under Section 337 of the Tariff Act prohibiting the direct importation by the Company of this particular product family. This exclusion order does not, however, prevent the Company’s customers from importing their products into the United States. To date, the Company’s sales of this product family in the United States have been minimal. Linear Technology’s request that downstream products be barred from importation was denied.
Linear Technology has appealed portions of the Final Determination to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. This appeal is bifurcated into separate charge pump and switching regulator portions. On August 28, 2008 the Court of Appeals issued a ruling on the charge pump portion and upheld the invalidity of the ‘531 Patent. The Company believes that this ends the unsuccessful attempt by Linear Technology to assert its ‘531 Patent against the Company at the International Trade Commission. The separate appeal for the switching regulator portion remains pending at the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
On October 1, 2008, the USITC served notice that it will begin a formal enforcement proceeding for the limited exclusion order originally issued on September 24, 2007. The enforcement proceeding has been undertaken at the request of Linear Technology which has alleged that the Company has violated the limited exclusion order by importing certain switching regulator products. The Company believes that these allegations are not based in fact and that none of its products infringe the Linear Technology patents in question. The Company’s domestic sales of these products have been minimal to date and the Company expects domestic sales of these products to be minimal in future periods. However, whether or not the Company prevails in this proceeding, the Company expects to incur significant legal expenses.
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Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
14. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||
Mar. 31, 2008 | Jun. 30, 2008 | Sept. 30, 2008 | Dec. 31, 2008 | |||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 25,101 | $ | 21,173 | $ | 25,436 | $ | 18,629 | ||||||||
Cost of revenues* | 11,369 | 11,149 | 12,713 | 11,508 | ||||||||||||
Gross profit | 13,732 | 10,024 | 12,723 | 7,121 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
Research and development* | 7,659 | 7,790 | 7,462 | 7,010 | ||||||||||||
Sales, general and administrative* | 6,445 | 6,201 | 6,112 | 5,923 | ||||||||||||
Patent litigation | 262 | 482 | 243 | 764 | ||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 14,366 | 14,473 | 13,817 | 13,697 | ||||||||||||
Loss from operations | (634 | ) | (4,449 | ) | (1,094 | ) | (6,576 | ) | ||||||||
Interest and other income: | ||||||||||||||||
Interest and investment income | 1,129 | 749 | 700 | 546 | ||||||||||||
Interest and other expense | 15 | 17 | 23 | (504 | ) | |||||||||||
Total interest and other income, net | 1,144 | 766 | 723 | 42 | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes | 510 | (3,683 | ) | (371 | ) | (6,534 | ) | |||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 64 | 147 | 266 | 7,832 | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 446 | $ | (3,830 | ) | $ | (637 | ) | $ | (14,366 | ) | |||||
Basic net income (loss) per common share | $ | 0.01 | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | (0.32 | ) | |||||
Diluted net income (loss) per common share | $ | 0.01 | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | (0.32 | ) | |||||
Shares used in basic net income (loss) per common share | 45,491 | 45,687 | 45,781 | 45,183 | ||||||||||||
Shares used in diluted net income (loss) per common share | 47,060 | 45,687 | 45,781 | 45,183 | ||||||||||||
* Pre-tax stock-based compensation included in: | ||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenues | $ | 77 | $ | 95 | $ | 110 | $ | 80 | ||||||||
Research and development | 790 | 773 | 886 | 426 | ||||||||||||
Sales, general and administrative | 860 | 1,034 | 664 | 537 |
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Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
Three Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||
Mar. 31, 2007 | Jun. 30, 2007 | Sept. 30, 2007 | Dec. 31, 2007 | |||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 21,108 | $ | 25,837 | $ | 30,600 | $ | 32,065 | ||||||||
Cost of revenues* | 9,932 | 11,612 | 14,204 | 15,186 | ||||||||||||
Gross profit | 11,176 | 14,225 | 16,396 | 16,879 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
Research and development* | 7,103 | 7,572 | 7,948 | 8,368 | ||||||||||||
Sales, general and administrative* | 6,202 | 6,597 | 6,373 | 6,585 | ||||||||||||
Patent litigation | 1,589 | 1,488 | 580 | 136 | ||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 14,894 | 15,657 | 14,901 | 15,089 | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) from operations | (3,718 | ) | (1,432 | ) | 1,495 | 1,790 | ||||||||||
Interest and other income: | ||||||||||||||||
Interest and investment income | 1,369 | 1,368 | 1,408 | 1,454 | ||||||||||||
Interest and other expense | (271 | ) | (14 | ) | (10 | ) | (233 | ) | ||||||||
Total interest and other income, net | 1,098 | 1,354 | 1,398 | 1,221 | ||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes | (2,620 | ) | (78 | ) | 2,893 | 3,011 | ||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 131 | 813 | 316 | 60 | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | (2,751 | ) | $ | (891 | ) | $ | 2,577 | $ | 2,951 | ||||||
Basic net income (loss) per common share | $ | (0.06 | ) | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 0.06 | $ | 0.07 | ||||||
Diluted net income (loss) per common share | $ | (0.06 | ) | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 0.05 | $ | 0.06 | ||||||
Shares used in basic net income (loss) per common share | 44,319 | 44,602 | 44,827 | 45,158 | ||||||||||||
Shares used in diluted net income (loss) per common share | 44,319 | 44,602 | 47,170 | 47,767 | ||||||||||||
* Pre-tax stock-based compensation included in: | ||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenues | $ | 65 | $ | 66 | $ | 78 | $ | 73 | ||||||||
Research and development | 611 | 662 | 758 | 735 | ||||||||||||
Sales, general and administrative | 1,034 | 1,019 | 781 | 1,011 |
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ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
None
ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2008. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2008, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Management based its assessment on criteria established inInternal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Management’s assessment included the evaluation of elements such as the design and operating effectiveness of key financial reporting controls, process documentation, accounting policies, and our overall control environment.
Based on our assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2008 to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. We reviewed the results of management’s assessment with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. Our independent auditors have issued an audit report on their assessment of our internal control over financial reporting. This report appears below.
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(c) Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred in the fourth quarter of the period covered by this Annual Report of Form 10-K that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION |
None
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc.
Santa Clara, California
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Advanced Analogic Technologies Incorporated and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established inInternal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the criteria established inInternal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2008 of the Company and our report dated February 26, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP |
San Jose, California |
February 26, 2009 |
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ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE |
Executive Officers
The information required by this item with respect to our executive officers is set forth under the caption “Executive Officers” in Item 1 of this Report and is incorporated herein by reference.
Directors
The information required by this item with respect to our board of directors and committees thereof is set forth in our 2009 Proxy Statement under the caption “Election of Directors” and is incorporated herein by reference.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
The information required by this item with respect to Section 16(a) beneficial ownership reporting compliance is set forth in our 2009 Proxy Statement under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” and is incorporated herein by reference.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
The information required by this item with respect to our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is set forth in our 2009 Proxy Statement under the caption “Code of Business Conduct and Ethics” and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION |
The information required by this item is set forth under the caption “Executive Compensation and Other Matters” in our 2009 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS |
The information required by this item with respect to equity compensation plans is set forth under the caption “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in our 2009 Proxy Statement and with respect to security ownership of certain beneficial owners, directors and executive officers is set forth under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our 2009 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE |
The information required by this item is set forth under the captions “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Certain Relationships, Related Party Transactions and Director Independence” in our 2009 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES |
The information required by this item is set forth under the caption “Principal Accounting Fees and Services” in our 2009 Proxy Statement and is incorporated herein by reference.
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ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES |
(a)Documents filed as part of this report
(1)Financial Statements
The following financial statements and related report are included in Item 8 of this Report:
• | Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
• | Consolidated Balance Sheets |
• | Consolidated Statements of Operations |
• | Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
• | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
• | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
(2)Schedules
See Note 12 to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Report.
(3)Exhibits
The exhibits listed on the accompanying index to exhibits in Item 15(b) below are filed as part of, or hereby incorporated by reference into, this Report.
(b)Exhibits
Exhibit | Description | |
*3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant | |
**3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant | |
#4.1 | Form of the Registrant’s Common Stock Certificate | |
#10.1 | Form of Director and Executive Officer Indemnification Agreement | |
#10.2 | 1998 Stock Plan and forms of agreement thereunder | |
#10.3 | 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and form of agreement thereunder | |
#10.4 | 2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and form of agreement thereunder | |
#10.5 | Employment Offer Letter between the Registrant and Richard K. Williams dated September 24, 1998 | |
#10.6 | Employment Offer Letter between the Registrant and Brian R. McDonald dated June 21, 2004 | |
#10.7 | Office Lease between the Registrant and Wolfe Road Investments No. 3, a partnership, dated August 4, 2004 | |
#10.8 | Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement between the Registrant and Silicon Valley Bank, dated July 15, 2005 | |
#10.9† | Joint Development Agreement between the Registrant and GEM Services, Inc. dated June 1, 1999 | |
#10.10 | Form of Warrant to Purchase Shares of Series E Preferred Stock | |
#10.11 | Form of Warrant to Purchase Shares of Common Stock | |
#10.12† | Wafer Foundry Agreement, as amended, between the Registrant and HYNIX Semiconductor America dated June 4, 2002 |
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Exhibit | Description | |
#10.12.1 | Amendment dated effective May 1, 2005 to Wafer Foundry Agreement between the Registrant and HYNIX Semiconductor America dated June 4, 2002 | |
#10.13 | Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement dated October 27, 2003 | |
#10.13.1 | Amendment to Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement dated as of May 18, 2005 | |
#10.14 | Amended and Restated Voting Agreement dated October 27, 2003 | |
#10.15 | Form of Change of Control Agreement (Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) | |
#10.16 | Form of Change of Control Agreement (Vice Presidents) | |
##10.17 | Sublease between Sandisk Corp. and Advanced Analogic Tech. Inc. | |
21.1 | Subsidiaries of the Registrant | |
23.1 | Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered public accounting firm | |
24.1 | Power of Attorney (See signature page) | |
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
***32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
# | Incorporated by reference to the same number exhibit filed with the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-123798), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 3, 2005. |
* | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-123798), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 3, 2005. |
** | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-123798), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 3, 2005. |
## | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 25, 2007. |
*** | This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that Section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any filings. |
† | Confidential treatment has been granted for portions of this exhibit. |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Advanced Analogic Technologies Incorporated has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Santa Clara, California on the 26th day of February, 2009.
ADVANCED ANALOGIC TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED | ||
By: | /S/ BRIAN R. MCDONALD | |
Brian R. McDonald Chief Financial Officer, Vice President of Worldwide Finance and Secretary |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Richard K. Williams and Brian R. McDonald, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact, each with full power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming that each of said attorneys-in-fact or their substitute or substitutes may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Advanced Analogic Technologies Incorporated and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Title | Date | ||
/S/ RICHARD K. WILLIAMS Richard K. Williams | President, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Technical Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | February 26, 2009 | ||
/S/ BRIAN R. MCDONALD Brian R. McDonald | Chief Financial Officer, Vice President of Worldwide Finance and Secretary (Principal Financial Officer) | February 26, 2009 | ||
/S/ ASHOK CHANDRAN Ashok Chandran | Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | February 26, 2009 | ||
/S/ SAMUEL J. ANDERSON Samuel J. Anderson | Director | February 26, 2009 | ||
/S/ JAFF LIN Jaff Lin | Director | February 26, 2009 | ||
/S/ THOMAS P. REDFERN Thomas P. Redfern | Director | February 26, 2009 | ||
/S/ CHANDRAMOHAN SUBRAMANIAM Chandramohan Subramaniam | Director | February 26, 2009 | ||
/S/ THOMAS WEATHERFORD Thomas Weatherford | Director | February 26, 2009 |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit | Description | |
*3.1 | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant | |
**3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant | |
#4.1 | Form of the Registrant’s Common Stock Certificate | |
#10.1 | Form of Director and Executive Officer Indemnification Agreement | |
#10.2 | 1998 Stock Plan and forms of agreement thereunder | |
#10.3 | 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and form of agreement thereunder | |
#10.4 | 2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and form of agreement thereunder | |
#10.5 | Employment Offer Letter between the Registrant and Richard K. Williams dated September 24, 1998 | |
#10.6 | Employment Offer Letter between the Registrant and Brian R. McDonald dated June 21, 2004 | |
#10.7 | Office Lease between the Registrant and Wolfe Road Investments No. 3, a partnership, dated August 4, 2004 | |
#10.8 | Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement between the Registrant and Silicon Valley Bank, dated July 15, 2005 | |
#10.9† | Joint Development Agreement between the Registrant and GEM Services, Inc. dated June 1, 1999 | |
#10.10 | Form of Warrant to Purchase Shares of Series E Preferred Stock | |
#10.11 | Form of Warrant to Purchase Shares of Common Stock | |
#10.12† | Wafer Foundry Agreement, as amended, between the Registrant and HYNIX Semiconductor America dated June 4, 2002 | |
#10.12.1 | Amendment dated effective May 1, 2005 to Wafer Foundry Agreement between the Registrant and HYNIX Semiconductor America dated June 4, 2002 | |
#10.13 | Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement dated October 27, 2003 | |
#10.13.1 | Amendment to Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement dated as of May 18, 2005 | |
#10.14 | Amended and Restated Voting Agreement dated October 27, 2003 | |
#10.15 | Form of Change of Control Agreement (Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) | |
#10.16 | Form of Change of Control Agreement (Vice Presidents) | |
##10.17 | Sublease between Sandisk Corp. and Advanced Analogic Tech. Inc. | |
21.1 | Subsidiaries of the Registrant | |
23.1 | Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered public accounting firm | |
24.1 | Power of Attorney (See signature page) | |
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
***32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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# | Incorporated by reference to the same number exhibit filed with the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-123798), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 3, 2005. |
* | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-123798), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 3, 2005. |
** | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-123798), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 3, 2005. |
## | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 25, 2007. |
*** | This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that Section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any filings. |
† | Confidential treatment has been granted for portions of this exhibit. |
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