LOANS | 3. LOANS Major classifications of loans at the periods indicated were as follows: December 31, 2018 2017 (In thousands) Commercial real estate $ 768,881 $ 732,616 Residential real estate: Residential 1-4 family 577,641 557,752 Home equity 97,238 92,599 Commercial and industrial 243,493 238,502 Consumer 5,203 4,478 Total gross loans 1,692,456 1,625,947 Premiums and deferred loan fees and costs, net 4,401 4,734 Allowance for loan losses (12,053 ) (10,831 ) Net loans $ 1,684,804 $ 1,619,850 There were no residential real estate loan purchases in 2018. During 2017, the Company purchased residential real estate loans aggregating $48.2 million. These purchased loans are subject to underwriting standards that are consistent with our originated loans and we consider the risk attributes to be similar to originated loans. Loans Serviced for Others. The Company has transferred a portion of its originated commercial loans to participating lenders. The amounts transferred have been accounted for as sales and are therefore not included in our accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We continue to service the loans on behalf of the participating lenders. We share, on a pro-rated basis, with participating lenders any gains or losses that may result from a borrower’s lack of compliance with contractual terms of the loan. At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company was servicing commercial loans participated out to various other institutions totaling $35.4 million and $32.6 million, respectively. Residential real estate mortgages are originated by the Bank both for its portfolio and for sale into the secondary market. The Bank may sell its loans to institutional investors such as the FHLMC. Under loan sale and servicing agreements with the investor, the Bank generally continues to service the residential real estate mortgages. The Bank pays the investor an agreed upon rate on the loan, which is less than the interest rate received from the borrower. The Bank retains the difference as a fee for servicing the residential real estate mortgages. The Bank capitalizes mortgage servicing rights at their fair value upon sale of the related loans, amortizes the asset over the estimated life of the serviced loan, and periodically assesses the asset for impairment. The significant assumptions used by a third party to estimate the fair value of capitalized servicing rights at December 31, 2018, include weighted average prepayment speed for the portfolio using the Public Securities Association Standard Prepayment Model (128 PSA), weighted average internal rate of return (12.04%), weighted average servicing fee (0.25%), and net cost to service loans ($84.48 per loan). The estimated fair value of capitalized servicing rights may vary significantly in subsequent periods primarily due to changing market interest rates, and their effect on prepayment speeds and discount rates. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company was servicing residential mortgage loans owned by investors totaling $56.6 million and $65.8 million, respectively. Net service fee income of $89,000, $63,000 and $12,500 was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and is included in service charges and fees on the consolidated statements of net income. A summary of the activity in the balances of mortgage servicing rights follows: Years Ended December 31, 2018 2017 (In thousands) Balance at the beginning of year: $ 352 $ 465 Capitalized mortgage servicing rights — — Amortization (66 ) (113 ) Balance at the end of year $ 286 $ 352 Fair value at the end of year $ 455 $ 528 Allowance for Loan Losses. An analysis of changes in the allowance for loan losses by segment for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is as follows: Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Consumer Unallocated Total (In thousands) Balance at December 31, 2015 $ 3,856 $ 2,431 $ 2,485 $ 22 $ 46 $ 8,840 Provision (credit) (668 ) 579 575 135 (46 ) 575 Charge-offs (170 ) (157 ) — (159 ) — (486 ) Recoveries 1,065 9 25 40 — 1,139 Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 4,083 $ 2,862 $ 3,085 $ 38 $ — $ 10,068 Provision (credit) 779 433 (144 ) 288 4 1,360 Charge-offs (292 ) (148 ) (289 ) (319 ) — (1,048 ) Recoveries 142 164 81 64 — 451 Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 4,712 $ 3,311 $ 2,733 $ 71 $ 4 $ 10,831 Provision (credit) 214 863 660 179 (16 ) 1,900 Charge-offs (35 ) (645 ) (299 ) (171 ) — (1,150 ) Recoveries 369 27 20 56 — 472 Balance at December 31, 2018 $ 5,260 $ 3,556 $ 3,114 $ 135 $ (12 ) $ 12,053 The following table presents information pertaining to the allowance for loan losses by segment for the dates indicated: Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Consumer Unallocated Total (In thousands) December 31, 2018 Amount of allowance for impaired loans $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Amount of allowance for non-impaired loans 5,260 3,556 3,114 135 (12 ) 12,053 Total allowance for loan losses $ 5,260 $ 3,556 $ 3,114 $ 135 $ (12 ) $ 12,053 Impaired loans $ 5,237 $ 4,754 $ 2,345 $ 60 $ — $ 12,396 Non-impaired loans 752,770 666,883 240,235 5,143 — 1,665,031 Impaired loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 10,874 3,242 913 — — 15,029 Total loans $ 768,881 $ 674,879 $ 243,493 $ 5,203 $ — $ 1,692,456 Commercial Real Estate Residential Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Consumer Unallocated Total (In thousands) December 31, 2017 Amount of allowance for impaired loans $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Amount of allowance for non-impaired loans 4,712 3,311 2,733 71 4 10,831 Total allowance for loan losses $ 4,712 $ 3,311 $ 2,733 $ 71 $ 4 $ 10,831 Impaired loans $ 3,674 $ 3,964 $ 2,766 $ 120 $ — $ 10,524 Non-impaired loans 716,571 642,787 234,582 4,358 — 1,598,298 Impaired loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 12,371 3,600 1,154 — — 17,125 Total loans $ 732,616 $ 650,351 $ 238,502 $ 4,478 $ — $ 1,625,947 Past Due and Non-accrual loans. The following tables present an age analysis of past due loans as of the dates indicated: Balance at December 31, 2018 30 – 59 Days Past Due 60 – 89 Days Past Due Greater than 90 Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Non- Accrual Loans (In thousands) Commercial real estate $ 1,857 $ — $ 2,865 $ 4,722 $ 764,159 $ 768,881 $ 4,701 Residential real estate: Residential 1,798 572 1,879 4,249 573,392 577,641 5,856 Home equity 600 5 242 847 96,391 97,238 391 Commercial and industrial 794 1,463 305 2,562 240,931 243,493 2,476 Consumer 93 1 21 115 5,088 5,203 60 Total loans $ 5,142 $ 2,041 $ 5,312 $ 12,495 $ 1,679,961 $ 1,692,456 $ 13,484 Balance at December 31, 2017 30 – 59 Days Past Due 60 – 89 Days Past Due Greater than 90 Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Non- Accrual Loans (In thousands) Commercial real estate $ 1,951 $ 144 $ 290 $ 2,385 $ 730,231 $ 732,616 $ 2,959 Residential real estate: Residential 2,992 1,480 1,911 6,383 551,369 557,752 5,961 Home equity 635 — 48 683 91,916 92,599 696 Commercial and industrial 1,731 797 162 2,690 235,812 238,502 3,019 Consumer 65 — 41 106 4,372 4,478 120 Total loans $ 7,374 $ 2,421 $ 2,452 $ 12,247 $ 1,613,700 $ 1,625,947 $ 12,755 At December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all loans past due 90 days or more were carried as non-accrual. The ratio of non-accrual loans to total loans was 0.80% and 0.78% at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Impaired Loans. The following is a summary of impaired loans by class: Year Ended At December 31, 2018 December 31, 2018 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Impaired Loans (1) (In thousands) Commercial real estate $ 16,111 $ 19,081 $ — $ 14,830 $ 772 Residential real estate 7,558 8,614 — 7,033 51 Home equity 438 468 636 4 Commercial and industrial 3,258 7,788 — 4,119 147 Consumer 60 70 85 — Total impaired loans $ 27,425 $ 36,021 $ — $ 26,703 $ 974 Year Ended At December 31, 2017 December 31, 2017 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Impaired Loans: (1) (In thousands) Commercial real estate $ 16,045 $ 18,773 $ — $ 18,215 $ 842 Residential real estate 6,816 7,298 — 6,630 45 Home equity 748 783 359 4 Commercial and industrial 3,920 9,215 — 4,388 237 Consumer 120 129 93 — Total impaired loans $ 27,649 $ 36,198 $ — $ 29,685 $ 1,128 (1) Includes loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality and performing troubled debt restructurings. The majority of impaired loans are included within the non-accrual balances; however, not every loan on non-accrual status has been designated as impaired. Impaired loans include loans that have been modified in a TDR. Impaired loans are individually evaluated and exclude large groups of smaller-balance homogeneous loans, such as residential mortgage loans and consumer loans, which are collectively evaluated for impairment, and loans that are measured at fair value, unless the loan is amended in a TDR. All payments received on impaired loans in non-accrual status are applied to principal. There was no interest income recognized on nonaccrual impaired loans during the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company’s obligation to fulfill the additional funding commitments on impaired loans is generally contingent on the borrower’s compliance with the terms of the credit agreement. If the borrower is not in compliance, additional funding commitments may or may not be made at the Company’s discretion. As of December 31, 2018, we have not committed to lend any additional funds for loans that are classified as impaired. Payments received on impaired loans in accrual status are recorded in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. Troubled debt restructurings. Loans are designated as a TDR when, as part of an agreement to modify the original contractual terms of the loan as a result of financial difficulties of the borrower, the Bank grants the borrower a concession on the terms, that would not otherwise be considered. Typically, such concessions may consist of a reduction in interest rate to a below market rate, taking into account the credit quality of the note, extension of additional credit based on receipt of adequate collateral, or a deferment or reduction of payments (principal or interest) which materially alters the Bank’s position or significantly extends the note’s maturity date, such that the present value of cash flows to be received is materially less than those contractually established at the loan’s origination. All loans that are modified are reviewed by the Company to identify if a TDR has occurred. All TDR loans are classified as impaired. When we modify loans in a TDR, we measure impairment similar to other impaired loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, or use the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs for collateral dependent loans. If we determine that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through a specific allowance or a charge-off to the allowance. Non-performing TDRs are included in non-performing loans. There were no TDR loans modified during the year ended December 31, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2017, one commercial and industrial loan in the amount of $112,000 was modified to extend the maturity and re-amortize the payments. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, no TDRs defaulted (defined as 30 days or more past due) within 12 months of restructuring. There were no charge-offs on TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2018. There were $256,000 in charge-offs on TDRs during the year ended December 31, 2017. Loans Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality The following is a summary of loans acquired with evidence of credit deterioration from Chicopee as of December 31, 2018. Contractual Required Payments Receivable Cash Expected To Be Collected Non- Accretable Discount Accretable Yield Loans Receivable (In thousands) Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 29,362 $ 23,158 $ 6,204 $ 6,033 $ 17,125 Collections (4,000 ) (2,780 ) (1,220 ) (742 ) (2,038 ) Dispositions (569 ) (495 ) (74 ) (437 ) (58 ) Balance at December 31, 2018 $ 24,793 $ 19,883 $ 4,910 $ 4,854 $ 15,029 Credit Quality Information The Company utilizes an eight-grade internal loan rating system for commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. Performing residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans are grouped with “Pass” rated loans. Non-performing residential real estate, home equity and consumer loans are monitored individually for impairment and risk rated as “substandard.” Loans rated 1 – 4 Loans rated 5 Loans rated 6 Loans rated 7 Loans rated 8 On an annual basis, or more often if needed, we formally review the ratings on all commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans. In addition, management utilizes delinquency reports, the criticized report and other loan reports to monitor credit quality. In addition, at least on an annual basis, the Company contracts with an external loan review company to review the internal credit ratings assigned to loans in the commercial loan portfolio on a pre-determined schedule, based on the type, size, rating, and overall risk of the loan. During the course of their review, the third party examines a sample of loans, including new loans, existing relationships over certain dollar amounts and classified assets. The following table presents our loans by risk rating for the periods indicated: Commercial Real Estate Residential 1-4 family Home Equity Commercial and Industrial Consumer Total (In thousands) December 31, 2018 Pass (Rated 1 – 4) $ 732,729 $ 570,428 $ 96,643 $ 207,663 $ 5,143 $ 1,612,606 Special Mention (Rated 5) 17,929 — — 12,248 — 30,177 Substandard (Rated 6) 18,223 7,213 595 23,582 60 49,673 Total $ 768,881 $ 577,641 $ 97,238 $ 243,493 $ 5,203 $ 1,692,456 Commercial Real Estate Residential 1-4 family Home Equity Commercial and Industrial Consumer Total December 31, 2017 (In thousands) Pass (Rated 1 – 4) $ 708,992 $ 551,469 $ 91,903 $ 205,537 $ 4,475 $ 1,562,376 Special Mention (Rated 5) 15,098 — — 24,565 — 39,663 Substandard (Rated 6) 8,526 6,283 696 8,400 3 23,908 Total $ 732,616 $ 557,752 $ 92,599 $ 238,502 $ 4,478 $ 1,625,947 |