UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
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| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2006 | ||
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| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period from to |
Commission File Number: 000-50938
Fieldstone Investment Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland | 74-2874689 |
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer |
11000 Broken Land Parkway | 21044 | 410-772-7200 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | (Telephone No., including area code) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer o Accelerated Filer o Non-accelerated Filer x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x
Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of May 1, 2006: 48,536,485
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| FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
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| Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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i
FIELDSTONE INVESTMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Condition
March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005
(Unaudited; in thousands, except share data)
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| March 31, 2006 |
| December 31, 2005 |
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Assets |
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Cash |
| $ | 31,020 |
| 33,536 |
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Restricted cash |
| 255,305 |
| 7,888 |
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Mortgage loans held for sale, net |
| 312,836 |
| 594,269 |
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Mortgage loans held for investment |
| 5,532,481 |
| 5,570,415 |
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Allowance for loan losses—loans held for investment |
| (45,744 | ) | (44,122 | ) | |
Mortgage loans held for investment, net |
| 5,486,737 |
| 5,526,293 |
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Accounts receivable |
| 13,062 |
| 7,201 |
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Accrued interest receivable |
| 29,043 |
| 29,940 |
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Trustee receivable |
| 119,771 |
| 130,237 |
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Prepaid expenses and other assets |
| 38,227 |
| 31,197 |
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Derivative assets |
| 37,410 |
| 35,223 |
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Deferred tax asset |
| 16,855 |
| 17,679 |
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Furniture and equipment, net |
| 9,479 |
| 10,151 |
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Total assets |
| $ | 6,349,745 |
| 6,423,614 |
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Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |
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Warehouse financing—loans held for sale |
| $ | 252,814 |
| 434,061 |
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Warehouse financing—loans held for investment |
| 259,513 |
| 378,707 |
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Securitization financing |
| 5,241,266 |
| 4,998,620 |
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Reserve for losses—loans sold |
| 33,497 |
| 35,082 |
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Dividends payable |
| 23,298 |
| 26,689 |
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Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities |
| 22,499 |
| 23,812 |
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Total liabilities |
| 5,832,887 |
| 5,896,971 |
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Commitments and contingencies (Note 11) |
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Shareholders’ equity: |
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Common stock $0.01 par value; 90,000,000 shares authorized; 48,536,485 and 48,513,985 shares issued as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively |
| 485 |
| 485 |
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Paid-in capital |
| 489,602 |
| 493,603 |
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Accumulated earnings |
| 26,771 |
| 37,093 |
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Unearned compensation |
| — |
| (4,538 | ) | |
Total shareholders’ equity |
| 516,858 |
| 526,643 |
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Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |
| $ | 6,349,745 |
| 6,423,614 |
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
FIELDSTONE INVESTMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 and 2005
(Unaudited; in thousands, except share data)
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| Three Months Ended March 31, |
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| 2006 |
| 2005 |
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Revenues: |
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Interest income: |
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Loans held for investment |
| $ | 95,113 |
| 82,836 |
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Loans held for sale |
| 6,601 |
| 4,287 |
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Total interest income |
| 101,714 |
| 87,123 |
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Interest expense: |
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Loans held for investment |
| 68,916 |
| 38,608 |
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Loans held for sale |
| 2,605 |
| 992 |
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Total interest expense |
| 71,521 |
| 39,600 |
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Net interest income |
| 30,193 |
| 47,523 |
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Provision for loan losses—loans held for investment |
| 5,393 |
| 4,494 |
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Net interest income after provision for loan losses |
| 24,800 |
| 43,029 |
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Gains on sales of mortgage loans, net |
| 10,295 |
| 8,469 |
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Other income (expense)—portfolio derivatives |
| 12,158 |
| 20,342 |
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Fees and other income |
| 350 |
| 286 |
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Total revenues |
| 47,603 |
| 72,126 |
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Expenses: |
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Salaries and employee benefits |
| 20,869 |
| 17,704 |
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Occupancy |
| 1,823 |
| 1,499 |
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Depreciation and amortization |
| 935 |
| 760 |
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Servicing fees |
| 2,569 |
| 2,604 |
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General and administration |
| 7,563 |
| 7,321 |
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Total expenses |
| 33,759 |
| 29,888 |
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Income from continuing operations before income taxes |
| 13,844 |
| 42,238 |
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Income tax benefit |
| 729 |
| 157 |
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Income from continuing operations |
| 14,573 |
| 42,395 |
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Discontinued operations, net of income tax (including loss on disposal of $0.5 million; see Note 7) |
| (1,645 | ) | (641 | ) | |
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Net income |
| $ | 12,928 |
| 41,754 |
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Earnings per share of common stock: |
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Basic: |
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Continuing operations |
| $ | 0.30 |
| 0.87 |
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Discontinued operations |
| (0.03 | ) | (0.01 | ) | |
Total |
| $ | 0.27 |
| 0.86 |
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Diluted: |
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Continuing operations |
| $ | 0.30 |
| 0.87 |
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Discontinued operations |
| (0.03 | ) | (0.01 | ) | |
Total |
| $ | 0.27 |
| 0.86 |
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Basic weighted average common shares outstanding |
| 48,273,985 |
| 48,461,987 |
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Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding |
| 48,273,985 |
| 48,519,518 |
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
FIELDSTONE INVESTMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 and 2005
(Unaudited; in thousands)
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| Common |
| Common |
| Paid-in |
| Accumulated |
| Unearned |
| Total |
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Balance at January 1, 2006 |
| 48,514 |
| $ | 485 |
| $ | 493,603 |
| $ | 37,093 |
| $ | (4,538 | ) | $ | 526,643 |
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Restricted stock issued |
| 45 |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
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Restricted stock forfeited |
| (23 | ) | — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
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Restricted stock compensation expense |
| — |
| — |
| 422 |
| — |
| — |
| 422 |
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Stock options compensation expense |
| — |
| — |
| 115 |
| — |
| — |
| 115 |
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Reclass unearned compensation to paid-in capital upon adoption of FASB Statement No. 123R |
| — |
| — |
| (4,538 | ) | — |
| 4,538 |
| — |
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Dividends declared. |
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| — |
| (23,250 | ) | — |
| (23,250 | ) | |||||
Net income |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 12,928 |
| — |
| 12,928 |
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Balance at March 31, 2006 |
| 48,536 |
| $ | 485 |
| $ | 489,602 |
| $ | 26,771 |
| $ | — |
| $ | 516,858 |
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Balance at January 1, 2005 |
| 48,856 |
| $ | 489 |
| $ | 497,147 |
| $ | 36,430 |
| $ | (5,985 | ) | $ | 528,081 |
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Restricted stock forfeited |
| (23 | ) | (1 | ) | (337 | ) | — |
| 338 |
| — |
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Restricted stock compensation expense |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 450 |
| 450 |
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Stock options compensation expense |
| — |
| — |
| 72 |
| — |
| — |
| 72 |
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Stock options exercised |
| 3 |
| — |
| 38 |
| — |
| — |
| 38 |
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Costs relating to the equity registration |
| — |
| — |
| (386 | ) | — |
| — |
| (386 | ) | |||||
Net income (as restated-see Note 1 (g)) |
| — |
| — |
| — |
| 41,754 |
| — |
| 41,754 |
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Balance at March 31, 2005 (as restated-see Note 1(g)) |
| 48,836 |
| $ | 488 |
| $ | 496,534 |
| $ | 78,184 |
| $ | (5,197 | ) | $ | 570,009 |
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
FIELDSTONE INVESTMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 and 2005
(Unaudited; in thousands)
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| Three Months Ended March 31, |
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| 2006 |
| 2005 |
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Cash flows from operating activities: |
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Net income |
| $ | 12,928 |
| 41,754 |
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Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |
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Depreciation and amortization |
| 935 |
| 760 |
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Amortization of deferred origination costs—loans held for investment |
| 6,871 |
| 5,504 |
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Amortization of securitization issuance costs |
| 2,685 |
| 1,998 |
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Amortization of bond discount |
| 32 |
| 63 |
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Provision for losses—loans sold |
| 2,329 |
| 2,538 |
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Provision for loan losses—loans held for investment |
| 5,393 |
| 4,494 |
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Loss on disposal of discontinued operations |
| 904 |
| — |
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Loss from discontinued operations |
| 741 |
| 641 |
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Increase in accounts receivable |
| (5,861 | ) | (1,928 | ) | |
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable |
| 897 |
| (814 | ) | |
(Increase) decrease in trustee receivable |
| 10,466 |
| (8,085 | ) | |
Funding of mortgage loans held for sale |
| (480,522 | ) | (416,664 | ) | |
Proceeds from sales and payments of mortgage loans held for sale |
| 658,823 |
| 532,997 |
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Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets |
| (2,478 | ) | (2,386 | ) | |
Decrease in deferred tax asset, net |
| 824 |
| 346 |
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Increase in fair market value of derivative instruments |
| (2,824 | ) | (19,697 | ) | |
Decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities |
| (526 | ) | (3,062 | ) | |
Stock compensation expense |
| 585 |
| 522 |
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Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations |
| 212,202 |
| 138,981 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from discontinued operations |
| 97,368 |
| (33,602 | ) | |
Net cash provided by operating activities |
| 309,570 |
| 105,379 |
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Cash flows from investing activities: |
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Funding of mortgage loans held for investment |
| (531,782 | ) | (737,568 | ) | |
Payments of mortgage loans held for investment |
| 543,453 |
| 370,031 |
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Increase in restricted cash |
| (247,417 | ) | (1,925 | ) | |
Purchase of furniture and equipment, net |
| (549 | ) | (370 | ) | |
Proceeds from sale of real estate owned |
| 8,624 |
| 2,092 |
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Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations |
| (227,671 | ) | (367,740 | ) | |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from discontinued operations |
| 101 |
| (43 | ) | |
Net cash used in investing activities |
| (227,570 | ) | (367,783 | ) | |
Cash flows from financing activities: |
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Proceeds from warehouse financing—loans held for sale |
| 317,060 |
| 377,382 |
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Repayment of warehouse financing—loans held for sale |
| (422,441 | ) | (438,918 | ) | |
Proceeds from warehouse financing—loans held for investment |
| 537,953 |
| 607,867 |
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Repayment of warehouse financing—loans held for investment |
| (657,147 | ) | (707,686 | ) | |
Proceeds from securitization financing |
| 904,078 |
| 728,625 |
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Repayment of securitization financing |
| (661,464 | ) | (357,009 | ) | |
Dividends paid |
| (26,689 | ) | (21,501 | ) | |
Costs relating to the equity registration |
| — |
| (386 | ) | |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |
| — |
| 38 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities from continuing operations |
| (8,650 | ) | 188,412 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities from discontinued operations |
| (75,866 | ) | 47,121 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
| (84,516 | ) | 235,533 |
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Net decrease in cash |
| (2,516 | ) | (26,871 | ) | |
Cash at the beginning of the period |
| 33,536 |
| 61,681 |
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Cash at the end of the period |
| $ | 31,020 |
| 34,810 |
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Supplemental disclosures: |
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Cash paid for interest |
| $ | 71,859 |
| 38,970 |
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Cash paid (received) for taxes |
| 89 |
| (115 | ) | |
Non-cash operating and investing activities: |
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Transfer from mortgage loans held for sale to real estate owned |
| 468 |
| 204 |
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Transfer from mortgage loans held for investment to real estate owned |
| 19,463 |
| 4,642 |
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
FIELDSTONE INVESTMENT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2006 and 2005
(Unaudited)
(1) Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Organization
Fieldstone Investment Corporation (FIC) was incorporated in the State of Maryland on August 20, 2003, as a wholly owned subsidiary of Fieldstone Holdings Corp. (FHC). FHC was incorporated in the State of Delaware in February 1998 as a C Corporation. In July 1998, FHC purchased 100% of the shares of Fieldstone Mortgage Company (FMC), a Maryland corporation formed in 1995. Prior to 2003, FHC operated as a taxable C corporation. Effective January 1, 2003, FHC elected to be taxed as an S Corporation, and FMC was treated as a qualified sub-chapter S subsidiary.
In November 2003, FIC executed a reverse merger with FHC, with FIC as the surviving entity, in a transaction that was accounted for as a merger of entities under common control whereby the historical cost basis of the assets and liabilities was retained. In connection with the merger in November 2003, FIC elected to be taxed as a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT), and FMC, its wholly owned subsidiary, elected to be taxed as a Taxable REIT Subsidiary (TRS).
In February of 2004, FIC formed two wholly owned subsidiaries, Fieldstone Mortgage Ownership Corp. (FMOC) and Fieldstone Servicing Corp. (FSC), as Maryland corporations, which are treated as qualified REIT subsidiaries. FMOC holds securities and ownership interests in owner trusts and other financing vehicles, including securities issued by FIC or on FIC’s behalf. FMOC holds the residual interest in FIC’s securitized pools, as well as any derivatives designated as economic interest rate hedges related to securitized debt. FSC holds the rights to direct the servicing of the mortgage loans held for investment.
In May of 2005, FIC formed a wholly owned, limited purpose financing subsidiary, Fieldstone Mortgage Investment Corporation (FMIC), a Maryland corporation, which is treated as a qualified REIT subsidiary. FMIC was formed for the purpose of facilitating the financing and sale of mortgage loans and mortgage-related assets by issuing and selling securities secured primarily by, or evidencing interests in, mortgage loans and mortgage-related assets.
FMC originates, purchases and sells non-conforming and conforming residential mortgage loans and engages in other activities related to mortgage banking. FMC originates mortgage loans through wholesale and retail business channels through its network of over 4,300 independent mortgage brokers serviced by regional wholesale operations centers and a network of retail branch offices located throughout the country.
The non-conforming loans that are originated are underwritten in accordance with FMC’s underwriting guidelines, which are designed to evaluate a borrower’s credit history, capacity, willingness and ability to repay the loan, and the value and adequacy of the collateral. The conforming loans that are originated are loans that meet the underwriting criteria required for a mortgage loan to be saleable to a Government Sponsored Entity (GSE), such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, or institutional investors.
A substantial portion of the non-conforming loans originated by FMC are closed by FMC using funds advanced by FIC, with a simultaneous assignment of the loans to FIC. These loans are held for investment and financed by warehouse debt and by issuing mortgage-backed securities secured by these loans. FMC sells the portion of the non-conforming loans not held for investment and all of the conforming loans that it originates on a whole-loan, servicing-released basis. FMC provides interim servicing on the loans held for sale from the time of funding until the time the loans are transferred to the permanent servicer, which is generally between 30 and 45 days after funding of the loan. With regard to the loans held for investment, the servicing rights are transferred to FSC. Pursuant to an agreement, JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association acts as sub-
5
servicer of the non-conforming loans held for investment. The sub-servicer has primary responsibility for performing the servicing functions with respect to the loans, including all collection, advancing and loan level reporting obligations, maintenance of custodial and escrow accounts, maintenance of insurance and enforcement of foreclosure proceedings.
FMC is licensed or exempt from licensing requirements to originate residential mortgages in 49 states and the District of Columbia. FIC is licensed or exempt from licensing requirements to fund residential mortgage loans and acquire closed residential mortgage loans in all states in which it operates.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Fieldstone Investment Corporation and its subsidiaries (together, the Company) and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair presentation. The results of operations and other data for the three months ended March 31, 2006 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2006. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.
(b) Discontinued Operations
On January 13, 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan of disposal to sell, close or otherwise dispose of the assets of its conforming retail and conforming wholesale segments. In February 2006 the assets pertaining to the conforming division’s headquarters office, all wholesale offices and certain of its retail offices were sold to third parties. The remaining assets of the conforming division, which include retail offices in Maryland and Virginia, have been combined with the Company’s non-conforming retail offices, which will offer a range of non-conforming and conforming loan products.
The provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” (Statement No. 144), require the results of operations associated with the disposal of these conforming wholesale and conforming retail offices to be classified as discontinued operations, net of income tax and segregated from the Company’s continuing results of operations for all periods presented.
(c) Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Critical estimates include (i) an estimate of the representation and warranty liabilities related to the sale of mortgage loans; (ii) an estimate of losses inherent in mortgage loans held for investment, which is used to determine the related allowance for loan losses and realizable value of the Company’s accrued interest receivable; (iii) an estimate of the future loan prepayment rate of mortgage loans held for investment, which is used in the calculation of deferred origination and bond issuance cost amortization; (iv) the non-cash mark to market valuation of the interest rate swaps which economically hedge the Company’s securitization debt and (v) the fair market value of equity compensation awards. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Amounts on the consolidated statements of operations most affected by the use of estimates are the reserve for losses—loans sold (which is a component of gains on sales of mortgage loans, net), provision for loan losses—loans held for investment, interest income — loans held for investment, derivative valuations (which are a component of other income (expense)—portfolio derivatives), stock-based
6
compensation (which is a component of salaries and employee benefits) and deferred origination and bond issuance costs (which are components of net interest income after provision for loan losses for loans held for investment and gains on sales of mortgage loans, net, for loans held for sale).
(d) Concentration of Credit Risk
The non-conforming mortgage loans that the Company originates primarily consist of adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) loans, the payments on which are adjustable from time to time as interest rates change, generally after an initial two-year period during which the loans’ interest rates are fixed and do not change. After the initial fixed rate period, the borrowers’ payments on their ARM loans adjust once every six months to a pre-determined margin over a measure of market interest rates, generally the London InterBank Offered Rate (LIBOR) for one-month deposits. For the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, 42% and 55%, respectively, of non-conforming mortgage loan originations are ARM’s and also have an “interest only” feature for the first five years of the loan, so that the borrowers do not begin to repay the principal balance of the loans until after the fifth year of the loans. After the fifth year, the borrowers’ payments increase to amortize the entire principal balance owed over the remaining years of the loan.
These features will likely result in the borrowers’ payments increasing in the future. The interest adjustment feature generally will result in an increased payment after the second year of the loan and the interest only feature will result in an increased payment after the fifth year of the loan. Since these features will increase the debt service requirements of the borrowers, it may increase the risk of default on the Company’s investment portfolio of non-conforming loans for loans that remain in the Company’s portfolio for at least two years (relative to the ARM feature) or for five years (relative to the interest only feature).
For the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, 55% and 51%, respectively, of non-conforming loan originations, were underwritten with little or no supporting documentation of the borrowers’ income, under the Company’s “stated income” loan programs and “bank statement” programs. The Company mitigates its risk on “stated income” loans by establishing minimum credit score standards and evaluating otherwise the borrower’s income and cash flow. Based on its experiences with similar loans in the past, and on industry performance data, the Company believes its strict underwriting guidelines relating to non-conforming loans that are originated help the Company to evaluate a borrower’s credit history, willingness and ability to repay the loans, as well as the value and adequacy of the borrower’s collateral. The Company’s underwriting guidelines are designed to balance the credit risk of the borrower with the loan-to-value (LTV) and interest rate of the loan.
In addition, for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, 34% and 40%, respectively, of the non-conforming loan originations included loans secured by properties located in California. An overall decline in the economy or the residential real estate market, or the occurrence of a natural disaster in California could adversely affect the value of the mortgaged properties in that state and increase the risk of delinquency, foreclosure, bankruptcy or loss on the non-conforming mortgage loans in the Company’s investment portfolio. The Company’s non-conforming loan originations are concentrated heavily in California because it is the largest mortgage market in the U.S. and the Company believes that its underwriting, product design and pricing philosophies address the characteristics of California borrowers, which the Company believes to be non-standard credit profiles, interest in low downpayment products, payment-focused mortgages and higher home values.
(e) Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 156, “Accounting For Servicing of Financial Assets-an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140,” (Statement No. 156). Statement No. 156 amends Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,” (Statement No. 140), with respect to the accounting for separately recognized servicing rights. Statement No. 156 requires an entity to initially recognize, at fair value, a servicing asset or servicing liability each time it undertakes an
7
obligation to service a financial asset by entering into a servicing contract in certain situations. In addition, Statement No. 156 permits the subsequent measurement of servicing assets and servicing liabilities using the fair value method or the amortization method as prescribed under Statement No. 140. Statement No. 156 is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. The Company will adopt Statement No. 156, as applicable, beginning in fiscal year 2007. Management believes that the implementation of Statement No. 156 will not have a material effect on its results of operations, statements of condition or cash flows.
In February 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 155, “Accounting For Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments-an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140,” (Statement No. 155). Statement No. 155 amends Statement No. 133, to permit fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument with an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation, provided that the whole instrument is accounted for on a fair value basis. Statement No. 155 amends Statement No. 140 to allow a qualifying special-purpose entity to hold a derivative financial instrument that pertains to a beneficial interest other than another derivative financial instrument. Statement No. 155 is effective for all financial instruments acquired, issued or subject to a remeasurement (new basis) event occurring after the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. The Company will adopt Statement No. 155, as applicable, beginning in fiscal year 2007. Management believes that the implementation of Statement No. 155 will not have a material effect on its results of operations, statements of condition or cash flows.
In December 2005, the FASB issued Staff Position 94-6-1, “Terms of Loan Products That May Give Rise to a Concentration of Credit Risk,” (FSP 94-6-1). FSP 94-6-1 clarifies that loan products that expose an originator, holder, investor, guarantor or servicer to an increased risk of non-payment or not realizing the full value of the loan, such as non-traditional loan products, may result in a concentration of credit risk as defined in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” (Statement No. 107). FSP 94-6-1 also emphasizes the requirement to assess the adequacy of disclosures for all lending products (including both secured and unsecured loans) and the effect of changes in market or economic conditions on the adequacy of those disclosures. The guidance under FSP 94-6-1 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending on or after December 19, 2005 and for loan products that are determined to represent a concentration of credit risk, disclosure requirements of Statement No. 107 should be provided for all periods presented. The adoption of FSP 94-6-1 has not had a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In December 2004, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123R, “Share Based Payments” (Statement No. 123R), requiring, among other things, that the compensation cost of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees, which cost is based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the grant date, be reflected in the income statement over the requisite service period. In March 2005, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (SAB No. 107). SAB No. 107 expresses the views of the SEC regarding Statement No. 123R and certain rules and regulations and provides the SEC’s view regarding the valuation of share-based payment arrangements for public companies. In April 2005, the SEC amended the compliance dates for Statement No. 123R to the beginning of the next fiscal year after June 15, 2005. In November 2003, the Company adopted the fair value method of accounting for grants of stock options and restricted stock as prescribed by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure.” Under this method, compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the award’s vesting period. The Company adopted Statement No. 123R and SAB No. 107 as of January 1, 2006, which resulted in a change in the accounting for unearned compensation whereby the balance of unearned compensation as of December 31, 2005, and all subsequent unearned compensation transactions were recorded to additional paid-in capital on the consolidated statements of condition. The implementation of Statement No. 123R and SAB No. 107 has not had a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, statements of condition or cash flows.
8
(f) Reclassifications
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. In accordance with Statement No. 144, the Company has reclassified the operating results of the conforming wholesale and retail offices that were disposed of in the first quarter of 2006 as discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2005. Also included in these reclassifications is the reclassification of changes in restricted cash from cash flows from operating activities to cash flows from investing activities in the amounts of $1.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005.
(g) Restatement
In preparing the Company’s 2005 consolidated financial statements, the Company’s management identified errors in the accounting for income taxes related to the sale of loans by FMC, the Company’s TRS, to FIC, which operates as a REIT, in the fourth quarter of 2003 and the second quarter of 2005. In each of these periods, the Company had previously recognized the entire income tax expense related to the gain on sale earned by FMC on these sales of non-conforming loans to FIC for inclusion in its investment portfolio. However, the Company determined that it should have deferred the portion of the income tax expense related to the intercompany sale of those loans that remained on the Company’s consolidated statements of condition at each period end. Such deferred tax asset should have been recognized as expense over the life of the loans. As a result, the Company has restated the accompanying first quarter of 2005 condensed consolidated financial statements.
A summary of the significant effects of the restatement on the accompanying first quarter of 2005 condensed consolidated financial statements is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Condition:
| March 31, 2005 |
| ||
|
| Total |
| |
As previously reported |
| $ | 568,616 |
|
Income tax adjustment |
| 1,393 |
| |
As restated |
| $ | 570,009 |
|
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:
| Three Months Ended |
| ||||||
|
| Income Tax |
| Net |
| Earnings |
| |
As previously reported |
| $ | 941 |
| 42,104 |
| 0.87 |
|
Income tax adjustment |
| (350 | ) | (350 | ) | (0.01 | ) | |
As restated |
| $ | 591 |
| 41,754 |
| 0.86 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9
(2) Mortgage Loans Held for Sale and Reserve for Losses—Sold Loans
Mortgage loans that the Company acquires or originates with the intent to sell in the foreseeable future are initially recorded at cost including any premium paid or discount received, adjusted for the fair value change during the period in which the loan was an interest rate lock commitment. Loans held for sale are carried on the books at the lower of cost or market value calculated on an aggregate basis by type of loan. Mortgage loans held for sale, net, as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 are as follows (in thousands):
| March 31, |
| December 31, |
| ||
Mortgage loans held for sale |
| $ | 314,147 |
| 591,840 |
|
Net deferred origination costs |
| 880 |
| 1,547 |
| |
Premium, net of discount |
| 589 |
| 1,987 |
| |
Allowance for lower of cost or market value |
| (2,780 | ) | (1,105 | ) | |
Total |
| $ | 312,836 |
| 594,269 |
|
The Company maintains a reserve for its representation and warranty liabilities related to the sale of loans and for its contractual obligations to rebate a portion of any premium paid by an investor when a sold loan prepays within an agreed period. The reserve, which is recorded as a liability on the consolidated statements of condition, is established when loans are sold, and is calculated as the fair value of liabilities reasonably estimated to occur during the life of the related sold loans. The provision is recorded as a reduction of gain on sale of loans. At March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, mortgage loans held for sale included approximately $2.9 million and $1.7 million, respectively, of loans repurchased pursuant to the provisions described in the preceding sentence, net of valuation allowance. Net realized losses on sold loans, primarily related to early payment defaults, premium recaptures on early payoffs and representation and warranty liability totaled $3.9 million and $0.7 million, or 0.44% and 0.09% of total loan sales in the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
At March 31, 2006, the Company had $19.2 million of loans deemed to be unsaleable at standard sale premiums compared to $5.2 million at December 31, 2005. The Company recorded a valuation allowance of $2.8 million and $1.1 million, as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, for these loans unsaleable at standard sale premiums.
The reserve for losses—loans sold is summarized as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2006 (in thousands):
Balance at December 31, 2004 |
| $33,302 |
|
Provision. |
| 2,538 |
|
Realized losses |
| (762 | ) |
Recoveries |
| 21 |
|
Balance at March 31, 2005 |
| $35,099 |
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2005 |
| $35,082 |
|
Provision |
| 2,329 |
|
Realized losses |
| (3,963 | ) |
Recoveries |
| 49 |
|
Balance at March 31, 2006 |
| $33,497 |
|
Historically, the Company has experienced substantially all of its representation and warranty losses on loans sold during the first three years following the sale. The reserve for losses—loans sold as of March 31,
10
2006 and 2005 relate to loan sales primarily during the period of April 1, 2003 through March 31, 2006 of approximately $13.4 billion, and sales during the period April 1, 2002 through March 31, 2005 of approximately $13.4 billion, respectively.
(3) Mortgage Loans Held for Investment and Allowance for Loan Losses
The Company originates fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgage loans that have a contractual maturity of up to 40 years. These mortgage loans are initially recorded at cost including any premium or discount. These mortgage loans are financed with warehouse debt until they are pledged as collateral for securitization financing. The Company is exposed to risk of loss from its mortgage loan portfolio and establishes an allowance for loan losses taking into account a variety of criteria including the contractual delinquency status, market delinquency roll rates, and market historical loss severities. The adequacy of this allowance for loan loss is periodically evaluated and adjusted based on this review.
The following is a detail of the mortgage loans held for investment, net as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 (in thousands):
| March 31, |
| December 31, |
| ||
Securitized mortgage loans held for investment |
| $ | 5,186,624 |
| 5,043,762 |
|
Mortgage loans held for investment—warehouse financed |
| 309,081 |
| 486,454 |
| |
Net deferred origination fees and costs |
| 36,776 |
| 40,199 |
| |
Mortgage loans held for investment |
| 5,532,481 |
| 5,570,415 |
| |
Allowance for loan losses—loans held for investment |
| (45,744 | ) | (44,122 | ) | |
Mortgage loans held for investment, net |
| $ | 5,486,737 |
| 5,526,293 |
|
The allowance for loan losses—loans held for investment is summarized as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2005 and 2006 (in thousands):
Balance at December 31, 2004 |
| $22,648 |
|
Provision |
| 4,494 |
|
Charge—offs |
| (827 | ) |
Recoveries |
| 64 |
|
Balance at March 31, 2005 |
| $26,379 |
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2005 |
| $44,122 |
|
Provision |
| 5,393 |
|
Charge—offs |
| (3,771 | ) |
Recoveries |
| — |
|
Balance at March 31, 2006 |
| $45,744 |
|
Mortgage loans held for investment, which were on non-accrual status for interest income recognition due to delinquencies greater than ninety days, were $169.5 million and $61.7 million as of March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $150.3 million as of December 31, 2005, and averaged $168.7 million and $57.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $91.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2005. During the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company reversed previously accrued interest income relating to non-performing and delinquent loans, which would ordinarily have been recognized per contractual loan terms, of $2.2 million and $1.9 million, respectively.
11
At March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, approximately 39.8% and 41.3%, respectively, of mortgage loans held for investment were collateralized by properties located in the state of California.
(4) Warehouse Financing, Loans Held for Sale and Loans Held for Investment
At March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company had a total of $1.875 billion of warehouse lines of credit and repurchase facilities with six financial entities. Committed facilities comprise $1.825 billion of the total available, with uncommitted facilities totaling $0.050 billion. The facilities are short-term liabilities, secured by mortgage loans held for investment to be securitized, mortgage loans held for sale, the related investor commitments to purchase those loans held for sale, and all proceeds thereof.
Warehouse lines of credit and repurchase facilities consist of the following at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 (dollars in millions):
Agreements as of March 31, 2006 |
| Amount |
| ||||||||||
Lender |
|
|
| Amount |
| Maturity |
| March 31, |
| December 31, |
| ||
Countrywide Warehouse Lending |
| $ | 75.0 |
| August 2006 |
| $ | 2.2 |
| 34.3 |
| ||
Countrywide Early Purchase Program |
| 50.0 |
| Uncommitted |
| — |
| — |
| ||||
Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Capital* |
| 400.0 |
| April 2006 |
| 238.9 |
| 195.2 |
| ||||
Credit Suisse, New York Branch Commercial Paper Facility |
| 600.0 |
| July 2006 |
| 147.4 |
| 415.8 |
| ||||
JPMorgan Chase Bank |
| 150.0 |
| June 2006 |
| 60.2 |
| 53.9 |
| ||||
Lehman Brothers Bank |
| 300.0 |
| December 2006 |
| 25.9 |
| 51.7 |
| ||||
Merrill Lynch Bank USA |
| 300.0 |
| November 2006 |
| 37.7 |
| 61.9 |
| ||||
Total |
| $ | 1,875.0 |
|
|
| $ | 512.3 |
| 812.8 |
|
* The Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Capital facility has been renewed through April 2007.
The average outstanding amounts under these agreements were $769.6 million and $658.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and $876.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The maximum amount outstanding under these agreements at any month-end during the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 was $912.1 million and $843.7 million, respectively and $1.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2005. The weighted average interest rate on March 31, 2006, December 31, 2005 and March 31, 2005 was 5.3%, 4.7% and 3.7%, respectively. The interest rates are based on spreads to one month or overnight LIBOR, and are generally reset daily or weekly. The Company also pays facility fees based on the commitment amount and non-use fees.
12
The average outstanding amounts under these agreements relating to continuing operations were $723.0 million and $617.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. A summary of coupon interest expense and facilities fees, included in total interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, and the weighted average cost of funds of the warehouse lines of credit and repurchase facilities for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 is as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| ||||||||
|
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| |||||
|
| Amount |
| Weighted |
| Amount |
| Weighted |
| |
Coupon interest expense |
| $ | 8,360 |
| 4.6 | % | 5,062 |
| 3.3 | % |
Facilities fees |
| 609 |
| 0.4 | % | 833 |
| 0.5 | % | |
Total |
| $ | 8,969 |
| 5.0 | % | 5,895 |
| 3.8 | % |
The warehouse lines and repurchase facilities generally have a term of 364 days or less. Management expects to renew these lines of credit prior to their respective maturity dates. The credit facilities are secured by substantially all of the Company’s mortgage loans and contain customary financial and operating covenants that require the Company to maintain specified levels of liquidity and net worth, maintain specified levels of profitability, restrict indebtedness and investments and require compliance with applicable laws. The Company was in compliance with all of these covenants at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005.
(5) Securitization Financing
During the three months ended March 31, 2006, the Company issued $0.9 billion of mortgage-backed bonds through a securitization trust to finance the Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment. Interest rates reset monthly and are indexed to one-month LIBOR. The bonds pay interest monthly based upon a weighted average spread over LIBOR. The estimated average life of the bonds is approximately 20 months, and is based on estimates and assumptions made by management. The actual period from inception to maturity may differ from management’s expectations. The Company retains the option to repay the bonds when the remaining unpaid principal balance of the underlying mortgages loans for each pool falls below 20% of the original principal balance with the exception of FMIC Series 2003-1 which may be repaid when the principal balance falls below 10% of the original collateral amount. The securitization financings include a step up stipulation which provides that the bond margin over LIBOR will increase 1.5 to 2.0 times the original margin if the option to repay the bonds is not exercised, per the contractual provisions. The bonds are repaid from the cash flows derived from the mortgage loans pledged to the trust.
The following is a summary of the securitization issued by series during the three months ended March 31, 2006 (dollars in millions):
| FMIT |
| ||
Bonds issued |
| $ | 904 |
|
Loans pledged |
| $ | 933 |
|
Deferred bond issuance costs |
| $ | 3.1 |
|
Weighted average spread over LIBOR |
| 0.32 | % | |
Financing costs—LIBOR plus |
| 0.08% -2.30 | % |
During the first quarter of 2006, the FMIT Series 2006-1 securitization included a pre-funding whereby a portion of the collateral pledged to the trust was delivered in April 2006, subsequent to the March 2006 bond closing
13
date. The $233.0 million of bond proceeds, which were not collateralized at closing, were held in escrow by the trustee. The Company reported the pre-funding proceeds as a component of restricted cash in the condensed consolidated statements of condition as of March 31, 2006.
The average securitization financing outstanding was $4.8 billion and $4.2 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively and $4.4 billion for the year ended December 31, 2005. The unamortized bond issuance costs at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 were $12.1 million and $11.6 million, respectively.
A summary of coupon interest expense, amortization of deferred issuance costs and original issue discount, included in total interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations, and the weighted average cost of funds of the securitization financing for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 is as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| ||||||||
|
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| |||||
|
| Amount |
| Weighted |
| Amount |
| Weighted |
| |
Coupon interest expense |
| $ | 59,835 |
| 5.0 | % | 31,644 |
| 3.0 | % |
Amortization of deferred costs |
| 2,685 |
| 0.2 | % | 1,998 |
| 0.2 | % | |
Amortization of bond discount |
| 32 |
| 0.0 | % | 63 |
| 0.0 | % | |
Total |
| $ | 62,552 |
| 5.2 | % | 33,705 |
| 3.2 | % |
The Company also has the ability to finance the securities it retains in its securitizations (retained securities) through two repurchase facilities, each with an uncommitted amount of $200 million. The first facility is with Liquid Funding, Ltd., an affiliate of Bear Stearns Bank plc. The second facility is with Lehman Brothers, Inc. and Lehman Brothers Commercial Paper Inc. Each facility bears interest at an annual rate of LIBOR plus an additional percentage.
The following is a summary of the outstanding securitization bond financing and weighted average interest rate by series as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 (in thousands):
|
| March 31, 2006 |
| December 31, 2005 |
| ||||||
|
| Amount |
| Weighted |
| Amount |
| Weighted |
| ||
FMIT Series 2006-1 |
| $ | 904,078 |
| 5.0 | % | $ | — |
| — | % |
FMIT Series 2005-3 |
| 1,059,345 |
| 5.1 | % | 1,089,820 |
| 4.7 | % | ||
FMIT Series 2005-2 |
| 827,101 |
| 5.1 | % | 872,455 |
| 4.7 | % | ||
FMIT Series 2005-1 |
| 490,093 |
| 5.2 | % | 555,650 |
| 4.7 | % | ||
FMIT Series 2004-5 |
| 528,439 |
| 5.3 | % | 595,481 |
| 4.9 | % | ||
FMIT Series 2004-4 |
| 466,142 |
| 5.3 | % | 518,283 |
| 4.9 | % | ||
FMIT Series 2004-3 |
| 482,777 |
| 5.3 | % | 523,296 |
| 4.9 | % | ||
FMIT Series 2004-2 |
| 276,494 |
| 5.5 | % | 377,500 |
| 4.9 | % | ||
FMIT Series 2004-1 (*) |
| 100,400 |
| 5.8 | % | 233,977 |
| 5.0 | % | ||
FMIC Series 2003-1 |
| 61,285 |
| 6.9 | % | 83,308 |
| 6.1 | % | ||
|
| 5,196,154 |
| 5.2 | % | 4,849,770 |
| 4.8 | % | ||
Unamortized bond discount |
| (42 | ) |
|
| (74 | ) |
|
| ||
Subtotal securitization bond financing |
| 5,196,112 |
|
|
| 4,849,696 |
|
|
| ||
Liquid Funding repurchase facility |
| 45,154 |
|
|
| 86,079 |
|
|
| ||
Lehman Brothers repurchase facility |
| — |
|
|
| 62,845 |
|
|
| ||
Total securitization financing |
| $ | 5,241,266 |
|
|
| $ | 4,998,620 |
|
|
|
(*) FMIT Series 2004-1 was called and paid in full in April 2006. See Note 12.
14
The current carrying amount of the mortgage loans pledged to the trusts was $5.2 billion and $5.0 billion as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively.
(6) Derivatives and Hedging Activities
In conjunction with the financing of its portfolio of loans held for investment, the Company entered into interest rate swaps designed to be economic hedges of the floating rate debt of the warehouse and securitization debt. At March 31, 2006, the fair value of 30 interest rate swaps with positive fair values was $36.9 million. At December 31, 2005, the fair value of 26 interest rate swaps with positive fair values was $35.2 million and the fair value of three swaps with negative fair values was $(0.2) million, for a net fair value of $35.0 million. The swaps are not classified as cash flow hedges under Statement No. 133, and therefore, the mark to market valuation increase of $1.9 million and $20.6 million has been included in current period earnings during the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
In conjunction with the Company’s FMIT Series 2003-1 securitization, the Company purchased an interest rate cap agreement by paying a premium of $3.0 million, determined to be an economic hedge of the floating rate debt of the security. The mark to market valuation increase of $70.0 thousand has been included in current period earnings during the three months ended March 31, 2005. During the fourth quarter of 2005, the interest rate cap expired.
The amounts of cash settlements and non-cash changes in value that were included in “Other income (expense)—portfolio derivatives” is as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):
| Three Months |
| ||||
|
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| |
Non-cash changes in fair value |
| $ | 1,894 |
| 20,628 |
|
Net cash settlements on existing derivatives |
| 10,264 |
| (1,295 | ) | |
Net cash settlements received (paid) to terminate derivatives prior to final maturity |
| — |
| 1,009 |
| |
Other income (expense)—portfolio derivatives |
| $ | 12,158 |
| 20,342 |
|
(7) Discontinued Operations
On January 13, 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan of disposal to sell, close or otherwise dispose of the assets of its conforming retail and conforming wholesale segments. In February 2006, the assets pertaining to the conforming division’s headquarters office, all wholesale offices and certain of its retail offices were sold to third parties. The remaining assets of the conforming segment, which include retail offices in Maryland and Virginia, have been combined with the Company’s non-conforming retail offices, which will offer a range of non-conforming and conforming loan products. The pre-tax loss on disposal was $0.9 million and is included in discontinued operations, net of income tax, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The provisions of Statement No. 144 require the results of operations associated with the conforming wholesale and conforming retail offices that were disposed to be classified as discontinued operations, net of income tax and segregated from the Company’s continuing results of operations for all periods presented.
15
Operating results of discontinued operations, net of income tax included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations are summarized as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended |
| |||
|
| March 31, |
| March 31, |
|
Revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income |
| $ 839 |
| 1,085 |
|
Interest expense |
| 657 |
| 421 |
|
Net interest income |
| 182 |
| 664 |
|
Gains on sales of mortgage loans, net |
| (188 | ) | 1,200 |
|
Fees and other income |
| 41 |
| 107 |
|
Total revenues |
| 35 |
| 1,971 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
Salaries and employee benefits |
| 1,692 |
| 2,038 |
|
Occupancy |
| 272 |
| 296 |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
| 104 |
| 35 |
|
General and administration |
| 727 |
| 677 |
|
Total expenses |
| 2,795 |
| 3,046 |
|
Discontinued operations before income taxes |
| (2,760 | ) | (1,075 | ) |
Income tax benefit |
| 1,115 |
| 434 |
|
Discontinued operations, net of income tax |
| $ (1,645 | ) | (641 | ) |
The impact of discontinued operations on cash flows from operating, cash flows from investing and cash flows from financing activities are separately presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005.
(8) Segment Information
The information presented below with respect to the Company’s reportable segments is consistent with the content of the business segment data provided to the Company’s management. This segment data uses a combination of business lines and channels to assess consolidated results. The Company has four reportable segments, which include two production segments, Wholesale and Retail, and two operating segments, which include Investment Portfolio, and Corporate. Prior to the first quarter of 2006, the Company reported two additional production segments referred to as its Conforming Wholesale and Conforming Retail segments. In the first quarter of 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a plan of disposal to sell, close or otherwise dispose of the assets of the Conforming Wholesale and Conforming Retail segments due to the decline in profitability of these segments. In February 2006, the Company sold the assets pertaining to its conforming division’s headquarters, wholesale offices, and certain retail offices to third parties. The remaining assets of the conforming segment, which included retail offices in Maryland and Virginia, have been combined with our non-conforming retail offices and will be reported as a component of the Company’s Retail segment. The following discussion of results reflects the Company’s continuing Wholesale and Retail segments only,
16
while the results of its former Conforming Wholesale and Conforming Retail segments are reported herein as discontinued operations.
The Company originates loans through two production segments: a wholesale segment which originates non-conforming loans and a retail segment, which originates non-conforming and conforming loans. The Investment Portfolio segment primarily includes the net interest income earned by the loans held for investment and the direct costs, including third-party servicing fees, incurred to manage the portfolio. In addition, the Company has a Corporate segment that includes the timing and other differences between actual revenues and costs and amounts allocated to the production segments. The Corporate segment also includes the effects of the deferral and capitalization of net origination costs as required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 91, “Accounting for Non-refundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases.” Financial information by segment is evaluated regularly by management and used in decision-making relating to the allocation of resources and the assessment of Company performance. For the purposes of segment information provided in the tables below, certain fees, origination costs, and other expenses recorded as a component of gains on sale of mortgage loans, net, have been reflected in total revenues or total expenses consistent with intercompany allocations reported to the Company’s management. Also, origination fees and gain on sale revenue are recognized at the time of funding by the production segments, and adjusted in the corporate segment to reflect the actual fees and gain on sale recognizable for GAAP revenue reporting, when the loans are sold. The Corporate segment includes reconciling amounts necessary for the segment totals to agree to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
The assets of the Company that are specifically identified to a segment include mortgage loans held for sale and investment, net, trustee receivable, derivative assets and furniture and equipment, net. All other assets are attributed to the Corporate segment. Total assets by segment at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 are summarized as follows (in thousands):
| March 31, |
| December 31, |
| |
Production — Wholesale |
| $ 274,081 |
| 526,914 |
|
Production — Retail |
| 42,161 |
| 70,632 |
|
Investment Portfolio |
| 5,643,455 |
| 5,691,744 |
|
Corporate |
| 390,048 |
| 134,324 |
|
Total |
| $ 6,349,745 |
| 6,423,614 |
|
17
Operating results by business segment for the three months ended March 31, 2006 are as follows (in thousands):
|
| Production |
| Investment |
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
| Wholesale |
| Retail |
| Portfolio |
| Corporate |
| Consolidated |
|
Revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income |
| $ 6,064 |
| 1,018 |
| 95,113 |
| (481 | ) | $ 101,714 |
|
Interest expense |
| 3,265 |
| 565 |
| 68,916 |
| (1,225 | ) | 71,521 |
|
Net interest income |
| 2,799 |
| 453 |
| 26,197 |
| 744 |
| 30,193 |
|
Provision for loan losses—loans held for investment |
| — |
| — |
| (5,393 | ) | — |
| (5,393 | ) |
Gains on sales of mortgage loans, net |
| 17,170 |
| 6,755 |
| — |
| (13,630 | ) | 10,295 |
|
Other income (expense)—portfolio derivatives |
| — |
| — |
| 12,158 |
| — |
| 12,158 |
|
Fee and other income |
| — |
| 449 |
| (238 | ) | 139 |
| 350 |
|
Total revenues |
| 19,969 |
| 7,657 |
| 32,724 |
| (12,747 | ) | 47,603 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Direct expenses |
| 17,755 |
| 8,912 |
| 2,899 |
| 4,193 |
| 33,759 |
|
Corporate overhead allocation |
| 4,200 |
| 728 |
| — |
| (4,928 | ) | — |
|
Total expenses |
| 21,955 |
| 9,640 |
| 2,899 |
| (735 | ) | 33,759 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes |
| (1,986 | ) | (1,983 | ) | 29,825 |
| (12,012 | ) | 13,844 |
|
Income tax benefit |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 729 |
| 729 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
| $ (1,986 | ) | (1,983 | ) | 29,825 |
| (11,283 | ) | 14,573 |
|
Discontinued operations, net of income tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (1,645 | ) |
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| $ 12,928 |
|
18
Operating results by business segment for the three months ended March 31, 2005 are as follows (in thousands):
|
| Production |
| Investment |
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
| Wholesale |
| Retail |
| Portfolio |
| Corporate |
| Consolidated |
|
Revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income |
| $ 6,018 |
| 1,011 |
| 82,836 |
| (2,742 | ) | $ 87,123 |
|
Interest expense |
| 3,075 |
| 533 |
| 38,608 |
| (2,616 | ) | 39,600 |
|
Net interest income |
| 2,943 |
| 478 |
| 44,228 |
| (126 | ) | 47,523 |
|
Provision for loan losses—loans held for investment |
| — |
| — |
| (4,494 | ) | — |
| (4,494 | ) |
Gains on sales of mortgage loans, net |
| 21,983 |
| 7,513 |
| — |
| (21,027 | ) | 8,469 |
|
Other income (expense)—portfolio derivatives |
| — |
| — |
| 20,342 |
| — |
| 20,342 |
|
Fee and other income |
| — |
| 435 |
| (201 | ) | 52 |
| 286 |
|
Total revenues |
| 24,926 |
| 8,426 |
| 59,875 |
| (21,101 | ) | 72,126 |
|
Direct expenses |
| 16,827 |
| 9,143 |
| 2,985 |
| 933 |
| 29,888 |
|
Corporate overhead allocation |
| 4,322 |
| 809 |
| — |
| (5,131 | ) | — |
|
Total expenses |
| 21,149 |
| 9,952 |
| 2,985 |
| (4,198 | ) | 29,888 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes |
| 3,777 |
| (1,526 | ) | 56,890 |
| (16,903 | ) | 42,238 |
|
Income tax benefit |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| 157 |
| 157 |
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
| $ 3,777 |
| (1,526 | ) | 56,890 |
| (16,746 | ) | 42,395 |
|
Discontinued operations, net of income tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (641 | ) |
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| $ 41,754 |
|
19
(9) Earnings Per Share
Information relating to the calculations of earnings per share (EPS) of common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 is summarized as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| ||
|
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
|
Basic earnings per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations |
| $ 14,573 |
| 42,395 |
|
Dividends on unvested restricted stock |
| (78 | ) | — |
|
Income from continuing operations available to common shareholders |
| 14,495 |
| 42,395 |
|
Discontinued operations, net of income tax |
| (1,645 | ) | (641 | ) |
Net income available to common shareholders |
| $ 12,850 |
| 41,754 |
|
Weighted average shares outstanding |
| 48,274 |
| 48,462 |
|
Basic earnings per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing operations |
| $ 0.30 |
| 0.87 |
|
Discontinued operations |
| (0.03 | ) | (0.01 | ) |
Total |
| $ 0.27 |
| 0.86 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted earnings per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations |
| $ 14,573 |
| 42,395 |
|
Dividends on unvested restricted stock |
| (78 | ) | — |
|
Income from continuing operations available to common shareholders |
| 14,495 |
| 42,395 |
|
Discontinued operations, net of income tax |
| (1,645 | ) | (641 | ) |
Net income available to common shareholders |
| $ 12,850 |
| 41,754 |
|
Weighted average shares outstanding |
| 48,274 |
| 48,462 |
|
Dilutive effect of options and restricted stock |
| — |
| 58 |
|
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted |
| 48,274 |
| 48,520 |
|
Diluted earnings per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing operations |
| $ 0.30 |
| 0.87 |
|
Discontinued operations |
| (0.03 | ) | (0.01 | ) |
Total |
| $ 0.27 |
| 0.86 |
|
20
Effects of potentially dilutive securities are presented only in periods in which they are dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2006, all stock options, at a strike price range of $11.60 to $19.25, and all shares of unvested restricted stock were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For the three months ended March 31, 2005, all stock options, at a strike price range of $15.00 to $19.25 were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share. These stock options and restricted stock would have an antidilutive effect on earnings per share.
(10) Stock-Based Compensation
Under the Company’s Equity Incentive Plan (the “Stock Plan”) approved by the Board of Directors and shareholders in November 2003, an aggregate of 2.7 million of share options or shares of the Company’s stock may be awarded to employees, outside directors and consultants and to any other individual whose participation in the plan is determined to be in the best interests of the Company by the Compensation Committee of FIC’s Board of Directors. Awards of common stock will be made with currently authorized but not issued common stock.
As of January 1, 2006, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment,” (Statement No. 123R). In accordance with Statement No. 123R, the Company expenses its stock-based compensation by applying the fair value method to stock-based compensation. Prior to the adoption of Statement No. 123R, the Company elected to expense its stock-based compensation by applying the fair value method to stock-based compensation in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (Statement No. 123). The adoption of Statement No. 123R did not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations or cash flows. In accordance with Statement No. 123R, the balance of unearned compensation as of January 1, 2006, included in the Company’s consolidated statements of condition, has been reclassified as a reduction to paid-in capital.
(a) Stock Options
Under the Stock Plan, the exercise price of each stock option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. Stock options typically vest ratably over a four-year period with a term fixed by the compensation committee not to exceed ten years from the date of grant. Stock options with accompanying dividend equivalent rights (“Options with DERs”) typically cliff vest approximately four years from the date of grant with a term fixed by the compensation committee not to exceed seven years from the date of grant. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option
21
pricing model, which takes into account as of the grant date the exercise price and expected life of the option, its expected volatility, expected dividends on the stock and the risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option.
On February 16 and 21, 2006, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, pursuant to the Stock Plan, granted to certain key officers and employees 162,000 non-qualified stock options with accompanying dividend equivalent rights. The exercise price was $11.60, which was the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. One hundred percent of the options vest on March 31, 2010 with a term expiring on March 31, 2013. While the option is unvested, dividend equivalents are earned based on the number of option shares held and are deemed invested in phantom shares of the Company’s common stock at the closing price of the stock on the dividend payment date. The phantom shares also will be credited with dividend equivalent rights at the same time and in the same amount as cash dividends are paid on the Company’s common stock. The total value of dividend equivalents, adjusted for the change in value of the phantom shares from date of issuance through vest date, will be paid in cash at the time the option vests.
The following table summarizes the weighted average fair value of the Options with DERs granted in the three months ended March 31, 2006, determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
Fair value, at date of grant |
| $ 4.71 |
|
Expected life in years |
| 5.5 |
|
Annual risk-free interest rate |
| 4.6 | % |
Expected volatility |
| 35 | % |
Expected forfeitures |
| 20 | % |
The following table summarizes stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2006:
Options |
| Shares |
| Weighted |
| Weighted |
| Aggregate |
|
Outstanding at January 1, 2006 |
| 826,500 |
| $ 14.86 |
| 8.0 |
|
|
|
Granted |
| 162,000 |
| 11.60 |
| 10.0 |
|
|
|
Exercised |
| — |
| — |
| — |
|
|
|
Forfeited or expired |
| (29,500 | ) | 14.81 |
| 7.9 |
|
|
|
Outstanding at March 31, 2006 |
| 959,000 |
| 14.31 |
| 8.4 |
| $ 32,400 |
|
Exercisable at March 31, 2006 |
| 382,850 |
| 15.26 |
| 7.7 |
| $ — |
|
The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2006 was $4.71. No options were granted in the first quarter of 2005. Total compensation expense relating to stock option issuance of $0.1 million was recorded in salaries and employee benefits expense for each of the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005. As of March 31, 2006, there was $1.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested options granted under the Stock Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a period of four years.
(b) Restricted Stock
On February 16, 2006, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, pursuant to the Stock Plan, granted 45,000 shares of restricted stock to the Company’s newly appointed chief financial officer, valued at $11.90 per share. The restricted stock vests ratably over a four-year period beginning December 31, 2006.
On February 21, 2006, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, pursuant to the Stock Plan, awarded a maximum of 83,400 shares of restricted stock to certain of the Company’s senior officers subject to a level of achievement of certain corporate performance objectives (the “performance shares”). The
22
performance shares were valued at $8.35 per share, with one hundred percent of any earned performance shares to vest on March 31, 2010. The performance shares are shares of restricted stock that are subject to vesting requirements and can be earned based primarily on the Company’s achievement of certain return on equity targets for the period January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2007.
The following table summarizes restricted stock activity for the three months ended March 31, 2006:
Restricted Stock |
| Shares |
| Weighted |
|
Outstanding at January 1, 2006 |
| 467,225 |
| $ 15.18 |
|
Granted |
| 45,000 |
| 11.90 |
|
Forfeited |
| (22,500 | ) | (15.00 | ) |
Outstanding at March 31, 2006 |
| 489,725 |
| $ 14.89 |
|
All of the restricted stock awards are expensed on a straight-line method over the scheduled vesting period. Total compensation expense relating to the issuance of shares of restricted stock of $0.4 million and $0.4 million was recorded in salaries and employee benefits expense for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. As of March 31, 2006, there was $4.5 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock granted under the Stock Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a period of four years.
A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock as of March 31, 2006 and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2006 is presented below:
Nonvested Restricted Stock |
| Shares |
| Weighted |
|
Nonvested at January 1, 2006 |
| 240,000 |
| $ 15.18 |
|
Granted |
| 45,000 |
| 11.90 |
|
Vested |
| — |
| — |
|
Forfeited |
| (22,500 | ) | 15.00 |
|
Nonvested at March 31, 2006 |
| 262,500 |
| $ 14.64 |
|
(11) Commitments and Contingencies
(a) Loan Commitments
At March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company had origination commitments outstanding to fund approximately $451 million and $422 million in mortgage loans, respectively. Fixed rate and hybrid ARM mortgages which are fixed for the initial two to three year term of the loan, comprised 97.5% and 97.0%, respectively, of the outstanding origination commitments. The Company had forward delivery commitments to sell approximately $0.5 billion and $1.3 billion of loans at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, of which $67.5 million and $745.9 million, respectively, were mandatory sales of mortgage-backed securities and investor whole loan trades. At March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the Company had a commitment to sell $415 million and $580 million, respectively, of treasury note forward contracts, used to economically hedge the interest rate risk of its non-conforming loans.
(b) Legal Matters
Because the nature of the Company’s business involves the collection of numerous accounts, the validity of liens and compliance with various state and federal lending and consumer protection laws, the Company is subject to various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business related to foreclosures, bankruptcies,
23
condemnation and quiet title actions and alleged statutory and regulatory violations. The Company is also subject to other legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business related to employee matters. All of these ordinary course proceedings, individually or taken as a whole, are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.
Arredondo Litigation:
Arredondo, et al. v. Fieldstone Investment, et al., is an action filed on August 3, 2004 in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona by nine former employees of Fieldstone Mortgage Company alleging that their supervisors and co-workers created a hostile work environment resulting from gender discrimination, racial discrimination and retaliation in the workplace. Plaintiffs claim that they are entitled to money damages in the form of back pay and front pay and nominal, compensatory and punitive damages, costs and attorney fees and equitable relief.
The Company filed its answer denying all relevant claims on August 25, 2004. In addition, the Company filed a variety of motions seeking to have some of the plaintiffs dismissed from the lawsuit for failure to exhaust their administrative remedies, to dismiss other claims as not being permitted under the statute, and finally to sever the plaintiffs for trial purposes. Plaintiffs filed a response to the Company’s motion to dismiss, sever or in the alternative, bifurcate, and on April 18, 2005, the Company’s motion to dismiss was denied. The discovery process continues and is currently required to be completed by the end of May 2006. On December 27, 2005, the named Plaintiff, Berinda Arredondo, requested to be, and was, dismissed from the litigation.
Due to the uncertain nature of the litigation at this time, the Company is unable to estimate the probable outcome of this matter. The plaintiffs in this matter have not specified damages sought and therefore the Company is unable to estimate potential exposure.
Bass Litigation:
On May 24, 2004, all of the Company’s former shareholders whose shares were redeemed following the closing of the 144A Offering (the “Former Shareholders”), filed an action in the District Court of Tarrant County, Texas, against Fieldstone Investment Corporation, Fieldstone Mortgage and KPMG LLP (KPMG), alleging that the Former Shareholders whose shares were redeemed for approximately $188.1 million, are entitled to an additional post-closing redemption price payment of approximately $19.0 million. On September 9, 2004, KPMG served its response to plaintiffs’ request for disclosure, stating, among other things, that KPMG has determined that the deferred tax asset, which is reflected in the Company’s December 31, 2003 audited financial statements, should have been reflected in the Company’s financial statements as of November 13, 2003, the day immediately prior to the closing of the 144A Offering. At the present time, the ultimate outcome of this claim and the amount of liability, if any, that may result is not determinable, and no amounts have been accrued in the Company’s financial statements with respect to this claim. On October 28, 2005, the Company served a cross claim against KPMG. The cross claim asserts, among other claims, that KPMG’s withdrawal of its audit report on the November 13, 2003 balance sheet was improper and that due to this improper withdrawal the Company suffered damages. In addition, the cross claim asserts that in the event the Former Shareholders prevail in their suit, KPMG negligently advised the Company regarding the November 13, 2003 balance sheet giving rise to this dispute. The cross claim seeks a judgment against KPMG in an amount in excess of $1 million, plus prejudgment interest for the attorneys fees and costs incurred in this lawsuit. A tria1 date has been scheduled for October 9, 2006.
The Company intends to vigorously defend against the claim made by the Former Shareholders described above. If the Company ultimately is unsuccessful in defending this matter, the Company could be required to make a cash payment of up to $19.0 million to the Former Shareholders, plus potential interest and third-party costs associated with the litigation. Excluding interest or third-party costs, which may be payable as part of a settlement, the potential payment will be an increase in the redemption price of their shares and recorded as a reduction of the Company’s paid-in capital in the period in which the dispute is resolved and will be paid out of the Company’s working capital and will not be reflected in the Company’s income statement.
24
Rhodes Litigation:
On January 9, 2006, a class action lawsuit was filed naming Fieldstone Mortgage in the Northern District of Illinois (Eastern Division) alleging violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”). The class action is entitled Rhodes v. Fieldstone Mortgage Company. Plaintiff alleges that Fieldstone Mortgage violated the firm offer of credit guidelines encapsulated in 15 U.S.C. §1681 et seq. during its mail marketing campaign in or around April 2005. Specifically, Plaintiff alleges that Fieldstone Mortgage did not comply with the statutory guidelines in providing a firm offer of credit to the potential consumer. Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. §1681 et seq., statutory damages can range from $100 to $1,000 per mailing in the event that the violation is deemed willful. No motion for class certification has yet been filed in this case. Fieldstone Mortgage filed a motion to dismiss/motion to strike pursuant to Federal Rule 12(b)(6) for the injunctive relief portion of the compliant. This action is in the initial stage of discovery.
Due to the uncertain nature of the litigation at this time, the Company is unable to estimate the probable outcome of this matter. While the Company intends to continue to vigorously defend this claim and believes the Company has meritorious defenses available, there can be no assurance the Company will prevail and that an adverse outcome would not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations.
For information on other legal proceedings, see the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.
(12) Subsequent Event
During March 2006, the unpaid principal balance of the loans collateralizing FMIT Series 2004-1 fell below 20% of the original principal cut-off balance of the collateral, permitting Fieldstone Servicing Corp. to exercise its right of optional termination of the financing. Management reviewed the performance of mortgage loans in the financing trust and related cost of financing and subsequently delivered notice in April 2006 to the FMIT Series 2004-1 trustee and bondholders of the exercise of the Company’s option to purchase the mortgage loans, REO property, and any other property remaining in the trust at the next payment date. The Company paid $100.4 million to third-party bondholders on April 25, 2006. The underlying collateral will remain on the consolidated statement of condition as unsecuritized loans held for investment.
25
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity and capital resources should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” each contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.
Safe Harbor for Forward-Looking Statements
Statements contained in this Form 10-Q which are not historical facts may be forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date this Form 10-Q is filed with the SEC.
The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us or are within our control. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. These statements (none of which is intended as a guarantee of performance) are subject to certain risks and uncertainties which could cause our actual future results, achievements or transactions to differ materially from those projected or anticipated. Some of the important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or financial condition to differ materially from expectations are:
· our ability to successfully implement or change aspects of our portfolio strategy;
· interest rate volatility and the level of interest rates generally;
· the sustainability of loan origination volumes and levels of origination costs;
· continued availability of credit facilities for the origination of mortgage loans;
· the ability to sell or securitize mortgage loans on favorable economic terms;
· deterioration in the credit quality of our loan portfolio;
· the nature and amount of competition;
· the impact of changes to the fair value of our interest rate swaps on our net income, which will vary based upon changes in interest rates and could cause net income to vary significantly from quarter to quarter; and
· the other factors set forth in our filings, from time to time, with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.
We are a mortgage real estate investment trust (REIT) that invests in non-conforming loans originated by our wholly owned subsidiary, Fieldstone Mortgage Company (FMC), which we finance by issuing mortgage-backed securities. Through FMC, we originate, service and sell non-conforming single-family residential mortgage loans through our wholesale origination channel and both non-conforming and conforming single-family residential mortgage loans through our retail origination channel.
26
Our primary sources of income are the interest income on our loans held for investment net of the interest expense of financing those loans, the cash gains on sales of mortgage loans that we choose not to hold for investment which include originations fees collected at funding, and the net interest income on loans held for sale during the period from origination to date of sale.
During the three months ended March 31, 2006, our net income was $12.9 million as compared to $41.8 million in the three months ended March 31, 2005, down primarily due to a $18.7 million decrease in the mark to market valuation change in the derivatives we use to economically hedge the financing costs of our loans held for investment, and a $7.5 million decrease in the revenue related to our investment portfolio of non-conforming mortgages. The net cash settlements on our interest swaps and cap used to economically hedge our securitization financing costs, which are reported as a component of other income (expense) portfolio derivatives, plus the net interest income before loss provision on loans held for investment, decreased to $36.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2006 from $43.9 million in the same period in 2005, primarily due to a decrease in our average first quarter 2006 net interest income margin, partially offset by a higher portfolio balance. Net interest margin plus the net cash received on our swaps, declined to 2.6% in the first quarter of 2006 from 3.6% in the comparable period last year, while our older, lower rate swaps expired and new swaps were added to the portfolio at higher rates. The margins available on new loans narrowed, as intense market competition for new loans did not permit coupons on new originations to increase at the same rate as the increase in financing costs.
Our portfolio of loans held for investment, net, remained at $5.5 billion at March 31, 2006 as the amount of new loans added to the portfolio during the quarter was offset by loan prepayments. We intend to continue to build our portfolio by retaining the majority of our non-conforming fundings. The percentage of loans we retain for the portfolio in any given period will vary based upon the size of the portfolio we hold, prepayments during the quarter and the availability of loans which meet our cash flow, credit and projected return criteria. As of March 31, 2006, our financing debt on the loans held in our portfolio was 10.6 times our equity. Based on the current size of our portfolio and management’s estimates and assumptions regarding expected future origination levels and market factors, we believe we can achieve by year end our target portfolio debt to equity ratio on our portfolio of at least 13 times our equity, adjusted for the non-cash mark to market of our portfolio derivatives.
We use interest rate swaps and caps to economically hedge the variable rate financing costs for the fixed rate period of our two and three year hybrid ARM mortgage loans held for investment. Because these derivatives are not designated as cash flow hedges under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” (Statement No. 133) changes in the fair market value of the swaps and caps are recognized in current period earnings and reported in our consolidated statement of operations in “Other income (expense)—portfolio derivatives.” We cannot predict the future path of interest rates, nor can we predict the magnitude by which these changes in the fair market value of our swaps and cap could cause our total revenue and net income to increase or decrease significantly during periods of interest rate volatility.
In the first quarter of 2006, we disposed of the majority of the assets of our conforming retail and conforming wholesale segments, based upon the declining trend in the segments’ profitability in 2005 and 2004, as increased competition and depressed margins due to rising interest rates reduced the funding volumes and income contribution of those segments. In February 2006, we sold the assets pertaining to our conforming division’s headquarters office, all of its wholesale offices and certain of its retail offices to third parties. The remaining conforming retail offices in Maryland and Virginia have been combined with our non-conforming retail offices, which will offer a range of non-conforming and conforming loan products. The pre-tax loss on disposal was $0.9 million.
Our continuing operations originated $1.0 billion of mortgage loans during the three months ended March 31, 2006, a 12% reduction from the $1.1 billion originated by our continuing operations during the same period in 2005. Our origination volumes declined in 2006 as a result of continued competition for new loan originations during the quarter. The Mortgage Bankers Association of America forecasted that total mortgage
27
originations in the first quarter of 2006 would be approximately 12% lower than the first quarter of 2005. We added offices and personnel to our mortgage origination franchise during 2005 to offset the effect of competition and a declining market on originations.
Our continuing operations reported a net cost to produce of 3.52% in the three months ended March 31 2006, an increase from the 3.07% in the three months ended March 31, 2005. The cost to produce in the first quarter of 2006 included 0.38% additional expenses related to production sales force increases, and 0.25% of additional home office expense primarily related to incremental legal and accounting costs. These cost increases were partially offset by a 0.19% decrease in the net premiums paid on new originations during the quarter.
Restatement of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
We have restated our condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2005 to correct an error in the accounting for income taxes related to the sale of loans by FMC, our taxable REIT subsidiary, to FIC, which operates as a REIT, in the fourth quarter of 2003 and the second quarter of 2005. In each of these periods, we had previously recognized the entire income tax expense related to the gain on sale earned by FMC on these sales to FIC for inclusion in its investment portfolio. However, we determined that we should have deferred the portion of the income tax expense related to the intercompany sale, because the loans remained on our consolidated statements of condition at period end. The deferred tax asset should have been recognized as expense over the life of the loans. See Note 1(g) “Restatement” to the condensed consolidated financial statements, which is included in Part I, Item 1 of this report. The correction of these errors resulted in a cumulative increase to accumulated earnings and shareholders’ equity of $1.4 million as of March 31, 2005. As of March 31, 2006, and 2005, the balance of the deferred tax asset related to the intercompany loan sales was $1.2 million and $1.4 million, respectively.
This restatement of our income tax expense has no effect on our REIT taxable income, which is the basis for determining the dividends we pay to our stockholders. In addition, the entry to correct the accounting error did not result in (i) a change to our cash position, (ii) a default under any of our credit facilities, (iii) a change to our reported non-GAAP financial measures relating to cost to produce and core net interest income and margin, or (iv) a change to our federal or state tax liability for any of the periods restated. For tax accounting purposes, the gain on sale was reported correctly as taxable income on the tax return of FMC. The following discussion contained in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” gives effect to the restatement discussed in Note 1(g) to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Key Components of Financial Results of Operations
Revenues
Our revenues are based primarily on the spread between the interest income we receive from the loans we fund for investment and the interest expense on the debt financing these loans, sale margins on our loans held for sale, the rate of prepayment of our mortgage loans held for investment, credit losses on our investment portfolio, and origination volumes. During periods of rising interest rates, we would generally increase the mortgage interest rates we charge on our loan originations, but we will also experience an increase in our costs of borrowing to finance the loans. If the rise in borrowing costs is greater than the coupon on new originations of loans held for investment, net interest income spread will be lower on new loans which replace older loans originated and financed at higher net interest income spreads in the portfolio that have prepaid. Rising interest rates may lead to decreases in loan prepayments of our hybrid adjustable-rate mortgages during the initial loan period in which our borrowers pay a fixed interest rate, generally during the first two to three years of the loan,
28
but increase prepayments at or near the reset date of the loan, when the coupon resets to a six-month LIBOR-based ARM reflecting the higher market rates. Decreases in prepayment speeds result in lower prepayment fee income, but offer other potential expense reductions in the form of decreases to the rate of amortization of deferred origination costs and bond issuance costs, which are recorded as a reduction in yield.
Expenses
The principal factors which lead to changes in our expenses are funding volumes, the number of production facilities we operate, our staffing required to support our origination platform, the balance of our investment portfolio incurring third-party servicing fee expense and the corporate overhead required to support a public company. As loan volumes increase, we generally would expect salaries and employee benefit expenses to increase as well as variable loan related expenses. There are also increased costs related to compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, SEC and investor reporting and accounting and legal fees. We also expect expenses to increase as the final development phase of our new loan origination software system is completed, which is expected in the second and third quarters of 2006, and thereafter, as the capitalized development costs for the final phase begin to be amortized.
We consider the policies discussed below to be critical to an understanding of our financial statements because their application places the most significant demands on the judgment of our management, with financial reporting results relying on estimates and assumptions about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. Specific risks for these critical accounting policies are described in the following paragraphs. While we believe that the estimates and assumptions management utilizes in preparing our financial statements are reasonable, such estimates and assumptions routinely require periodic adjustment. Actual results could differ from our estimates, and these differences could be significant.
Securitizations
We must comply with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,” (Statement No. 140) relating to each securitization. Depending on the structure of the securitization, it will either be treated as a sale or secured financing for financial statement purposes. We account for our securitizations of mortgage loans as secured financings, and accordingly, we include the securitized mortgage loans on our books as mortgage loans held for investment. The loans are sold to a trust which is a wholly-owned special purpose entity for purposes of credit ratings; however, because the securitizations are designed as secured financings, they are designed not to meet the qualifying special purpose entity criteria of Statement No. 140.
Allowance for Loan Losses—Loans Held for Investment
Because we maintain our loans held for investment on the statements of condition for the life of the loans, we maintain an allowance for loan principal losses, based on our estimates of the losses inherent in the portfolio. This is a critical accounting policy because of the subjective nature of the estimates required and potential for imprecision. Two critical assumptions used in estimating the loss reserve are an assumed rate at which the loans go into foreclosure subsequent to initial default and an assumed loss severity rate, which represents the expected rate of realized loss upon disposition of the properties that have been foreclosed. Because we have limited historical loss data on our past originations, all of which were sold servicing-released prior to October 2003, we currently utilize industry loss assumptions for loans similar in credit, loan size and product type. These assumptions result in an estimate that approximately 21% of loans that are delinquent 30+ days ultimately will default and experience an average principal balance loss of 35%. These underlying assumptions and estimates are continually evaluated and updated to reflect management’s current assessment
29
of the value of the underlying collateral, our limited actual historical loss experience from the third quarter of 2003 through the current period, and other relevant factors impacting portfolio credit quality and inherent losses. Provision for losses is charged to our consolidated statements of operations as a reduction in net interest income. Losses incurred on mortgage loans held for investment are charged to the allowance at the earlier of the time of liquidation or at the time the loan is transferred to real estate owned. Subsequent gains or losses at property disposal are recorded to gain (loss) on disposal of real estate owned, which is a component of “Fees and other income” on our consolidated statements of operation.
We define the beginning of the loss emergence period for a mortgage loan to be the occurrence of a contractual delinquency greater than 30 days. On a monthly basis, loans meeting this criterion are included in a determination of the allowance for loan losses, which utilizes industry roll rate experience to assess the likelihood and severity of portfolio losses. We do not assess loans individually for impairment due to the homogeneous nature of the loans, which are collectively evaluated for impairment. If actual results differ from our estimates, we may be required to adjust our provision accordingly. The use of different estimates or assumptions could produce different provisions for loan losses.
We place individual loans on non-accrual status when they are past-due 90 days or when, in the opinion of management, the collection of principal and interest is in doubt. At the time an individual loan is placed on non-accrual status, all previously accrued but uncollectible interest is reversed against current period interest income. In addition, we reserve for interest income accrued on our pool of homogeneous 30 and 60 day delinquent loans on the basis of the same industry loss roll rate assumptions, by estimating the interest due on our pool of homogeneous loans which will migrate to non-accrual status in the future.
Amortization of Deferred Loan Origination Costs and Deferred Debt Issuance Costs
Interest income on our mortgage loan portfolio is a combination of the accrual of interest based on the outstanding balance and contractual terms of the mortgage loans, adjusted by the amortization of net deferred origination costs related to originations in our investment portfolio, in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 91, “Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases” (Statement No. 91). Our net deferred origination costs consist primarily of premiums, discounts and other net fees or costs directly associated with originating our mortgage loans, including commissions paid on closed loans. For our loans held for investment, these net deferred costs are amortized as adjustments to interest income over the estimated lives of the loans using the interest method. Because we hold a large number of similar loans for which prepayments are probable and for which we can reasonably estimate the timing of such prepayments, we use prepayment estimates in determining periodic amortization based on a model that considers actual prepayment experience to-date as well as forecasted prepayments based on the contractual interest rate on the loans, loan age, loan type, prepayment fee coverage and a variety of other factors. Mortgage prepayment forecasts are also affected by the terms and credit grades of the loans, conditions in the housing and financial markets, relative levels of interest rates, and general economic conditions. Prepayment assumptions are reviewed regularly to ensure that actual Company experience as well as industry data are supportive of prepayment assumptions used in our model. Updates that are required to be made to these estimates are applied as if the revised estimates had been in place since the origination of the loans and may result in adjustments to the current period amortization recorded to interest income.
Interest expense on our warehouse and securitization financing is a combination of the accrual of interest based on the contractual terms of the financing arrangements and the amortization of bond original issue discounts and issuance costs. The amortization of bond original issue discounts and issuance costs also considers estimated prepayments and is calculated using the interest method. The principal balance of the securitization financing is repaid as the related collateral principal balance amortizes, either through receipt of monthly mortgage payments or any loan prepayment. The deferred issuance costs and original issue discounts are amortized through interest expense over the estimated life of the outstanding balance of the securitization financing, utilizing the prepayment assumptions referenced above to estimate the average life of the related
30
debt. Updates that are required to be made to these estimates are applied as if the revised estimates had been in place since the issuance of the related debt and result in adjustments to the current period amortization recorded to interest expense.
We have sought to partially offset the impact to our net interest income of faster than anticipated prepayment rates by originating mortgage loans with prepayment fees. These fees typically expire two years after origination of a loan. As of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, approximately 85.9% and 86.0%, respectively, of our mortgage loan portfolio had prepayment fee features. We anticipate that prepayment rates on our portfolio will increase as these predominately adjustable-rate loans reach their initial adjustments, typically 24 months after funding the loans, which began in 2005. The varying prepayment rate, referred to on an annualized basis as the constant prepayment rate, or CPR, will be reforecast each quarter to project cash flows based upon historical industry data for similar loan products in the context of the current markets and our actual history to date. The forward-looking expected CPR used in our current assumptions averages 20 CPR during the first 12 months, averages 30 CPR through month 21, and increases to an average of 70 CPR during the months on and around the reset date, declining to an average 38 CPR thereafter. If prepayment speeds increase, our net interest margin would decrease due to the additional cost amortization, which may be partially offset by an increase in prepayment fee income.
Derivatives
The economic hedging of our interest rate risk related to our loans held for sale is a critical aspect of our business because of its interest rate sensitivity and the difficulty in estimating which interest rate locks will convert to closed loans as interest rates fluctuate. We use various financial instruments to economically hedge our exposure to changes in interest rates. The financial instruments typically include mandatory delivery forward sale contracts of mortgage-backed securities, mandatory and best efforts whole-loan sale agreements and treasury note forward sales contracts. These financial instruments are intended to mitigate the interest rate risk inherent in providing interest rate lock commitments to prospective borrowers to finance one-to-four family homes and to economically hedge the value of our loans held for sale prior to entering fixed price sale contracts.
The interest rate locks for conforming loans and the mandatory forward sales, which are typically used to economically hedge the interest rate risk associated with these locks, are undesignated derivatives and are marked to market through earnings. For interest rate lock commitments related to conforming loans, mark to market adjustments are recorded from inception of the interest rate lock through the funding date of the underlying loan. The funded loans have not been designated by us as a qualifying hedged asset in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (Statement No. 133). We record the funded loans on the consolidated statements of condition at the lower of cost or market value. The mandatory forward sales, which generally serve as an effective economic hedge from the inception of the interest rate lock through the time of the sale of the loans, remain subject to mark to market adjustments beyond the time the loan funds, and our reported earnings may reflect some non-economic volatility as a result of this differing treatment. The non-cash mark to market valuations of both our interest rate lock commitments and derivative instruments is reported as a component of gains on sales of mortgage loans, net.
The interest rate lock commitments associated with non-conforming loans held for sale and the treasury note forward sales contracts typically used to economically hedge the interest rate risk associated with these locks are also derivatives and are marked to market through earnings. Similar to the conforming loans, the funded non-conforming loans have not been designated as a qualifying hedged asset in accordance with Statement No. 133, and accordingly, we record them at the lower of cost or market value on the consolidated statements of condition. The treasury note forward sales contracts, which do serve as an effective economic hedge prior to the sale of some of our non-conforming loans, remain subject to mark to market adjustments
31
beyond the time the loans fund, and our reported earnings may reflect some non-economic volatility as a result of this differing treatment.
Relative to our loans held for investment, we economically hedge the effect of interest rate changes on our cash flows as a result of changes in the benchmark interest rate, in this case, LIBOR, on which our interest payments on warehouse financing and securitization financing are based. These derivatives are not classified as cash flow hedges under Statement No. 133. We enter into interest rate swap agreements to economically hedge the financing on mortgage loans held for investment. The change in fair value of the derivative during the hedge period is reported as a component of “Other income (expense)—portfolio derivatives.” The periodic net cash settlements and any gain or loss on terminated swaps are also reported as a component of “Other income (expense)—portfolio derivatives.” We also entered into an interest rate cap agreement to economically hedge interest rate changes relative to our first securitization in the fourth quarter of 2003. The cap was not designated as a cash flow hedge instrument, and as such, realized and unrealized changes in its fair value are recognized as a component of “Other income (expense)-portfolio derivatives” during the period in which the changes occur.
Changes in interest rates during a reporting period will affect the mark to market valuations on our undesignated derivatives. Increases in short-term interest rates will result in a non-cash credit being recognized in our consolidated statements of operations, while decreases in short-term rates will result in a non-cash charge being recognized in our consolidated statements of operations.
Stock-Based Compensation
We have adopted the fair value method of accounting for stock options and shares of restricted stock as prescribed by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123R, “Share-Based Payments” (Statement No. 123R). Under Statement No. 123R, compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the award’s vesting period. The fair value of awards of restricted stock is determined at the date of grant based on the market price of our common stock on that date. For both the stock options and restricted stock, the amount of compensation cost is adjusted for estimated annual forfeitures. The fair value of the stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Due to the subjective nature and estimates required under Statement No. 123R, we consider this a critical accounting policy.
Reserve for Losses—Loans Sold
We maintain a reserve for our representation and warranty liabilities related to the sale of loans and for our contractual obligation to rebate a portion of any premium paid by a purchaser when a borrower prepays a sold loan within an agreed period. The representations and warranties generally relate to the accuracy and completeness of information related to the loans sold and to the collectibility of the initial payments following the sale of the loan. The reserve, which is recorded as a liability on our consolidated statements of condition, is established when loans are sold and is calculated as the fair value of losses estimated to occur over the life of the loan. The reserve for losses is established through a provision for losses, which is reflected as a reduction of the gain on the loans sold at the time of sale. We forecast future losses on current sales based on our analysis of our actual historical losses, stratified by type of loss, type of loan, lien position, collateral location, and year of sale. This analysis takes into consideration historical information regarding frequency and severity of losses and compares economic and real estate market trends which may have affected historical losses and the potential impact of these trends to losses on current loans sold. We estimate losses due to premium recaptures on early loan prepayments by reviewing loan product and rate, borrower prepayment fee, if any, and estimates of future interest rate volatility. If the actual loss trend on loans sold varies compared to the loss provision previously forecast, an adjustment to the provision expense will be recorded as a change in estimate.
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Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2005
Net Income
Net income decreased 69.0%, or $28.9 million, to $12.9 million, for the three months ended March 31, 2006, from $41.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005. The decrease includes an $18.7 million decrease in the non-cash mark to market valuation gain on interest rate swaps and caps in effect during the first quarter of 2006. Our interest rate swaps and cap are not designated as cash flow hedges under Statement No. 133 and, therefore, the change in the periodic mark to market of the future value of the interest rate swaps and cap is reported in current period earnings. The decline in net income also reflects a $7.5 million decrease in the revenue from our mortgage loan portfolio, which includes the net interest income before loss provision on loans held for investment plus the net cash settlements on our interest swaps and cap used to economically hedge our securitization financing costs. The decline in 2006 portfolio margin is due to the prepayment of older, higher rate loans that have adjusted, or are about to adjust, from their initial fixed rate to an adjusting rate, combined with new loans added to the portfolio at lower margins. The first quarter of 2006 net income also includes the recognition of a $0.9 million pre-tax loss on disposal related to the discontinuation of the conforming division.
Revenues
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan Losses
The following are the components of net interest income after provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended |
| ||||
|
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| |
Interest income: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Coupon interest income on loans held for investment |
| $ | 96,433 |
| 81,551 |
|
Coupon interest income on loans held for sale |
| 6,601 |
| 4,287 |
| |
Amortization of deferred origination costs |
| (6,871 | ) | (5,504 | ) | |
Prepayment fees |
| 5,551 |
| 6,789 |
| |
Total interest income |
| 101,714 |
| 87,123 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Interest expense: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Financing interest expense on loans held for investment* |
| 66,199 |
| 36,547 |
| |
Financing interest expense on loans held for sale |
| 2,605 |
| 992 |
| |
Amortization of deferred bond issuance costs and issue discount |
| 2,717 |
| 2,061 |
| |
Total interest expense |
| 71,521 |
| 39,600 |
| |
Net interest income |
| 30,193 |
| 47,523 |
| |
Provision for loan losses—loans held for investment |
| 5,393 |
| 4,494 |
| |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses |
| $ | 24,800 |
| 43,029 |
|
* Does not include the effect of the interest rate swap and cap agreements which economically hedge our portfolio of financing costs.
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The following table presents the average balances for our loans held for investment and loans held for sale and our warehouse and securitization financing, with the corresponding annualized yields for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands).
|
| Three Months Ended |
| |||
|
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| |
Average balances: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Mortgage loans held for investment |
| $ | 5,453,923 |
| 4,884,311 |
|
Securitization financing—loans held for investment |
| 4,825,196 |
| 4,187,989 |
| |
Warehouse financing—loans held for investment |
| 510,867 |
| 518,852 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Yield analysis—loans held for investment: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Coupon interest income on loans held for investment |
| 7.07 | % | 6.68 | % | |
Amortization of deferred origination costs |
| (0.50 | )% | (0.46 | )% | |
Prepayment fees |
| 0.41 | % | 0.56 | % | |
Yield on loans held for investment (1) |
| 6.98 | % | 6.78 | % | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Interest expense securitization financing |
| 4.96 | % | 3.02 | % | |
Interest expense warehouse financing |
| 4.98 | % | 3.78 | % | |
Amortization—deferred bond issuance costs and issue discount |
| 0.23 | % | 0.20 | % | |
Cost of financing for loans held for investment (2) |
| 5.17 | % | 3.28 | % | |
Net yield on loans held for investment (3) |
| 1.92 | % | 3.62 | % | |
Provision for loan losses as % of average loan balance |
| (0.40 | )% | (0.37 | )% | |
Net yield on loans held for investment after provision for loan losses |
| 1.52 | % | 3.25 | % | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Average balances: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Mortgage loans held for sale |
| $ | 330,044 |
| 216,783 |
|
Warehouse financing—loans held for sale |
| 212,156 |
| 98,213 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Yield analysis—loans held for sale: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Yield on loans held for sale (1) |
| 8.00 | % | 7.91 | % | |
Cost of financing for loans held for sale (2) |
| 4.91 | % | 4.04 | % | |
Net yield on loans held for sale (3) |
| 4.84 | % | 6.08 | % | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Combined yield—net interest income after provision for loan losses, loans held for investment and held for sale |
| 1.72 | % | 3.37 | % |
(1) Calculated as the annualized interest income divided by the average daily balance of the mortgage loans.
(2) Calculated as the annualized interest expense divided by the average daily balance of the debt related to mortgage loans.
(3) Calculated as the annualized net interest income divided by the average daily balance of mortgage loans. The net yield on loans will not equal the difference between the yield on loans and the cost of financing due to the difference in the denominators of the two calculations.
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan Losses Earned on Loans Held for Investment
In the three months ended March 31, 2006, the $12.3 million increase in interest income on loans held for investment earned by the $0.6 billion higher average portfolio balance in 2006 compared to the same period in 2005, was largely offset by a $30.3 million increase in interest expense on loans held for investment, as the one-month LIBOR interest rate index used to determine our portfolio debt financing costs, rose to an average of 4.68% in three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to an average of 2.71% in the same period in 2005.
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Interest expense related to both warehouse and securitization financing rose in the three months ended March 31, 2006 as compared to the same period in 2005 and is expected to continue to increase in 2006 both notionally and as a percentage cost of financing due to the anticipated prepayment of older loans financed with lower-rate debt, compared to new mortgage fundings financed with higher cost debt. We expect net interest income before loan loss provision in the remainder of 2006 to continue to decline from 2005, as incremental net interest income earned on the forecasted increase in the average portfolio loan balance in 2006 is offset by the narrower margins on new originations, compared to the wider spreads on the 2003 and 2004 loans expected to prepay in 2006. Margins available on new loans are expected to continue to be narrower in 2006, as forecasted financing rate increases are not expected to be wholly offset by mortgage coupon rate increases of the same magnitude due to market competition for new originations.
The $30.2 million net interest income before provision for loan losses earned in the three months ended March 31, 2006 does not include the $10.3 million of net cash settlements received in 2006 under the terms of the swap agreements used to economically hedge the financing costs of our loans held for investment. The regular monthly swap settlement amounts, plus any cash paid or received at termination of the agreements prior to maturity, are included in the line item “Other income (expense)—portfolio derivatives.”
The increase in the interest income yield on loans held for investment to 6.98% in the three months ended March 31, 2006 from 6.78% in the same period in 2005 reflects the increase in coupons on our 2/28 hybrid mortgages which reached their note resets from fixed to adjustable during the period combined with higher yields on new loans added to the portfolio.
Provision for loan losses increased in the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the same period in 2005, due to the increase in delinquent loans as the portfolio continued to mature. The increase in the provision for loan losses was lower than our previous expectations due to fewer delinquent loans and lower realized losses. Our delinquent loans were lower than historical levels due to faster portfolio prepayment speeds and our charge-offs were lower than historical levels due to strong home price appreciation from 2003 through 2005. We expect the provision for loan losses to continue to rise in 2006, due to (i) higher amounts of delinquent loans due to slower prepayment speeds, (ii) more normalized losses on foreclosure due to flattening home price appreciation and (iii) higher levels of delinquencies due to the increases in borrowers’ payment on approximately 28% of our loans as they reach their initial rate reset period from fixed to adjustable in 2006.
Net Interest Income Earned on Loans Held for Sale
Net interest income earned on loans held for sale includes the net interest spread on all of our conforming loan originations that are all held for sale, and the portion of our non-conforming originations that are not held for investment. This amount increased $0.7 million in the first three months in 2006 compared to the same period in 2005, as the increase in the 2006 average balance of loans held for sale was substantially offset by the decline in net interest income yield from 6.08% in the first three months of 2005 to 4.84% in the first three months of 2006. The decline in yield reflects the rise in financing costs tied to LIBOR—based indices, while coupon rates on new originations declined, due to borrowers choosing lower rate ARM mortgages during this period of rising market rates. In 2006, we expect a decline in net interest income on loans held for sale due to the disposal in the first quarter 2006 of our conforming retail and wholesale segments, which will result in a lower average balance of earning assets held for sale in 2006.
35
Gains on Sales of Mortgage Loans, net
Loan Sales from Continuing Operations
The components of the gains on sale of mortgage loans from continuing operations, net are illustrated in the following table for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 (in millions)*:
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| |||||||||
|
| 2006 |
| % of |
| 2005 |
| % of |
| ||
Gross premiums - whole loan sales, net of derivative gains or losses |
| $ | 15.6 |
| 2.37 | % | $ | 13.7 |
| 2.58 | % |
Loan fees collected(1) |
| 4.0 |
| 0.61 | % | 3.4 |
| 0.65 | % | ||
Premiums paid(2) |
| (2.8 | ) | (0.42 | )% | (2.1 | ) | (0.40 | )% | ||
Subtotal |
| 16.8 |
| 2.56 | % | 15.0 |
| 2.83 | % | ||
Provision for losses—loans sold |
| (2.0 | ) | (0.31 | )% | (2.2 | ) | (0.42 | )% | ||
Direct origination costs(3) |
| (4.5 | ) | (0.68 | )% | (4.3 | ) | (0.81 | )% | ||
Gains on sales of mortgage loans, net |
| $ | 10.3 |
| 1.57 | % | $ | 8.5 |
| 1.60 | % |
Loan sales volume |
| $ | 654.6 |
|
|
| $ | 529.6 |
|
|
|
* Loan fees collected, premiums paid and direct origination costs are deferred at funding and recognized on settlement of the loan sale.
(1) Loan fees collected represent points and fees collected from borrowers.
(2) Premiums paid represent fees paid to brokers for wholesale loan originations.
(3) Direct origination costs primarily are commissions and direct salary costs.
The gains on sales of mortgage loans, net, increased for the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the same period in 2005, due to a 24% increase in sales volume, as forward sale contracts entered into in the fourth quarter of 2005 settled in January 2006. Period-over-period, gross whole loan sales premiums, net of derivative gains or losses, declined as narrower interest spreads compressed sale margins, combined with declines in the sales premiums paid on second lien mortgages which comprise approximately 19.5% of our originations of loans held for sale. We expect gross sale premiums to continue at lower levels than 2005 as the industry responds to increased competition in a shrinking mortgage market by offering coupon rates on new originations which are not increasing at the same rate as the increase in the cost of financing the loans.
We maintained a $2.8 million valuation allowance on $19.2 million of unsaleable loans with documentation deficiencies or delinquency histories as of March 31, 2006.
Other Income (Expense)—Portfolio Derivatives
We use interest rate swap and cap agreements to create economic hedges of the variable rate debt financing of our portfolio of non-conforming mortgages held for investment. Changes in the fair value of these agreements, which reflect the potential future cash settlements over the remaining lives of the agreements
36
according to the market’s changing projections of interest rates, are recognized in the line item “Other income (expense)—portfolio derivatives” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. This single line item includes both the actual cash settlements related to the agreements that occurred during the period and recognition of the non-cash changes in the fair value of the agreements over the period. The cash settlements include regular monthly payments or receipts under the terms of the swap agreements and cash paid or received to terminate the agreements prior to maturity. The amount of cash settlements and non-cash changes in value that were included in “Other income (expense)—portfolio derivatives” is as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| ||||
|
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| |
Non-cash changes in fair value |
| $ | 1,894 |
| 20,628 |
|
Net cash settlements on existing derivatives |
| 10,264 |
| (1,295 | ) | |
Net cash settlements received (paid) to terminate derivatives prior to final maturity |
| — |
| 1,009 |
| |
Other income (expense)—portfolio derivatives |
| $ | 12,158 |
| 20,342 |
|
Our portfolio derivatives allow us to “lock-in” the expected financing costs of our investment portfolio over a future contractual time period. At March 31, 2006 and 2005, the notional balance of our interest rate swaps was $4.4 billion and $4.5 billion, respectively.
The following table recaps the 2 Year Swap rate as of the following quarter end dates:
|
|
|
|
| |||||||
|
| Mar 31 |
| Jun 30 |
| Sep 30 |
| Dec 31 |
| Mar 31 |
|
2 Year Swap Rate |
| 4.19 | % | 3.98 | % | 4.57 | % | 4.85 | % | 5.28 | % |
Source: Bloomberg L.P.
The following table summarizes the average notional balance and the future weighted average fixed payment interest rate of our interest rate swaps in effect as of March 31, 2006, for the nine months ending December 31, 2006 and the year ending December 31, 2007 (in thousands):
|
| Period Ending December 31, |
| ||||||||
|
| 2006 |
| 2007 |
| ||||||
|
| Average |
| Weighted |
| Average |
| Weighted |
| ||
Interest rate swaps |
| $ | 3,238,656 |
| 4.02% |
| $ | 1,251,559 |
| 4.55% |
|
Other income (expense)—portfolio derivatives will vary as movements in the LIBOR interest rate occur throughout the period. Generally, rising interest rates will increase the fair value of our derivatives and our net cash settlements on existing derivatives. We cannot predict the net effect of interest rate volatility in future periods to our other income (expense)—portfolio derivatives.
37
Expenses
The following is a summary of total expenses and the percentage change from the prior period, and the provisions for income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| ||||
|
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| |
Salaries and employee benefits |
| $ | 20,869 |
| 17,704 |
|
Occupancy |
| 1,823 |
| 1,499 |
| |
Depreciation and amortization |
| 935 |
| 760 |
| |
Servicing fees |
| 2,569 |
| 2,604 |
| |
General and administration |
| 7,563 |
| 7,321 |
| |
Total expenses |
| $ | 33,759 |
| 29,888 |
|
Percentage change from prior period |
| 13.0 | % | N/A |
| |
Income tax benefit |
| $ | 729 |
| 157 |
|
Total Expenses. Total expenses increased during the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the same period in 2005 primarily due to higher salary and benefit expenses and occupancy costs related to the growth of our business since March 31, 2005. We expect total expenses to increase in 2006, compared to 2005, primarily due to the addition of sales personnel to maintain our market share of loan originations in light of industry expectations of a reduction in over-all mortgage originations in 2006, as well as additional personnel and costs to support initiatives related to information technology improvements.
We have partially replaced our two non-integrated conforming and non-conforming origination software systems with a single, integrated system to serve as both the conforming and non-conforming origination and funding support system, and upgraded “Fieldscore,” our pre-approval and credit gathering engine. The project involves purchasing, developing, installing, training and supporting the new system. The “Fieldscore” upgrade was complete as of December 31, 2004, the conforming component was placed in use in the third quarter of 2005, and we anticipate the non-conforming component will be fully implemented in the second and third quarters of 2006. We have capitalized $5.5 million to date for hardware and software development, and expensed approximately $0.3 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, in maintenance contracts and depreciation for the hardware and in-use portion of the internally-developed software. We expect maintenance and depreciation expense to increase in 2006 as we complete development of the software and place the system fully into service.
Salaries and Employee Benefits. The increase in salaries and employee benefits in the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the same period in 2005 is due to the additional sales personnel hired during 2005 to maintain our loan origination volume in a declining mortgage market, home office staff additions to manage the growth of our REIT portfolio, the legal and finance requirements of operating as a public company including Sarbanes – Oxley compliance, and additional information technology personnel to support planned enhancements in access and security controls, combined with a $0.8 million increase in employee benefit expense related to our self-insurance plan.
We expect salaries and employee benefits, net of deferred direct origination costs, to increase in 2006, compared to 2005, primarily due to the additional account executives and loan officers required to support loan funding volume, and additional information technology personnel to support the complete implementation of our new loan origination system.
Servicing Fees. Servicing fees paid to our third-party servicer of the loans in our portfolio decreased slightly for the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the same period in the prior year, due to
38
lower servicing rates negotiated with our third-party servicer on recently issued securitization deals, partially offset by an increase in the average balance of our portfolio. Currently, all of our loans held for investment are serviced by a third-party servicer effective with the first mortgage payment due after loan funding.
General and Administration. General and administration expenses rose slightly in the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the same period in 2005 primarily due to increased audit fees related to our re-audit of financial results for the years 2003 and 2004, completed in the first quarter of 2006. We do not expect general and administration expenses during the remainder of 2006 to change significantly from first quarter 2006 levels, as planned cost reductions in office expenses, telecom, and credit reporting efficiencies are expected to substantially offset variable loan related costs, which we anticipate may rise as origination volume increases throughout the remainder of 2006.
Income Tax Benefit. We qualified to be taxed as a REIT, effective in the fourth quarter of 2003, and we elected to treat our loan origination and sale subsidiary, FMC, as a taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS). A TRS is a corporation that is permitted to engage in non-qualifying REIT activities. Taxable income of our TRS is subject to federal, state, and local income taxes. Income tax expense reflects the following effective tax rates:
| Three Months Ended |
| |||||
|
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| ||
FMC pre-tax net loss in millions |
| $ | (5.3 | ) | $ | (2.5 | ) |
Effective tax benefit rate |
| 35 | % | 24 | % | ||
The lower effective tax benefit rate in the first quarter of 2005 includes a higher amortization of a deferred tax asset related to prior year inter-company loan sales during that quarter, which decreased the effective tax benefit rate.
Consolidated Statements of Condition at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005
Mortgage Loans Held for Investment
The following table summarizes the principal balance of our investment portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and the year ended December 31, 2005 (in thousands):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Year Ended |
| |
Beginning principal balance |
| $ | 5,530,216 |
| 4,735,063 |
|
Loan fundings |
| 528,334 |
| 3,341,911 |
| |
Payoffs and principal reductions |
| (543,382 | ) | (1,981,866 | ) | |
Transfers to mortgage loans held for sale, net |
| — |
| (530,830 | ) | |
Transfers to real estate owned |
| (19,463 | ) | (34,062 | ) | |
Ending principal balance |
| 5,495,705 |
| 5,530,216 |
| |
Net deferred loan origination (fees)/costs |
| 36,776 |
| 40,199 |
| |
Ending balance loans held for investment |
| 5,532,481 |
| 5,570,415 |
| |
Allowance for loan losses |
| (45,744 | ) | (44,122 | ) | |
Ending balance loans held for investment, net |
| $ | 5,486,737 |
| 5,526,293 |
|
During the three months ended March 31, 2006, we originated $528 million in loans for the portfolio, which generated $26.2 million of net interest income before provision for loan losses. A provision for loan losses of $5.4 million was recorded and $3.8 million of net charge-offs were incurred, resulting in an allowance for loan losses of $45.7 million as of March 31, 2006.
The decrease in portfolio balance is the result of payoffs exceeding fundings during the first quarter, consistent with seasonal fluctuations. Because we sold all of our loans prior to the third quarter of 2003, we do not have
39
comprehensive performance data on our loans sold to investors relative to credit losses and prepayments. We estimate prepayment speeds based upon historical industry data for similar loan products and actual history to date, which are adjusted for current market assumptions regarding future economic conditions such as home price appreciation and interest rate forecasts. These assumptions for prepayment speeds indicate an average loan life of approximately 23 months. There can be no assurance that this industry data will be reflective of our actual results. Management will continue to monitor prepayment speeds of loans in our securitizations upon reaching the expiration period of prepayment fee obligation and adjustment to an adjustable-rate mortgage.
In the second quarter of 2005, we transferred loans held by the REIT to our TRS, FMC. The transfer of loans held for investment to mortgage loans held for sale, net in the second quarter of 2005 reflects management’s determination at that time that the projected return on assets and return on equity to be generated by approximately $640 million of loans held by the REIT and yet to be securitized had declined to levels below our targeted investment return. Later in the second quarter, management determined that approximately $110 million of loans originated by FMC and held-for-sale met the company’s revised return-on-asset criteria for the REIT and were subsequently sold in an arms-length transaction from FMC to the REIT.
Allowance for Loan Losses—Loans Held for Investment
The following table summarizes the allowance for loan loss activity of our investment portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and the year ended December 31, 2005 (in thousands):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Year Ended |
| |
Beginning balance allowance for loan losses |
| $ | 44,122 |
| 22,648 |
|
Provision |
| 5,393 |
| 30,065 |
| |
Charge-offs |
| (3,771 | ) | (8,591 | ) | |
Ending balance allowance for loan losses |
| $ | 45,744 |
| 44,122 |
|
Ending principal balance, mortgage loans held for investment |
| $ | 5,495,705 |
| 5,530,216 |
|
Ending allowance balance as % of ending principal balance |
| 0.8 | % | 0.8 | % |
The delinquency status of our loans held for investment as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 was as follows (in thousands):
|
| March 31, 2006 |
| December 31, 2005 |
| ||||||
|
| Principal |
| Percentage |
| Principal |
| Percentage |
| ||
Current |
| $ | 4,897,817 |
| 89.1 | % | $ | 4,925,656 |
| 89.1 | % |
30 days past due |
| 331,656 |
| 6.1 | % | 359,074 |
| 6.5 | % | ||
60 days past due |
| 94,519 |
| 1.7 | % | 93,663 |
| 1.7 | % | ||
90+ days past due |
| 59,063 |
| 1.1 | % | 65,810 |
| 1.2 | % | ||
In process of foreclosure |
| 112,650 |
| 2.0 | % | 86,013 |
| 1.5 | % | ||
Total |
| $ | 5,495,705 |
| 100.0 | % | $ | 5,530,216 |
| 100.0 | % |
Allowance for loan losses |
| $ | 45,744 |
|
|
| $ | 44,122 |
|
|
|
Allowance for loan losses as a % of total delinquent loans (30+ days past due and loans in the process of foreclosure) |
| 7.7 | % |
|
| 7.3 | % |
|
|
40
Delinquency, life to date loss experience and weighted average coupon of our loans held for investment by securitization pool as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 were as follows (in thousands):
|
| As of March 31, 2006 |
| |||||||||||
|
| Current |
| Current |
| % of |
| % of |
| Weighted |
| Avg. Age |
| |
Loans held for investment-securitized: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
FMIC Series 2003-1 |
| $ | 68,297 |
| 14% |
| 19.6% |
| 0.35% |
| 9.17% |
| 32 |
|
FMIT Series 2004-1 (3) |
| 115,364 |
| 17% |
| 14.9% |
| 0.28% |
| 9.35% |
| 28 |
| |
FMIT Series 2004-2 |
| 273,494 |
| 31% |
| 8.9% |
| 0.34% |
| 8.41% |
| 25 |
| |
FMIT Series 2004-3 |
| 517,735 |
| 52% |
| 6.2% |
| 0.27% |
| 6.49% |
| 23 |
| |
FMIT Series 2004-4 |
| 485,227 |
| 55% |
| 8.8% |
| 0.23% |
| 6.95% |
| 20 |
| |
FMIT Series 2004-5 |
| 545,245 |
| 61% |
| 6.8% |
| 0.18% |
| 6.78% |
| 18 |
| |
FMIT Series 2005-1 |
| 494,175 |
| 66% |
| 6.1% |
| 0.20% |
| 6.90% |
| 16 |
| |
FMIT Series 2005-2 |
| 867,977 |
| 90% |
| 4.3% |
| 0.03% |
| 7.13% |
| 10 |
| |
FMIT Series 2005-3 |
| 1,121,285 |
| 96% |
| 2.3% |
| 0.00% |
| 7.32% |
| 6 |
| |
FMIT Series 2006-1 |
| 697,825 |
| 100% |
| 0.9% |
| 0.00% |
| 7.92% |
| 3 |
| |
Total |
| 5,186,624 |
| 62% |
| 5.1% |
| 0.18% |
|
|
| 13 |
| |
Loans held for investment-to be securitized |
| 309,081 |
| 100% |
| 0.1% |
| 0.00% |
|
|
| 1 |
| |
Total loans held for investment |
| $ | 5,495,705 |
| 63% |
| 4.8% |
| 0.17% |
| 7.32% |
| 13 |
|
|
| As of December 31, 2005 |
| |||||||||||
|
| Current |
| Current |
| % of |
| % of |
| Weighted |
| Avg. Age |
| |
Loans held for investment-securitized: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
FMIC Series 2003-1 |
| $ | 83,201 |
| 17% |
| 17.1% |
| 0.31% |
| 8.79% |
| 29 |
|
FMIT Series 2004-1 (3) |
| 221,352 |
| 33% |
| 9.1% |
| 0.22% |
| 8.48% |
| 25 |
| |
FMIT Series 2004-2 |
| 398,754 |
| 45% |
| 7.0% |
| 0.30% |
| 6.83% |
| 22 |
| |
FMIT Series 2004-3 |
| 556,056 |
| 56% |
| 6.9% |
| 0.18% |
| 6.46% |
| 20 |
| |
FMIT Series 2004-4 |
| 535,681 |
| 61% |
| 7.5% |
| 0.20% |
| 6.97% |
| 17 |
| |
FMIT Series 2004-5 |
| 610,985 |
| 68% |
| 6.7% |
| 0.07% |
| 6.80% |
| 15 |
| |
FMIT Series 2005-1 |
| 562,331 |
| 75% |
| 4.9% |
| 0.11% |
| 6.92% |
| 13 |
| |
FMIT Series 2005-2 |
| 918,831 |
| 95% |
| 3.0% |
| 0.00% |
| 7.14% |
| 7 |
| |
FMIT Series 2005-3 |
| 1,156,571 |
| 99% |
| 0.7% |
| 0.00% |
| 7.34% |
| 3 |
| |
Total |
| 5,043,762 |
| 65% |
| 4.9% |
| 0.14% |
|
|
| 13 |
| |
Loans held for investment-to be securitized |
| 486,454 |
| 100% |
| 0.1% |
| 0.00% |
|
|
| 1 |
| |
Total loans held for investment |
| $ | 5,530,216 |
| 67% |
| 4.4% |
| 0.13% |
| 7.13% |
| 12 |
|
(1) Seriously delinquent is defined as a mortgage loan that is 60 + days past due or in the process of foreclosure.
(2) Realized losses include charge-offs to the allowance for loan losses—loans held for investment related to loan principal balances and do not include previously accrued but uncollected interest, which is reversed against current period interest income.
(3) Series 2004-1 was called and paid in full in April 2006.
41
The increase in allowance for loan losses from $44.1 million as of December 31, 2005, to $45.7 million as of March 31, 2006 reflects the portfolio growth and seasoning of the underlying loans. Due to the short time span from our initial securitization through March 31, 2006, we have limited actual loss experience on our investment portfolio. We currently estimate an average loss severity of 35%, not including past due interest which is reversed against current period interest income when the loan is placed on non-accrual status or deemed otherwise uncollectible.
During the three months ended March 31, 2006, we sold 83 real estate owned properties previously collateralizing loans held for investment with an average aggregate principal net charge-off of 24%, which includes the initial charge-off at transfer to real estate owned and subsequent decrease in net realizable value, if any, and the final gain or loss on disposal of the property. At this time, we believe our 35% estimated average loss severity is supported by our limited disposal history from the portfolio, combined with the risk that loss severity may increase as the loans continue to season and economic factors may slow the increases in property values. We will continue to review our loss assumptions and update our estimates as required.
At March 31, 2006, $266.2 million, or 4.8%, of loans held for investment were seriously delinquent (60+ days past due and loans in the process of foreclosure), compared to $245.5 million, or 4.4%, at December 31, 2005. This is consistent with industry trends and expectations, as the portfolio grows and loans further season. According to Moody’s Investor Service Special Report dated April 26, 2006, the industry 60+ days delinquency on loan products with similar credit characteristics to our portfolio and a weighted average seasoning of 16.2 months was 7.05% in November 2004. Management anticipates that delinquencies will increase, but is unable to predict at this time whether the delinquencies will be higher or lower than this industry average.
Real Estate Owned
Real estate owned is reported at its estimated net realizable value through “Prepaid expenses and other assets” on the condensed consolidated statements of condition. At the time a loan held for investment is foreclosed and the underlying collateral is transferred to real estate owned, any reduction in value from the loan’s previous carrying balance is charged to the allowance for loan losses — loans held for investment. We record gains and losses at disposal of the property to gain (loss) on disposal of real estate owned, a component of “Fees and other income” on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following is a summary of real estate owned as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 (in thousands):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Year Ended |
| |
Beginning balance real estate owned |
| $ | 14,997 |
| 4,374 |
|
Plus: Transfers from mortgage loans held for sale |
| 468 |
| 867 |
| |
Transfers from mortgage loans held for investment |
| 19,463 |
| 34,062 |
| |
Less: Charge-offs |
| (3,782 | ) | (7,634 | ) | |
Real estate sold |
| (8,842 | ) | (16,672 | ) | |
Ending balance real estate owned* |
| $ | 22,304 |
| 14,997 |
|
* Includes properties previously securing loans held for sale of $0.7 million and $0.5 million as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively.
42
Mortgage Loans Held for Sale and Related Warehouse Financing—Loans Held for Sale
The following table provides a summary of the mortgage loans held for sale, net and warehouse financing—loans held for sale as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 (in thousands):
|
| March 31 |
| December 31, |
| |
Total mortgage loans held for sale, net |
| $ | 312,836 |
| 594,269 |
|
Warehouse financing—mortgage loans held for sale |
| $ | 252,814 |
| 434,061 |
|
Percentage financed—mortgage loans held for sale |
| 81 | % | 73 | % |
The decrease in mortgage loans held for sale, net, at March 31, 2006 compared to December 31, 2005 primarily reflects the decrease in conforming loan origination volumes in the two months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the two months ended December 31, 2005, reflecting the sale of the assets of our conforming division in February 2006. We typically retain loans held for sale for approximately 60 days prior to investor purchase.
At March 31, 2006, we had $19.2 million of loans deemed to be unsaleable at standard sale premiums compared to $5.2 million at December 31, 2005. We recorded a valuation allowance of $2.8 million and $1.1 million, as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, for these loans unsaleable at standard sale premiums.
Warehouse financing—loans held for sale decreased as of March 31, 2006 compared to December 31, 2005 reflecting our decreased level of mortgage loans held for sale at March 31, 2006.
Trustee Receivable
Trustee receivable decreased to $119.8 million at March 31, 2006 from $130.2 million at December 31, 2005. The decrease reflects lower principal payments and prepaid loan payments received after the cut-off date for the current month bond payments from our ten securitized mortgage pools outstanding as of March 31, 2006, compared to securitized mortgage pools at December 31, 2005. Trustee receivable includes principal and interest prepayments received after the 15th day of the period end month from loans securitized in pools FMIT Series 2004-1 through FMIT Series 2006-1, and prepayments received after the last day of the month prior to the period end month from loans in pool FMIC Series 2003-1. The trustee retains these funds until the following month’s disbursement date.
Derivative Assets and Derivative Liabilities
Derivative assets increased to $37.4 million at March 31, 2006 from $35.2 million at December 31, 2005. Derivative liabilities, included in “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” in the condensed consolidated statements of condition, decreased to $0.1 million at March 31, 2006 from $0.9 million at December 31, 2005. The changes in derivative assets and liabilities primarily relate to the $1.9 million increase in the fair value of the interest rate swap and cap agreements over the period, reflecting an increase in the two year swap rate of 43 basis points as of March 31, 2006 compared to December 31, 2005. Derivative assets as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 also included $5.7 million paid in 2005 to buy-down the fixed rate of the swaps contributed to the FMIT series 2005-2 and 2005-3 securitization trusts.
43
Securitization Financing
The following is a summary of the outstanding securitization financing by series as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 (in thousands):
|
|
|
| Balance as of |
| |||
|
| Bonds |
| March 31, |
| December 31, |
| |
FMIT Series 2006-1 |
| $ | 904,078 |
| 904,078 |
| — |
|
FMIT Series 2005-3 |
| 1,094,246 |
| 1,059,345 |
| 1,089,820 |
| |
FMIT Series 2005-2 |
| 911,081 |
| 827,101 |
| 872,455 |
| |
FMIT Series 2005-1 |
| 728,625 |
| 490,093 |
| 555,650 |
| |
FMIT Series 2004-5 |
| 863,550 |
| 528,439 |
| 595,481 |
| |
FMIT Series 2004-4 |
| 845,283 |
| 466,142 |
| 518,283 |
| |
FMIT Series 2004-3 |
| 949,000 |
| 482,777 |
| 523,296 |
| |
FMIT Series 2004-2 |
| 843,920 |
| 276,494 |
| 377,500 |
| |
FMIT Series 2004-1 (*) |
| 652,944 |
| 100,400 |
| 233,977 |
| |
FMIC Series 2003-1 |
| 488,923 |
| 61,285 |
| 83,308 |
| |
|
| 8,281,650 |
| 5,196,154 |
| 4,849,770 |
| |
Unamortized bond discount |
| (1,130 | ) | (42 | ) | (74 | ) | |
Subtotal securitization bond financing |
| 8,280,520 |
| 5,196,112 |
| 4,849,696 |
| |
Liquid Funding repurchase facility |
| — |
| 45,154 |
| 86,079 |
| |
Lehman Brothers repurchase facility |
| — |
| — |
| 62,845 |
| |
Total securitization financing |
| $ | 8,280,520 |
| 5,241,266 |
| 4,998,620 |
|
(*) Series 2004-1 was called and paid in full in April 2006.
During the three months ended March 31, 2006 and the year ended December 31, 2005, we issued $0.9 billion and $2.7 billion, respectively, of mortgage-backed bonds through securitization trusts to finance our portfolio of loans held for investment. Interest rates reset monthly and are indexed to one-month LIBOR. The bonds pay interest monthly based upon a spread over LIBOR. We retain the option to repay the bonds when the remaining unpaid principal balance of the underlying mortgage loans for each pool falls below 20% of the original principal balance, with the exception of FMIC Series 2003-1, which may be repaid when the principal balance falls below 10% of the original collateralized amount.
During March 2006, the current principal balance as a percentage of original principal balance of the underlying mortgage loans collateralizing FMIT Series 2004-1 fell below 20%, permitting the Company to call on its option to repay the relating bonds. Management reviewed the economic factors relating to this potential call, and subsequently delivered notice in April 2006 to FMIT Series 2004-1 bondholders to repay the bonds at the next payment date. At March 31, 2006, approximately 14% of the original principal balance of underlying mortgage loans collateralizing FMIC Series 2003-1 remained. The repayment of the bonds is secured by pledging mortgage loans to the trust.
As of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the outstanding bonds were over-collateralized by $319.7 million and $189.8 million, respectively. The collateral includes mortgage loans, trustee receivables, real estate owned and proceeds from bond pre-fundings which are designated as restricted cash until the mortgage loan collateral is delivered to the trust. We enter into interest rate swap or cap agreements to economically hedge the bond costs and protect against rising interest rates.
Total Shareholders’ Equity
Total shareholders’ equity decreased to $516.9 million at March 31, 2006, from $526.6 million at December 31, 2005. The change in shareholders’ equity primarily reflects the three months ended March 31, 2006 net income of $12.9 million offset by $23.3 million in dividends declared in the first quarter of 2006, net of dividends paid on unvested restricted stock that are recorded to compensation expense.
44
Dividends were paid from our operating cash flows. The following is a summary of the dividends declared per share for the three months ended March 31, 2006:
Declaration Date |
| Record Date |
| Payment Date |
| Dividend |
|
March 17, 2006 |
| March 31, 2006 |
| April 28, 2006 |
| $0.48 |
|
Effective the first quarter of 2006, we are reporting a total of four business segments, which include two production segments and two operating segments. Our production segments currently include our Wholesale segment, previously designated as Non-conforming Wholesale, and our Retail segment, previously designated as Non-conforming Retail. Our Wholesale segment originates non-conforming loans, while our Retail segment originates both conforming and non-conforming mortgages, in order to provide a complete range of mortgage options to our retail borrowers. Prior to the first quarter of 2006, we reported two additional production segments referred to as our Conforming Wholesale and Conforming Retail segments. In the first quarter of 2006 our Board of Directors approved a plan of disposal to sell, close or otherwise dispose of the assets of the Conforming Wholesale and Conforming Retail segments due to the decline in profitability of these segments. In February 2006, we sold the assets pertaining to our conforming division’s headquarters, wholesale offices, and certain retail offices to third parties. The remaining assets of the conforming segment, which include retail offices in Maryland and Virginia, have been combined with our non-conforming retail offices and will be reported as a component of our Retail segment. The following discussion of results reflects our continuing Wholesale and Retail segments only, while the results of our former Conforming Wholesale and Conforming Retail segments are reported herein as discontinued operations.
The results of operations of our production segments primarily include a net interest income allocation for funded loans, direct expenses and a corporate overhead expense allocation. In addition, segment revenues include an allocation which credits the production segments with the pro forma current value of the net gain on sale of loan production as if all of the segments’ fundings were sold servicing-released, concurrent with funding, even though a significant portion of the loans originated will be held for investment, and generate revenue over the life of loan, which currently averages two years.
Operating Segments
Our operating segments include the Investment Portfolio and Corporate segments. The results of operations of the Investment Portfolio segment primarily include the net interest income after provision for loan losses for our portfolio of loans held for investment, changes in the fair value and actual cash settlements relating to our portfolio derivatives, and direct expenses, including third-party servicing fees paid related to our loans held for investment. The results of operations of the Corporate segment primarily include direct expenses of the corporate home office, the elimination of the corporate overhead allocated to the production segments, and the income tax provision related to the net income (loss) of FMC, our taxable REIT subsidiary. The Corporate segment also includes various reconciling amounts necessary to adjust for the retention of a substantial portion of our non-conforming loans to be held for investment, and to convert the production segments’ allocated revenue and expenses to comply with GAAP reporting under Statement No. 91.
The results of operations reported per segment differ materially from consolidated results due to timing differences in net gain on sale recognition at the time of cash settlement of the sale compared to the revenue allocation which each segment receives at the time of loan funding, the actual whole loan sale prices compared to the pro forma values, the actual net interest margin earned on loans prior to their sale, and the holding for investment of a substantial portion of our non-conforming loans for which actual revenue will consist of net interest income generated over the life of the loan rather than net gain on sale recognized one-time as of the sale date.
45
The following is a summary of net income (loss) by production segments and operating segments for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):
| Production |
| Operating |
| Total |
| ||
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total revenues |
| $ | 27,626 |
| 19,977 |
| 47,603 |
|
Total expenses |
| 31,595 |
| 2,164 |
| 33,759 |
| |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes |
| (3,969 | ) | 17,813 |
| 13,844 |
| |
Income tax benefit |
| — |
| 729 |
| 729 |
| |
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
| (3,969 | ) | 18,542 |
| 14,573 |
| |
Discontinued operations, net of income tax |
| (1,645 | ) | — |
| (1,645 | ) | |
Net income (loss) |
| $ | (5,614 | ) | 18,542 |
| 12,928 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Total revenues |
| $ | 33,352 |
| 38,774 |
| 72,126 |
|
Total expenses |
| 31,101 |
| (1,213 | ) | 29,888 |
| |
Income from continuing operations before income taxes |
| 2,251 |
| 39,987 |
| 42,238 |
| |
Income tax benefit |
| — |
| 157 |
| 157 |
| |
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
| 2,251 |
| 40,144 |
| 42,395 |
| |
Discontinued operations, net of income tax |
| (641 | ) | — |
| (641 | ) | |
Net income (loss) |
| $ | 1,610 |
| 40,144 |
| 41,754 |
|
46
Production Segment Results
The following table summarizes our production segment results for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands), and includes the results of our continuing production segments only:
|
|
|
|
| Total |
| ||
|
| Wholesale |
| Retail |
| Production |
| |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Revenues |
| $ | 19,969 |
| 7,657 |
| 27,626 |
|
Direct expenses |
| 17,755 |
| 8,912 |
| 26,667 |
| |
Segment contribution |
| 2,214 |
| (1,255 | ) | 959 |
| |
Corporate overhead allocation |
| 4,200 |
| 728 |
| 4,928 |
| |
Loss from continuing operations |
| $ | (1,986 | ) | (1,983 | ) | (3,969 | ) |
Funding volume |
| $ | 860,523 |
| 150,795 |
| 1,011,318 |
|
Segment contribution as % of volume |
| 0.26 | % | (0.83 | )% | 0.09 | % | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Revenues |
| $ | 24,926 |
| 8,426 |
| 33,352 |
|
Direct expenses |
| 16,827 |
| 9,143 |
| 25,970 |
| |
Segment contribution |
| 8,099 |
| (717 | ) | 7,382 |
| |
Corporate overhead allocation |
| 4,322 |
| 809 |
| 5,131 |
| |
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
| $ | 3,777 |
| (1,526 | ) | 2,251 |
|
Funding volume |
| $ | 975,905 |
| 171,956 |
| 1,147,861 |
|
Segment contribution as % of volume |
| 0.83 | % | (0.42 | )% | 0.64 | % |
Production segment net income decreased in the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the same period in 2005, primarily due to a 12% decrease in loan originations and a reduction in the gain on sale revenue allocation per funding dollar, as narrowing interest margins in 2006 contributed to reduced sale premiums. As interest rates increased during 2005, the industry-wide margin compression on new loan originations resulted in a decrease in revenues per loan in our production segments. We expect margins to remain at these compressed levels in the near-term future as the industry adjusts rates on new loan originations to mirror changes in the yield curve. In 2006, we expect our production segments to originate a total of approximately $5.0 to $6.2 billion, which represents 85% to 100% of 2005 volume level, the lower range of which reflects industry forecasts of 20% fewer mortgage originations. To address the market revenue compression and increase segment contribution, we have hired additional account executives and loan officers to increase origination volume, and are continuing to implement cost efficiency measures, including our new loan origination system.
Wholesale Segment. Our wholesale segment continued to report a positive segment contribution before corporate allocation in the three months ended March 31, 2006, although lower than 2005, due to reduced sale margins in 2006. In 2005, the industry responded to competitive pressures in an increasing interest rate environment by originating loans with narrower net interest income spreads, which generally reduced sale premiums. Direct expenses rose in the three months ended March 31, 2006 to 2.1% of origination volume, compared to 1.7% in the same period in 2005, and reflect higher salary costs related to additional account executives hired to sustain funding volumes in a reduced overall mortgage marketplace. Higher base salary expenses are partially offset by lower variable loan costs including commissions, as our commission plan was restructured to reduce compensation for narrower margins in the current lending environment.
47
Retail Segment. Segment contribution in the three months ended March 31, 2006 was lower than the same period in 2005 reflecting a 12% reduction in origination volume while revenue as a percent of volume rose to 5.1% in the first three months of 2006 from 4.9% in the same period in 2005, due to a lower component of second lien originations, which typically earn lower sale premiums, and higher fee income from loans brokered to third-parties. Our retail direct expenses decreased 2.5% in the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the same period in 2005, as we streamlined our marketing initiatives in 2005 and appointed new management to support our initiatives to improve cost efficiencies within the production centers.
Operating Segment Results
The following table summarizes our operating segment results for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):
|
|
|
| Corporate |
|
|
| |||||
|
| Investment |
| Segment |
| Reconciliations |
| Total |
| Total |
| |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Revenues |
| $ | 32,724 |
| 143 |
| (12,890 | ) | (12,747 | ) | 19,977 |
|
Direct expenses |
| 2,899 |
| 10,787 |
| (6,594 | ) | 4,193 |
| 7,092 |
| |
Segment contribution |
| 29,825 |
| (10,644 | ) | (6,296 | ) | (16,940 | ) | 12,885 |
| |
Corporate overhead allocation |
| — |
| (5,068 | ) | 140 |
| (4,928 | ) | (4,928 | ) | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes |
| $ | 29,825 |
| (5,576 | ) | (6,436 | ) | (12,012 | ) | 17,813 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Revenues |
| $ | 59,875 |
| 36 |
| (21,137 | ) | (21,101 | ) | 38,774 |
|
Direct expenses |
| 2,985 |
| 9,185 |
| (8,252 | ) | 933 |
| 3,918 |
| |
Segment contribution |
| 56,890 |
| (9,149 | ) | (12,885 | ) | (22,034 | ) | 34,856 |
| |
Corporate overhead allocation |
| — |
| (5,479 | ) | 348 |
| (5,131 | ) | (5,131 | ) | |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes |
| $ | 56,890 |
| (3,670 | ) | (13,233 | ) | (16,903 | ) | 39,987 |
|
Investment Portfolio. The Investment Portfolio contribution decrease in the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the same period in 2005 reflects the decrease in net interest income after provision for losses earned by our portfolio of loans held for investment. The decline is primarily due to a decrease in our average 2006 net interest income margin, partially offset by a higher portfolio balance. Net interest margin plus the net cash received on our swaps declined to 2.6% in the first quarter of 2006 from 3.6% in the comparable period last year, as our older, higher margin loans prepaid and new loans were added to the portfolio at lower margins. The margins available on new loans narrowed, as intense market competition for new loans did not permit coupons on new originations to increase at the same rate as the increase in financing costs for these loans, which are indexed to rising market interest rates.
Direct expenses primarily include the third party servicing expense relating to our portfolio of loans held for investment and the salaries incurred for portfolio management personnel. We anticipate investment segment contribution for the remainder of 2006 to be lower than the comparable periods in 2005, primarily due to narrower net interest margins on the loans to be originated in 2006 compared to the loans currently in our portfolio which are expected to prepay in 2006, partially offset by the planned growth of our held for investment portfolio to approximately $6.0 billion by the end of 2006.
Corporate. The direct expenses reported under segment results rose 17% in the three months ended March 31, 2006 to $10.8 million compared to $9.2 million in the same period in 2005, and include additional audit fees, additional technology, legal and accounting personnel costs, and incremental amortization expense for in-service components of our new loan origination system. We expect direct expenses to increase in 2006 reflecting costs to be incurred for the implementation of Sarbanes-Oxley Act compliance measures and additional technology salaries, depreciation and maintenance expenses related to placing our new loan origination software system fully into service.
48
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As a mortgage lending company, we borrow substantial sums of money to fund the mortgage loans we originate. After funding, our primary operating subsidiary, FMC, holds all of the conforming loans and some of the non-conforming loans that it originates in inventory (warehouse) prior to sale. We hold the remainder of the non-conforming loans for investment in our portfolio. Our primary cash requirements include:
· funding mortgages;
· premiums paid in connection with loans originated in the wholesale channel;
· interest expense on our credit facilities and securitization financings;
· ongoing general and administration expenses;
· derivative transactions; and
· REIT stockholder distributions — as a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our shareholders.
Our primary cash sources include:
· borrowings from our credit facilities secured by mortgage loans held in inventory and the securities we retain from our securitizations;
· proceeds from the issuance of securities collateralized by the loans in our portfolio;
· proceeds of whole loan sales;
· principal and interest collections relative to the mortgage loans held in inventory; and
· points and fees collected from the origination of retail and wholesale loans.
We rely on our securitizations as a primary source of liquidity. As of March 31, 2006, we have completed ten securitizations, issuing an aggregate of $8.3 billion of mortgage-backed securities.
The following is a summary of the securitizations issued by series during the year ended December 31, 2005 and the three months ended March 31, 2006 (in millions):
|
| FMIT |
| FMIT |
| FMIT |
| FMIT |
|
Issue date |
| Feb 2005 |
| Aug 2005 |
| Nov 2005 |
| Mar 2006 |
|
Bonds issued |
| $729 |
| 911 |
| 1,094 |
| 904 |
|
Loans pledged |
| $750 |
| 967 |
| 1,165 |
| 933 |
|
Bond ratings—Standard and Poor’s |
| AAA–BBB- |
| AAA–A+ |
| AAA–A+ |
| AAA–BBB |
|
Bond ratings—Moody’s |
| Aaa–Baa3 |
| Aaa–Baa2 |
| Aaa–Baa2 |
| Aaa–Baa3 |
|
Financing costs—LIBOR plus |
| 0.12% - 2.00% |
| 0.12% - 1.35% |
| 0.12% -1.45% |
| 0.08% -2.30% |
|
Weighted average spread over LIBOR |
| 0.40% |
| 0.38% |
| 0.37% |
| 0.32% |
|
Transaction fees |
| 0.36% |
| 0.33% |
| 0.30% |
| 0.32% |
|
49
We use our various credit facilities to fund substantially all of our loan originations. Fieldstone Mortgage sells the mortgage loans it holds within two or three months of origination and pays down these facilities with the proceeds. We issue mortgage-backed securities to pay down those facilities financing our loans held for investment.
The material terms and features of these credit facilities as of March 31, 2006 (in millions):
Lender |
| Committed |
| Uncommitted |
| Maturity |
| Range of |
| Minimum |
| Maximum |
| Minimum |
| |||
Countrywide Warehouse Lending |
| $ | 75.0 |
| — |
| August 2006 |
| 95%-99.5% |
| $ | 250.0 |
| 17:1 |
| $ | N/A |
|
Countrywide Early Purchase Program |
| — |
| 50.0 |
| Uncommitted |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| |||
Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Capital(1) |
| 400.0 |
| — |
| April 2006 |
| 91%-96% |
| 400.0 |
| 16:1 |
| 15.0 |
| |||
Credit Suisse, New York Branch Commercial Paper Facility |
| 600.0 |
| — |
| July 2006 |
| 92.5% |
| 400.0 |
| 16:1 |
| 15.0 |
| |||
JPMorgan Chase Bank |
| 150.0 |
| — |
| June 2006 |
| 95%-97% |
| 400.0 |
| 16:1 |
| 20.0 |
| |||
Lehman Brothers Bank |
| 300.0 |
| — |
| December 2006 |
| 91.5%-94.5% |
| 250.0 |
| 16:1 |
| 15.0 |
| |||
Merrill Lynch Bank USA |
| 300.0 |
| — |
| November 2006 |
| 91%-96% |
| 250.0 |
| 17:1 |
| N/A |
| |||
Subtotal |
| 1,825.0 |
| 50.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Liquid Funding (Bear Stearns)(2) |
| — |
| 200.0 |
| Uncommitted |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| |||
Lehman Brothers(2) |
| — |
| 200.0 |
| Uncommitted |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| |||
Total |
| $ | 1,825.0 |
| 450.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
(1) The Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Capital facility has been renewed through April 2007.
(2) Facilities remain open indefinitely, but may be terminated by either party at any time.
50
Under our warehouse lines and repurchase facilities, interest is payable monthly in arrears and outstanding principal is payable upon receipt of loan sale proceeds or transfer of a loan into a securitization trust. Outstanding principal is also repayable upon the occurrence of certain disqualifying events, which include a mortgage loan in default for a period of time, a repaid mortgage loan, a mortgage loan obtained with fraudulent information or the failure to cure a defect in a mortgage loan’s documentation. Outstanding principal also is repayable if the mortgage loan does not close, but had been pledged and funds were advanced. Our warehouse lines and repurchase facilities contain terms mandating principal repayment if a loan remains on the line after a contractual time period from date of funding, or on the maturity date of the facility.
In addition to our traditional warehouse lines and credit facilities, in October 2005 one of our wholly owned subsidiaries, FMOC, which holds the securities we retain in our securitizations (Retained Securities), entered into two repurchase facilities, each with the uncommitted amount of $200 million and each secured by FMOC’s pledge of the Retained Securities. The first facility is with Liquid Funding, Ltd. (Liquid Funding), an affiliate of Bear Stearns Bank plc, and remains open indefinitely, but may be terminated by either party at any time, and bears interest at an annual rate of LIBOR plus an additional percentage. As of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, $45.2 million and $86.1 million, respectively, of borrowings were outstanding under this agreement.
The second facility is with Lehman Brothers Inc. and Lehman Commercial Paper Inc. (together, Lehman Brothers), and is scheduled to remain open indefinitely, but may be terminated by either party at any time, and bears interest at an annual rate of LIBOR plus an additional percentage. As of March 31, 2006, no borrowings were outstanding under this agreement. As of December 31, 2005, $62.8 million of borrowings were outstanding under this agreement.
A primary component of our liquidity strategy is to finance our mortgage loans held for sale and our loans held for investment (prior to issuing securities collateralized by those loans) through a diverse group of lending counterparties and to schedule frequent sales or securitizations of loans so that the average holding period of our inventory of loans generally does not exceed 60 days.
We use our excess cash from operations to reduce the advances on our warehouse lines or repurchase facilities. This process reduces our debt outstanding and the corresponding interest expense incurred and results in a pool of highly liquid mortgage collateral available to secure borrowings to meet our working capital needs. This pool of available collateral totaled approximately $180 million and $199 million as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively. We expect to continue to invest our working capital in our portfolio of loans held for investment.
The warehouse lines and repurchase facilities are secured by substantially all of our mortgage loans (prior to issuing securities collateralized by these loans) and contain customary financial and operating covenants that, among other things, require us to maintain specified levels of liquidity and net worth, restrict indebtedness other than in the ordinary course of business, restrict investments in other entities except in certain limited circumstances, restrict our ability to engage in mergers, consolidations or substantially change the nature or character of our business and require compliance with applicable laws. We were in compliance with all of these covenants at March 31, 2006.
For our warehouse lines and repurchase facilities, advances bear interest at annual rates that vary depending upon the type of mortgage loans securing the advance of LIBOR plus an additional percentage which ranges from 0.23% to 1.35%. We are required to pay facilities fees ranging from 0.10% to 0.15% of the committed amount of the facility. We are also required to pay non-use fees of 0.125% on unused amounts which exceed certain thresholds relating to the average outstanding balance of the facility.
Cash Flows
For the three months ended March 31, 2006, our cash flow provided by operations was $309.6 million compared to $105.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2005. The increase in operating cash flows in 2006 as compared to 2005 is primarily due to the increase in loans sold in the first quarter of 2006 compared to
51
the first quarter of 2005. Our cash used in investing activities was $227.6 million and $367.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The decrease in cash used in investing activities in 2006 compared to 2005 primarily relates to the lower volume of loans funded for investment in the first quarter of 2006. As a result of the “coupon filter” that we use to allocate loans to held for investment versus held for sale, the compressed net interest margins on loans originated in the quarter ended March 31, 2006 resulted in more of the loans being funded as loans held for sale rather than as loans held for investment. Investing cash flows, as presented in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, will typically be negative because they exclude the net proceeds from mortgage warehouse financing and securitization financing used to support the increase in our investment in mortgage loans. We are required to show the net proceeds from, or repayments of, mortgage financing in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as cash flow from financing activities and not as investing cash flow. Our cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities were $(84.5) million and $235.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. A lower level of cash was provided by financing activities because of the lower origination volumes, and higher sales and portfolio loan prepayments in the first quarter of 2006.
REIT Taxable Income
To maintain our status as a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income each year to our shareholders. Federal tax rules calculate REIT taxable income in a manner that, in certain respects, differs from the calculation of consolidated net income pursuant to GAAP. Our consolidated GAAP net income will differ from our REIT taxable income primarily for the following reasons:
· the provision for loan loss expense recognized for GAAP purposes is based upon our estimate of probable loan losses inherent in our current portfolio of loans held for investment, for which we have not yet recorded a charge-off (tax accounting rules allow a deduction for loan losses only in the period when a charge-off occurs);
· the mark to market valuation changes to our interest rate swap derivatives recognized for GAAP purposes are not recognized for tax accounting;
· the differences between GAAP and tax methodologies for capitalization of origination expenses; and
· income of a TRS is included in the REIT’s earnings for consolidated GAAP purposes; tax rules for REIT taxable income do not provide for a REIT to recognize income of the TRS until a TRS pays a dividend to the REIT.
Our REIT taxable income will continue to differ from our GAAP consolidated income, particularly during the period in which we build our investment portfolio.
REIT taxable income is a non-GAAP financial measure within the meaning of Regulation G promulgated by the SEC. Management believes that the presentation of REIT taxable income provides useful information to investors regarding the estimated annual distributions to our investors. The presentation of REIT taxable income is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP.
52
The following table is a reconciliation of GAAP net income to REIT taxable net income for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and the year ended December 31, 2005 (in thousands):
|
| Three Months Ended |
| Year Ended |
| |
Consolidated GAAP pre-tax net income |
| $ | 11.1 |
| 102.9 |
|
Plus: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Provision for loan losses in excess of actual charge-offs |
| 1.2 |
| 21.5 |
| |
Variance in recognition of net origination expenses |
| (0.2 | ) | 6.4 |
| |
Less: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Taxable REIT subsidiary pre-tax net (income) loss |
| 5.3 |
| (9.6 | ) | |
Mark to market valuation changes on derivatives |
| (1.9 | ) | (9.0 | ) | |
Miscellaneous other |
| (0.2 | ) | (7.2 | ) | |
REIT taxable income |
| $ | 15.3 |
| 105.0 |
|
REIT taxable income for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and the year ended December 31, 2005 is subject to change until we file our REIT federal tax return.
(a) Loan Commitments
At March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, we had origination commitments outstanding to fund approximately $451 million and $422 million in mortgage loans, respectively. Fixed rate and hybrid ARM mortgages which are fixed for the initial two to three year term of the loan, comprised 97.54% and 97.0%, respectively, of the outstanding origination commitments. We had forward delivery commitments to sell approximately $0.5 billion and $1.3 billion of loans at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively, of which $67.5 million and $745.9 million, respectively, were mandatory sales of mortgage-backed securities and investor whole loan trades. At March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, we had a commitment to sell $415 million and $580 million, respectively, of treasury note forward contracts, used to economically hedge the interest rate risk of its non-conforming loans.
(b) Legal Matters
See a description of our material legal proceedings contained in Part I, Item 1, Note 11 (b) of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Because the nature of our business involves the collection of numerous accounts, the validity of liens and compliance with various state and federal lending and consumer protection laws, we are subject to various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business related to foreclosures, bankruptcies, condemnation and quiet title actions and alleged statutory and regulatory violations. We are also subject to other legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business related to employee matters. All of these ordinary course proceedings, individually and taken as a whole, are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
53
Other Operational and Investment Portfolio Data
Loan Fundings
The following table indicates our total loan fundings of loans held for investment and loans held for sale for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, |
| ||||||||
|
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| |||||
|
| Fundings |
| % of |
| Fundings |
| % of |
| |
Mortgage Loan Fundings: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Wholesale |
| $ | 860,523 |
| 76% |
| 975,905 |
| 67% |
|
Retail |
| 150,795 |
| 13% |
| 171,956 |
| 12% |
| |
Discontinued operations |
| 127,797 |
| 11% |
| 307,991 |
| 21% |
| |
Total fundings |
| $ | 1,139,115 |
| 100% |
| 1,455,852 |
| 100% |
|
Loan fundings decreased to $1.1 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to $1.5 billion in the same period in 2005. The decrease in loan fundings in the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the same period in 2005 was due primarily to a rising interest rate environment and mortgage originator price competition. In 2006, we expect non-conforming fundings to be approximately $5.0 to $6.2 billion, which represents 85% to 110% of 2005 volume level, the lower range of which reflects industry forecasts of 20% fewer mortgage originations in 2006 than 2005.
Originated Non-Conforming Loan Characteristics
The following tables provide a summary of the characteristics of our total non-conforming loan originations for the three months ended March 31, 2006 (in thousands):
Income Documentation
|
| Aggregate |
| Percent |
| Weighted |
| Weighted |
| Average |
| Weighted |
| Weighted |
| ||
Full Documentation |
| $ | 424,736 |
| 43.3% |
| 8.3% |
| 621 |
| $ | 114 |
| 84.7% |
| 93.7% |
|
Stated Income Wage Earner |
| 264,687 |
| 27.0% |
| 8.7% |
| 680 |
| 170 |
| 85.0% |
| 96.1% |
| ||
Stated Income Self Employed |
| 182,362 |
| 18.6% |
| 8.7% |
| 663 |
| 186 |
| 84.0% |
| 94.4% |
| ||
24 Month Bank Statements |
| 21,706 |
| 2.2% |
| 8.2% |
| 629 |
| 182 |
| 85.4% |
| 93.1% |
| ||
12 Month Bank Statements | �� | 84,039 |
| 8.6% |
| 8.5% |
| 636 |
| 178 |
| 84.3% |
| 94.7% |
| ||
Limited Documentation |
| 2,477 |
| 0.3% |
| 8.5% |
| 644 |
| 130 |
| 85.4% |
| 93.0% |
| ||
Total |
| $ | 980,007 |
| 100.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Weighted Average/Average |
|
|
|
|
| 8.5% |
| 646 |
| 142 |
| 84.6% |
| 94.5% |
| ||
54
Credit Score
|
| Aggregate |
| Percent |
| Weighted |
| Weighted |
| Average |
| Weighted |
| Weighted |
| Percent Full |
| |
500 – 549 |
| $ | 22,823 |
| 2.3% |
| 9.9% |
| 535 |
| 131 |
| 79.0% |
| 81.0% |
| 80.8% |
|
550 – 599 |
| 159,568 |
| 16.3% |
| 8.7% |
| 581 |
| 122 |
| 83.7% |
| 90.9% |
| 77.0% |
| |
600 – 649 |
| 355,178 |
| 36.2% |
| 8.4% |
| 626 |
| 129 |
| 84.3% |
| 94.8% |
| 54.8% |
| |
650 – 699 |
| 294,064 |
| 30.0% |
| 8.4% |
| 671 |
| 161 |
| 85.1% |
| 96.2% |
| 21.3% |
| |
700 or greater |
| 148,374 |
| 15.2% |
| 8.3% |
| 729 |
| 180 |
| 86.2% |
| 96.7% |
| 17.7% |
| |
Total |
| $ | 980,007 |
| 100.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average/Average |
|
|
|
|
| 8.5% |
| 646 |
| 142 |
| 84.6% |
| 94.5% |
| 43.3% |
|
Product Type
|
| Aggregate |
| Percent |
| Weighted |
| Weighted |
| Average |
| Weighted |
| Weighted |
| Percent Full |
| |
2/28 LIBOR ARM |
| $ | 334,590 |
| 34.1% |
| 8.5% |
| 618 |
| 151 |
| 82.8% |
| 92.4% |
| 55.6% |
|
2/28 LIBOR ARM IO |
| 340,059 |
| 34.7% |
| 8.0% |
| 666 |
| 291 |
| 82.7% |
| 96.0% |
| 26.5% |
| |
3/27 LIBOR ARM |
| 22,017 |
| 2.3% |
| 7.8% |
| 642 |
| 163 |
| 81.6% |
| 93.1% |
| 66.5% |
| |
3/27 LIBOR ARM IO |
| 63,088 |
| 6.4% |
| 7.6% |
| 672 |
| 293 |
| 83.7% |
| 97.2% |
| 39.9% |
| |
5/25 Treasury ARM |
| 1,863 |
| 0.2% |
| 8.2% |
| 636 |
| 169 |
| 78.8% |
| 85.0% |
| 74.9% |
| |
5/25 Treasury ARM IO |
| 3,596 |
| 0.4% |
| 7.5% |
| 674 |
| 327 |
| 82.5% |
| 90.0% |
| 48.1% |
| |
Fixed Rate |
| 67,719 |
| 6.9% |
| 7.9% |
| 645 |
| 132 |
| 80.4% |
| 87.7% |
| 69.6% |
| |
Fixed Rate IO |
| 3,346 |
| 0.3% |
| 8.0% |
| 681 |
| 223 |
| 83.9% |
| 95.5% |
| 64.3% |
| |
6 month LIBOR ARM |
| 628 |
| 0.1% |
| 8.4% |
| 672 |
| 157 |
| 80.0% |
| 88.9% |
| 30.1% |
| |
6 month LIBOR ARM IO |
| 1,055 |
| 0.1% |
| 8.0% |
| 678 |
| 352 |
| 80.3% |
| 99.8% |
| 0.0% |
| |
2nd Liens |
| 118,074 |
| 12.0% |
| 10.8% |
| 654 |
| 47 |
| 99.1% |
| 99.1% |
| 39.1% |
| |
2/38 LIBOR ARM |
| 22,283 |
| 2.3% |
| 8.1% |
| 647 |
| 225 |
| 84.4% |
| 95.2% |
| 39.4% |
| |
3/37 LIBOR ARM |
| 1,689 |
| 0.2% |
| 7.8% |
| 645 |
| 241 |
| 82.7% |
| 95.4% |
| 61.1% |
| |
Total |
| $ | 980,007 |
| 100.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average/Average |
|
|
|
|
| 8.5% |
| 646 |
| 142 |
| 84.6% |
| 94.5% |
| 43.3% |
|
Cost to Produce
Cost to produce is a non-GAAP financial measure within the meaning of Regulation G promulgated by the SEC. Management believes that the presentation of cost to produce provides useful information to investors regarding financial performance because this measure includes additional costs to originate mortgage loans, both recognized when incurred and deferred costs, which are not included in total expenses under GAAP. In addition, the production segments’ cost to produce includes the allocation of the direct expenses of the operating segments, which include corporate home office costs and investment portfolio management costs. The presentation of cost to produce is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP. The following discussion includes the cost to produce from our Wholesale, Retail, Corporate and Investment Portfolio segments, and excludes the results of our discontinued conforming Portfolio segments.
55
As required by Regulation G, a reconciliation of cost to produce to the most directly comparable measure under GAAP, which is total expenses, is provided below for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended |
| ||||
|
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| |
Total expenses |
| $ | 33,759 |
| 29,888 |
|
Deferred origination costs |
| 6,506 |
| 8,061 |
| |
Servicing costs—internal and external |
| (3,255 | ) | (3,319 | ) | |
Total operating costs |
| 37,010 |
| 34,630 |
| |
Premiums paid, net of fees collected |
| (1,398 | ) | 592 |
| |
Cost to produce* |
| $ | 35,612 |
| 35,222 |
|
Mortgage loan fundings: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Wholesale |
| $ | 860,523 |
| 975,905 |
|
Retail |
| 150,795 |
| 171,956 |
| |
Mortgage loan fundings* |
| $ | 1,011,318 |
| 1,147,861 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cost to produce as % of mortgage loan fundings |
| 3.52 | % | 3.07 | % | |
Total operating costs as % of mortgage loan fundings |
| 3.66 | % | 3.02 | % | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cost to produce as % of mortgage loan fundings: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Total expenses |
| 3.34 | % | 2.60 | % | |
Deferred origination costs |
| 0.64 | % | 0.70 | % | |
Servicing costs—internal and external |
| (0.32 | )% | (0.28 | )% | |
Total general and administrative costs |
| 3.66 | % | 3.02 | % | |
Premiums paid, net of fees collected |
| (0.14 | )% | 0.05 | % | |
Cost to produce as % of mortgage loan fundings |
| 3.52 | % | 3.07 | % | |
Segment cost to produce as % of mortgage loan fundings: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Wholesale |
| 3.34 | % | 2.90 | % | |
Retail |
| 4.61 | % | 4.14 | % |
* Excludes cost to produce and mortgage loan fundings relating to discontinued operations.
Our cost to produce increased in the three months ended March 31, 2006 from the same period in the prior year due primarily to (i) a rising level of fixed costs supporting lower funding volumes, (ii) an increase in home office costs as a percent of volume due to the disposal of the conforming division in the first quarter of 2006 and related reduction in 2006 total loan volume, (iii) increased salaries related to additional account executives and loan officers hired to maintain market share and non-conforming loan origination volume in a flat origination environment, and (iv) the cost of implementing our new loan origination software system.
These increases were partially offset by a lower commission structure in the wholesale segment as a response to narrower market interest spreads, combined with reductions in marketing costs incurred by our retail segment. We expect our cost to produce to decrease throughout the remainder of 2006 due primarily to a higher loan origination volume expectation, and cost reduction initiatives in process in the areas of variable loan costs, telecom and office expenses.
Wholesale Segment. Our wholesale segment net cost to produce increased in the three months ended March 31, 2006 from the same period in 2005, primarily due to increased salaries and benefits related to additional sales personnel, and the incremental occupancy and general and administrative costs related to expansion offices in the west and northwestern region of the country during the period subsequent to March 31, 2005.
56
Retail Segment. The increase in our retail segment cost to produce in the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the same period in 2005 reflects higher salary and benefit costs due to a 37% increase in loan officers in 2006, partially offset by a reduction in marketing costs as we streamlined our marketing initiatives throughout 2005.
Investment Portfolio
The following tables provide a summary of the characteristics of the principal balance of our portfolio of loans held for investment as of March 31, 2006 (in thousands):
Income Documentation
|
| Aggregate |
| Percent of |
| Weighted |
| Weighted |
| Average |
| Weighted |
| Weighted |
| ||
Full Documentation |
| $ | 2,501,052 |
| 45.5% |
| 7.3% |
| 619 |
| $ | 160 |
| 82.0% |
| 91.4% |
|
Stated Income Wage Earner |
| 1,511,929 |
| 27.5% |
| 7.3% |
| 688 |
| 212 |
| 78.8% |
| 95.1% |
| ||
Stated Income Self Employed |
| 945,345 |
| 17.2% |
| 7.4% |
| 671 |
| 234 |
| 79.1% |
| 93.1% |
| ||
24 Month Bank Statements |
| 186,569 |
| 3.4% |
| 7.2% |
| 626 |
| 231 |
| 83.3% |
| 91.4% |
| ||
12 Month Bank Statements |
| 326,387 |
| 5.9% |
| 7.4% |
| 635 |
| 224 |
| 82.4% |
| 92.4% |
| ||
Limited Documentation |
| 24,423 |
| 0.5% |
| 7.3% |
| 639 |
| 207 |
| 79.2% |
| 93.4% |
| ||
Total |
| $ | 5,495,705 |
| 100.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Weighted Average/Average |
|
|
|
|
| 7.3% |
| 648 |
| $ | 188 |
| 80.7% |
| 92.7% |
|
Credit Score
|
| Aggregate |
| Percent of |
| Weighted |
| Weighted |
| Average |
| Weighted |
| Weighted |
| Percent |
| ||
500 – 549 |
| $ | 280,778 |
| 5.1% |
| 8.5% |
| 532 |
| $ | 133 |
| 79.2% |
| 81.2% |
| 82.4% |
|
550 – 599 |
| 864,047 |
| 15.7% |
| 7.8% |
| 578 |
| 157 |
| 81.7% |
| 86.7% |
| 75.4% |
| ||
600 – 649 |
| 1,546,470 |
| 28.2% |
| 7.3% |
| 626 |
| 188 |
| 81.8% |
| 91.8% |
| 63.4% |
| ||
650 – 699 |
| 1,796,118 |
| 32.7% |
| 7.1% |
| 673 |
| 214 |
| 80.7% |
| 95.8% |
| 25.2% |
| ||
700 or greater |
| 1,008,292 |
| 18.3% |
| 7.0% |
| 732 |
| 202 |
| 78.3% |
| 97.1% |
| 18.4% |
| ||
Total |
| $ | 5,495,705 |
| 100.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Weighted Average/Average |
|
|
|
|
| 7.3% |
| 648 |
| $ | 188 |
| 80.7% |
| 92.7% |
| 45.5% |
|
57
Product Type
|
| Aggregate |
| Percent of |
| Weighted |
| Weighted |
| Average |
| Weighted |
| Weighted |
| Percent |
| ||
2/28 LIBOR ARM |
| $ | 1,766,123 |
| 32.1% |
| 7.8% |
| 620 |
| $ | 142 |
| 81.1% |
| 90.7% |
| 55.8% |
|
2/28 LIBOR ARM IO |
| 2,794,444 |
| 50.9% |
| 7.0% |
| 664 |
| 260 |
| 82.1% |
| 94.5% |
| 36.5% |
| ||
3/27 LIBOR ARM |
| 204,149 |
| 3.7% |
| 7.4% |
| 623 |
| 144 |
| 81.7% |
| 90.2% |
| 63.8% |
| ||
3/27 LIBOR ARM IO |
| 324,865 |
| 5.9% |
| 6.9% |
| 662 |
| 255 |
| 81.7% |
| 92.3% |
| 45.5% |
| ||
5/25 Treasury ARM |
| 23,043 |
| 0.4% |
| 6.5% |
| 655 |
| 176 |
| 76.9% |
| 85.4% |
| 67.4% |
| ||
5/25 Treasury ARM IO |
| 65,393 |
| 1.2% |
| 6.4% |
| 672 |
| 277 |
| 80.8% |
| 89.5% |
| 64.0% |
| ||
Fixed Rate |
| 186,056 |
| 3.4% |
| 7.6% |
| 641 |
| 141 |
| 79.3% |
| 88.2% |
| 68.2% |
| ||
Fixed Rate IO |
| 29,910 |
| 0.5% |
| 7.1% |
| 666 |
| 234 |
| 80.4% |
| 91.3% |
| 55.6% |
| ||
6 Month LIBOR ARM |
| 710 |
| 0.0% |
| 8.2% |
| 679 |
| 177 |
| 79.9% |
| 90.2% |
| 26.6% |
| ||
6 Month LIBOR ARM IO |
| 3,820 |
| 0.1% |
| 7.5% |
| 682 |
| 212 |
| 80.9% |
| 94.1% |
| 16.0% |
| ||
2nd Liens |
| 81,146 |
| 1.5% |
| 10.2% |
| 717 |
| 57 |
| 18.9% |
| 99.5% |
| 11.3% |
| ||
2/38 LIBOR ARM |
| 14,045 |
| 0.3% |
| 8.2% |
| 647 |
| 223 |
| 83.4% |
| 94.1% |
| 34.7% |
| ||
3/37 LIBOR ARM |
| 545 |
| 0.0% |
| 7.7% |
| 679 |
| 273 |
| 85.9% |
| 91.6% |
| 61.8% |
| ||
40 Year Fixed |
| 1,456 |
| 0.0% |
| 8.1% |
| 611 |
| 208 |
| 80.2% |
| 83.8% |
| 69.9% |
| ||
Total |
| $ | 5,495,705 |
| 100.0% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Weighted Average/Average |
|
|
|
|
| 7.3% |
| 648 |
| $ | 188 |
| 80.7% |
| 92.7% |
| 45.5% |
|
Core Net Income and Core Earnings Per Share (Diluted)
Core net income and core earnings per share (diluted) are non-GAAP financial measures within the meaning of Regulation G promulgated by the SEC. Management believes that the presentation of core net income and core earnings per share (diluted) provides useful information to investors regarding financial performance because this measure excludes the non-cash mark to market gains or losses on interest rate swap and cap agreements. The presentation of core net income and core earnings per share (diluted) is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP.
As required by Regulation G, a reconciliation of net income and earnings per share (diluted) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, presented in accordance with GAAP, to core net income and core earnings per share (diluted) is provided below for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):
58
| Three Months Ended |
| ||||
|
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| |
Core net income: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net income |
| $ | 12,928 |
| 41,754 |
|
Less: Mark to market (gain) loss on portfolio derivatives included in “Other income (expense) — portfolio derivatives” |
|
|
|
|
| |
Mark to market interest rate swaps |
| (1,894 | ) | (20,558 | ) | |
Mark to market interest rate cap |
| — |
| (70 | ) | |
Total mark to market on portfolio derivatives |
| (1,894 | ) | (20,628 | ) | |
Less: Amortization of interest rate swap buydown payments |
| (867 | ) | — |
| |
Core net income |
| $ | 10,167 |
| 21,126 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Core earnings per share (diluted): |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net income |
| $ | 12,928 |
| 41,754 |
|
Unvested restricted stock dividends |
| (78 | ) | — |
| |
Net income available to common shareholders |
| 12,850 |
| 41,754 |
| |
Less: Mark to market (gain) loss on portfolio derivatives |
| (1,894 | ) | (20,628 | ) | |
Amortization of interest rate swap buydown payments |
| (867 | ) | — |
| |
Core net income available to common shareholders |
| $ | 10,089 |
| 21,126 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Earnings per share — diluted |
| $ | 0.27 |
| 0.86 |
|
Core earnings per share — diluted |
| $ | 0.21 |
| 0.44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding |
| 48,273,985 |
| 48,519,518 |
|
The decrease in core net income during the three months ended March 31, 2006 compared to the same period in 2005, was primarily due to a $9.2 million, or 23.4%, decrease in core net interest income on loans held for investment after provision for loan losses as our older, higher margin portfolio loans prepaid and new loans were added to the portfolio at lower margins. The margins available on new loans narrowed, as intense market competition for new loans did not permit coupons on new originations to increase at the same rate as the increase in financing costs, which are indexed to rising market interest rates. The decline in margin was partially offset by an increase in our average portfolio balance to $5.5 billion in the first quarter of 2006, from $4.9 billion in the comparable period last year.
Core Net Interest Income and Margin
Core net interest income after provision for loan losses is a non-GAAP financial measure within the meaning of Regulation G promulgated by the SEC. Management believes that the presentation of core net
59
interest income after provision for loan losses provides useful information to investors because this measure includes the effect of the net cash settlements on the existing interest rate swap and cap agreements economically hedging the variable rate debt financing the portfolio of mortgage loans and the net cash settlements incurred or paid to terminate those derivatives prior to maturity. Core net interest income after provision for loan losses does not include the net cash settlements incurred or paid to terminate swaps or caps related to loans ultimately sold. The presentation of core net interest income after provision for loan losses is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP.
As required by Regulation G, a reconciliation of net interest income after provision for loan losses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, presented in accordance with GAAP, to core net interest income after provision for loan losses is provided below for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended |
| ||||
|
| 2006 |
| 2005 |
| |
Core net interest income after provision for loan losses: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses |
| $ | 24,800 |
| 43,029 |
|
Plus: Net cash settlements received (paid) on portfolio derivatives included in “Other income (expense) — portfolio derivatives |
| 10,264 |
| (286 | ) | |
Less: Amortization of interest rate swap buydown payments |
| (867 | ) | — |
| |
Core net interest income after provision for loan losses |
| $ | 34,197 |
| 42,743 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Interest income loans held for investment |
| $ | 95,113 |
| 82,836 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Interest expense loans held for investment |
| 68,916 |
| 38,608 |
| |
Plus: Net cash settlements received (paid) on portfolio derivatives |
| (10,264 | ) | 286 |
| |
Plus: Amortization of interest rate swap buydown payments |
| 867 |
| — |
| |
Core interest expense — loans held for investment |
| 59,519 |
| 38,894 |
| |
Core net interest income loans held for investment |
| 35,594 |
| 43,942 |
| |
Provision for loan losses loans held for investment |
| 5,393 |
| 4,494 |
| |
Core net interest income loans held for investment after provision for loan losses |
| 30,201 |
| 39,448 |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Net interest income loans held for sale |
| 3,996 |
| 3,295 |
| |
Core net interest income after provision for loan losses |
| $ | 34,197 |
| 42,743 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Core yield analysis: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Core yield analysis — loans held for investment: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Coupon interest income on loans held for investment |
| 7.07 | % | 6.68 | % | |
Amortization of deferred origination costs. |
| (0.50 | )% | (0.46 | )% | |
Prepayment fees |
| 0.41 | % | 0.56 | % | |
Yield on loans held for investment |
| 6.98 | % | 6.78 | % | |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Cost of financing for loans held for investment |
| 5.17 | % | 3.28 | % | |
Net cash settlements (received) paid on portfolio derivatives |
| (0.77 | )% | 0.03 | % | |
Amortization of interest rate swap buydown payments |
| 0.06 | % | 0.00 | % | |
Core cost of financing for loans held for investment |
| 4.46 | % | 3.31 | % |
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Net yield on loans held for investment |
| 1.92 | % | 3.62 | % |
Net cash settlements received (paid) on portfolio derivatives |
| 0.75 | % | (0.02 | )% |
Amortization of interest rate swap buydown payments |
| (0.06 | )% | 0.00 | % |
Core net yield on loans held for investment |
| 2.61 | % | 3.60 | % |
Provision for loan losses — loans held for investment |
| (0.40 | )% | (0.37 | )% |
Core yield on loans held for investment after provision for loan losses |
| 2.21 | % | 3.23 | % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core yield analysis — loans held for sale: |
|
|
|
|
|
Yield on loans held for sale |
| 8.00 | % | 7.91 | % |
Cost of financing for loans held for sale |
| 4.91 | % | 4.04 | % |
Net yield on loans held for sale |
| 4.84 | % | 6.08 | % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core yield analysis — loans held for investment and loans held for sale: |
|
|
|
|
|
Yield — net interest income on loans held for sale and loans held for investment after provision for loan losses |
| 1.72 | % | 3.37 | % |
Net cash settlements received (paid) on portfolio derivatives |
| 0.71 | % | (0.02 | )% |
Amortization of interest rate swap buydown payments |
| (0.06 | )% | 0.00 | % |
Core yield — net interest income on loans held for sale and loans held for investment after provision for loan losses |
| 2.37 | % | 3.35 | % |
Core net interest margin in the three months ended March 31, 2006 was lower than the same period in 2005 due to the lower net interest margins available on new loans added to the portfolio throughout the twelve months ended March 31, 2006, as older loans financed with lower rate debt and swaps prepaid and were replaced with new loans with coupons that did not rise to the same extent as the increase in financing costs on the debt and swaps indexed to the rising LIBOR interest rate.
Core Equity and Core Portfolio Leverage
Core equity and core portfolio leverage are non-GAAP financial measures within the meaning of Regulation G promulgated by the SEC. Management believes that the presentation of core equity and core portfolio leverage provide useful information to investors because these measures exclude the cumulative non-cash mark to market gains or losses on interest rate swap and cap agreements economically hedging the variable rate debt financing the portfolio of mortgage loans and include the cumulative amortization of interest rate swap buydown payments. The presentation of core equity and core portfolio leverage are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP.
As required by Regulation G, a reconciliation of equity and portfolio leverage, presented in accordance with GAAP, to core equity and core portfolio leverage are provided below as of March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 (in thousands):
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|
| March 31, |
| December 31, |
| |
Core equity: |
|
|
|
|
| |
Equity balance at period end |
| $ | 516,858 |
| 526,643 |
|
Less: Cumulative mark to market (gain) loss on portfolio derivatives included in “Other income (expense) — portfolio derivatives” |
| (28,007 | ) | (26,113 | ) | |
Less: Cumulative amortization of interest rate swap buydown payments |
| (1,622 | ) | (755 | ) | |
Core equity balance at period end |
| $ | 487,229 |
| 499,775 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Portfolio debt (warehouse financing —loans held for investment and securitization financing) |
| $ | 5,500,779 |
| 5,377,327 |
|
Portfolio leverage (portfolio debt to equity) |
| 10.6:1 |
| 10.2:1 |
| |
Core portfolio leverage (portfolio debt to core equity) |
| 11.3:1 |
| 10.8:1 |
|
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 156, “Accounting For Servicing of Financial Assets-an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140,” (Statement No. 156). Statement No. 156 amends the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,” (Statement No. 140), with respect to the accounting for separately recognized servicing rights. Statement No. 156 requires an entity to initially recognize, at fair value, a servicing asset or servicing liability each time it undertakes an obligation to service a financial asset by entering into a servicing contract in certain situations. In addition, Statement No. 156 permits the subsequent measurement of servicing assets and servicing liabilities using the fair value method or the amortization method as prescribed under Statement No. 140. Statement No. 156 is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. The Company will adopt Statement No. 156, as applicable, beginning in fiscal year 2007. Management believes that the implementation of Statement No. 156 will not have a material effect on our results of operations, statements of condition or cash flows.
In February 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 155, “Accounting For Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments-an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140,” (Statement No. 155). Statement No. 155 amends Statement No. 133, to permit fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument with an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation, provided that the whole instrument is accounted for on a fair value basis. Statement No. 155 amends Statement No. 140 to allow a qualifying special-purpose entity to hold a derivative financial instrument that pertains to a beneficial interest other than another derivative financial instrument. Statement No. 155 is effective for all financial instruments acquired, issued or subject to a remeasurement (new basis) event occurring after the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. The Company will adopt Statement No. 155, as applicable, beginning in fiscal year 2007. Management believes that the implementation of Statement No. 155 will not have a material effect on our results of operations, statements of condition or cash flows.
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In December 2005, the FASB issued Staff Position 94-6-1, “Terms of Loan Products That May Give Rise to a Concentration of Credit Risk,” (FSP 94-6-1). FSP 94-6-1 clarifies that loan products that expose an originator, holder, investor, guarantor or servicer to an increased risk of non-payment or not realizing the full value of the loan, such as non-traditional loan products, may result in a concentration of credit risk as defined in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” (Statement No. 107). FSP 94-6-1 also emphasizes the requirement to assess the adequacy of disclosures for all lending products (including both secured and unsecured loans) and the effect of changes in market or economic conditions on the adequacy of those disclosures. The guidance under FSP 94-6-1 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending December 19, 2005 and for loan products that are determined to represent a concentration of credit risk, disclosure requirements of Statement No. 107 should be provided for all periods presented. The adoption of FSP 94-6-1 has not had a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In December 2004, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123R, “Share Based Payments” (Statement No. 123R), requiring, among other things, that the compensation cost of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees, which cost is based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the grant date, be reflected in the income statement over the requisite service period. In March 2005, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (SAB No. 107). SAB No. 107 expresses the views of the SEC regarding Statement No. 123R and certain rules and regulations and provides the SEC’s view regarding the valuation of share-based payment arrangements for public companies. In April 2005, the SEC amended the compliance dates for Statement No. 123R to the beginning of the next fiscal year after June 15, 2005. In November 2003, the Company adopted the fair value method of accounting for grants of stock options and restricted stock as prescribed by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation-Transition and Disclosure.” Under this method, compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the award’s vesting period. The implementation of Statement No. 123R and SAB No. 107 has not had a material effect on the Company’s results of operations, statements of condition or cash flows.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of March 31, 2006, we were not a party to any off-balance sheet arrangements.
Inflation affects us most significantly in the effect it has on interest rates and real estate values. Our level of loan originations is affected by the level and trends of interest rates. Interest rates normally increase during periods of high inflation (or in periods when the Federal Reserve Bank raises short-term interest rates in an attempt to prevent inflation) and decrease during periods of low inflation. In addition, inflation of real estate values increases the equity homeowners have in their homes and increases the volume of refinancing loans we can originate as borrowers draw down on the increased equity in their homes. We believe that real estate inflation will improve the performance of the loans originated by us in the past, reducing delinquencies and defaults, as borrowers protect or borrow against the equity in their homes.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
General
The market risk discussions and timing of re-pricing of our interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities are forward-looking statements that assume that certain market conditions occur. Actual results may differ materially from these forecasts due to changes in our held for sale portfolio and borrowings mix and due to developments in the finance and real estate markets, including the likelihood of changing interest rates and the impact of these changes on our net interest margin, cost of funds and cash flows. The methods we utilize to assess and mitigate these market risks should not be considered projections of future events or operating performance.
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We carry interest-sensitive assets on our balance sheet that are financed by interest-sensitive liabilities. We are subject to interest rate risk because the interval for re-pricing of the assets and liabilities is not matched. An increase or decrease in interest rates would affect our net interest income and the fair value of our mortgage loans held for investment and held for sale as well as the related financing. We employ hedging strategies to manage the interest-rate risk inherent in our assets and liabilities. These strategies are designed to create gains when movements in interest rates would cause our cash flows or the value of our assets to decline and to result in losses when movements in interest rates cause our cash flows and/or the value of our assets to increase.
The interest rates on our hybrid ARM loans held for investment are fixed for the first two to three years of the loan, after which the interest rates reset every six months to the then-current market rate. The interest rates on the bonds financing these loans reset to current market rates each month during the entire term of the loan. During the period we are receiving fixed rate payments on our loans, we use interest rate swaps to pay fixed rate payments to the swap counter-party, and receive variable interest rate payments which match the interest rates on our financing interest costs. The swap of “variable for fixed” rates allows us to match fund our loans during the fixed period of the loans.
Effects of Interest Rate Volatility
Changes in interest rates impact our earnings and cash flows in several ways. Interest rate changes can affect our net interest income on our hybrid mortgages held for investment (net of the cost of financing these assets). We estimate the duration of our hybrid loans in our investment portfolio and our policy is to economically hedge the financing of the loans during the period in which the loans are paying a fixed coupon, while being financed with floating rate debt indexed to LIBOR. During an increasing interest rate environment, our assets may prepay more slowly than expected, requiring us to finance a higher amount of fixed assets with floating rate debt than originally anticipated, at a time when interest rates may be higher, resulting in a decline in our net return. In order to manage our exposure to changes in the prepayment speed of our hybrid loan assets, we regularly monitor the portfolio balance, revise the amounts anticipated to be outstanding in future periods and adjust the notional balance of our hedging derivatives to mitigate this risk.
During a rising interest rate environment, there may be lower total loan origination and refinance activity. At the same time, a rising interest rate environment may result in a larger percentage of ARM products being originated, mitigating the impact of lower overall loan origination and refinance activity. Conversely, during a declining interest rate environment, consumers, in general, may favor fixed-rate mortgage products over ARM and hybrid products. A flat or inverted yield curve may shift borrower preference from an ARM mortgage loan to a fixed mortgage loan.
If interest rates decline, the rate of prepayment on our mortgage assets may increase during the two to three year initial life of our loans held for investment. Increased prepayments would cause us to amortize the deferred origination costs of our mortgage assets faster, resulting in a reduced yield on our mortgage assets. Additionally, to the extent proceeds of prepayments cannot be reinvested at a rate of interest at least equal to the rate previously earned on such mortgage assets, our earnings may be adversely affected.
Conversely, if interest rates rise, the rate of prepayment on our mortgage assets during the initial fixed pay period of the assets’ life may decrease. Decreased prepayments would cause us to amortize the deferred origination costs of our ARM assets over a longer time period, resulting in an increased yield on our mortgage assets.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness as of March 31, 2006 of our disclosure
64
controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13(a)-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our system of disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2006.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Except as set forth below, there were no changes to our system of internal control over financial reporting during the first quarter of 2006 that had a material effect or could materially affect the internal control over financial reporting. During the first quarter of 2006, we took steps to address the material weakness related to our controls over the process for determining the application of accounting principles to individual transactions discussed in detail in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005. These steps included an update to our tax accounting policies and procedures to address and remediate this material weakness.
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In addition to the proceedings discussed below, we are subject to various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business related to foreclosures, bankruptcies, condemnation and quiet title actions and alleged statutory and regulatory violations. Our management believes that any liability with respect these legal actions, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations or financial position.
Bass Litigation:
On May 24, 2004, all of our former shareholders whose shares were redeemed following the closing of the 144A Offering (the “Former Shareholders”), filed an action in the District Court of Tarrant County, Texas, against us, Fieldstone Mortgage and KPMG LLP (KPMG), alleging that the Former Shareholders whose shares were redeemed for approximately $188.1 million, are entitled to an additional post-closing redemption price payment of approximately $19.0 million. On September 9, 2004, KPMG served its response to plaintiffs’ request for disclosure, stating, among other things, that KPMG has determined that the deferred tax asset, which is reflected in our December 31, 2003 audited financial statements, should have been reflected in our financial statements as of November 13, 2003, the day immediately prior to the closing of the 144A Offering. At the present time, the ultimate outcome of this claim and the amount of liability, if any, that may result is not determinable, and no amounts have been accrued in our financial statements with respect to this claim. On October 28, 2005, we served a cross claim against KPMG. Our cross claim asserts, among other claims, that KPMG’s withdrawal of its audit report on the November 13, 2003 balance sheet was improper and that due to this improper withdrawal we suffered damages. In addition, the cross claim asserts that in the event the Former Shareholders prevail in their suit, KPMG negligently advised us regarding the November 13, 2003 balance sheet giving rise to this dispute. The cross claim seeks a judgment against KPMG in an amount in excess of $1 million, plus prejudgment interest for the attorneys fees and costs incurred in this lawsuit. A trial date has been scheduled for October 9, 2006.
We intend to vigorously defend against the claim made by the Former Shareholders described above. If we ultimately are unsuccessful in defending this matter, we could be required to make a cash payment of up to $19.0 million to the Former Shareholders, plus potential interest and third-party costs associated with the litigation. Excluding interest or third-party costs, which may be payable as part of a settlement, the potential payment will be an increase in the redemption price of their shares and recorded as a reduction of our paid-in capital in the period in
66
which the dispute is resolved and will be paid out of our working capital and will not be reflected in our income statement.
Rhodes Litigation:
On January 9, 2006, a class action lawsuit was filed naming Fieldstone Mortgage in the Northern District of Illinois (Eastern Division) alleging violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”). The class action is entitled Rhodes v. Fieldstone Mortgage Company. Plaintiff alleges that Fieldstone Mortgage violated the firm offer of credit guidelines encapsulated in 15 U.S.C. §1681 et seq. during its mail marketing campaign in or around April 2005. Specifically, Plaintiff alleges that Fieldstone Mortgage did not comply with the statutory guidelines in providing a firm offer of credit to the potential consumer. Pursuant to 15 U.S.C. §1681 et seq., statutory damages can range from $100 to $1,000 per mailing in the event that the violation is deemed willful. No motion for class certification has yet been filed in this case. Fieldstone Mortgage filed a motion to dismiss/motion to strike pursuant to Federal Rule 12(b)(6) for the injunctive relief portion of the compliant. This action is in the initial stage of discovery.
Due to the uncertain nature of the litigation at this time, we are unable to estimate the probable outcome of this matter. While we intend to continue to vigorously defend this claim and believe we have meritorious defenses available to us, there can be no assurance we will prevail and that an adverse outcome would not have a material effect on our results of operations.
For information on our other material legal proceedings, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.
There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.
Not applicable.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
See the Exhibit Index for list of exhibits filed with this report.
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Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| Fieldstone Investment Corporation | |||
|
| (registrant) | ||
|
|
|
|
|
Dated May 15, 2006 |
| By: |
| /s/ Michael J. Sonnenfeld |
|
|
|
| Michael J. Sonnenfeld |
|
|
|
| President and Chief Executive Officer |
|
|
|
|
|
Dated May 15, 2006 |
| By: |
| /s/ Nayan V. Kisnadwala |
|
|
|
| Nayan V. Kisnadwala |
|
|
|
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
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Exhibit |
|
|
2.1(1) |
| Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 13, 2006, by and between Fieldstone Mortgage Company and Wausau Mortgage Corporation. |
|
|
|
10.1† |
| Employment Agreement dated as of September 1, 2003 by and between Fieldstone Mortgage Company and James T. Hagan. (Filed herewith) |
|
|
|
10.2† |
| Extended Severance Benefit Agreement by and between Fieldstone Investment Corporation and Cynthia L. Harkness dated February 27, 2006. (Filed herewith) |
|
|
|
10.3(4)† |
| Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement for Senior Executives. |
|
|
|
10.4(3)† |
| Amended and Restated Parameters of Awards of Stock Options and Restricted Shares. |
|
|
|
10.5(3)† |
| Form of Dividend Equivalent Rights Award Agreement. |
|
|
|
10.6(2)† |
| Employment Offer Letter, dated February 14, 2006, by and between Nayan V. Kisnadwala and Fieldstone Investment Corporation. |
|
|
|
10.7(4)† |
| Summary of Board of Directors’ Compensation. |
|
|
|
10.8(4)† |
| Summary of Named Executive Officers’ 2005 Bonuses and 2006 Annual Base Salaries. |
|
|
|
10.9(3) |
| Amendment No. 2 to Second Master Repurchase Agreement, dated as of February 22, 2006, among Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Capital LLC, Fieldstone Mortgage Company and Fieldstone Investment Corporation. |
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10.10(a)(4) |
| Amendment No. 1 to Master Repurchase Agreement, dated as of March 21, 2006, among Credit Suisse, New York Branch, Fieldstone Mortgage Company and Fieldstone Investment Corporation. |
|
|
|
10.10(b)(4) |
| Amendment No. 1 to Pricing Side Letter, dated as of January 23, 2006, among Credit Suisse, New York Branch, Fieldstone Mortgage Company and Fieldstone Investment Corporation. |
|
|
|
10.10(c)(4) |
| Amendment No. 2 to Pricing Side Letter, dated as of March 21, 2006, among Credit Suisse, New York Branch, Fieldstone Mortgage Company and Fieldstone Investment Corporation and the several Conduit Buyers and Committed Buyers Party hereto from time to time. |
|
|
|
31.1 |
| Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Filed herewith) |
|
|
|
31.2 |
| Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Filed herewith) |
|
|
|
32.1 |
| Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Furnished herewith) |
(1) Incorporated by reference to the registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 18, 2006.
(2) Incorporated by reference to the registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 16, 2006.
(3) Incorporated by reference to the registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2006.
(4) Incorporated by reference to the registrant’s Annual Report of Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005 filed with the SEC on April 14, 2006.
† Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan.
70