UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
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þ | | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 26, 2009
OR
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o | | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 1-31312
MEDCO HEALTH SOLUTIONS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware | | 22-3461740 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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100 Parsons Pond Drive, Franklin Lakes, NJ | | 07417-2603 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 201-269-3400
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerþ | Accelerated filero | Non-Accelerated filero (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting companyo |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
As of the close of business on October 29, 2009, the registrant had 476,764,395 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, issued and outstanding.
MEDCO HEALTH SOLUTIONS, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
INDEX
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
MEDCO HEALTH SOLUTIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
(In millions, except for share data)
| | | | | | | | |
| | September 26, | | | December 27, | |
ASSETS | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Current assets: | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 2,020.3 | | | $ | 938.4 | |
Short-term investments | | | 47.6 | | | | 64.0 | |
Manufacturer accounts receivable, net | | | 1,810.9 | | | | 1,858.9 | |
Client accounts receivable, net | | | 1,646.0 | | | | 1,680.5 | |
Income taxes receivable | | | 197.5 | | | | 213.4 | |
Inventories, net | | | 1,341.4 | | | | 1,856.5 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 59.6 | | | | 326.6 | |
Deferred tax assets | | | 222.8 | | | | 159.2 | |
| | | | | | |
Total current assets | | | 7,346.1 | | | | 7,097.5 | |
Property and equipment, net | | | 869.1 | | | | 854.1 | |
Goodwill | | | 6,335.2 | | | | 6,331.4 | |
Intangible assets, net | | | 2,500.6 | | | | 2,666.4 | |
Other noncurrent assets | | | 60.8 | | | | 61.5 | |
| | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 17,111.8 | | | $ | 17,010.9 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Claims and other accounts payable | | $ | 2,768.8 | | | $ | 2,878.9 | |
Client rebates and guarantees payable | | | 2,146.7 | | | | 1,658.7 | |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | | | 620.8 | | | | 660.4 | |
Short-term debt | | | 211.7 | | | | 600.0 | |
| | | | | | |
Total current liabilities | | | 5,748.0 | | | | 5,798.0 | |
Long-term debt, net | | | 3,999.2 | | | | 4,002.9 | |
Deferred tax liabilities | | | 995.8 | | | | 1,065.3 | |
Other noncurrent liabilities | | | 206.4 | | | | 186.8 | |
| | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 10,949.4 | | | | 11,053.0 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 10) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Stockholders’ equity: | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock, par value $0.01—authorized: 10,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding: 0 | | | — | | | | — | |
Common stock, par value $0.01—authorized: 2,000,000,000 shares at September 26, 2009 and December 27, 2008; issued: 659,018,524 shares at September 26, 2009 and 652,386,763 shares at December 27, 2008 | | | 6.6 | | | | 6.5 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (55.7 | ) | | | (63.8 | ) |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 8,053.6 | | | | 7,788.9 | |
Retained earnings | | | 4,868.0 | | | | 3,929.3 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | 12,872.5 | | | | 11,660.9 | |
Treasury stock, at cost: 182,642,440 shares at September 26, 2009 and 159,061,394 shares at December 27, 2008 | | | (6,710.1 | ) | | | (5,703.0 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Total stockholders’ equity | | | 6,162.4 | | | | 5,957.9 | |
| | | | | | |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | $ | 17,111.8 | | | $ | 17,010.9 | |
| | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
MEDCO HEALTH SOLUTIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
(In millions, except for per share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Quarters Ended | | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 26, | | | September 27, | | | September 26, | | | September 27, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Product net revenues (Includes retail co-payments of $2,115 and $1,828 in the third quarters of 2009 and 2008, and $6,487 and $5,830 in the nine months of 2009 and 2008) | | $ | 14,590.8 | | | $ | 12,390.3 | | | $ | 43,936.6 | | | $ | 37,804.3 | |
Service revenues | | | 204.0 | | | | 168.8 | | | | 622.5 | | | | 492.3 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total net revenues | | | 14,794.8 | | | | 12,559.1 | | | | 44,559.1 | | | | 38,296.6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of operations: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cost of product net revenues (Includes retail co-payments of $2,115 and $1,828 in the third quarters of 2009 and 2008, and $6,487 and $5,830 in the nine months of 2009 and 2008) | | | 13,696.5 | | | | 11,580.7 | | | | 41,384.7 | | | | 35,391.5 | |
Cost of service revenues | | | 58.3 | | | | 53.6 | | | | 174.6 | | | | 146.7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total cost of revenues | | | 13,754.8 | | | | 11,634.3 | | | | 41,559.3 | | | | 35,538.2 | |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | | | 369.0 | | | | 347.2 | | | | 1,080.0 | | | | 1,044.0 | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 78.4 | | | | 71.1 | | | | 230.1 | | | | 211.2 | |
Interest expense | | | 43.3 | | | | 61.5 | | | | 131.8 | | | | 173.6 | |
Interest (income) and other (income) expense, net | | | (3.4 | ) | | | (3.3 | ) | | | (9.1 | ) | | | (3.7 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total costs and expenses | | | 14,242.1 | | | | 12,110.8 | | | | 42,992.1 | | | | 36,963.3 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before provision for income taxes | | | 552.7 | | | | 448.3 | | | | 1,567.0 | | | | 1,333.3 | |
Provision for income taxes | | | 217.1 | | | | 152.6 | | | | 628.3 | | | | 504.7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 335.6 | | | $ | 295.7 | | | $ | 938.7 | | | $ | 828.6 | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding | | | 475.4 | | | | 503.3 | | | | 482.4 | | | | 512.7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic earnings per share | | $ | 0.71 | | | $ | 0.59 | | | $ | 1.95 | | | $ | 1.62 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | | | 484.7 | | | | 513.4 | | | | 491.0 | | | | 523.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted earnings per share | | $ | 0.69 | | | $ | 0.58 | | | $ | 1.91 | | | $ | 1.58 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
MEDCO HEALTH SOLUTIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
(Shares in thousands; $ in millions, except for per share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Accumulated | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Shares of | | | Shares | | | $0.01 Par | | | Other | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Common | | | of | | | Value | | | Comprehensive | | | Additional | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Stock | | | Treasury | | | Common | | | Income | | | Paid-in | | | Retained | | | Treasury | | | | |
| | Issued | | | Stock | | | Stock | | | (Loss) | | | Capital | | | Earnings | | | Stock | | | Total | |
Balances at December 27, 2008 | | | 652,387 | | | | 159,061 | | | $ | 6.5 | | | $ | (63.8 | ) | | $ | 7,788.9 | | | $ | 3,929.3 | | | $ | (5,703.0 | ) | | $ | 5,957.9 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive income (loss): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 938.7 | | | | — | | | | 938.7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other comprehensive income (loss): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gain on investments, net of tax of $(0.1) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 0.2 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 0.2 | |
Foreign currency translation gain | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5.4 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5.4 | |
Amortization of unrealized loss on cash flow hedge, net of tax of $(1.0) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1.7 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1.7 | |
Defined benefit plans, net of tax: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amortization of prior service credit included in net periodic benefit cost, net of tax of $1.2 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1.8 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1.8 | ) |
Net gains included in net periodic benefit cost, net of tax of $(1.7) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2.6 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2.6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other comprehensive income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8.1 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total comprehensive income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8.1 | | | | — | | | | 938.7 | | | | — | | | | 946.8 | |
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | | | 368 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 15.7 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 15.7 | |
Stock option activity, including tax benefit | | | 5,285 | | | | — | | | | 0.1 | | | | — | | | | 216.8 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 216.9 | |
Restricted stock unit activity, including tax benefit | | | 979 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 32.2 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 32.2 | |
Treasury stock acquired | | | — | | | | 23,581 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,007.1 | ) | | | (1,007.1 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balances at September 26, 2009 | | | 659,019 | | | | 182,642 | | | $ | 6.6 | | | $ | (55.7 | ) | | $ | 8,053.6 | | | $ | 4,868.0 | | | $ | (6,710.1 | ) | | $ | 6,162.4 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this condensed consolidated financial statement.
3
MEDCO HEALTH SOLUTIONS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(In millions)
| | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 26, | | | September 27, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 938.7 | | | $ | 828.6 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation | | | 135.8 | | | | 117.7 | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 230.1 | | | | 211.2 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | (162.9 | ) | | | (89.4 | ) |
Stock-based compensation on employee stock plans | | | 109.1 | | | | 97.8 | |
Tax benefit on employee stock plans | | | 81.5 | | | | 63.6 | |
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation arrangements | | | (46.3 | ) | | | (39.3 | ) |
Other | | | 106.7 | | | | 80.9 | |
Net changes in assets and liabilities (net of acquisition effects, 2008 only): | | | | | | | | |
Manufacturer accounts receivable, net | | | 48.0 | | | | (306.8 | ) |
Client accounts receivable, net | | | (69.0 | ) | | | (203.9 | ) |
Inventories, net | | | 514.9 | | | | 2.5 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 267.2 | | | | 213.6 | |
Income taxes receivable | | | 15.9 | | | | 4.5 | |
Other noncurrent assets | | | 9.9 | | | | 10.5 | |
Claims and other accounts payable | | | (110.5 | ) | | | (651.5 | ) |
Client rebates and guarantees payable | | | 487.9 | | | | 555.6 | |
Accrued expenses and other current and noncurrent liabilities | | | (13.4 | ) | | | (98.4 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 2,543.6 | | | | 797.2 | |
| | | | | | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Capital expenditures | | | (154.3 | ) | | | (156.5 | ) |
Purchases of securities and other assets | | | (122.4 | ) | | | (73.0 | ) |
Cash paid for Europa Apotheek Venlo B.V., net of cash acquired | | | — | | | | (126.5 | ) |
Proceeds from sale of securities and other investments | | | 59.6 | | | | 69.0 | |
| | | | | | |
Net cash used by investing activities | | | (217.1 | ) | | | (287.0 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from long-term debt | | | — | | | | 3,235.7 | |
Repayments on long-term debt | | | — | | | | (2,150.0 | ) |
Proceeds from short-term debt | | | 11.7 | | | | — | |
Repayments under accounts receivable financing facility | | | (400.0 | ) | | | — | |
Debt issuance costs | | | (0.3 | ) | | | (11.3 | ) |
Settlement of cash flow hedge | | | — | | | | (45.4 | ) |
Purchases of treasury stock | | | (1,007.1 | ) | | | (1,956.3 | ) |
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation arrangements | | | 46.3 | | | | 39.3 | |
Net proceeds from employee stock plans | | | 104.8 | | | | 44.5 | |
| | | | | | |
Net cash used by financing activities | | | (1,244.6 | ) | | | (843.5 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 1,081.9 | | | | (333.3 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 938.4 | | | | 774.1 | |
| | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 2,020.3 | | | $ | 440.8 | |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
MEDCO HEALTH SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Medco Health Solutions, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Medco” or the “Company”) have been prepared pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC’s”) rules and regulations for reporting on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete consolidated financial statements are not included herein. In the opinion of the Company’s management, all adjustments, which include adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows at the dates and for the periods presented, have been included. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the full year. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2008. The Company’s third fiscal quarters for 2009 and 2008 each consisted of 13 weeks and ended on September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008, respectively.
2. RECENTLY ADOPTED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENT
Recently Adopted Financial Accounting Standards
Subsequent Events.In May 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a standard, which establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. It requires the disclosure of the date through which an entity has evaluated subsequent events and the basis for that date; that is, whether that date represents the date the financial statements were issued or were available to be issued. The standard was effective for interim or annual financial periods ending after June 15, 2009. The Company adopted the standard in the second quarter of 2009. The Company has evaluated subsequent events through November 3, 2009, the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company’s adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Accounting for Defensive Intangible Assets.In November 2008, Authoritative Guidance was issued, which applies to all acquired intangible assets in situations in which the acquirer does not intend to actively use the asset but intends to hold the asset to prevent its competitors from obtaining access to the asset (a defensive intangible asset). The standard is effective prospectively for intangible assets acquired on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Earlier application is not permitted. The Company’s adoption of the standard in 2009 did not have an impact on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets.In April 2008, the FASB issued a standard, which amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset and requires additional disclosure. The standard applies to all intangible assets, whether acquired in a business combination or otherwise, and is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance for determining the useful life of intangible assets is applied prospectively to intangible assets acquired after the effective date. The disclosure requirements apply prospectively to all intangible assets recognized as of, and subsequent to, the effective date. The Company’s adoption of the standard in 2009 did not have a material impact on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. For additional disclosures required under the standard, see Note 6, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net,” to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
5
Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.In March 2008, the FASB issued a standard, which requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts of gains and losses on derivative instruments and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative instruments. The standard is intended to improve financial reporting relating to derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring enhanced disclosures to enable investors to better understand their effects on an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. The standard is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008.
The Company’s derivatives consist of interest rate swap agreements on $200 million of the $500 million in 7.25% senior notes due in 2013. These swap agreements were entered into as an effective hedge to (i) convert a portion of the senior note fixed rate debt into floating rate debt; (ii) maintain a capital structure containing appropriate amounts of fixed and floating rate debt; and (iii) lower the interest expense on these notes in the near term. The Company does not expect its cash flows to be affected to any significant degree by a sudden change in market interest rates. For more information, see Note 7, “Debt,” to the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2008, and Note 3, “Fair Value Disclosures,” to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company’s adoption of the standard in 2009 did not have a material impact on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additional disclosures required under the standard are included above.
Business Combinations.In December 2007, the FASB issued a standard, which is intended to improve, simplify, and converge internationally the accounting for business combinations and the reporting of noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements. The standard requires the acquiring entity in a business combination to measure and recognize all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction; establishes the acquisition-date fair value as the measurement objective for all assets acquired and liabilities assumed; and requires the acquirer to disclose to investors and other users the information they need to evaluate and understand the nature and financial effect of the business combination. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The standard applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. In April 2009, the FASB issued additional guidance, which amends and clarifies the standard to address application issues, subsequent measurement and accounting, and disclosure of assets and liabilities arising from contingencies in a business combination. The guidance is effective for acquisition dates on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company’s adoption of the standard did not have an impact on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements.In December 2007, the FASB issued a standard, which is designed to improve the relevance, comparability, and transparency of financial information provided to investors by requiring all entities to report noncontrolling (minority) interests in subsidiaries in the same way—as equity in the consolidated financial statements. Moreover, the standard eliminates the diversity that currently exists in accounting for transactions between an entity and noncontrolling interests by requiring that they be treated as equity transactions. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Earlier adoption is prohibited. In addition, the standard must be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which it is initially applied, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements. The Company’s adoption of the standard did not have an impact on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments.In April 2009, the FASB issued a standard, which enhances consistency in financial reporting by increasing the frequency of fair value disclosures. This standard is effective for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009. The Company’s adoption of this standard in the second quarter of 2009 did not have a material impact on its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. For additional disclosures required under this standard, see Note 3, “Fair Value Disclosures—Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
6
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncement
Employers’ Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets.In December 2008, the FASB issued a standard, which provides guidance on an employer’s disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. The disclosures about plan assets required by the standard shall be provided for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009. Earlier application is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of the standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
3. FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES
Fair Value Measurements
On December 30, 2007, the Company adopted a FASB fair value measurements accounting standard except with respect to those nonrecurring measurements for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities subject to the partial deferral in related guidance issued by the FASB. The adoption of the standard in fiscal 2008 for financial assets and liabilities, and in 2009 for nonfinancial assets and liabilities, did not have an impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
Fair Value Hierarchy. The standard defines the inputs used to measure fair value into the following hierarchy:
Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting the reporting entity’s own assumptions.
The Company utilizes the best available information in measuring fair value. The following table sets forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the financial assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 26, 2009 ($ in millions):
Medco Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 26, | | | | | | |
Description | | 2009 | | Level 1 | | Level 2 | | Level 3 |
Money market mutual funds | | $ | 1,410.0 | (1) | | $ | 1,410.0 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Fair value of interest rate swap agreements | | | 13.5 | (2) | | | — | | | | 13.5 | | | | — | |
| | |
(1) | | Reported in cash and cash equivalents on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. |
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(2) | | Reported in other noncurrent assets on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. |
The Company’s money market mutual funds are invested in funds that seek to preserve principal, are highly liquid, and therefore are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at the principal amounts deposited, which equals the asset values quoted by the money market fund custodians. The fair value of the Company’s obligation under its interest rate swap agreements, which hedge interest costs on the senior notes, is based upon observable market-based inputs that reflect the present values of the difference between estimated future fixed rate payments and future variable rate receipts, and therefore are classified within Level 2. Historically, there have not been significant fluctuations in the fair value of the Company’s financial assets. For more information, see Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Recently Adopted Financial Accounting Standards,” to the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2008.
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Fair Value of Financial Instruments
On the first day of its 2009 second fiscal quarter, the Company adopted a FASB standard which requires quarterly fair value disclosures for financial instruments. The carrying amount of the accounts receivable financing facility, the term loan and revolving credit obligations under the Company’s senior unsecured bank credit facilities, short-term and long-term investments approximated fair values as of September 26, 2009 and December 27, 2008. The Company estimates fair market value for these assets and liabilities based on their market values or estimates of the present value of their cash flows.
The carrying values and the fair values of the Company’s senior notes are shown in the following table ($ in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 26, 2009 | | December 27, 2008 |
| | Carrying | | Fair | | Carrying | | Fair |
| | Amount | | Value | | Amount | | Value |
7.25% senior notes due 2013 | | $ | 498.1 | (1) | | $ | 562.2 | | | $ | 497.8 | (1) | | $ | 487.3 | |
6.125% senior notes due 2013 | | | 298.7 | (1) | | | 322.7 | | | | 298.5 | (1) | | | 284.1 | |
7.125% senior notes due 2018 | | | 1,188.9 | (1) | | | 1,367.2 | | | | 1,188.2 | (1) | | | 1,107.9 | |
| | |
(1) | | Reported in long-term debt, net, on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets, net of unamortized discount. |
The fair values of the senior notes are based on observable relevant market information. Fluctuations between the carrying values and the fair values of the senior notes for the periods presented are associated with changes in market interest rates.
4. EARNINGS PER SHARE (“EPS”)
The following is a reconciliation of the number of weighted average shares used in the basic and diluted EPS calculations (amounts in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Quarters Ended | | Nine Months Ended |
| | September 26, | | September 27, | | September 26, | | September 27, |
| | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding | | | 475.4 | | | | 503.3 | | | | 482.4 | | | | 512.7 | |
Dilutive common stock equivalents: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Outstanding stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock | | | 9.3 | | | | 10.1 | | | | 8.6 | | | | 10.3 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | | | 484.7 | | | | 513.4 | | | | 491.0 | | | | 523.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The FASB’s earnings per share standard requires that stock options and restricted stock units granted by the Company be treated as potential common shares outstanding in computing diluted earnings per share. Under the treasury stock method on a grant by grant basis, the amount the employee or director must pay for exercising the award, the amount of compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized, and the amount of tax benefit that would be recorded in additional paid-in capital when the award becomes deductible, are assumed to be used to repurchase shares at the average market price during the period. For the quarter and nine months ended September 26, 2009, there were outstanding options to purchase 4.7 million and 10.4 million shares of Medco stock, respectively, which were not dilutive to the EPS calculations when applying the treasury stock method. These outstanding options may be dilutive to future EPS calculations. For the quarter and nine months ended September 27, 2008, there were outstanding options to purchase 5.3 million and 5.4 million shares of Medco stock, respectively, which were not dilutive to the EPS calculations. The decreases in the weighted average shares outstanding and diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the quarter and nine months ended September 26, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008 result from the repurchase of approximately 182.6 million shares of stock in connection with the Company’s share repurchase programs since inception in 2005 through the third quarter of 2009, compared to an equivalent amount of 153.2 million shares repurchased inception-to-date through the end of the third quarter of 2008. The Company did not repurchase shares of stock in the third quarter of 2009, and repurchased approximately 8.3 million shares in the third quarter of 2008. The Company repurchased approximately 23.6 million and 41.8 million shares in the nine months of 2009 and 2008, respectively. In accordance with the standard, weighted average treasury shares are not considered part of the basic or diluted shares outstanding.
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5. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
The Company separately reports accounts receivable due from manufacturers and accounts receivable due from clients. Client accounts receivable are presented net of allowance for doubtful accounts and include a reduction for rebates and guarantees payable to clients when these payables are settled on a net basis in the form of an invoice credit. As of September 26, 2009 and December 27, 2008, identified net Specialty Pharmacy accounts receivable, primarily due from payors and patients, amounted to $461.3 million and $476.4 million, respectively.
The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts as of September 26, 2009 and December 27, 2008 of $136.8 million and $120.0 million, respectively, includes $82.5 million and $71.9 million, respectively, related to the Specialty Pharmacy segment. The relatively higher allowance for the Specialty Pharmacy segment reflects a different credit risk profile than the pharmacy benefit management (“PBM”) business, and is characterized by reimbursement through medical coverage, including government agencies, and higher patient co-payments. See Note 9, “Segment Reporting,” to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on the Specialty Pharmacy segment. The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts as of September 26, 2009 and December 27, 2008 also includes $36.9 million and $34.6 million, respectively, related to PolyMedica Corporation (“PolyMedica”) for diabetes supplies, which are primarily reimbursed by insurance companies and government agencies. The increase in the reserve balance reflects increased coverage of aged balances. In addition, the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts reflects amounts associated with member premiums for the Company’s Medicare Part D product offerings.
6. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
The following is a summary of the Company’s goodwill and other intangible assets ($ in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 26, 2009 | | | December 27, 2008 | |
| | Gross | | | | | | | | | | | Gross | | | | | | | |
| | Carrying | | | Accumulated | | | | | | | Carrying | | | Accumulated | | | | |
| | Value | | | Amortization | | | Net | | | Value | | | Amortization | | | Net | |
Goodwill: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
PBM(1) | | $ | 5,232.6 | | | $ | 813.4 | | | $ | 4,419.2 | | | $ | 5,228.1 | | | $ | 813.4 | | | $ | 4,414.7 | |
Specialty Pharmacy(2) | | | 1,916.0 | | | | — | | | | 1,916.0 | | | | 1,916.7 | | | | — | | | | 1,916.7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 7,148.6 | | | $ | 813.4 | | | $ | 6,335.2 | | | $ | 7,144.8 | | | $ | 813.4 | | | $ | 6,331.4 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Intangible assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
PBM(1) (3) | | $ | 3,821.6 | | | $ | 2,014.1 | | | $ | 1,807.5 | | | $ | 3,757.1 | | | $ | 1,820.4 | | | $ | 1,936.7 | |
Specialty Pharmacy(2) | | | 865.1 | | | | 172.0 | | | | 693.1 | | | | 865.1 | | | | 135.4 | | | | 729.7 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 4,686.7 | | | $ | 2,186.1 | | | $ | 2,500.6 | | | $ | 4,622.2 | | | $ | 1,955.8 | | | $ | 2,666.4 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Principally comprised of the push-down of the excess of acquisition costs over the fair value of the Company’s net assets from the acquisition of the Company by Merck & Co., Inc. (“Merck”) in 1993, and the recorded value of Medco’s client relationships at the time of acquisition and, to a lesser extent, the Company’s acquisition of a majority interest in Europa Apotheek Venlo B.V. (“Europa Apotheek”) in 2008, and the Company’s acquisitions of PolyMedica in 2007 and ProVantage Health Services, Inc. in 2000. |
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(2) | | Represents the Specialty Pharmacy segment, primarily reflecting the portion of the excess of the purchase price paid by the Company to acquire Accredo Health, Incorporated (“Accredo”) in 2005 over the fair value of tangible net assets acquired, and to a significantly lesser extent, a portion of the excess of the purchase price paid by the Company to acquire Critical Care Systems, Inc. (“Critical Care”) in 2007, and Pediatric Services of America, Inc. in 2005. |
|
(3) | | The increase in the gross carrying value of intangible assets primarily represents the recorded value of a diabetes patient list acquired in the first quarter of 2009. |
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For intangible assets existing as of September 26, 2009, aggregate intangible asset amortization expense in each of the five succeeding fiscal years is estimated as follows ($ in millions):
| | | | |
Fiscal Years Ending December | | | | |
2009 (remaining) | | $ | 75.6 | |
2010 | | | 277.0 | |
2011 | | | 258.7 | |
2012 | | | 250.6 | |
2013 | | | 246.3 | |
| | | |
Total | | $ | 1,108.2 | |
| | | |
The weighted average useful life of intangible assets subject to amortization is 23 years in total. The weighted average useful life is approximately 23 years for the PBM client relationships and approximately 21 years for the Specialty Pharmacy segment-acquired intangible assets. The Company expenses the costs to renew or extend contracts associated with intangible assets in the period the costs are incurred. For PBM client relationships, the weighted average contract period prior to the next renewal date as of September 26, 2009 is approximately 1.6 years. The Company has historically experienced client retention rates of over 95%.
The most recent assessment for impairment of goodwill for each of the designated reporting units was performed as of September 26, 2009, and the goodwill was determined not to be impaired, and there have been no significant subsequent changes in events or circumstances. The Company utilized the income approach methodology, which projects future cash flows discounted to present value. Discount rates were based on the estimated weighted average cost of capital at the reporting unit level and ranged from 9% to 13%. In order to validate the reasonableness of the estimated fair values, the Company performed a reconciliation of the aggregate fair values of all reporting units to market capitalization as of the valuation date using a reasonable control premium.
7. PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS
Net Pension and Postretirement Benefit Cost.The Company has various plans covering the majority of its employees. The net cost for the Company’s pension plans consisted of the following components ($ in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Quarters Ended | | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 26, | | | September 27, | | | September 26, | | | September 27, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Service cost | | $ | 6.1 | | | $ | 5.9 | | | $ | 18.2 | | | $ | 18.5 | |
Interest cost | | | 3.3 | | | | 2.4 | | | | 9.9 | | | | 7.2 | |
Expected return on plan assets | | | (2.5 | ) | | | (3.3 | ) | | | (7.4 | ) | | | (9.8 | ) |
Amortization of prior service cost | | | 0.1 | | | | — | | | | 0.2 | | | | — | |
Net amortization of actuarial losses | | | 1.3 | | | | 0.1 | | | | 4.0 | | | | 0.2 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net pension cost | | $ | 8.3 | | | $ | 5.1 | | | $ | 24.9 | | | $ | 16.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
The increase in the net pension cost for the quarter and nine months ended September 26, 2009 compared to the same periods in 2008 reflects increased amortization of actuarial losses and reduced expected return on plan assets, which resulted from reductions in pension plan assets from investment losses in 2008.
The Company maintains an unfunded postretirement healthcare benefit plan covering the majority of its employees. The net credit for these postretirement benefits consisted of the following components ($ in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Quarters Ended | | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 26, | | | September 27, | | | September 26, | | | September 27, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Service cost | | $ | 0.3 | | | $ | 0.2 | | | $ | 0.8 | | | $ | 0.6 | |
Interest cost | | | 0.2 | | | | 0.3 | | | | 0.6 | | | | 0.6 | |
Amortization of prior service credit | | | (1.1 | ) | | | (1.1 | ) | | | (3.1 | ) | | | (3.2 | ) |
Net amortization of actuarial losses | | | 0.2 | | | | 0.1 | | | | 0.4 | | | | 0.4 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net postretirement benefit credit | | $ | (0.4 | ) | | $ | (0.5 | ) | | $ | (1.3 | ) | | $ | (1.6 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The Company amended the postretirement healthcare benefit plan in 2003, which reduced and capped benefit obligations, the effect of which is reflected in the amortization of the prior service credit component of the net postretirement benefit credit.
8. TAXES ON INCOME
The Company’s effective tax rate was 39.3% and 40.1% for the quarter and nine months ended September 26, 2009, respectively, compared to 34.0% and 37.9% for the same periods in 2008. The 2008 rates reflect a net nonrecurring state income tax benefit of $28 million recorded in the third quarter of 2008 resulting primarily from statute of limitations expirations in certain states, partially offset by state tax law changes.
In the third quarter of 2006, the IRS commenced a routine examination of the Company’s U.S. income tax returns for the period subsequent to the spin-off, from August 20, 2003 through December 31, 2005, which is currently anticipated to be completed in the first quarter of 2010. In the fourth quarter of 2008, the IRS commenced a routine examination of the Company’s 2006 and 2007 U.S. income tax returns, which is estimated to be completed in 2010. The Company has agreed to extend the statute of limitations for the 2003 tax period and the 2004 and 2005 tax years to September 15, 2010. The IRS proposed and the Company had previously recorded certain adjustments to the Company’s 2003 to 2005 tax returns, which did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. The Company does not believe that the completion of the examination through the 2005 tax year will result in any additional significant tax adjustments.
9. SEGMENT REPORTING
Reportable Segments.The Company has two reportable segments, PBM and Specialty Pharmacy. The PBM segment involves sales of traditional prescription drugs and supplies to the Company’s clients and members, either through the Company’s networks of contractually affiliated retail pharmacies or the Company’s mail-order pharmacies. The PBM segment also includes the operating results of PolyMedica, a provider of diabetes testing supplies and related products, as well as majority-owned Europa Apotheek, which provides mail-order pharmacy and clinical healthcare services in Germany and the Netherlands, commencing on the April 28, 2008 acquisition date. The Specialty Pharmacy segment, which was formed at the time of the Accredo acquisition in 2005, includes the sale of higher-margin specialty pharmacy products and services for the treatment of chronic and complex (potentially life-threatening) diseases. The Specialty Pharmacy segment also includes the operating results of Critical Care, a provider of specialty infusion services.
The Company defines the Specialty Pharmacy segment based on a product set and associated services, broadly characterized to include drugs that are high-cost, usually developed by biotechnology companies and often injectable or infusible, and which require elevated levels of patient support. When dispensed, these products frequently require ancillary administration equipment, special packaging, and a higher degree of patient-oriented customer service than is required in the traditional PBM business model, including in-home nursing services and administration. In addition, specialty pharmacy products and services are often covered through medical benefit programs with the primary payors being insurance companies and government programs. Additionally, payors include patients, as well as PBM clients.
Selected Segment Income and Asset Information.Total net revenues and operating income are measures used by the chief operating decision maker to assess the performance of each of the Company’s operating segments. The following tables present selected financial information about the Company’s reportable segments, including a reconciliation of operating income to income before provision for income taxes ($ in millions):
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Quarterly Results: | | Quarter Ended September 26, 2009 | | | Quarter Ended September 27, 2008 | |
| | | | | | Specialty | | | | | | | | | | | Specialty | | | | |
| | PBM | | | Pharmacy | | | Total | | | PBM | | | Pharmacy | | | Total | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Product net revenues | | $ | 12,213.4 | | | $ | 2,377.4 | | | $ | 14,590.8 | | | $ | 10,393.4 | | | $ | 1,996.9 | | | $ | 12,390.3 | |
Service revenues | | | 180.8 | | | | 23.2 | | | | 204.0 | | | | 151.0 | | | | 17.8 | | | | 168.8 | |
| | | | |
Total net revenues | | | 12,394.2 | | | | 2,400.6 | | | | 14,794.8 | | | | 10,544.4 | | | | 2,014.7 | | | | 12,559.1 | |
Total cost of revenues | | | 11,531.7 | | | | 2,223.1 | | | | 13,754.8 | | | | 9,782.8 | | | | 1,851.5 | | | | 11,634.3 | |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | | | 298.6 | | | | 70.4 | | | | 369.0 | | | | 273.1 | | | | 74.1 | | | | 347.2 | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 64.5 | | | | 13.9 | | | | 78.4 | | | | 60.0 | | | | 11.1 | | | | 71.1 | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating income | | $ | 499.4 | | | $ | 93.2 | | | $ | 592.6 | | | $ | 428.5 | | | $ | 78.0 | | | $ | 506.5 | |
Reconciling items to income before provision for income taxes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | | | | | | | | | | 43.3 | | | | | | | | | | | | 61.5 | |
Interest (income) and other (income) expense, net | | | | | | | | | | | (3.4 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (3.3 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before provision for income taxes | | | | | | | | | | $ | 552.7 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 448.3 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Capital expenditures | | $ | 49.7 | | | $ | 6.5 | | | $ | 56.2 | | | $ | 64.3 | | | $ | 4.6 | | | $ | 68.9 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Year-to-Date Results: | | Nine Months Ended September 26, 2009 | | | Nine Months Ended September 27, 2008 | |
| | | | | | Specialty | | | | | | | | | | | Specialty | | | | |
| | PBM | | | Pharmacy | | | Total | | | PBM(1) | | | Pharmacy | | | Total(1) | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Product net revenues | | $ | 36,933.7 | | | $ | 7,002.9 | | | $ | 43,936.6 | | | $ | 31,972.4 | | | $ | 5,831.9 | | | $ | 37,804.3 | |
Service revenues | | | 554.4 | | | | 68.1 | | | | 622.5 | | | | 437.8 | | | | 54.5 | | | | 492.3 | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total net revenues | | | 37,488.1 | | | | 7,071.0 | | | | 44,559.1 | | | | 32,410.2 | | | | 5,886.4 | | | | 38,296.6 | |
Total cost of revenues | | | 35,019.2 | | | | 6,540.1 | | | | 41,559.3 | | | | 30,118.1 | | | | 5,420.1 | | | | 35,538.2 | |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | | | 858.7 | | | | 221.3 | | | | 1,080.0 | | | | 820.6 | | | | 223.4 | | | | 1,044.0 | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 193.5 | | | | 36.6 | | | | 230.1 | | | | 177.8 | | | | 33.4 | | | | 211.2 | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating income | | $ | 1,416.7 | | | $ | 273.0 | | | $ | 1,689.7 | | | $ | 1,293.7 | | | $ | 209.5 | | | $ | 1,503.2 | |
Reconciling items to income before provision for income taxes: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | | | | | | | | | | 131.8 | | | | | | | | | | | | 173.6 | |
Interest (income) and other (income) expense, net | | | | | | | | | | | (9.1 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (3.7 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before provision for income taxes | | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,567.0 | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 1,333.3 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Capital expenditures | | $ | 137.4 | | | $ | 16.9 | | | $ | 154.3 | | | $ | 139.9 | | | $ | 16.6 | | | $ | 156.5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Identifiable Assets: | | As of September 26, 2009 | | As of December 27, 2008 |
| | | | | | Specialty | | | | | | | | | | Specialty | | |
| | PBM | | Pharmacy | | Total | | PBM | | Pharmacy | | Total |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total identifiable assets | | $ | 13,456.5 | | | $ | 3,655.3 | | | $ | 17,111.8 | | | $ | 13,267.2 | | | $ | 3,743.7 | | | $ | 17,010.9 | |
| | |
(1) | | Includes majority-owned Europa Apotheek’s operating results commencing on the April 28, 2008 acquisition date. |
10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in litigation, claims, government inquiries, investigations, charges and proceedings, including, but not limited to, those relating to regulatory, commercial, employment, employee benefits and securities matters. The significant matters are described below.
There is uncertainty regarding the possible course and outcome of the proceedings discussed below. Although it is not feasible to predict or determine the final outcome of any proceedings with certainty, the Company believes there is no litigation pending against the Company that could have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, liquidity and operating results. However, there can be no assurances that an adverse outcome in any of the proceedings described below will not result in material fines, penalties and damages, changes to the Company’s business practices, loss of (or litigation with) clients or a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, liquidity and operating results. It is also possible that future results of operations for any particular quarterly or annual period could be materially adversely affected by the ultimate resolution
12
of one or more of these matters, or changes in the Company’s assumptions or its strategies related to these proceedings. The Company continues to believe that its business practices comply in all material respects with applicable laws and regulations and is vigorously defending itself in the actions described below. The Company believes that most of the claims made in these proceedings would not likely be covered by insurance.
In accordance with the FASB’s standard on accounting for contingencies, the Company records accruals for contingencies when it is probable that a liability will be incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. These assessments can involve a series of complex judgments about future events and may rely heavily on estimates and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by management.
Government Proceedings and Requests for Information.The Company is aware of the existence of three sealedqui tammatters. The first action is filed in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and it appears to allege that the Company billed government payors using invalid or out-of-date national drug codes (“NDCs”). The second action is filed in the District of New Jersey and appears to allege that the Company charged government payors a different rate than it reimbursed pharmacies; engaged in duplicate billing; refilled prescriptions too soon; and billed government payors for prescriptions written by unlicensed physicians and physicians with invalid Drug Enforcement Agency authorizations. The Department of Justice has not yet made any decision as to whether it will intervene in either of these matters. The matters are under seal and U.S. District Court orders prohibit the Company from answering inquiries about the complaints. The Company was notified of the existence of these twoqui tammatters during settlement negotiations on an unrelated matter with the Department of Justice in 2006. The Company does not know the identities of the relators in either of these matters. These twoqui tammatters were not considered in the Company’s settlement with the Department of Justice discussed in Note 13, “Legal Settlements Charge,” to the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2008.
A thirdqui tammatter relates to PolyMedica, a subsidiary of the Company acquired in the fourth quarter of 2007. The Company is currently complying with a subpoena for documents relating to this matter from the Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Inspector General and fully cooperating with the Government’s investigation. The Company has learned that the Government’s investigation arose from aqui tamcomplaint that was filed against the Company and PolyMedica. The Company was able to make the public disclosure of the existence of thequi tam pursuant to an order issued by the Court where thequi tamcomplaint was filed, permitting disclosure of the existence of thequi tamcomplaint. Thequi tamcomplaint itself, and all filings in the case, remain under seal until further order of the applicable Court. By order of the Court, Medco is prohibited from disclosing any additional information regarding thequi tam complaint. The Government has not made an intervention decision at this time.
ERISA and Similar Litigation.In December 1997, a lawsuit captionedGruer v. Merck-Medco Managed Care, L.L.C.was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against Merck and the Company. The suit alleges that the Company should be treated as a “fiduciary” under the provisions of ERISA (the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) and that the Company had breached fiduciary obligations under ERISA in a variety of ways. After theGruercase was filed, a number of other cases were filed in the same Court asserting similar claims. In December 2002, Merck and the Company agreed to settle theGruerseries of lawsuits on a class action basis for $42.5 million, and agreed to certain business practice changes, to avoid the significant cost and distraction of protracted litigation. In September 2003, the Company paid $38.3 million to an escrow account, representing the Company’s portion, or 90%, of the proposed settlement. The release of claims under the settlement applies to plans for which the Company administered a pharmacy benefit at any time between December 17, 1994 and the date of final approval. It does not involve the release of any potential antitrust claims. In May 2004, the U.S. District Court granted final approval to the settlement and a final judgment was entered in June 2004.
Various appeals were taken and in October 2007, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit overruled all but one objection to the settlement that had been the subject of the appeals. The appeals court vacated the lower court’s approval of the settlement in one respect, and remanded the case to the District Court for further proceedings relating to the manner in which the settlement funds should be allocated between self-funded and insured plans. Since that time, the settlement has been revised to allocate a greater percentage of the settlement funds to self-funded plans, and in June 2009, the District Court approved the modified plan of allocation. The plaintiff in one of the similarGruerseries of cases discussed above,Blumenthal v. Merck-Medco Managed Care, L.L.C., et al.,has elected to opt out of the settlement.
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Similar ERISA-based complaints against the Company and Merck were filed in eight additional actions by ERISA plan participants, purportedly on behalf of their plans, and, in some of the actions, similarly situated self-funded plans. The ERISA plans themselves, which were not parties to these lawsuits, had elected to participate in theGruersettlement discussed above and, accordingly, seven of these actions had been dismissed pursuant to the final judgment discussed above. The plaintiff in another action,Betty Jo Jones v. Merck-Medco Managed Care, L.L.C., et al., has filed a Second Amended Complaint, in which she seeks to represent a class of all participants and beneficiaries of ERISA plans that required such participants to pay a percentage co-payment on prescription drugs. The effect of the release under theGruersettlement discussed above on theJonesaction has not yet been litigated. In addition to these cases, a proposed class action complaint against Merck and the Company has been filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California by trustees of another benefit plan, the United Food and Commercial Workers Local Union No. 1529 and Employers Health and Welfare Plan Trust. This plan has elected to opt out of theGruersettlement. TheUnited Food and Commercial Workers Local Union No. 1529 and Employers Health and Welfare Plan Trust v. Medco Health Solutions, Inc. and Merck & Co., Inc. action has been transferred and consolidated in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York by order of the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation.
In September 2002, a lawsuit captionedMiles v. Merck-Medco Managed Care, L.L.C.,based on allegations similar to those in the ERISA cases discussed above, was filed against Merck and the Company in the Superior Court of California. The theory of liability in this action is based on a California law prohibiting unfair business practices. TheMilescase was removed to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California and was later transferred to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York and consolidated with the ERISA cases pending against Merck and the Company in that Court.
The Company does not believe that it is a fiduciary under ERISA (except in those instances in which it has expressly contracted to act as a fiduciary for limited purposes), and believes that its business practices comply with all applicable laws and regulations.
Antitrust and Related Litigation.In August 2003, a lawsuit captionedBrady Enterprises, Inc., et al. v. Medco Health Solutions, Inc., et al.was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania against Merck and the Company. The plaintiffs, who seek to represent a national class of retail pharmacies that had contracted with the Company, allege that the Company has conspired with, acted as the common agent for, and used the combined bargaining power of plan sponsors to restrain competition in the market for the dispensing and sale of prescription drugs. The plaintiffs allege that, through the alleged conspiracy, the Company has engaged in various forms of anticompetitive conduct, including, among other things, setting artificially low reimbursement rates to such pharmacies. The plaintiffs assert claims for violation of the Sherman Act and seek treble damages and injunctive relief. The plaintiffs’ motion for class certification is currently pending before the Multidistrict Litigation Court.
In October 2003, a lawsuit captionedNorth Jackson Pharmacy, Inc., et al. v. Medco Health Solutions, Inc., et al.was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama against Merck and the Company. In their Second Amended Complaint, the plaintiffs allege that Merck and the Company engaged in price fixing and other unlawful concerted actions with others, including other PBMs, to restrain trade in the dispensing and sale of prescription drugs to customers of retail pharmacies who participate in programs or plans that pay for all or part of the drugs dispensed, and conspired with, acted as the common agent for, and used the combined bargaining power of plan sponsors to restrain competition in the market for the dispensing and sale of prescription drugs. The plaintiffs allege that, through such concerted action, Merck and the Company engaged in various forms of anticompetitive conduct, including, among other things, setting reimbursement rates to such pharmacies at unreasonably low levels. The plaintiffs assert claims for violation of the Sherman Act and seek treble damages and injunctive relief. The plaintiffs’ motion for class certification has been granted, but this matter has been consolidated with other actions where class certification remains an open issue.
In December 2005, a lawsuit captionedMike’s Medical Center Pharmacy, et al. v. Medco Health Solutions, Inc., et al. was filed against the Company and Merck in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The plaintiffs seek to represent a class of all pharmacies and pharmacists that had contracted with the Company and California pharmacies that had indirectly purchased prescription drugs from Merck and make factual allegations similar to those in theAlameda Drug Companyaction discussed below. The plaintiffs assert claims for violation of the Sherman Act,
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California antitrust law and California law prohibiting unfair business practices. The plaintiffs demand, among other things, treble damages, restitution, disgorgement of unlawfully obtained profits and injunctive relief.
In April 2006, theBradyplaintiffs filed a petition to transfer and consolidate various antitrust actions against PBMs, includingNorth Jackson, Brady,andMike’s Medical Centerbefore a single federal judge. The motion was granted in August 2006. These actions are now consolidated for pretrial purposes in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The consolidated action is known asIn re Pharmacy Benefit Managers Antitrust Litigation.The plaintiffs’ motion for class certification in certain actions is currently pending before the Multidistrict Litigation Court.
In January 2004, a lawsuit captionedAlameda Drug Company, Inc., et al. v. Medco Health Solutions, Inc., et al.was filed against the Company and Merck in the Superior Court of California. The plaintiffs, which seek to represent a class of all California pharmacies that had contracted with the Company and that had indirectly purchased prescription drugs from Merck, allege, among other things, that since the expiration of a 1995 consent injunction entered by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, if not earlier, the Company failed to maintain an Open Formulary (as defined in the consent injunction), and that the Company and Merck had failed to prevent nonpublic information received from competitors of Merck and the Company from being disclosed to each other. The complaint also copies verbatim many of the allegations in the amended complaint-in-intervention filed by the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, discussed in Note 13, “Legal Settlements Charge” to the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2008. The plaintiffs further allege that, as a result of these alleged practices, the Company has been able to increase its market share and artificially reduce the level of reimbursement to the retail pharmacy class members, and that the prices of prescription drugs from Merck and other pharmaceutical manufacturers that do business with the Company had been fixed and raised above competitive levels. The plaintiffs assert claims for violation of California antitrust law and California law prohibiting unfair business practices. The plaintiffs demand, among other things, compensatory damages, restitution, disgorgement of unlawfully obtained profits and injunctive relief. In the complaint, the plaintiffs further allege, among other things, that the Company acts as a purchasing agent for its plan sponsor customers, resulting in a system that serves to suppress competition.
In February 2006, a lawsuit captionedChelsea Family Pharmacy, PLLC v. Medco Health Solutions, Inc.,was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma. The plaintiff, which seeks to represent a class of Oklahoma pharmacies that had contracted with the Company within three years prior to the filing of the complaint, alleges, among other things, that the Company has contracted with retail pharmacies at rates that are less than the prevailing rates paid by ordinary consumers and has denied consumers their choice of pharmacy by placing restrictions on the plaintiff’s ability to dispense pharmaceutical goods and services. The plaintiff asserts that the Company’s activities violate the Oklahoma Third Party Prescription Act and asserts related claims, and seeks, among other things, compensatory damages, attorneys’ fees and injunctive relief. In September 2007, the Magistrate Judge recommended that the District Court deny Medco’s motion to stay the action pending arbitration, which the District Court affirmed in July 2008. Medco appealed the District Court’s decision, and in June 2009, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed in part and reversed in part, finding that any claims related to reimbursement must be arbitrated. In October 2009, the plaintiff dismissed this matter.
Contract Litigation.In 2006, a group of independent pharmacies filed an arbitration demand against Medco captionedTomeldon Company, Inc. et al. v. Medco Health Solutions, Inc. The claimant pharmacies allege, among other things, breach of contract arising out of Medco’s Pharmacy Services Manual and Medco’s audits of compound claims. The arbitration demand was filed on behalf of a purported class of retail pharmacies that had been audited for overpriced compounds. The claimants later expanded their claims to include two additional classes: one for pharmacies that claimed they lost profits after leaving Medco’s network following an audit finding of overpriced compounds and one for pharmacies subject to audits that were not yet finalized. In August 2008, the arbitration panel certified the original class but only concerning certain breach of contract claims. The panel declined to certify the additional proposed classes and also declined to certify the original class based on business tort or quasi-contract claims. In June 2009, the parties reached an agreement in principle to settle the dispute for an immaterial amount. Settlement notices were mailed to class members in September 2009, and a fairness hearing took place in October 2009.
PolyMedica Shareholder Litigation.In August 2007, a putative stockholder class action lawsuit related to the merger was filed by purported stockholders of PolyMedica in the Superior Court of Massachusetts for Middlesex County
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against, amongst others, the Company and its affiliate, MACQ Corp. The lawsuit captioned,Groen v. PolyMedica Corp. et al.,alleged, among other things, that the price agreed to in the merger agreement was inadequate and unfair to the PolyMedica stockholders and that the defendants breached their duties to the stockholders and/or aided breaches of duty by other defendants in negotiating and approving the merger agreement. Shortly thereafter, two virtually identical lawsuits (only one of which named the Company as a defendant) were filed in the same Court. In September 2007, the parties to these actions reached an agreement in principle to settle the actions for an immaterial amount and in May 2008, the Court granted final approval of the settlement and dismissed the actions with prejudice on the merits. Plaintiffs’ counsel’s application for attorneys’ fees was rejected by the Court, resulting in the award of costs only. Plaintiffs’ counsel has filed a motion for reconsideration of the fees with the Court.
Other Matters
The Company entered into an indemnification and insurance matters agreement with Merck in connection with the spin-off. To the extent that the Company is required to indemnify Merck for liabilities arising out of a lawsuit, an adverse outcome with respect to Merck could result in the Company making indemnification payments in amounts that could be material, in addition to any damages that the Company is required to pay.
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in disputes with clients, retail pharmacies and vendors, which may involve litigation, claims, arbitrations and other proceedings. Although it is not feasible to predict or determine the final outcome of any proceedings with certainty, the Company does not believe that any of these disputes could have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, liquidity or operating results.
Purchase Commitments
As of September 26, 2009, the Company has purchase commitments primarily for diabetes supplies and technology-related agreements of $134.2 million. The Company also has contractual commitments to purchase inventory from certain biopharmaceutical manufacturers associated with Accredo’s Specialty Pharmacy business, consisting of a firm commitment for the fourth quarter of 2009 of $13.3 million, with an additional variable commitment through mid-2011 based on patient usage, and a firm commitment for the remainder of 2009 of $23.0 million, with an additional commitment through 2012 with a variable price component.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause results to differ materially from those set forth in the statements. No forward-looking statement can be guaranteed, and actual results may differ materially from those projected. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about the business and future financial results of the pharmacy benefit management (“PBM”) and specialty pharmacy industries, and other legal, regulatory and economic developments. We use words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “plans,” “expects,” “projects,” “future,” “intends,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue” and similar expressions to identify these forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those set forth below.
| • | | Competition in the PBM, specialty pharmacy and the broader healthcare industry is intense and could impair our ability to attract and retain clients; |
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| • | | Failure to retain key clients and their members, either as a result of economic conditions, increased competition or other factors, could result in significantly decreased revenues and could harm our profitability; |
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| • | | If we do not continue to earn and retain purchase discounts and rebates from manufacturers at current levels, our gross margins may decline; |
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| • | | If we are unable to effectively integrate acquired businesses into ours, our operating results may be adversely affected. Even if we are successful, the integration of these businesses has required, and will likely continue to require, significant resources and management attention; |
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| • | | If we fail to comply with complex and evolving laws and regulations in the U.S. and internationally, we could suffer penalties, or be required to pay substantial damages or make significant changes to our operations; |
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| • | | Government efforts to reduce healthcare costs and alter healthcare financing practices could lead to a decreased demand for our services or to reduced profitability; |
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| • | | Failure in continued execution of our retiree strategy, including the potential loss of Medicare Part D-eligible members, could adversely impact our business and financial results; |
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| • | | PBMs could be subject to claims under ERISA if they are found to be a fiduciary of a health benefit plan governed by ERISA; |
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| • | | Pending litigation could adversely impact our business practices and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity and operating results; |
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| • | | We are subject to corporate integrity agreements and noncompliance may impede our ability to conduct business with the federal government; |
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| • | | New legislative or regulatory initiatives that restrict or prohibit the PBM industry’s ability to use patient identifiable medical information could limit our ability to use information that is critical to the operation of our business; |
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| • | | Our Specialty Pharmacy business is highly dependent on our relationships with a limited number of biopharmaceutical suppliers and the loss of any of these relationships could significantly impact our ability to sustain or improve our financial performance; |
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| • | | Our ability to grow our Specialty Pharmacy business could be limited if we do not expand our existing base of drugs or if we lose patients; |
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| • | | Our Specialty Pharmacy business, certain revenues from diabetes testing supplies and our Medicare Part D offerings expose us to increased credit risk; |
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| • | | Changes in industry pricing benchmarks could adversely affect our financial performance; |
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| • | | The terms and covenants relating to our existing indebtedness could adversely impact our financial performance and our liquidity; |
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| • | | Prescription volumes may decline, and our net revenues and profitability may be negatively impacted, if the safety risk profiles of drugs increase or if drugs are withdrawn from the market, including as a result of manufacturing issues, or if prescription drugs transition to over-the-counter products; |
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| • | | We may be subject to liability claims for damages and other expenses that are not covered by insurance; |
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| • | | The success of our business depends on maintaining a well-secured pharmacy operation and technology infrastructure. Additionally, significant disruptions to our infrastructure or any of our facilities due to failure to execute security measures or failure to execute business continuity plans in the event of an epidemic or pandemic such as H1N1 influenza (swine flu) or some other catastrophic event could adversely impact our business; |
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| • | | We could be required to record a material non-cash charge to income if our recorded intangible assets or goodwill are impaired, or if we shorten intangible asset useful lives; |
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| • | | Changes in reimbursement rates, including competitive bidding for durable medical equipment suppliers, could negatively affect our Accredo and PolyMedica revenues and profits; and |
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| • | | Anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law (“DGCL”), our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws could delay or deter a change in control and make it more difficult to remove incumbent officers and directors. |
The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. You should carefully consider the foregoing factors and the other risks and uncertainties that affect our business described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q (including Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q) and other documents filed from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Overview
We are a leading healthcare company that is pioneeringthe world’s most advanced pharmacy® and our clinical research and innovations are part ofMedco making medicine smarter™ for more than 60 million members. Medco provides clinically-driven pharmacy services designed to improve the quality of care and lower total healthcare costs for private and public employers, health plans, labor unions and government agencies of all sizes, and for individuals served by the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Plans. Through our unique Medco Therapeutic Resource Centers® in which our therapy management programs include the use of specialist pharmacists focused on specific disease states, and Accredo Health Group, Medco’s Specialty Pharmacy, we are creating innovative models for the care of patients with chronic and complex conditions.
Our business model requires collaboration with retail pharmacies, physicians, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) for Medicare, pharmaceutical manufacturers, and particularly in Specialty Pharmacy, collaboration with state Medicaid agencies, and other payors such as insurers. Our programs and services help control the cost and enhance the quality of prescription drug benefits. We accomplish this by providing PBM services through our national networks of retail pharmacies and our own mail-order pharmacies, as well as through Accredo Health Group, which we believe is the nation’s largest specialty pharmacy based on revenues. Medco’s Therapeutic Resource Center focused on diabetes was augmented with the 2007 acquisition of PolyMedica Corporation (“PolyMedica”), through which we became the largest diabetes pharmacy care practice based on covered patients. In 2008, we also extended our capabilities abroad when we acquired a majority interest in Europa Apotheek Venlo B.V. (“Europa Apotheek”), a privately held company based in the Netherlands that provides mail-order pharmacy and clinical healthcare services in Germany and the Netherlands. See Note 3, “Acquisitions of Businesses,” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2008 for more information.
The complicated environment in which we operate presents us with opportunities, challenges and risks. Our clients and members are paramount to our success; the retention of existing clients and members and winning of new clients and members poses the greatest opportunity to us and the loss thereof, including as a result of economic conditions, represents an ongoing risk. The preservation of our relationships with pharmaceutical manufacturers, biopharmaceutical manufacturers and retail pharmacies is very important to the execution of our business strategies. Our future success will be largely dependent on our ability to drive mail-order volume and increase generic dispensing rates in light of the significant brand-name drug patent expirations expected to occur over the next several years, as well as our ability to continue to provide innovative and competitive clinical and other services to clients and members, including through our active participation in the Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Plan (“Medicare Part D”) benefit, the rapidly growing specialty pharmacy industry and our Therapeutic Resource Centers. Additionally, our future success will depend on our continued ability to generate positive cash flows from operations with a keen focus on asset management and maximizing return on invested capital.
Our financial performance benefits from the diversity of our client base and our clinically-driven business model, which we believe provides better clinical outcomes at lower costs for our clients. We actively monitor the status of our
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accounts receivable and have mechanisms in place to minimize the potential for incurring material accounts receivable credit risk. To date, we have not experienced any significant deterioration in our client or manufacturer accounts receivable.
When we use “Medco,” “we,” “us” and “our,” we mean Medco Health Solutions, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries. When we use the term “mail order,” we mean inventory dispensed through Medco’s mail-order pharmacy operations.
Key Indicators Reviewed by Management
Management reviews the following indicators in analyzing our consolidated financial performance: net revenues, with a particular focus on mail-order revenue; adjusted prescription volume; generic dispensing rate; gross margin percentage; cash flow from operations; return on invested capital; diluted earnings per share; Specialty Pharmacy segment revenue and operating income; Earnings Before Interest Income/Expense, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization (“EBITDA”); and EBITDA per adjusted prescription. See “—EBITDA” further below for a definition and calculation of EBITDA and EBITDA per adjusted prescription. We believe these measures highlight key business trends and are important in evaluating our overall performance.
Financial Performance Summary for the Quarter and Nine Months Ended September 26, 2009
Our diluted earnings per share increased 19.0% to $0.69 and net income increased 13.5% to $335.6 million for the third quarter of 2009 compared to $0.58 per share and $295.7 million, respectively, for the third quarter of 2008. Our diluted earnings per share increased 20.9% to $1.91 and net income increased 13.3% to $938.7 million for the nine months of 2009 compared to $1.58 per share and $828.6 million, respectively, for the nine months of 2008. These increases primarily reflect higher generic dispensing rates, favorable retail pharmacy reimbursement rates and retail volumes, growth in the Specialty Pharmacy business and service margin, as well as a decrease in the diluted weighted average shares outstanding. These are partially offset by lower mail-order brand-name volumes, steeper client price discounts associated with new clients and renewals of existing clients, and decreased manufacturer rebate retention rates. In addition, these results include the operating results of majority-owned Europa Apotheek commencing on the April 28, 2008 acquisition date. For the nine months ended September 26, 2009, we generated cash flow from operations of $2,543.6 million and had cash and cash equivalents of $2,020.3 million on our unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 26, 2009.
The diluted weighted average shares outstanding were 484.7 million for the third quarter and 491.0 million for the nine months of 2009, compared to 513.4 million for the third quarter and 523.0 million for the nine months of 2008, representing decreases of 5.6% and 6.1%, respectively, resulting primarily from our share repurchase programs.
Our total net revenues increased 17.8% to $14,794.8 million for the third quarter, and increased 16.4% to $44,559.1 million for the nine months of 2009. Product net revenues increased 17.8% to $14,590.8 million for the third quarter, and 16.2% to $43,936.6 million for the nine months of 2009, which reflects product price inflation primarily on brand-name drugs, as well as higher retail volume driven by new business, partially offset by a greater representation of lower-priced generic drugs and higher client price discounts, as well as lower mail-order brand-name volumes. Additionally, our service revenues increased 20.9% to $204.0 million for the third quarter, and 26.4% to $622.5 million for the nine months of 2009, which reflects higher client and other service revenues primarily from higher claims processing administrative fees and higher revenue associated with Medicare Part D-related product offerings.
The total adjusted prescription volume, which adjusts mail-order prescription volume for the difference in days supply between mail order and retail, increased 14.1% to 220.2 million for the third quarter and 12.3% to 671.3 million for the nine months of 2009 and reflects substantially higher retail volumes attributed to new clients. The higher volume of retail prescriptions also resulted in a decrease in the adjusted mail-order penetration rate from 40.4% in the third quarter and 39.5% in the nine months of 2008, to 34.5% in the third quarter and 34.3% in the nine months of 2009.
Our overall generic dispensing rate increased to 67.7% in the third quarter and 67.3% in the nine months of 2009, from 64.4% in the third quarter and 63.8% in the nine months of 2008, reflecting the impact of the introduction of new
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generic products during these periods and the effect of client plan design changes promoting the use of lower-priced and more steeply discounted generics. Higher generic volumes, which contribute to lower costs for clients and members, resulted in a reduction in net revenues of approximately $560 million for the third quarter and $1,830 million for the nine months of 2009.
Our overall gross margin decreased to 7.0% in the third quarter and 6.7% in the nine months of 2009, from 7.4% in the third quarter and 7.2% in the nine months of 2008, primarily reflecting the higher mix of retail prescriptions. In addition, the gross margin percentage was favorably impacted by increased generic dispensing rates, retail pharmacy reimbursement rates, and service margin, partially offset by higher client price discounts and lower rebate retention.
Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses of $369.0 million for the third quarter of 2009 increased by $21.8 million, or 6.3%, from the third quarter of 2008. SG&A expenses of $1,080.0 million for the nine months of 2009 increased by $36.0 million, or 3.4%, from the nine months of 2008. These increases primarily reflect higher performance-related and stock-based compensation expenses, as well as higher depreciation expense.
Amortization of intangible assets of $78.4 million for the third quarter and $230.1 million for the nine months of 2009 increased $7.3 million and $18.9 million, respectively, from the third quarter and nine months of 2008, reflecting additional intangible amortization from PolyMedica associated with the Liberty trade name and patient list acquisitions. In addition for the nine months, there was increased intangible amortization as a result of the April 28, 2008 acquisition of a majority interest in Europa Apotheek.
Interest expense of $43.3 million for the third quarter and $131.8 million for the nine months of 2009 decreased $18.2 million and $41.8 million, respectively, from the third quarter and nine months of 2008, primarily reflecting lower interest rates on the floating rate components of outstanding debt. Additionally, during the third quarter of 2009, there was a $400 million repayment on the accounts receivable financing facility.
Interest (income) and other (income) expense, net, of ($3.4) million for the third quarter was in line with the ($3.3) million for the third quarter of 2008. Interest (income) and other (income) expense, net, of ($9.1) million for the nine months of 2009 increased $5.4 million from ($3.7) million in the nine months of 2008, primarily attributable to a first-quarter 2008 charge for the ineffective portion of the forward-starting interest rate swap agreements associated with our March 2008 issuance of senior notes, which is described further below under “ — Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Facilities—Swap Agreements.” This is partially offset by decreased interest income reflecting lower interest rates on higher cash balances.
Our effective tax rate (defined as the percentage relationship of provision for income taxes to income before provision for income taxes) was 39.3% for the third quarter and 40.1% for the nine months of 2009, compared to 34.0% for the third quarter and 37.9% for the nine months of 2008. The lower effective tax rate in 2008 reflects a third-quarter 2008 nonrecurring state income tax benefit of $28 million primarily resulting from statute of limitations expirations in certain states.
Key Financial Statement Components
Consolidated Statements of Income
Our net revenues are comprised primarily of product net revenues and are derived principally from the sale of prescription drugs through our networks of contractually affiliated retail pharmacies and through our mail-order pharmacies, and are recorded net of certain discounts, rebates and guarantees payable to clients and members. The majority of our product net revenues are derived on a fee-for-service basis. Product net revenues also include revenues from the sale of diabetes supplies by PolyMedica. Our Specialty Pharmacy product net revenues represent revenues from the sale of primarily biopharmaceutical drugs and are reported at the net amount billed to third-party payors and patients.
In addition, our product net revenues include premiums associated with our Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Program (“PDP”) risk-based product offerings. These products involve prescription dispensing for beneficiaries enrolled in the CMS-sponsored Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit. Our two insurance company subsidiaries have been
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operating under contracts with CMS since 2006, and currently offer several Medicare PDP options. The products involve underwriting the benefit, charging enrollees applicable premiums, providing covered prescription drugs and administering the benefit as filed with CMS. We provide three Medicare drug benefit plan options for beneficiaries, including (i) a “standard Part D” benefit plan as mandated by statute, and (ii) two benefit plans with enhanced coverage, that exceed the standard Part D benefit plan, available for an additional premium. We also offer numerous customized benefit plan designs to employer group retiree plans under the CMS Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit.
The PDP premiums are determined based on our annual bid and related contractual arrangements with CMS. The PDP premiums are primarily comprised of amounts received from CMS as part of a direct subsidy and an additional subsidy from CMS for low-income member premiums, as well as premium payments received from members. These premiums are recognized ratably to product net revenues over the period in which members are entitled to receive benefits. Premiums received in advance of the applicable benefit period are deferred and recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. There is a possibility that the annual costs of drugs may be higher or lower than premium revenues. As a result, CMS provides a risk corridor adjustment for the standard drug benefit that compares our actual annual drug costs incurred to the targeted premiums in our CMS-approved bid. Based on specific collars in the risk corridor, we will receive from CMS additional premium amounts or be required to refund to CMS previously received premium amounts. We calculate the risk corridor adjustment on a quarterly basis based on drug cost experience to date and record an adjustment to product net revenues with a corresponding account receivable or payable to CMS reflected on the consolidated balance sheets.
In addition to premiums, there are certain co-payments and deductibles (the “cost share”) due from members based on prescription orders by those members, some of which are subsidized by CMS in cases of low-income membership. For subsidies received in advance, the amount is deferred and recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. If there is cost share due from members or CMS, the amount is accrued and recorded in client accounts receivable, net, on the consolidated balance sheets. After the end of the contract year and based on actual annual drug costs incurred, cost share amounts are reconciled with CMS and the corresponding receivable or payable is settled. The cost share is treated consistently as other co-payments derived from providing PBM services, as a component of product net revenues on the consolidated statements of income where the requirements of Authoritative Guidance are met. For further details, see our critical accounting policies included in “—Use of Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” and Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2008. In the third quarter and nine months of 2009, premium revenues for our PDP products, which exclude member cost share, were $129 million and $420 million, respectively, or less than 1% of total net revenues. In the third quarter and nine months of 2008, premium revenues for our PDP products, which exclude member cost share, were $75 million and $245 million, respectively, or less than 1% of total net revenues.
Our agreements with CMS, as well as applicable Medicare Part D regulations and federal and state laws, require us to, among other obligations: (i) comply with certain disclosure, filing, record-keeping and marketing rules; (ii) operate quality assurance, drug utilization management and medication therapy management programs; (iii) support e-prescribing initiatives; (iv) implement grievance, appeals and formulary exception processes; (v) comply with payment protocols, which include the return of overpayments to CMS and, in certain circumstances, coordination with state pharmacy assistance programs; (vi) use approved networks and formularies, and provide access to such networks to “any willing pharmacy;” (vii) provide emergency out-of-network coverage; and (viii) implement a comprehensive Medicare and Fraud, Waste and Abuse compliance program. As a CMS-approved PDP, our policies and practices associated with executing the program are subject to audit, and if material contractual or regulatory non-compliance was to be identified, applicable sanctions and/or monetary penalties, including suspension of enrollment and marketing, may be imposed. Additionally, each calendar year, payment will vary based on the annual benchmark that applies as a result of Medicare Part D plan bids for the applicable year, as well as for changes in the CMS methodology for calculating risk adjustment factors.
Service revenues consist principally of administrative fees and clinical program fees earned from clients and other non-product-related revenues, sales of prescription services to pharmaceutical manufacturers and data to other parties, and performance-oriented fees paid by Specialty Pharmacy manufacturers.
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Cost of revenues is comprised primarily of cost of product net revenues and is principally attributable to the dispensing of prescription drugs. Cost of product net revenues for prescriptions dispensed through our network of retail pharmacies are comprised of the contractual cost of drugs dispensed by, and professional fees paid to, retail pharmacies in the networks, including the associated member co-payments. Our cost of product net revenues relating to drugs dispensed by our mail-order pharmacies consists primarily of the cost of inventory dispensed and our costs incurred to process and dispense the prescriptions, including the associated fixed asset depreciation. The operating costs of our call center pharmacies are also included in cost of product net revenues. In addition, cost of product net revenues includes a credit for rebates earned from brand-name pharmaceutical manufacturers whose drugs are included in our formularies. These rebates generally take the form of formulary rebates, which are earned based on the volume of a specific drug dispensed, or market share rebates, which are earned based on the achievement of contractually specified market share levels.
Our cost of product net revenues also includes the cost of drugs dispensed by our mail-order pharmacies or retail network for members covered under our Medicare Part D PDP product offerings and are recorded at cost as incurred. We receive a catastrophic reinsurance subsidy from CMS for approximately 80% of costs incurred by individual members in excess of the individual annual out-of-pocket maximum of $4,350 for coverage year 2009 and $4,050 for coverage year 2008. The subsidy is reflected as an offsetting credit in cost of product net revenues to the extent that catastrophic costs are incurred. Catastrophic reinsurance subsidy amounts received in advance are deferred and recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. If there are catastrophic reinsurance subsidies due from CMS, the amount is accrued and recorded in client accounts receivable, net, on the consolidated balance sheets. After the end of the contract year and based on actual annual drug costs incurred, catastrophic reinsurance amounts are reconciled with CMS and the corresponding receivable or payable is settled. Cost of service revenues consist principally of labor and operating costs for delivery of services provided, as well as costs associated with member communication materials.
SG&A expenses reflect the costs of operations dedicated to executive management, the generation of new sales, maintenance of existing client relationships, management of clinical programs, enhancement of technology capabilities, direction of pharmacy operations, and performance of reimbursement activities, in addition to finance, legal and other staff activities, and the effect of certain legal settlements. SG&A also includes direct response advertising expenses associated with PolyMedica, which are expensed as incurred.
Interest expense is incurred on our senior unsecured bank credit facilities, accounts receivable financing facility, and senior notes, and includes net interest on our interest rate swap agreements on $200 million of the $500 million of 7.25% senior notes due in 2013. In addition, it includes amortization of the effective portion of our settled forward-starting interest rate swap agreements and amortization of debt issuance costs.
Interest (income) and other (income) expense, net, includes interest income generated by cash and cash equivalent investments, as well as short-term and long-term investments in marketable securities. In addition, it includes a loss on the ineffective portion of the settled forward-starting interest rate swap agreements recorded in the first quarter of 2008.
For further details, see our critical accounting policies included in “—Use of Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” and Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2008.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Our primary assets include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, manufacturer accounts receivable, client accounts receivable, inventories, fixed assets, deferred tax assets, goodwill and intangible assets. Cash and cash equivalents reflect the accumulation of net positive cash flows from our operations, investing and financing activities, and primarily include time deposits with banks or other financial institutions, and money market mutual funds. Our short-term investments include U.S. government securities that have average maturities of less than one year and that are held to satisfy statutory capital requirements for our insurance subsidiaries.
Manufacturer accounts receivable balances primarily include amounts due from brand-name pharmaceutical manufacturers for earned rebates and other prescription services. Client accounts receivable represent amounts due from clients, other payors and patients for prescriptions dispensed from retail pharmacies in our networks or from our mail-
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order pharmacies, including fees due to us, net of allowances for doubtful accounts, as well as contractual allowances and any applicable rebates and guarantees payable when these payables are settled on a net basis in the form of an invoice credit. In cases where rebates and guarantees are settled with the client on a net basis, and the rebates and guarantees payable are greater than the corresponding client accounts receivable balances, the net liability is reclassified to client rebates and guarantees payable. When these payables are settled in the form of a check or wire, they are recorded on a gross basis and the entire liability is reflected in client rebates and guarantees payable. Our client accounts receivable also includes receivables from CMS for our Medicare Part D PDP product offerings and premiums from members. Additionally, we have receivables from Medicare and Medicaid for a portion of our Specialty Pharmacy business, and diabetes supplies dispensed by PolyMedica.
Inventories reflect the cost of prescription products held for dispensing by our mail-order pharmacies and are recorded on a first-in, first-out basis, net of allowances for losses. Deferred tax assets primarily represent temporary differences between the financial statement basis and the tax basis of certain accrued expenses, stock-based compensation, and client rebate pass-back liabilities. Income taxes receivable represents amounts due from the IRS and state and local taxing authorities associated primarily with the approval of a favorable accounting method change received from the IRS in 2006 for the timing of the deductibility of certain rebates passed back to clients. Fixed assets include investments in our corporate headquarters, mail-order pharmacies, call center pharmacies, account service offices, and information technology, including capitalized software development. Goodwill and intangible assets are comprised primarily of the push-down of goodwill and intangibles from our acquisition by Merck & Co., Inc. in 1993, goodwill and intangibles recorded upon our acquisition in 2007 of PolyMedica, and, for the Specialty Pharmacy segment, goodwill and intangible assets recorded primarily from our acquisition of Accredo Health Incorporated (“Accredo”) in 2005 and Critical Care Systems, Inc. (“Critical Care”) in 2007.
Our primary liabilities include claims and other accounts payable, client rebates and guarantees payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, debt and deferred tax liabilities. Claims and other accounts payable primarily consist of amounts payable to retail network pharmacies for prescriptions dispensed and services rendered by the retail pharmacies, as well as amounts payable for mail-order prescription inventory purchases and other purchases made in the normal course of business. Client rebates and guarantees payable include amounts due to clients that will ultimately be settled in the form of a check or wire, as well as any residual liability in cases where the payable is settled as an invoice credit and exceeds the corresponding client accounts receivable balances. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities primarily consist of employee- and facility-related cost accruals incurred in the normal course of business, as well as income taxes payable. Accrued expenses and other current liabilities are also comprised of certain premiums, and may also include cost share, and catastrophic reinsurance payments received in advance from CMS for our Medicare Part D PDP product offerings. Our debt is primarily comprised of a senior unsecured term loan facility, a senior unsecured revolving credit facility, senior notes and an accounts receivable financing facility. In addition, we have a net deferred tax liability primarily associated with our recorded intangible assets. We do not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements, other than purchase commitments and lease obligations. See “—Commitments and Contractual Obligations” below.
Our stockholders’ equity includes an offset for purchases of our common stock under our share repurchase program. The accumulated other comprehensive income component of stockholders’ equity includes: unrealized investment gains and losses, foreign currency translation adjustments resulting from the translation of Europa Apotheek’s assets and liabilities and results of operations, unrealized gains and losses on effective cash flow hedges, and the net gains and losses and prior service costs and credits related to our pension and other postretirement benefit plans.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
An important element of our operating cash flows is the timing of billing cycles, which are generally two-week periods of accumulated billings for retail and mail-order prescriptions. We bill the cycle activity to clients on this bi-weekly schedule and generally collect from our clients before we pay our obligations to the retail pharmacies for that same cycle. At the end of any given reporting period, unbilled PBM receivables can represent up to two weeks of dispensing activity and will fluctuate at the end of a fiscal month depending on the timing of these billing cycles. A portion of the Specialty Pharmacy business includes reimbursement by payors, such as insurance companies, under a medical benefit, or by Medicare or Medicaid. These transactions also involve higher patient co-payments than
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experienced in the PBM business. As a result, this portion of the Specialty Pharmacy business, which yields a higher margin than the PBM business, experiences slower accounts receivable turnover than in the aforementioned PBM cycle and has a different credit risk profile. Our operating cash flows are also impacted by timing associated with our Medicare Part D PDP product offerings, including premiums, cost share, and catastrophic reinsurance received from CMS. In addition, our operating cash flows include tax benefits for employee stock plans up to the amount associated with compensation expense.
Ongoing operating cash flows are associated with expenditures to support our mail-order, retail pharmacy network operations, call center pharmacies and other SG&A functions. The largest components of these expenditures include mail-order inventory purchases, which are paid in accordance with payment terms offered by our suppliers to take advantage of appropriate discounts, payments to retail pharmacies, rebate and guarantee payments to clients, employee payroll and benefits, facility operating expenses and income taxes. In addition, earned brand-name pharmaceutical manufacturers’ rebates are recorded monthly based upon prescription dispensing, with actual bills rendered on a quarterly basis and paid by the manufacturers within an agreed-upon term. Payments of rebates to clients are generally made after our receipt of the rebates from the brand-name pharmaceutical manufacturers, although some clients may receive more accelerated rebate payments in exchange for other elements of pricing in their contracts.
Ongoing investing cash flows are primarily associated with capital expenditures including technology investments, as well as purchases and proceeds from securities and other investments, which relate to investment activities of our insurance companies. Acquisitions will also generally result in cash outflows from investing activities. Our financing cash flows primarily include share repurchases, proceeds from debt, interest and principal payments on our outstanding debt, proceeds from employee stock plans, and the benefits of realized tax deductions in excess of tax benefits on compensation expense.
Clients
We have clients in a broad range of industry categories, including various Blue Cross/Blue Shield plans; managed care organizations; insurance carriers; third-party benefit plan administrators; employers; federal, state and local government agencies; and union-sponsored benefit plans. For the third quarter and nine months of 2009, our ten largest clients based on revenue accounted for approximately 49% of our net revenues, including UnitedHealth Group Incorporated (“UnitedHealth Group”), our largest client, which represented approximately $2,800 million and $8,400 million, or 19%, of our net revenues, respectively. For the third quarter and nine months of 2008, our ten largest clients based on revenue accounted for approximately 45% of our net revenues, including UnitedHealth Group, which represented approximately $2,700 million and $8,200 million, or 21%, of our net revenues. The UnitedHealth Group account has a lower than average mail-order penetration and, because of its size, steeper pricing than the average client, and consequently generally yields lower profitability as a percentage of net revenues than smaller client accounts. In addition, with respect to mail-order volume, which is an important contributor to our overall profitability, the mail-order volume associated with this account represented less than 10% of our overall mail-order volume for the third quarters and nine months of 2009 and 2008. Under our current agreement with UnitedHealth Group, we are providing pharmacy benefit services through December 31, 2012. None of our other clients individually represented more than 10% of our net revenues in the third quarters and nine months of 2009 or 2008.
Segment Discussion
We have two reportable segments, PBM and Specialty Pharmacy. The PBM segment involves sales of traditional prescription drugs and supplies to our clients and members, either through our network of contractually affiliated retail pharmacies or our mail-order pharmacies. The PBM segment also includes the operating results of PolyMedica, a provider of diabetes testing supplies and related products, as well as majority-owned Europa Apotheek, which provides mail-order pharmacy and clinical healthcare services in Germany and the Netherlands, commencing on the April 28, 2008 acquisition date. The Specialty Pharmacy segment, which was formed at the time of the Accredo acquisition in 2005, includes the sale of higher-margin specialty pharmacy products and services for the treatment of chronic and complex (potentially life-threatening) diseases. The Specialty Pharmacy segment also includes the operating results of Critical Care, a provider of specialty infusion services.
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We define the Specialty Pharmacy segment based on a product set and associated services, broadly characterized to include drugs that are high-cost, usually developed by biotechnology companies and often injectable or infusible, and which require elevated levels of patient support. When dispensed, these products frequently require ancillary administration equipment, special packaging, and a higher degree of patient-oriented customer service than is required in the traditional PBM business model, including in-home nursing services and administration. In addition, specialty pharmacy products and services are often covered through medical benefit programs with the primary payors being insurance companies and government programs. Additionally, payors include patients, as well as PBM clients.
The PBM segment is measured and managed on an integrated basis, and there is no distinct measurement that separates the performance and profitability of mail order and retail. We offer fully integrated PBM services to virtually all of our PBM clients and their members. The PBM services we provide to our clients are generally delivered and managed under a single contract for each client. The PBM and Specialty Pharmacy segments primarily operate in the United States and have limited activity in Puerto Rico, Germany and the Netherlands.
As a result of the nature of our integrated PBM services and contracts, the chief operating decision maker views Medco’s PBM operations as a single segment for purposes of making decisions about resource allocations and in assessing performance.
Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table presents selected consolidated comparative results of operations and volume performance ($ and volumes in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Quarter | | | | | | | | | | Quarter | | Nine Months | | | | | | | | | | Nine Months |
| | Ended | | | | | | | | | | Ended | | Ended | | | | | | | | | | Ended |
| | September 26, | | | | | | | | | | September 27, | | September 26, | | | | | | | | | | September 27, |
| | 2009 | | Variance | | 2008 | | 2009 | | Variance | | 2008(1) |
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Net Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Retail product(2) | | $ | 9,021.7 | | | $ | 2,075.7 | | | | 29.9 | % | | $ | 6,946.0 | | | $ | 27,281.0 | | | $ | 5,762.7 | | | | 26.8 | % | | $ | 21,518.3 | |
Mail-order product | | | 5,569.1 | | | | 124.8 | | | | 2.3 | % | | | 5,444.3 | | | | 16,655.6 | | | | 369.6 | | | | 2.3 | % | | | 16,286.0 | |
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Total product(2) | | $ | 14,590.8 | | | $ | 2,200.5 | | | | 17.8 | % | | $ | 12,390.3 | | | $ | 43,936.6 | | | $ | 6,132.3 | | | | 16.2 | % | | $ | 37,804.3 | |
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Client and other service | | | 165.2 | | | | 38.2 | | | | 30.1 | % | | | 127.0 | | | | 506.2 | | | | 145.9 | | | | 40.5 | % | | | 360.3 | |
Manufacturer service | | | 38.8 | | | | (3.0 | ) | | | (7.2 | %) | | | 41.8 | | | | 116.3 | | | | (15.7 | ) | | | (11.9 | %) | | | 132.0 | |
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Total service | | $ | 204.0 | | | $ | 35.2 | | | | 20.9 | % | | $ | 168.8 | | | $ | 622.5 | | | $ | 130.2 | | | | 26.4 | % | | $ | 492.3 | |
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Total net revenues(2) | | $ | 14,794.8 | | | $ | 2,235.7 | | | | 17.8 | % | | $ | 12,559.1 | | | $ | 44,559.1 | | | $ | 6,262.5 | | | | 16.4 | % | | $ | 38,296.6 | |
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Cost of Revenues | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Product(2) | | $ | 13,696.5 | | | $ | 2,115.8 | | | | 18.3 | % | | $ | 11,580.7 | | | $ | 41,384.7 | | | $ | 5,993.2 | | | | 16.9 | % | | $ | 35,391.5 | |
Service | | | 58.3 | | | | 4.7 | | | | 8.8 | % | | | 53.6 | | | | 174.6 | | | | 27.9 | | | | 19.0 | % | | | 146.7 | |
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Total cost of revenues(2) | | $ | 13,754.8 | | | $ | 2,120.5 | | | | 18.2 | % | | $ | 11,634.3 | | | $ | 41,559.3 | | | $ | 6,021.1 | | | | 16.9 | % | | $ | 35,538.2 | |
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Gross Margin(3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Product | | $ | 894.3 | | | $ | 84.7 | | | | 10.5 | % | | $ | 809.6 | | | $ | 2,551.9 | | | $ | 139.1 | | | | 5.8 | % | | $ | 2,412.8 | |
Product gross margin percentage | | | 6.1 | % | | | (0.4 | %) | | | | | | | 6.5 | % | | | 5.8 | % | | | (0.6 | %) | | | | | | | 6.4 | % |
Service | | $ | 145.7 | | | $ | 30.5 | | | | 26.5 | % | | $ | 115.2 | | | $ | 447.9 | | | $ | 102.3 | | | | 29.6 | % | | $ | 345.6 | |
Service gross margin percentage | | | 71.4 | % | | | 3.2 | % | | | | | | | 68.2 | % | | | 72.0 | % | | | 1.8 | % | | | | | | | 70.2 | % |
Total gross margin | | $ | 1,040.0 | | | $ | 115.2 | | | | 12.5 | % | | $ | 924.8 | | | $ | 2,999.8 | | | $ | 241.4 | | | | 8.8 | % | | $ | 2,758.4 | |
Gross margin percentage | | | 7.0 | % | | | (0.4 | %) | | | | | | | 7.4 | % | | | 6.7 | % | | | (0.5 | %) | | | | | | | 7.2 | % |
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Volume Information | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Retail prescriptions | | | 144.3 | | | | 29.2 | | | | 25.4 | % | | | 115.1 | | | | 441.3 | | | | 79.5 | | | | 22.0 | % | | | 361.8 | |
Mail-order prescriptions | | | 25.5 | | | | (0.6 | ) | | | (2.3 | %) | | | 26.1 | | | | 77.1 | | | | (2.0 | ) | | | (2.5 | %) | | | 79.1 | |
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Total prescriptions | | | 169.8 | | | | 28.6 | | | | 20.3 | % | | | 141.2 | | | | 518.4 | | | | 77.5 | | | | 17.6 | % | | | 440.9 | |
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Adjusted prescriptions(4) | | | 220.2 | | | | 27.2 | | | | 14.1 | % | | | 193.0 | | | | 671.3 | | | | 73.5 | | | | 12.3 | % | | | 597.8 | |
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Adjusted mail-order penetration(5) | | | 34.5 | % | | | (5.9 | %) | | | | | | | 40.4 | % | | | 34.3 | % | | | (5.2 | %) | | | | | | | 39.5 | % |
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Other volume(6) | | | 1.8 | | | | 0.2 | | | | 12.5 | % | | | 1.6 | | | | 5.2 | | | | 0.9 | | | | 20.9 | % | | | 4.3 | |
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Generic Dispensing Rate Information | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Retail generic dispensing rate | | | 69.4 | % | | | 3.0 | % | | | | | | | 66.4 | % | | | 69.0 | % | | | 3.3 | % | | | | | | | 65.7 | % |
Mail-order generic dispensing rate | | | 58.1 | % | | | 2.3 | % | | | | | | | 55.8 | % | | | 57.7 | % | | | 3.0 | % | | | | | | | 54.7 | % |
Overall generic dispensing rate | | | 67.7 | % | | | 3.3 | % | | | | | | | 64.4 | % | | | 67.3 | % | | | 3.5 | % | | | | | | | 63.8 | % |
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(1) | | Includes majority-owned Europa Apotheek’s operating results commencing on the April 28, 2008 acquisition date. |
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(2) | | Includes retail co-payments of $2,115 million and $1,828 million for the third quarters of 2009 and 2008, and $6,487 million and $5,830 million for the nine months of 2009 and 2008. |
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(3) | | Defined as net revenues minus cost of revenues. |
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(4) | | Adjusted prescription volume equals substantially all mail-order prescriptions multiplied by three, plus retail prescriptions. These mail-order prescriptions are multiplied by three to adjust for the fact that they include approximately three times the amount of product days supplied compared with retail prescriptions. |
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(5) | | The percentage of adjusted mail-order prescriptions to total adjusted prescriptions. |
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(6) | | Represents over-the-counter drugs, as well as diabetes supplies primarily dispensed by PolyMedica. |
Net Revenues
Retail.The increases in retail net revenues of $2,076 million for the third quarter and $5,763 million for the nine months of 2009 reflect net volume increases of $1,771 million and $4,726 million, respectively, primarily from new business, partially offset by client terminations. Also contributing to the higher retail net revenues are net price increases of $305 million for the third quarter and $1,037 million for the nine months of 2009 driven by product price inflation primarily on brand-name drugs, partially offset by higher client price discounts. The aforementioned net price variances include the offsetting effect of approximately $375 million for the third quarter and $1,200 million for the nine months of 2009 from a greater representation of lower-priced generic drugs in 2009.
Mail-Order.The increases in mail-order net revenues of $125 million for the third quarter and $370 million for the nine months of 2009 reflect net price increases of $238 million and $759 million, respectively, driven by product price inflation primarily on brand-name drugs, partially offset by higher client price discounts. These increases are partially offset by net volume decreases of $113 million for the third quarter and $389 million for the nine months from lower brand-name volumes, and are net of new business and incremental volume for the nine months from the Europa Apotheek majority-stake acquisition. The aforementioned net price variances include the offsetting effect of approximately $185 million for the third quarter and $630 million for the nine months of 2009 from a greater representation of lower-priced generic drugs in 2009.
Our overall generic dispensing rate increased to 67.7% for the third quarter and 67.3% for the nine months of 2009, compared to 64.4% for the third quarter and 63.8% for the nine months of 2008. Mail-order and retail generic dispensing rates increased to 58.1% and 69.4%, respectively, for the third quarter of 2009, compared to 55.8% and 66.4%, respectively, for the third quarter of 2008. For the nine months of 2009, mail-order and retail generic dispensing rates increased to 57.7% and 69.0%, respectively, compared to 54.7% and 65.7% for 2008, respectively. These increases reflect the impact of the introduction of new generic products during these periods and the effect of programs and client plan design changes promoting the use of lower-priced and more steeply discounted generics.
Service revenues increased $35.2 million in the third quarter and $130.2 million in the nine months of 2009 as a result of higher client and other service revenues of $38.2 million and $145.9 million, respectively, partially offset by lower manufacturer service revenues of $3.0 million and $15.7 million, respectively. The higher client and other service revenues primarily reflect higher claims processing administrative fees associated with the increased retail volume, and higher revenue associated with Medicare Part D-related product offerings. The lower manufacturer service revenues reflect reduced administrative fees from manufacturer contract revisions.
Gross Margin
Our product gross margin percentage was 6.1% for the third quarter and 5.8% for the nine months of 2009, compared to 6.5% for the third quarter and 6.4% for the nine months of 2008, primarily reflecting higher retail volumes and overall higher retail mix in our prescription base. In addition, the product gross margin percentage was favorably impacted by increased generic dispensing rates and retail pharmacy reimbursement rates, partially offset by higher client price discounts associated with new clients and renewals of existing clients, and lower rebate retention.
Rebates from brand-name pharmaceutical manufacturers, which are reflected as a reduction in cost of product net revenues, total $1,353 million for the third quarter of 2009 and $1,125 million for the third quarter of 2008, with
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formulary rebates representing 81.8% and 55.8% of total rebates, respectively. Rebates total $3,990 million for the nine months of 2009 and $3,240 million for the nine months of 2008, with formulary rebates representing 77.3% and 53.1% of total rebates, respectively. The overall increases in rebates reflect volume from new 2009 clients and favorable pharmaceutical manufacturer rebate contract revisions, as well as improved formulary management and patient compliance, partially offset by lower rebates as a result of brand-name drug volumes that have converted to generic drugs. The increases in formulary rebate percentages of total rebates reflect the higher retail volumes generated from new business. We retained approximately $191 million, or 14.1%, of total rebates in the third quarter of 2009, and $205 million, or 18.2%, in the third quarter of 2008. For the nine months, we retained approximately $538 million, or 13.5%, of total rebates in 2009, and $614 million, or 19.0%, in 2008. The decreases in the retained rebate percentages are reflective of client mix and the associated client preferences regarding the rebate sharing aspects of their overall contract pricing structure.
Service gross margin of $145.7 million for the third quarter and $447.9 million for the nine months of 2009 increased $30.5 million and $102.3 million, respectively, reflecting the aforementioned increase in service revenues of $35.2 million for the third quarter and $130.2 million for the nine months, partially offset by increases in cost of service revenues of $4.7 million for the third quarter and $27.9 million for the nine months. The cost of service revenue increases reflect higher labor and other costs associated with Medicare Part D and other client programs, as well as data license expenses for the nine months of 2009.
The following table presents additional selected consolidated comparative results of operations ($ in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Quarter | | | | | | | | | | Quarter | | Nine Months | | | | | | | | | | Nine Months |
| | Ended | | | | | | | | | | Ended | | Ended | | | | | | | | | | Ended |
| | September 26, | | | | | | | | | | September 27, | | September 26, | | | | | | | | | | September 27, |
| | 2009 | | Variance | | 2008 | | 2009 | | Variance | | 2008(1) |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross margin(2) | | $ | 1,040.0 | | | $ | 115.2 | | | | 12.5 | % | | $ | 924.8 | | | $ | 2,999.8 | | | $ | 241.4 | | | | 8.8 | % | | $ | 2,758.4 | |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | | | 369.0 | | | | 21.8 | | | | 6.3 | % | | | 347.2 | | | | 1,080.0 | | | | 36.0 | | | | 3.4 | % | | | 1,044.0 | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 78.4 | | | | 7.3 | | | | 10.3 | % | | | 71.1 | | | | 230.1 | | | | 18.9 | | | | 8.9 | % | | | 211.2 | |
Interest expense | | | 43.3 | | | | (18.2 | ) | | | (29.6 | %) | | | 61.5 | | | | 131.8 | | | | (41.8 | ) | | | (24.1 | %) | | | 173.6 | |
Interest (income) and other (income) expense, net | | | (3.4 | ) | | | (0.1 | ) | | | 3.0 | % | | | (3.3 | ) | | | (9.1 | ) | | | (5.4 | ) | | | N/M | * | | | (3.7 | ) |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before provision for income taxes | | | 552.7 | | | | 104.4 | | | | 23.3 | % | | | 448.3 | | | | 1,567.0 | | | | 233.7 | | | | 17.5 | % | | | 1,333.3 | |
Provision for income taxes | | | 217.1 | | | | 64.5 | | | | 42.3 | % | | | 152.6 | | | | 628.3 | | | | 123.6 | | | | 24.5 | % | | | 504.7 | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 335.6 | | | $ | 39.9 | | | | 13.5 | % | | $ | 295.7 | | | $ | 938.7 | | | $ | 110.1 | | | | 13.3 | % | | $ | 828.6 | |
| | |
| | |
* | | Not meaningful. |
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(1) | | Includes majority-owned Europa Apotheek’s operating results commencing on the April 28, 2008 acquisition date. |
|
(2) | | Defined as net revenues minus cost of revenues. |
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
SG&A expenses for the third quarter of 2009 were $369.0 million and increased from the third quarter of 2008 by $21.8 million, or 6.3%. For the nine months of 2009, SG&A expenses were $1,080.0 million and increased by $36.0 million, or 3.4%, from the nine months of 2008. These increases primarily reflect higher performance-related and stock-based compensation expenses, as well as higher depreciation expense associated with investments across the business. Also contributing to the increase for the nine months is the addition of Europa Apotheek SG&A expenses, partially offset by miscellaneous expense decreases including litigation reserves.
Amortization of Intangibles
Amortization of intangible assets of $78.4 million for the third quarter and $230.1 million for the nine months of 2009 increased $7.3 million and $18.9 million, respectively, from the third quarter and nine months of 2008, reflecting additional intangible amortization from PolyMedica associated with the Liberty trade name and patient list acquisitions. In
27
addition for the nine months, there was increased intangible amortization as a result of the April 28, 2008 acquisition of a majority interest in Europa Apotheek.
Interest Expense
Interest expense of $43.3 million for the third quarter and $131.8 million for the nine months of 2009 decreased $18.2 million and $41.8 million, respectively, from the third quarter and nine months of 2008, primarily reflecting lower interest rates on the floating rate components of outstanding debt. Additionally, during the third quarter, there was a $400 million repayment on the accounts receivable financing facility.
The weighted average interest rate on our indebtedness was approximately 3.7% for both the third quarter and nine months of 2009, compared to 5.0% for the third quarter and 5.1% for the nine months of 2008, and reflects variability in floating interest rates on the senior unsecured bank credit facilities, swap agreements and the accounts receivable financing facility.
Interest (Income) and Other (Income) Expense, Net
Interest (income) and other (income) expense, net, of ($3.4) million for the third quarter of 2009 was in line with the ($3.3) million for the third quarter of 2008. Interest (income) and other (income) expense, net, of ($9.1) million for the nine months of 2009 increased $5.4 million from ($3.7) million in the nine months of 2008, primarily attributable to a first-quarter 2008 charge for the ineffective portion of the forward-starting interest rate swap agreements associated with our March 2008 issuance of senior notes, which is described further below under “ — Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Facilities—Swap Agreements.” This is partially offset by decreased interest income reflecting lower interest rates on higher cash balances.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate (defined as the percentage relationship of provision for income taxes to income before provision for income taxes) was 39.3% for the third quarter and 40.1% for the nine months of 2009, compared to 34.0% for the third quarter and 37.9% for the nine months of 2008. The lower effective tax rate in 2008 reflects a third-quarter 2008 nonrecurring state income tax benefit of $28 million primarily resulting from statute of limitations expirations in certain states, partially offset by state tax law changes.
Net Income and Earnings per Share
Net income as a percentage of net revenues was 2.3% for the third quarter and 2.1% for the nine months of 2009, compared to 2.4% for the third quarter and 2.2% for the nine months of 2008. The associated trending results from the aforementioned factors.
Diluted earnings per share increased 19.0% to $0.69 in the third quarter of 2009, from $0.58 in the third quarter of 2008. For the nine months, diluted earnings per share increased 20.9% to $1.91 in 2009, from $1.58 in 2008. The diluted weighted average shares outstanding were 484.7 million for the third quarter and 491.0 million for the nine months of 2009, compared to 513.4 million for the third quarter and 523.0 million for the nine months of 2008, representing decreases of 5.6% and 6.1%, respectively. The decreases result from the repurchase of approximately 182.6 million shares of stock in connection with our share repurchase programs since inception in 2005 through the third quarter of 2009, compared to an equivalent amount of 153.2 million shares repurchased inception-to-date through the end of the third quarter of 2008. We did not repurchase shares of stock in the third quarter of 2009, and repurchased approximately 8.3 million shares in the third quarter of 2008. We repurchased approximately 23.6 million and 41.8 million shares in the nine months of 2009 and 2008, respectively.
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Segment Results of Operations
PBM Segment
The PBM segment involves sales of traditional prescription drugs and supplies to our clients and members, either through our network of contractually affiliated retail pharmacies or our mail-order pharmacies. The following table presents selected PBM segment comparative results of operations ($ in millions):
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| | Quarter | | | | | | | | | | Quarter | | Nine Months | | | | | | | | | | Nine Months |
| | Ended | | | | | | | | | | Ended | | Ended | | | | | | | | | | Ended |
| | September 26, | | | | | | | | | | September 27, | | September 26, | | | | | | | | | | September 27, |
| | 2009 | | Variance | | | | | | 2008 | | 2009 | | Variance | | | | | | 2008(1) |
| | |
Product net revenues | | $ | 12,213.4 | | | $ | 1,820.0 | | | | 17.5 | % | | $ | 10,393.4 | | | $ | 36,933.7 | | | $ | 4,961.3 | | | | 15.5 | % | | $ | 31,972.4 | |
Service revenues | | | 180.8 | | | | 29.8 | | | | 19.7 | % | | | 151.0 | | | | 554.4 | | | | 116.6 | | | | 26.6 | % | | | 437.8 | |
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Total net revenues | | | 12,394.2 | | | | 1,849.8 | | | | 17.5 | % | | | 10,544.4 | | | | 37,488.1 | | | | 5,077.9 | | | | 15.7 | % | | | 32,410.2 | |
Total cost of revenues | | | 11,531.7 | | | | 1,748.9 | | | | 17.9 | % | | | 9,782.8 | | | | 35,019.2 | | | | 4,901.1 | | | | 16.3 | % | | | 30,118.1 | |
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Total gross margin(2) | | $ | 862.5 | | | $ | 100.9 | | | | 13.2 | % | | $ | 761.6 | | | $ | 2,468.9 | | | $ | 176.8 | | | | 7.7 | % | | $ | 2,292.1 | |
Gross margin percentage | | | 7.0 | % | | | (0.2 | %) | | | | | | | 7.2 | % | | | 6.6 | % | | | (0.5 | %) | | | | | | | 7.1 | % |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | | | 298.6 | | | | 25.5 | | | | 0.9 | % | | | 273.1 | | | | 858.7 | | | | 38.1 | | | | 4.6 | % | | | 820.6 | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 64.5 | | | | 4.5 | | | | 7.5 | % | | | 60.0 | | | | 193.5 | | | | 15.7 | | | | 8.8 | % | | | 177.8 | |
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Operating income | | $ | 499.4 | | | $ | 70.9 | | | | 16.5 | % | | $ | 428.5 | | | $ | 1,416.7 | | | $ | 123.0 | | | | 9.5 | % | | $ | 1,293.7 | |
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| | |
(1) | | Includes majority-owned Europa Apotheek’s operating results commencing on the April 28, 2008 acquisition date. |
|
(2) | | Defined as net revenues minus cost of revenues. |
PBM total net revenues of $12,394.2 million for the third quarter and $37,488.1 million for the nine months of 2009 increased $1,849.8 million and $5,077.9 million, respectively, compared to the revenues of $10,544.4 million for the third quarter and $32,410.2 million for the nine months of 2008. The increases primarily reflect higher retail volume driven by new business, as well as product price inflation primarily on brand-name drugs, partially offset by a greater representation of lower-priced generic drugs and higher client price discounts, as well as lower mail-order brand-name volumes.
Gross margins were 7.0% of net revenues for the third quarter and 6.6% for the nine months of 2009, compared to 7.2% for the third quarter and 7.1% for the nine months of 2008, primarily driven by a higher mix of retail prescriptions. In addition, the gross margin percentages were favorably impacted by increased generic dispensing rates and favorable retail pharmacy reimbursement rates, partially offset by higher client price discounts and lower rebate retention, as well as higher bad debt.
SG&A expenses were $298.6 million for the third quarter and $858.7 million for the nine months of 2009, and increased from 2008 by $25.5 million and $38.1 million, respectively. The increases primarily reflect higher performance-related and stock-based compensation expenses, as well as higher depreciation expense associated with investments across the business. Also contributing to the increase for the nine months is the addition of Europa Apotheek SG&A expenses, partially offset by miscellaneous expense decreases including litigation reserves.
Amortization of intangible assets was $64.5 million for the third quarter and $193.5 million for the nine months of 2009, compared to $60.0 million for the third quarter and $177.8 million for the nine months of 2008. The increases reflect additional intangible amortization from PolyMedica associated with the Liberty trade name and patient list acquisitions. In addition for the nine months, there was increased intangible amortization as a result of the April 28, 2008 acquisition of a majority interest in Europa Apotheek.
Operating income of $499.4 million for the third quarter and $1,416.7 million for the nine months of 2009 increased $70.9 million, or 16.5%, and $123.0 million, or 9.5%, from the third quarter and nine months of 2008, respectively. The increases in operating income resulted from the aforementioned factors.
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For additional information on the PBM segment, see Note 9, “Segment Reporting,” to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Specialty Pharmacy Segment
The Specialty Pharmacy segment was formed at the time of the Accredo acquisition in 2005 and includes the sale of higher-margin specialty pharmacy products and services for the treatment of chronic and complex (potentially life-threatening) diseases. The following table presents selected Specialty Pharmacy segment comparative results of operations ($ in millions):
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| | Quarter | | | | | | | | | | Quarter | | Nine Months | | | | | | | | | | Nine Months |
| | Ended | | | | | | | | | | Ended | | Ended | | | | | | | | | | Ended |
| | September 26, | | | | | | | | | | September 27, | | September 26, | | | | | | | | | | September 27, |
| | 2009 | | Variance | | | | | | 2008 | | 2009 | | Variance | | | | | | 2008 |
| | |
Product net revenues | | $ | 2,377.4 | | | $ | 380.5 | | | | 19.1 | % | | $ | 1,996.9 | | | $ | 7,002.9 | | | $ | 1,171.0 | | | | 20.1 | % | | $ | 5,831.9 | |
Service revenues | | | 23.2 | | | | 5.4 | | | | 30.3 | % | | | 17.8 | | | | 68.1 | | | | 13.6 | | | | 25.0 | % | | | 54.5 | |
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Total net revenues | | | 2,400.6 | | | | 385.9 | | | | 19.2 | % | | | 2,014.7 | | | | 7,071.0 | | | | 1,184.6 | | | | 20.1 | % | | | 5,886.4 | |
Total cost of revenues | | | 2,223.1 | | | | 371.6 | | | | 20.1 | % | | | 1,851.5 | | | | 6,540.1 | | | | 1,120.0 | | | | 20.7 | % | | | 5,420.1 | |
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Total gross margin(1) | | $ | 177.5 | | | $ | 14.3 | | | | 8.8 | % | | $ | 163.2 | | | $ | 530.9 | | | $ | 64.6 | | | | 13.9 | % | | $ | 466.3 | |
Gross margin percentage | | | 7.4 | % | | | (0.7 | %) | | | | | | | 8.1 | % | | | 7.5 | % | | | (0.4 | %) | | | | | | | 7.9 | % |
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Selling, general and administrative expenses | | | 70.4 | | | | (3.7 | ) | | | (5.0 | %) | | | 74.1 | | | | 221.3 | | | | (2.1 | ) | | | (0.9 | %) | | | 223.4 | |
Amortization of intangibles | | | 13.9 | | | | 2.8 | | | | 25.2 | % | | | 11.1 | | | | 36.6 | | | | 3.2 | | | | 9.6 | % | | | 33.4 | |
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Operating income | | $ | 93.2 | | | $ | 15.2 | | | | 19.5 | % | | $ | 78.0 | | | $ | 273.0 | | | $ | 63.5 | | | | 30.3 | % | | $ | 209.5 | |
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(1) | | Defined as net revenues minus cost of revenues. |
Specialty Pharmacy total net revenues of $2,400.6 million for the third quarter and $7,071.0 million for the nine months of 2009 increased $385.9 million and $1,184.6 million, respectively, compared to revenues of $2,014.7 million for the third quarter and $5,886.4 million for the nine months of 2008, primarily reflecting new clients.
Gross margins were 7.4% of net revenues for the third quarter and 7.5% for the nine months of 2009, compared to 8.1% for the third quarter and 7.9% for the nine months of 2008, primarily reflecting channel mix from significant new business wins.
SG&A expenses of $70.4 million for the third quarter of 2009 decreased $3.7 million compared to $74.1 million for the third quarter 2008, primarily reflecting lower employee-related costs. SG&A expenses of $221.3 million for the nine months of 2009 decreased $2.1 million compared to $223.4 million for the nine months of 2008, primarily reflecting lower employee-related costs, slightly offset by higher technology-related expenses. Amortization of intangible assets was $13.9 million for the third quarter and $36.6 million for the nine months of 2009, compared to $11.1 million for the third quarter and $33.4 million for the nine months of 2008.
Operating income of $93.2 million for the third quarter and $273.0 million for the nine months of 2009 increased $15.2 million, or 19.5%, and $63.5 million, or 30.3%, from the third quarter and nine months of 2008, respectively. The increases in operating income resulted from the aforementioned factors.
For additional information on the Specialty Pharmacy segment, see Note 9, “Segment Reporting,” to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
30
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash Flows
The following table presents selected data from our unaudited interim condensed consolidated statements of cash flows ($ in millions):
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended | | | | | | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 26, | | | | | | | September 27, | |
| | 2009 | | | Variance | | | 2008(1) | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | $ | 2,543.6 | | | $ | 1,746.4 | | | $ | 797.2 | |
Net cash used by investing activities | | | (217.1 | ) | | | 69.9 | | | | (287.0 | ) |
Net cash used by financing activities | | | (1,244.6 | ) | | | (401.1 | ) | | | (843.5 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 1,081.9 | | | | 1,415.2 | | | | (333.3 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 938.4 | | | | 164.3 | | | | 774.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 2,020.3 | | | $ | 1,579.5 | | | $ | 440.8 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
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(1) | | Includes majority-owned Europa Apotheek’s operating results commencing on the April 28, 2008 acquisition date. |
Operating Activities.Net cash provided by operating activities of $2,543.6 million for the nine months of 2009 reflects net income of $938.7 million, with non-cash adjustments for depreciation and amortization of $365.9 million and stock-based compensation of $109.1 million. In addition, there were net cash inflows of $514.9 million from a decrease in inventories, net, reflecting initiatives to optimize inventory levels. Net cash flows from operating activities for the nine months of 2009 includes net cash inflows of $48.0 million from a decrease in manufacturer accounts receivable, net, due to initiatives to improve working capital management, partially offset by business growth of approximately $300 million. Additionally, there were net cash inflows of $487.9 million from an increase in client rebates and guarantees payable primarily due to increased prescription volume associated with business growth, partially offset by net cash outflows of $110.5 million from a decrease in claims and other accounts payable, primarily due to the timing of payments, and net cash outflows of $69.0 million from client accounts receivable, net. There were also net cash inflows of $267.2 million from a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily due to the timing of a significant prepaid client rebate.
The $1,746.4 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months of 2009 compared to the nine months of 2008 is primarily due to an increase in cash flows of $512.4 million from inventories, net, reflecting initiatives to optimize inventory levels, and an increase in cash flows of $354.8 million from manufacturer accounts receivable, net, reflecting initiatives to improve working capital management. In addition, there were increased cash flows of $541.0 million from claims and other accounts payable reflecting higher retail volumes and business growth and $134.9 million from client accounts receivable, net.
Investing Activities.The net cash used by investing activities of $217.1 million for the nine months of 2009 is primarily attributable to capital expenditures of $154.3 million associated with capitalized software development in connection with client-related programs, technology and pharmacy operations hardware investments, and capital expenditures associated with the construction of our third automated dispensing pharmacy in Whitestown, Indiana. In addition, we had purchases of securities and other investments of $122.4 million, $63.0 million of which represents a diabetes patient list acquired in the first quarter of 2009. These cash outflows were partially offset by proceeds from the sale of securities and other investments of $59.6 million. The $69.9 million decrease in net cash used by investing activities for the nine months of 2009 compared to the nine months of 2008 is primarily due to cash paid of $126.5 million, net of cash acquired, for the acquisition of a majority interest in Europa Apotheek in the second quarter of 2008, partially offset by the $63.0 million diabetes patient list acquisition.
Financing Activities.The net cash used by financing activities of $1,244.6 million for the nine months of 2009 primarily results from $1,007.1 million in share repurchases and $400 million in repayments under our accounts receivable financing facility, partially offset by net proceeds from employee stock plans of $104.8 million. The increase in net cash used by financing activities of $401.1 million for the nine months of 2009 compared to the nine months of 2008 primarily results from lower net proceeds from debt of $1,474.0 million, partially offset by lower share repurchases
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of $949.2 million, higher net proceeds from employee stock plans of $60.3 million and $45.4 million recorded in the first quarter of 2008 for the settlement of a cash flow hedge that we entered into in December 2007 described under “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Facilities—Swap Agreements” below.
On March 18, 2008, we completed an underwritten public offering of $300 million aggregate principal amount of 5-year senior notes at a price to the public of 99.425 percent of par value, and $1.2 billion aggregate principal amount of 10-year senior notes at a price to the public of 98.956 percent. The 5-year senior notes bear interest at a rate of 6.125% per annum, with an effective interest rate of 6.261%, and mature on March 15, 2013. The 10-year senior notes bear interest at a rate of 7.125% per annum, with an effective interest rate of 7.274%, and mature on March 15, 2018. Medco may redeem all or part of these notes at any time or from time to time at its option at a redemption price equal to the greater of (i) 100% of the principal amount of the notes being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date or (ii) a “make-whole” amount based on the yield of a comparable U.S. Treasury security plus 50 basis points. We pay interest on both series of senior notes semi-annually on March 15 and September 15 of each year. We used the net proceeds from the sale of these senior notes to repay borrowings under our revolving credit facility used to fund the acquisitions of PolyMedica and Critical Care in 2007.
Total cash and short-term investments as of September 26, 2009 were $2,067.9 million, including $2,020.3 million in cash and cash equivalents. Total cash and short-term investments as of December 27, 2008 were $1,002.4 million, including $938.4 million in cash and cash equivalents. The increase of $1,065.5 million in cash and short-term investments through the third quarter of 2009 primarily reflects the aforementioned components impacting increased cash flows from operations, partially offset by the use of cash associated with share repurchase activity.
Looking Forward
We believe that our current liquidity and prospects for increasing our cash flows from operations by improved working capital management assist in limiting the effects on our business from the weaker economy. At the end of the third-quarter 2009, we had additional committed borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility of approximately $1 billion and have no required long-term debt payments until 2012. Additionally, we have additional borrowing capacity of $400 million from our 364-day accounts receivable financing facility, which is renewable annually at the option of both Medco and the banks and was renewed on July 27, 2009. In the first nine months of 2009, we experienced strong cash flow from operations and anticipate that the full year of 2009 will reflect additional increases in cash flow from operations resulting from factors such as our financial performance and the optimization of invested capital including enhanced inventory and manufacturer receivables management.
Our September 26, 2009 cash balance increased to $2,020.3 million from $938.4 million at December 27, 2008 and we intend to maintain our cash balances. Since 2005, we have executed share repurchases of 182.6 million shares at a cost of $6.7 billion through our share repurchase programs. We currently have a $3 billion share repurchase plan, which expires in November 2010, with $1.8 billion remaining as of September 26, 2009. From time to time, we may make additional share repurchases, which we intend to fund with our free cash flow (cash flow from operations less capital expenditures). For our cash on hand, any investments we make are within approved investing guidelines and we continue to monitor ongoing events and make investment decisions accordingly.
We anticipate that our 2009 capital expenditures, for items such as capitalized software development for strategic initiatives, infrastructure enhancements, and the completion of our third automated dispensing pharmacy in Whitestown, Indiana, will be approximately $235 million. We expect that capital expenditures will be funded by our cash flows from operations.
We have clients in various industries, including the automobile manufacturer industry and the financial industry, as well as governmental agencies. We actively monitor the status of our accounts receivable and have mechanisms in place to minimize the potential for incurring material accounts receivable credit risk. To date, we have not experienced any significant deterioration in our client or manufacturer accounts receivables.
We have no plans to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
32
Financing Facilities
Five-Year Credit Facilities
We have senior unsecured bank credit facilities consisting of a $1 billion, 5-year senior unsecured term loan and a $2 billion, 5-year senior unsecured revolving credit facility. The term loan matures on April 30, 2012, at which time the entire facility is required to be repaid. If there are pre-payments on the term loan prior to the maturity date, that portion of the loan would be extinguished. At our current debt ratings, the credit facilities bear interest at London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a 0.45 percent margin, with a 10 basis point commitment fee due on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility.
The outstanding balance under the revolving credit facility was $1.0 billion as of September 26, 2009 and December 27, 2008. There was no activity under the revolving credit facility during the first nine months of 2009. As of September 26, 2009, we had $993 million available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility, after giving effect to prior net draw-downs of $1 billion and $7 million in issued letters of credit. As of December 27, 2008, we had $987 million available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility, after giving effect to prior net draw-downs of $1 billion and $13 million in issued letters of credit. The revolving credit facility is available through April 30, 2012.
Accounts Receivable Financing Facility
Through a wholly-owned subsidiary, we have a $600 million, 364-day renewable accounts receivable financing facility that is collateralized by our pharmaceutical manufacturer rebate accounts receivable. During the third quarter of 2009, we repaid $400 million of the outstanding balance. At September 26, 2009, there was $200 million outstanding with $400 million available for borrowing under the facility. At December 27, 2008, there was $600 million outstanding with no additional amounts available for borrowing under the facility. We pay interest on amounts borrowed under the agreement based on the funding rates of the bank-related commercial paper programs that provide the financing, plus an applicable margin determined by our credit rating. This facility is renewable annually at the option of both Medco and the banks and was renewed on July 27, 2009.
Interest Rates
The weighted average interest rate on our indebtedness was approximately 3.7% for both the third quarter and nine months of 2009, and 5.0% and 5.1% for the third quarter and nine months of 2008, respectively. Several factors could change the weighted average interest rate, including but not limited to a change in our debt ratings, reference rates used under our bank credit facility, swap agreements and the mix of our debt.
Swap Agreements
On December 12, 2007, we entered into forward-starting interest rate swap agreements in contemplation of the issuance of long-term fixed-rate financing. We entered into these cash flow hedges to manage our exposure to changes in benchmark interest rates and to mitigate the impact of fluctuations in the interest rates prior to the issuance of the long-term financing. The cash flow hedges entered into were for a notional amount of $500 million on the then-current 10-year treasury interest rate, and for a notional amount of $250 million on the then-current 30-year treasury interest rate, both with a settlement date of March 31, 2008. At the time of purchase, the cash flow hedges were anticipated to be effective in offsetting the changes in the expected future interest rate payments on the proposed debt offering attributable to fluctuations in the treasury benchmark interest rate.
In connection with the issuance of the 5-year senior notes and 10-year senior notes described above, a portion of the $250 million notional amount 30-year treasury interest rate cash flow hedge was deemed an ineffective hedge. The cash flow hedges were settled on March 17, 2008 for $45.4 million and included the ineffective portion that was recorded as an increase of $9.8 million to interest (income) and other (income) expense, net, for the nine months ended September 27, 2008. The effective portion was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and is reclassified to interest expense over the ten-year period in which we hedged our exposure to variability in future cash flows. The unamortized
33
effective portion reflected in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of September 26, 2009 and December 27, 2008 was $18.3 million and $20.0 million, net of tax, respectively.
In 2004, we entered into five interest rate swap agreements on $200 million of the $500 million in 7.25% senior notes due in 2013. These swap agreements were entered into as an effective hedge to (i) convert a portion of the senior note fixed rate debt into floating rate debt; (ii) maintain a capital structure containing appropriate amounts of fixed and floating rate debt; and (iii) lower the interest expense on these notes in the near term. The fair value of our obligation under our interest rate swap agreements, represented a net receivable of $13.5 million and $18.4 million as of September 26, 2009 and December 27, 2008, respectively, which are reported in other noncurrent assets, with offsetting amounts recorded in long-term debt, net. We do not expect our cash flows to be affected to any significant degree by a sudden change in market interest rates.
Covenants
All of the senior notes discussed above are subject to customary affirmative and negative covenants, including limitations on sale/leaseback transactions; limitations on liens; limitations on mergers and similar transactions; and a covenant with respect to certain change of control triggering events. The 6.125% senior notes and the 7.125% senior notes are also subject to an interest rate adjustment in the event of a downgrade in the ratings to below investment grade. In addition, the senior unsecured bank credit facilities and the accounts receivable financing facility are subject to covenants, including, among other items, maximum leverage ratios. We were in compliance with all covenants at September 26, 2009 and December 27, 2008.
Debt Ratings
Medco’s debt ratings, all of which represent investment grade, reflect the following as of the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q: Moody’s Investors Service, Baa3; Standard & Poor’s, BBB; Fitch Ratings, BBB.
EBITDA
We calculate and use EBITDA and EBITDA per adjusted prescription as indicators of our ability to generate cash from our reported operating results. These measurements are used in concert with net income and cash flows from operations, which measure actual cash generated in the period. In addition, we believe that EBITDA and EBITDA per adjusted prescription are supplemental measurement tools used by analysts and investors to help evaluate overall operating performance and the ability to incur and service debt and make capital expenditures. EBITDA does not represent funds available for our discretionary use and is not intended to represent or to be used as a substitute for net income or cash flows from operations data as measured under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The items excluded from EBITDA, but included in the calculation of reported net income, are significant components of the consolidated statements of income and must be considered in performing a comprehensive assessment of overall financial performance. EBITDA, and the associated year-to-year trends, should not be considered in isolation. Our calculation of EBITDA may not be consistent with calculations of EBITDA used by other companies.
EBITDA per adjusted prescription is calculated by dividing EBITDA by the adjusted prescription volume for the period. This measure is used as an indicator of EBITDA performance on a per-unit basis, providing insight into the cash-generating potential of each prescription. EBITDA, and as a result, EBITDA per adjusted prescription, are affected by the changes in prescription volumes between retail and mail order, the relative representation of brand-name, generic and specialty pharmacy drugs, as well as the level of efficiency in the business. Adjusted prescription volume equals substantially all mail-order prescriptions multiplied by three, plus retail prescriptions. These mail-order prescriptions are multiplied by three to adjust for the fact that they include approximately three times the amount of product days supplied compared with retail prescriptions.
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The following table reconciles our reported net income to EBITDA and presents EBITDA per adjusted prescription for each of the respective periods (in millions, except for EBITDA per adjusted prescription data):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Quarters Ended | | | Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 26, | | | September 27, | | | September 26, | | | September 27, | |
| | 2009 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2008(1) | |
Net income | | $ | 335.6 | | | $ | 295.7 | | | $ | 938.7 | | | $ | 828.6 | |
Add: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | | 43.3 | | | | 61.5 | | | | 131.8 | | | | 173.6 | |
Interest (income) and other (income) expense, net | | | (3.4 | ) | | | (3.3 | ) | | | (9.1 | ) | | | (3.7 | )(2) |
Provision for income taxes | | | 217.1 | | | | 152.6 | (3) | | | 628.3 | | | | 504.7 | (3) |
Depreciation expense | | | 48.3 | | | | 38.6 | | | | 135.8 | | | | 117.7 | |
Amortization expense | | | 78.4 | | | | 71.1 | | | | 230.1 | | | | 211.2 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
EBITDA | | $ | 719.3 | | | $ | 616.2 | | | $ | 2,055.6 | | | $ | 1,832.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Adjusted prescriptions(4) | | | 220.2 | | | | 193.0 | | | | 671.3 | | | | 597.8 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
EBITDA per adjusted prescription | | $ | 3.27 | | | $ | 3.19 | | | $ | 3.06 | | | $ | 3.06 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
(1) | | Includes majority-owned Europa Apotheek’s operating results commencing on the April 28, 2008 acquisition date. |
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(2) | | Includes a $9.8 million charge for the ineffective portion of the forward-starting interest rate swap agreements associated with the March 2008 issuance of senior notes as discussed above in “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Facilities—Swap Agreements.” |
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(3) | | Includes a third-quarter 2008 nonrecurring state income tax benefit of $28 million primarily resulting from statute of limitations expirations in certain states. |
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(4) | | Adjusted prescription volume equals substantially all mail-order prescriptions multiplied by three, plus retail prescriptions. These mail-order prescriptions are multiplied by three to adjust for the fact that they include approximately three times the amount of product days supplied compared with retail prescriptions. |
For the third quarter of 2009 compared to the third quarter of 2008, EBITDA increased by 16.7%, compared to an increase in net income of 13.5%, and an increase in EBITDA per adjusted prescription of 2.5%. For the nine months of 2009 compared to the nine months of 2008, EBITDA increased by 12.2%, compared to an increase in net income of 13.3%, and a consistent level for EBITDA per adjusted prescription. The higher rate of increase for EBITDA compared with net income for the third quarter primarily reflects the aforementioned state income tax benefit recorded in the third quarter of 2008. The lower rate of increase for EBITDA compared with net income for the nine months primarily reflects the aforementioned lower interest expense, as well as the higher interest and other income, partially offset by the aforementioned 2008 tax benefit. The lower rates of increase for EBITDA per adjusted prescription compared to EBITDA reflect the higher retail volumes driven by new business and results in an overall higher retail mix in our prescription base.
Commitments and Contractual Obligations
The following table presents our commitments and contractual obligations as of September 26, 2009, as well as our long-term debt obligations ($ in millions):
Payments Due By Period
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Total | | | Remainder of 2009 | | | 2010-2011 | | | 2012-2013 | | | Thereafter | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Long-term debt obligations(1) | | $ | 4,000.0 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,800.0 | | | $ | 1,200.0 | |
Interest payments on long-term debt obligations(2) | | | 965.8 | | | | 38.7 | | | | 310.2 | | | | 257.1 | | | | 359.8 | |
Operating lease obligations(3) | | | 145.5 | | | | 12.0 | | | | 95.4 | | | | 28.9 | | | | 9.2 | |
Purchase commitments(4) | | | 170.5 | | | | 55.0 | | | | 115.5 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other(5) | | | 26.1 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 26.1 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 5,307.9 | | | $ | 105.7 | | | $ | 521.1 | | | $ | 3,112.1 | | | $ | 1,569.0 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | |
(1) | | Long-term debt obligations exclude $14.3 million in total unamortized discounts on our 7.25%, 6.125% and 7.125% senior notes and the fair value of interest rate swap agreements of $13.5 million on $200 million of the $500 million in 7.25% senior notes. |
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(2) | | The variable component of interest expense for the senior unsecured credit facility is based on the September 2009 LIBOR. The LIBOR fluctuates and may result in differences in the presented interest expense on long-term debt obligations. |
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(3) | | Primarily reflects contractual operating lease commitments to lease pharmacy and call center pharmacy facilities, offices and warehouse space throughout the United States, as well as pill dispensing and counting devices and other operating equipment for use in our mail-order pharmacies and computer equipment for use in our data centers and corporate headquarters. |
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(4) | | Represents purchase commitments, primarily for diabetes supplies and technology-related agreements of $134.2 million. It also includes contractual commitments to purchase inventory from certain biopharmaceutical manufacturers associated with Accredo’s Specialty Pharmacy business, consisting of a firm commitment for the fourth quarter of 2009 of $13.3 million, with an additional variable commitment through mid-2011 based on patient usage, and a firm commitment for the remainder of 2009 of $23.0 million, with an additional commitment through 2012 with a variable price component. |
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(5) | | As part of the acquisition of a majority interest in Europa Apotheek, we have a purchase obligation of $26.1 million anticipated to be settled by 2014, which is included in other noncurrent liabilities on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 26, 2009. |
We have a minimum pension funding requirement of $4.4 million under the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) during 2009 for our 2008 plan year, which has been paid. From time to time, we make additional voluntary contributions within the maximum deductible limits set by the IRS.
We also have outstanding debt associated with our 364-day renewable accounts receivable financing facility amounting to $200 million at September 26, 2009. This is classified as short-term debt on our unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets.
As of September 26, 2009, we had letters of credit outstanding of approximately $7.0 million, which were issued under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility as collateral for the deductible portion of our general liability and workers’ compensation coverage.
As of September 26, 2009, we have total gross liabilities for income tax contingencies of $112.5 million on our unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheet. The majority of the income tax contingencies are subject to statutes of limitations that are scheduled to expire by the end of 2013. In addition, approximately 48% of the income tax contingencies are scheduled to settle over the next twelve months.
For additional information regarding operating lease obligations, long-term debt, pension and other postretirement obligations, and information on deferred income taxes, see Notes 5, 7, 8 and 9, respectively, to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2008.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no material off-balance sheet arrangements, other than purchase commitments and lease obligations. See “—Commitments and Contractual Obligations” above.
Share Repurchase Program
Since 2005, we have executed share repurchases of 182.6 million shares at a cost of $6.7 billion through our share repurchase programs. We currently have a $3 billion share repurchase program, which expires in November 2010, with $1.8 billion remaining as of September 26, 2009. We did not repurchase shares during the third quarter of 2009. Through September year-to-date 2009 under the current program, a total of 23.6 million shares were repurchased at a total cost of $1.01 billion with an average per share cost of $42.71. Since the inception of the current program in November 2008, we have repurchased 28.7 million shares for a total cost of $1.21 billion with an average per-share cost of $42.01. From time
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to time, we may make additional share repurchases, which we intend to fund with our free cash flow (cash flow from operations less capital expenditures). Our Board of Directors periodically reviews the program and approves the associated trading parameters. For more information, see Item 2, “Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds,” included in Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Recently Adopted Financial Accounting Standards
Subsequent Events.In May 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a standard, which establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. It requires the disclosure of the date through which an entity has evaluated subsequent events and the basis for that date; that is, whether that date represents the date the financial statements were issued or were available to be issued. The standard was effective for interim or annual financial periods ending after June 15, 2009. We adopted the standard in the second quarter of 2009. We have evaluated subsequent events through November 3, 2009, the filing date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Accounting for Defensive Intangible Assets.In November 2008, Authoritative Guidance was issued, which applies to all acquired intangible assets in situations in which the acquirer does not intend to actively use the asset but intends to hold the asset to prevent its competitors from obtaining access to the asset (a defensive intangible asset). The standard is effective prospectively for intangible assets acquired on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Earlier application is not permitted. Our adoption of the standard in 2009 did not have an impact on our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets.In April 2008, the FASB issued a standard, which amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset and requires additional disclosure. The standard applies to all intangible assets, whether acquired in a business combination or otherwise, and is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance for determining the useful life of intangible assets is applied prospectively to intangible assets acquired after the effective date. The disclosure requirements apply prospectively to all intangible assets recognized as of, and subsequent to, the effective date. Our adoption of this standard in 2009 did not have a material impact on our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. For additional disclosures required under this standard, see Note 6, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net,” to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.In March 2008, the FASB issued a standard, which requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts of gains and losses on derivative instruments and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative instruments. The standard is intended to improve financial reporting relating to derivative instruments and hedging activities by requiring enhanced disclosures to enable investors to better understand their effects on an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. The standard is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008.
Our derivatives consist of interest rate swap agreements on $200 million of the $500 million in 7.25% senior notes due in 2013. These swap agreements were entered into as an effective hedge to (i) convert a portion of the senior note fixed rate debt into floating rate debt; (ii) maintain a capital structure containing appropriate amounts of fixed and floating rate debt; and (iii) lower the interest expense on these notes in the near term. We do not expect our cash flows to be affected to any significant degree by a sudden change in market interest rates. For more information, see Note 7, “Debt,” to the audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2008, and Note 3, “Fair Value Disclosures,” to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our adoption of the standard
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in 2009 did not have a material impact on our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Additional disclosures required under the standard are included above.
Business Combinations.In December 2007, the FASB issued a standard, which is intended to improve, simplify, and converge internationally the accounting for business combinations and the reporting of noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements. The standard requires the acquiring entity in a business combination to measure and recognize all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transaction; establishes the acquisition-date fair value as the measurement objective for all assets acquired and liabilities assumed; and requires the acquirer to disclose to investors and other users the information they need to evaluate and understand the nature and financial effect of the business combination. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The standard applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. In April 2009, the FASB issued additional guidance, which amends and clarifies the standard to address application issues, subsequent measurement and accounting, and disclosure of assets and liabilities arising from contingencies in a business combination. The guidance is effective for acquisition dates on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Our adoption of the standard did not have an impact on our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements.In December 2007, the FASB issued a standard, which is designed to improve the relevance, comparability, and transparency of financial information provided to investors by requiring all entities to report noncontrolling (minority) interests in subsidiaries in the same way—as equity in the consolidated financial statements. Moreover, the standard eliminates the diversity that currently exists in accounting for transactions between an entity and noncontrolling interests by requiring that they be treated as equity transactions. The standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Earlier adoption is prohibited. In addition, the standard must be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which it is initially applied, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements. Our adoption of the standard did not have an impact on our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments.In April 2009, the FASB issued a standard, which enhances consistency in financial reporting by increasing the frequency of fair value disclosures. This standard is effective for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009. Our adoption of this standard in the second quarter of 2009 did not have a material impact on our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. For additional disclosures required under this standard, see Note 3, “Fair Value Disclosures,” to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncement
Employers’ Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets.In December 2008, the FASB issued a standard, which provides guidance on an employer’s disclosures about plan assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. The disclosures about plan assets required by the standard shall be provided for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2009. Earlier application is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of the standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We have floating rate debt with our credit facilities and investments in marketable securities that are subject to interest rate volatility, which is our principal market risk. In addition, we have interest rate swap agreements on $200 million of the $500 million in 7.25% senior notes. As a result of these interest rate swap agreements, the $200 million of senior notes is subject to interest rate volatility. A 25 basis point change in the weighted average annual interest rate relating to the credit facilities’ balances outstanding and interest rate swap agreements as of September 26, 2009, which are subject to variable interest rates based on LIBOR, and the accounts receivable financing facility, which is subject to
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the commercial paper rate, would yield a change of approximately $6.0 million in annual interest expense. We do not expect our cash flows to be affected to any significant degree by a sudden change in market interest rates.
We operate our business primarily within the United States and execute the vast majority of our transactions in U.S. dollars. However, as a result of our acquisition of a majority interest in Europa Apotheek, which is based in the Netherlands, we are subject to foreign currency translation risk as Europa Apotheek’s functional currency is the Euro. This foreign currency translation risk is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. As of the end of the period covered by this Report, our management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the objectives described above were met as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) for the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in litigation, claims, government inquiries, investigations, charges and proceedings, including, but not limited to, those relating to regulatory, commercial, employment, employee benefits and securities matters. Descriptions of certain legal proceedings to which the Company is a party are contained in Note 10, “Commitments and Contingencies—Legal Proceedings,” to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are incorporated by reference herein. Such descriptions include the following recent developments:
In 2006, a group of independent pharmacies filed an arbitration demand against Medco captionedTomeldon Company, Inc. et al. v. Medco Health Solutions, Inc. The claimant pharmacies allege, among other things, breach of contract arising out of Medco’s Pharmacy Services Manual and Medco’s audits of compound claims. The arbitration demand was filed on behalf of a purported class of retail pharmacies that had been audited for overpriced compounds. The claimants later expanded their claims to include two additional classes: one for pharmacies that claimed they lost profits after leaving Medco’s network following an audit finding of overpriced compounds and one for pharmacies subject to audits that were not yet finalized. In August 2008, the arbitration panel certified the original class but only concerning certain breach of contract claims. The panel declined to certify the additional proposed classes and also declined to certify the original class based on business tort or quasi-contract claims. In June 2009, the parties reached an agreement in principle to settle the dispute for an immaterial amount. Settlement notices were mailed to class members in September 2009, and a fairness hearing took place in October 2009.
In February 2006, a lawsuit captionedChelsea Family Pharmacy, PLLC v. Medco Health Solutions, Inc.,was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma. The plaintiff, which seeks to represent a class of Oklahoma pharmacies that had contracted with the Company within three years prior to the filing of the complaint, alleges, among other things, that the Company has contracted with retail pharmacies at rates that are less than the prevailing rates paid by ordinary consumers and has denied consumers their choice of pharmacy by placing restrictions on the plaintiff’s ability to dispense pharmaceutical goods and services. The plaintiff asserts that the Company’s activities violate the Oklahoma
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Third Party Prescription Act and asserts related claims, and seeks, among other things, compensatory damages, attorneys’ fees and injunctive relief. In September 2007, the Magistrate Judge recommended that the District Court deny Medco’s motion to stay the action pending arbitration, which the District Court affirmed in July 2008. Medco appealed the District Court’s decision, and in June 2009, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed in part and reversed in part, finding that any claims related to reimbursement must be arbitrated. In October 2009, the plaintiff dismissed this matter.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Reference is made to the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2008 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 27, 2009, which are incorporated by reference herein. There have been no material changes with regard to the risk factors disclosed in such reports other than as set forth below.
Changes in industry pricing benchmarks could adversely affect our financial performance.
Contracts in the prescription drug industry generally use certain published benchmarks to establish pricing for prescription drugs. These benchmarks include average wholesale price, which is referred to as “AWP,” average selling price, which is referred to as “ASP,” and wholesale acquisition cost, which is referred to as “WAC.” Most of Medco’s PBM client contracts currently utilize the AWP standard.
Recent events have raised uncertainties as to whether payors, pharmacy providers, PBMs and others in the prescription drug industry will continue to utilize AWP as it has previously been calculated, or whether other pricing benchmarks will be adopted for establishing prices within the industry. Specifically, in connection with the recently implemented settlement in the case ofNew England Carpenters Health Benefits Fund, et al. v. First DataBank, et al., a civil class action case brought against McKesson Corporation and First DataBank (“FDB”), which is one of several companies that report data on prescription drug prices, FDB reduced the reported AWP of certain drugs by four percent. FDB has also announced that once the settlement is implemented, it will discontinue publishing its AWP price information within two years. Medco’s client contracts contain terms that Medco believes will enable it to mitigate any adverse effects of this kind of settlement and FDB’s related action.
Legislation may lead to changes in the pricing for Medicare and Medicaid programs. See Item 1, “Business—Government Regulation—Legislation and Regulation Affecting Drug Prices and Potentially Affecting the Market for Prescription Benefit Plans and Reimbursement for Durable Medical Equipment,”included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2008. At least one Medicaid program has adopted, and other Medicaid programs, some states and some commercial payors may adopt, those aspects of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (P.L. 108-173) (the “Act”) that either result in or appear to result in price reductions for drugs covered by such programs. Adoption of ASP in lieu of AWP as the measure for determining reimbursement by state Medicaid programs for the drugs sold in our Specialty Pharmacy business could materially reduce the revenue and gross margins of this business.
The success of our business depends on maintaining a well-secured pharmacy operation and technology infrastructure. Additionally, significant disruptions to our infrastructure or any of our facilities due to failure to execute security measures or failure to execute business continuity plans in the event of an epidemic or pandemic such as H1N1 influenza (swine flu) or some other catastrophic event could adversely impact our business.
We are dependent on our infrastructure, including our information systems, for many aspects of our business operations. A fundamental requirement for our business is the secure storage and transmission of personal health information and other confidential data and we must maintain our business processes and information systems, and the integrity of our confidential information. Although we have developed systems and processes that are designed to protect information against security breaches, failure to protect such information or mitigate any such breaches may adversely affect our operations. In the event we or our vendors experience malfunctions in business processes, breaches of information systems or the failure to maintain effective and up-to-date information systems, this could disrupt our business operations or impact patient safety, result in customer and member disputes, damage our reputation, expose us to
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risk of loss or litigation, result in regulatory violations, increase administrative expenses or lead to other adverse consequences.
We have automated and other mail-order dispensing pharmacies, call centers, data centers and corporate facilities located across the United States. All of these facilities depend on the local infrastructure and the uninterrupted operation of our computerized dispensing systems and our electronic data processing systems. Significant disruptions at any of these facilities or our vendors’ facilities due to failure of technology or any other failure or disruption to these systems or to the infrastructure due to fire, electrical outage, natural disaster, acts of terrorism or malice, an epidemic or pandemic such as H1N1 influenza (swine flu) or some other catastrophic event could, temporarily or indefinitely, significantly reduce, or partially or totally eliminate, our ability to process and dispense prescriptions and provide products and services to our clients and members.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
We currently have a $3 billion share repurchase program, which expires in November 2010 (the “2008 Program”). The Company’s Board of Directors periodically reviews any share repurchase programs and approves the associated trading parameters.
The following is a summary of the Company’s share repurchase activity for the three months ended September 26, 2009:
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities(1)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | Total number of shares purchased | | | Approximate dollar value of | |
| | | | | | | | | | as part of a | | | shares | |
| | | | | | | | | | publicly | | | that may yet be | |
| | Total number of | | | Average | | | announced | | | purchased under | |
| | shares | | | price paid | | | program since | | | the program(4) | |
Fiscal Period | | purchased | | | per share(2) | | | inception(3) | | | (in thousands) | |
Balances at June 27, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | 28,732,762 | | | $ | 1,792,905 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
June 28 to July 25, 2009 | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | — | | | $ | 1,792,905 | |
July 26 to August 22, 2009 | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | — | | | $ | 1,792,905 | |
August 23 to September 26, 2009 | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | — | | | $ | 1,792,905 | |
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Third quarter 2009 totals | | | — | | | $ | — | | | | — | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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(1) | | All information set forth in the table above relates to the Company’s 2008 Program. The 2008 Program was announced in November 2008 and pursuant to the 2008 Program, the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $3 billion of its common stock through November 2010. |
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(2) | | Dollar amounts include transaction costs. The total average price paid per share in the table above represents the average price paid per share for repurchases settled during the three months ended September 26, 2009. The average per-share cost for repurchases under the 2008 Program from inception through September 26, 2009 is $42.01. |
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(3) | | The Company repurchased all of the above-referenced shares of its common stock through its publicly announced 2008 Program. |
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(4) | | The balances at September 26, 2009 reflect the remaining authorized repurchases under the 2008 Program. |
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
Not applicable.
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Item 5. Other Information
(a) Rule 10b5-1 Sales Plans.Medco’s comprehensive compliance program includes a broad policy against insider trading. The procedures promulgated under that policy include regularly scheduled blackout periods that apply to over 600 employees. Executive officers are prohibited from trading in Company stock during the period that begins on the first day of the last month of the fiscal period and ends on the third trading day after the release of earnings. In addition, executive officers are required to pre-clear all of their trades. Medco’s executive officers are also subject to share ownership guidelines and retention requirements. The ownership targets are based on a multiple of salary (5, 3 or 1.5 times salary), but are expressed as a number of shares. The targets are determined using base salary and the closing price of our stock on the date of our Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The number of shares required to be held has been calculated using a $44.38 stock price, the closing price of our stock on the date of the 2009 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
To facilitate compliance with the ownership guidelines and retention requirements, Medco’s Board of Directors authorized the use of prearranged trading plans under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Rule 10b5-1 permits insiders to adopt predetermined plans for selling specified amounts of stock or exercising stock options under specified conditions and at specified times. Executive officers may only enter into a trading plan during an open trading window and they must not possess material nonpublic information regarding the Company at the time they adopt the plan. Using trading plans, insiders can diversify their investment portfolios while avoiding concerns about transactions occurring at a time when they might possess material nonpublic information. Under Medco’s policy, sales instructions made pursuant to a written trading plan may be executed during a blackout period. In addition, the use of trading plans provides Medco with a greater ability to monitor trading and compliance with its stock ownership guidelines. Generally, under these trading plans, the individual relinquishes control over the transactions once the trading plan is put into place. Accordingly, sales under these plans may occur at any time, including possibly before, simultaneously with, or immediately after significant events involving our company.
All trading plans adopted by Medco executives are reviewed and approved by the Office of the General Counsel. For ease of administration, executives have been permitted to add new orders to existing plans rather than requiring the adoption of a new plan. Once modified, a plan cannot be changed for at least 90 days. Both new plans and modifications are subject to a mandatory “waiting period” designed to safeguard the plans from manipulation or market timing.
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The following table, which we are providing on a voluntary basis, sets forth the Rule 10b5-1 sales plans entered into by our executive officers in effect as of November 1, 2009(1):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Number of Shares to | | | | Number of Shares | | Projected | | |
| | be Sold Under the | | | | Sold Under the | | Beneficial | | Projected Aggregate |
Name and Position | | Plan(2) | | Timing of Sales Under the Plan | | Plan(3) | | Ownership(4) | | Holdings(5) |
John P. Driscoll(6) President, New Markets | | | 0 | | | Option exercise of 18,934 previously acquired shares occurred when stock reached a specific price; sale of previously acquired shares shall occur if stock reaches a specific price. See footnote 6. | | | 18,934 | | | | 224,027 | | | | 493,098 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Robert Epstein Senior Vice President, Medical and Analytical Affairs and Chief Medical Officer | | | 30,000 | | | Sale of 30,000 previously acquired shares shall occur if stock reaches a specific price. | | | 0 | | | | 125,323 | | | | 386,823 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Laizer Kornwasser(6) President, Liberty Medical and Senior Vice President, Channel and Generic Strategy | | | 0 | | | Option exercise of 51,440 occurred when stock reached specific prices; sale of 3,200 previously acquired shares occurred when stock reached a specific price; sale of previously acquired shares shall occur when stock reaches a specific price. See footnote 6. | | | 54,640 | | | | 87,789 | | | | 259,004 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Jack A. Smith Senior Vice President, Marketing | | | 24,600 | | | Option exercise of 12,600 and sale of 12,000 previously acquired shares shall occur if stock reaches a specific price; option exercise of 30,000 shares occurred when stock reached specific prices; sale of 24,000 shares occurred when stock reached specific prices. | | | 54,000 | | | | 141,318 | | | | 284,006 | |
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(1) | | This table does not include any trading plans entered into by any executive officer that have been terminated or expired by their terms or have been fully executed through November 1, 2009. |
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(2) | | This column reflects the number of shares remaining to be sold as of November 1, 2009. |
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(3) | | This column reflects the number of shares sold under the plan through November 1, 2009. |
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(4) | | This column reflects an estimate of the number of whole shares each identified executive officer will beneficially own following the sale of all shares under the Rule 10b5-1 sales plans currently in effect. This information reflects the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of November 1, 2009, and includes shares of our common stock subject to options or restricted stock units that were then vested or exercisable and unvested options and restricted stock units that are included in a current trading plan for sales periods that begin after the applicable vesting date. Options cannot be exercised and restricted stock units cannot be converted prior to vesting. The estimates reflect option exercises and sales under the plan, but do not reflect any changes to beneficial ownership that may have occurred since November 1, 2009 outside of the plan. |
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(5) | | This column reflects an estimate of the total aggregate number of whole shares each identified executive officer will have an interest in following the sale of all shares under the Rule 10b5-1 sales plans currently in effect. This information reflects the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of November 1, 2009, and includes shares of our common stock subject to options (whether or not currently exercisable) or restricted stock units (whether or not vested). Options cannot be exercised and restricted stock units cannot be converted prior to vesting. The estimates reflect option exercises and sales under the plan, but do not reflect any changes to beneficial ownership that may have occurred since November 1, 2009 outside of the plan. |
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(6) | | The trading plans for Mr. Driscoll and Mr. Kornwasser also cover 100 percent of the net shares that will be delivered upon the vesting of the individual’s restricted stock unit granted on February 23, 2007, after the payment of withholding taxes and provided the stock reaches a specific price. The exact number of shares will be determined on the vesting date. As a result, the shares are not reflected in this table. |
Certain directors who have either served on the Board since Medco became a publicly traded company in August 2003 or were previously employed by the Company entered into Rule 10b5-1 sales plans to diversify a portion of their holdings in Company common stock. In each case, the directors hold an interest in Company common stock in excess of the Board’s stock ownership guidelines.
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The following table, which we are providing on a voluntary basis, sets forth the Rule 10b5-1 sales plans entered into by our directors in effect as of November 1, 2009(1):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Number of Shares to | | | | Number of Shares | | Projected | | |
| | be Sold Under the | | | | Sold Under the | | Beneficial | | Projected Aggregate |
Name and Position | | Plan(2) | | Timing of Sales Under the Plan | | Plan(3) | | Ownership(4) | | Holdings(5) |
Howard W. Barker, Jr. Director | | | 42,024 | | | Option exercise of 32,000 and 8,000 shall occur if stock reaches specific prices; sale of 2,024 previously acquired shares shall occur if stock reaches a specific price. | | | 0 | | | | 30,076 | | | | 40,076 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
David D. Stevens Director | | | 140,000 | | | Option exercise of 140,000 shares shall occur if stock reaches a specific price. | | | 0 | | | | 18,200 | | | | 28,200 | |
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(1) | | This table does not include any trading plans entered into by any director that have been terminated or expired by their terms or have been fully executed through November 1, 2009. |
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(2) | | This column reflects the number of shares remaining to be sold as of November 1, 2009. |
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(3) | | This column reflects the number of shares sold under the plan through November 1, 2009. |
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(4) | | This column reflects an estimate of the number of whole shares each identified director will beneficially own following the sale of all shares under the Rule 10b5-1 sales plans currently in effect. This information reflects the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of November 1, 2009, and includes shares of our common stock subject to options or restricted stock units that were then vested or exercisable and unvested options and restricted stock units that are included in a current trading plan for sales periods that begin after the applicable vesting date. Options cannot be exercised and restricted stock units cannot be converted prior to vesting. The estimates reflect option exercises and sales under the plan, but do not reflect any changes to beneficial ownership that may have occurred since November 1, 2009 outside of the plan. |
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(5) | | This column reflects an estimate of the total aggregate number of whole shares each identified director will have an interest in following the sale of all shares under the Rule 10b5-1 sales plans currently in effect. This information reflects the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of November 1, 2009, and includes shares of our common stock subject to options (whether or not currently exercisable) or restricted stock units (whether or not vested). Options cannot be exercised and restricted stock units cannot be converted prior to vesting. The estimates reflect option exercises and sales under the plan, but do not reflect any changes to beneficial ownership that may have occurred since November 1, 2009 outside of the plan. |
(b) Additional Information.Medco’s public Internet site is http://www.medcohealth.com. Medco makes available free of charge, through the Investor Relations page of its Internet site (www.medcohealth.com/investor), all of its filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Medco intends to use the Investor Relations page of its Internet site at www.medcohealth.com/investor to disclose important information to the public. Information contained on Medco’s Internet site, or that can be accessed through its Internet site, does not constitute a part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Medco has included its Internet site address only as an inactive textual reference and does not intend it to be an active link to its Internet site.
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Item 6. Exhibits
| | | | |
Number | | Description | | Method of Filing |
| | | | |
3.1 | | Third Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Medco Health Solutions, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 23, 2008). | | Incorporated by reference. |
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3.2 | | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Medco Health Solutions, Inc. as of December 10, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 11, 2008). | | Incorporated by reference. |
| | | | |
31.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | | Filed with this document. |
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31.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | | Filed with this document. |
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32.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | | Filed with this document. |
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32.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | | Filed with this document. |
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101.INS | | XBRL Instance Document. | | Furnished with this document. |
| | | | |
101.SCH | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema. | | Furnished with this document. |
| | | | |
101.CAL | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase. | | Furnished with this document. |
| | | | |
101.DEF | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase. | | Furnished with this document. |
| | | | |
101.LAB | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase. | | Furnished with this document. |
| | | | |
101.PRE | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase. | | Furnished with this document. |
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| | | | |
| MEDCO HEALTH SOLUTIONS, INC. (Registrant) | |
Date: November 3, 2009 | By: | /s/ David B. Snow, Jr. | |
| | Name: | David B. Snow, Jr. | |
| | Title: | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | |
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| | |
Date: November 3, 2009 | By: | /s/ Richard J. Rubino, C.P.A. | |
| | Name: | Richard J. Rubino, C.P.A. | |
| | Title: | Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer | |
|
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