Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Use of Estimates Policy | Use of Estimates |
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the Financial Statements and the related disclosures. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Estimates are used in determining, among other items, asset lives and residual values, cash flows for impairment analysis, maintenance accruals, valuation allowances (including, but not limited to, those related to receivables, expendable parts inventory and deferred taxes), income tax accounting, business combinations and intangible assets, stock-based compensation, self-insurance employee benefit accruals and contingent liabilities (including, but not limited to litigation accruals). |
Revenue Recognition Policy | Revenue Recognition |
Revenue from ACMI and CMI contracts is typically recognized as the block hours are operated on behalf of a customer during a given month, as defined contractually, based on flight departure. The time interval between when an aircraft departs the terminal until it arrives at the destination terminal is measured in hours and called “Block Hours”. If a customer flies below a minimum contracted Block Hour guarantee, the contracted minimum revenue amounts are recognized as revenue. We recognize revenue for Charter upon flight departure. |
We record Dry Lease rental income on a straight-line basis over the term of the operating lease. In limited cases, leases provide for additional rentals based on usage, which is recorded as revenue as it is earned under the terms of the lease. Usage is calculated based on hourly usage or number of flights operated, depending on the lease agreement, and is typically reported monthly by the lessee. Rentals received but unearned under the lease agreements are recorded in deferred revenue and included in Accrued liabilities until earned. |
Customer maintenance reserves are amounts received under our Dry Leases that are subject to reimbursement to the lessee upon the completion of qualifying maintenance work on the specific Dry Leased aircraft and are included in Accrued liabilities. We defer revenue recognition until the end of the lease, when we are able to finalize the amount, if any, to be reimbursed to the customer. |
The Company recognizes revenue for management and administrative support services when the services are provided. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents Policy | Cash and Cash Equivalents |
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits and other cash investments that are highly liquid in nature and have original maturities of three months or less at acquisition. |
Short-Term Investments Policy | Short-Term Investments |
Short-term investments are primarily comprised of certificates of deposit, current portions of debt securities and money market funds. |
Restricted Cash Policy | Restricted Cash |
Cash that is restricted under secured aircraft debt agreements, whereby it can only be used to make principal and interest payments on the related debt secured by those aircraft, is classified as Restricted cash. |
Accounts Receivable Policy | Accounts Receivable |
We perform a monthly evaluation of our accounts receivable and establish an allowance for doubtful accounts based on our best estimate of probable credit losses resulting from the inability or unwillingness of our customers to make required payments. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when we determine that it is probable that the receivable will not be recovered. |
Escrow Deposits and Letters of Credit Policy | Escrow Deposits and Letters of Credit |
We had $5.3 million as of December 31, 2014 and $5.7 million as of December 31, 2013, for certain deposits required in the normal course of business for various items including, but not limited to, surety and customs bonds, airfield privileges, judicial deposits, insurance and cash pledged under standby letters of credit related to collateral. These amounts are included in Deposits and other assets. |
Expendable Parts Policy | Expendable Parts |
Expendable parts, materials and supplies for flight equipment are carried at average acquisition costs and are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets. When used in operations, they are charged to maintenance expense. Allowances for excess and obsolescence for expendable parts expected to be on hand at the date aircraft are retired from service are provided over the estimated useful lives of the related aircraft and engines. These allowances are based on management estimates, which are subject to change as conditions in the business evolve. The net book value of expendable parts inventory was $17.5 million as of December 31, 2014 and $19.2 million at December 31, 2013, net of allowances for expendable obsolescence of $16.6 million at December 31, 2014 and $11.7 million at December 31, 2013. |
Property and Equipment Policy | Property and Equipment |
We record property and equipment at cost and depreciate these assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives or average remaining fleet lives to their estimated residual values. We review these assumptions at least annually and adjust depreciation on a prospective basis. Expenditures for major additions, improvements and flight equipment modifications are generally capitalized and depreciated over the shorter of the estimated life of the improvement or the modified assets’ remaining life or remaining lease term if any modifications or improvements are made to operating lease equipment. Substantially all property and equipment is specifically pledged as collateral for our indebtedness. The estimated useful lives of our property and equipment are as follows: |
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| | | Range | | | | | | | |
| Flight equipment | | 6 to 40 years | | | | | | | |
| Computer software and equipment | | 3 to 5 years | | | | | | | |
| Ground handling equipment and other | | 3 to 5 years | | | | | | | |
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Depreciation expense related to property and equipment was $114.0 million in 2014, $83.9 million in 2013 and $60.2 million in 2012. |
The net book value of flight equipment on Dry Lease to customers was $890.1 million as of December 31, 2014 and $507.1 million as of December 31, 2013. The accumulated depreciation for flight equipment on Dry Lease to customers was $38.8 million as of December 31, 2014 and $18.7 million as of December 31, 2013. |
Rotable parts are recorded in Property and equipment, net, and are depreciated over their average remaining fleet lives and written off when they are determined to be beyond economic repair. The net book value of rotable parts inventory was $108.2 million as of December 31, 2014 and $97.5 million as of December 31, 2013. |
Capitalized Interest on Pre-delivery Deposits Policy | Capitalized Interest on Pre-delivery Deposits |
Interest on funds used to finance the acquisition of flight equipment up to the date the asset is ready for its intended use is capitalized and included in the cost of the asset if the asset is actively under construction. Included in capitalized interest is the interest paid on the pre-delivery deposit borrowings directly associated with the acquisition of flight equipment. The remainder of capitalized interest recorded on the acquisition of flight equipment is determined by taking the weighted average cost of funds associated with our other debt and applying it against the amounts paid as pre-delivery deposits. |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Policy | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
We record impairment charges on long-lived assets when events and circumstances indicate that the assets may be impaired, the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than their carrying amount and the net book value of the assets exceeds their estimated fair value. |
For flight equipment used in our ACMI and Charter segments, assets are grouped at the operating fleet level for impairment testing. For flight equipment used in our Dry Leasing segment, assets are tested on an individual basis for impairment. |
In developing these estimates for flight equipment, we use external appraisals and other industry data for the equipment types and our anticipated utilization of the assets. |
Long Term Investments Policy | Long-term Investments |
Long-term investments consist of debt securities, including accrued interest, for which management has the intent and ability to hold to maturity. These investments are classified as held-to-maturity and are reported at amortized cost. Interest on debt securities and accretion of discounts using the effective interest method are included in Interest income. |
Variable Interest Entities and Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements Policy | Variable Interest Entities and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements |
We hold a 49% interest in GSS, a private company. GSS is a variable interest entity and we are the primary beneficiary of GSS for financial reporting purposes. Atlas previously Dry Leased three 747-8F owned aircraft to GSS. The leases provided for payment of rent and a provision for maintenance costs associated with the aircraft. GSS provided ACMI services to British Airways Plc (“British Airways”) using these three aircraft. British Airways returned the three 747-8F aircraft in April and May 2014. GSS continues to provide Dry Leasing support services to Titan. |
Our investment in GSS was zero as of December 31, 2014 and $2.8 million as of December 31, 2013 and our maximum exposure to losses from the entity is limited to our investment in GSS and any operating losses of GSS. GSS does not have any third-party debt obligations. |
We hold a 50% interest in Global Aviation Technical Solutions Co, Ltd. (“GATS”), a joint venture with an unrelated third party. The purpose of the joint venture is to purchase rotable parts and provide repair services for those parts, primarily for our 747-8F aircraft. The joint venture is a variable interest entity and we have not consolidated GATS because we are not the primary beneficiary as we do not exercise financial control. Our investment in GATS was $16.4 million as of December 31, 2014 and $13.2 million as of December 31, 2013 and our maximum exposure to losses from the entity is limited to our investment, which is composed primarily of rotable inventory parts. GATS does not have any third-party debt obligations. We had Accounts payable to GATS of $1.5 million as of December 31, 2014. |
A portion of our operating aircraft are owned or effectively owned and leased through trusts established specifically to purchase, finance and lease aircraft to us. We have not consolidated any aircraft in the related trusts because we are not the primary beneficiary. Our maximum exposure under these operating leases is the remaining lease payments, which amounts are reflected in the future lease commitments more fully described in Note 8. |
Income Taxes Policy | Income Taxes |
Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of reporting items in our income tax returns at different times than the items are reflected in our financial statements. These temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities that are calculated by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. If necessary, deferred income tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to an amount that is determined to be more likely than not recoverable. We must make significant estimates and assumptions about future taxable income and future tax consequences when determining the amount, if any, of the valuation allowance. |
In addition, we establish tax reserves when we believe that certain tax positions are subject to challenge and may not be sustained on audit. These reserves are based on subjective estimates and assumptions involving the relative filing positions and the potential exposure from audits and litigation. |
Heavy Maintenance Policy | Heavy Maintenance |
We account for heavy maintenance costs for airframes and engines used in our ACMI and Charter segments using the direct expense method. Under this method, heavy maintenance costs are charged to expense upon induction, based on our best estimate of the costs. |
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We account for heavy maintenance costs for airframes and engines used in our Dry Leasing segment using the deferral method. Under this method, we capitalize the cost of heavy maintenance events, which are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated period until the next maintenance event is required. |
Prepaid Maintenance Deposits Policy | Prepaid Maintenance Deposits |
Certain of our aircraft financing agreements require security deposits to our finance providers to ensure that we perform major maintenance as required. These are substantially refundable to us and are, therefore, accounted for as deposits and included in Prepaid maintenance and in Deposits and other assets. Such amounts were $54.5 million as of December 31, 2014 and $48.8 million at December 31, 2013. |
Foreign Currency Policy | Foreign Currency |
While most of our revenues are denominated in U.S. dollars, our results of operations may be exposed to the effect of fluctuations in the U.S. dollar value of foreign currency-denominated operating revenues and expenses. Our largest exposures come from the Brazilian real, the British pound and the Euro. We do not currently have a foreign currency hedging program related to our foreign currency-denominated transactions. Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in Non-operating expenses (income). |
Stock-Based Compensation Policy | Stock-Based Compensation |
We have various stock-based compensation plans for certain employees and outside directors, which are described more fully in Note 13. We recognize compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the vesting period for each award based on the fair value on grant date. We estimate grant date fair value for all option grants using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. We estimate option and restricted stock unit forfeitures at the time of grant and periodically revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. As a result, we record stock-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. |
Litigation Accruals Policy | Legal and Regulatory Matters |
We are party to legal and regulatory proceedings with respect to a variety of matters. We evaluate the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome of these proceedings each quarter. Our judgments are subjective and are based on the status of the legal or regulatory proceedings, the merits of our defenses and consultation with legal counsel. Due to the inherent uncertainties of the legal and regulatory proceedings in the multiple jurisdictions in which we operate, our judgments may be different from the actual outcomes. |
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Supplemental Cash Flow Information | Supplemental Cash Flow Information |
Cash interest paid to lenders is calculated on the face amount of our various debt instruments based on the contractual interest rates in effect during each payment period. |
The amortization of debt discount shown as a reconciling item in cash flows from operating activities is the difference between interest expense and cash interest owed to lenders. This amount arises from the amortization of the difference between the fair value of our debt recorded on the balance sheet and the face amount of debt payable to lenders. |
The following table summarizes interest and income taxes paid: |
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| | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2012 |
| Interest paid | | $ | 84,265 | | $ | 68,026 | | $ | 54,790 |
| Income taxes paid, net of refunds | | $ | 1,181 | | $ | 238 | | $ | -27,371 |
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Policy | Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board amended its accounting guidance for revenue recognition. The fundamental principles of the new guidance are that companies should recognize revenue in a manner that reflects the timing of the transfer of services to customers and the amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that a company expects to receive for the services provided. It also requires additional disclosures necessary for the financial statement users to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The amended guidance is effective as of the beginning of 2017 and we are currently assessing the impact it will have on our financial statements. Early adoption is not permitted. |