SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
R | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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| For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2010 |
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£ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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| For the Transition Period From to |
________________
Commission File Number 001-32209
WellCare Health Plans, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware | 47-0937650 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction | (I.R.S. Employer |
of Incorporation or Organization) | Identification No.) |
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8725 Henderson Road, Renaissance One | |
Tampa, Florida | 33634 |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) |
(813) 290-6200
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share | New York Stock Exchange |
(Title of Class) | (Name of Each Exchange on which Registered) |
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:
NONE
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes R No £
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 of Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes £ No R
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes R No £
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YesR No £
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. R
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer R | Accelerated filer £ | Non-accelerated filer £ | Smaller reporting company £ |
| | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes £ No R
The aggregate market value of Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant (assuming solely for the purposes of this calculation that all directors and executive officers of the registrant are “affiliates”) as of June 30, 2010 was approximately $994,479,473 (based on the closing sale price of the registrant's Common Stock on that date as reported on the New York Stock Exchange).
As of February 11, 2011, there were outstanding 42,510,011 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share.
Documents Incorporated by Reference: Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
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PART I | |
Item 1: Business | |
Item 1A: Risk Factors | |
Item 1B: Unresolved Staff Comments | |
Item 2: Properties | |
Item 3: Legal Proceedings | |
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PART II | |
Item 5: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | |
Item 6: Selected Financial Data | |
Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | |
Item 7A: Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk | |
Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | |
Item 9: Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | |
Item 9A: Controls and Procedures | |
Item 9B: Other Information | |
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PART III | |
Item 10: Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | |
Item 11: Executive Compensation | |
Item 12: Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | |
Item 13: Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | |
Item 14: Principal Accounting Fees and Services | |
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PART IV | |
Item 15: Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules | |
References to the “Company,” “WellCare,” “we,” “our,” and “us” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 (the “2010 Form 10-K”) refer to WellCare Health Plans, Inc., together, in each case, with our subsidiaries and any predecessor entities unless the context suggests otherwise.
PART I
Overview
We provide managed care services exclusively to government-sponsored health care programs, serving approximately 2.2 million members as of December 31, 2010. We believe that our broad range of experience and exclusive government focus allows us to effectively serve our members, partner with our providers and government clients, and efficiently manage our ongoing operations.
Through our licensed subsidiaries, as of December 31, 2010, we operated our Medicaid health plans in Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Missouri, New York and Ohio, and our Medicare Advantage (“MA”) coordinated care plans (“CCPs”) in Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio and Texas. We also operated a stand-alone Medicare prescription drug plan (“PDP”) in 49 states and the District of Columbia.
All of our Medicare plans are offered under the WellCare name, for which we hold a federal trademark registration, with the exception of our Hawaii CCP, which we offer under the name ‘Ohana. Conversely, we offer our Medicaid plans under a number of brand names depending on the state, as set forth in the table below.
State | Brand Name(s) |
Florida | Staywell; HealthEase |
Georgia | WellCare |
Hawaii | ‘Ohana |
Illinois | Harmony |
Missouri | Harmony |
New York | WellCare |
Ohio | WellCare |
We were formed in May 2002 when we acquired our Florida, New York and Connecticut health plans. From inception to July 2004, we operated through a holding company that was a Delaware limited liability company. In July 2004, immediately prior to the closing of our initial public offering, the limited liability company was merged into a Delaware corporation and we changed our name to WellCare Health Plans, Inc.
The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2010, a summary of our membership for all lines of business in each state in which we have more than 5% of our total membership as well as all other states in the aggregate.
| | | | Total | Percent of Total |
| Medicaid | Medicare Membership | Membership | Membership |
State | | MA | PDP | | |
Georgia | 566,000 | 7,000 | 29,000 | 602,000 | 27.1% |
Florida | 415,000 | 60,000 | 44,000 | 519,000 | 23.3% |
California | - | - | 205,000 | 205,000 | 9.2% |
Illinois | 141,000 | 10,000 | 21,000 | 172,000 | 7.7% |
Ohio | 101,000 | 3,000 | 20,000 | 124,000 | 5.6% |
New York | 78,000 | 19,000 | 25,000 | 122,000 | 5.5% |
All other states(1) | 39,000 | 17,000 | 424,000 | 480,000 | 21.6% |
Total | 1,340,000 | 116,000 | 768,000 | 2,224,000 | 100.0% |
(1) | Represents the aggregate of all states constituting individually less than 5% of total membership. |
Business Strategy
We are a leading provider of managed care services to government-sponsored health care programs. We operate exclusively within the Medicaid and Medicare programs, serving the full spectrum of eligibility groups, with a focus on lower income beneficiaries. Our primary mission is to help our government customers deliver cost-effective health care solutions, while improving health care quality and access for these programs. We are committed to operating our business in a manner that serves our key constituents – members, providers, government clients, and associates – while delivering competitive returns for our investors.
We have defined three long-term priorities, which include improving health care quality and access, achieving a competitive cost position for administrative and medical expenses, and delivering prudent, profitable growth. We plan to continue our focus on these priorities in 2011.
Improving health care quality and access
During 2010, we continued to strengthen our executive and management staff who are focused on health care quality and access. In terms of health plan accreditation, in July 2010 both of our Florida health plan subsidiaries received full Utilization Review Accreditation Committee's (“URAC”) accreditation. Our long-term goal is to obtain accreditation for all of our health plans.
Other measures of health care quality and access also showed improvement during 2010. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) published star ratings indicating progress for many of our 2011 MA plans and PDPs. In addition, we improved our Medicaid plans’ Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (“HEDIS”) scores.
Achieving a competitive cost position for administrative and medical expenses
Our cost management initiatives are concentrated on aligning our expense structure with our current revenue base through process improvements affecting administrative and medical costs and other initiatives.
In August 2010, we announced a strategic and organizational restructuring with the objective of ensuring administrative efficiency and a competitive cost structure. The restructuring included a workforce reduction and the elimination of a significant number of open positions resulting from streamlining and improving business processes and operations, including the centralization and consolidation of certain functions. We also allocated new resources and directed substantial investments to priority areas such as health care quality, compliance, information technology, and business development.
Assessment of opportunities to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our administrative processes remains an important discipline for us. We continue to evaluate our operations in order to achieve our long-term target of an administrative expense ratio in the low 10% range.
In addition, as a part of our medical cost initiatives, we have implemented provider contracting, case and disease management and pharmacy initiatives. These medical cost initiatives have contributed to the year-over-year reductions in our medical benefits ratios.
Delivering prudent and profitable growth
Our strategy for growth primarily entails entering new markets to pursue an attractive opportunity for our product lines. Upon establishing a presence, we leverage that infrastructure to establish our presence in the market place to pursue geographic expansion, product expansion or both.
During 2010, we focused on building additional resources as we sought to engage in a more normal level of business development activity. In our Medicaid segment, we continue to see increased interest on the part of state governments to consider managed care alternatives, and to strengthen and expand existing programs. Given the ongoing fiscal challenges and economic conditions, we believe that states increasingly are recognizing the value of collaborating with us to deliver quality, cost-effective health care solutions. We believe growth opportunities exist in the states in which we operate currently, as well as states we may decide to enter as a new market. Beginning in 2014, the impact of federal health care reform could result in a significant increase in Medicaid eligibility in our marke ts, which could result in increased membership in our health plans.
For our MA segment, we focused our activities on membership growth during the annual election period. Our products are designed to achieve an appropriate financial rate of return with benefit designs that are attractive to both current and prospective members. We invested in strengthening our sales processes and organization. In light of the shortened selling season and the elimination of the open enrollment period, we also invested to ensure an effective on-boarding experience for our new members. Based on our initiatives, we added approximately 2,000 members, net of disenrollment, to our plans effective January 1, 2011. We have also developed initiatives to grow membership for the balance of 2011. Special ne eds plans for dual eligible beneficiaries, which we offer in 110 of our 119 counties, are expected to be a continued source of membership growth throughout 2011.
Our PDP segment membership increased by 21,000 members year-over-year to 768,000 members at December 31, 2010. This growth primarily resulted from our plans being below the benchmarks in 19 of the 34 CMS regions in 2010, up from 12 regions in 2009. In addition, we strengthened the positioning of our benefits relative to member utilization patterns to offer more attractive products, while improving our margin rate. For 2011, our plans are below the benchmarks in 20 of the 34 CMS regions, an increase of one region from 2010, and are within the de minimis range in an additional eight regions. As a result, we added approximately 150,000 members, net of disenrollment, to our PDPs effective January 1, 2011.
Key Developments
Presented below are some key developments that have occurred since January 1, 2010 through the date of the filing of this 2010 Form 10-K.
| ▪ | In our Medicaid segment, we did not experience any rate reductions in 2010, and we received rate increases in several of our Medicaid markets. Among the increases were an approximately 1.5% to 2.0% net increase in Georgia effective July 1, 2010, and a net increase of approximately 2.5% to 3.0% in Florida effective September 1, 2010. |
| ▪ | We entered into a credit agreement in May 2010, which provides for a $65.0 million committed revolving credit facility that expires in November 2011. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement may be used for general corporate purposes. To date, we have not drawn upon this revolving credit facility. |
| ▪ | In June 2010, we reached a preliminary agreement (the “Preliminary Settlement”) with the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice, the Civil Division of the United States Attorney’s Office for the Middle District of Florida, and the Civil Division of the United States Attorney’s Office for the District of Connecticut to settle their pending inquiries. The Preliminary Settlement is subject to completion and approval of an executed written settlement agreement and other government approvals. |
| ▪ | In August 2010, we reached a preliminary agreement with the lead plaintiffs in the consolidated securities class action filed against us on the material terms of a settlement to resolve that action. A written settlement agreement was executed in December 2010. The settlement agreement was preliminarily appoved by the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (“Federal Court”) in February 2011 and is subject to final approval by the Federal Court following notice to all class members. |
| ▪ | The results of our PDP bids for 2011 resulted in our PDPs being below the benchmarks in 20 of the 34 CMS regions, an increase of one region from 2010, and within the de minimis range in an additional eight regions. Primarily as a result of these bids, we added approximately 150,000 members, net of disenrollment, to our PDPs effective January 1, 2011. |
General Economic and Political Environment
New governors recently took office in nearly all of our current Medicaid markets. These new administrations may propose and implement significant changes to current Medicaid programs in their respective states. These changes may include moving programs into managed care, such as the aged, blind and disabled (“ABD”) populations; expanding existing programs to provide coverage to those who are currently uninsured; and reprocurement of existing managed care programs. State budget shortfalls in many states will be a significant consideration in any changes to existing Medicaid programs.
The Georgia Department of Community Health is evaluating its Medicaid programs beyond July 1, 2012, which may include a re-bid of the programs for new contracts effective July 1, 2012. Louisiana and Texas, states in which we have offered MA plans for several years, are now contemplating new and expanded Medicaid managed care programs that would be very complementary to our existing operations and infrastructure.
Health Care Reform
In March 2010, President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the “2010 Acts”). We believe these laws will bring about significant changes to the American health care system. While these measures are intended to expand the number of United States citizens covered by health insurance and make other coverage, delivery, and payment changes to the current health care system, the costs of implementing the 2010 Acts will be financed, in part, by future reductions in the payments made to Medicare providers.
Provisions of the 2010 Acts will become effective over the next several years. Several departments within the federal government are responsible for issuing regulations and guidance on implementing the 2010 Acts. ��However, states have independently proposed health insurance reforms and mounted court challenges to the 2010 Acts. Congress has also recently initiated a reevaluation of certain provisions of the 2010 Acts. Because final rules and guidance on key aspects of the legislation have not yet been promulgated by the government regulators, the full impact of the 2010 Acts is still unknown. We believe that revisions to the existing system may put pressure on operating results, decrease member benefits, and/or increase member cost share, particularly with respect to MA plans.
The 2010 Acts include a number of changes to the way MA plans will operate in the future such as: basing premium payments partially on quality scores, establishing minimum medical loss ratios and imposing new taxes and assessments. As part of the health care reform legislation, MA payment benchmarks for 2011 were frozen at 2010 levels. Beginning in 2012, MA plan premiums will be partially tied to quality measures and based on a CMS “5-star rating system.” This rating system will allow an MA plan to receive an increase in certain premium rates. It is unknown whether these ratings will be geographically or demographically adjusted. The final methodology used in the determination of plan quality scores, which continues to be developed by CMS, could impact our ability to provide additional benefits and entice new me mbers. Our MA segment will become subject to a minimum medical loss ratio of 85% beginning in 2014. Commercial health plans became subject to a similar provision, though at a different rate, effective January 1, 2011. Regulations regarding the calculation of the minimum medical loss ratio for commercial plans were issued by the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) in November 2010. The expense amount used in the calculation of the minimum medical loss ratio will include certain administrative costs that improve the quality of care for members (“Quality Improvement Costs”). Quality Improvement Costs are generally defined as those that are designed to improve health outcomes, prevent hospital readmissions and enhance health care data to improve quality. Federal and state premium taxes will be excluded from the premium revenue used in the ratio calculation. The calculation will be performed annually on a plan by plan basis, and any plan with a medical loss ratio bel ow the target medical loss ratio will be required to return a percentage of premiums each year. Plans that come under the medical loss ratio target over three consecutive years may be subject to future enrollment penalties. HHS has not issued guidance specific to MA plans, but we are currently assessing the new guidance issued for commercial plans and we are analyzing which of our administrative costs may meet HHS's definition of Quality Improvement Costs. Our Medicaid segment is not subject to the minimum medical loss ratio provision of the 2010 Acts.
The health reforms in the 2010 Acts present both challenges and opportunities for our Medicaid business. We anticipate that the reforms could significantly increase the number of citizens who are eligible to enroll in our Medicaid products. However, state budgets continue to be strained due to economic conditions and uncertain levels of federal financing for current populations. As a result, the effects of any potential future expansions are uncertain, making it difficult to determine whether the net impact of the 2010 Acts will be positive or negative for our Medicaid business.
The 2010 Acts also include an annual assessment on the insurance industry beginning in 2014. The legislation anticipates that the $8 billion insurance industry assessment is likely to increase in subsequent years.
Segments
We have three reportable operating segments: Medicaid, MA and PDP, which are within our two main business lines: Medicaid and Medicare.
Medicaid was established to provide medical assistance to low-income and disabled persons. It is state operated and implemented, although it is funded and regulated by both the state and federal governments. Our Medicaid segment includes plans for beneficiaries of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (“TANF”) programs, Supplemental Security Income (“SSI”) programs, ABD programs and state-based programs that are not part of the Medicaid program, such as Children’s Health Insurance Programs (“CHIP”) and Family Health Plus (“FHP”) programs for qualifying families who are not eligible for Medicaid because they exceed the applicable income thresholds. TANF generally provides assistance to low-income families with children; ABD and SSI generally provide assistance to lo w-income aged, blind or disabled individuals.
The Medicaid programs and services we offer to our members vary by state and county and are designed to serve effectively our constituencies in the communities in which we operate. Although our Medicaid contracts determine, to a large extent, the type and scope of health care services that we arrange for our members, in certain markets we customize our benefits in ways that we believe make our products more attractive. Our Medicaid plans provide our members with access to a broad spectrum of medical benefits from many facets of primary care and preventive programs to full hospitalization and tertiary care.
In general, members are required to use our network to receive care, except in cases of emergencies, transition of care or when network providers are unavailable to meet their medical needs. In addition, members generally must receive a referral from their primary care provider (“PCP”) in order to receive health care from a specialist, such as an orthopedic surgeon or neurologist. Members do not pay any premiums, deductibles or co-payments for most of our Medicaid plans.
Medicaid Membership
The following table summarizes our Medicaid segment membership by line of business as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008.
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| 2010 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
Medicaid | | | | | |
TANF | 1,085,000 | | 1,094,000 | | 1,039,000 |
S-CHIP | 168,000 | | 163,000 | | 164,000 |
SSI and ABD | 77,000 | | 79,000 | | 75,000 |
FHP | 10,000 | | 13,000 | | 22,000 |
Total | 1,340,000 | | 1,349,000 | | 1,300,000 |
For purposes of our Medicaid segment, we define our customer as the state and related governmental agencies that have common control over the contracts under which we operate in that particular state. In our Medicaid segment, we had two customers from which we received over 10% of our consolidated premium revenue in 2010, 2009 and 2008. The following table summarizes our Medicaid segment membership for the State of Georgia, the State of Florida and all other states as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008.
| As of December 31, |
| 2010 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
Medicaid | | | | | |
Georgia | 566,000 | | 546,000 | | 483,000 |
Florida | 415,000 | | 425,000 | | 473,000 |
All other states* | 359,000 | | 378,000 | | 344,000 |
Total | 1,340,000 | | 1,349,000 | | 1,300,000 |
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* | “All other states” consists of Hawaii (2010 and 2009 only), Illinois, Missouri, New York and Ohio. |
Medicaid Segment Revenues
Our Medicaid segment generates revenues primarily from premiums received from the states in which we operate health plans. We receive a fixed premium per member per month (“PMPM”) pursuant to our state contracts. Our Medicaid contracts with state governments are generally multi-year contracts subject to annual renewal provisions. We generally recognize premium revenue during the period in which we are obligated to provide such services to our members and receive premium payments during the month in which we provide services, although we have experienced delays in receiving monthly payments from certain states. In some instances, our base premiums are subject to risk score adjustments based on the acuity of our membership. Generally, the risk score is determined by the state analyzing encounter submissions of processed claims data to determine the acuity of our membership relative to the entire state’s Medicaid membership. Some contracts allow for additional premium related to certain supplemental services provided such as maternity deliveries. Revenues are recorded based on membership and eligibility data provided by the states, which may be adjusted by the states for any subsequent updates to this data. Historically, these eligibility adjustments have been immaterial in relation to total revenue recorded and are reflected in the period known.
The following table sets forth information relating to the premium revenues received from the State of Florida and the State of Georgia in 2010, 2009 and 2008, as well as all other states on an aggregate basis.
| | For the Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
State | | Revenue (In Millions) | | | Percentage of Total Segment Revenue | | | Revenue (In Millions) | | | Percentage of Total Segment Revenue | | | Revenue (In Millions) | | | Percentage of Total Segment Revenue | |
Georgia | | $ | 1,375.0 | | | | 41.6 | % | | $ | 1,330.0 | | | | 40.8 | % | | $ | 1,227.0 | | | | 41.0 | % |
Florida | | | 890.0 | | | | 26.9 | % | | | 917.0 | | | | 28.2 | % | | | 979.0 | | | | 32.7 | % |
All other states* | | | 1,044.0 | | | | 31.5 | % | | | 1,010.0 | | | | 31.0 | % | | | 785.0 | | | | 26.3 | % |
Total | | $ | 3,309.0 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 3,257.0 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 2,991.0 | | | | 100.0 | % |
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* | “All other states” consists of Hawaii (2010 and 2009 only), Illinois, Missouri, New York and Ohio. |
Our Florida Medicaid and Healthy Kids contracts and Illinois Medicaid contract require us to expend a minimum percentage of premiums on eligible medical expense, and to the extent that we expend less than the minimum percentage of the premiums on eligible medical expense, we are required to refund all or some portion of the difference between the minimum and our actual allowable medical expense. We estimate the amounts due to the state as a return of premium each period based on the terms of our contract with the applicable state agency.
Our Medicaid contracts with government agencies have terms of between one and five years with varying expiration dates. We currently provide Medicaid plans under fifteen separate contracts: seven contracts in New York, three contracts in Florida and one contract in each of Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Missouri and Ohio. The following table sets forth the terms and expiration dates of our Medicaid contracts with the State of Florida and the State of Georgia, the two customers that each accounted for greater than 10% of our consolidated premium revenue during 2010, 2009 and 2008.
State | | Line of Business | | Term of Contract | | Expiration Date of Current Term |
Florida | | • Staywell Medicaid | | 3-year term | | 8/31/12 |
Florida | | • HealthEase Medicaid | | 3-year term | | 8/31/12 |
Florida | | • Healthy Kids* | | 1-year term w/1 one-year renewal(1) | | 9/30/11 |
Georgia | | • Medicaid and PeachCare for Kids* | | 1-year term w/ 6 one-year renewals(2) | | 6/30/11 |
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* | Florida Healthy Kids and Georgia PeachCare for Kids are CHIP programs. |
(1) | Our Florida Healthy Kids contract commenced in October 2010; we are currently in the initial term. The renewal is at the discretion of the respective state agency. |
(2) | Our Georgia contract commenced in July 2005; we are currently in our fifth renewal term. Renewals are at the discretion of the respective state agency. We currently anticipate that Georgia will renew our contract through the sixth renewal term. |
Medicare is a federal program that provides eligible persons age 65 and over and some disabled persons a variety of hospital, medical and prescription drug benefits. Our MA segment consists of MA plans, which following the exit of our private fee-for-service (“PFFS”) plans product on December 31, 2009, is comprised of coordinated care plans (“CCPs”). MA is Medicare’s managed care alternative to original Medicare fee-for-service (“Original Medicare”), which provides individuals standard Medicare benefits directly through CMS. CCPs are administered through health maintenance organizations (“HMOs”) and generally require members to seek health care services and select a primary care physician (“PCP”) from a network of health care providers. In addition, we offer Medica re Part D coverage, which provides prescription drug benefits, as a component of our MA plans.
We cover a wide spectrum of medical services through our MA plans. For many of our plans, we provide additional benefits not covered by Original Medicare, such as vision, dental and hearing services. Through these enhanced benefits, out-of-pocket expenses incurred by our members are generally reduced, which allows our members to better manage their health care costs.
Most of our MA plans require members to pay a co-payment, which varies depending on the services and level of benefits provided. Typically, members of our MA CCPs are required to use our network of providers except in specific cases such as emergencies, transition of care or when specialty providers are unavailable to meet their medical needs. MA CCP members may see an out-of-network specialist if they receive a referral from their PCP and may pay incremental cost-sharing. We have some flexibility in designing benefit packages and for many of our plans, we offer benefits that Original Medicare fee-for-service coverage does not offer. We also offer special needs plans (“D-SNPs”) for those who are dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid, in most o f our markets. We believe that our D-SNPs are attractive to these beneficiaries due to the enhanced benefit offerings and clinical support programs.
PFFS Plan Exit
In July 2008, the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act (“MIPPA”) became law and, in September 2008, CMS promulgated implementing regulations. MIPPA revised requirements for MA PFFS plans. In particular, MIPPA requires all PFFS plans that operate in markets with two or more network-based plans be offered on a networked basis. As we did not have provider networks in the majority of markets where PFFS plans were offered and given the costs associated with building the required networks, we did not renew our contracts to participate in the PFFS program for the 2010 plan year, resulting in a loss of approximately 95,000 members. The PFFS line of business shared resources with other lines of business including physical facilities, employees, marketing, and market distri bution systems. These costs are reflected in the administrative expense components of our results of operations. We continue to administer the PFFS program, which includes claims payments as well as providing member and provider services, for health care services provided prior to our exit on December 31, 2009.
MA Membership
As of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we had approximately 116,000, 225,000 and 246,000 MA members, respectively. In our MA segment, we have just one customer, CMS, from which we receive substantially all of our MA segment premium revenue.
MA Segment Revenues
The amount of premiums we receive for each MA member is established by contract, although the rates vary according to a combination of factors, including upper payment limits established by CMS, the member’s geographic location, age, gender, medical history or condition, or the services rendered to the member. MA premiums are due monthly and are recognized as revenue during the period in which we are obligated to provide services to members. We record adjustments to revenues based on member retroactivity. These adjustments reflect changes in the number and eligibility status of enrollees subsequent to when revenue was billed. We estimate the amount of outstanding retroactivity adjustments each period and adjust premium revenue accordingly; if appropriate, the estimates of retroactivity adjustments are based on historical trends, premiums billed, the volume of member and contract renewal activity and other information. Changes in member retroactivity adjustment estimates had a minimal impact on premiums recorded during the periods presented. Our government contracts establish monthly rates per member that may be adjusted based on member demographics such as age, working status or medical history.
MA premium revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was approximately $1,336.0 million, $2,776.0 million and $2,436.0 million, respectively. We currently offer MA plans under separate contracts with CMS for each of the states in which we offer such plans. Our MA contracts with CMS all have one year terms that expire at the end of each calendar year and are renewable by the parties; our current MA contracts expire on December 31, 2011.
Risk-Adjusted Premiums
CMS employs a risk-adjustment model to determine the premium amount it pays for each member. This model apportions premiums paid to all MA plans according to the health status of each beneficiary enrolled. As a result, our CMS monthly premium payments per member may change materially, either favorably or unfavorably. The CMS risk-adjustment model pays more for Medicare members with predictably higher costs. Diagnosis data from inpatient and ambulatory treatment settings are used to calculate the risk-adjusted premiums we receive. We collect claims and encounter data and submit the necessary diagnosis data to CMS within prescribed deadlines. After reviewing the respective submissions, CMS establishes the premium payments to MA plans generally at the beginning of the ca lendar year, and then adjusts premium levels on two separate occasions on a retroactive basis. The first retroactive adjustment for a given fiscal year generally occurs during the third quarter of such fiscal year. This initial settlement (the "Initial CMS Settlement") represents the updating of risk scores for the current year based on the severity of claims incurred in the prior fiscal year. CMS then issues a final retroactive risk-adjusted premium settlement for that fiscal year in the following year (the "Final CMS Settlement"). We reassess the estimates of the Initial CMS Settlement and the Final CMS Settlement each reporting period and any resulting adjustments are made to MA premium revenue.
We develop our estimates for risk-adjusted premiums utilizing historical experience and predictive models as sufficient member risk score data becomes available over the course of each CMS plan year. Our models are populated with available risk score data on our members. Risk premium adjustments are based on member risk score data from the previous year. Risk score data for members who entered our plans during the current plan year, however, is not available for use in our models; therefore, we make assumptions regarding the risk scores of this subset of our member population. All such estimated amounts are periodically updated as additional diagn osis code information is reported to CMS and adjusted to actual amounts when the ultimate adjustment settlements are either received from CMS or we receive notification from CMS of such settlement amounts.
As a result of the variability of factors that determine such estimates, including plan risk scores, the actual amount of CMS retroactive payment could be materially more or less than our estimates. Consequently, our estimate of our plans’ risk scores for any period, and any resulting change in our accrual of MA premium revenues related thereto, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Historically, we have not experienced significant differences between the amounts that we have recorded and the revenues that we ultimately receive. The data provided to CMS to determine the risk score is subject to audit by CMS even after the annual settlements occur. These audits may result in the refund of pr emiums to CMS previously received by us. While our experience to date has not resulted in a material refund, this refund could be significant in the future, which would reduce our premium revenue in the year that CMS determines repayment is required.
CMS has performed and continues to perform Risk Adjustment Data Validation (“RADV”) audits of selected MA plans to validate the provider coding practices under the risk adjustment model used to calculate the premium paid for each MA member. Our Florida MA plan was selected by CMS for audit for the 2007 contract year and we anticipate that CMS will conduct additional audits of other plans and contract years on an ongoing basis. The CMS audit process selects a sample of 201 enrollees for medical record review from each contract selected. We have responded to CMS’s audit requests by retrieving and submitting all available medical records and provider attestations to substantiate CMS-sampled diagnosis codes. CMS will use this documentation to calculate a payme nt error rate for our Florida MA plan 2007 premiums. CMS has not indicated a schedule for processing or otherwise responding to our submissions.
CMS has indicated that payment adjustments resulting from its RADV audits will not be limited to risk scores for the specific beneficiaries for which errors are found, but will be extrapolated to the relevant plan population. In late December 2010, CMS issued a draft audit sampling and payment error calculation methodology that it proposes to use in conducting these audits. CMS invited public comment on the proposed audit methodology and announced in early February 2011 that it will revise its proposed approach based on the comments received. CMS has not given a specific timetable for issuing a final version of the audit sampling and payment error calculation methodology. Given that the RADV au dit methodology is new and is subject to modification, there is substantial uncertainty as to how it will be applied to MA organizations like our Florida MA plan. At this time, we do not know whether CMS will require retroactive or subsequent payment adjustments to be made using an audit methodology that may not compare the coding of our providers to the coding of Original Medicare and other MA plan providers, or whether any of our other plans will be randomly selected or targeted for a similar audit by CMS. We are also unable to determine whether any conclusions that CMS may make, based on the audit of our plan and others, will cause us to change our revenue estimation process. Because of this lack of clarity from CMS, we are unable to estimate with any reasonable confidence a coding or payment error rate or predict the impact of extrapolating an applicable error rate to our Florida MA pl an 2007 premiums. However, it is likely that a payment adjustment will occur as a result of these audits, and that any such adjustment could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows, possibly in 2011 and beyond.
We offer stand-alone Medicare Part D coverage to Medicare-eligible beneficiaries through our PDP segment. The Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit is supported by risk sharing with the federal government through risk corridors designed to limit the losses and gains of the drug plans and by reinsurance for catastrophic drug costs. The government subsidy is based on the national weighted average monthly bid for this coverage, adjusted for risk factor payments. Additional subsidies are provided for dual-eligible beneficiaries and specified low-income beneficiaries. The Medicare Part D program offers national in-network prescription drug coverage that is subject to limitations in certain circumstances.
The Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit is available to MA enrollees as well as Original Medicare enrollees. We offer Part D coverage through stand-alone PDPs and as a component of many of our MA plans. Depending on medical coverage type, a beneficiary has various options for accessing drug coverage. Beneficiaries enrolled in Original Medicare can either join a stand-alone PDP or forego Part D drug coverage. Beneficiaries enrolled in MA CCPs can join a plan with Part D coverage, select a stand-alone PDP or forego Part D coverage.
As of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we had approximately 768,000, 747,000 and 986,000 PDP members, respectively. In our PDP segment, we have just one customer, CMS, from which we receive substantially all of our PDP segment premium revenue.
PDP Segment Revenues
We provide written bids to CMS for our PDPs, which include the estimated costs of providing prescription drug benefits over the plan year. The payments we receive monthly from CMS and members are based on our estimated costs for providing prescription drug insurance coverage. We recognize premium revenues for providing this insurance coverage ratably over the term of our contract. The amount of CMS payments relating to PDP coverage is subject to adjustment, positive or negative, based upon the application of risk corridors that compare our prescription drug costs in our bids to our actual prescription drug costs. For information on how PDP premiums are affected by the CMS risk-adjustment model, see the Risk-Adjusted Premiums discussion above.
PDP premium revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was approximately $785.0 million, $835.0 million and $1,056.0 million, respectively. We offer our PDPs under a single contract with CMS, which has a term of one year expiring on December 31, 2011 and is renewable by the parties.
Provider Networks
We contract with a wide variety of health care providers to provide our members with access to medically necessary services. Our contracted providers deliver a variety of services to our members, including: primary and specialty physician care; laboratory and imaging; inpatient, outpatient, home health and skilled facility care; medication and injectable drug therapy; ancillary services; durable medical equipment and related services; mental health and chemical dependency counseling and treatment; transportation; and dental, hearing and vision care.
The following are the types of providers in our Medicaid and MA CCP contracted networks:
| • | Professionals such as PCPs, specialty care physicians, psychologists and licensed master social workers; |
| • | Facilities such as hospitals with inpatient, outpatient and emergency services, skilled nursing facilities, outpatient surgical facilities and diagnostic imaging centers; |
| • | Ancillary providers such as laboratory providers, home health, physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, ambulance providers and transportation providers; and |
| • | Pharmacies, including retail pharmacies, mail order pharmacies and specialty pharmacies. |
These providers are contracted through a variety of mechanisms, including agreements with individual providers, groups of providers, independent provider associations, integrated delivery systems and local and national provider chains such as hospitals, surgical centers and ancillary providers. We also contract with other companies who provide access to contracted providers, such as pharmacy, dental, hearing, vision, transportation and mental health benefit managers.
PCPs play an important role in coordinating and managing the care of our Medicaid and MA CCP members. This coordination includes delivering preventive services as well as referring members to other providers for medically necessary services. PCPs are typically trained in internal medicine, pediatrics, family practice, general practice or, in some markets, obstetrics and gynecology. In rare instances, a physician trained in sub-specialty care will perform primary care services for a member with a chronic condition.
To help ensure quality of care, we credential and recredential all professional providers with whom we contract, including physicians, psychologists, licensed master social workers, certified nurse midwives, advanced registered nurse practitioners and physician assistants who provide care under the supervision of a physician directly or through delegated arrangements. This credentialing and recredentialing is performed in accordance with standards required by CMS and consistent with the standards of the National Committee for Quality Assurance (“NCQA”).
Our typical professional hospital and ancillary agreements provide for coverage of medically necessary care and, in general, have terms of one year. These contracts automatically renew for successive one-year periods unless otherwise specified in writing by either party. These contracts typically can be cancelled by either party, without cause, usually upon 90 days written notice. In some cases a longer notice period may be required, such as where a longer period is required by regulation or the applicable government contract.
Facility, pharmacy, dental, vision and behavioral health contracts cover medically necessary services and, under some of our plans, enhanced benefits. These contracts typically have terms of one to four years. These agreements may also automatically renew at the end of the contract period unless otherwise specified in writing by either party. During the contract period, these agreements typically can be terminated without cause upon written notice by either party, but the notification period may range from 90 to 180 days and early termination may subject the terminating party to financial penalties.
The contract terms require providers to participate in our quality improvement and utilization review programs, which we may modify from time to time, as well as all applicable state and federal regulations.
Provider Reimbursement Methods
We periodically review the fees paid to providers and make adjustments as necessary. Generally, the contracts with providers do not allow for automatic annual increases in reimbursement levels. Among the factors generally considered in adjustments are changes to state Medicaid or Medicare fee schedules, competitive environment, current market conditions, anticipated utilization patterns and projected medical expenses. Some provider contracts are directly tied to state Medicaid or Medicare fee schedules, in which case reimbursement levels will be adjusted up or down, generally on a prospective basis, based on adjustments made by the state or CMS to the appropriate fee schedule. |
Physicians and Provider Groups |
We reimburse some of our PCPs on a fixed-fee PMPM basis. This type of reimbursement methodology is commonly referred to as capitation. The reimbursement covers care provided directly by the PCP as well as coordination of care from other providers as described above. In certain markets, services such as vaccinations and laboratory or screening services delivered by the PCP may warrant reimbursement in addition to the capitation payment. Further, in some markets, PCPs may also be eligible for incentive payments for achieving certain measurable levels of compliance with our clinical guidelines covering prevention and health maintenance. These incentive payments may be paid as a periodic bonus or when submitting documentation of a member’s receipt of services. In limited instances, specialty care provider groups in certain regions a re paid a capitation rate to provide specialty care services to members in those regions.
In all instances, we require providers to submit data reporting all direct encounters with members. This data helps us to monitor the amount and level of medical treatment provided to our members to help improve the quality of care being provided and improve our compliance with regulatory reporting requirements. Our regulators use the encounter data that we submit, as well as data submitted by other health plans, to, in most instances, set reimbursement rates, assign membership, assess the quality of care being provided to members and evaluate contractual and regulatory compliance. We are reviewing our payment and data collection methods, particularly under capitated arrangements, to improve the accuracy and completeness of our encounter data.
PCPs in our MA CCP products and, in limited instances, in our Medicaid products, are eligible for a specialized risk arrangement to further align the interests of the PCPs with ours. Under these arrangements, we establish a risk fund for each provider based on a percentage of premium received. We periodically evaluate and monitor this fund on an individual or group basis to determine whether these providers are eligible for additional payments or, in the alternative, whether they should reimburse us. Payments due to us are normally carried forward and offset against future payments.
Specialty care providers and, in some cases, PCPs, are typically reimbursed a specified fee for the service performed, which is known as fee-for-service. The specified fee is set as a percentage of the amount Medicaid or Medicare would pay under the applicable fee-for-service program. For the year ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, approximately 13% and 16%, respectively, of our payments to physicians serving our Medicaid members were on a capitated basis and approximately 87% and 84%, respectively, were on a fee-for-service basis. During the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, approximately 17% and 10%, respectively, of our payments to physicians serving our Medicare members in MA CCPs were on a capitated basis and approximately 83% and 90%, respectively, were on a fee-for-service basis.
Facilities
Inpatient services are typically reimbursed as a fixed global payment for an admission based on the associated diagnosis related group, or DRG, as defined by CMS. In many instances, certain services, such as implantable devices or particularly expensive admissions, are reimbursed as a percentage of hospital charges either in addition to, or in lieu of, the DRG payment. Certain facilities in our networks are reimbursed on a negotiated rate paid for each day of the member’s admission, known as a per diem. This payment varies based upon the intensity of services provided to the member during admission, such as intensive care, which is reimbursed at a higher rate than general medical services.
Facility Outpatient Services |
Facility outpatient services are reimbursed either as a percentage of charges or based on a fixed fee schedule for the services rendered, in accordance with ambulatory payment groups or ambulatory payment categories, both as defined by CMS. Outpatient services for diagnostic imaging are reimbursed on a fixed fee schedule as a percentage of the applicable Medicare or Medicaid fee-for-service schedule or a capitation payment.
Ancillary Providers
Ancillary providers, who provide services such as laboratory services, home health, physical, speech and occupational therapy, and ambulance and transportation services, are reimbursed on a capitation or fee-for-service basis.
Pharmacy services are reimbursed based on a fixed fee for dispensing medication and a separate payment for the ingredients. Ingredients produced by multiple manufacturers are reimbursed based on a maximum allowable cost for the ingredient. Ingredients produced by a single manufacturer are reimbursed as a percentage of the average wholesale price. In certain instances, we contract directly with the sole source manufacturer of an ingredient to receive a rebate, which may vary based upon volumes dispensed during the year.
Out-of-Network Providers
When our members receive services for which we are responsible from a provider outside our network, such as in the case of emergency room services from non-contracted hospitals, we generally attempt to negotiate a rate with that provider. In most cases, when a member is treated by a non-contracted provider, we are obligated to pay only the amount that the provider would have received from traditional Medicaid or Medicare.
Member Recruitment
Our member recruitment and marketing efforts for both Medicaid and Medicare members are heavily regulated by state agencies and CMS. For many products, we rely on the auto assignment of members into our plans, including our PDP plan. The auto-assignment of a beneficiary into a health or prescription drug plan generally occurs when that beneficiary does not choose a plan. The agency with responsibility for the program determines the approach by which a beneficiary becomes a member of a plan serving the program. Some programs assign members to a plan automatically based on predetermined criteria. These criteria frequently include a plan’s rates, the outcome of a bidding process, or similar factors. For example, CMS auto-assigns PDP members based on whether a plan’s bids during the annual renewal process are above or below th e CMS benchmark. In most states, our Medicaid health plans benefit from auto-assignment of individuals who do not choose a plan upfront but for whom participation in managed care programs is mandatory. Each state differs in its approach to auto-assignment, but one or more of the following criteria is typical in auto-assignment algorithms: a Medicaid beneficiary’s previous enrollment with a health plan or experience with a particular provider contracted with a health plan, enrolling family members in the same plan, a plan’s quality or performance status, a plan’s network and enrollment size, awarding all auto-assignments to a plan with the lowest bid in a county or region, and equal assignment of individuals who do not choose a plan in a specified county or region.
Our Medicaid marketing efforts are regulated by the states in which we operate, each of which imposes different requirements for, or restrictions on, Medicaid sales and marketing. These requirements and restrictions can be revised from time to time. Several states, including our two largest Medicaid states, Florida and Georgia, do not permit direct sales by Medicaid health plans. We rely on member selection and auto-assignment of Medicaid members into our plans in those states.
Until August 2009, Florida’s Agency for Healthcare Administration (“AHCA”) used its assignment algorithm to allocate beneficiaries to each of our two Florida subsidiaries in counties in which both subsidiaries operate in the same manner as beneficiaries were allocated to other separate plans. AHCA has revised its policy regarding the application of the algorithm and now allocates members to our two subsidiaries as if they were a single plan in these Florida counties. This change has reduced the number of beneficiaries auto-assigned to our Florida plans.
Our Medicare marketing and sales activities are regulated by CMS and the states in which we operate. CMS has oversight over all, and in some cases has imposed advance approval requirements with respect to, marketing materials used by MA plans, and our sales activities are limited to activities such as conveying information regarding benefits, describing the operations of managed care plans and providing information about eligibility requirements. The activities of our independently licensed insurance agents are also regulated by CMS.
During 2009, CMS imposed a marketing sanction against us that prohibited us from the marketing of, and enrolling members into, all lines of our Medicare business from March until the sanction was released in November of 2009. As a result of the sanction, we were not eligible to receive auto-assignment of LIS, dual-eligible beneficiaries into our PDPs for January 2010 enrollment. We received auto-assignment of such members in subsequent months, although such assignments were at levels well below the level we typically experience in the month of January.
Enrollment into our PDP program is impacted by the auto-assignment of members, which is subject to a bid process whereby we submit to CMS our estimated costs to provide services in the next fiscal year. For example, based on the outcome of our 2011 PDP bids, which resulted in our plans being below the benchmarks in 20 of the 34 CMS regions, up from 19 regions in 2010, we were eligible for auto-assignment of low-income subsidy (“LIS”) beneficiaries during 2011 in those 20 regions. In addition, we maintained our auto-assigned members in eight other CMS regions where we bid within a de minimis range of the benchmark.
We also employ our own sales force and contract with independent licensed insurance agents to market our MA and PDP products. We have expanded our use of independent agents whose cost is largely variable in nature and whose engagement is more conducive to the shortened Medicare selling season and the elimination of the open enrollment period in 2010 that was brought about as a component of health care reform. We also use direct mail, mass media and the internet to market our products.
Quality Improvement
We continually seek to improve the quality of care delivered by our network providers to our members and our ability to measure the quality of care provided. Our Quality Improvement Program provides the basis for our quality and utilization management functions and outlines ongoing processes designed to improve the delivery of quality health care services to our members, as well as to enhance compliance with regulatory and accreditation standards. Each of our health plans has a Quality Improvement Committee, which is comprised of senior members of management, medical directors and other key associates of ours. Each of these committees report directly to the applicable health plan board of directors which has ultimate oversight responsibility for the quality of care rendered to our members. The Quality Improvement Committees also have a number of subcommittees that are charged with monitoring certain aspects of care and service, such as health care utilization, pharmacy services and provider credentialing and recredentialing. Several of these subcommittees include physicians as committee members.
Elements of our Quality Improvement Program include the following: evaluation of the effects of particular preventive measures; member satisfaction surveys; grievance and appeals processes for members and providers; site audits of select providers; provider credentialing and recredentialing; ongoing member education programs; ongoing provider education programs; health plan accreditation; and medical record audits.
Several of our health plans are also accredited by independent organizations that have been established to promote health care quality. For example, our Florida HMOs are currently accredited by URAC and our Georgia HMO is accredited by NCQA.
As part of our Quality Improvement Program, at times we have implemented changes to our reimbursement methods to reward those providers who encourage preventive care, such as well-child check-ups, prenatal care and/or adoption of evidence-based guidelines for members with chronic conditions. In addition, we have specialized systems to support our quality improvement activities. We gather information from our systems to identify opportunities to improve care and to track the outcomes of the services provided to achieve those improvements. Some examples of our intervention programs include: a prenatal case management program to help women with high-risk pregnancies; a program to reduce the number of inappropriate emergency room visits; and a disease management program to decrease the need for emergency room visits and hospitalizations.
The principal purpose of the board’s Health Care Quality and Access Committee is to assist the board by reviewing, and providing general oversight of, our policies and procedures governing health care quality and access for our members, which helps provide overall direction and guidance to our Quality Improvement Committees.
Competition
Competitive environment. We operate in a highly competitive environment to manage the cost and quality of services that are delivered to government health care program beneficiaries. We currently compete in this environment by offering Medicaid and Medicare health plans in which we accept all or nearly all of the financial risk for management of beneficiary care under these programs.
We typically must be awarded a contract by the government agency with responsibility for a program in order to offer our services in a particular location. Some government programs choose to limit the number of plans that may offer services to beneficiaries, while other agencies allow an unlimited number of plans to serve a program, subject to each plan meeting certain contract requirements. When the number of plans participating in a program is limited, an agency generally employs a bidding process to select the participating plans.
As a result, the number of companies with whom we compete varies significantly depending on the geographic market, business segment and line of business. For example, in Florida, the Medicaid program does not specifically restrict the number of participating plans. In contrast, the Georgia Families and PeachCare program awarded contracts to just three plans. We compete with one or two other plans in each of the six regions in Georgia. Likewise, in our Medicare business, the number of competitors varies significantly by geography. In most cases, there are numerous other Medicare plans and other competitors. We believe a number of our competitors in both Medicare and Medicaid have strengths that may match or exceed our own with respect to one or more of the criteria on which we compete with them. Further, some of our competitors may be better positioned than us to withstand rate compression.
Competitive factors – program participation. Regardless of whether the number of health plans serving a program is limited, we believe government agencies determine program participation based on several criteria. These criteria generally include the terms of the bids as well as the breadth and depth of a plan’s provider network; quality and utilization management processes; responsiveness to member complaints and grievances; timeliness and accuracy of claims payment; financial resources; historical contractual and regulatory compliance; references and accreditation; and other factors.
Competitive factors – network providers. In addition, we compete with other health plans to contract with hospitals, physicians, pharmacies and other providers for inclusion in our networks that serve government program beneficiaries. We believe providers select plans in which they participate based on several criteria. These criteria generally include reimbursement rates; timeliness and accuracy of claims payment; potential to deliver new patient volume and/or retain existing patients; effectiveness of resolution of calls and complaints; and other factors.
Auto-assignment. The agency with responsibility for a particular program determines the approach by which a beneficiary becomes a member of one of the plans serving the program. Generally, government programs either assign members to a plan automatically or they permit participating plans to market to potential members, though some programs employ both approaches. For more information about auto-assignment and how we obtain our members generally, see the Member Recruitment discussion above.
Medicaid competitors. In the Medicaid managed care market, our principal competitors for state contracts, members and providers include the following types of organizations:
| • | MCOs. Managed care organizations (“MCOs”) that, like us, receive state funding to provide Medicaid benefits to members. Many of these competitors operate in a single or small number of geographic locations. There are a few multi-state Medicaid-only organizations that tend to be larger in size and therefore are able to leverage their infrastructure over a larger membership base. Competitors include private and public companies, which can be either for-profit or non-profit organizations, with varying degrees of focus on serving Medicaid populations. |
| • | Medicaid Fee-For-Service. Traditional Medicaid offered directly by the states or a modified version whereby the state administers a primary care case management model. |
| • | PSN. A Provider Service Network (“PSN”) is a network of providers that is established and operated by a health care provider or group of affiliated health care providers. A PSN operates as either a fee-for-service (“FFS”) health plan or as a prepaid health plan that, like us, receives a capitated premium to provide Medicaid benefits to members. A PSN that operates as a FFS health plan is not at risk for medical benefit costs. FFS PSNs are at risk for 50% of their administrative cost allocation if their total costs exceed the estimated at-risk capitation amount. |
Medicare competitors. In the Medicare market, our primary competitors for contracts, members and providers include the following types of competitors:
| • | Original Fee-For-Service Medicare. Original Medicare is available nationally and is a fee-for-service plan managed by the federal government. Beneficiaries enrolled in Original Medicare can go to any doctor, supplier, hospital or other facility that accepts Medicare and is accepting new Medicare patients. |
| • | Medicare Advantage and Prescription Drug Plans. MA and stand-alone Part D plans are offered by national, regional and local MCOs that serve Medicare beneficiaries. |
| • | Employer-Sponsored Coverage. Employers and unions may subsidize Medicare benefits for their retirees in their commercial group. The group sponsor solicits proposals from MA plans and may select an HMO, preferred provider organization (“PPO”) and/or PDP. |
| • | Medicare Supplements. Original Medicare pays for many, but not all, health care services and supplies. A Medicare supplement policy is private health insurance designed to supplement Original Medicare by covering the cost of items such as co-payments, coinsurance and deductibles. Some Medicare supplements cover additional benefits for an additional cost. Medicare supplement plans can be used to cover costs not otherwise covered by Original Medicare, but cannot be used to supplement MA plans. |
Regulation
Our health care operations are highly regulated by both state and federal government agencies. Regulation of managed care products and health care services is an evolving area of law that varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Regulatory agencies generally have discretion to issue regulations and interpret and enforce laws and rules. Changes in applicable laws, statutes, regulations and rules occur frequently. These changes may include a requirement to provide health care services not contemplated in our current contracted premium rate or to pay providers at a state-mandated fee schedule without a commensurate adjustment to the premium rate. For further information, see the Provider Reimbursement Methods discussion above. In addition, government agencies may impose taxes, fees or other assessments upon us and other managed care companies at any time.
Our contracts with various state government agencies and CMS to provide managed health care services include provisions regarding provider network adequacy, maintenance of quality measures, accurate submission of encounter and health care cost information, maintaining standards of call center performance and other requirements specific to government and program regulations. We must also have adequate financial resources to protect the state, our providers and our members against the risk of our insolvency. Our failure to comply with these requirements may result in the assessment of penalties, fines and liquidated damages. For further information on data provided to CMS that is subject to audit, refer to the Risk-Adjusted Premiums discussion above.
Government enforcement authorities have become increasingly active in recent years in their review and scrutiny of various sectors of the health care industry, including health insurers and managed care organizations. We routinely respond to subpoenas and requests for information from these entities and, more generally, we endeavor to cooperate fully with all government agencies that regulate our business.
Product Compliance
Medicaid Programs
Medicaid is state operated and implemented, although it is funded by both the state and federal governments. Within broad guidelines established by the federal government, each state:
| • | establishes its own eligibility standards; |
| • | determines the type, amount, duration and scope of services; |
| • | sets the rate of payment for services; and |
| • | administers its own program. |
We have entered into contracts with Medicaid agencies in each state in which we operate Medicaid plans. Some of the states in which we operate award contracts to applicants that can demonstrate that they meet the state’s minimum requirements. Other states engage in a competitive bidding process for all or certain programs. In both cases, we must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the respective agency that we are able to meet certain operational and financial requirements. For example:
| • | we must measure provider access and availability in terms of the time needed for a member to reach the doctor’s office; |
| • | our quality improvement programs must emphasize member education and outreach and include measures designed to promote utilization of preventive services; |
| • | we must have linkages with schools, city or county health departments and other community-based providers of health care in order to demonstrate our ability to coordinate all of the sources from which our members may receive care; |
| • | we must have the capability to meet the needs of disabled members; |
| • | our providers and member service representatives must be able to communicate with members who do not speak English or who are hearing impaired; and |
| • | our member handbook, newsletters and other communications must be written at the prescribed reading level and must be available in languages other than English. |
Once awarded, our Medicaid program contracts generally have terms of one to five years. Most of these contracts provide for renewal upon mutual agreement of the parties and both parties have certain early termination rights. In addition to the operating requirements listed above, state contract requirements and regulatory provisions applicable to us generally set forth detailed provisions relating to subcontractors, marketing, safeguarding of member information, fraud and abuse reporting and grievance procedures.
Our Medicaid plans are subject to periodic financial and informational reporting and comprehensive quality assurance evaluations. We regularly submit periodic utilization reports, operations reports and other information to the appropriate Medicaid program regulatory agencies.
Our compliance with the provisions of the contracts is subject to monitoring or examination by state regulators. Certain contracts require us to be subject to periodic quality assurance evaluations by a third-party organization.
Medicare is a federal program that provides eligible persons age 65 and over and some disabled persons a variety of hospital, medical insurance and prescription drug benefits. Medicare beneficiaries have the option to enroll in other MA plans, such as a MA CCP plan, a PPO benefit plan or a MA PFFS plan, in areas where such plans are offered. Under MA, managed care plans contract with CMS to provide benefits that are comparable to, or that may be more attractive to Medicare beneficiaries than, Original Medicare in exchange for a fixed monthly payment per member that varies based on the county in which a member resides, the demographics of the member and the member’s health condition.
Along with other Part D plans, both PDPs and MA-PDs, we bid on providing Part D benefits in June of each year. Based on the bids submitted, CMS establishes a national benchmark. CMS pays the Part D plans a percentage of the benchmark on a PMPM basis with the remaining portion of the premium being paid by the Medicare member. Members whose income falls below 150% of the federal poverty level qualify for the federal LIS, through which the federal government helps pay the member’s Part D premium and certain other cost sharing expenses.
Each of our MA health plans and our PDP plan contract with CMS on a calendar-year basis. CMS requires that each plan meet certain regulatory requirements including, as applicable: provisions related to enrollment and disenrollment; restrictions on marketing activities; benefits or formulary requirements; quality assessment; fraud, waste and abuse monitoring, maintaining relationships with health care providers; and responding to appeals and grievances.
Our MA and PDP plans perform ongoing monitoring of our compliance with the CMS requirements, including functions performed by vendors. From time to time, CMS conducts examinations of our compliance with the provisions of our contracts with them.
Licensing and Solvency Regulation
Our operations are conducted primarily through HMO and insurance subsidiaries. These subsidiaries are licensed by the insurance department in the state in which they operate, except our New York HMO subsidiary, which is licensed as a Prepaid Health Services Plan by the New York State Department of Health, and are subject to the rules, regulation and oversight of the applicable state agencies in the areas of licensing and solvency. State insurance laws and regulations prescribe accounting practices for determining statutory net income and capital and surplus. Each of our regulated subsidiaries is required to report regularly on its operational and financial performance to the appropriate regulatory agency in the state in which it is licensed. These reports describe each of our regulated subsidiaries’ capi tal structure, ownership, financial condition, certain intercompany transactions and business operations. From time to time, any of our regulated subsidiaries may be selected to undergo periodic audits, examinations or reviews by the applicable state agency of our operational and financial assertions.
Our regulated subsidiaries generally must obtain approval from, or provide notice to, the state in which it is domiciled before entering into certain transactions such as declaring dividends in excess of certain thresholds, entering into other arrangements with related parties, and acquisitions or similar transactions involving an HMO or insurance company, or any change in control. For purposes of these laws, in general, control commonly is presumed to exist when a person, group of persons or entity, directly or indirectly, owns, controls or holds the power to vote 10% or more of the voting securities of another entity.
Each of our HMO and insurance subsidiaries must maintain a minimum amount of statutory capital determined by statute or regulation. The minimum statutory capital requirements differ by state and are generally based on a percentage of annualized premium revenue, a percentage of annualized health care costs, a percentage of certain liabilities, statutory minimum, risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements or other financial ratios. The RBC requirements are based on guidelines established by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”), and have been adopted by most states. As of December 31, 2010, our HMO operations in Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Missouri, New Jersey, Ohio and Texas as well as three of our insurance company subsidiaries were subject to RBC requirements. The RBC requirements may be modified as each state legislature deems appropriate for that state. The RBC formula, based on asset risk, underwriting risk, credit risk, business risk and other factors, generates the authorized control level (“ACL”), which represents the amount of capital required to support the regulated entity’s business. For states in which the RBC requirements have been adopted, the regulated entity typically must maintain a minimum of the greater of 200% the required ACL or the minimum statutory net worth requirement calculated pursuant to pre-RBC guidelines. Our subsidiaries operating in Texas, Georgia and Ohio are required to maintain statutory capital at RBC levels equal to 225%, 250% and 300%, respectively, of the applicable ACL. Failure to maintain these requirements would trigger regulatory action by the state. At December 31, 2010, our HMO and insurance subsidiaries were in compliance with these minimum capital requirements. The combined statutory capital and surplus of our HMO and insurance subsidiaries was approximately $695.0 million and $619.0 million at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, compared to the required surplus of approximately $300.0 million and $370.0 million at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
The statutory framework for our regulated subsidiaries’ minimum capital changes over time. For instance, RBC requirements may be adopted by more of the states in which we operate. These subsidiaries are also subject to their state regulators’ overall oversight powers. For example, the state of New York adopted regulations that increased the reserve requirement by 150% over an eight-year period that will be fully implemented by 2013. In addition, regulators could require our subsidiaries to maintain minimum levels of statutory net worth in excess of the amount required under the applicable state laws if the regulators determine that maintaining such additional statutory net worth is in the best interest of our members and other constituents. Moreover, if we expand our plan offerings in new states or pursue n ew business opportunities, we may be required to make additional statutory capital contributions.
In addition to the foregoing requirements, our regulated subsidiaries are subject to restrictions on their ability to make dividend payments, loans and other transfers of cash. Dividend restrictions vary by state, but the maximum amount of dividends which can be paid without prior approval from the applicable state is subject to restrictions relating to statutory capital, surplus and net income for the previous year. States may disapprove any dividend that, together with other dividends paid by a subsidiary in the prior twelve months, exceeds the regulatory maximum as computed for the subsidiary based on its statutory surplus and net income.
Also, we may only invest in the types of investments allowed by the state in order to qualify as admitted assets and we are required by certain states to deposit or pledge assets that are considered as restricted assets. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, all of our restricted assets consisted of cash and cash equivalents, money market accounts, certificates of deposits, and U.S. Government Securities.
HIPAA and State Privacy Laws |
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) and the regulations adopted under HIPAA are intended to improve the portability and continuity of health insurance coverage and simplify the administration of health insurance claims and related transactions. All health plans, including ours, are subject to HIPAA. HIPAA generally requires health plans to:
| • | protect the privacy and security of patient health information through the implementation of appropriate administrative, technical and physical safeguards; and |
| • | establish the capability to receive and transmit electronically certain administrative health care transactions, such as claims payments, in a standardized format. |
We are also subject to state laws that provide for greater privacy of individuals’ health information; such laws are not preempted by HIPAA.
Fraud and Abuse Laws
Federal and state enforcement authorities have prioritized the investigation and prosecution of health care fraud, waste and abuse. Fraud, waste and abuse prohibitions encompass a wide range of operating activities, including kickbacks or other inducements for referral of members or for the coverage of products (such as prescription drugs) by a plan, billing for unnecessary medical services by a provider, improper marketing and violation of patient privacy rights. Companies involved in public health care programs such as Medicaid and Medicare are required to maintain compliance programs to detect and deter fraud, waste and abuse, and are often the subject of fraud, waste and abuse investigations and audits. The regulations and contractual requirements applica ble to participants in these public-sector programs are complex and subject to change. Although we have structured our compliance program with care in an effort to meet all statutory and regulatory requirements, we are continuing to improve our education and training programs and to review and update our policies and procedures. We have invested significant resources to enhance our compliance efforts, and we expect to continue to do so.
Federal and State Laws and Regulations Governing Submission of Information and Claims to Agencies
We are subject to federal and state laws and regulations that apply to the submission of information and claims to various agencies. For example, the federal False Claims Act provides, in part, that the federal government may bring a lawsuit against any person or entity who it believes has knowingly presented, or caused to be presented, a false or fraudulent request for payment from the federal government, or who has made a false statement or used a false record to get a claim approved. The federal government has taken the position that claims presented in violation of the federal anti-kickback statute may be considered a violation of the federal False Claims Act. Violations of the False Claims Act are punishable by treble damages and penalties of up to a specified dollar amount per false claim. In addition, a special provision under the False Claims Act allows a private person (for example, a “whistleblower” such as a disgruntled former associate, competitor or member) to bring an action under the False Claims Act on behalf of the government alleging that an entity has defrauded the federal government and permits the private person to share in any settlement of, or judgment entered in, the lawsuit.
A number of states, including states in which we operate, have adopted false claims acts that are similar to the federal False Claims Act.
Technology
A foundation of providing managed care services is the accurate and timely capture, processing and analysis of critical data. Focusing on data is essential to operating our business in a cost effective manner. Data processing and data-driven decision making are key components of both administrative efficiency and medical cost management. We use our information system for premium billing, claims processing, utilization management, reporting, medical cost trending, planning and analysis. The system also supports member and provider service functions, including enrollment, member eligibility verification, primary care and specialist physician roster access, claims status inquiries, and referrals and authorizations.
On an ongoing basis, we evaluate the ability of our existing operations to support our current and future business needs and to maintain our compliance requirements. This evaluation may result in enhancing or replacing current systems and/or processes which could result in our incurring substantial costs to improve our operations and services.
We have a disaster recovery plan that addresses how we recover business functionality within stated timelines. We have a cold-site and business recovery site agreement with a nationally-recognized third party vendor to provide for the restoration of our general support systems at a remote processing center. We perform disaster recovery testing, at least annually, for those business applications that we consider critical.
Centralized Management Services
We provide centralized management services to each of our health plans from our headquarters and call centers. These services include information technology, product development and administration, finance, human resources, accounting, legal, public relations, marketing, insurance, purchasing, risk management, internal audit, actuarial, underwriting, claims processing, and customer service.
Employees
We refer to our employees as associates. As of December 31, 2010, we had approximately 3,300 full-time associates. Our associates are not represented by any collective bargaining agreement, and we have never experienced a work stoppage. We believe we have good relations with our associates.
Principal Executive Offices
Our principal executive offices are located at 8725 Henderson Road, Renaissance One, Tampa, Florida 33634, and our telephone number is (813) 290-6200.
Availability of Reports and Other Information | |
Our corporate website is http://www.wellcare.com. We make available on this website or in print, free of charge, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statement and amendments to those materials filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish such materials to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Also available on our website, or in print to any stockholder that requests it, are WellCare’s Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Conduct and Business Ethics, as well as charters for the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Nomina ting and Corporate Governance Committee, Regulatory Compliance Committee and Health Care Quality and Access Committee. To obtain printed materials contact Investor Relations at WellCare Health Plans, Inc., 8725 Henderson Road, Tampa, Florida 33634. In addition, the SEC’s website is http://www.sec.gov. The SEC makes available on its website, free of charge, reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, such as us, that file electronically with the SEC. Information provided on our website or on the SEC’s website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements contained in this 2010 Form 10-K which are not historical fact may be forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, and we intend such statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained therein. Such statements, which may address, among other things, market acceptance of our products and services, product development, our ability to finance growth opportunities, our ability to respond to changes in governance regulations, sales and marketing strategies, projected capital expenditures, liquidity and the availability of additional funding sources may be found in the sections of this report entitled “Business,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this report generally. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “targets,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continues” or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. You are cautioned that matters subject to forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including economic, regulatory, competitive and other factors that may affect our business. These forward-looking statements are inherently susceptible to uncertainty and changes in circumstances, as they are based on management’s current expectations and beliefs about future events and circumstances. We undertake no obligation beyond that required by law to update publicly any forward - -looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future.
Our actual results may differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors including the expiration, cancellation or suspension of our state and federal contracts. In addition, our results of operations and projections of future earnings depend, in large part, on accurately predicting and effectively managing health benefits and other operating expenses. A variety of factors, including competition, changes in health care practices, changes in federal or state laws and regulations or their interpretations, inflation, provider contract changes, changes in or terminations of our contracts with government agencies, new technologies, government-imposed surcharges, taxes or assessments, reduction in provider payments by governmental payors, major epidemics, disasters and numerous oth er factors affecting the delivery and cost of health care, such as major health care providers’ inability to maintain their operations, may in the future affect our ability to control our medical costs and other operating expenses. Governmental action or inaction could result in premium revenues not increasing to offset any increase in medical costs or other operating expenses. Once set, premiums are generally fixed for one-year periods and, accordingly, unanticipated costs during such periods generally cannot be recovered through higher premiums. Furthermore, if we are unable to estimate accurately incurred but not reported medical costs in the current period, our future profitability may be affected. Due to these factors and risks, we cannot provide any assurance regarding our future premium levels or our ability to control our future medical costs.
From time to time, at the federal and state government levels, legislative and regulatory proposals have been made related to, or potentially affecting, the health care industry, including but not limited to limitations on managed care organizations, including benefit mandates, and reform of the Medicaid and Medicare programs. Any such legislative or regulatory action, including benefit mandates or reform of the Medicaid and Medicare programs, could have the effect of reducing the premiums paid to us by governmental programs, increasing our medical or administrative costs or requiring us to materially alter the manner in which we operate. We are unable to predict the specific content of any future legislation, action or regulation that may be enacted or when any such future legislation or regulation will be adopted. Therefore, we cann ot predict accurately the effect or ramifications of such future legislation, action or regulation on our business.
You should carefully consider the following factors, together with all the other information included in this report, in evaluating our company and our business. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected, and the value of our stock could decline. The risks and uncertainties described below are those that we currently believe may materially affect our company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations. As such, you should not consider this list to be a complete statement of all potential risks or uncertainties.
Risks Related to Our Business
Future changes in health care law present challenges for our business that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows.
Health care laws and regulations, and their interpretations, are subject to frequent change. Changes in existing laws or regulations, or their interpretations, or the enactment of new laws or the issuance of new regulations could materially reduce our revenue and/or profitability by, among other things:
• imposing additional license, registration and/or capital requirements;
• increasing our administrative and other costs;
• requiring us to undergo a corporate restructuring;
• increasing mandated benefits;
| • | further limiting our ability to engage in intra-company transactions with our affiliates and subsidiaries; |
• restricting our revenue and enrollment growth;
• requiring us to restructure our relationships with providers; or
• requiring us to implement additional or different programs and systems.
Changes in state law, regulations and rules also may materially adversely affect our profitability. Requirements relating to managed care consumer protection standards, including increased plan information disclosure, expedited appeals and grievance procedures, third party review of certain medical decisions, health plan liability, access to specialists, clean claim payment timing, physician collective bargaining rights and confidentiality of medical records either have been enacted or are under consideration. New health care reform legislation may require us to change the way we operate our business, which may be costly. Further, although we strive to exercise care in structuring our operations to comply in all material respects with the laws and regulations applicable to us, government officials charged with responsibility for enfor cing such laws and/or regulations have in the past asserted and may in the future assert that we, or transactions in which we are involved, are in violation of these laws, or courts may ultimately interpret such laws in a manner inconsistent with our interpretation. Therefore, it is possible that future legislation and regulation and the interpretation of laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our ability to operate under our government-sponsored programs and to continue to serve our members and attract new members, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
In March 2010, the President signed the 2010 Acts. We believe these laws will bring about significant changes to the American health care system. While these measures are intended to expand the number of United States citizens covered by health insurance and make other coverage, delivery, and payment changes to the current health care system, the costs of implementing the 2010 Acts will be financed, in part, by future reductions in the payments made to Medicare providers.
Provisions of the 2010 Acts will become effective over the next several years. Several departments within the federal government are responsible for issuing regulations and guidance on implementing the 2010 Acts. However, states have independently proposed health insurance reforms and mounted court challenges to the 2010 Acts. Congress has also recently initiated a reevaluation of certain provisions of the 2010 Acts. Because final rules and guidance on key aspects of the legislation have not yet been promulgated by the government regulators, the full impact of the 2010 Acts is still unknown. We believe that revisions to the existing system may put pressure on operating results, decrease member benefits, and/or increase member cost share, particularly with respect to MA plans.
The 2010 Acts include a number of changes to the way MA plans will operate in the future such as: basing premium payments partially on quality scores, establishing minimum medical loss ratios and imposing new taxes and assessments. As part of the health care reform legislation, MA payment benchmarks for 2011 were frozen at 2010 levels. Beginning in 2012, MA plan premiums will be partially tied to quality measures and based on a CMS “5-star rating system.” This rating system will allow an MA plan to receive an increase in certain premium rates. It is unknown whether these ratings will be geographically or demographically adjusted. The final methodology used in the determination of plan quality scores, which continues to be developed by CMS, could impact our ability to provide additional benefits and entice new me mbers. Our MA segment will become subject to a minimum medical loss ratio of 85% beginning in 2014. Commercial health plans became subject to a similar provision, though at a different rate, effective January 1, 2011. Regulations regarding the calculation
of the minimum medical loss ratio for commercial plans were issued by the HHS in November 2010. The expense amount used in the calculation of the minimum medical loss ratio will include Quality Improvement Costs. Quality Improvement Costs are generally defined as those that are designed to improve health outcomes, prevent hospital readmissions and enhance health care data to improve quality. Federal and state premium taxes will be excluded from the premium revenue used in the ratio calculation. The calculation will be performed annually on a plan-by-plan basis, and any plan with a medical loss ratio below the target medical loss ratio will be required to return a percentage of premiums each year. Plans that come under the medical loss ratio target over three consecutive years may be subject to future enrollment penalti es. HHS has not issued guidance specific to MA plans, but we are currently assessing the new guidance issued for commercial plans and we are analyzing which of our administrative costs may meet HHS's definition of Quality Improvement Costs. Our Medicaid segment is not subject to the minimum medical loss ratio provision of the 2010 Acts. |
The health reforms in the 2010 Acts present both challenges and opportunities for our Medicaid business. We anticipate that the reforms could significantly increase the number of citizens who are eligible to enroll in our Medicaid products. However, state budgets continue to be strained due to economic conditions and uncertain levels of federal financing for current populations. As a result, the effects of any potential future expansions are uncertain, making it difficult to determine whether the net impact of the 2010 Acts will be positive or negative for our Medicaid business.
The 2010 Acts also include an annual assessment on the insurance industry beginning in 2014. The legislation anticipates that the $8 billion insurance industry assessment is likely to increase in subsequent years.
Risk-adjustment payment systems make our revenue and results of operations more difficult to predict and could result in material retroactive adjustments that have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
CMS employs a risk-adjustment model to determine the premium amount it pays for each member. This model apportions premiums paid to all MA plans according to the health status of each beneficiary enrolled. As a result, our CMS monthly premium payments per member may change materially, either favorably or unfavorably. The CMS risk-adjustment model pays more for Medicare members with predictably higher costs. Diagnosis data from inpatient and ambulatory treatment settings are used to calculate the risk-adjusted premiums we receive. We collect claims and encounter data and submit the necessary diagnosis data to CMS within prescribed deadlines. After reviewing the respective submissions, CMS establishes the premium payments to MA plans generally at the beginning of the ca lendar year, and then adjusts premium levels on two separate occasions on a retroactive basis. The first retroactive adjustment for a given fiscal year generally occurs during the third quarter of such fiscal year. The Initial CMS Settlement represents the updating of risk scores for the current year based on the severity of claims incurred in the prior fiscal year. CMS then issues the Final CMS Settlement. We reassess the estimates of the Initial CMS Settlement and the Final CMS Settlement each reporting period and any resulting adjustments are made to MA premium revenue.
We develop our estimates for risk-adjusted premiums utilizing historical experience and predictive models as sufficient member risk score data becomes available over the course of each CMS plan year. Our models are populated with available risk score data on our members. Risk premium adjustments are based on member risk score data from the previous year. Risk score data for members who entered our plans during the current plan year, however, is not available for use in our models; therefore, we make assumptions regarding the risk scores of this subset of our member population. All such estimated amounts are periodically updated as additional diagnosis code information is reported to CMS and adjusted to actual amounts when the ultimate adjustment settlements are either received f rom CMS or we receive notification from CMS of such settlement amounts.
As a result of the variability of factors that determine such estimates, including plan risk scores, the actual amount of CMS retroactive payment could be materially more or less than our estimates. Consequently, our estimate of our plans’ risk scores for any period, and any resulting change in our accrual of MA premium revenues related thereto, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Historically, we have not experienced significant differences between the amounts that we have recorded and the revenues that we ultimately receive. The data provided to CMS to determine the risk score is subject to audit by CMS even after the annual settlements occur. These audits may result in the refund of pr emiums to CMS previously received by us. While our experience to date has not resulted in a material refund, this refund could be significant in the future, which would reduce our premium revenue in the year that CMS determines repayment is required.
CMS has performed and continues to perform RADV audits of selected MA plans to validate the provider coding practices under the risk adjustment model used to calculate the premium paid for each MA member. Our Florida MA plan was selected by CMS for audit for the 2007 contract year and we anticipate that CMS will conduct additional audits of other plans and contract years on an ongoing basis. The CMS audit process selects a sample of 201 enrollees for medical record review from each contract selected. We have responded to CMS’s audit requests by retrieving and submitting all available medical records and provider attestations to substantiate CMS-sampled diagnosis codes. CMS will use this documentat ion to calculate a payment error rate for our Florida MA plan 2007 premiums. CMS has not indicated a schedule for processing or otherwise responding to our submissions.
CMS has indicated that payment adjustments resulting from its RADV audits will not be limited to risk scores for the specific beneficiaries for which errors are found, but will be extrapolated to the relevant plan population. In late December 2010, CMS issued a draft audit sampling and payment error calculation methodology that it proposes to use in conducting these audits. CMS invited public comment on the proposed audit methodology and announced in early February 2011 that it will revise its proposed approach based on the comments received. CMS has not given a specific timetable for issuing a final version of the audit sampling and payment error calculation methodology. Given that the RADV audit methodology is new and is subject to modification, there is substantial uncert ainty as to how it will be applied to MA organizations like our Florida MA plan. At this time, we do not know whether CMS will require retroactive or subsequent payment adjustments to be made using an audit methodology that may not compare the coding of our providers to the coding of Original Medicare and other MA plan providers, or whether any of our other plans will be randomly selected or targeted for a similar audit by CMS. We are also unable to determine whether any conclusions that CMS may make, based on the audit of our plan and others, will cause us to change our revenue estimation process. Because of this lack of clarity from CMS, we are unable to estimate with any reasonable confidence a coding or payment error rate or predict the impact of extrapolating an applicable error rate to our Florida MA plan 2007 premiums. However, it is likely that a payment adjustment will occu r as a result of these audits, and that any such adjustment could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows, possibly in 2011 and beyond.
Two of our Medicaid customers each accounted for greater than 10% of our consolidated premium revenue during 2010, and our failure to retain our contracts in those states, or a change in conditions in those states, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our concentration of operations in a limited number of states could cause our revenue and profitability to change suddenly and unexpectedly as a result of significant premium rate reductions, a loss of a material contract, legislative actions, changes in Medicaid eligibility methodologies, catastrophic claims, an epidemic or pandemic, or an unexpected increase in utilization, general economic conditions and similar factors in those states. Our inability to continue to operate in any of these states, or a significant change in the nature of our existing operations, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
For the year ended December 31, 2010, two of our Medicaid customers each accounted for greater than 10% of our consolidated premium revenue, which on a combined basis represented approximately 68% of our Medicaid segment revenue and 42% of our consolidated premium revenues. These customers (Florida and Georgia) accounted for four separate contracts that have terms of between one and three years with varying expiration dates. Two of these contracts are renewable for a fixed number of additional one-year periods at the discretion of the customer. Generally, they are terminable by the customer by giving us the requisite written notice. They are also terminable for cause if we breach a material provision of the contract or violate relevant laws or regulations. Some of our contracts are subject to re-bidding or re-application. The Georgia Department of Community Health is evaluating its Medicaid programs beyond July 1, 2012, which may include a re-bid of the programs for new contracts effective July 1, 2012. The current renewal term of our Georgia contract expires on June 30, 2011 and only one renewal term remains from July 1, 2011 through June 30, 2012, which renewal shall be at the discretion of the Georgia Department of Community Health. If we lost this, or any of these other contracts, through the re-bidding process, and/or termination, or if an increased number of competitors were awarded contracts in these states, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Medicaid premiums are fixed by contract and do not permit us to increase our premiums during the contract term despite any corresponding medical benefits expense exceeding estimates.
Most of our Medicaid revenues are generated by premiums consisting of fixed monthly payments per member and supplemental payments for other services such as maternity deliveries. These payments are fixed by contract and we are obligated during the contract period, which is generally one to five years, to provide or arrange for the provision of health care services as established by state and federal governments. We use a large portion of our revenues to pay the costs of health care services delivered to our members. We have less control over costs related to the provision of health care services than we have over our selling, general and administrative expense. If premiums do not increase when expenses related to medical services rise, our earnings will be affected negatively. Further, our regulators set premiums usi ng actuarial methods based on historical data. Actual experience, however, could differ from the assumptions used in the premium-setting process, which could result in premiums being insufficient to cover our medical benefits expense. If our medical benefits expense exceeds our estimates or our regulators’ actuarial pricing assumptions, we will be unable to adjust the premiums we receive under our current contracts, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Some hospital contracts are directly tied to state Medicaid fee schedules, in which case reimbursement levels will be adjusted up or down, based on adjustments made by the state to the impacted fee schedule. Therefore, it is possible for a state to increase the rates payable by us to hospitals used by o ur members without granting a corresponding increase in premiums to us. We have experienced such adjustments in the states in which we operate. Unless such adjustments are mitigated by an increase in premiums, or if this were to occur in any more of the states in which we operate, our profitability will be negatively impacted.
Our actual medical services costs may exceed our estimates, which would cause our medical benefits ratio (“MBR”), or our expenses related to medical services as a percentage of premium revenue, excluding premium taxes, to increase and our profits to decline. Relatively small changes in our MBR can create significant changes in our financial results. Accordingly, the failure to adequately predict and control medical expenses and to make reasonable estimates and maintain adequate accruals for incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Historically, our medical benefits expense as a percentage of premium revenue has fluctuated within a relatively narrow band. For example, our medical benefits expense was 86.5%, 86.5% and 84.4% for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. However, at any point factors may cause these percentages to increase. Factors that may cause medical expenses to exceed our estimates include:
| • an increase in the cost of healthcare services and supplies, including prescription drugs, whether as a result of inflation or otherwise; |
| • higher than expected utilization of healthcare services, particularly in-patient hospital services, or unexpected utilization patterns; |
| • periodic renegotiation of hospital, physician, and other provider contracts; |
| • changes in the demographics of our members and medical trends affecting them; |
| • new mandated benefits or other changes in healthcare laws, regulations, and practices; |
| • new treatments and technologies; and |
| • contractual disputes with providers, hospitals, or other service providers. |
We attempt to control these costs through a variety of techniques, including capitation and other risk-sharing payment methods, collaborative relationships with PCPs and other providers, case and disease management and quality assurance programs, and preventive and wellness visits for members. These efforts and programs to manage our medical expenses may not be sufficient to manage these expenses effectively in the future. If our medical expenses increase, our profits could be reduced or we may no longer be able to remain profitable.
Medicaid premiums are a significant portion of our total consolidated premium revenue and any significant delay in premium payments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
Over 60% of our consolidated revenues for 2010 consisted of Medicaid premiums. We use a large portion of our revenues to pay the costs of health care services delivered to our members. We generally receive payment of Medicaid premiums during the month in which we provide services, although we have experienced delays in receiving monthly payments from certain states and our ability to require timely payment is generally very limited. Economic conditions affecting state governments and agencies could result in additional and more extensive delays than we have experienced in the past. If there is a significant delay in our receipt of premiums to pay health benefit costs, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
Failure to comply with the terms of our government contracts could negatively impact our profitability and subject us to fines, penalties and liquidated damages or the termination of our contract.
We contract with various state governmental agencies to provide managed health care services. These contracts contain certain provisions regarding data submission, provider network maintenance, quality measures, continuity of care, call center performance and other requirements specific to state and program regulations. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to fines, penalties and liquidated damages that could impact our profitability. If we fail to comply repeatedly over an extended time period, the applicable contract may be subject to termination by a state agency.
Additionally, we could be required to file a corrective plan of action with the state and we could be subject to fines, penalties and liquidated damages and additional corrective action measures if we did not comply with the corrective plan of action. Our failure to comply could also affect future membership enrollment levels and our ability to compete for new business. These limitations could negatively impact our revenues and operating results.
Under the terms of our contracts with state governmental agencies, we are subject to various reviews, audits and investigations to verify our compliance with the contracts and applicable laws and regulations. Any adverse review, audit or investigation could result in any of the following: refunds to state government agencies of premiums we have been paid pursuant to our contracts; imposition of fines, penalties and other sanctions; loss of our right to participate in various markets; or loss of one or more of our licenses. Any such action could negatively impact our revenues and operating results. |
Our failure to maintain accreditations could disqualify us from participation in certain state Medicaid programs, which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Several of our Medicaid contracts require that our plans or subcontracted providers be accredited by independent accrediting organizations that are focused on improving the quality of health care services. Our Florida, Georgia, Missouri and Hawaii health plans are required by our Medicaid contracts to be accredited, with our Missouri contract specifying NCQA accreditation. Further, Florida Medicaid plans can only subcontract behavioral health services to an accredited organization.
Currently, our Florida health plans are accredited by URAC and our Georgia health plan has NCQA New Health Plan accreditation for its Medicaid operations. Under the terms of our Medicaid contracts, we have until December 31, 2011 to obtain NCQA Full Health Plan accreditation in Georgia, October 1, 2011 to obtain NCQA Health Plan accreditation in Missouri, and July 1, 2012 to obtain an accreditation by URAC, NCQA or the Accreditation Association for Ambulatory Health Care in Hawaii.
There can be no assurances that we will maintain, or obtain, our accreditations, and the loss of, or failure to obtain accreditations required by contract could adversely our ability to participate in certain Medicaid programs, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenue, cash flows and results of operations.
If we are unable to estimate and manage medical benefits expense effectively, our profitability likely will be reduced or we could cease to be profitable.
Our profitability depends, to a significant degree, on our ability to predict and effectively manage our costs related to the provision of health care services. Relatively small changes in the ratio of our expenses related to health care services to the premiums we receive, or medical benefits ratio, can create significant changes in our financial results. Factors that may cause medical benefits expense to exceed our estimates include:
| • | an increase in the cost of health care services and supplies, including pharmaceuticals, whether as a result of inflation or otherwise; |
| • | higher than expected utilization of health care services; |
| • | periodic renegotiation of hospital, physician and other provider contracts; |
| • | the occurrence of catastrophes, major epidemics, terrorism or bio-terrorism; |
| • | changes in the demographics of our members and medical trends affecting them; and |
| • | new mandated benefits or other changes in health care laws, regulations and/or practices. |
We manage our medical costs through a variety of techniques, including various payment methods to PCPs and other providers, advance approval for hospital services and referral requirements, medical and quality management programs, information systems, and reinsurance arrangements. However, if our medical benefits expense increases and we are unable to continue managing these medical costs effectively in the future, our profits could be reduced or we may not remain profitable.
We maintain reinsurance to protect us against certain severe or catastrophic medical claims, but we cannot assure you that such reinsurance coverage currently is or will be adequate or available to us in the future or that the cost of such reinsurance will not limit our ability to obtain it.
We may be unable to expand into some geographic areas without incurring significant additional costs and if we are able to expand, ineffective management of our growth may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and business.
Our rate of expansion into other geographic areas may be inhibited by:
| • | the time and costs associated with obtaining the necessary license to operate in the new area or the expansion of our licensed service area, if necessary; |
| • | our inability to develop a network of physicians, hospitals and other healthcare providers that meets our requirements and those of government regulators; |
• competition, which increases the costs of recruiting members;
• the cost of providing healthcare services in those areas;
• demographics and population density; and
| • | applicable state regulations that, among other things, require the maintenance of minimum levels of capital and surplus. |
Accordingly, we may be unsuccessful in entering other metropolitan areas, counties or states, which may impede our growth.
Depending on opportunities, we expect to continue to increase our membership and to expand into other markets. However, such growth could place a significant strain on our management and on other resources and we are likely to incur additional costs if we enter states or counties where we do not currently operate. Our ability to manage our growth may depend on our ability to retain and strengthen our management team and attract, train and retain skilled associates, and our ability to implement and improve operational, financial and management information systems on a timely basis. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, due to the initial substantial costs related to potential acquisitions, such growth could adversely affect our short-term profitability and liquidity.
Our prudent and profitable growth initiative may be limited if we are unable to raise additional unregulated cash at favorable financing terms, if needed, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
Our business strategy has been defined by three primary initiatives, one of which includes our ability to enter new markets by pursuing attractive growth opportunities for our existing product lines. We may need to access the credit or equity markets to partially fund these growth activities. Our ability to enter new markets may be hindered in situations where we need to access these markets and financing may not be available on terms that are favorable to us. While the credit and equity markets improved in 2010, our ability to obtain favorable financing, relative to the terms achievable by our competitors, may be impacted by any uncertainty regarding the previously disclosed government investigations and litigation. Unfavorable terms such as high rates of interest, covenants and other restrictions, could impede our ability to profita bly operate our business and increase the rate of return we require to enter new markets, making such efforts unfeasible. Depending on the outcome of these factors, we could experience delay or difficulty, or be unable to implement our growth strategy as planned, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
We rely on a number of vendors, and failure of any one of the key vendors to perform in accordance with our contracts could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
We have contracted with a number of vendors to provide significant operational support including, but not limited to, behavioral health services for our members as well as certain enrollment, billing, call center, benefit administration, claims processing functions, sales and marketing and certain aspects of utilization management. Our dependence on these vendors makes our operations vulnerable to such third parties’ failure to perform adequately under our contracts with them. In addition, where a vendor provides services that we are required to provide under a contract with a government client, we are responsible for such performance and will be held accountable by the government client for any failure of performance by our vendors. Significant failure by a vendor to perform in accordance with the terms of our contracts could h ave a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Further, due to business changes or legal proceedings, our ability to manage these vendors may be impacted. Due to these factors, our vendors may request changes in pricing, payment terms or other contractual obligations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
We encounter significant competition for program participation, members and network providers, and our failure to compete successfully may limit our ability to increase or maintain membership in the markets we serve, or have a material adverse effect on our growth prospects and results of operations.
We operate in a highly competitive industry. Some of our competitors are more established in the insurance and health care industries, with larger market share and greater financial resources than we have in some markets. We compete with numerous types of competitors, including other Medicaid or Medicare health plans. We operate in, or may attempt to acquire business in, programs or markets in which premiums are determined on the basis of a competitive bidding process. In these programs or markets, funding levels established by bidders with significantly different cost structures, target profitability margins or aggressive bidding strategies could negatively impact our ability to maintain or acquire profitable business which could h ave a material adverse affect on our results of operations. In addition, regulatory reform or other initiatives may bring additional competitors into our markets.
We compete for members principally on the basis of size and quality of provider network, benefits provided and quality of service. We may not be able to develop innovative products and services which are attractive to members. We cannot be sure that we will continue to remain competitive, nor can we be sure that we will be able to successfully acquire members for our products and services at current levels of profitability.
In addition, we compete with other health plans to contract with hospitals, physicians, pharmacies and other providers for inclusion in our networks that serve government program beneficiaries. We believe providers select plans in which they participate based on criteria including reimbursement rates; timeliness and accuracy of claims payment; potential to deliver new patient volume and/or retain existing patients; effectiveness of resolution of calls and complaints; and other factors. We cannot be sure that we will be able to successfully attract and retain providers to maintain a competitive network in the geographic areas we serve.
To the extent that competition intensifies in any market that we serve, our ability to retain or increase members and providers, or maintain or increase our revenue growth, pricing flexibility and control over medical cost trends may be adversely affected. Failure to compete successfully in the markets we serve may have a material adverse effect on our growth prospects and results of operations. For a discussion of the competitive environment in which we operate, see Part I, Item 1 – Business — Competition.
If we are unable to build and maintain satisfactory relationships with our providers, we may be precluded from operating in some markets, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and profitability.
Our profitability depends, in large part, on our ability to enter into cost-effective contracts with hospitals, physicians and other health care providers in appropriate numbers and at locations convenient for our members in each of the markets in which we operate. In any particular market, however, providers could refuse to contract, demand higher payments or take other actions that could result in higher medical benefits expense. In some markets, certain providers, particularly hospitals, physician/hospital organizations or multi-specialty physician groups, may have significant market positions. If such a provider or any of our other providers refused to contract with us or used their market position to negotiate contracts that might not be cost-effective or otherwise place us at a competitive disadvantage, those actions could have a material adverse effect on our operating results in that market. Also, in some rural areas, it is difficult to maintain a provider network sufficient to meet regulatory requirements. In the long term, our ability to contract successfully with a sufficiently large number of providers in a particular geographic market will affect the relative attractiveness of our managed care products in that market. If we are unsuccessful in negotiating satisfactory contracts with our network providers, it could preclude us from renewing our Medicaid or Medicare contracts in those markets, from being able to enroll new members or from entering into new markets. Also, in situations where we have a deficiency in our provider network, regulators require us to allow members to obtain care from out-of-network providers at no additional cost, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manage expenses.
Our provider contracts with network PCPs and specialists generally have terms of one year, with automatic renewal for successive one-year terms unless otherwise specified in writing by either party. We are also required to establish acceptable provider networks prior to entering new markets. We may be unable to maintain our relationships with our network providers or enter into agreements with providers in new markets on a timely basis or on favorable terms. If we are unable to retain our current provider contracts or enter into new provider contracts timely or on favorable terms, our ongoing operations and profitability could be materially adversely affected.
Changes in our member mix may have a material adverse effect on our cash flow and results of operations.
Our revenues, costs and margins vary based on changes to our membership mix, product mix and the demographics of our membership. Our revenues are generally comprised of fixed payments that are determined by the type of member in our plans. The payments are generally set based on an estimation of the medical costs required to serve members with various demographic and health risk profiles. As such, there are sometimes wide variations in the established rates per member in both our Medicaid and Medicare lines of business. For instance, the rates we receive for an SSI member are generally significantly higher than for a non-SSI member who is otherwise similarly situated. As the composition of our membership base changes as the result of programmatic, competitive, regulatory, benefit design, economic or other changes, there is a correspon ding change to our premium revenue, costs and margins, which may have a material adverse effect on our cash flow and results of operations.
If a state fails to renew its federal waiver application for mandated Medicaid enrollment into managed care or such application is denied, our membership in that state will likely decrease, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
A significant percentage of our Medicaid plan enrollment results from mandatory enrollment in Medicaid managed care plans. States may mandate that certain types of Medicaid beneficiaries enroll in Medicaid managed care through CMS-approved plan amendments or, for certain groups, through federal waivers or demonstrations. Waivers and programs under demonstrations are generally approved for two- to five-year periods, and can be renewed on an ongoing basis if the state applies and the waiver request is approved or renewed by CMS. We have no control over this renewal process. If a state in which we operate does not mandate managed care enrollment in its state plan or does not renew an existing managed care waiver, our membership would likely decrease, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We rely on the accuracy of eligibility lists provided by our government clients to collect premiums, and any inaccuracies in those lists may cause states to recoup premium payments from us, which could materially reduce our revenues and results of operations.
Premium payments that we receive are based upon eligibility lists produced by our government clients. A state will require us to reimburse it for premiums that we received from the state based on an eligibility list that it later discovers contains individuals who were not eligible for any government-sponsored program, have been enrolled twice in the same program or are eligible for a different premium category or a different program. Our review of all remittance files to identify potential duplicate members, members that should be terminated or members for which we have been paid an incorrect rate may not identify all such members and could result in repayment of premiums in years subsequent to the year in which the revenue was recorded.
In addition to recoupment of premiums previously paid, we also face the risk that a state could fail to pay us for members for whom we are entitled to payment. Our results of operations would be reduced as a result of the state’s failure to pay us for related payments we made to providers and were unable to recoup. We have established a reserve in anticipation of recoupment by the states of previously paid premiums that we believe to be erroneous, but ultimately our reserve may not be sufficient to cover the amount, if any, of recoupments. If the amount of any recoupment exceeds our reserves, our revenues could be materially reduced and it would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We are subject to extensive government regulation, including periodic reviews and audits under our contracts with government agencies, and any violation by us of applicable laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our business is extensively regulated by the federal government and the states in which we operate. The laws and regulations governing our operations are generally intended to benefit and protect health plan members and providers rather than stockholders. The government agencies administering these laws and regulations have broad latitude to enforce them. These laws and regulations, along with the terms of our government contracts, regulate how we do business, what services we offer, and how we interact with our members, providers and the public. Any violation by us of applicable laws and regulations could reduce our revenues and profitability, thereby having a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
As we contract with various governmental agencies to provide managed health care services, we are subject to various reviews, audits and investigations to verify our compliance with the contracts and applicable laws and regulations. Any adverse review, audit or investigation could result in:
• forfeiture or recoupment of amounts we have been paid pursuant to our government contracts;
| • | imposition of significant civil or criminal penalties, fines or other sanctions on us and/or our key associates; |
| • | loss of our right to participate in government-sponsored programs, including Medicaid and Medicare; |
• damage to our reputation in various markets;
• increased difficulty in marketing our products and services;
• inability to obtain approval for future service or geographic expansion; and
| • | suspension or loss of one or more of our licenses to act as an insurer, HMO or third party administrator or to otherwise provide a service. |
We are currently undergoing standard periodic audits by several state agencies and CMS to verify compliance with our contracts and applicable laws and regulations. For additional risks associated with a current CMS audit of one of our plans, see CMS’s risk adjustment payment system makes our revenue and results of operations more difficult to predict and could result in material retroactive adjustments that have a material adverse effect on our results of operations above.
We are subject to laws, government regulations and agreements that may delay, deter or prevent a change in control of our Company, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to enter into transactions favorable to shareholders.
Our operating subsidiaries are subject to state laws that require prior regulatory approval for any change of control of an HMO or insurance company. For purposes of these laws, in most states “control” is presumed to exist when a person, group of persons or entity acquires the power to vote 10% or more of the voting securities of another entity, subject to certain exceptions. These laws may discourage acquisition proposals and may delay, deter or prevent a change of control of our Company, including through transactions, and in particular through unsolicited transactions, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to enter into transactions that some or all of our shareholders find favorable.
In addition, certain of our preliminary settlements require us to make additional payments upon the occurrence of certain change of control events. These include a $35.0 million payment in the event that we are acquired or otherwise experience a change in control within three years of the execution of the final settlement agreement with the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice (the “Civil Division”), the Civil Division of the United States Attorney’s Office for the Middle District of Florida (the “USAO”), and the Civil Division of the United States Attorney’s Office for the District of Connecticut to settle their pending inquiries. Additionally, if, within three years following the date of the settlement agreement with the lead plaintiffs in the consolidate d securities class action against us, we are acquired or otherwise experience a change in control at a share price of $30.00 or more, we will be required to pay to the class an additional $25.0 million.
We are subject to extensive fraud and abuse laws which may give rise to lawsuits and claims against us, the outcome of which may have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Because we receive payments from federal and state governmental agencies, we are subject to various laws commonly referred to as “fraud and abuse” laws, including the federal False Claims Act, which permit agencies and enforcement authorities to institute suit against us for violations and, in some cases, to seek treble damages, penalties and assessments. Liability under such federal and state statutes and regulations may arise if we know, or it is found that we should have known, that information we provide to form the basis for a claim for government payment is false or fraudulent, and some courts have permitted False Claims Act suits to proceed if the claimant was out of compliance with program requirements. Qui tam actions under federal and state law can be broug ht by any individual on behalf of the government. Qui tam actions have increased significantly in recent years, causing greater numbers of health care companies to have to defend a false claim action, pay fines or be excluded from the Medicare, Medicaid or other state or federal health care programs as a result of an investigation arising out of such action. Many states, including states where we currently operate, have enacted parallel legislation.
For example, in October 2008, the Civil Division informed us that as part of its pending civil inquiry, it was investigating four qui tam complaints filed by relators against us under the whistleblower provisions of the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. sections 3729-3733. We also learned from a docket search that a former employee filed a qui tam action in state court for Leon County, Florida against several defendants, including us and one of our subsidiaries. In June 2010 we announced that we reached a preliminary settlement with the Civil Division, the Civil Division of the the USAO, and the Civil Division of the United States Attorney’s Office for the District of Connecticut to settle their pending inquiries. Please see Part I, Item 3 – Legal Proceedings for additional information on these matters.
The inability or failure to maintain effective and secure management information systems and applications, successfully update or expand processing capability or develop new capabilities to meet our business needs could result in operational disruptions and other materially adverse consequences.
Our business depends on effective and secure information systems, applications and operations. The information gathered, processed and stored by our management information systems assists us in, among other things, marketing and sales and membership tracking, underwriting, billing, claims processing, medical management, medical care cost and utilization trending, financial and management accounting, reporting, planning and analysis and e-commerce. These systems also support our customer service functions, provider and member administrative functions and support tracking and extensive analysis of medical expenses and outcome data. These systems remain subject to unexpected interruptions resulting from occurrences such as hardware failures or increased demand. There can be no assurance that such interruptions will not occur in the futur e, and any such interruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Moreover, operating and other issues can lead to data problems that affect the performance of important functions, including, but not limited to, claims payment, customer service and accurate financial reporting.
There can also be no assurance that our process of improving existing systems, developing new systems to support our operations and improving service levels will not be delayed or that system issues will not arise in the future. Our information systems and applications require continual maintenance, upgrading and enhancement to meet our operational needs. If we are unable to maintain or expand our systems, we could suffer from, among other things, operational disruptions, such as the inability to pay claims or to make claims payments on a timely basis, loss of members, difficulty in attracting new members, regulatory problems and increases in administrative expenses.
Additionally, events outside our control, including acts of nature such as hurricanes, earthquakes, fires or terrorism, could significantly impair our information systems and applications. To help ensure continued operations in the event that our primary data center operations are rendered inoperable, we have a disaster recovery plan to recover business functionality within stated timelines. Our disaster plan may not operate effectively during an actual disaster and our operations could be disrupted, which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We are required to comply with laws governing the transmission, security and privacy of health information, and we have not yet determined what our total compliance costs will be; however, such costs, when determined, could be more than anticipated, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our business requires the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks. Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other events or developments could result in compromises or breaches of our security systems and client data stored in our information systems. Anyone who circumvents our security measures could misappropriate our confidential information or cause interruptions in services or operations. The Internet is a public network, and data is sent over this network from many sources. In the past, computer viruses or software programs that disable or impair computers have been distributed and have rapidly spread over the Internet. Computer viruses could be introduced into our systems, or those of our providers or regulators, which could disrupt our operations, or make o ur systems inaccessible to our providers or regulators. We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against the threat of security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by breaches. Because of the confidential health information we store and transmit, security breaches could expose us to a risk of regulatory action, litigation, fines and penalties, possible liability and loss. Our security measures may be inadequate to prevent security breaches, and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected by cancellation of contracts and loss of members if such breaches are not prevented.
Enacted into law in February 2009, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (“ARRA”) expanded and strengthened privacy and security requirements under HIPAA, including by further limiting our use and disclosure of protected health information (“PHI”). Among other things, these limitations include prohibitions on exchanging PHI for remuneration, restrictions on marketing to individuals, and the promise of new standards for the de-identification of data. ARRA also imposed obligations on us to provide individuals with electronic copies of their health information, to agree to certain restrictions requested by individuals and eventually to provide individuals an accounting of virtually all disclosures of their health information. Most of these provisions became effective in February 2010 and man y will be further clarified by regulations promulgated by HHS. In anticipation of these new limitations, we have already modified our notice of privacy practices and corresponding procedures to conform to the upcoming revisions.
Under ARRA, civil penalties for HIPAA violations by covered entities are increased up to an annual maximum of $1.5 million for uncorrected violations based on willful neglect. In addition, imposition of these penalties is now more likely because ARRA strengthens enforcement. For example, commencing February 2010, HHS was required to conduct periodic audits to confirm compliance. Investigations of violations that indicate willful neglect, for which penalties are mandatory beginning in February 2011, are statutorily required. In addition, state attorneys general are authorized to bring civil actions seeking either injunctions or damages in response to violations of HIPAA privacy and security regulations that threaten the privacy of state residents. Initially monies collected will be transferred to a division of HHS for fu rther enforcement, and within three years, a methodology will be adopted for distributing a percentage of those monies to affected individuals to fund enforcement and provide incentive for individuals to report violations.
In addition, ARRA requires us to notify affected individuals, HHS, and in some cases the media when unsecured personal health information is subject to a security breach.
ARRA also contains a number of provisions that provide incentives for states to initiate certain programs related to health care and health care technology, such as electronic health records. While provisions such as these do not apply to us directly, states wishing to apply for grants under ARRA, or otherwise participating in such programs, may impose new health care technology requirements on us through our contracts with state Medicaid agencies. We are unable to predict what such requirements may entail or what their effect on our business may be.
We will continue to assess our compliance obligations as regulations under ARRA are promulgated and more guidance becomes available from HHS and other federal agencies. The new privacy and security requirements, however, may require substantial operational and systems changes, employee education and resources and there is no guarantee that we be able to implement them adequately or prior to their effective date. Given HIPAA’s complexity and the anticipated new regulations, which may be subject to changing and perhaps conflicting interpretation, our ongoing ability to comply with all of the HIPAA requirements is uncertain, which may expose us to the criminal and increased civil penalties provided under ARRA and may require us to incur significant costs in order to seek to comply with its requirements.
Federal regulations require entities subject to HIPAA to update their transaction formats for electronic data exchange from current HIPAA 4010 requirement to the new HIPAA 5010 standards, which are not only burdensome and complex, but could adversely impact administrative expense and compliance.
A federal mandate known as HIPAA 5010 will require health plans to use new standards for conducting certain operational and administrative transactions electronically beginning in January 2012. These administrative transactions include: claims, remittance, eligibility and claims status requests and responses. The HIPAA 5010 upgrade was prompted by government and industry's shared goal of providing higher-quality, lower-cost health care and the need for a comprehensive electronic data exchange environment for the ICD-10 mandate to be implemented by October 2013. Upgrading to the new HIPAA 5010 standards should increase transaction uniformity, support pay for performance and streamline reimbursement transactions. We, along with other health plans, face significant pressure to make sure that we have installed our software and tested it for compatibility with our business partners. Because HIPAA 5010 affects electronic transactions such as patient eligibility, claims filing, claims status and remittance advice, we must proceed proactively to achieve full functionality of HIPAA 5010 transactions before the deadline. Otherwise we may face transaction rejections and subsequent payment delays, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, cash flows and results of operations. As the deadline approaches, we continue to upgrade and test our claims management systems to accommodate HIPAA 5010 and prevent any operational disruptions.
Our business could be adversely impacted by adoption of the new ICD-10 standardized coding set for diagnoses.
HHS has released rules pursuant to HIPAA which mandate the use of standard formats in electronic health care transactions. HHS also has published rules requiring the use of standardized code sets and unique identifiers for providers. By 2013, the federal government will require that health care organizations, including health insurers, upgrade to updated and expanded standardized code sets used for documenting health conditions. These new standardized code sets, known as ICD-10, will require substantial investments from health care organizations, including us. While use of the ICD-10 code sets will require significant administrative changes, we believe that the cost of compliance with these regulations has not had and is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our cash flows, financ ial position or results of operations. However, these changes may result in errors and otherwise negatively impact our service levels, and we may experience complications related to supporting customers that are not fully compliant with the revised requirements as of the applicable compliance date. Furthermore, if physicians fail to provide appropriate codes for services provided as a result of the new coding set, we may not be reimbursed, or adequately reimbursed, for such services.
If state regulatory agencies require a higher statutory capital level for our existing operations or if we become subject to additional capital requirements, we may be required to make additional capital contributions to our regulated subsidiaries, which would have a material adverse effect on our cash flows and liquidity.
Our operations are conducted primarily through licensed HMO and insurance subsidiaries. These subsidiaries are subject to state regulations that, among other things, require the maintenance of minimum levels of statutory capital and maintenance of certain financial ratios, as defined by each state. One or more of these states may raise the statutory capital level from time to time, which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows and liquidity. For example, the State of New York adopted regulations that increase the capital reserve requirement by 150% over an eight-year period that will be fully implemented in 2013. The phased-in increase in reserve requirements to which our New York plan is subject has, over time, materially increased our reserve requirements in that plan. Other states may elect to adopt risk-based capita l requirements based on guidelines adopted by the NAIC. As of December 31, 2010, our HMO operations in Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Missouri, New Jersey, Ohio and Texas as well as three of our insurance company subsidiaries were all subject to such guidelines.
Our subsidiaries also may be required to maintain higher levels of statutory capital due to the adoption of risk-based capital requirements by other states in which we operate. Our subsidiaries are subject to their state regulators’ general oversight powers. Regardless of whether a state adopts the risk-based capital requirements, the state’s regulators can require our subsidiaries to maintain minimum levels of statutory net worth in excess of amounts required under the applicable state laws if they determine that maintaining such additional statutory net worth is in the best interests of our members and other constituents. For example, if premium rates are inadequate, reduced profits or losses in ou r regulated subsidiaries may cause regulators to increase the amount of capital required. Any additional capital contribution made to one or more of the affected subsidiaries could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, cash flows and growth potential. In addition, increases of statutory capital requirements could cause us to withdraw from certain programs or markets where it becomes economically difficult to continue operating profitably.
An intercompany loan arrangement currently in place could be terminated by insurance regulators, which would have a material adverse effect on our unregulated cash position and liquidity.
Two of our regulated Florida subsidiaries currently have intercompany loan arrangements in place lending a total of $50.0 million to one of our non-regulated subsidiaries. The intercompany loan arrangement was for the purpose of commencing a new business that ultimately did not occur. The loan arrangements are guaranteed by our parent company and require repayment in September 2012 and we do not intend to repay the loan until that time. However, the Florida regulators could require the regulated subsidiaries to terminate the intercompany loan arrangements before the due date, necessitating the borrowing subsidiary to repay in full the amount owed to the regulated Florida subsidiaries. If we or the borrowing subsidiary were required to repay the intercompany loans, or other restrictions were placed on the use of the loan proceeds, our unregulated cash balance could be reduced by up to $50.0 million plus any accrued interest.
Failure of our state regulators to approve payments of dividends and/or distributions from certain of our regulated subsidiaries to us or our non-regulated subsidiaries may have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, non-regulated cash flows, business and financial condition.
In most states, we are required to seek the prior approval of state regulatory authorities to transfer money or pay dividends from our regulated subsidiaries in excess of specified amounts or, in some states, any amount. The discretion of the state regulators, if any, in approving or disapproving a dividend or intercompany transaction is often not clearly defined. Health plans that declare ordinary dividends usually must provide notice to the regulators in advance of the intended distribution date of such dividend. Extraordinary dividends require approval by state regulators prior to declaration. If our state regulators do not approve payments of dividends and/or distributions by certain of our regulated subsidiaries to us or our non-regulated subsidiaries, our liquidity, unregulated cash flows, business and financial condi tion may be materially adversely affected.
Our encounter data may be inaccurate or incomplete, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and ability to bid for, and continue to participate in, certain programs.
To the extent that our encounter data is inaccurate or incomplete, we have expended and may continue to expend additional effort and incur significant additional costs to collect or correct this data and have been and could be exposed to operating sanctions and financial fines and penalties potentially including regulatory risk for noncompliance. The accurate and timely reporting of encounter data is increasingly important to the success of our programs because more states are using encounter data to determine compliance with performance standards, which are partly used by states to set premium rates. In some instances, our government clients have established retroactive requirements for the encounter data we must submit. On other occasions, there may be a period of time in which we are unable to meet existi ng requirements. In either case, it may be prohibitively expensive or impossible for us to collect or reconstruct this historical data.
As states increase their reliance on encounter data, challenges in obtaining complete and accurate encounter data could affect the premium rates we receive and how membership is assigned to us, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and our ability to bid for, and continue to participate in, certain programs.
Claims relating to medical malpractice and other litigation could cause us to incur significant expenses, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and cash flows.
Our providers involved in medical care decisions and associates involved in coverage decisions may be exposed to the risk of medical malpractice claims. Some states have passed or are considering legislation that permits managed care organizations to be held liable for negligent treatment decisions or benefits coverage determinations, or eliminates the requirement that providers carry a minimum amount of professional liability insurance. This kind of legislation has the effect of shifting the liability for medical decisions or adverse outcomes to the managed care organization. This could result in substantial damage awards against us and our providers that could exceed the limits of our insurance coverage or could cause us to pay additional premiums to increase our insurance coverage. Therefore, successful malpractice or tort claims a sserted against us, our providers or our associates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
From time to time, we are party to various other litigation matters (including the matters discussed in Part I, Item 3 – Legal Proceedings, some of which seek monetary damages. We cannot predict with certainty the outcome of any pending litigation or potential future litigation, and we may incur substantial expense in defending these lawsuits or indemnifying third parties with respect to the results of such litigation, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We maintain errors and omissions policies as well as other insurance coverage. However, potential liabilities may not be covered by insurance, our insurers may dispute coverage or may be unable to meet their obligations, or the amount of our insurance coverage may be inadequate. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain insurance coverage in the future or that insurance will continue to be available to us on a cost-effective basis. Moreover, even if claims brought against us are unsuccessful or without merit, we would have to defend ourselves against such claims. The defense of any such actions may be time-consuming and costly and may distract our management’s attention. As a result, we may incur significant expenses and may be unable to effectively operate our business.
Our investments in auction rate securities are subject to risks that may cause losses and have a material adverse effect on our liquidity.
As of December, 31, 2010, our long-term investments included certain municipal note investments with an auction reset feature (“auction rate securities”) that had a par value of $46.2 million and an estimated fair value of $42.2 million. These notes are issued by various state and local municipal entities for the purpose of financing student loans, public projects and other activities, which carry investment grade credit ratings. Liquidity for these auction rate securities is typically provided by an auction process which allows holders to sell their notes and resets the applicable interest rate at pre-determined intervals, usually anywhere from seven to 35 days. Auctions for these auction rate securities have continued to fail and there is no assurance that auctions on the remaining auction rate securities in our investme nt portfolio will succeed in the near future. An auction failure means that the parties wishing to sell their securities could not be matched with an adequate volume of buyers. The securities for which auctions have failed will continue to accrue interest at the contractual rate and be auctioned every seven, 14, 28 or 35 days, as the case may be, until the auction succeeds, the issuer calls the securities, or they mature. As a result, our ability to liquidate and fully recover the carrying value of our auction rate securities in the near term may be limited or non-existent. We may be required to wait until market stability is restored for these instruments or until the final maturity of the underlying notes (up to 29 years) to realize our investments’ recorded value.
If the issuers of these auction rate securities are unable to successfully close future auctions and their credit ratings deteriorate, we may in the future be required to record an impairment charge on these investments.
Our inability to obtain or maintain adequate intellectual property rights in our brand names for our health plans or enforce such rights may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.
Our success depends, in part, upon our ability to market our health plans under our brand names, including “WellCare,” “HealthEase,” “Staywell,” and “Harmony.” We hold federal trademark registrations for the “WellCare,” "HealthEase" and "Harmony" trademarks, and we are pursuing an application with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to register "Ohana Health Plan, Inc. & Design.” We use the “Staywell” trademark only in the State of Florida, and, pursuant to an agreement in August 2008 with The Staywell Company, a health education company based in St. Paul, Minnesota, we will co-exist with their use of that term for very different kinds of services and will not pursue a federal registration of that trademark. It is possible that other businesses may have actual or purported rights in the same names or similar names to those under which we market our health plans, which could limit or prevent our ability to use these names, or our ability to prevent others from using these names. If we are unable to prevent others from using our brand names, if others prohibit us from using such names or if we incur significant costs to protect our intellectual property rights in such brand names, our business, results of operations and cash flows may be materially adversely affected.
Risks Related to Pending Governmental Investigations and Litigation
Any resolution of the ongoing investigations being conducted by certain federal and state agencies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
In 2009 we entered into a Deferred Prosecution Agreement (the “DPA”) with the United States Attorney’s Office for the Middle District of Florida (the “USAO”) and the Florida Attorney General’s Office, resolving previously disclosed investigations by those offices. As previously disclosed, we paid the USAO a total of $80.0 million pursuant to the terms of the DPA. For more information regarding the DPA, please see Part I, Item 3 – Legal Proceedings.
In October 2008, the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice (the “Civil Division”) informed us that as part of the pending civil inquiry, it is investigating four qui tam complaints filed by relators against us under the whistleblower provisions of the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. sections 3729-3733. As previously disclosed, we also learned from a docket search that a former employee filed a qui tam action on October 25, 2007 in state court for Leon County, Florida against several defendants, including us and one of our subsidiaries (the "Leon County qui tam suit"). As part of our discussions to resolve pendingqui tam and related civil investigations we have been informed that the Leon County qui tam suit was filed by one of the federal qui tam relators and contains allegations similar to those alleged in one of the unsealed qui tam complaints unsealed in 2010.
In June 2010, the United States government filed its Notice of Election to Intervene in three of the qui tam matters and we announced that we reached a preliminary agreement (the “Preliminary Settlement”) with the Civil Division, the Civil Division of the USAO, and the Civil Division of the United States Attorney’s Office for the District of Connecticut to settle their pending inquiries for, among other things, our agreement to pay a total of $137.5 million, plus interest, over a period of 36 months, and a possible contingent payment of $35.0 million upon the occurrence of certain change in control events. The Preliminary Settlement is subject to completion and approval of an executed written settlement agreement and other government approvals. There can be no assurance that the Preliminary Settlement will be finalized and approved and the actual outcome of these matters may differ materially from the terms of the Preliminary Settlement. Any final resolution of the ongoing investigations being conducted by these agencies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. For more information regarding the Preliminary Settlement, please see Part I, Item 3 – Legal Proceedings.
We remain engaged in resolution discussions as to matters under review with the United States Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Inspector General (the “OIG”). Those discussions are ongoing and no final resolution has been reached.
We do not know whether, or the extent to which, any pending investigations will result in the imposition of operating restrictions on our business. If we were to plead guilty to or be convicted of a health care related charge, potential adverse consequences could include revocation of our licenses, termination of one or more of our contracts and/or exclusion from further participation in Medicare or Medicaid programs. In addition, we could be required to operate under a corporate integrity agreement (“CIA”), which is a detailed and restrictive agreement, usually lasting five years, that can be imposed by the OIG. A CIA could require us to operate under significant restrictions, place substantial burdens on our management, hinder our ability to attract and retain qualified associates and cause us to incur significant costs. Further, the majority of our contracts pursuant to which we provide Medicare and Medicaid services contain provisions that grant the regulator broad authority to terminate at will contracts with any entity affiliated with a convicted entity or for other reasons. Any such outcomes would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The pendency of these investigations as well as the litigation described below could also impair our ability to raise additional capital, which may be needed to pay any resulting interest, civil or criminal fines, penalties or other assessments.
If we commit a material breach of the DPA, we will likely be convicted of one or more criminal offenses, including health care fraud, which would cause us to be excluded from certain programs and would result in the revocation or termination of contracts and/or licenses potentially having a material adverse affect on our results of operations.
Pursuant to the DPA, the USAO filed a one-count criminal information (the “Information”) in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida (the “Federal Court”), charging us with conspiracy to commit health care fraud against the Florida Medicaid Program in connection with reporting of expenditures under certain community behavioral health contracts, and against the Florida Healthy Kids programs, under certain contracts, in violation of 18 U.S.C. Section 1349. The USAO recommended to the Federal Court that the prosecution of us be deferred during the duration of the DPA. In the event of a knowing and willful material breach of a provision of the DPA, the USAO has broad discretion to prosecute us through the filed Information or otherwise. We could also be prosecuted by the Florida Attorne y General’s office under such circumstances. In light of the provisions of the DPA, any such proceeding would likely result in one or more criminal convictions, including for health care fraud, which, in turn, would cause us to be excluded from certain programs and could result in the revocation or termination of contracts and/or licenses potentially having a material adverse affect on our results of operations.
We and certain of our past officers and directors are defendants in litigation relating to our participation in federal health care programs, accounting practices and other related matters, and the outcome of these lawsuits may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Putative class action complaints were filed in 2007 against us, as well as certain of our past and present officers and directors, alleging, among other things, numerous violations of securities laws. In August 2010 we reached agreement with the lead plaintiffs on the material terms of a settlement to resolve these matters. In December 2010, the terms of the settlement were documented in a formal settlement agreement that was preliminarily approved by the Federal Court in February 2011 and is subject to final approval by the Federal Court following notice to all class members. The settlement provides, among other things, that we will make cash payments to the class of $87.5 million, issue to the class tradable unsecured bonds having an aggregate face value of $112.5 million, with a fixed coupon of 6% and a maturi ty date of December 31, 2016. The settlement also includes possible contingent payments of $25.0 million upon the occurrence of certain change in control events and 25% of any sums we recover from Todd Farha, Paul Behrens and/or Thaddeus Bereday, three of our former officers, as a result of claims arising from the same facts and circumstances that gave rise to this matter. There can be no assurance that the settlement will be finalized and approved and the actual outcome of this matter may differ materially from the terms of the settlement. For more information regarding these matters, please see Part I, Item 3 – Legal Proceedings.
These and other potential actions that may be filed against us, whether with or without merit, may divert the attention of management from our business, harm our reputation and otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our indemnification obligations and the limitations of our director and officer liability insurance may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Under Delaware law, our charter and bylaws and certain indemnification agreements to which we are a party, we have an obligation to indemnify, or we have otherwise agreed to indemnify, certain of our current and former directors, officers and associates with respect to current and future investigations and litigation, including the matters discussed in Part I, Item 3 – Legal Proceedings. In connection with some of these pending matters, we are required to, or we have otherwise agreed to, advance, and have advanced, significant legal fees and related expenses to several of our current and former directors, officers and associates and expect to continue to do so while these matters are pending.
In August 2010, we entered into an agreement and release with the carriers of our directors and officers (“D&O”) liability insurance relating to coverage we sought for claims relating to the previously disclosed government investigations and related litigation. We agreed to accept immediate payment of $32.5 million, including $6.7 million received by us in prior years, in satisfaction of the $45.0 million face amount of the relevant D&O insurance policies and the carriers agreed to waive any rights they may have to challenge our coverage under the policies. No additional recoveries with respect to such matters are expected under our insurance policies and all expenses incurred by us in the future for these matters will not be further reimbursed by our insurance policies. The agreement and release did not include a $10.0 million face amount policy that we maintain for non-indemnifiable securities claims by directors and officers during the same time period and such policy is not affected by the agreement and release. We currently maintain insurance in the amount of $175.0 million which provides coverage for our independent directors and officers hired after January 24, 2008 for certain potential matters to the extent they occur after October 2007. We cannot provide any assurances that pending claims, or claims yet to arise, will not exceed the limits of our insurance policies, that such claims are covered by the terms of our insurance policies or that our insurance carrier will be able to cover our claims.
Continuing negative publicity regarding the investigations, or the managed care industry in general, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
As a result of the ongoing federal and state investigations, shareholder and derivative litigation, restatement during 2009 of our previously issued financial statements and related matters, we have been the subject of negative publicity. This negative publicity may harm our relationships with current and future investors, government regulators, associates, members, vendors and providers. For example, it is possible that the negative publicity and its effect on our work environment could cause our associates to terminate their employment or, if they remain employed by us, result in reduced morale that could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, negative publicity may adversely affect our stock price and, therefore, associates and prospective associates may also consider our stability and the value of any equity incentives when making decisions regarding employment opportunities. Additionally, negative publicity may adversely affect our reputation, which could harm our ability to obtain new membership, build or maintain our network of providers, or business in the future. For example, when making award determinations, states frequently consider the plan’s historical regulatory compliance and reputation. As a result, continuing negative publicity regarding the investigations may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
In addition, the managed care industry historically has been subject to negative publicity. This publicity may result in increased legislation, regulation and review of industry practices and, in some cases, litigation. For example, the Obama Administration and certain members of Congress have been questioning the profits of health insurance plans and the percentage of premiums paid that are going directly to health care benefits. These inquiries have resulted in news reports that are generally negative to the health insurance industry. These factors may have a material adverse effect on our ability to market our products and services, require us to change our products and services and increase regulatory or legal burdens under which we operate, further increasing the costs of doing business and materially adversely affecting our busi ness, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
None.
Our principal administrative, sales and marketing facilities are located at our leased corporate headquarters in Tampa, Florida. Our corporate headquarters is used in all of our lines of business. We also lease office space for the administration of our health plans in Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio and Texas. These properties are all in good condition and are well maintained. We believe these facilities are suitable and provide the appropriate level of capacity for our current operations.
Government Investigations
Deferred Prosecution Agreement. As previously disclosed, in May 2009, we entered into a Deferred Prosecution Agreement (the “DPA”) with the United States Attorney’s Office for the Middle District of Florida (the “USAO”) and the Florida Attorney General’s Office, resolving previously disclosed investigations by those offices.
Under the one-count criminal information (the “Information”) filed with the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (the “Federal Court”) by the USAO pursuant to the DPA, we were charged with one count of conspiracy to commit health care fraud against the Florida Medicaid Program in connection with reporting of expenditures under certain community behavioral health contracts, and against the Florida Healthy Kids programs, under certain contracts, in violation of 18 U.S.C. Section 1349. The USAO recommended to the Court that the prosecution be deferred for the duration of the DPA. Within five days of the expiration of the DPA the USAO will seek dismissal with prejudice of the Information, provided we have complied with the DPA.
The term of the DPA is thirty-six months, but such term may be reduced by the USAO to twenty-four months upon consideration of certain factors set forth in the DPA, including our continued remedial actions and compliance with all federal and state health care laws and regulations.
In accordance with the DPA, the USAO has filed, with the Federal Court, a statement of facts relating to this matter. As a part of the DPA, we retained an independent monitor (the “Monitor”) for a period of 18 months from August 19, 2009 to February 18, 2011. The Monitor was selected by the USAO after consultation with us and is retained at our expense. In addition, we agreed to continue undertaking remedial measures to ensure full compliance with all federal and state health care laws. Among other things, the Monitor reviewed and evaluated our compliance with the DPA and all applicable federal and state health care laws, regulations and programs. The Monitor also has reviewed, evaluated and, as necessary, made written recommendations concerning certain of our policies and procedures. Consistent with th e DPA, the Monitor has undertaken to avoid the disruption of our ordinary business operations or the imposition of unnecessary costs or expenses.
The DPA does not, nor should it be construed to, operate as a settlement or release of any civil or administrative claims for monetary, injunctive or other relief against us, whether under federal, state or local statutes, regulations or common law. Furthermore, the DPA does not operate, nor should it be construed, as a concession that we are entitled to any limitation of our potential federal, state or local civil or administrative liability. Pursuant to the terms of the DPA, we have paid the USAO a total of $80.0 million.
Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice. In October 2008, the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice (the “Civil Division”) informed us that as part of the pending civil inquiry, it was investigating four qui tam complaints filed by relators against us under the whistleblower provisions of the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. sections 3729-3733. The seal in those cases was partially lifted for the purpose of authorizing the Civil Division to disclose to us the existence of the qui tam complaints. In May 2010, as part of the ongoing resolution discussions with the Civil Division, we were provided with a copy of the qui tam complaints, in response to our request, which otherwise remained under seal as required by 31 U.S.C. section 3730(b)(3).
As previously disclosed, we also learned from a docket search that a former employee filed a qui tam action on October 25, 2007 in state court for Leon County, Florida against several defendants, including us and one of our subsidiaries (the "Leon County qui tam suit"). As part of our discussions to resolve pending qui tam and related civil investigations discussed above, we were informed that the Leon County qui tam suit was filed by one of the federal qui tam relators and contains allegations similar to those alleged in one of the recently unseale d qui tam complaints.
On June 24, 2010, (i) the United States government filed its Notice of Election to Intervene in three of the qui tam matters, and (ii) we announced that we reached a preliminary agreement (the “Preliminary Settlement”) with the Civil Division, the Civil Division of the USAO, and the Civil Division of the United States Attorney’s Office for the District of Connecticut to settle their pending inquiries. On June 25, 2010, the Federal Court lifted the seal in the three qui tam complaints in which the government had intervened. Those complaints are now publicly available. A temporary stay of discovery has been granted in the three qui tam matters until M ay 2, 2011.
The Preliminary Settlement is subject to completion and approval of an executed written settlement agreement and other government approvals. Following execution and government approvals, if any party objects to the settlement, the Federal Court will conduct a hearing to determine whether the proposed settlement is fair, adequate and reasonable under all the circumstances. Under the Preliminary Settlement, we would, among other things, agree to pay the Civil Division a total of $137.5 million (the “Settlement Amount”), for which the first installment will be due after a written settlement agreement has been executed and three subsequent installments will be paid over a period of up to 36 months after the date of that executed written settlement agreement (the “Payment Period”) plus interest at the rate of 3.125% per year. The Preliminary Settlement includes an acceleration clause that would require immediate payment of the remaining balance of the Settlement Amount in the event that we were acquired or otherwise experienced a change in control during the Payment Period. In addition, the Preliminary Settlement provides for a contingent payment of an additional $35.0 million in the event that we are acquired or otherwise experience a change in control within three years of the execution of the settlement agreement and provided that the change in control transaction exceeds certain minimum transaction value thresholds to be specified in the settlement agreement. We expect that the final settlement agreement will provide that the Settlement Amount will account for approximately $22.9 million owed to the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration (“AHCA”) as a result of overpayments received by us from AHCA during the three month period of August 2005 through October 2005. These overpayments were the resu lt of a change implemented by AHCA in the payment methodology relating to medical benefits for newborns.
There can be no assurance that the Preliminary Settlement will be finalized and approved and the actual outcome of these matters may differ materially from the terms of the Preliminary Settlement.
United States Department of Health and Human Services. As previously disclosed, we remain engaged in resolution discussions as to matters under review with the United States Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Inspector General (the “OIG”). Those discussions are ongoing and no final resolution has been reached.
Class Action Complaints
Putative class action complaints were filed in October 2007 and in November 2007. These putative class actions, entitled Eastwood Enterprises, L.L.C. v. Farha, et al. and Hutton v. WellCare Health Plans, Inc. et al., respectively, were filed in Federal Court against us, Todd Farha, our former chairman and chief executive officer, and Paul Behrens, our former senior vice president and chief financial officer. Messrs. Farha and Behrens were also officers of various subsidiaries of ours. The Eastwood Enterprises complaint alleged that the defendants materially misstated our reported financial condition by, among other things, purportedly overstating revenue and understating expenses in amounts unspecified in the pleading in violation of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). The Hutton complaint alleged that various public statements supposedly issued by the defendants were materially misleading because they failed to disclose that we were purportedly operating our business in a potentially illegal and improper manner in violation of applicable federal guidelines and regulations. The complaint asserted claims under the Exchange Act. Both complaints sought, among other things, certification as a class action and damages. The two actions were consolidated, and various parties and law firms filed motions seeking to be designated as Lead Plaintiff and Lead Counsel. In an Order issued in March 2008, the Federal Court appointed a group of five public pension funds from New Mexico, Louisiana and Chicago (the “Public Pension Fund Group”) as Lead Plaintiffs. In October 2008, an amended consolidated complaint was filed in this class action asserting claims against us, Messrs. Farh a and Behrens, and adding Thaddeus Bereday, our former senior vice president and general counsel, as a defendant.
In January 2009, we and certain other defendants filed a joint motion to dismiss the amended consolidated complaint, arguing, among other things, that the complaint failed to allege a material misstatement by defendants with respect to our compliance with marketing and other health care regulations and failed to plead facts raising a strong inference of scienter with respect to all aspects of the purported fraud claim. The Federal Court denied the motion in September 2009 and we and the other defendants filed our answer to the amended consolidated complaint in November 2009. In April 2010, the Lead Plaintiffs filed their motion for class certification. On June 18, 2010, the USAO filed motions seeking to intervene and for a temporary stay of discovery of this matter. Discovery has been stayed through March 17, 2011.
In August 2010, we reached agreement with the Lead Plaintiffs on the material terms of a settlement to resolve these matters. In December 2010, the terms of the settlement were documented in a formal settlement agreement that is subject to approval by the Federal Court following notice to all class members. On February 9, 2011, the Federal Court entered an order preliminarily approving the settlement and scheduled the final Settlement hearing for May 4, 2011. The settlement provides that we will make cash payments to the class of $52.5 million within thirty business days following the Federal Court’s preliminary approval of the settlement and $35.0 million by July 31, 2011. The settlement also provides that we will issue to the class tradable unsecured subordinated bonds having an aggregate face v alue of $112.5 million, with a fixed coupon of 6% and a maturity date of December 31, 2016. The bonds shall also provide that, if we incur debt obligations in excess of $425.0 million that are senior to the bonds, the holders of the bonds have the right to accelerate payment of the bonds. We will have the right to redeem the bonds at 102% of face value during the first year and at 100% of face value thereafter. The settlement has two further contingencies. First, it provides that if, within three years following the date of the settlement agreement, the Company is acquired or otherwise experiences a change in control at a share price of $30.00 or more, we will pay to the class an additional $25.0 million. Second, the settlement provides that we will pay to the class 25% of any sums we recover from Messrs. Farha, Behrens and/or Bereday as a result of claims arising from the same facts and circumstances that gave rise to this matter. We may terminate the settlement if a certain number or percentage of the class opt out of the settlement class. The settlement agreement also provides that the settlement does not constitute an admission of liability by any party and such other terms as are customarily contained in settlement agreements of similar matters.
There can be no assurance that the settlement will be approved by the Federal Court and the actual outcome of this matter may differ materially from the terms of the settlement.
Derivative Lawsuits
As previously disclosed, in connection with our government investigations, five putative stockholder derivative actions were filed between October and November 2007. Four of these actions were asserted against directors Kevin Hickey and Christian Michalik, our current directors who were directors prior to 2007, and against former directors Regina Herzlinger, Alif Hourani, Ruben King-Shaw and Neal Moszkowski, and former director and officer Todd Farha. These actions also named us as a nominal defendant. Two of these actions were filed in the Federal Court and two actions were filed in the Circuit Court for Hillsborough County, Florida (the “State Court”). The fifth action, filed in the Federal Court, asserts claims against directors Robert Graham, Kevin Hickey and Christian Michalik, our current director s who were directors at the time the action was filed, and against former directors Regina Herzlinger, Alif Hourani, Ruben King-Shaw and Neal Moszkowski, former director and officer Todd Farha, and former officers Paul Behrens and Thaddeus Bereday. A sixth derivative action was filed in January 2008 in the Federal Court and asserted claims against all of these defendants except Robert Graham. All six of these actions contended, among other things, that the defendants allegedly allowed or caused us to misrepresent our reported financial results, in amounts unspecified in the pleadings, and seek damages and equitable relief for, among other things, the defendants’ supposed breach of fiduciary duty, waste and unjust enrichment. In April 2009, upon the recommendation of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board, the Board formed a Special Litigation Committee, comprised of a newly-appointed independent director, to investigate the facts and circumstances underlying the c laims asserted in the derivative cases and to take such action with respect to these claims as the Special Litigation Committee determines to be in our best interests. In November 2009, the Special Litigation Committee filed a report with the Federal Court determining, among other things, that we should pursue an action against three of our former officers. In December 2009, the Special Litigation Committee filed a motion to dismiss the claims against the director defendants and to realign us as a plaintiff for purposes of pursuing claims against former officers Messrs. Farha, Behrens and Bereday.
In March 2010, a Stipulation of Partial Settlement (“Stipulation I”) was filed in the Federal Court. Under the terms of Stipulation I, the plaintiffs in the federal action agreed that the Special Litigation Committee's motion to dismiss the director defendants and to realign us as a plaintiff should be granted in its entirety. The plaintiffs in the consolidated federal putative stockholder derivative action also agreed to dismiss their claims against Messrs. Farha, Behrens and Bereday. In turn, we paid to plaintiffs' counsel in the federal action attorneys' fees in the amount of $1.7 million. In April 2010, the Federal Court entered an order preliminarily approving Stipulation I and directing us to provide notice to our stockholders. The Federal Court also approved Stipulation I and granted our motion to dismiss the director defendants and realigned us as the plaintiff in this action in July 2010. The case is now styled WellCare v. Farha, et al . The Federal Court stayed discovery through March 17, 2011. In August 2010, Messrs. Farha, Behrens and Bereday filed a notice of appeal in the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (the "Court of Appeals"), which is pending.
In April 2010, a second Stipulation of Partial Settlement (“Stipulation II”) was filed in the State Court. Under the terms of Stipulation II, the plaintiffs in the state action agreed that the Special Litigation Committee’s motion to dismiss the director defendants and to realign us as a plaintiff should be granted in its entirety. In turn, we paid to plaintiffs’ counsel in the state action attorneys’ fees in the amount of $0.6 million. The State Court approved Stipulation II and granted our motion to dismiss the director defendants and realigned us as the plaintiff in this action in June 2010. In July 2010, Mr. Farha filed a notice of appeal in this matter, which remains pending.
In October 2010, we filed a motion for leave to file an amended complaint against Mr. Farha in the State Court action and a new lawsuit in Federal Court against Messrs. Behrens and Bereday, stating claims for breach of contract and breach of their fiduciary duties.
Other Lawsuits and Claims
Separate and apart from the legal matters described above, we are also involved in other legal actions that are in the normal course of our business, including, without limitation, provider disputes regarding payment of claims and disputes relating to the performance of contractual obligations with state agencies, some of which seek monetary damages, including claims for punitive damages, which are not covered by insurance. We currently believe that none of these actions, when finally concluded and determined, will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
PART II
Market for Common Stock
Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “WCG”. The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices of our common stock, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, for each of the periods listed.
| | High | | | Low | |
2010 | | | | | | |
First Quarter ended March 31, 2010 | | $ | 37.82 | | | $ | 25.68 | |
Second Quarter ended June 30, 2010 | | $ | 32.16 | | | $ | 22.55 | |
Third Quarter ended September 30, 2010 | | $ | 29.99 | | | $ | 22.25 | |
Fourth Quarter ended December 31, 2010 | | $ | 30.46 | | | $ | 27.33 | |
2009 | | | | | | | | |
First Quarter ended March 31, 2009 | | $ | 16.82 | | | $ | 6.23 | |
Second Quarter ended June 30, 2009 | | $ | 20.91 | | | $ | 10.86 | |
Third Quarter ended September 30, 2009 | | $ | 27.50 | | | $ | 16.55 | |
Fourth Quarter ended December 31, 2009 | | $ | 39.12 | | | $ | 24.00 | |
The last reported sale price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on February 11, 2011 was $34.16. As of February 11, 2011, we had approximately 30 holders of record of our common stock.
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock for the period from December 31, 2005, to December 31, 2010 with the cumulative total return on the stocks included in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index and the Custom Composite Index over the same period. The Custom Composite Index includes the stock of Aetna, Inc., Amerigroup Corporation, Centene Corporation, Cigna Corp., Coventry Health Care Inc., Health Net Inc., HealthSpring, Inc., Humana, Inc., Molina Healthcare, Inc., Unitedhealth Group, Inc., Universal American Corp. and WellPoint, Inc. The graph assumes an investment of $100 made in our common stock and the Custom Composite Index on December 31, 2005. The graph also assumes the reinvestment of dividends and is weighted according to the respective company’s stock market capitalization at the beginning of each of the periods indicated. We did not pay any dividends during the period reflected in the graph. Further, our common stock price performance shown below should not be viewed as being indicative of future performance.
| | 12/31/05 | | | 12/31/06 | | | 12/31/07 | | | 12/31/08 | | | 12/31/09 | | | 12/31/10 | |
WellCare Health Plans, Inc. | | $ | 100 | | | $ | 169 | | | $ | 104 | | | $ | 31 | | | $ | 90 | | | $ | 74 | |
S&P 500 Index | | $ | 100 | | | $ | 116 | | | $ | 122 | | | $ | 77 | | | $ | 97 | | | $ | 112 | |
Custom Composite Index (12 stocks) | | $ | 100 | | | $ | 94 | | | $ | 108 | | | $ | 49 | | | $ | 62 | | | $ | 69 | |
Dividends
We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the future.
Our ability to pay dividends is partially dependent on, among other things, our receipt of cash dividends from our regulated subsidiaries. The ability of our regulated subsidiaries to pay dividends to us is limited by the state departments of insurance in the states in which we operate or may operate, as well as requirements of the government-sponsored health programs in which we participate. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our Board and will depend upon, among other factors, our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements and contractual restrictions. For more information regarding restrictions on the ability of our regulated subsidiaries to pay dividends to us, please see Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Anal ysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Regulatory Capital and Restrictions on Dividends and Management Fees.
Unregistered Issuances of Equity Securities
None.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
We do not have a stock repurchase program. However, during the quarter ended December 31, 2010, certain of our employees were deemed to have surrendered shares of our common stock to satisfy their withholding tax obligations associated with the vesting of shares of restricted common stock. The following table summarizes these repurchases:
Period | | Total Number of Shares Purchased(1) | | | Average Price Paid Per Share(1) | | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | | | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs | |
October 1, 2010 through October 31, 2010 | | | 875 | | | $ | 28.59 | (2) | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
November 1, 2010 through November 30, 2010 | | | 681 | | | $ | 28.42 | (3) | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
December 1, 2010 through December 31, 2010 | | | 53,688 | | | $ | 30.22 | (4) | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Total during quarter ended December 31, 2010 | | | 55,244 | | | $ | 28.72 | (5) | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
____________
| The number of shares purchased represent the number of shares of our common stock deemed surrendered by our employees to satisfy their withholding tax obligations due to the vesting of shares of restricted common stock. For the purposes of this table, we determined the average price paid per share based on the closing price of our common stock as of the date of the determination of the withholding tax amounts (i.e., the date that the shares of restricted stock vested). We did not pay any cash consideration to repurchase these shares. |
(2) | The weighted average price paid per share during the period was $28.41. |
(3) | The weighted average price paid per share during the period was $28.49. |
(4) | The weighted average price paid per share during the period was $30.22. |
(5) | The weighted average price paid per share during the period was $30.12. |
The following table sets forth our summary financial data. This information should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this 2010 Form 10-K. The data for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, and as of December 31, 2009 and 2010 is derived from consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this 2010 Form 10-K. The data for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007 and as of December 31, 2006, 2007, and 2008 is derived from audited financial statements not included in this 2010 Form 10-K.
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 |
| | (in thousands, except share data) | |
Consolidated and Combined Statements of Income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premium: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medicaid | | $ | 1,871,075 | | | $ | 2,612,601 | | | $ | 2,902,120 | | | $ | 3,165,705 | | | $ | 3,252,377 | |
Medicaid premium taxes | | | 35,316 | | | | 79,180 | | | | 88,929 | | | | 91,026 | | | | 56,374 | |
Total Medicaid | | | 1,906,391 | | | | 2,691,781 | | | | 2,991,049 | | | | 3,256,731 | | | | 3,308,751 | |
Medicare Advantage | | | 770,035 | | | | 1,586,266 | | | | 2,436,226 | | | | 2,775,442 | | | | 1,336,089 | |
PDP | | | 909,617 | | | | 1,026,842 | | | | 1,055,795 | | | | 835,079 | | | | 785,350 | |
Total premium | | | 3,586,043 | | | | 5,304,889 | | | | 6,483,070 | | | | 6,867,252 | | | | 5,430,190 | |
Investment and other income | | | 49,919 | | | | 85,903 | | | | 38,837 | | | | 10,912 | | | | 10,035 | |
Total revenues | | | 3,635,962 | | | | 5,390,792 | | | | 6,521,907 | | | | 6,878,164 | | | | 5,440,225 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medical benefits: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medicaid | | | 1,555,819 | | | | 2,136,710 | | | | 2,537,422 | | | | 2,810,611 | | | | 2,847,315 | |
Medicare Advantage | | | 635,813 | | | | 1,251,753 | | | | 2,058,430 | | | | 2,299,378 | | | | 1,054,071 | |
PDP | | | 715,658 | | | | 824,921 | | | | 934,364 | | | | 752,468 | | | | 635,245 | |
Total medical benefits | | | 2,907,290 | | | | 4,213,384 | | | | 5,530,216 | | | | 5,862,457 | | | | 4,536,631 | |
Selling, general and administrative(1) | | | 461,202 | | | | 687,669 | | | | 844,929 | | | | 805,238 | | | | 895,894 | |
Medicaid premium taxes | | | 35,316 | | | | 79,180 | | | | 88,929 | | | | 91,026 | | | | 56,374 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 17,170 | | | | 18,757 | | | | 21,324 | | | | 23,336 | | | | 23,946 | |
Interest | | | 13,965 | | | | 13,834 | | | | 11,340 | | | | 3,087 | | | | 229 | |
Goodwill impairment(2) | | | — | | | | — | | | | 78,339 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total expenses | | | 3,434,943 | | | | 5,012,824 | | | | 6,575,077 | | | | 6,785,144 | | | | 5,513,074 | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | | 201,019 | | | | 377,968 | | | | (53,170 | ) | | | 93,020 | | | | (72,849 | ) |
Income tax expense (benefit) | | | 79,790 | | | | 161,732 | | | | (16,337 | ) | | | 53,149 | | | | (19,449 | ) |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 121,229 | | | $ | 216,236 | | | $ | (36,833 | ) | | $ | 39,871 | | | $ | (53,400 | ) |
Net income (loss) per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | 3.08 | | | $ | 5.31 | | | $ | (0.89 | ) | | $ | 0.95 | | | $ | (1.26 | ) |
Diluted | | $ | 2.98 | | | $ | 5.16 | | | $ | (0.89 | ) | | $ | 0.95 | | | $ | (1.26 | ) |
| As of December 31, |
| 2006 | | 2007 | | 2008 | | 2009 | | 2010 |
Operating Statistics: | | | | | | | | | |
Medical benefits ratio — Consolidated(3)(4)(5) | 81.9% | | 80.6% | | 86.5% | | 86.5% | | 84.4% |
Medical benefits ratio — Medicaid(3) | 83.2% | | 81.8% | | 87.4% | | 88.8% | | 87.5% |
Medical benefits ratio — Medicare Advantage(3) | 82.6% | | 78.9% | | 84.5% | | 82.8% | | 78.9% |
Medical benefits ratio — PDP(3) | 78.7% | | 80.3% | | 88.5% | | 90.1% | | 80.9% |
Selling, general and administrative expense ratio(6) | 12.8% | | 12.9% | | 13.1% | | 11.9% | | 16.6% |
Members — Consolidated | 2,258,000 | | 2,373,000 | | 2,532,000 | | 2,321,000 | | 2,224,000 |
Members — Medicaid | 1,245,000 | | 1,232,000 | | 1,300,000 | | 1,349,000 | | 1,340,000 |
Members — Medicare Advantage | 90,000 | | 158,000 | | 246,000 | | 225,000 | | 116,000 |
Members — PDP | 923,000 | | 983,000 | | 986,000 | | 747,000 | | 768,000 |
Days in claims payable(7) | 47 | | 46 | | 54 | | 53 | | 62 |
| | As of December 31, |
| | 2006 | | | 2007 | | | 2008 | | | 2009 | | | 2010 |
| | (In thousands) |
Balance Sheet Data: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 964,542 | | | $ | 1,008,409 | | | $ | 1,181,922 | | | $ | 1,158,131 | | | $ | 1,359,548 |
Total assets | | | 1,664,298 | | | | 2,082,731 | | | | 2,203,461 | | | | 2,118,447 | | | | 2,247,293 |
Long-term debt (including current maturities) | | | 155,621 | | | | 154,581 | | | | 152,741 | | | | — | | | | — |
Total liabilities | | | 1,127,239 | | | | 1,274,840 | | | | 1,397,632 | | | | 1,237,547 | | | | 1,415,247 |
Total stockholders’ equity | | | 537,059 | | | | 807,891 | | | | 805,829 | | | | 880,900 | | | | 832,046 |
____________
(1) | Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense includes $266.0 million, $105.0 million, $103.0 million and $71.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, of aggregate costs related to the resolution of the previously disclosed governmental and Company investigations, such as: settlement accruals and related fair value accretion, legal fees and other similar costs. These amounts are net of $25.8 million, $6.4 million and $0.3 million of D&O insurance recoveries related to the consolidated securities class action during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. |
(2) | Based on the general economic conditions and outlook during 2008, we performed an analysis of the underlying valuation of Goodwill at December 31, 2008. Upon reviewing the valuation results, we determined that the goodwill associated with our Medicare reporting unit was fully impaired. The impairment to our Medicare reporting unit was due to, among other things, the anticipated operating environment resulting from regulatory changes and new health care legislation, and the resulting effects on our future membership trends. In 2008, we recorded goodwill impairment expense of $78.3 million. |
(3) | Medical benefits ratio measures medical benefits expense as a percentage of premium revenue, excluding premium taxes. |
(4) | As a result of the restatement and investigation, we were delayed in filing our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 (the “2007 Form 10-K”). Due to the substantial lapse in time between December 31, 2007 and the date of filing of our 2007 Form 10-K, we were able to review substantially complete claims information that had become available due to the substantial lapse in time between December 31, 2007 and the date of filing of our 2007 Form 10-K. We have determined that the claims information that has become available provides additional evidence about conditions that existed with respect to medical benefits payable at the December 31, 2007 balance sheet date and has been considered in accordance with GAAP. Consequently, the amounts we recorded for medical benefits payable and medical benefits expense for the year ended December 31, 2007 were based on actual claims pa id. The difference between our actual claims paid for the 2007 period and the amount that would have resulted from using our original actuarially determined estimate is approximately $92.9 million, or a decrease of 1.8% in the MBR. Thus, Medical benefits expense, medical benefits payable and the MBR for the year ended December 31, 2007 include the effect of using actual claims paid. |
(5) | As discussed above, due to the delay in filing our 2007 Form 10-K, we were able to review substantially complete claims information that had become available due to the substantial lapse in time between December 31, 2007 and the date we filed our 2007 Form 10-K; therefore, the favorable development was reported in 2007 instead of 2008 as it otherwise would have been. Therefore, our recorded amounts for Medical Benefits Expense and MBR for the year ended December 31, 2008 is approximately $92.9 million, or 1.4%, higher than it otherwise would have been if we had filed our 2007 Form 10-K on time. |
(6) | SG&A expense ratio measures selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage of total revenue, excluding premium taxes, and does not include depreciation and amortization expense for purposes of determining the ratio. |
(7) | Days in claims payable (“DCP”) measures the average number of days in medical benefits payable based on the average amount of medical benefits expense per calendar day, as calculated in the fourth quarter of each year presented. The increase in DCP in 2010 was largely driven by certain provider settlements and state customer agreements, as well as changes we implemented in our claims processes designed to improve encounter data quality. The changes in claims processing have added approximately five days to our DCP since June 30, 2010. We expect that our DCP will decrease during the first quarter of 2011, as we work through the impacts of these changes. |
We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the future.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 6 – Selected Financial Data and our combined and consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this 2010 Form 10-K. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause our actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations. Factors that could cause such differences include those set forth under Part I, Item 1 – Business and Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors, as well as Forward-Looking Statements discussed earlier in this 2010 Form 10-K.
Overview
Executive Summary
We are committed to operating our business in a manner that serves our key constituents – members, providers, government clients and associates – while delivering competitive returns for our investors.
We provide managed care services exclusively to government-sponsored health care programs, serving approximately 2.2 million members as of December 31, 2010. We believe that our broad range of experience and exclusive government focus allows us to effectively serve our members, partner with our providers and government clients and efficiently manage our ongoing operations. Our strategic priorities include improving health care quality and access for our members, achieving a competitive cost position and delivering prudent and profitable growth.
For a complete discussion of our progress relating to our strategic business initiatives, see Part I, Item 1 – Business – Business Strategy.
General Economic and Political Environment
The current economic and political environment is affecting our business and the industry overall in a number of ways, as more fully described throughout this 2010 Form 10-K.
New governors recently took office in nearly all of our current Medicaid markets. These new administrations may propose and implement significant changes to current Medicaid programs in their respective states. These changes may include moving programs into managed care, such as the ABD populations; expanding existing programs to provide coverage to those who are currently uninsured; and reprocurement of existing managed care programs. State budget shortfalls in many states will be a significant consideration in any changes to existing Medicaid programs.
The Georgia Department of Community Health is evaluating its Medicaid programs beyond July 1, 2012, which may include a re-bid of the programs for new contracts effective July 1, 2012. Louisiana and Texas, states in which we have offered MA plans for several years, are now contemplating new and expanded Medicaid managed care programs that would be very complementary to our existing operations and infrastructure.
Premium Rates and Payments
The states in which we operate continue to experience fiscal challenges which have led to budget cuts and reductions in Medicaid premiums in certain states or rate increases that are below medical cost trends. In particular, we continue to experience pressure on rates in Florida and Georgia, two states from which we derive a substantial portion of our revenue. Although premiums are generally contractually payable to us before or during the month in which we are obligated to provide services to our members, we have experienced delays in premium payments from certain states. In particular, the State of Georgia recently passed legislation mandating that payment for Medicaid premiums in that state be made in the middle and at the end of the month i n which services are provided. Although this legislation becomes effective in June 2011, the State of Georgia has already implemented this change. Previously, such payments were made at the beginning of each month. Given the budget shortfalls in many states with which we contract, additional payment delays may occur in the future.
In 2009, as part of the federal medical assistance percentages (“FMAP”), Congress temporarily increased federal funding for state Medicaid programs. The policy rationale was to help alleviate states’ fiscal problems in the face of declining revenues and rising Medicaid enrollments due to the economic downturn. The enhanced FMAP was set to expire at the end of 2010. The Senate and House of Representatives have separately passed legislation extending additional enhanced FMAP funding through June 2011. If the enhanced FMAP is not extended beyond June 2011, states may have to reassess the level of benefits provided under their health care programs, reassess eligibility for benefits and/or take other actions to address a lower FMAP.
Health Care Reform
We believe that the new health care reform legislation will bring about significant changes to the American health care system. For a further discussion of health care reform and its potential impact on our business, see Part I, Item 1 – Business – Health Care Reform. In addition, refer to the risks and uncertainties related to health care reform as discusses in Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors – Future changes in health care law present challenges for our business that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows.
Business and Financial Outlook
Business Trends
Our revenues and medical benefits expenses for fiscal year 2010 were lower than in prior periods due to our exit on December 31, 2009 from our MA PFFS product and our exit from Medicaid programs in certain Florida counties during 2009. Premium revenue from our PFFS product represented approximately 41% of our MA reportable operating segment revenue and 17% of our consolidated premium revenue for the 2009 fiscal year. We anticipate that the withdrawal from the PFFS product may provide approximately $40.0 million to $60.0 million of excess capital in the insurance companies that underwrote this line of business, which we may be able to distribute to our unregulated subsidiaries through dividends. However , we currently believe we will not have the benefit of these dividends until late 2011 and possibly later, if at all. Any dividend of surplus capital of our applicable insurance subsidiaries, including the timing and amount of any dividend, would be subject to a variety of factors, which could materially change the aforementioned timing and amount. Those factors principally include the financial performance of other lines of business that operate in those insurance subsidiaries, approval from regulatory agencies and potential changes in regulatory capital requirements.
During 2009, CMS imposed a marketing sanction against us that prohibited us from the marketing of, and enrolling members into, all lines of our Medicare business from March until the sanction was released in November of that year. As a result of the sanction, we were not eligible to receive auto-assignment of LIS dual-eligible beneficiaries into our PDPs for January 2010 enrollment. We received auto-assignment of such members in subsequent months, although such assignments were at levels well below the level we typically experience in the month of January.
We received rate increases in most of our Medicaid markets during the third quarter of 2010, including net increases of approximately 2.5% to 3.0% in Florida effective September 1, 2010 and 1.5% to 2.0% in Georgia effective July 1, 2010, that were below our medical cost trends. Hawaii program rate increases, which we believe have improved the stability of the program, also were effective July 1, 2010. New York program rate increases were also implemented during the third quarter of 2010 that were effective April 1, 2010.
As part of the 2010 Acts, MA payment benchmarks for 2011 were frozen at 2010 levels. This places increased importance on administrative cost improvements and effective medical cost initiatives.
Based on the outcome of our 2011 PDP bids, which resulted in our plans being below the benchmarks in 20 of the 34 CMS regions, up from 19 regions in 2010, we were eligible for auto-assignment of LIS beneficiaries in those 20 regions for January 2011 enrollment. In addition, we maintained our auto-assigned members in eight other CMS regions where we bid within a de minimis range of the benchmark.
Some hospital contracts are directly tied to state Medicaid fee schedules, in which case reimbursement levels may be adjusted up or down, generally on a prospective basis, based on adjustments made by the state to the fee schedule. We have experienced, and may continue to experience, such adjustments unless such adjustments are mitigated by an increase in premiums, our profitability will be negatively impacted.
Strategic and Organizational Restructuring
In August 2010, we announced a strategic and organizational restructuring with the objective of ensuring administrative efficiency and a competitive cost structure. The restructuring included a workforce reduction and the elimination of a significant number of open positions resulting from streamlining and improving business processes and operations, including the centralization and consolidation of certain functions. We also allocated new resources and directed substantial investments to priority areas such as health care quality, compliance, information technology, and business development. |
Assessment of opportunities to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our administrative processes remains an important discipline for us. We continue to evaluate our operations in order to achieve our long-term target of an administrative expense ratio in the low 10% range. In addition, as part of our medical cost initiatives, we have implemented provider contracting, case and disease management and pharmacy initiatives. These medical cost initiatives contributed to the year-over-year reductions we achieved for our medical benefits ratios.
Financial Impact of Government Investigations and Litigation
For a complete discussion of government investigations and litigation including the associated financial impact, please refer to our Selling, general and administrative expense discussion under Results of Operations below and Part IV, Item 15(a) – Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies.
Basis of Presentation
Segments
Reportable operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which discrete financial information is available and evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision-maker to determine how resources should be allocated to an individual segment and to assess performance of those segments. Previously, we reported two operating segments, Medicaid and Medicare, which coincide with our two main business lines. During the first quarter of 2010, we reassessed our segment reporting practices and made revisions to reflect our current method of managing performance and determining resource allocation, which includes reviewing the results of our PDP operations separately from other Medicare products. Accordingly, we now have three reportable segments within our two main business lines: Medicaid, MA and PDP. The PFFS pro duct that we exited December 31, 2009 is reported within the MA segment. The prior periods have been revised to reflect this segment presentation.
Medicaid
Medicaid was established to provide medical assistance to low-income and disabled persons. It is state operated and implemented, although it is funded and regulated by both the state and federal governments. Our Medicaid segment includes plans for beneficiaries of TANF, SSI, ABD and state-based programs that are not part of Medicaid programs, such as CHIP and FHP programs for qualifying families that are not eligible for Medicaid because they exceed the applicable income thresholds. TANF generally provides assistance to low-income families with children; ABD and SSI generally provide assistance to low-income aged, blind or disabled individuals.
The Medicaid programs and services we offer to our members vary by state and county and are designed to serve our various constituencies effectively in the communities we serve. Although our Medicaid contracts determine to a large extent the type and scope of health care services that we arrange for our members, in certain markets we customize our benefits in ways that we believe make our products more attractive. Our Medicaid plans provide our members with access to a broad spectrum of medical benefits from many facets of primary care and preventive programs to full hospitalization and tertiary care.
In general, members are required to use our network, except in cases of emergencies, transition of care or when network providers are unavailable to meet their medical needs, and generally must receive a referral from their PCP in order to receive health care from specialists, such as surgeons or neurologists. Members do not pay any premiums, deductibles or co-payments for most of our Medicaid plans.
Medicare is a federal program that provides eligible persons age 65 and over, and some disabled persons, a variety of hospital, medical and prescription drug benefits. Our MA segment consists of MA plans which, following the exit of our PFFS product on December 31, 2009, is comprised of CCPs. MA is Medicare’s managed care alternative to Original Medicare, which provides individuals standard Medicare benefits directly through CMS. CCPs are administered through health maintenance organizations HMOs and generally require members to seek health care services and select a PCP from a network of health care providers. In addition, we offer Medicare Part D coverage, which provides prescription drug benefits, as a component of our MA plans.
We cover a wide spectrum of medical services through our MA plans, including in some cases, additional benefits not covered by Original Medicare, such as vision, dental and hearing services. Through these enhanced benefits, the out-of-pocket expenses incurred by our members are reduced, which allows our members to better manage their health care costs.
Most of our MA plans require members to pay a co-payment, which varies depending on the services and level of benefits provided. Typically, members of our MA CCPs are required to use our network of providers except in cases such as emergencies, transition of care or when specialty providers are unavailable to meet a member’s medical needs. MA CCP members may see out-of-network specialists if they receive referrals from their PCPs and may pay incremental cost-sharing. In most of our markets, we also offer special needs plans to individuals who are dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid. These plans, commonly called D-SNPs, are designed to provide specialized care and support for beneficiaries who are eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid. We believe that our D-SNPs are attractive to these beneficiaries due to the enhanced be nefit offerings and clinical support programs.
Prescription Drug Plans
We offer stand-alone Medicare Part D coverage to Medicare-eligible beneficiaries through our PDP segment. The Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit is supported by risk sharing with the federal government through risk corridors designed to limit the losses and gains of the drug plans and by reinsurance for catastrophic drug costs. The government subsidy is based on the national weighted average monthly bid for this coverage, adjusted for risk factor payments. Additional subsidies are provided for dual-eligible beneficiaries and specified low-income beneficiaries. The Medicare Part D program offers national in-network prescription drug coverage that is subject to limitations in certain circumstances.
Depending on medical coverage type, a beneficiary has various options for accessing drug coverage. Beneficiaries enrolled in Original Medicare can either join a stand-alone PDP or forego Part D drug coverage. Beneficiaries enrolled in MA CCPs can join a plan with Part D coverage, select a separate Part D plan, or forego Part D coverage.
Segment Financial Performance Measures
We use three measures to assess the performance of our reportable operating segments: premium revenue, MBR and gross margin. Our MBR measures the ratio of our medical benefits expense to premiums earned, after excluding Medicaid premium taxes. Our gross margin is defined as our premium revenue less our medical benefits expense.
Our profitability depends in large part on our ability to, among other things, effectively price our health and prescription drug plans; predict and effectively manage medical benefits expense relative to the primarily fixed premiums we receive, including reserve estimates and pharmacy costs; contract with health care providers; and attract and retain members. In addition, factors such as regulation, competition and general economic conditions affect our operations and profitability. The effect of escalating health care costs, as well as any changes in our ability to negotiate competitive rates with our providers may impose further risks to our profitability and may have a material impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We receive premiums from state and federal agencies for the members that are assigned to, or have selected, us to provide health care services under Medicaid and Medicare. The primarily fixed premiums we receive for each member varies according to the specific government program. The premiums we receive under each of our government benefit plans are generally determined at the beginning of the contract period. These premiums are subject to adjustment throughout the term of the contract, although such adjustments are typically made at the commencement of each new contract period. For further information regarding premium revenues, please refer below to Premium Revenue Recognition under Critical Accounting Estimates.
Our largest expense is the cost of medical benefits that we provide, which is based primarily on our arrangements with health care providers and utilization of health care services by our members. Our arrangements with providers primarily fall into two broad categories: capitation arrangements, pursuant to which we pay the capitated providers a fixed fee per member and fee-for-service as well as risk-sharing arrangements, pursuant to which the provider assumes a portion of the risk of the cost of the health care provided. Capitation payments represented 12.0%, 11.0% and 12.0% of our total medical benefits expense for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Other components of medical benefits expense are variable and require estimation and ongoing cost management.
We use a variety of techniques to manage our medical benefits expense, including payment methods to providers, referral requirements, quality and disease management programs, reinsurance and member co-payments and premiums for some of our Medicare plans. National health care costs have been increasing at a higher rate than the general inflation rate; however, relatively small changes in our medical benefits expense relative to premiums that we receive can create significant changes in our financial results. Changes in health care laws, regulations and practices, levels of use of health care services, competitive pressures, hospital costs, major epidemics, terrorism or bio-terrorism, new medical technologies and other external factors could reduce our ability to manage our medical benefits expense effectively.
Estimation of medical benefits payable and medical benefits expense is our most significant critical accounting estimate. For further information regarding medical benefits expense, please refer below to Estimating Medical Benefits Expense and Medical Benefits Payable under Critical Accounting Estimates.
Gross Margin and Medical Benefits Ratio
Our primary tools for measuring profitability are gross margin and MBR. Changes in gross margin and MBR from period to period result from, among other things, changes in Medicaid and Medicare funding, changes in the mix of Medicaid and Medicare membership, our ability to manage medical costs and changes in accounting estimates related to IBNR claims. We use gross margin and MBRs both to monitor our management of medical benefits and medical benefits expense and to make various business decisions, including what health care plans to offer, what geographic areas to enter or exit and which health care providers to select. Although gross margin and MBRs play an important role in our business strategy, we may be willing to enter new geographical markets and/or enter into provider arrangements that might produce a less favorable gross margi n and MBR if those arrangements, such as capitation or risk sharing, would likely lower our exposure to variability in medical costs or for other reasons.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth data from our Consolidated Statements of Operations, as well as other key data used in our results of operations discussion. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future period.
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: | | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Revenues: | | (In millions, except per share data) | |
Premium | | $ | 5,430.2 | | | $ | 6,867.2 | | | $ | 6,483.1 | |
Investment and other income | | | 10.0 | | | | 10.9 | | | | 38.8 | |
Total revenues | | | 5,440.2 | | | | 6,878.1 | | | | 6,521.9 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medical benefits | | | 4,536.6 | | | | 5,862.5 | | | | 5,530.2 | |
Selling, general and administrative | | | 895.9 | | | | 805.2 | | | | 845.0 | |
Medicaid premium taxes | | | 56.4 | | | | 91.0 | | | | 88.9 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 23.9 | | | | 23.3 | | | | 21.3 | |
Interest | | | 0.2 | | | | 3.1 | | | | 11.3 | |
Goodwill impairment | | | - | | | | - | | | | 78.3 | |
Total expenses | | | 5,513.0 | | | | 6,785.1 | | | | 6,575.0 | |
(Loss) income before income taxes | | | (72.8 | ) | | | 93.0 | | | | (53.1 | ) |
Income tax (benefit) expense | | | (19.4 | ) | | | 53.1 | | | | (16.3 | ) |
Net (loss) income | | $ | (53.4 | ) | | $ | 39.9 | | | $ | (36.8 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income per common share: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | (1.26 | ) | | $ | 0.95 | | | $ | (0.89 | ) |
Diluted | | $ | (1.26 | ) | | $ | 0.95 | | | $ | (0.89 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Consolidated MBR | | | 84.4 | % | | | 86.5 | % | | | 86.5 | % |
Summary of Consolidated Financial Results
Membership
| | As of December 31, |
Membership: | | 2010 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
Medicaid | | | 1,340,000 | | | 1,349,000 | | | 1,300,000 |
MA | | | 116,000 | | | 225,000 | | | 246,000 |
PDP | | | 768,000 | | | 747,000 | | | 986,000 |
Total Membership | | | 2,224,000 | | | 2,321,000 | | | 2,532,000 |
As of December 31, 2010, we served approximately 2,224,000 members; a decrease of 97,000 members from the 2,321,000 members we served as of December 31, 2009. The overall membership decrease was due primarily to our December 31, 2009 exit from our PFFS product, which accounted for 95,000 MA members as of December 31, 2009 as well as a decline in MA CCP membership. The decrease in MA CCP resulted from the 2009 CMS Medicare marketing sanction, which was lifted in November 2009. However, we were not eligible to receive auto-assignments of low-income subsidy, dual-eligible beneficiaries into our PDP plans for January 2010 enrollment. We received auto assignments of PDP members in subsequent months, although such assignments were below the level we typically experience in t he month of January. Membership in all of our segments has sequentially increased for the last two quarters, which reflects the strengthening throughout 2010 of our MA sales processes and auto-assignments of additional PDP members and Medicaid members, primarily in Georgia. For 2011, we are targeting membership growth for both our MA and PDP segments. As of January 31, 2011, our MA membership increased by 2,000 members to 118,000 members and our PDP membership grew by approximately 150,000 members.
Overall membership declined from December 31, 2008 to December 31, 2009 by 211,000 members. The decline was primarily due to lower PDP membership resulting from the 2009 PDP bid in which we were above the benchmark in 22 of 34 regions, partially offset by an increase in Medicaid members.
Net (loss) income
For the year ended December 31, 2010, the net loss was $53.4 million compared to $39.9 million of net income for the same period in 2009. Excluding investigation-related and litigation-resolution costs of $167.6 million and $86.7 million, net of tax, net income would have been $114.2 million and $126.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The decrease in net income, as adjusted, for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the same period in the prior year was mainly the result of the loss of gross margin from the withdrawal of our PFFS product and increases in Medicare-related marketing costs, partially offset by our overall MBR improvement and reductions in SG&A expenses.
Net income increased approximately $76.7 million to $39.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 from a net loss of $36.8 million in 2008. Excluding investigation-related and litigation-resolution costs of $86.7 million and $71.3 million, net of tax, net income would have been $126.6 million and $34.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The increase in net income, as adjusted, is due primarily to SG&A expense reduction and improvements in operating efficiency.
Premium revenue
As discussed below, premium revenue includes $56.4 million, $91.0 million and $88.9 million of Medicaid premium taxes for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Additionally, our MA segment includes results from the PFFS product that we exited on December 31, 2009. Our PFFS product contributed approximately $1,133.5 million and $983.5 million of premium revenue for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. We continue to administer the PFFS program, which includes processing claims payments as well as providing member and provider services, for health care services provided prior to our exit on December 31, 2009. As a result, we recognized $3.5 million for retrospectiv e risk-adjusted premium settlements related to our PFFS product for the year ended December 31, 2010.
Excluding the impact of premium taxes as well as premium revenue from our PFFS product, premium revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010 decreased $272.4 million, or 4.8%, to $5,370.3 million from $5,642.7 million for the same period in the prior year. The decrease in premium revenue is primarily attributable to the decline in membership in our MA segment and lower membership in our PDP segment in the first half of 2010 resulting from our loss of membership due to the 2009 CMS marketing sanction and higher returned premium under the risk corridor provisions of our PDP product, partially offset by an increase in Medicaid segment premium revenue due primarily to reductions by certain states that occurred earlier in the year and membership growth.
For the year ended December 31, 2009, total premium revenue, excluding the impact of premium taxes and premium revenue from our PFFS product, increased $232.0 million, or 4.3%, to $5,642.7 million from $5,410.7 million for the same period in the prior year due to increases in premium rates in both the Medicaid and Medicare segments.
Investment and other income
For the year ended December 31, 2010, investment and other income decreased $0.9 million, or 8.3%, to $10.0 million from $10.9 million for the same period in the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to reduced market rates on lower average cash and investment balances, partially offset by the increase in other income attributed to shifting our investment portfolio during the third quarter of 2010 from tax-exempt to taxable investments, which typically generates a higher yield, and from other income derived primarily from co-payments collected on member prescriptions and sales of prescription drugs to non-members that can vary during any particular period.
For the year ended December 31, 2009, investment and other income decreased approximately $27.9 million, or 71.9%, to $10.9 million from $38.8 million for the same period in the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to reduced market rates on lower average investment and cash balances.
Medical benefits expense
As previously discussed, our MA segment includes results from the PFFS product that we exited on December 31, 2009. Medical benefits expense for our PFFS product was $984.1 million and $850.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The wind-down of PFFS lowered medical benefits expense by approximately $33.4 million as a result of the favorable development of 2009 and prior years’ medical benefits payable.
Excluding the medical benefits expense from our PFFS product, total medical benefits expense for the year ended December 31, 2010 decreased $308.4 million, or 6.3%, to $4,570.0 million from $4,878.4 million for the same period in the prior year. The decrease in medical benefits expense was primarily due to the decline in membership in our other products, as well as a decrease in MBR for Medicaid and PDP. The consolidated MBR, excluding the impact from our PFFS product, was 85.1% and 86.5% for the year ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Net favorable prior period reserve development, excluding PFFS, reduced MBR by 0.4% and 0.8% in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The decline in MBR is primarily due to improved performance of our Medicaid and PDP segments. In 2010, we benefited from utilization that was modestly below historical levels. We currently expect that MBRs for all three of our segments will increase in 2011 versus 2010. Ongoing medical expense management initiatives will be important to our competitive position given the challenging rate environment.
Excluding the medical benefits expense from our PFFS product, total medical benefits expense for the year ended December 31, 2009 increased $198.8 million, or 4.2%, to $4,878.4 million from $4,679.6 million for the same period in the prior year. Our MBR was 86.5% in both of the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008. We believe that medical benefits expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 should be adjusted to exclude $92.9 million of favorable claim reserve development recorded in 2007 that otherwise would have been recognized in the year ended December 31, 2008 if we had timely filed our 2007 Form 10-K. We were able to review substantially complete claims information that had become available due to the substantial lapse in time between December 31, 2007 and the date we filed our 2007 Form 10-K; therefore, the favorab le development was reported in 2007 instead of 2008 as it otherwise would have been. The adjusted medical benefit expense amount is a non-GAAP financial measure. Medical benefits expense for the year ended December 31, 2009, increased $425.2 million to approximately $4,878.4 million from approximately $4,586.7 million, as adjusted, for the same period in the prior year. Our MBR for the year ended December 31, 2009, was 86.5% compared to 84.8% as adjusted for the same period in 2008. The increase in medical benefits expense and MBR was primarily due to the change in the demographic mix of our members and overall increased utilization patterns.
Selling, general and administrative expense
SG&A expense includes aggregate costs related to the resolution of the previously disclosed governmental and Company investigations and litigation, such as: settlement accruals and related fair value accretion, legal fees and other similar costs; net of $25.8 million, $6.4 million and $0.3 million of D&O insurance recoveries during December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively, related to the putative class action complaints. Please refer to Part I, Item 3 – Legal Proceedings for a complete discussion of investigation-related and litig ation resolution costs. We believe it is appropriate to evaluate SG&A expense exclusive of these investigation-related and litigation resolution costs because they are not believed to be indicative of long-term business operations. A summary of these investigation-related resolution costs and a reconciliation of SG&A expense, including and excluding such costs, are presented below.
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | (In millions) | |
SG&A expense | | $ | 895.9 | | | $ | 805.2 | | | $ | 845.0 | |
Adjustments: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investigation-related and litigation resolution costs(1) | | | (258.7 | ) | | | (60.7 | ) | | | - | |
Investigation-related administrative costs, net of D&O insurance | | | | | | | | | | | | |
policy recovery | | | (7.2 | ) | | | (44.3 | ) | | | (103.0 | ) |
Net investigation-related and litigation resolution costs | | | (265.9 | ) | | | (105.0 | ) | | | (103.0 | ) |
Adjusted SG&A expense | | $ | 630.0 | | | $ | 700.2 | | | $ | 742.0 | |
____________
(1) | Reflects costs related to resolving government investigations and related litigation, including the DPA with the USAO, inquiries by the SEC, inquiries by the Civil Division and the putative class action complaints. Such costs include: $80.0 million paid to the USAO in conjunction with the DPA in May 2009; $10.0 million paid to the SEC in 2009 and 2010; $135.6 million accrued in conjunction with inquiries by the Civil Division, including $76.5 million in 2009 and $59.1 million in 2010 after reaching a preliminary agreement with the Civil Division in June 2010; and $196.9 million accrued in June 2010 in conjunction with reaching a settlement agreement to resolve the putative securities class action complaints, including $194.0 million during the second quarter. |
Excluding the investigation-related and litigation resolution costs, our SG&A expense for the year ended December 31, 2010, decreased approximately $70.2 million, or 10.0%, to $630.0 million from $700.2 million for the same period in the prior year. The reduction in SG&A expense was mainly due to the exit of our PFFS product and operating efficiency, offset in part by increased costs for MA CCP marketing and infrastructure investments and severance costs associated with our organizational realignment implemented during 2010.
Our SG&A expense as a percentage of total revenue, excluding premium taxes (“SG&A ratio”), was 16.6% for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to 11.9% for the same period in the prior year. After excluding the investigation-related and litigation resolution costs, our SG&A ratio for the year ended December 31, 2010 was 11.7% compared to 10.3% for the same period in the prior year. The increase in 2010 SG&A ratio was mainly due to a lower revenue base in 2010 resulting from the exit from our PFFS product and lower MA CCP marketing costs in 2009 due to the CMS marketing sanction. We anticipate that our 2011 adjusted SG&A ratio will be in the high 10% range. We believe this represents solid progress toward our long-term goal of an adjusted SG&A ratio in the low 10% range, based on our current business mix. Business simpl ification projects, process management in our shared services functions, and continued evaluation of our organizational design will drive further improvement in our administrative cost structure.
Excluding the investigation-related and litigation resolution costs, our SG&A expense for the year ended December 31, 2009, decreased approximately $41.8 million, or 5.6%, to $700.2 million from $742.0 million for the same period in 2008. The reduction in SG&A expense was primarily driven by lower sales and marketing costs caused by the CMS sanction and reduced Florida Medicaid sales costs. The lower SG&A expense was partially offset by investments to improve operating efficiency and effectiveness and to remediate issues in conjunction with the 2009 CMS marketing sanction. Our SG&A ratio was 11.9% and 13.1% for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. After excluding the investigation-related and litigation resolution costs, our SG&A ratio for the year ended December 31, 2009 was 1 0.3% compared to 11.5% for the same period in 2008.
Medicaid premium taxes
Certain state agencies place an assessment or tax on Medicaid premiums, which is included in the premium rates established in the Medicaid contracts with each state agency and recorded as a component of revenue, as well as administrative expense, when incurred. We exclude Medicaid premium taxes from premium revenue when calculating our key ratios as we believe the premium tax is not indicative of our operating performance.
In October 2009, the State of Georgia stopped assessing taxes on Medicaid premiums remitted to us, which resulted in an equal reduction to premium revenues and expenses. However, effective July 1, 2010, the State of Georgia began assessing premium taxes again on Medicaid premiums. Therefore, during the last half of 2010, we were assessed and remitted taxes on premiums in Georgia. We were assessed and remitted taxes on premiums in Hawaii, Missouri, New York and Ohio throughout 2010. Medicaid premium taxes for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 were $56.4 million, $91.0 million and $88.9 million, respectively.
Income tax (benefit) expense
Income tax benefit on pre-tax loss for the year ended December 31, 2010 was $19.4 million compared to income tax expense of $53.1 million on pre-tax income for the same period in the prior year, with an effective tax rate of 26.7% and 57.1% for the year ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Our effective income tax rate in both years differed from the statutory tax rate primarily due to limitations on the deductibility of certain administrative expenses associated with the resolution of investigation-related matters as well as certain executive compensation costs.
For the year ended December 31, 2009, income tax expense was $53.1 million on pre-tax income compared to $16.3 million of income tax benefit on pre-tax loss for the same period in 2008. The tax effective rate was approximately 57.1% and 30.7% in the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to non-deductible amounts accrued in 2009 related to certain government investigation related matters and the tax benefit of the goodwill impairment incurred in 2008.
Reconciling Segment Results
The following table reconciles our reportable segment results with our (loss) income before income taxes, as reported under GAAP.
| | For the year ended December 31, |
Reconciling Segment Results Data: | | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 |
Gross margin: | | (Dollars in millions) |
Medicaid | | $ | 461.5 | | | $ | 446.1 | | | $ | 453.6 |
Medicare Advantage | | | 282.0 | | | | 476.1 | | | | 377.8 |
PDP | | | 150.1 | | | | 82.6 | | | | 121.4 |
Total gross margin | | | 893.6 | | | | 1,004.8 | | | | 952.8 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment and other income | | | 10.0 | | | | 10.9 | | | | 38.8 |
Other expenses | | | 976.4 | | | | 922.7 | | | | 1,044.7 |
(Loss) income before income taxes | | $ | (72.8) | | | $ | 93.0 | | | $ | (53.1) |
Medicaid Segment Results
| For the year ended December 31, |
| 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 |
Medicaid Segment Results Data: | (Dollars in millions) |
Premium revenue | $ | 3,252.4 | | | $ | 3,165.7 | | | $ | 2,902.1 |
Medicaid premium taxes | | 56.4 | | | | 91.0 | | | | 88.9 |
Total premiums | | 3,308.8 | | | | 3,256.7 | | | | 2,991.0 |
Medical benefits expense | | 2,847.3 | | | | 2,810.6 | | | | 2,537.4 |
Gross margin | | 461.5 | | | | 446.1 | | | | 453.6 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Medicaid Membership: | | | | | | | | | | |
Georgia | | 566,000 | | | | 546,000 | | | | 483,000 |
Florida | | 415,000 | | | | 425,000 | | | | 473,000 |
Other states | | 359,000 | | | | 378,000 | | | | 344,000 |
| | 1,340,000 | | | | 1,349,000 | | | | 1,300,000 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Medicaid MBR: | | 87.5% | | | | 88.8% | | | | 87.4% |
Excluding Medicaid premium taxes, Medicaid premium revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010 increased $86.7 million to $3,252.4 million from $3,165.7 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in premium revenue was mainly due to rate increases implemented in most markets during the year and membership growth in Georgia, partially offset by the decrease in membership primarily in Florida. Membership decreased overall by approximately 9,000 members to 1,340,000 as of December 31, 2010, from 1,349,000 as of December 31, 2009.
Medicaid medical benefits expense for the year ended December 31, 2010 increased $36.7 million to $2,847.3 million from $2,810.6 million from the same period in the prior year due mainly to the impact of prior period favorable reserve development experienced in 2009, increase in membership and a change in the demographic mix of our members. The decrease in Medicaid MBR for the year ended December 31, 2010 is mainly from premium increases during the past year and the impact of medical cost initiatives that we have implemented, partially offset by the impact of the net favorable prior year reserve development recognized in 2009 that exceeds the impact of the net favorable prior year reserve development recognized in 2010. We currently expect that the Medicaid MBR will increase in 2011 versus 2010, driven largely by rate increa ses that are below medical cost trends.
Excluding Medicaid premium taxes, Medicaid premium revenue for the year ended December 31, 2009 increased $263.6 million to $3,165.7 million from $2,902.1 million for the same period in 2008. The increase in Medicaid segment revenue is primarily due to the inclusion of operations for the Hawaii ABD program, which was not present for the same period in 2008. This increase was partially offset by the impact of our withdrawal from certain Florida counties and our withdrawal from the Ohio ABD program, with the remaining change due to a change in the demographic mix of our members. Our Medicaid segment grew from 1,300,000 members at December 31, 2008 to 1,349,000 at December 31, 2009.
For the year ended December 31, 2009, Medicaid medical benefits expense increased $273.2 million, or 10.8%, to $2,810.6 million from $2,537.4 million for the same period in 2008. Our Medicaid MBR was 88.8% for the year ended December 31, 2009 and 87.4% for the same period in 2008. We believe that medical benefits expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 should be adjusted to exclude $39.5 million of favorable claim reserve development recorded in 2007 that otherwise would have been recognized the in year ended December 31, 2008 if we had timely filed our 2007 Form 10-K. We were able to review substantially complete claims information that had become available due to the substantial lapse in time between December 31, 2007 and the date we filed our 2007 Form 10-K; therefore, the favorable development was reported in 2007 instead of 2008 as it otherwise would ha ve been. The adjusted medical benefit expense amount is a non-GAAP financial measure. Medicaid medical benefits expense for the year ended December 31, 2009, increased $312.7 million to approximately $2,810.6 million from approximately $2,497.9 million, as adjusted, for the same period in 2008. Our MBR for the year ended December 31, 2009, was 88.8% compared to 86.1% as adjusted for the same period in 2008. The change in the demographic mix of our members and overall increased utilization patterns and costs of our members accounted for the increase in MBR.
Medicare Advantage Segment Results
| For the year ended December 31, |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 |
MA Segment Results Data: | (Dollars in millions) |
Premium revenue | | $ | 1,336.1 | | | $ | 2,775.5 | | | $ | 2,436.2 |
Medical benefits expense | | | 1,054.1 | | | | 2,299.4 | | | | 2,058.4 |
Gross margin | | | 282.0 | | | | 476.1 | | | | 377.8 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
MA Membership | | | 116,000 | | | | 225,000 | | | | 246,000 |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
MA MBR | | | 78.9% | | | | 82.8% | | | | 84.5% |
As previously discussed, our MA segment includes results from the PFFS product that we exited on December 31, 2009. Our PFFS product contributed approximately $1,133.5 million and $983.5 million of premium revenue for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Medical benefits expense for our PFFS product was $984.1 million and $850.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. We continue to administer the PFFS program, which includes processing claims payments as well as providing member and provider services, for health care services provided prior to our exit on December 31, 2009. As a result, we recognized $3.5 million for retrospective risk-adjusted premium settlements related to our PFFS product for the year ended December 31, 2010. The wind-down of PFFS also lowered medical benefits expense by approximately $33.4 million as a result of the fa vorable development of 2009 and prior years’ medical benefits payable.
Excluding premium revenue from our PFFS product, MA premium revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010 decreased $309.3 million to $1,332.6 million from $1,641.9 million for the same period in the prior year. Membership decreased by approximately 109,000 members to 116,000 as of December 31, 2010, from 225,000 as of December 31, 2009. The decrease in MA premium revenue and membership was primarily attributable due to our inability to enroll new MA CCP members during the 2009 CMS marketing sanction period. Correspondingly, MA gross margin, excluding the impact from our PFFS product in 2009, decreased by $81.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, to $245.1 million from $326.6 million compared to the same period in the prior year due to the decrease in premiums, partially offset by $33.1 million of prior period favor able reserve development in 2010 related to the PFFS product. The decrease in the 2010 MA MBR was primarily related to the withdrawal of PFFS plans, which operated at an MBR above the segment average, and the prior period favorable reserve development related to the PFFS product. Excluding the impact from our PFFS product in 2009, the MA segment MBR increased from 80.1% for the year ended December 31, 2009 to 81.6% for the year ended December 31, 2010. The overall increase in MBR was attributed to a change in the demographic mix of our members and increased utilization patterns.
Excluding premium revenue from our PFFS product in 2009 and 2008, MA segment premium revenue for the year ended December 31, 2009, increased $189.2 million to $1,641.9 million from $1,452.7 million for the same period in 2008. Our MA MBR, excluding the impact from our PFFS product in 2009 and 2008 was 80.1% for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to 83.1% for the same period in 2008. We believe that MA medical benefits expense for the year ended December 31, 2008 should be adjusted to exclude $53.4 million of favorable claim reserve development recorded in 2007 that otherwise would have been recognized in year ended December 31, 2008 if we had timely filed our 2007 Form 10-K. We were able to review substantially complete claims information that had become available due to the substantial lapse in time between December 31, 2 007 and the date we filed our 2007 Form 10-K; therefore, the favorable development was reported in 2007 instead of 2008 as it otherwise would have been. The adjusted medical benefit expense amount is a non-GAAP financial measure. Excluding medical benefits expense from our PFFS product, MA medical benefits expense for the year ended December 31, 2009, increased $160.9 million to $1,315.3 million from $1,154.4 million, as adjusted, for the same period in 2008. For the year ended December 31, 2009, the MA MBR was 80.1% compared to 79.5%, as adjusted, for the same period in the prior year. The overall increase was driven primarily by the demographic mix of our members.
Prescription Drug Plans Segment Results
| For the year ended December 31, |
| 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 |
PDP Segment Results Data: | (Dollars in millions) |
Premium revenue | $ | 785.4 | | | $ | 835.1 | | | $ | 1,055.8 |
Medical benefits expense | | 635.3 | | | | 752.5 | | | | 934.4 |
Gross margin | | 150.1 | | | | 82.6 | | | | 121.4 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
PDP Membership | | 768,000 | | | | 747,000 | | | | 986,000 |
| | | | | | | | | | |
PDP MBR | | 80.9% | | | | 90.1% | | | | 88.5% |
PDP premium revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010 decreased $49.7 million to $785.4 million from $835.1 million for the same period in the prior year. The lower premium revenue in 2010 is the result of lower membership in the first half of the year and a higher returned premium under the risk corridor provisions of the PDP product. The higher risk corridor returned premium is due to the lower claim expense in 2010.
Membership increased by approximately 21,000 members to 768,000 as of December 31, 2010 from 747,000 as of December 31, 2009, despite lower membership throughout the first half of the year. PDP membership at the beginning of 2010 was lower than the end of 2009 as we were unable to receive auto-assigned membership in January 2010 following the release of the 2009 CMS marketing sanction. Membership gradually increased throughout the year as we became eligible to receive auto assignments and additional marketing activities.
PDP MBR improved for the year ended December 31, 2010 due to improved performance of the product as a result of our revised product benefit design and increased generic drug dispensing through the benefit design. PDP gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2010 increased $67.5 million to $150.1 million from $82.6 million for the same period in the prior year. The improvement in gross margin was due mainly to better overall performance of the Part D product and improved MBR despite the decrease in premiums. Given our low MBR in 2010, we will likely experience an increase in our PDP MBR in 2011. This membership growth will result in our PDP segment making up a larger part of our business in 2011 versus 2010. Consequently, the seasonal medical benefits expense pattern of the PDP product will have a more pronounced effect on the aggregate operating results. During 2011, we also anticipate continued membership growth as a result of auto assignment of low income subsidy members. In addition, we believe our plans are well positioned relative to member utilization patterns, cost-sharing and focus on generic medications, for what is a very value and cost-conscious population. Therefore, we anticipate additional voluntary enrollment as well.
For the year ended December 31, 2009, PDP segment premium revenue decreased $220.7 million to $835.1 million from $1,055.8 million for the same period in 2008. The decrease in PDP segment revenue is primarily due to a loss in PDP membership of approximately 239,000 members as we bid above the benchmark in 22 of 34 regions. PDP medical benefits expense decreased $181.9 million to $752.5 million from $934.4 million for the same period in the prior year. Our PDP MBR was 90.1% for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to 88.5% for the same period in the prior year. The increase in MBR was driven by utilization patterns and the structure of our benefit design.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Each of our existing and anticipated sources of cash is impacted by operational and financial risks that influence the overall amount of cash generated and the capital available to us. For a further discussion of risks that can affect our liquidity, see Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors.
Cash Generating Activities |
Our business consists of operations conducted by our regulated subsidiaries, including HMOs and insurance subsidiaries, and our non-regulated subsidiaries. The primary sources of cash for our regulated subsidiaries include premium revenue, investment income and capital contributions made by us to our regulated subsidiaries. Our regulated subsidiaries are each subject to applicable state regulations that, among other things, require the maintenance of minimum levels of capital and surplus. Our regulated subsidiaries’ primary uses of cash include payment of medical expenses, management fees to our non-regulated third-party administrator subsidiary (the “TPA”) and direct administrative costs, which are not covered by the agreement with the TPA, such as selling expenses and legal costs. 160; We refer collectively to the cash and investment balances maintained by our regulated subsidiaries as “regulated cash” and “regulated investments,” respectively.
The primary sources of cash for our non-regulated subsidiaries are management fees and dividends received from our regulated subsidiaries and investment income. Our non-regulated subsidiaries’ primary uses of cash include payment of administrative costs not charged to our regulated subsidiaries for corporate functions, including administrative services related to claims payment, member and provider services and information technology. Other primary uses include capital contributions made by our non-regulated subsidiaries to our regulated subsidiaries. We refer collectively to the cash and investment balances available in our non-regulated subsidiaries as “unregulated cash” and “unregulated investments,” respectively.
We currently believe that we will be able to meet our known monetary obligations, including the terms of the settlement agreements reached to resolve the government investigation and related litigation, and maintain sufficient liquidity to operate our business. However, one or more of our regulators could require one or more of our subsidiaries to maintain minimum levels of statutory net worth in excess of the amount required under the applicable state laws if the regulators were to determine that such a requirement were in the interest of our members. Further, there may be other potential adverse developments that could impede our ability to meet our obligations. The table below presents our cash and investment positions as of December 31, 2010 and 2009.
| As of December 31, |
| 2010 | | | 2009 |
Cash and cash equivalents: | (Dollars in millions) |
Regulated | $ | 1,168.9 | | | $ | 1,040.5 |
Unregulated | | 190.6 | | | | 117.6 |
| $ | 1,359.5 | | | $ | 1,158.1 |
| | | | | | |
Investments: | | | | | | |
Regulated | | | | | | |
Auction rate securities | $ | 40.2 | | | $ | 49.4 |
Other | | 129.1 | | | | 62.2 |
| $ | 169.3 | | | $ | 111.6 |
| | | | | | |
Unregulated | | | | | | |
Auction rate securities | $ | 2.3 | | | $ | 2.3 |
Other | | 0.1 | | | | 0.5 |
| | 2.4 | | | | 2.8 |
| $ | 171.7 | | | $ | 114.4 |
| | | | | | |
Metrics: | | | | | | |
Percentage of investments in certificates of deposit | | 44.4% | | | | 93.9% |
Weighted-average maturity of certificates of deposit | 68 Days | | | 40 Days |
Annual tax equivalent portfolio yield | | 0.5% | | | | 0.6% |
During 2010, we received $45.7 million in dividends from our regulated subsidiaries, which increased our unregulated cash. During 2009, three of our regulated subsidiaries declared and paid dividends to one of our non-regulated subsidiaries in the aggregate amount of $44.4 million. On December 31, 2008, three of our regulated subsidiaries, declared dividends to one of our non-regulated subsidiaries in the aggregate amount of $105.1 million, of which two dividends were paid in December 2008 and one dividend which was paid in January 2009.
Initiatives to Increase Our Unregulated Cash |
We are pursuing alternatives to raise additional unregulated cash. Some of these initiatives include, but are not limited to, consideration of obtaining dividends from certain of our regulated subsidiaries to the extent that we are able to access any available excess capital and/or accessing the debt and equity capital markets. However, we cannot provide any assurances that we will obtain applicable state regulatory approvals for additional dividends to our non-regulated subsidiaries by our regulated subsidiaries or be successful in accessing the capital markets if we determine to do so.
Credit Facility
We entered into a credit agreement on May 12, 2010, which was subsequently amended on May 25, 2010 (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a $65.0 million committed revolving credit facility that expires on November 12, 2011. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement may be used for general corporate purposes.
The Credit Agreement is guaranteed by us and our subsidiaries, other than our HMO and insurance subsidiaries. In addition, the Credit Agreement is secured by first priority liens on our personal property and the personal property of our subsidiaries, other than the personal property and equity interests of our HMO and insurance subsidiaries.
Borrowings designated by us as Alternate Base Rate borrowings bear interest at a rate per annum equal to (i) the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) in effect on such day; (b) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) in effect on such day plus 1/2 of 1%; and (c) the Adjusted LIBO Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for a one month interest period on such day plus 1%; plus (ii) 1.5%. Borrowings designated by us as Eurodollar borrowings bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted LIBO Rate for the interest period in effect for such borrowing plus 2.5%.
The Credit Agreement includes negative covenants that limit certain of our activities, including restrictions on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, and financial covenants that require a minimum ratio of cash flow to total debt, a maximum ratio of total liabilities to consolidated net worth and a minimum level of statutory net worth for our HMO and insurance subsidiaries.
The Credit Agreement also contains customary representations and warranties that must be accurate in order for us to borrow under the Credit Agreement. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains customary events of default. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, we may be required to immediately repay all amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, and the commitments under the Credit Agreement may be terminated.
As of December 31, 2010, the credit facility has not been drawn upon and we remain in compliance with all covenants.
As of December 31, 2010, all of our long-term investments were comprised of municipal note investments with an auction reset feature (“auction rate securities”). These notes are issued by various state and local municipal entities for the purpose of financing student loans, public projects and other activities, which carry investment grade credit ratings. Liquidity for these auction rate securities is typically provided by an auction process which allows holders to sell their notes and resets the applicable interest rate at pre-determined intervals, usually every seven, 14, 28 or 35 days. As of the date of this Form 10-K, auctions have failed for $46.2 million of our auction rate securities and there is no assurance that auctions on the remaining auction rate securities in our investment portfolio will succeed in the futur e. An auction failure means that the parties wishing to sell their securities could not be matched with an adequate volume of buyers. In the event that there is a failed auction the indenture governing the security requires the issuer to pay interest at a contractually defined rate that is generally above market rates for other types of similar instruments. The securities for which auctions have failed will continue to accrue interest at the contractual rate and be auctioned every seven, 14, 28 or 35 days until the auction succeeds, the issuer calls the securities, or they mature. As a result, our ability to liquidate and fully recover the carrying value of our remaining auction rate securities in the near term may be limited or non-existent. In addition, while all of our auction rate securities currently carry investment grade ratings, if the issuers are unable to successfully close future auctions and their credit ratings deteriorate, we may in the future be required to record an impairment charge on these investments.
Although auctions continue to fail, we believe we will be able to liquidate these securities without significant loss, and we currently believe these securities are not impaired, primarily due to government guarantees or municipal bond insurance and our ability and present intent to hold these securities until maturity or market stability is restored; however, it could take until the final maturity of the underlying securities to realize our investments’ recorded value. The final maturity of the underlying securities could be as long as 29 years. The weighted-average life of the underlying securities for our auction rate securities portfolio is 23 years. During 2010, auction rate securities of $10.9 million, in the aggregate, were called at par, at the option of the issuer.
Investigation-Related Costs
We have expended significant financial resources in connection with the investigations and related matters. Since the inception of these investigations through December 31, 2010, we have incurred a total of approximately $202.1 million for administrative expenses associated with, or consequential to, these governmental and Company investigations specifically for legal fees, accounting fees, consulting fees, employee recruitment and retention costs and other similar expenses, prior to any insurance recoveries.
In August 2010, we entered into an agreement and release with the carriers of our D&O liability insurance relating to coverage we sought for claims relating to the previously disclosed government investigations and related litigation. We agreed to accept immediate payment of $32.5 million, including $6.7 million received by us in prior years, in satisfaction of the $45.0 million face amount of the relevant D&O insurance policies and the carriers agreed to waive any rights they may have to challenge our coverage under the policies. The agreement and release did not include a $10.0 million face amount policy we maintain for non-indemnifiable securities claims by directors and officers during the same time period and such policy is not affected by the agreement and release. Accordingly, we recorded the $25.8 million of insurance proceeds as a reduction to SG&A expenses at the time the agreement was executed. No additional recoveries with respect to such matters are expected under our insurance policies and all expenses incurred by us in the future for these matters will not be further reimbursed by our insurance policies. We currently maintain directors and officers liability insurance in the amount of $175.0 million for other matters not addressed above.
Regulatory Capital and Dividend Restrictions
Our operations are conducted primarily through HMO and insurance subsidiaries. These subsidiaries are licensed by the insurance department in the state in which they operate, except our New York HMO subsidiary, which is licensed as a Prepaid Health Services Plan by the New York State Department of Health, and are subject to the rules, regulation and oversight of the applicable state agencies in the areas of licensing and solvency. State insurance laws and regulations prescribe accounting practices for determining statutory net income and capital and surplus. Each of our regulated subsidiaries is required to report regularly on its operational and financial performance to the appropriate regulatory agency in the state in which it is licensed. These reports describe each of our regulated subsidiaries’ capi tal structure, ownership, financial condition, certain intercompany transactions and business operations. From time to time, any of our regulated subsidiaries may be selected to undergo periodic audits, examinations or reviews by the applicable state agency of our operational and financial assertions.
Our regulated subsidiaries generally must obtain approval from, or provide notice to, the state in which it is domiciled before entering into certain transactions such as declaring dividends in excess of certain thresholds, entering into other arrangements with related parties, and acquisitions or similar transactions involving an HMO or insurance company, or any change in control. For purposes of these laws, in general, control commonly is presumed to exist when a person, group of persons or entity, directly or indirectly, owns, controls or holds the power to vote 10% or more of the voting securities of another entity.
Each of our HMO and insurance subsidiaries must maintain a minimum amount of statutory capital determined by statute or regulation. The minimum statutory capital requirements differ by state and are generally based on a percentage of annualized premium revenue, a percentage of annualized health care costs, a percentage of certain liabilities, statutory minimum, RBC requirements or other financial ratios. The RBC requirements are based on guidelines established by the NAIC, and have been adopted by most states. As of December 31, 2010, our HMO operations in Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Missouri, New Jersey, Ohio and Texas as well as three of our insurance company subsidiaries were subject to RBC requirements. The RBC requirements may be modified as each state legislat ure deems appropriate for that state. The RBC formula, based on asset risk, underwriting risk, credit risk, business risk and other factors, generates the ACL, which represents the amount of capital required to support the regulated entity’s business. For states in which the RBC requirements have been adopted, the regulated entity typically must maintain a minimum of the greater of 200% the required ACL or the minimum statutory net worth requirement calculated pursuant to pre-RBC guidelines. Our subsidiaries operating in Texas, Georgia and Ohio are required to maintain statutory capital at RBC levels equal to 225%, 250% and 300%, respectively, of the applicable ACL. Failure to maintain these requirements would trigger regulatory action by the state. At December 31, 2010, our HMO and insurance subsidiaries were in compliance with these minimum capital requirements. The combined statutory capital and surplus of our HMO and insurance subsidiaries was approximately $695.0 million and $619.0 million at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, compared to the required surplus of approximately $300.0 million and $370.0 million at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
The statutory framework for our regulated subsidiaries’ minimum capital changes over time. For instance, RBC requirements may be adopted by more of the states in which we operate. These subsidiaries are also subject to their state regulators’ overall oversight powers. For example, the state of New York adopted regulations that increased the reserve requirement by 150% over an eight-year period that will be fully implemented by 2013. In addition, regulators could require our subsidiaries to maintain minimum levels of statutory net worth in excess of the amount required under the applicable state laws if the regulators determine that maintaining such additional statutory net worth is in the best interest of our members and other constituents. Moreover, if we expa nd our plan offerings in new states or pursue new business opportunities, we may be required to make additional statutory capital contributions.
In addition to the foregoing requirements, our regulated subsidiaries are subject to restrictions on their ability to make dividend payments, loans and other transfers of cash. Dividend restrictions vary by state, but the maximum amount of dividends which can be paid without prior approval from the applicable state is subject to, among other things, restrictions relating to statutory capital, surplus and net income for the previous year. States may disapprove any dividend that, together with other dividends paid by a subsidiary in the prior twelve months, exceeds the regulatory maximum as computed for the subsidiary based on its statutory surplus and net income.
Also, we may only invest in the types of investments allowed by the state in order to qualify as admitted assets and we are required by certain states to deposit or pledge assets that are considered as restricted assets. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, all of our restricted assets consisted of cash and cash equivalents, money market accounts, certificates of deposits, and U.S. Government Securities.
Overview of Cash Flow Activities
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 our cash flows from operations are summarized as follows:
| | For the Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | (In millions) |
Net cash provided by operations | | $ | 223.1 | | | $ | 57.9 | | | $ | 296.4 | |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | | | (60.5 | ) | | | 63.6 | | | | (91.1 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | 38.9 | | | | (145.4 | ) | | | (31.8 | ) |
Net cash provided by operations
The net cash inflow from operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was primarily due to changes in the receivables and liabilities due to timing of cash receipts and payments. Cash flow in 2009 was negatively impacted by payments related to settlements reached with the USAO and SEC.
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |
In 2010, investing activities consisted primarily of net purchases of investments totaling approximately $56.0 million as well as $27.5 million of additions to property, equipment and capitalized software, partially offset by net proceeds from the maturity of restricted investments totaling approximately $23.0 million.
In 2009, investing activities consisted primarily of net proceeds from the maturity of restricted investments totaling approximately $68.4 million and the net proceeds from the sale and maturities of investments totaling approximately $11.4 million, partially offset by increases in property, equipment and capitalized software totaling approximately $16.1 million.
In 2008, investing activities consisted primarily of $124.8 million in proceeds from the sale and maturity of investments, net of investment purchases. An additional $109.8 million was used in investing activities to purchase restricted investments, net of proceeds received from the sale of restricted investments. Additions to property, equipment and capitalized software used approximately $19.6 million. Investing activities also consisted primarily of net cash used in Funds receivable for the benefit of members totaling $86.5 million. These funds, which represent PDP member subsidies and pass-through payments from government partners, are not accounted for in our results of operations since they represent pass-through payments from our government partners to fund deductibles, co-payments and other member benefits for certain of our members.
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
In 2010, financing activities consisted primarily of funds held for the benefit of members, which increased approximately $44.7 million. These PDP member subsidies represent pass-through payments from government partners and are not accounted for in our results of operations since they represent payments to fund deductibles, co-payments and other member benefits for certain of our members that normally fluctuate.
In 2009, financing activities consisted primarily of the repayment in full of the outstanding amount of $152.8 million under the credit facility on its due date.
In 2008, financing activities consisted primarily of net cash used in funds held for the benefit of members totaling $31.8 million. These funds, which represent PDP member subsidies and pass-through payments from government partners, are not accounted for in our results of operations since they represent pass-through payments from our government partners to fund deductibles, co-payments and other member benefits for certain of our members.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
At December 31, 2010, we did not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements except for operating leases as described in the table below.
Commitments and Contingencies
The following table sets forth information regarding our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2010.
| | Payments due to period |
| | | | | Less Than | | | | 1 - 3 | | | | 3 - 5 | | | More than |
| | Total | | | 1 Year | | | Years | | | Years | | | 5 Years |
| | (In millions) |
Operating leases | | $ | 66.3 | | | $ | 15.2 | | | $ | 26.7 | | | $ | 18.3 | | | $ | 6.1 |
Capital leases | | | 8.1 | | | | 2.5 | | | | 3.9 | | | | 1.7 | | | | - |
Purchase obligations(1) | | | 115.2 | | | | 54.1 | | | | 57.7 | | | | 3.4 | | | | - |
Unrecognized tax benefit | | | 3.4 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 3.4 |
Civil Division settlement(2) | | | 137.5 | | | | 34.4 | | | | 68.7 | | | | 34.4 | | | | - |
Attorneys' fees for qui tam relators(3) | | | 5.0 | | | | 5.0 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - |
Class Action settlement(4) | | | 200.0 | | | | 87.5 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 112.5 |
Total | | $ | 535.5 | | | $ | 198.7 | | | $ | 157.0 | | | $ | 57.8 | | | $ | 122.0 |
____________
(1) | Our purchase obligations include commitments under contracts for equipment leases, software maintenance and the purchase of pharmaceuticals from our pharmacy benefit manager. |
(2) | Based on the terms of the Preliminary Settlement reached with the Civil Division in June 2010 to settle pending civil inquiries related to qui tam complaints filed by relators against us. The Preliminary Settlement is subject to completion and approval of an executed written settlement agreement and other government approvals, as discussed in Part I, Item 3 – Legal Proceedings. |
(3) | During the fourth quarter of 2010, we recorded an estimate related to the qui tam relators attorneys’ fees to be paid in addition to the Preliminary Settlement amount. |
(4) | Based on the terms of an agreement reached with the Lead Plaintiffs in December 2010 to resolve the Class Action Complaints that is subject to approval by the Federal Court, as discussed in Part I, Item 3 – Legal Proceedings. |
We are not an obligor under or guarantor of any indebtedness of any other party; however, we may have to pay referral claims of health care providers under contract with us who are not able to pay costs of medical services provided by other providers.
Critical Accounting Estimates
In the ordinary course of business, we make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of our results of operations and financial condition in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions. We believe that the accounting estimates relating to premium revenue recognition, medical benefits payable and medical benefits expense, and goodwill and intangible assets are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require management’s most difficult, subjective and complex judgments, o ften as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.
Premium Revenue Recognition
We receive premiums from state and federal agencies for the members that are assigned to, or have selected, us to provide health care services under Medicaid and Medicare. The premiums we receive for each member vary according to the specific government program and are generally determined at the beginning of the contract period. These premiums are subject to adjustment throughout the term of the contract by CMS and the states, although such adjustments are typically made at the commencement of each new contract renewal period.
We recognize premium revenues in the period in which we are obligated to provide services to our members. Premiums are billed monthly for coverage in the following month and we are paid generally in the month in which we provide services. We estimate, on an ongoing basis, the amount of member billings that may not be fully collectible or that will be returned based on historical trends, compliance with requirements for certain contracts to expend a minimum percentage of premiums on eligible medical expense, and other factors. An allowance is established for the estimated amount that may not be collectible and a liability is established for premium expected to be returned. Historically, the allowance has not been significant relative to premium revenue.
Premium payments that we receive are based upon eligibility lists produced by the government. We verify these lists to determine whether we have been paid for the correct premium category and program. From time to time, the states or CMS requires us to reimburse them for premiums that we received based on an eligibility list that a state, CMS or we later discover contains individuals who were not eligible for any government-sponsored program or belong to a different plan other than ours. The verification and subsequent membership changes may result in additional amounts due to us or we may owe premiums back to the government. The amounts receivable or payable identified by us through reconciliation and verification of agency eligibility lists relate to current and prior periods. The amounts receivable from government agencies for reco nciling items were $0.3 million and $64.3 million at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The amounts due to government agencies for reconciling items were $63.3 million and $105.1 million at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. We record adjustments to revenues based on member retroactivity. These adjustments reflect changes in the number and eligibility status of enrollees subsequent to when revenue was billed. We estimate the amount of outstanding retroactivity adjustments each period and adjust premium revenue accordingly; if appropriate, the estimates of retroactivity adjustments are based on historical trends, premiums billed, the volume of member and contract renewal activity and other information. Changes in member retroactivity adjustment estimates had a minimal impact on premiums recorded during the periods presented. Our government contracts establish monthly rates per member that may be adjusted based on member demographics such as age, working status or medical history.
Medicaid
Our Medicaid segment generates revenues primarily from premiums received from the states in which we operate health plans. We receive a fixed premium PMPM pursuant to our state contracts. Our Medicaid contracts with state governments are generally multi-year contracts subject to annual renewal provisions. Annual rate changes are recorded when they become effective. We generally receive premium payments during the month in which we provide services and recognize premium revenue during the period in which we are obligated to provide such services to our members. In some instances, our base premiums are subject to risk score adjustments based on the acuity of our membership. Generally, the risk score is determined by the state analyzing encounter submissions of processed claims data to determin e the acuity of our membership relative to the entire state’s Medicaid membership. In Georgia, Illinois, Missouri, New York and Ohio, we are eligible to receive supplemental payments for newborns and/or obstetric deliveries. Each state contract is specific as to what is required before payments are generated. Upon delivery of a newborn, each state is notified according to the contract. Revenue is recognized in the period that the delivery occurs and the related services are provided to our member. Additionally, in some states, supplemental payments are received for certain services such as high cost drugs and early childhood prevention screenings. Any amounts that have been earned and have not been received from the state by the end of the period are recorded on our balance sheet as premium receivables. Revenues are recorded based on membership and eligibility data provided by the states, which may be adjusted by th e states for any subsequent updates to this data. Historically, these eligibility adjustments have been immaterial in relation to total revenue recorded and are reflected in the period known.
Our Florida Medicaid and Healthy Kids contracts and Illinois Medicaid contract require us to expend a minimum percentage of premiums on eligible medical expense, and to the extent that we expend less than the minimum percentage of the premiums on eligible medical expense, we are required to refund all or some portion of the difference between the minimum and our actual allowable medical expense. We estimate the amounts due to the state as a return of premium each period based on the terms of our contract with the applicable state agency.
Medicare Advantage
The amount of premiums we receive for each MA member is established by contract, although the rates vary according to a combination of factors, including upper payment limits established by CMS, the member’s geographic location, age, gender, medical history or condition, or the services rendered to the member. Our MA contracts with CMS generally have terms of one year and expire at the end of each calendar year. MA premiums are due monthly and are recognized as revenue during the period in which we are obligated to provide services to members.
Prescription Drug Plans
As with our traditional MA plans, we provide written bids to CMS for our PDPs, which include the estimated costs of providing prescription drug benefits over the plan year. The payments we receive monthly from CMS and members are based on our estimated costs for providing prescription drug insurance coverage. We recognize premium revenues for providing this insurance coverage ratably over the term of our contract. Our PDP contracts with CMS generally has a term of one year. The amount of CMS payments relating to PDP coverage is subject to adjustment, positive or negative, based upon the application of risk corridors that compare our prescription drug costs in our bids to CMS to our actual prescription drug costs. Settlement of the risk corridor payment is based on a reconciliation made approximately nine months after the clo se of each calendar year.
Risk-Adjusted Premiums
CMS employs a risk-adjustment model to determine the premium amount it pays for each member. This model apportions premiums paid to all MA plans according to the health status of each beneficiary enrolled. As a result, our CMS monthly premium payments per member may change materially, either favorably or unfavorably. The CMS risk-adjustment model pays more for Medicare members with predictably higher costs. Diagnosis data from inpatient and ambulatory treatment settings are used to calculate the risk-adjusted premiums we receive. We collect claims and encounter data and submit the necessary diagnosis data to CMS within prescribed deadlines. After reviewing the respective submissions, CMS establishes the premium payments to MA plans generally at the beginning of the ca lendar year, and then adjusts premium levels on two separate occasions on a retroactive basis. The first retroactive adjustment for a given fiscal year generally occurs during the third quarter of such fiscal year. The Initial CMS Settlement represents the updating of risk scores for the current year based on the severity of claims incurred in the prior fiscal year. CMS then issues the Final CMS Settlement. We reassess the estimates of the Initial CMS Settlement and the Final CMS Settlement each reporting period and any resulting adjustments are made to MA premium revenue.
We develop our estimates for risk-adjusted premiums utilizing historical experience and predictive models as sufficient member risk score data becomes available over the course of each CMS plan year. Our models are populated with available risk score data on our members. Risk premium adjustments are based on member risk score data from the previous year. Risk score data for members who entered our plans during the current plan year, however, is not available for use in our models; therefore, we make assumptions regarding the risk scores of this subset of our member population. All such estimated amounts are periodically updated as additional diagnosis code information is reported to CMS and adjusted to actual amounts when the ultimate adjustment settlements are either received f rom CMS or we receive notification from CMS of such settlement amounts.
As a result of the variability of factors that determine such estimates, including plan risk scores, the actual amount of CMS retroactive payment could be materially more or less than our estimates. Consequently, our estimate of our plans’ risk scores for any period, and any resulting change in our accrual of MA premium revenues related thereto, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Historically, we have not experienced significant differences between the amounts that we have recorded and the revenues that we ultimately receive. The data provided to CMS to determine the risk score is subject to audit by CMS even after the annual settlements occur. These audits may result in the refund of pr emiums to CMS previously received by us. While our experience to date has not resulted in a material refund, this refund could be significant in the future, which would reduce our premium revenue in the year that CMS determines repayment is required.
CMS has performed and continues to perform RADV audits of selected MA plans to validate the provider coding practices under the risk adjustment model used to calculate the premium paid for each MA member. Our Florida MA plan was selected by CMS for audit for the 2007 contract year and we anticipate that CMS will conduct additional audits of other plans and contract years on an ongoing basis. The CMS audit process selects a sample of 201 enrollees for medical record review from each contract selected. We have responded to CMS’s audit requests by retrieving and submitting all available medical records and provider attestations to substantiate CMS-sampled diagnosis codes. CMS will use this documentation to calculate a payment error rate for our Florida MA plan 2007 premiums. CMS has not indicated a schedule for processing or otherwise responding to our submissions.
CMS has indicated that payment adjustments resulting from its RADV audits will not be limited to risk scores for the specific beneficiaries for which errors are found, but will be extrapolated to the relevant plan population. In late December 2010, CMS issued a draft audit sampling and payment error calculation methodology that it proposes to use in conducting these audits. CMS invited public comment on the proposed audit methodology and announced in early February 2011 that it will revise its proposed approach based on the comments received. CMS has not given a specific timetable for issuing a final version of the audit sampling and payment err or calculation methodology. Given that the RADV audit methodology is new and is subject to modification, there is substantial uncertainty as to how it will be applied to MA organizations like our Florida MA plan. At this time, we do not know whether CMS will require retroactive or subsequent payment adjustments to be made using an audit methodology that may not compare the coding of our providers to the coding of Original Medicare and other MA plan providers, or whether any of our other plans will be randomly selected or targeted for a similar audit by CMS. We are also unable to determine whether any conclusions that CMS may make, based on the audit of our plan and others, will cause us to change our revenue estimation process. Because of this lack of clarity from CMS, we are unable to estimate with any reasonable confidence a coding or payment error rate or predict the impact of extrapola ting an applicable error rate to our Florida MA plan 2007 premiums. However, it is likely that a payment adjustment will occur as a result of these audits, and that any such adjustment could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows, possibly in 2011 and beyond. |
Estimating Medical Benefits Expense and Medical Benefits Payable
The cost of medical benefits is recognized in the period in which services are provided and includes an estimate of the cost of IBNR medical benefits. Medical benefits payable has two main components: direct medical expenses and medically-related administrative costs. Direct medical expenses include amounts paid or payable to hospitals, physicians and providers of ancillary services, such as laboratories and pharmacies. Medically-related administrative costs include items such as case and disease management, utilization review services, quality assurance and on-call nurses, which are recorded in Selling, general, and administrative expense. Medical benefits payable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets represents amounts for claims fully adjudicated awaiting payment disbursement and estimates for IBNR. The following table provides a reconciliation of the total medical benefits payable balances as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008:
| | As of December 31, |
| | 2010 | | % of Total | | 2009 | | % of Total | | 2008 | | % of Total |
| | (Dollars in millions) | | | | | | | | | | | |
Claims adjudicated, but not yet paid | | $ | 50.9 | | | 7 | % | | $ | 53.0 | | | 7 | % | | $ | 77.1 | | | 10 | % |
IBNR | | | 692.1 | | | 93 | % | | | 749.5 | | | 93 | % | | | 689.1 | | | 90 | % |
Total Medical benefits payable | | $ | 743.0 | | | | | | $ | 802.5 | | | | | | $ | 766.2 | | | | |
The medical benefits payable estimate has been and continues to be our most significant estimate included in our financial statements. We historically have used and continue to use a consistent methodology for estimating our medical benefits expense and medical benefits payable. Our policy is to record management’s best estimate of medical benefits payable based on the experience and information available to us at the time. This estimate is determined utilizing standard actuarial methodologies based upon historical experience and key assumptions consisting of trend factors and completion factors using an assumption of moderately adverse conditions, which vary by business segment. These standard actuarial methodologies include using, among other factors, contractual requirements, historic utilization trends, the interval between the date services are rendered and the date claims are paid, denied claims activity, disputed claims activity, benefits changes, expected health care cost inflation, seasonality patterns, maturity of lines of business and changes in membership.
The factors and assumptions described above that are used to develop our estimate of medical benefits expense and medical benefits payable inherently are subject to greater variability when there is more limited experience or information available to us. The ultimate claims payment amounts, patterns and trends for new products and geographic areas cannot be precisely predicted at their onset, since we, the providers and the members do not have experience in these products or geographic areas. Standard accepted actuarial methodologies, discussed above, would allow for this inherent variability. This can result in larger differences between the originally estimated medical benefits payable and the actual claims amounts paid. Conversely, during periods where our products and geographies are more stable and mature, we have more reliable c laims payment patterns and trend experience. With more reliable data, we should be able to more closely estimate the ultimate claims payment amounts; therefore, we may experience smaller differences between our original estimate of medical benefits payable and the actual claim amounts paid.
In developing our estimates, we apply different estimation methods depending on the month for which incurred claims are being estimated. For the more recent months, which constitute the majority of the amount of the medical benefits payable, we estimate claims incurred by applying observed trend factors to the fixed fee PMPM costs for prior months, which costs have been estimated using completion factors, in order to estimate the PMPM costs for the most recent months. We validate our estimates of the most recent PMPM costs by comparing the most recent months’ utilization levels to the utilization levels in prior months and actuarial techniques that incorporate a historical analysis of claim payments, including trends in cost of care provided and timeliness of submission and processing of claims.
Many aspects of the managed care business are not predictable. These aspects include the incidences of illness or disease state (such as congestive heart failure cases, cases of upper respiratory illness, the length and severity of the flu season, diabetes, the number of full-term versus premature births and the number of neonatal intensive care babies). Therefore, we must continually monitor our historical experience in determining our trend assumptions to reflect the ever-changing mix, needs and size of our membership. Among the factors considered by management are changes in the level of benefits provided to members, seasonal variations in utilization, identified industry trends and changes in provider reimbursement arrangements, including changes in the percentage of reimbursements made on a capitation as opposed to a fee-for-serv ice basis. These considerations are reflected in the trends in our medical benefits expense. Other external factors such as government-mandated benefits or other regulatory changes, catastrophes and epidemics may impact medical cost trends. Other internal factors such as system conversions and claims processing interruptions may impact our ability to accurately predict estimates of historical completion factors or medical cost trends. Medical cost trends potentially are more volatile than other segments of the economy. Management uses considerable judgment in determining medical benefits expense trends and other actuarial model inputs. We believe that the amount of medical benefits payable as of December 31, 2010 is adequate to cover our ultimate liability for unpaid claims as of that date; however, actual payments may differ from established estimates. If the completion factors we used in estimating our IBNR for the year ended December 31, 2010 were decreased by 1%, our net loss would increase by appro ximately $54.4 million. If the completion factors were increased by 1%, our net loss would decrease by approximately $53.2 million.
We record reserves for estimated referral claims related to health care providers under contract with us who are financially troubled or insolvent and who may not be able to honor their obligations for the costs of medical services provided by other providers. In these instances, we may be required to honor these obligations for legal or business reasons. Based on our current assessment of providers under contract with us, such losses have not been and are not expected to be significant.
Changes in medical benefits payable estimates are primarily the result of obtaining more complete claims information and medical expense trend data over time. Volatility in members’ needs for medical services, provider claims submissions and our payment processes result in identifiable patterns emerging several months after the causes of deviations from assumed trends occur. Since our estimates are based upon PMPM claims experience, changes cannot typically be explained by any single factor, but are the result of a number of interrelated variables, all influencing the resulting medical cost trend. Differences in our financial statements between actual experience and estimates used to establish the liability, which we refer to as prior period developments, are recorded in the period when such differences become known, and have th e effect of increasing or decreasing the reported medical benefits expense and resulting MBR in such periods.
In establishing our estimate of reserves for IBNR at each reporting period, we use standard actuarial methodologies based upon historical experience and key assumptions consisting of trend factors and completion factors, which vary by business segment, to determine an estimate of the base reserve. Actuarial standards of practice require that a margin for uncertainty be considered in determining the estimate for unpaid claim liabilities. If a margin is included, the claim liabilities should be adequate under moderately adverse conditions. Therefore, we make an additional estimate in the process of establishing the IBNR, which also uses standard actuarial techniques, to account for adverse conditions that may cause actual claims to be higher than estimat ed compared to the base reserve, for which the model is not intended to account. We refer to this additional liability as the provision for moderately adverse conditions. The provision for moderately adverse conditions is a component of our overall determination of the adequacy of our IBNR reserve. The provision for moderately adverse conditions is intended to capture the potential adverse development from factors such as our entry into new geographical markets, our provision of services to new populations such as the aged, blind and disabled, the variations in utilization of benefits and increasing medical cost, changes in provider reimbursement arrangements, variations in claims processing speed and patterns, claims payment, the severity of claims, and outbreaks of disease such as the flu. Because of the complexity of our business, the number of states in which we operate, and the need to account for different health care benefit packages among those states, we make an overall assessment of IBNR after cons idering the base actuarial model reserves and the provision for moderately adverse conditions. We consistently apply our IBNR estimation methodology from period to period. We review our overall estimates of IBNR on a monthly basis. As additional information becomes known to us, we adjust our assumptions accordingly to change our estimate of IBNR. Therefore, if moderately adverse conditions do not occur, evidenced by more complete claims information in the following period, then our prior period estimates will be revised downward, resulting in favorable development. However, any favorable prior period reserve development would affect (increase) current period net income only to the extent that the current period provision for moderately adverse conditions is less than the benefit recognized from the prior period favorable development. If moderately adverse conditions occur and are more than we estimated, then our prior period estimates will be revised upward, resulting in unfavorable development, which w ould decrease current period net income.
In addition to the release of the provision for moderately adverse conditions, medical benefits expense for the year ended December 31, 2010, was impacted by approximately $56.2 million of net favorable development related to prior years. For the year ended December 31, 2009, medical benefits expense was impacted by approximately $58.7 million of net favorable development related to prior years. A significant portion of the net favorable prior year development in 2010 is associated with the exit of our PFFS product on December 31, 2009. The net amount of prior period developments in the 2009 periods was primarily attributable to pricing assumptions, early durational effect favorability, the volatility associated with our new and small blocks of MA business, whi ch were converted from the loss ratio methodology to the development factor methodology in 2009 (both methodologies are recognized methods for estimating claim reserves in accordance with actuarial standards of practice), the recovery by us of claim overpayments on our PFFS product that exceeded our estimates and better than expected demographic mix of membership. The factors impacting the changes in the determination of medical benefits payable discussed above were not discernable in advance. The impact became clearer over time as claim payments were processed and more complete claims information was obtained.
Medical benefits payable includes reserves for claims adjudicated, but not yet paid, an estimate of claims incurred but not reported, reserves for medically-related administrative costs and other liabilities, including estimates for provider settlements due to clarification of contract terms, out-of-network reimbursement, claims payment differences and amounts due to contracted providers under risk-sharing arrangements. The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of medical benefits payable for the following periods:
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2010 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
| | (In millions) | |
Balances as of beginning of period | | $ | 802.5 | | | $ | 766.2 | | | $ | 538.1 | |
Medical benefits incurred related to: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current period | | | 4,652.9 | | | | 5,983.5 | | | | 5,538.2 | |
Prior periods | | | (116.3 | ) | | | (121.0 | ) | | | (8.0 | ) |
Total | | | 4,536.6 | | | | 5,862.5 | | | | 5,530.2 | |
Medical benefits paid related to: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current period | | | (4,026.3 | ) | | | (5,250.9 | ) | | | (4,848.4 | ) |
Prior periods | | | (569.8 | ) | | | (575.3 | ) | | | (453.7 | ) |
Total | | | (4,596.1 | ) | | | (5,826.2 | ) | | | (5,302.1 | ) |
Balances as of end of period | | $ | 743.0 | | | $ | 802.5 | | | $ | 766.2 | |
Changes in medical benefits payable estimates are primarily the result of obtaining more complete claims information and medical expense trend data over time. Differences in our financial statements between actual experience and estimates used to establish the liability, which we refer to as prior period developments, are recorded in the period when such differences become known, and have the effect of increasing or decreasing the reported medical benefits expense and resulting MBR in such periods.
Medical benefits payable recorded at December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 developed favorably by approximately $116.3 million, $121.0 million and $8.0 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. These prior period developments were primarily attributable to the release of the provision for moderately adverse conditions, which is included as part of the assumptions, and favorable variances between actual experience and key assumptions relating to trend factors and completion factors for claims incurred in prior years. The release of the provision for moderately adverse conditions was substantially offset by the provision for moderately adverse conditions established for claims incurred in the succeeding year. Accordingly, the change in the amount of the incurred claims related to prior years in the Medical benefits payable does not directly correspond to an increase in net income recognized during the period.
We consistently recognize the actuarial best estimate of the ultimate medical benefits payable within a level of confidence, as required by actuarial standards of practice, which require that the medical benefits payable be adequate under moderately adverse conditions. As we establish the liability for each year, we ensure that our assumptions appropriately consider moderately adverse conditions. When a portion of the development related to the prior year incurred claims is offset by an increase determined appropriate to address moderately adverse conditions for the current year incurred claims, we do not consider that offset amount as having any impact on net income during the period.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
We obtained goodwill and intangible assets as a result of the acquisitions of our subsidiaries. Goodwill represents the excess of the cost over the fair market value of net assets acquired. Intangible assets include provider networks, trademarks, state contracts, licenses and permits. Our intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives ranging from approximately one to 26 years.
We use a two-step process to review goodwill for impairment. The first step is a screen for potential impairment, and the second step measures the amount of impairment, if any. We review goodwill and intangible assets for potential impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances occur that may affect the estimated useful life or the recoverability of the remaining balance of goodwill or intangible assets. Events or changes in circumstances would include significant changes in membership, state funding, medical contracts and provider networks. We evaluate the potential impairment of goodwill and intangible assets using both the income and market approach. 0;In doing so, we must make assumptions and estimates, such as the discount factor and peer benchmarking, in estimating fair values. While we believe these assumptions and estimates are appropriate, other assumptions and estimates could be applied and might produce significantly different results. An impairment loss is recognized for goodwill and intangible assets if the carrying value of such assets exceeds its fair value. We select the second quarter of each year for our annual impairment test, which generally coincides with the finalization of federal and state contract negotiations and our initial budgeting process. Our annual impairment test was completed during the third quarter of 2010. We assessed the book value of goodwill and other intangible assets and have determined that the fair value of our goodwill exceeds its carrying value, and as a result, there were no indications of additional impairment testing required as of December 31, 2010.
We evaluated the intangible assets used in our PFFS business, which primarily consisted of state licenses for the insurance companies that underwrote that line of business. As we continue to use these company licenses for other lines of business and the licenses have a market value, we determined that these assets were not impaired.
Based on the general economic conditions and outlook during 2008, we performed an analysis of the underlying valuation of Goodwill at December 31, 2008. Upon reviewing the valuation results, we determined that the Goodwill associated with our Medicare reporting unit was fully impaired. The impairment to our Medicare reporting unit was due to, among other things, the anticipated operating environment resulting from regulatory changes and new health care legislation, and the resulting effects on our future membership trends. In 2008, we recorded goodwill impairment expense of $78.3 million, and a corresponding write-down to Goodwill to reflect its fair value as presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In February 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued authoritative guidance related to subsequent events. This standard updates subsequent event guidance, issued in May 2009, requiring reporting entities to provide the date through which subsequent event reviews occurred, which was in conflict with certain SEC requirements. Accordingly, the update to previously issued subsequent event guidance removes the requirement to disclose a date through which subsequent events have been evaluated. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on our financial statements.
In January 2010, the FASB issued authoritative guidance related to improving disclosures about fair value measurements. This standard requires reporting entities to make new disclosures about recurring or nonrecurring fair-value measurements including significant transfers into and out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements and information on purchases, sales, issuances and settlements on a gross basis in the reconciliation of Level 3 fair value measurements. This standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for Level 3 reconciliation disclosures which are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2010. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on our financial sta tements.
As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, we had short-term investments of $108.8 million and $62.7 million, respectively. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, we had investments classified as long-term in the amount of $62.9 million and $51.7 million, respectively. We also had restricted investments of $107.6 million and $130.5 million, at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, which consist principally of restricted deposits in accordance with regulatory requirements. The short-term investments consist of highly liquid securities with maturities between three and 12 months as well as longer term bonds with floating interest rates that are considered available for sale. Restricted assets consist of cash and cash equivalents and U.S. Treasury instruments deposited or pledged to state agencies in accordance with state rules and regulations. These restricted assets are classified as long-term regardless of the contractual maturity date due to the nature of the states’ requirements. The investments classified as long term are subject to interest rate risk and will decrease in value if market rates increase. Because of their short-term nature, however, we would not expect the value of these investments to decline significantly as a result of a sudden change in market interest rates. Assuming a hypothetical and immediate 1% increase in market interest rates at December 31, 2010, the fair value of our fixed income investments would decrease by approximately $0.6 million. Similarly, a 1% decrease in market interest rates at December 31, 2010 would result in an increase of the fair value of our investments by less than $1.1 million.
Our consolidated financial statements and related notes required by this item are set forth in the WellCare Health Plans, Inc. financial statements included in Part IV of this filing.
None.
| (a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures |
Management, under the leadership of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), is responsible for maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our CEO and CFO, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
In connection with the preparation of this 2010 Form 10-K, our management, under the leadership of our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (“Disclosure Controls”). Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of December 31, 2010, our Disclosure Controls were effective in timely alerting them to material information required to be included in our reports filed with the SEC.
| (b) | Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financing Reporting |
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO Framework”). Based on our evaluation under the COSO Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2010. Our independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte &a mp; Touche LLP, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, that is included herein.
| (c) Changes in Internal Controls |
There has not been any change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) under the Exchange Act during the quarter ended December 31, 2010 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, those controls.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
WellCare Health Plans, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Tampa, Florida
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of WellCare Health Plans, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financi al statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules as of and for the year ended December 31, 2010 of the Company and our report dated February 16, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche, LLP
Certified Public Accountants
Tampa, Florida
February 16, 2011
None.
PART III
The information required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 is omitted because, no later than 120 days after December 31, 2010, we will file and distribute our definitive proxy statement for our 2011 annual meeting of stockholders containing the information required by such Items. Such omitted information is incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules
(1) | Financial Statements are listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on page F-1 of this report. |
(2) | Financial Statement Schedules are listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements on Page F-1 of this report. |
(3) | Exhibits – See the Exhibit Index of this report which is incorporated herein by this reference. |
(b) Exhibits
For a list of exhibits to this 2010 Form 10-K, see the Exhibit Index which is incorporated herein by reference.
In the past, we have filed with the SEC substantially all of our Medicare contracts (including PDP) and amendments thereto, as well as our Medicaid contracts and amendments thereto if we derive 10% or greater of our annual Medicaid segment revenues from a customer. As our business has developed, we have concluded that a better approach to providing our investors with an understanding as to which of our operational contracts, if any, are material to our business, is to file contracts and amendments thereto if we derive 10% or greater of our total annual revenues from a customer. We believe that our modified practice will provide greater clarity to our investors regarding the operational contracts that management believes are material to our business.
As discussed elsewhere, we have three reportable business segments: Medicaid, MA and PDP; within our two main business lines: Medicaid and Medicare. In our Medicaid segment, we define our customer as the state and related governmental agencies that have common control over the contracts under which we operate in that particular state. We enter into contracts with the states or state agencies in the ordinary course of our business pursuant to which we provide Medicaid programs and services to beneficiaries in each of the states in which our Medicaid plans operate. In certain states in which we offer numerous programs or operate in multiple regions, we may operate under several contracts, all or substantially all of which are with a single governmental agency that has common control over the contracts under which we operate i n that particular state. In our MA and PDP segments, we have just one customer, CMS, from which we receive substantially all of our premium revenues. We offer our Medicare plans under multiple contracts with CMS and believe that CMS has common control over all of our Medicare contracts.
(c) Financial Statements
We file as part of this report the financial schedules listed on the index immediately preceding the financial statements at the end of this report.
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| WellCare Health Plans, Inc. | |
| By: | /s/ Alec Cunningham |
| | Alec Cunningham Chief Executive Officer |
Date: February 16, 2011
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
Signature | | Title | | Date |
| | | | |
/s/ Alec Cunningham | | Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer and Director) | | February 16, 2011 |
Alec Cunningham | | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ Thomas L. Tran | | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | | February 16, 2011 |
Thomas L. Tran | | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ Maurice S. Hebert | | Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) | | February 16, 2011 |
Maurice S. Hebert | | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ Charles G. Berg | | Director | | February 16, 2011 |
Charles G. Berg | | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ Carol J. Burt | | Director | | February 16, 2011 |
Carol J. Burt | | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ David J. Gallitano | | Director | | February 16, 2011 |
David J. Gallitano | | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ D. Robert Graham | | Director | | February 16, 2011 |
D. Robert Graham | | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ Kevin F. Hickey | | Director | | February 16, 2011 |
Kevin F. Hickey | | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ Christian P. Michalik | | Director | | February 16, 2011 |
Christian P. Michalik | | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ Glenn D. Steele, Jr. | | Director | | February 16, 2011 |
Glenn D. Steele, Jr. | | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ William L. Trubeck | | Director | | February 16, 2011 |
William L. Trubeck | | | | |
| | | | |
/s/ Paul E. Weaver | | Director | | February 16, 2011 |
Paul E. Weaver | | | | |
| | | | |
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules
WellCare Health Plans, Inc.
| Page |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | F - 2 |
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 | F - 3 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 | F - 4 |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 | F - 5 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 | F - 6 |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F -7 |
Financial Statement Schedules
| |
Schedule I — Condensed Financial Information of Registrant | F - 36 |
Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts | F - 39 |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
WellCare Health Plans, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Tampa, Florida
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of WellCare Health Plans, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders' equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010. Our audits also included the financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 15. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of WellCare Health Plans, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 16, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche, LLP
Certified Public Accountants
Tampa, Florida
February 16, 2011
WELLCARE HEALTH PLANS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | |
Premium (see Note 2) | | $ | 5,430,190 | | | $ | 6,867,252 | | | $ | 6,483,070 | |
Investment and other income | | | 10,035 | | | | 10,912 | | | | 38,837 | |
Total revenues | | | 5,440,225 | | | | 6,878,164 | | | | 6,521,907 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medical benefits | | | 4,536,631 | | | | 5,862,457 | | | | 5,530,216 | |
Selling, general and administrative | | | 895,894 | | | | 805,238 | | | | 844,929 | |
Medicaid premium taxes | | | 56,374 | | | | 91,026 | | | | 88,929 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 23,946 | | | | 23,336 | | | | 21,324 | |
Interest | | | 229 | | | | 3,087 | | | | 11,340 | |
Goodwill impairment | | | — | | | | — | | | | 78,339 | |
Total expenses | | | 5,513,074 | | | | 6,785,144 | | | | 6,575,077 | |
(Loss) income before income taxes | | | (72,849 | ) | | | 93,020 | | | | (53,170 | ) |
Income tax (benefit) expense | | | (19,449 | ) | | | 53,149 | | | | (16,337 | ) |
Net (loss) income | | $ | (53,400 | ) | | $ | 39,871 | | | $ | (36,833 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income per share (see Note 3): | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | (1.26 | ) | | $ | 0.95 | | | $ | (0.89 | ) |
Diluted | | $ | (1.26 | ) | | $ | 0.95 | | | $ | (0.89 | ) |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
WELLCARE HEALTH PLANS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data)
| | December 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
Assets | | | | | | |
Current Assets: | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 1,359,548 | | | $ | 1,158,131 | |
Investments | | | 108,788 | | | | 62,722 | |
Premium receivables, net | | | 127,796 | | | | 285,808 | |
Funds receivable for the benefit of members | | | 33,182 | | | | 77,851 | |
Income taxes receivable | | | 9,973 | | | | — | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net | | | 114,492 | | | | 104,079 | |
Deferred income tax asset | | | 61,392 | | | | 28,874 | |
Total current assets | | | 1,815,171 | | | | 1,717,465 | |
Property, equipment and capitalized software, net | | | 76,825 | | | | 61,785 | |
Goodwill | | | 111,131 | | | | 111,131 | |
Other intangible assets, net | | | 11,428 | | | | 12,961 | |
Long-term investments | | | 62,931 | | | | 51,710 | |
Restricted investments | | | 107,569 | | | | 130,550 | |
Deferred income tax asset | | | 58,340 | | | | 29,654 | |
Other assets | | | 3,898 | | | | 3,191 | |
Total Assets | | $ | 2,247,293 | | | $ | 2,118,447 | |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | | | | | | | | |
Current Liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Medical benefits payable | | $ | 742,990 | | | $ | 802,515 | |
Unearned premiums | | | 67,383 | | | | 90,496 | |
Accounts payable | | | 8,284 | | | | 5,270 | |
Other accrued expenses and liabilities | | | 199,033 | | | | 220,562 | |
Current portion of amounts accrued related to investigation resolution | | | 121,406 | | | | 18,192 | |
Other payables to government partners | | | 46,605 | | | | 38,147 | |
Income taxes payable | | | — | | | | 4,888 | |
Total current liabilities | | | 1,185,701 | | | | 1,180,070 | |
Amounts accrued related to investigation resolution | | | 216,136 | | | | 40,205 | |
Other liabilities | | | 13,410 | | | | 17,272 | |
Total liabilities | | | 1,415,247 | | | | 1,237,547 | |
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 11) | | | — | | | | — | |
Stockholders' Equity: | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value (20,000,000 authorized, no shares issued or outstanding) | | | — | | | | — | |
Common stock, $0.01 par value (100,000,000 authorized, 42,541,725 and 42,361,207 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, | | | | | | | | |
2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively) | | | 425 | | | | 424 | |
Paid-in capital | | | 428,818 | | | | 425,083 | |
Retained earnings | | | 405,112 | | | | 458,512 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (2,309 | ) | | | (3,119 | ) |
Total stockholders' equity | | | 832,046 | | | | 880,900 | |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | | $ | 2,247,293 | | | $ | 2,118,447 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
WELLCARE HEALTH PLANS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands, except share data)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Accumulated | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Other | | | Total | |
| | Common Stock | | | Paid in | | | Retained | | | Comprehensive | | | Stockholders’ | |
| | Shares | | | Amount | | | Capital | | | Earnings | | | Loss | | | Equity | |
Balance at January 1, 2008 | | | 41,912,236 | | | $ | 419 | | | $ | 352,030 | | | $ | 455,474 | | | $ | (32 | ) | | $ | 807,891 | |
Common stock issued for stock options | | | 108,268 | | | | 2 | | | | 1,039 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,041 | |
Purchase of treasury stock | | | (77,257 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (2,720 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (2,721 | ) |
Restricted stock grants net of forfeitures | | | 318,098 | | | | 3 | | | | 20,935 | | | | | | | | | | | | 20,938 | |
Other equity-based compensation expense | | | | | | | | | | | 17,679 | | | | | | | | | | | | 17,679 | |
Incremental tax benefit from option exercises | | | | | | | | | | | 1,563 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,563 | |
Comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (36,833 | ) | | | | | | | (36,833 | ) |
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
net of deferred taxes of $2,439 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (3,729 | ) | | | (3,729 | ) |
Comprehensive loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (40,562 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2008 | | | 42,261,345 | | | $ | 423 | | | $ | 390,526 | | | $ | 418,641 | | | $ | (3,761 | ) | | $ | 805,829 | |
Common stock issued for stock options | | | 80,054 | | | | 1 | | | | 1,167 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,168 | |
Purchase of treasury stock | | | (154,807 | ) | | | (2 | ) | | | (2,413 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (2,415 | ) |
Restricted stock grants and RSU vesting, net of forfeitures | | | 174,615 | | | | 2 | | | | 25,674 | | | | | | | | | | | | 25,676 | |
Other equity-based compensation expense | | | | | | | | | | | 18,475 | | | | | | | | | | | | 18,475 | |
Incremental tax decrement from option exercises | | | | | | | | | | | (8,346 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (8,346 | ) |
Comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 39,871 | | | | | | | | 39,871 | |
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
net of deferred taxes of $1,953 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 642 | | | | 642 | |
Comprehensive income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 40,513 | |
Balance at December 31, 2009 | | | 42,361,207 | | | $ | 424 | | | $ | 425,083 | | | $ | 458,512 | | | $ | (3,119 | ) | | $ | 880,900 | |
Common stock issued for stock options | | | 90,853 | | | | 1 | | | | 1,443 | | | | | | | | | | | | 1,444 | |
Purchase of treasury stock | | | (36,032 | ) | | | (1 | ) | | | (6,237 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (6,238 | ) |
Restricted stock grants and RSU vesting, net of forfeitures | | | 125,697 | | | | 1 | | | | 11,752 | | | | | | | | | | | | 11,753 | |
Other equity-based compensation expense | | | | | | | | | | | 3,049 | | | | | | | | | | | | 3,049 | |
Incremental tax decrement from option exercises | | | | | | | | | | | (6,272 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | (6,272 | ) |
Comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (53,400 | ) | | | | | | | (53,400 | ) |
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
net of deferred taxes of $507 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 810 | | | | 810 | |
Comprehensive loss | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (52,590 | ) |
Balance at December 31, 2010 | | | 42,541,725 | | | $ | 425 | | | $ | 428,818 | | | $ | 405,112 | | | $ | (2,309 | ) | | $ | 832,046 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
WELLCARE HEALTH PLANS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Cash from (used in) operating activities: | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income | | $ | (53,400 | ) | | $ | 39,871 | | | $ | (36,833 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash | | | | | | | | | | | | |
provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 23,946 | | | | 23,336 | | | | 21,324 | |
Goodwill impairment | | | — | | | | — | | | | 78,339 | |
Equity-based compensation expense | | | 14,801 | | | | 44,149 | | | | 38,614 | |
Incremental tax benefit from option exercises | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,686 | ) |
Deferred taxes, net | | | (61,204 | ) | | | 10,443 | | | | (46,350 | ) |
Provision for doubtful receivables | | | (6,889 | ) | | | 1,945 | | | | 27,313 | |
Changes in operating accounts: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premium receivables, net | | | 158,124 | | | | (74,014 | ) | | | 70,513 | |
Other receivables from government partners, net | | | 6,728 | | | | (564 | ) | | | (4,780 | ) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net | | | (10,362 | ) | | | 28,586 | | | | (16,663 | ) |
Medical benefits payable | | | (59,525 | ) | | | 36,336 | | | | 228,033 | |
Unearned premiums | | | (23,113 | ) | | | 9,299 | | | | 61,359 | |
Accounts payables and other accrued expenses | | | 752 | | | | (69,440 | ) | | | (38,617 | ) |
Other payables to government partners | | | 8,458 | | | | 30,047 | | | | (110,913 | ) |
Amounts accrued related to investigation resolution | | | 256,207 | | | | 8,397 | | | | 50,000 | |
Income taxes, net | | | (21,134 | ) | | | (15,645 | ) | | | 20,179 | |
Other, net | | | (10,332 | ) | | | (14,821 | ) | | | (41,405 | ) |
Net cash provided by operations | | | 223,057 | | | | 57,925 | | | | 296,427 | |
Cash from (used in) investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchases of investments | | | (219,961 | ) | | | (16,115 | ) | | | (135,607 | ) |
Proceeds from sale and maturities of investments | | | 163,993 | | | | 27,466 | | | | 260,413 | |
Purchases of restricted investments | | | (21,820 | ) | | | (65,299 | ) | | | (120,116 | ) |
Proceeds from maturities of restricted investments | | | 44,800 | | | | 133,665 | | | | 10,274 | |
Additions to property, equipment and capitalized software, net | | | (27,516 | ) | | | (16,078 | ) | | | (19,559 | ) |
Funds receivable for the benefit of members | | | — | | | | — | | | | (86,542 | ) |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | | | (60,504 | ) | | | 63,639 | | | | (91,137 | ) |
Cash from (used in) financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from option exercises and other | | | 1,443 | | | | 1,167 | | | | 1,039 | |
Purchase of treasury stock | | | (6,237 | ) | | | (2,413 | ) | | | (2,720 | ) |
Incremental tax benefit from option exercises | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,686 | |
Payments on debt | | | — | | | | (152,800 | ) | | | (2,000 | ) |
Payments on capital leases | | | (1,011 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Funds received for the benefit of members | | | 44,669 | | | | 8,691 | | | | (31,782 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | 38,864 | | | | (145,355 | ) | | | (31,777 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Increase (decrease) during year | | | 201,417 | | | | (23,791 | ) | | | 173,513 | |
Balance at beginning of year | | | 1,158,131 | | | | 1,181,922 | | | | 1,008,409 | |
Balance at end of year | | $ | 1,359,548 | | | $ | 1,158,131 | | | $ | 1,181,922 | |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | | | | | | | | | |
Cash paid for taxes | | $ | 75,962 | | | $ | 80,621 | | | $ | 53,911 | |
Cash paid for interest | | $ | 228 | | | $ | 2,642 | | | $ | 10,150 | |
Equipment acquired through capital leases | | $ | 8,868 | | | $ | 805 | | | $ | — | |
Non-cash additions to property, equipment, and capitalized software | | $ | 2,354 | | | $ | 923 | | | $ | 2,084 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
WELLCARE HEALTH PLANS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Year Ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008
(In thousands, except member and share data)
1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
WellCare Health Plans, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company,", "we", "us", or "our"), provides managed care services exclusively to government-sponsored health care programs, serving approximately 2,224,000 members as of December 31, 2010. Through our licensed subsidiaries, as of December 31, 2010, we operate our Medicaid health plans in Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Missouri, New York and Ohio, and our Medicare Advantage (“MA”) coordinated care plans (“CCPs”) in Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio and Texas. We also operate a stand-alone Medicare prescription drug plan (“PDP”) in 49 states and the District of Columbia. We exited the Medicare private fee-for-service ("PFFS") program on December 31 , 2009.
We were formed in May 2002 when we acquired our Florida, New York and Connecticut health plans. From inception to July 2004, we operated through a holding company that was a Delaware limited liability company. In July 2004, immediately prior to the closing of our initial public offering, the limited liability company was merged into a Delaware corporation and we changed our name to WellCare Health Plans, Inc.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated statements of operations, balance sheets, changes in stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income and cash flows include the accounts of WellCare Health Plans, Inc. and all of its majority-owned subsidiaries. Inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain items in our financial statements have been reclassified from their prior year classifications to conform to our current year presentation. We have evaluated all material events subsequent to the date of these financial statements.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Use of Estimates
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates are based on knowledge of current events and anticipated future events and accordingly, actual results may differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash and short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less. These amounts are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value.
Investments
Our fixed maturity securities are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at their estimated fair value. Unrealized investment gains and losses on securities are recorded as a separate component of other comprehensive income or loss, net of deferred income taxes. The cost of fixed maturity securities is adjusted for impairments in value deemed to be other-than-temporary. These adjustments are recorded as investment losses. Investment gains and losses on sales of securities are determined on a specific identification basis. Our short-term and restricted investments, excluding treasury bills, are stated at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. Our long-term investments, which are comprised of municipal note investments with an auction reset feature (“auction rate securities”), are stated at mark et value using a discounted cash flow analysis.
Our fixed maturity investments are exposed to four primary sources of investment risk: credit, interest rate, liquidity and market valuation. The financial statement risks are those associated with the recognition of impairments and income, as well as the determination of fair values. The assessment of whether impairments have occurred is based on management’s case-by-case evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in fair value. Management considers a wide range of factors about the security issuer and uses its best judgment in evaluating the cause of the decline in the estimated fair value of the security and in assessing the prospects for near-term recovery. Inherent in management’s evaluation of the security are assumptions and estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future earnings potenti al. Considerations used by us in the impairment evaluation process include, but are not limited to: (i) the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been below cost; (ii) the potential for impairments of securities when the issuer is experiencing significant financial difficulties; (iii) the potential for impairments in an entire industry sector or sub-sector; (iv) the potential for impairments in certain economically depressed geographic locations; (v) the potential for impairments of securities where the issuer, series of issuers or industry has suffered a catastrophic type of loss or has exhausted natural resources; (vi) unfavorable changes in forecasted cash flows on asset-backed securities; and (vii) other subjective factors, including concentrations and information obtained from regulators and rating agencies. In addition, the earnings on certain investments are dependent upon market conditions, which could result in prepayments and changes in amounts to be earned due to changing int erest rates or equity markets.
Restricted Investments
Restricted investment assets consist of cash, cash equivalents, and other short-term investments required by various state statutes or regulations to be deposited or pledged to state agencies, including collateral deposits of cash, cash equivalents or securities for the purpose of issuance of surety bonds required by certain state contracts. Restricted investment assets are classified as long-term, regardless of the contractual maturity date due to the nature of the states’ requirements, and are stated at fair value or cost which approximates fair value.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets, net
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of prepaid expenses, pharmaceutical rebates receivable and advances to providers. Pharmaceutical rebates receivable are recorded based upon actual rebate receivables and an estimate of receivables based upon historical utilization of specific pharmaceuticals, current utilization and contract terms. Pharmaceutical rebates are recorded as contra-expense within Medical benefits expense. Advances to providers are amounts advanced to health care providers that are under contract with us to provide medical services to members. These advances provide funding to providers for medical benefits payable. We perform an analysis of our ability to collect outstanding advances and record a provision for these accounts which are judged to be a collection risk based upon a review of the financial condi tion and solvency of the provider. An allowance is established for the estimated amount that may not be collectible. Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net, at December 31, 2010 and 2009 are comprised of the following:
| | As of December 31, |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net: | | 2010 | | | 2009 |
Pharmaceutical rebates receivable | | $ | 85,186 | | | $ | 84,635 |
Advances to providers for claim payments | | | 7,823 | | | | 8,891 |
Prepaid expenses | | | 15,842 | | | | 5,417 |
Other | | | 6,991 | | | | 6,536 |
| | | 115,842 | | | | 105,479 |
Allowance for uncollectible advances to providers | | | (1,350) | | | | (1,400) |
Total | | $ | 114,492 | | | $ | 104,079 |
| | | | | | | |
Property, Equipment and Capitalized Software, net
Property, equipment and capitalized software is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Capitalized software consists of certain costs incurred in the development of internal-use software, including external direct costs of materials and services and payroll costs of employees devoted to specific software development. Depreciation for financial reporting purposes is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which is five years for leasehold improvements as well as furniture and equipment, and three to five years for computer equipment and software. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operating expense when incurred. Major improvements that extend the useful lives of the assets are capitalized. On an ongoing basis, we review events or changes in circumstances that may indic ate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. If the carrying value of an asset exceeds the sum of estimated undiscounted future cash flows, then an impairment loss is recognized in the current period for the difference between estimated fair value and carrying value. If assets are determined to be recoverable, and the useful lives are shorter than originally estimated, the net book value of the asset is depreciated over the newly determined remaining useful lives.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, net
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost over the fair market value of net assets acquired. Our Goodwill is associated only with our Medicaid segment, as our Medicare reporting unit was fully impaired in 2008. Our Goodwill and Other intangible assets were obtained as a result of our purchase transactions and our intangible assets include provider networks, trademarks, state contracts, licenses and permits. Our Other intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives ranging from approximately one to 26 years.
We use a two-step process to review goodwill for impairment. The first step is to screen for potential impairment and the second step measures the amount of impairment, if any. We review goodwill and intangible assets for potential impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances occur that may affect the estimated useful life or the recoverability of the remaining balance of goodwill or intangible assets. Events or changes in circumstances would include significant changes in membership, state funding, medical contracts and provider networks. We evaluate the potential impairment of goodwill and intangible assets using both the income and market approach. In doing so, we must make assumptions and estimates, such as t he discount factor and peer benchmarking, in estimating fair values. While we believe these assumptions and estimates are appropriate, other assumptions and estimates could be applied and might produce significantly different results. An impairment loss is recognized for goodwill and intangible assets if the carrying value of such assets exceeds its fair value. We select the second quarter of each year for our annual impairment test, which generally coincides with the finalization of federal and state contract negotiations and our initial budgeting process. Our annual impairment test was completed during the third quarter of 2010. We assessed the book value of goodwill and other intangible assets and have determined that the fair value of our goodwill exceeds its carrying value, and as a result, there were no indications of additional impairment testing required as of December 31, 2010.
Medical Benefits Payable and Expense
The medical benefits payable estimate has been and continues to be the most significant estimate included in our financial statements. We have historically used, and continue to use, a consistent methodology for estimating our medical benefits expense and medical benefits payable. Our policy is to record management’s best estimate of medical benefits payable based on the experience and information available to us at the time. The cost of medical benefits is recognized in the period in which services are provided and includes an estimate of the cost of medical benefits that have been incurred, but not yet reported (“IBNR”). We contract with various health care providers for the provision of certain medical care services to our members and generally compensate those providers on a fee-for-service or capitated basis or pursuant to certain risk-sharing arrangements. Capitation represents fixed payments generally on a per-member per-month (“PMPM”), basis to participating physicians and other medical specialists as compensation for providing comprehensive health care services. By the terms of our capitation agreements, capitation payments we make to capitated providers alleviate any further obligation we have to pay the capitated provider for the actual medical expenses of the member. Participating physician capitation payments for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, were 12%, 11% and 12% of total medical benefits expense, respectively.
Medical benefits expense has two main components: direct medical expenses and medically-related administrative costs. Direct medical expenses include amounts paid to hospitals, physicians and providers of ancillary services, such as laboratory and pharmacy. Medically-related administrative costs include items such as case and disease management, utilization review services, quality assurance and on-call nurses. Medical benefits payable on our Consolidated Balance Sheets represents amounts for claims fully adjudicated awaiting payment disbursement and estimates for IBNR. The following table provides a reconciliation of the total medical benefits payable balances as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008:
| | As of December 31, |
| | 2010 | | % of Total | | 2009 | | % of Total | | 2008 | | % of Total |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
Claims adjudicated, but not yet paid | | $ | 50,879 | | | 7% | | $ | 53,006 | | | 7% | | $ | 77,117 | | | 10% |
IBNR | | | 692,111 | | | 93% | | | 749,509 | | | 93% | | | 689,062 | | | 90% |
Total Medical benefits payable | | $ | 742,990 | | | | | $ | 802,515 | | | | | $ | 766,179 | | | |
Also included in medical benefits payable are estimates for provider settlements due to clarification of contract terms and state-imposed fee schedules, out-of-network reimbursement, claims payment differences as well as amounts due to contracted providers under risk-sharing arrangements. We record reserves for estimated referral claims related to health care providers under contract with us who are financially troubled or insolvent and who may not be able to honor their obligations for the costs of medical services provided by other providers. In these instances, we may be required to honor these obligations for legal or business reasons. Based on our current assessment of providers under contract with us, such losses have not been and are not expecte d to be significant.
Changes in medical benefits payable estimates are primarily the result of obtaining more complete claims information and medical expense trend data over time. Volatility in members’ needs for medical services, provider claims submissions and our payment processes result in identifiable patterns emerging several months after the causes of deviations from assumed trends occur. Since our estimates are based upon PMPM claims experience, changes cannot typically be explained by any single factor, but are the result of a number of interrelated variables, all influencing the resulting experienced medical cost trend. Differences in our financial statements between actual experience and estimates used to establish the liability, which we refer to as prior period developments, are recorded in the period when such differences become known, and have the effect of increasing or decreasing the reported medical benefits expense in such periods.
In establishing our estimate of reserves for IBNR at each reporting period, we use standard actuarial methodologies based upon historical experience and key assumptions consisting of trend factors and completion factors, which vary by business segment, to determine an estimate of the base reserve. These standard actuarial methodologies include using, among other factors, contractual requirements, historic utilization trends, the interval between the date services are rendered and the date claims are paid, denied claims activity, disputed claims activity, benefits changes, expected health care cost inflation, seasonality patterns, maturity of lines of business and changes in membership. Actuarial standards of practice require that a margin for uncertainty be considered in determining the estimate for unpaid claim liabilities. If a marg in is included, the claim liabilities should be adequate under moderately adverse conditions. Therefore, we make an additional estimate in the process of establishing the IBNR, which also uses standard actuarial techniques, to account for adverse conditions that may cause actual claims to be higher than estimated compared to the base reserve, for which the model is not intended to account. We refer to this additional liability as the provision for moderately adverse conditions. The provision for moderately adverse conditions is a component of our overall determination of the adequacy of our IBNR reserve. The provision for moderately adverse conditions is intended to capture the potential adverse development from factors such as our entry into new geographical markets, our provision of services to new populations such as the aged, blind and disabled, the variations in utilization of benefits and increasing medical cost, changes in provider reimbursement arrangements, variations in claims processing speed and patterns, claims payment, the severity of claims, and outbreaks of disease such as the flu. Because of the complexity of our business, the number of states in which we operate, and the need to account for different health care benefit packages among those states, we make an overall assessment of IBNR after considering the base actuarial model reserves and the provision for moderately adverse conditions. We consistently apply our IBNR estimation methodology from period to period. We review our overall estimates of IBNR on a monthly basis. As additional information becomes known to us, we adjust our assumptions accordingly to change our estimate of IBNR. Therefore, if moderately adverse conditions do not occur, evidenced by more complete claims information in the following period, then our prior period estimates will be revised downward, resulting in favorable development. However, any favorable prior period reserve development would affect (increase) current period net income only to the extent that the current period provision for moderately adverse conditions is less than the benefit recognized from the prior period favorable development. If moderately adverse conditions occur and are more than we estimated, then our prior period estimates will be revised upward, resulting in unfavorable development, which would decrease current period net income.
Other Payables to Government Partners
Other payables to government partners represent amounts due to government agencies under various contractual and plan arrangements. We estimate the amounts due to or from Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) for risk protection under the risk corridor provisions of our contract with CMS each period based on pharmacy claims experience to date as if the annual contract were to terminate at the end of the reporting period, and such amounts are included in our results of operations as adjustments to premium revenues. Accordingly, this estimate provides no consideration to future pharmacy claims experience. Risk corridor estimates may result in CMS making additional payments to us or require us to refund to CMS a portion of the premiums we received, both of which are included in Other payables to government part ners. Settlement of the reinsurance and low-income cost subsidies as well as the risk corridor payment is based on a reconciliation made approximately nine months after the close of each calendar year. Other amounts included in this balance represent the return of premium associated with our Florida Medicaid and Healthy Kids contracts and Illinois Medicaid contract. These contracts require us to expend a minimum percentage of premiums on eligible medical expense, and to the extent that we expend less than the minimum percentage of the premiums on eligible medical expense, we are required to refund all or some portion of the difference between the minimum and our actual allowable medical expense. We estimate the amounts due to the state as a return of premium each period based on the terms of our contract with the applicable state agency and such amounts are also included in our results of operations as reductions of premium revenues. A summar y of Other payables to government partners as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 is presented below.
| | As of December 31, | |
Other payables to government partners: | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
Liability to states under minimum medical expense provision | | $ | 10,650 | | | $ | 31,975 | |
Liability to CMS under risk corridor provision | | | 35,955 | | | | 6,172 | |
Total | | $ | 46,605 | | | $ | 38,147 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Funds Receivable/Held for the Benefit of Members
Funds held or receivable for the benefit of members represent reinsurance and low-income cost subsidies from CMS in connection with the Medicare Part D program for which we assume no risk. Reinsurance subsidies represent funding from CMS for its portion of prescription drug costs which exceed the member’s out-of-pocket threshold, or the catastrophic coverage level. Low-income cost subsidies represent funding from CMS for all or a portion of the deductible, the coinsurance and co-payment amounts above the out-of-pocket threshold for certain of our members considered as low-income beneficiaries. Monthly prospective payments from CMS for reinsurance and low-income cost subsidies are based on assumptions submitted with our annual bid. A reconciliation and related settlement of CMS’s prospective subsidies against act ual prescription drug costs we paid is made after the end of the year. We account for these subsidies as a deposit in our consolidated balance sheets and as a financing activity in our consolidated statements of cash flows. We do not recognize premium revenues or benefit expense for these subsidies. Receipt and payment activity is accumulated at the contract level and recorded in our consolidated balance sheets as Funds Receivable or Funds Held for the Benefit of Members, depending on the contract balance at the end of the reporting period.
Income Taxes
On a quarterly basis, the tax liability is estimated based on enacted tax rates, estimates of book-to-tax differences in income, and projections of income that will be earned in each taxing jurisdiction. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is recognized when, based on available evidence, it is more li kely than not that the deferred tax assets may not be realized. After tax returns for the applicable year are filed, the estimated tax liability is adjusted to the actual liability per the filed state and Federal tax returns. Historically, we have not experienced significant differences between its estimates of tax liability and its actual tax liability. |
We sometimes face challenges from state and federal tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due. Positions taken on the tax returns are evaluated and benefits are recognized only if it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit. Based on the Company's evaluation of tax positions, it is believed that potential tax exposures have been recorded appropriately. In addition, we are periodically audited by state and Federal taxing authorities and these audits can result in proposed assessments. We believe that our tax positions comply with applicable tax law and, as such, will vigorously defend our positions on audit. We believe that we have adequately provided for any reasonable foreseeable outcome related to these matters. Although the ultimate resolution of these audits may require additional tax payments, it is not anticipated that any additional tax payments would have a material impact to our results of operations or cash flows. |
The settlements and preliminary settlements that we have reached to resolve the government investigations discussed in Note 11 have had a significant impact on tax expense and the effective tax rates for 2010, 2009 and 2008 due to the fact that a portion of the settlement payments, or amounts accrued are not deductible for income tax purposes. At December 31, 2010, the estimated non-deductible amounts associated with amounts accrued for investigation resolution was $66,967. This estimate is based on knowledge of current events and anticipated future events; therefore, our actual realized benefit could differ materially from the amount estimated.
Premium Receivables and Revenue Recognition
We receive premiums from state and federal agencies for the members that are assigned to, or have selected, us to provide health care services under Medicaid and Medicare. The premiums we receive for each member varies according to the specific government program. The premiums we receive under each of our government benefit plans are generally determined at the beginning of the contract period. These premiums are subject to adjustment throughout the term of the contract, although such adjustments are typically made at the commencement of each new contract period.
We recognize premium revenues in the period in which we are obligated to provide services to our members. We are paid generally in the month in which we provide services. Premiums are billed monthly for coverage in the following month and are recognized as revenue in the month for which insurance coverage is provided. We estimate, on an ongoing basis, the amount of member billings that may not be fully collectible or that will be returned based on historical collection experience, retroactive membership adjustments, anticipated or actual, compliance with requirements for certain contracts to expend a minimum percentage of premiums on eligible medical expense, and other factors. An allowance is established for the estimated amount that may not be collectible and a liability is established for premium expected to be returned. Because of the complexities associated with the revenue estimation process, any allowances established or changes in the allowance are treated as changes in estimates and recorded as an adjustment to premium revenue. We routinely monitor the collectibility of specific accounts, the aging of receivables, historical retroactivity trends, as well as prevailing and anticipated economic conditions, and reflect any required adjustments in current operations. Our allowance for uncollectible premium receivables was approximately $16,104 and $16,216 at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Premium payments that we receive are based upon eligibility lists produced by the government. We verify these lists to determine whether we have been paid for the correct premium category and program. From time to time, the states or CMS requires us to reimburse them for premiums that we received based on an eligibility list that a state, CMS or we later discover contains individuals who were not eligible for any government-sponsored program or belong to a different plan other than ours. The verification and subsequent membership changes may result in additional amounts due to us or we may owe premiums back to the government. The amounts receivable or payable identified by us through reconciliation and verification of agency eligibility lists relate to current and prior periods. The amounts receivable from government agencies for reco nciling items were $270 and $64,311 at December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively, and are included in Premium and other receivables on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amounts due to government agencies for reconciling items were $63,289 and $105,143 at December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively, and are included in Other accrued expenses and liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We record adjustments to revenues based on member retroactivity. These adjustments reflect changes in the number and eligibility status of enrollees subsequent to when revenue was billed. We estimate the amount of outstanding retroactivity adjustments each period and adjust premium revenue accordingly; if appropriate, the estimates of retroactivity adjustments are based on historical trends, premiums billed, the volume of member and contract renewal activity and ot her information. Changes in member retroactivity adjustment estimates had a minimal impact on premiums recorded during the periods presented. Our government contracts establish monthly rates per member that may be adjusted based on member demographics such as age, working status or medical history.
Medicaid
Our Medicaid segment generates revenues primarily from premiums received from the states in which we operate health plans. We receive a fixed premium PMPM pursuant to our state contracts. Our Medicaid contracts with state governments are generally multi-year contracts subject to annual renewal provisions. Annual rate changes are recorded when they become effective. We generally receive premium payments during the month in which we provide services and recognize premium revenue during the period in which we are obligated to provide such services to our members. In some instances, our base premiums are subject to risk score adjustments based on the acuity of our membership. In Georgia, Illinois, Missouri, New York and Ohio, we are eligib le to receive supplemental payments for newborns and/or obstetric deliveries. Each state contract is specific as to what is required before payments are generated. Upon delivery of a newborn, each state is notified according to the contract. Revenue is recognized in the period that the delivery occurs and the related services are provided to our members. Additionally, in some states, supplemental payments are received for certain services such as high cost drugs and early childhood prevention screenings. Any amounts that have been earned and have not been received from the state by the end of the period are recorded on our balance sheet as premium receivables. Revenues are recorded based on membership and eligibility data provided by the states, which may be adjusted by the states for any subsequent updates to this data. Historically, these eligibility adjustments have been immaterial in relation to total revenue recorded and are reflected in the period known.
As discussed in Other Payables to Government Partners above, certain of our Medicaid contracts require us to expend a minimum percentage of premiums on eligible medical expense, and to the extent that we expend less than the minimum percentage of the premiums on eligible medical expense, we are required to refund all or some portion of the difference between the minimum and our actual allowable medical expense. We estimate the amounts due to the state as a return of premium each period based on the terms of our contract with the applicable state agency.
Medicare Advantage
The amount of premiums we receive for each MA member is established by contract, although the rates vary according to a combination of factors, including upper payment limits established by CMS, the member’s geographic location, age, gender, medical history or condition, or the services rendered to the member. Our MA contracts with CMS generally have terms of one year. MA premiums are due monthly and are recognized as revenue during the period in which we are obligated to provide services to members.
Risk-Adjusted Premiums
CMS employs a risk-adjustment model to determine the premium amount it pays for each member. This model apportions premiums paid to all MA plans according to the health status of each beneficiary enrolled. As a result, our CMS monthly premium payments per member may change materially, either favorably or unfavorably. The CMS risk-adjustment model pays more for Medicare members with predictably higher costs. Diagnosis data from inpatient and ambulatory treatment settings are used to calculate the risk-adjusted premiums we receive. We collect claims and encounter data and submit the necessary diagnosis data to CMS within prescribed deadlines. After reviewing the respective submissions, CMS establishes the premium payments to MA plans generally at the beginning of the ca lendar year, and then adjusts premium levels on two separate occasions on a retroactive basis. The first retroactive adjustment for a given fiscal year generally occurs during the third quarter of such fiscal year. This initial settlement (the "Initial CMS Settlement") represents the updating of risk scores for the current year based on the severity of claims incurred in the prior fiscal year. CMS then issues a final retroactive risk-adjusted premium settlement for that fiscal year in the following year (the "Final CMS Settlement"). We reassess the estimates of the Initial CMS Settlement and the Final CMS Settlement, at minimum, each reporting period, and any resulting adjustments are made to MA premium revenue.
We develop our estimates for risk-adjusted premiums utilizing historical experience and predictive models as sufficient member risk score data becomes available over the course of each CMS plan year. Our models are populated with available risk score data on our members. Risk premium adjustments are based on member risk score data from the previous year. Risk score data for members who entered our plans during the current plan year, however, is not available for use in our models; therefore, we make assumptions regarding the risk scores of this subset of our member population. All such estimated amounts are periodically updated as additional diagnosis code information is reported to CMS and adjusted to actual amounts when the ultimate adjustment settlements are either received f rom CMS or we receive notification from CMS of such settlement amounts.
As a result of the variability of factors that determine such estimates, including plan risk scores, the actual amount of CMS retroactive payment could be materially more or less than our estimates. Consequently, our estimate of our plans’ risk scores for any period, and any resulting change in our accrual of MA premium revenues related thereto, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Historically, we have not experienced significant differences between the amounts that we have recorded and the revenues that we ultimately receive. The data provided to CMS to determine the risk score is subject to audit by CMS even after the annual settlements occur. These audits may result in the refund of pr emiums to CMS previously received by us. While our experience to date has not resulted in a material refund, this refund could be significant in the future, which would reduce our premium revenue in the year that CMS determines repayment is required.
CMS has performed and continues to perform Risk Adjustment Data Validation (“RADV”) audits of selected MA plans to validate the provider coding practices under the risk adjustment model used to calculate the premium paid for each MA member. Our Florida MA plan was selected by CMS for audit for the 2007 contract year and we anticipate that CMS will conduct additional audits of other plans and contract years on an ongoing basis. The CMS audit process selects a sample of 201 enrollees for medical record review from each contract selected. We have responded to CMS’s audit requests by retrieving and submitting all available medical records and provider attestations to substantiate CMS-sampled diagnosis codes. CMS will use this documentation to calculate a payment er ror rate for our Florida MA plan 2007 premiums. CMS has not indicated a schedule for processing or otherwise responding to the plan's submissions.
CMS has indicated that payment adjustments resulting from its RADV audits will not be limited to risk scores for the specific beneficiaries for which errors are found, but will be extrapolated to the relevant plan population. In late December 2010, CMS issued a draft audit sampling and payment error calculation methodology that it proposes to use in conducting these audits. CMS invited public comment on the proposed audit methodology and announced in early February 2011 that it will revise its proposed approach based on the comments received. CMS has not given a specific timetable for issuing a final version of the audit sampling and payment error calculation methodology. Given that the RADV audit methodology is new and is subject to modification, there is substantial uncertainty as to how it will be applied to MA organizations like our Florida MA plan. At this time, we do not know whether CMS will require retroactive or subsequent payment adjustments to be made using an audit methodology that may not compare the coding of our providers to the coding of original Medicare fee-for-service (“Original Medicare”) and other MA plan providers, or whether any of our other plans will be randomly selected or targeted for a similar audit by CMS. We are also unable to determine whether any conclusions that CMS may make, based on the audit of our plan and others, will cause us to change our revenue estimation process. Because of this lack of clarity from CMS, we are unable to estimate with any reasonable confidence a coding or payment error rate or predict the impact of extrapolating an applicable error rate to our Florida MA plan 2007 premiums. However, it is likely that a payment adjustment will occur as a result of these audits, and that any such adjustment could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows, possibly in 2011 and beyond.
Prescription Drug Plans
As with our traditional MA plans, we provide written bids to CMS for our PDPs, which include the estimated costs of providing prescription drug benefits over the plan year. The payments we receive monthly from CMS are based on our estimated costs for providing prescription drug insurance coverage. We recognize premium revenues for providing this insurance coverage ratably over the term of our contract. Our PDP contract with CMS has a term of one year. The amount of CMS payments relating to PDP coverage is subject to adjustment, positive or negative, based upon the application of risk corridors that compare our prescription drug costs estimated in our bids to CMS to our actual prescription drug costs. For further discussion, see Other Payables to Government Partners above. A dditionally, the risk-adjustment model discussed above is also employed with respect to PDP premiums.
Reinsurance
Certain premiums and medical benefits are ceded to other insurance companies under various reinsurance agreements. The ceded reinsurance agreements provide us with increased capacity to write larger risks and maintain our exposure to loss within our capital resources. We are contingently liable in the event that the reinsurers do not meet their contractual obligations. We evaluate the financial condition of these reinsurers on a regular basis. The reinsurers are well-known and are well-established, as indicated by their strong financial ratings.
Reinsurance premiums and medical expense recoveries are accounted for consistently with the accounting for the underlying contract and other terms of the reinsurance contracts. We had $2,013 and $830 of reinsurance receivables as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. We made premium payments of $1,241, $1,580 and $1,729 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. We had recoveries of $1,223, $821 and $174 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Member Acquisition Costs
Member acquisition costs consist of both internal and external agent commissions, policy issuance and other administrative costs that we incur to acquire new members. Member acquisition costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.
Advertising and Related Marketing Activities
We expense the production costs of advertising and related marketing activities as incurred. Costs of communicating an advertising campaign are expensed in the period the advertising takes place. Advertising and related marketing expense was $7,010, $8,028 and $12,330 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Medicaid Premium Taxes
Certain state agencies place an assessment or tax on Medicaid premiums, which is included in the premium rates established in the Medicaid contracts with each state agency and recorded as a component of revenue, as well as administrative expense, when incurred. Historically, we have reported Medicaid premium taxes as a component of our Selling, general and administrative expense line item in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. However, during the fourth quarter of 2010, we reassessed our reporting practices and accordingly, Medicaid premium taxes are now reported as a separate expense in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
In October 2009, the State of Georgia stopped assessing taxes on Medicaid premiums remitted to us, which resulted in an equal reduction to premium revenues and selling, general and administrative expenses. However, effective July 1, 2010, the State of Georgia began assessing premium taxes again on Medicaid premiums. Therefore, during the last half of 2010, we were assessed and remitted taxes on premiums in Georgia, Hawaii, Missouri, New York and Ohio. Medicaid premium taxes were $56,374, $91,026 and $88,929 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Equity-Based Employee Compensation
We recognize equity-based compensation expense using the fair value provisions as outlined in the authoritative guidance prescribed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). Accordingly, compensation cost for stock options, restricted stock and performance shares is calculated based on the fair value at the time of the grant and is recognized as expense over the vesting period of the instrument.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of unrealized gains and losses, net of income taxes, on investments that are not recorded in the statements of operations but instead are recorded directly to stockholders’ equity.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In February 2010, the FASB issued authoritative guidance related to subsequent events. This standard updates subsequent event guidance, issued in May 2009, requiring reporting entities to provide the date through which subsequent event reviews occurred, which was in conflict with certain requirements with the United States Securities & Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, the update to previously issued subsequent event guidance removes the requirement to disclose a date through which subsequent events have been evaluated. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on our financial statements.
In January 2010, the FASB issued authoritative guidance related to improving disclosures about fair value measurements. This standard requires reporting entities to make new disclosures about recurring or nonrecurring fair-value measurements including significant transfers into and out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements and information on purchases, sales, issuances and settlements on a gross basis in the reconciliation of Level 3 fair value measurements. This standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for Level 3 reconciliation disclosures which are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2010. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on our financial statements.
3. NET (LOSS) INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
We compute basic net (loss) income per common share on the basis of the weighted average number of unrestricted common shares outstanding. Diluted net income per common share is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of unrestricted common shares outstanding plus the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options restricted shares, restricted stock units and performance stock units using the treasury stock method.
The following table presents the calculation of net (loss) income per common share — basic and diluted:
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Numerator: | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income | | $ | (53,400 | ) | | $ | 39,871 | | | $ | (36,833 | ) |
Denominator: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic | | | 42,365,061 | | | | 41,823,497 | | | | 41,396,116 | |
Dilutive effect of: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unvested restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance stock units | | | — | | | | 248,275 | | | | — | |
Stock options | | | — | | | | 78,405 | | | | — | |
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted | | | 42,365,061 | | | | 42,150,777 | | | | 41,396,116 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net (loss) income per common share: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | (1.26 | ) | | $ | 0.95 | | | $ | (0.89 | ) |
Diluted | | $ | (1.26 | ) | | $ | 0.95 | | | $ | (0.89 | ) |
Due to the net loss in the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2008, the assumed exercise of 1,871,567 and 5,443,934 equity awards, respectively, had an anti-dilutive effect and were therefore excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share. For the year ended December 31, 2009, certain options to purchase common stock were not included in the calculation of diluted net income per common share because their exercise prices were greater than the average market price of our common stock for the period and, therefore, the effect would be anti-dilutive. For the year ended December 31, 2009, approximately 648,893 restricted equity awards as well as 1,702,657 options with exercise prices ranging from $19.38 to $91.64 per share were excluded from diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding.
4. MEDICAL BENEFITS PAYABLE
Medical benefits payable includes reserves for claims adjudicated, but not yet paid, an estimate of claims incurred but not reported, reserves for medically-related administrative costs and other liabilities, including estimates for provider settlements due to clarification of contract terms, out-of-network reimbursement, claims payment differences and amounts due to contracted providers under risk-sharing arrangements. The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of medical benefits payable for the following periods:
| | Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
| | | |
Balances as of beginning of period | | $ | 802,515 | | | $ | 766,179 | | | $ | 538,146 | |
Medical benefits incurred related to: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current period | | | 4,652,885 | | | | 5,983,537 | | | | 5,538,262 | |
Prior periods | | | (116,254 | ) | | | (121,080 | ) | | | (8,046 | ) |
Total | | | 4,536,631 | | | | 5,862,457 | | | | 5,530,216 | |
Medical benefits paid related to: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Current period | | | (4,026,336 | ) | | | (5,250,859 | ) | | | (4,848,440 | ) |
Prior periods | | | (569,820 | ) | | | (575,262 | ) | | | (453,743 | ) |
Total | | | (4,596,156 | ) | | | (5,826,121 | ) | | | (5,302,183 | ) |
Balances as of end of period | | $ | 742,990 | | | $ | 802,515 | | | $ | 766,179 | |
Changes in Medical benefits payable estimates are primarily the result of obtaining more complete claims information and medical expense trend data over time. Differences in our financial statements between actual experience and estimates used to establish the liability, which we refer to as prior period developments, are recorded in the period when such differences become known, and have the effect of increasing or decreasing the reported Medical benefits expense and resulting MBR in such periods.
Medical benefits payable recorded at December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 developed favorably by approximately $116,254, $121,080 and $8,046 in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The majority of the prior period development was primarily attributable to the release of the provision for moderately adverse conditions, which is included as part of the assumptions, and favorable variances between actual experience and key assumptions relating to trend factors and completion factors for claims incurred in prior years. The release of the provision for moderately adverse conditions was substantially offset by the provision for moderately adverse conditions established for claims incurred in the succeeding year. Accordingly, the change in the amount of the incurred claims related to prior years in the Medical be nefits payable does not directly correspond to an increase in net income recognized during the period.
We consistently recognize the actuarial best estimate of the ultimate Medical benefits payable within a level of confidence, as required by actuarial standards of practice, which require that the Medical benefits payable be adequate under moderately adverse conditions. As we establish the liability for each year, we ensure that our assumptions appropriately consider moderately adverse conditions. When a portion of the development related to the prior year incurred claims is offset by an increase determined appropriate to address moderately adverse conditions for the current year incurred claims, we do not consider that offset amount as having any impact on net income during the period.
In addition to the release of the provision for moderately adverse conditions, Medical benefits expense for the year ended December 31, 2010, was impacted by approximately $56,185 of net favorable development related to prior years. For the year ended December 31, 2009, Medical benefits expense was impacted by approximately $58,694 of net favorable development related to prior years. A significant portion of the net favorable prior year development in 2010 is associated with the exit of our PFFS product on December 31, 2009. The net amount of prior period developments in the 2009 periods was primarily attributable to pricing assumptions, early durational effect favorability, the volatility associated with our new and small blocks of MA business, which were converted from the loss ratio methodology to the development factor methodology in 2009 (both methodologies are recognized methods for estimating claim reserves in accordance with actuarial standards of practice), the recovery by us of claim overpayments on our PFFS product that exceeded our estimates and better than expected demographic mix of membership. The factors impacting the changes in the determination of Medical benefits payable discussed above were not discernable in advance. The impact became clearer over time as claim payments were processed and more complete claims information was obtained.
5. | GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS |
Goodwill
Changes in the carrying amount of Goodwill by reportable operating segment for years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, were as follows:
| | Medicaid | | | MA | | | Total | |
Balance as of January 1, 2008 | | $ | 111,131 | | | $ | 78,339 | | | $ | 189,470 | |
Goodwill impairment during the year ended 2008 | | | — | | | | (78,339 | ) | | | (78,339 | ) |
Balance as of December 31, 2008 | | | 111,131 | | | | — | | | | 111,131 | |
Change in Goodwill during the year ended 2009 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Balance as of December 31, 2009 | | | 111,131 | | | | — | | | | 111,131 | |
Change in Goodwill during the year ended 2010 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Balance as of December 31, 2010 | | $ | 111,131 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 111,131 | |
Based on the general economic conditions and outlook, we performed an analysis of the underlying valuation of Goodwill at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Based on the valuation performed, we have assessed the book value of Goodwill and believe that such assets have not been impaired as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, Goodwill of $111,131 was solely assigned to the Medicaid reporting unit for each year. In 2008, we determined that the Goodwill associated with our Medicare reporting unit was impaired. The impairment to our Medicare reporting unit was due to, among other things, the anticipated operating environment resulting from regulatory changes and new health care legislation, and the resulting effects on our future membership trends. We recorded Goodwill impairment of $78,339 during the year ended December 31, 2008 included in our Consolidated Statement of Operations, and a corresponding reduction to Goodwill to reflect its fair value on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Other Intangibles
We acquired intangible assets as a result of the acquisitions of our subsidiaries. Intangible assets include provider networks, trademarks, state contracts, licenses and permits.
The following is a summary of acquired intangible assets resulting from business acquisitions as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 as well as the weighted-average amortization periods of those same intangible assets acquired through business acquisitions.
| | Weighted | | | As of December 31, | |
| | Average | | | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
| | Amortization | | | Gross | | | | | | Other | | | Gross | | | | | | Other | |
| | Period | | | Carrying | | | Accumulated | | | Intangibles, | | | Carrying | | | Accumulated | | | Intangibles, | |
| | (In Years) | | | Amount | | | Amortization | | | Net | | | Amount | | | Amortization | | | Net | |
Provider network | | | 11.2 | | | $ | 4,878 | | | $ | (4,172 | ) | | $ | 706 | | | $ | 4,878 | | | $ | (3,909 | ) | | $ | 969 | |
Trademark | | | 15.1 | | | | 10,443 | | | | (5,415 | ) | | | 5,028 | | | | 10,443 | | | | (4,718 | ) | | | 5,725 | |
Licenses and permits | | | 15.0 | | | | 5,270 | | | | (1,806 | ) | | | 3,464 | | | | 5,270 | | | | (1,455 | ) | | | 3,815 | |
State contracts | | | 15.0 | | | | 3,336 | | | | (1,106 | ) | | | 2,230 | | | | 3,336 | | | | (884 | ) | | | 2,452 | |
Total intangibles | | | 10.4 | | | $ | 23,927 | | | $ | (12,499 | ) | | $ | 11,428 | | | $ | 23,927 | | | $ | (10,966 | ) | | $ | 12,961 | |
Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $1,533, $1,532 and $1,793, respectively. Amortization expense expected to be recognized during fiscal years subsequent to December 31, 2010 is as follows:
| | Expected Amortization Expense | |
2011 | | $ | 1,530 | |
2012 | | | 1,410 | |
2013 | | | 1,410 | |
2014 | | | 1,352 | |
2015 | | | 1,271 | |
2016 and thereafter | | | 4,455 | |
| | $ | 11,428 | |
6. INVESTMENTS
Short – term investments
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value of available-for-sale, short-term investments are as follows at December 31, 2010 and 2009.
| | | | | Gross | | | Gross | | | | |
| | Amortized | | | Unrealized | | | Unrealized | | | Estimated | |
| | Cost | | | Gains | | | Losses | | | Fair Value | |
December 31, 2010 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available for sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Certificates of deposit | | $ | 48,323 | | | $ | 3 | | | $ | 4 | | | $ | 48,322 | |
Corporate debt and other securities | | | 36,517 | | | | 2 | | | | 63 | | | | 36,456 | |
Municipal variable rate bonds | | | 24,010 | | | | 3 | | | | 3 | | | | 24,010 | |
| | $ | 108,850 | | | $ | 8 | | | $ | 70 | | | $ | 108,788 | |
December 31, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available for sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Certificates of deposit | | $ | 58,907 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | 58,907 | |
Municipal variable rate bonds | | | 3,815 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 3,815 | |
| | $ | 62,722 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | 62,722 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contractual maturities of available-for-sale short-term investments are as follows:
| | | | | Within | | | 1 Through 5 | | | 5 Through 10 | | | | |
| | Total | | | 1 Year | | | Years | | | Years | | | Thereafter | |
December 31, 2010 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available for sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Certificates of deposit | | $ | 48,322 | | | $ | 48,322 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
Corporate debt and other securities | | | 36,456 | | | | 36,456 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Municipal variable rate bonds | | | 24,010 | | | | 24,010 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
| | $ | 108,788 | | | $ | 108,788 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to the exercise of pre-payment options.
Available-for-sale investments are accounted for using a specific identification basis. During the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, bond investments totaling $51,015 and $4,500, respectively, were sold. There were no realized gains or losses recorded for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008.
Excluding investments in U.S. Treasury securities, we are not exposed to any significant concentration of credit risk in our fixed maturities portfolio.
Long – term investments
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value of available-for-sale long-term investments are as follows at December 31, 2010 and 2009, as summarized below.
| | | | | Gross | | | Gross | | | | |
| | Amortized | | | Unrealized | | | Unrealized | | | Estimated | |
| | Cost | | | Gains | | | Losses | | | Fair Value | |
December 31, 2010 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available for sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Municipal auction rate securities | | $ | 46,150 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 3,905 | | | $ | 42,245 | |
Corporate debt and other securities | | | 11,583 | | | | 12 | | | | 6 | | | | 11,589 | |
Municipal variable rate bonds | | | 5,108 | | | | 2 | | | | 1 | | | | 5,109 | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 4,000 | | | | - | | | | 12 | | | | 3,988 | |
| | $ | 66,841 | | | $ | 14 | | | $ | 3,924 | | | $ | 62,931 | |
December 31, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available for sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Municipal auction rate securities | | $ | 57,000 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 5,290 | | | $ | 51,710 | |
| | $ | 57,000 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 5,290 | | | $ | 51,710 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contractual maturities of available-for-sale long-term investments are as follows:
| | | | | Within | | | 1 Through 5 | | | 5 Through 10 | | | | |
| | Total | | | 1 Year | | | Years | | | Years | | | Thereafter | |
December 31, 2010 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available for sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Municipal auction rate securities | | $ | 42,245 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 6,543 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 35,702 | |
Corporate debt and other securities | | | 11,589 | | | | - | | | | 11,589 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Municipal variable rate bonds | | | 5,109 | | | | - | | | | 5,109 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 3,988 | | | | - | | | | 3,988 | | | | - | | | | - | |
| | $ | 62,931 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 27,229 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 35,702 | |
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities due to the exercise of pre-payment options.
Excluding investments in U.S. Treasury securities, we are not exposed to any significant concentration of credit risk in our fixed maturities portfolio. Our long-term investments included auction rate securities. These notes are issued by various state and local municipal entities for the purpose of financing student loans, public projects and other activities. These notes carry investment grade credit ratings but are believed to be in an inactive market as discussed in Note 8. However, we have not realized any losses associated with selling or redeeming our auction rate securities for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008. There were $3,905 and $5,290 of unrealized losses recorded on our auction rate securities at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
7. RESTRICTED INVESTMENT ASSETS
As a condition for licensure, we are required to maintain certain funds on deposit or pledged to various state agencies and certain of our state contracts require the issuance of surety bonds, which in turn require collateral deposits of cash, cash equivalents or securities. Due to the nature of the states’ requirements, these assets are classified as long-term regardless of their contractual maturity dates. Accordingly, at December 31, 2010 and 2009, the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value of these securities are summarized below.
| | | | | Gross | | | Gross | | | | |
| | Amortized | | | Unrealized | | | Unrealized | | | Estimated | |
| | Cost | | | Gains | | | Losses | | | Fair Value | |
December 31, 2010 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Money market funds | | $ | 54,908 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | 54,908 | |
Cash | | | 27,581 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 27,581 | |
Treasury bills | | | 23,809 | | | | 220 | | | | 2 | | | | 24,027 | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 1,053 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,053 | |
| | $ | 107,351 | | | $ | 220 | | | $ | 2 | | | $ | 107,569 | |
December 31, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Money market funds | | $ | 103,873 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | 103,873 | |
Cash | | | 4,651 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 4,651 | |
Treasury bills | | | 20,756 | | | | 219 | | | | - | | | | 20,975 | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 1,051 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 1,051 | |
| | $ | 130,331 | | | $ | 219 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 130,550 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contractual maturities of available-for-sale restricted investments are as follows:
| | | | | Within | | | 1 Through 5 | | | 5 Through 10 | | | | |
| | Total | | | 1 Year | | | Years | | | Years | | | Thereafter | |
December 31, 2010 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Money market funds | | $ | 54,908 | | | $ | 54,908 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
Cash | | | 27,581 | | | | 27,581 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
Treasury bills | | | 24,027 | | | | 22,576 | | | | 814 | | | | 637 | | | | - | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 1,053 | | | | 1,053 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | - | |
| | $ | 107,569 | | | $ | 106,118 | | | $ | 814 | | | $ | 637 | | | $ | - | |
No realized gains or losses were recorded on restricted investments for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, or 2008.
8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Our Consolidated Balance Sheets include the following financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents, receivables, investments, accounts payable and amounts accrued related to the investigation resolution discussed in Note 11 to these Consolidated Financial Statements. The carrying amounts of current assets and liabilities approximate their fair value because of the relatively short period of time between the origination of these instruments and their expected realization.
We adopted fair value accounting guidance for our financial assets and financial liabilities as of January 1, 2008. This standard defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:
Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including:
| • | Quoted prices for similar assets/liabilities in active markets; |
| • | Quoted prices for identical or similar assets in non-active markets (few transactions, limited information, non-current prices, high variability over time); |
| • | Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset/liability (e.g., interest rates, yield curves, volatilities, default rates, etc.); and |
| • | Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by other observable market data. |
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data.
Our long-term investments include $46,150 and $57,000, at par value, of auction rate securities as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Liquidity for these auction rate securities is typically provided by an auction process which allows holders to sell their notes and resets the applicable interest rate at pre-determined intervals, usually every seven, 14, 28 or 35 days. Auctions for these auction rate securities continued to fail during the twelve months ended December 31, 2010. An auction failure means that the parties wishing to sell their securities could not be matched with an adequate volume of buyers. As a result, our ability to liquidate and fully recover the carrying value of our remaining auction rate securities in the near term may be limited or non-existent. However, when there is a failed auction, the indenture go verning the security requires the issuer to pay interest at a contractually defined rate that is generally above market rates for other types of similar instruments. We continue to receive interest payments on the auction rate securities we hold. Based on our analysis of anticipated cash flows, we have determined that it is more likely than not that we will be able to hold these securities until maturity or until market stability is restored. Additionally, there are government guarantees or municipal bond insurance in place and we have the ability and the present intent to hold these securities until maturity or market stability is restored. Accordingly, we do not believe our auction rate securities are impaired and as a result, we have not recorded any impairment losses for our auction rate securities. However, as these securities are believed to be in an inactive market, we have estimated the fair value of these securities using a discounted cash flow model and update these estimates on a quarte rly basis. Our analysis considered, among other things, the collateralization underlying the securities, the creditworthiness of the counterparty, the timing of expected future cash flows and the capital adequacy and expected cash flows of the subsidiaries that hold the securities. The estimated values of these securities were also compared, when possible, to valuation data with respect to similar securities held by other parties.
Our assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis subject to the disclosure requirements of fair value accounting guidance were as follows:
| | | | | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2010: | |
| | December 31, | | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets | | | Significant Other Observable Inputs | | | | |
Description | | 2010 | | | (Level 1) | | | (Level 2) | | | (Level 3) | |
Investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Certificates of deposit | | $ | 52,309 | | | $ | 52,309 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
Corporate debt and other securities | | | 48,045 | | | | 48,045 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Auction rate securities | | | 42,245 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 42,245 | |
Other municipal variable rate bonds | | | 29,120 | | | | 29,120 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Total investments | | $ | 171,719 | | | $ | 129,474 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 42,245 | |
Restricted investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Money market funds | | $ | 54,908 | | | $ | 54,908 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 27,581 | | | | 27,581 | | | | - | | | | - | |
U.S. Government securities | | | 24,027 | | | | 24,027 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 1,053 | | | | 1,053 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Total restricted investments | | $ | 107,569 | | | $ | 107,569 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amounts accrued related to investigation resolution(1) | | $ | 337,542 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 337,542 | | | $ | - | |
| | | | | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2009: | |
| | | | | Quoted Prices in | | | | | | Significant | |
| | | | | Active Markets for | | | Significant Other | | | Unobservable | |
| | December 31, | | | Identical Assets | | | Observable Inputs | | | Inputs | |
Description | | 2009 | | | (Level 1) | | | (Level 2) | | | (Level 3) | |
Investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Certificates of deposit | | $ | 58,907 | | | $ | 58,907 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
Auction rate securities | | | 51,710 | | | | - | | | | - | | | | 51,710 | |
Other municipal variable rate bonds | | | 3,815 | | | | 3,815 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Total investments | | $ | 114,432 | | | $ | 62,722 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 51,710 | |
Restricted investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Available-for-sale securities | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Money market funds | | $ | 103,873 | | | $ | 103,873 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 4,651 | | | | 4,651 | | | | - | | | | - | |
U.S. Government securities | | | 20,975 | | | | 20,975 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 1,051 | | | | 1,051 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Total restricted investments | | $ | 130,550 | | | $ | 130,550 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Amounts accrued related to investigation resolution(1) | | $ | 58,397 | | | $ | - | | | $ | 58,397 | | | $ | - | |
____________
| (1) These amounts are included in the short- and long-term portions of amounts accrued related to investigation resolution line items in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2010 and 2009. |
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument:
Certificates of Deposit. For certificates of deposit with maturities of less than twelve months, the carrying value approximates fair value. For certificates of deposit with maturities greater than twelve months, the fair value is estimated by using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered by securities with identical terms and maturities.
Corporate Debt and Other Securities. Consists of a mutual fund, corporate bonds, commercial paper and asset backed securities, which are designated as available-for-sale and reported at fair value based on market prices that are readily available (Level 1).
Auction Rate Securities. All auction rate securities are held as available-for-sale investments. As these securities are believed to be in an inactive market, the fair values of these securities were estimated using discounted cash flow analysis as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Our analysis considered, among other things, the collateralization underlying the securities, the creditworthiness of the counterparty, the timing of expected future cash flows, and the capital adequacy and expected cash flows of the subsidiaries that hold these securities. The estimated values of these securities were also compared, when possible, to valuation data with respect to similar securities held by other parties. These fair values are based on an approach that relies heavily on man agement assumptions and qualitative observations and are therefore fall within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Other Municipal Variable Rate Bonds. The estimated fair values of U.S. Government securities held as available-for-sale are based on quoted market prices and/or other market data for the same or comparable instruments and transactions in establishing the prices.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value, as maturities are less than three months.
U.S. Government Securities. The estimated fair values of U.S. Government securities held as available-for-sale are based on quoted market prices and/or other market data for the same or comparable instruments and transactions in establishing the prices.
Money Market Funds. The carrying value of money market funds approximates fair value, as maturities are less than three months.
The following tables present our auction rate securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (i.e., Level 3 data):
| Fair Value Measurements Using Significant |
| Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
| 2010 | | 2009 |
Beginning balance at January 1 | $ 51,710 | | $ 54,972 |
Realized gains (losses) in earnings (or changes in net assets) | - | | - |
Unrealized gains (losses) in other comprehensive income(a) | 1,385 | | 1,138 |
Purchases, issuances and settlements | - | | - |
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3(b) | (10,850) | | (4,400) |
Ending balance at December 31 | $ 42,245 | | $ 51,710 |
| | | |
(a) | As a result of the increase in the fair value of our investments in auction rate securities, we recorded a net unrealized gain of $1,385 and $1,138 to Accumulated other comprehensive loss during 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increase in unrealized gain was driven by stabilization and improvement within the municipal bond market. |
(b) | Auction rate securities in the amount of $6,300 and $4,550 were redeemed by the issuer at par in March and May 2010, respectively. A $4,400 auction rate security tranche was redeemed by the issuer at par in February 2009. Accordingly, we recorded adjustments to the fair market valuation of the issuer’s auction rate securities during 2010 and 2009. |
9. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment is summarized as follows:
| | December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
Leasehold improvements | | $ | 16,481 | | | $ | 16,534 | |
Computer equipment and software | | | 125,877 | | | | 92,931 | |
Furniture and equipment | | | 21,111 | | | | 24,457 | |
| | | 163,469 | | | | 133,922 | |
Less accumulated depreciation | | | (86,644 | ) | | | (72,137 | ) |
| | $ | 76,825 | | | $ | 61,785 | |
We recognized depreciation expense on property and equipment of $22,413, $21,804, $19,531 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively. We had $2,354 and $923 of non-cash property, equipment and capitalized software additions at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
10. DEBT
We entered into a credit agreement on May 12, 2010, which was subsequently amended on May 25, 2010 (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a $65,000 committed revolving credit facility that expires on November 12, 2011. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement may be used for general corporate purposes.
The Credit Agreement is guaranteed by us and our subsidiaries, other than our HMO and insurance subsidiaries. In addition, the Credit Agreement is secured by first priority liens on our personal property and the personal property of our subsidiaries, other than the personal property and equity interests of our HMO and insurance subsidiaries.
Borrowings designated by us as Alternate Base Rate borrowings bear interest at a rate per annum equal to (i) the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) in effect on such day; (b) the Federal Funds Effective Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) in effect on such day plus 1/2 of 1%; and (c) the Adjusted LIBO Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for a one month interest period on such day plus 1%; plus (ii) 1.5%. Borrowings designated by us as Eurodollar borrowings bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted LIBO Rate for the interest period in effect for such borrowing plus 2.5%.
The Credit Agreement includes negative covenants that limit certain of our activities, including restrictions on our ability to incur additional indebtedness, and financial covenants that require a minimum ratio of cash flow to total debt, a maximum ratio of total liabilities to consolidated net worth and a minimum level of statutory net worth for our HMO and insurance subsidiaries.
The Credit Agreement also contains customary representations and warranties that must be accurate in order for us to borrow under the Credit Agreement. In addition, the Credit Agreement contains customary events of default. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, we may be required to immediately repay all amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement, and the commitments under the Credit Agreement may be terminated.
As of December 31, 2010, the credit facility has not been drawn upon and we remain in compliance with all covenants.
11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Government Investigations
Deferred Prosecution Agreement. As previously disclosed, in May 2009, we entered into a Deferred Prosecution Agreement (the “DPA”) with the United States Attorney’s Office for the Middle District of Florida (the “USAO”) and the Florida Attorney General’s Office, resolving previously disclosed investigations by those offices.
Under the one-count criminal information (the “Information”) filed with the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (the “Federal Court”) by the USAO pursuant to the DPA, we were charged with one count of conspiracy to commit health care fraud against the Florida Medicaid Program in connection with reporting of expenditures under certain community behavioral health contracts, and against the Florida Healthy Kids programs, under certain contracts, in violation of 18 U.S.C. Section 1349. The USAO recommended to the Court that the prosecution be deferred for the duration of the DPA. Within five days of the expiration of the DPA the USAO will seek dismissal with prejudice of the Information, provided we have complied with the DPA.
The term of the DPA is thirty-six months, but such term may be reduced by the USAO to twenty-four months upon consideration of certain factors set forth in the DPA, including our continued remedial actions and compliance with all federal and state health care laws and regulations.
In accordance with the DPA, the USAO has filed, with the Federal Court, a statement of facts relating to this matter. As a part of the DPA, we retained an independent monitor (the “Monitor”) for a period of 18 months from August 19, 2009 to February 18, 2011. The Monitor was selected by the USAO after consultation with us and is retained at our expense. In addition, we agreed to continue undertaking remedial measures to ensure full compliance with all federal and state health care laws. Among other things, the Monitor reviewed and evaluated our compliance with the DPA and all applicable federal and state health care laws, regulations and programs. The Monitor also has reviewed, evaluated and, as necessary, made written recommendations concerning certain of our policies and procedures. Consistent with th e DPA, the Monitor has undertaken to avoid the disruption of our ordinary business operations or the imposition of unnecessary costs or expenses.
The DPA does not, nor should it be construed to, operate as a settlement or release of any civil or administrative claims for monetary, injunctive or other relief against us, whether under federal, state or local statutes, regulations or common law. Furthermore, the DPA does not operate, nor should it be construed, as a concession that we are entitled to any limitation of our potential federal, state or local civil or administrative liability. Pursuant to the terms of the DPA, we have paid the USAO a total of $80,000.
United States Securities & Exchange Commission. In May 2009, we resolved the previously disclosed investigation by the SEC. Under the terms of the Consent and Final Judgment, without admitting or denying the allegations in the complaint filed by the SEC, we consented to the entry of a permanent injunction against any future violations of certain specified provisions of the federal securities laws. Pursuant to the terms of the Consent and Final Judgment, we paid the SEC a total of $10,000.
Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice. In October 2008, the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice (the “Civil Division”) informed us that as part of the pending civil inquiry, it was investigating four qui tam complaints filed by relators against us under the whistleblower provisions of the False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. sections 3729-3733. The seal in those cases was partially lifted for the purpose of authorizing the Civil Division to disclose to us the existence of the qui tam complaints. In May 2010, as part of the ongoing resolution discussions with the Civil Division, we were pr ovided with a copy of the qui tam complaints, in response to our request, which otherwise remained under seal as required by 31 U.S.C. section 3730(b)(3).
As previously disclosed, we also learned from a docket search that a former employee filed a qui tam action on October 25, 2007 in state court for Leon County, Florida against several defendants, including us and one of our subsidiaries (the "Leon County qui tam suit"). As part of our discussions to resolve pending qui tam and related civil investigations discussed above, we were informed that the Leon County qui tam suit was filed by one of the federal qui tam relators and contains allegations similar to those alleged in one of the recently unsealed qui tam complaints.
On June 24, 2010, (i) the United States government filed its Notice of Election to Intervene in three of the qui tam matters, and (ii) we announced that we reached a preliminary agreement (the “Preliminary Settlement”) with the Civil Division, the Civil Division of the USAO, and the Civil Division of the United States Attorney’s Office for the District of Connecticut to settle their pending inquiries. On June 25, 2010, the Federal Court lifted the seal in the three qui tam complaints in which the government had intervened. Those complaints are now publicly available. A temporary stay of discovery has been granted in the three qui tam matters until M ay 2, 2011.
The Preliminary Settlement is subject to completion and approval of an executed written settlement agreement and other government approvals. Following execution and government approvals, if any party objects to the settlement, the Federal Court will conduct a hearing to determine whether the proposed settlement is fair, adequate and reasonable under all the circumstances. Under the Preliminary Settlement, we would, among other things, agree to pay the Civil Division a total of $137,500 (the “Settlement Amount”), for which the first installment will be due after a written settlement agreement has been executed and three subsequent installments will be paid over a period of up to 36 months after the date of that executed written settlement agreement (the “Payment Period”) plus interest at the rate of 3.125% per y ear. The Preliminary Settlement includes an acceleration clause that would require immediate payment of the remaining balance of the Settlement Amount in the event that we were acquired or otherwise experienced a change in control during the Payment Period. In addition, the Preliminary Settlement provides for a contingent payment of an additional $35,000 in the event that we are acquired or otherwise experience a change in control within three years of the execution of the settlement agreement and provided that the change in control transaction exceeds certain minimum transaction value thresholds to be specified in the settlement agreement. We expect that the final settlement agreement will provide that the Settlement Amount will account for approximately $22,938 owed to the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration (“AHCA”) as a result of overpayments received by us from AHCA during the three month period of August 2005 through October 2005. These overpayments were the result of a change imp lemented by AHCA in the payment methodology relating to medical benefits for newborns.
We have discounted the total liability of $137,500 for the resolution of these matters and accrued this amount at its estimated fair value, which amounted to approximately $135,639 at December 31, 2010. Approximately $59,121 was recorded in 2010 to increase the amount we had previously recorded in prior years to reflect our current estimate, of which $54,682 was accrued during the 2010 second quarter. Approximately $31,868 and $103,771 has been included in the current and long-term portions, respectively, of Amounts accrued related to the investigation resolution in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2010. During the fourth quarter of 2010, we accrued an additional $5,000 f or estimated qui tam relators attorneys’ fees to be paid in addition to the Settlement Amount. There can be no assurance that the Preliminary Settlement will be finalized and approved and the actual outcome of these matters may differ materially from the terms of the Preliminary Settlement.
United States Department of Health and Human Services. As previously disclosed, we remain engaged in resolution discussions as to matters under review with the United States Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Inspector General (the “OIG”). Those discussions are ongoing and no final resolution has been reached.
Class Action Complaints
Putative class action complaints were filed in October 2007 and in November 2007. These putative class actions, entitled Eastwood Enterprises, L.L.C. v. Farha, et al. and Hutton v. WellCare Health Plans, Inc. et al., respectively, were filed in Federal Court against us, Todd Farha, our former chairman and chief executive officer, and Paul Behrens, our former senior vice president and chief financial officer. Messrs. Farha and Behrens were also officers of various subsidiaries of ours. The Eastwood Enterprises complaint alleged that the defendants materially misstated our reported financial condition by, among other things, purportedly overstating revenue and understating expenses in amounts unspecified in the pleading in violation of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). The Hutton complaint alleged that various public statements supposedly issued by the defendants were materially misleading because they failed to disclose that we were purportedly operating our business in a potentially illegal and improper manner in violation of applicable federal guidelines and regulations. The complaint asserted claims under the Exchange Act. Both complaints sought, among other things, certification as a class action and damages. The two actions were consolidated, and various parties and law firms filed motions seeking to be designated as Lead Plaintiff and Lead Counsel. In an Order issued in March 2008, the Federal Court appointed a group of five public pension funds from New Mexico, Louisiana and Chicago (the “Public Pension Fund Group”) as Lead Plaintiffs. In October 2008, an amended consolidated complaint was filed in this class action asserting claims against us, Messrs. Farha and Behrens, and adding Thaddeus Bereday, our former senior vice president and general counsel, as a defendant.
In January 2009, we and certain other defendants filed a joint motion to dismiss the amended consolidated complaint, arguing, among other things, that the complaint failed to allege a material misstatement by defendants with respect to our compliance with marketing and other health care regulations and failed to plead facts raising a strong inference of scienter with respect to all aspects of the purported fraud claim. The Federal Court denied the motion in September 2009 and we and the other defendants filed our answer to the amended consolidated complaint in November 2009. In April 2010, the Lead Plaintiffs filed their motion for class certification. On June 18, 2010, the USAO filed motions seeking to intervene and for a temporary stay of discovery of this matter. Discovery has been stayed through March 17, 2011.
In August 2010, we reached agreement with the Lead Plaintiffs on the material terms of a settlement to resolve these matters. In December 2010, the terms of the settlement were documented in a formal settlement agreement that is subject to approval by the Federal Court following notice to all class members. On February 9, 2011, the Federal Court entered an order preliminarily approving the settlement and scheduled the final Settlement hearing for May 4, 2011. The settlement provides that we will make cash payments to the class of $52,500 within thirty business days following the Federal Court’s preliminary approval of the settlement and $35,000 by July 31, 2011. The settlement also provides that we will issue to the class tradable unsecured subordinated bonds having an aggregate face value of $112,500, with a fixed coupon of 6% and a maturity date of December 31, 2016. The bonds shall also provide that, if we incur debt obligations in excess of $425,000 that are senior to the bonds, the holders of the bonds have the right to accelerate payment of the bonds. We will have the right to redeem the bonds at 102% of face value during the first year and at 100% of face value thereafter. The settlement has two further contingencies. First, it provides that if, within three years following the date of the settlement agreement, the Company is acquired or otherwise experiences a change in control at a share price of $30.00 or more, we will pay to the class an additional $25,000. Second, the settlement provides that we will pay to the class 25% of any sums we recover from Messrs. Farha, Behrens and/or Bereday as a result of claims arising from the same facts and circumstances that gave rise to this matter. We may terminate the settlement if a certain number or pe rcentage of the class opt out of the settlement class. The settlement agreement also provides that the settlement does not constitute an admission of liability by any party and such other terms as are customarily contained in settlement agreements of similar matters.
As a result of this settlement having been reached, our current estimate for the resolution of this matter is $200,000. We have discounted the $200,000 liability for the resolution of this matter and accrued this amount at its estimated fair value, which amounted to approximately $196,903 at December 31, 2010. Approximately $84,538 and $112,365 have been included in the current and long-term portions, respectively, of Amounts accrued related to investigation resolution in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2010.
There can be no assurance that the settlement will be approved by the Federal Court and the actual outcome of this matter may differ materially from the terms of the settlement.
Derivative Lawsuits
As previously disclosed, in connection with our government investigations, five putative stockholder derivative actions were filed between October and November 2007. Four of these actions were asserted against directors Kevin Hickey and Christian Michalik, our current directors who were directors prior to 2007, and against former directors Regina Herzlinger, Alif Hourani, Ruben King-Shaw and Neal Moszkowski, and former director and officer Todd Farha. These actions also named us as a nominal defendant. Two of these actions were filed in the Federal Court and two actions were filed in the Circuit Court for Hillsborough County, Florida (the “State Court”). The fifth action, filed in the Federal Court, asserts claims against directors Robert Graham, Kevin Hickey and Christian Michalik, our current director s who were directors at the time the action was filed, and against former directors Regina Herzlinger, Alif Hourani, Ruben King-Shaw and Neal Moszkowski, former director and officer Todd Farha, and former officers Paul Behrens and Thaddeus Bereday. A sixth derivative action was filed in January 2008 in the Federal Court and asserted claims against all of these defendants except Robert Graham. All six of these actions contended, among other things, that the defendants allegedly allowed or caused us to misrepresent our reported financial results, in amounts unspecified in the pleadings, and seek damages and equitable relief for, among other things, the defendants’ supposed breach of fiduciary duty, waste and unjust enrichment. In April 2009, upon the recommendation of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board, the Board formed a Special Litigation Committee, comprised of a newly-appointed independent director, to investigate the facts and circumstances underlying the c laims asserted in the derivative cases and to take such action with respect to these claims as the Special Litigation Committee determines to be in our best interests. In November 2009, the Special Litigation Committee filed a report with the Federal Court determining, among other things, that we should pursue an action against three of our former officers. In December 2009, the Special Litigation Committee filed a motion to dismiss the claims against the director defendants and to realign us as a plaintiff for purposes of pursuing claims against former officers Messrs. Farha, Behrens and Bereday.
In March 2010, a Stipulation of Partial Settlement (“Stipulation I”) was filed in the Federal Court. Under the terms of Stipulation I, the plaintiffs in the federal action agreed that the Special Litigation Committee's motion to dismiss the director defendants and to realign us as a plaintiff should be granted in its entirety. The plaintiffs in the consolidated federal putative stockholder derivative action also agreed to dismiss their claims against Messrs. Farha, Behrens and Bereday. In turn, we paid to plaintiffs' counsel in the federal action attorneys' fees in the amount of $1,688. In April 2010, the Federal Court entered an order preliminarily approving Stipulation I and directing us to provide notice to our stockho lders. The Federal Court also approved Stipulation I and granted our motion to dismiss the director defendants and realigned us as the plaintiff in this action in July 2010. The case is now styled WellCare v. Farha, et al. The Federal Court stayed discovery through March 17, 2011. In August 2010, Messrs. Farha, Behrens and Bereday filed a notice of appeal in the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (the "Court of Appeals"), which is pending.
In April 2010, a second Stipulation of Partial Settlement (“Stipulation II”) was filed in the State Court. Under the terms of Stipulation II, the plaintiffs in the state action agreed that the Special Litigation Committee’s motion to dismiss the director defendants and to realign us as a plaintiff should be granted in its entirety. In turn, we paid to plaintiffs’ counsel in the state action attorneys’ fees in the amount of $563. The State Court approved Stipulation II and granted our motion to dismiss the director defendants and realigned us as the plaintiff in this action in June 2010. In July 2010, Mr. Farha filed a notice of appeal in this matter, which remains pending.
In October 2010, we filed a motion for leave to file an amended complaint against Mr. Farha in the State Court action and a new lawsuit in Federal Court against Messrs. Behrens and Bereday, stating claims for breach of contract and breach of their fiduciary duties.
Other Lawsuits and Claims
In October 2009, an action was filed against us in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware ("Court of Chancery") entitled Behrens, et al. v. WellCare Health Plans, Inc. in which the plaintiffs, Messrs. Behrens, Bereday, and Farha, seek an order requiring us to pay their respective expenses, including attorney fees, in connection with litigation and investigations in which the plaintiffs are involved by reason of their service as our directors and officers. Plaintiffs further challenge our right, prior to advancing such expenses, to first submit their expense invoices to our directors’ and officers’ insurance carrier for their preliminary review and evaluation of the adequacy of the description of services in the invoices and of the reasonableness of those expenses. We have reached an agreement to resolve this matter and will continue to pay their respective expenses, including attorney fees, under certain terms, in connection with the investigations and litigation. Pursuant to the terms of this agreement, in September 2010, the Court of Chancery entered a partial consent judgment and order which governs the terms under which we must continue to pay Messrs. Behrens, Bereday and Farha's respective expenses.
Separate and apart from the legal matters described above, we are also involved in other legal actions that are in the normal course of our business, including, without limitation, provider disputes regarding payment of claims and disputes relating to the performance of contractual obligations with state agencies, some of which seek monetary damages, including claims for punitive damages, which are not covered by insurance. We currently believe that none of these actions, when finally concluded and determined, will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Directors and Officers Insurance Recovery
In August 2010, we entered into an agreement and release with the carriers of our directors and officers (“D&O”) liability insurance relating to coverage we sought for claims relating to the previously disclosed government investigations and related litigation. We agreed to accept immediate payment of $32,500, of which $6,700 was previously received by us under the policy and recorded in prior years, in satisfaction of the $45,000 face amount of the relevant D&O insurance policies and the carriers agreed to waive any rights they may have to challenge our coverage under the policies. The agreement and release did not include a $10,000 face amount policy we maintain for non-indemnifiable securities claims by directors and officers during the same time period and such policy is not affected by the agreement and release. Accordingly, we recorded $25,800 during the year ended December 31, 2010, of expected insurance proceeds as a reduction to Selling, general and administrative expenses. No additional recoveries with respect to such matters are expected under our insurance policies and all expenses incurred by us in the future for these matters will not be further reimbursed by our insurance policies.
We have operating leases for office space. Rental expense totaled $17,312, $18,159 and $17,994 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year at December 31, 2010 were:
| | Minimum Lease Payments | |
2011 | | $ | 15,241 | |
2012 | | | 14,286 | |
2013 | | | 12,403 | |
2014 | | | 10,648 | |
2015 | | | 7,636 | |
2016 and thereafter | | | 6,050 | |
| | $ | 66,264 | |
12. INCOME TAXES
We and our subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. In addition, we and our subsidiaries file separate state franchise, income and premium tax returns as applicable.
The following table provides components of income tax (benefit) expense for the following periods:
| | For the year ending December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Current: | | | | | | | | | |
Federal | | $ | 44,389 | | | $ | 45,567 | | | $ | 39,989 | |
State | | | 4,116 | | | | 8,611 | | | | 8,932 | |
| | | 48,505 | | | | 54,178 | | | | 48,921 | |
Deferred: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal | | | (61,742 | ) | | | (885 | ) | | | (57,794 | ) |
State | | | (6,212 | ) | | | (144 | ) | | | (7,464 | ) |
| | | (67,954 | ) | | | (1,029 | ) | | | (65,258 | ) |
Total | | $ | (19,449 | ) | | $ | 53,149 | | | $ | (16,337 | ) |
A reconciliation of income tax at the effective rate to income tax at the statutory federal rate of 35% is as follows:
| | For the year ending December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Income tax expense (benefit) at statutory federal rate | | $ | (25,497 | ) | | $ | 32,557 | | | $ | (18,610 | ) |
Increase (reduction) resulting from: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
State income tax, net of federal benefit | | | (3,785 | ) | | | 6,286 | | | | (2,241 | ) |
Provision-to-return differences | | | 893 | | | | (4,663 | ) | | | - | |
Non-deductible executive compensation | | | 2,079 | | | | 802 | | | | 2,805 | |
Non-deductible amounts related to investigation resolution | | | 5,703 | | | | 19,584 | | | | - | |
Interest on unrecognized tax benefits | | | (91 | ) | | | (1,081 | ) | | | 1,604 | |
Other, net | | | 1,249 | | | | (336 | ) | | | 105 | |
Total income tax (benefit) expense | | $ | (19,449 | ) | | $ | 53,149 | | | $ | (16,337 | ) |
Our effective income tax rate on pre-tax loss was 26.7% for the year ended December 31, 2010, compared to 57.1% on pre-tax income for the year ended December 31, 2009. Our effective income tax rate in both years differed from the statutory tax rate primarily due to limitations on the deductibility of certain administrative expenses associated with the resolution of investigation-related matters as well as certain executive compensation costs.
The significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
| | As of December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
Deferred tax assets: | | | | | | |
Medical and other benefits discounting | | $ | 14,237 | | | $ | 15,775 | |
Unearned premium discounting | | | 5,188 | | | | 8,487 | |
Tax basis assets | | | 6,679 | | | | 6,245 | |
Unrecognized tax benefits | | | - | | | | 10,909 | |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | | | 2,940 | | | | 2,967 | |
Accrued expenses related to investigation resolution | | | 95,340 | | | | - | |
Accrued expenses and other | | | 24,499 | | | | 32,597 | |
| | | 148,883 | | | | 76,980 | |
Deferred tax liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Goodwill, other intangibles and other | | | 5,146 | | | | 1,128 | |
Software development costs | | | 21,528 | | | | 15,873 | |
Prepaid assets | | | 2,477 | | | | 1,451 | |
| | | 29,151 | | | | 18,452 | |
Net deferred tax asset | | $ | 119,732 | | | $ | 58,528 | |
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009:
| | As of December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
Current assets | | | 61,392 | | | | 28,874 | |
Non-current assets | | | 58,340 | | | | 29,654 | |
Net deferred tax asset | | $ | 119,732 | | | $ | 58,528 | |
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
Gross unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of period | | $ | 12,002 | | | $ | 26,647 | |
Gross increases: | | | | | | | | |
Prior year tax positions | | | 331 | | | | 2,731 | |
Current year tax positions | | | - | | | | - | |
Gross decreases: | | | | | | | | |
Prior year settlements | | | - | | | | (7,099 | ) |
Prior year tax positions | | | (8,963 | ) | | | (10,277 | ) |
Statute of limitations lapses | | | - | | | | - | |
Gross unrecognized tax benefits, end of period | | $ | 3,370 | | | $ | 12,002 | |
We believe it is reasonably possible that our liability for unrecognized tax benefits will not significantly increase or decrease in the next twelve months as a result of audit settlements and the expiration of statutes of limitations in certain major jurisdictions.
We classify interest and penalties associated with uncertain income tax positions as income taxes within our Consolidated Financial Statements. We have reclassified deferred taxes on uncertain tax positions from Other assets to non-current Deferred income tax assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2009 to conform to our current year presentation. During the year ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, we recognized interest benefit of $91 and $1,081, respectively. No amount was accrued for penalties for the year end December 31, 2010 and 2009. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate was $1,093.
We file our income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service recently completed its "limited scope" examination of our federal income tax return for the 2008 tax year with no material adjustments to our tax return. We are still undergoing state examinations for the 2004-2007 tax years in which disputes with state taxing authorities have yet to be resolved. We currently believe that none of these disputes, when finally concluded, will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
13. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Graham Companies
We lease office space from The Graham Companies, in which a member of the Board of Directors and his immediate family has a 23% ownership interest. In 2010, 2009 and 2008, we paid $139, $361 and $359 in rental expense to The Graham Companies, respectively.
All-Med
We conduct business with All-Med Services of Florida, Inc. (“All-Med”) pursuant to which All-Med provides medical supplies and medical services to a portion of our membership base. A former member of our Board of Directors has been the Chief Executive Officer of All-Med since August 2008. This board member relinquished his position with us in 2009 and therefore any business services we have purchased from All-Med during 2010 are not identified as a related party transaction. In 2009 and 2008, we purchased $6,912 and $6,853, respectively, of services in the aggregate from All-Med.
DaVita
We conduct business with DaVita, Inc. (“DaVita”) pursuant to which DaVita provides medical services to a portion of our member base. The Chairman of our Board of Directors is also a member of DaVita’s board of directors. In 2010, 2009 and 2008, we purchased $3,139, $3,511 and $5,300, respectively, of services in the aggregate from DaVita.
14. REGULATORY CAPITAL AND DIVIDEND RESTRICTIONS
State insurance laws and regulations prescribe accounting practices for determining statutory net income and capital and surplus. Each of our HMO and insurance subsidiaries must maintain a minimum amount of statutory capital determined by statute or regulation. The minimum statutory capital requirements differ by state and are generally based on a percentage of annualized premium revenue, a percentage of annualized health care costs, a percentage of certain liabilities, a statutory minimum, risk-based capital (“RBC”) requirements or other financial ratios. The RBC requirements are based on guidelines established by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”), and have been adopted by most states. As of December 31, 2010, our HMO operations in Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Missouri, New Jersey, Ohio and Texas as well as three of our insurance company subsidiaries were subject to RBC requirements. The RBC requirements may be modified as each state legislature deems appropriate for that state. The RBC formula, based on asset risk, underwriting risk, credit risk, business risk and other factors, generates the authorized control level (“ACL”), which represents the amount of capital required to support the regulated entity’s business. For states in which the RBC requirements have been adopted, the regulated entity typically must maintain a minimum of the greater of 200% the required ACL or the minimum statutory net worth requirement calculated pursuant to pre-RBC guidelines. Our subsidiaries operating in Texas, Georgia and Ohio are required to maintain statutory capital at RBC levels equal to 225%, 250% and 300%, respectively, of the applicable ACL. Failure to maintain these requirements would trigger regulatory action by the state. At December 31, 2010, our HMO a nd insurance subsidiaries were in compliance with these minimum capital requirements. The combined statutory capital and surplus of our HMO and insurance subsidiaries was approximately $695,000 and $619,000 at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, compared to the required surplus of approximately $300,000 and $370,000 at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
In addition to the foregoing requirements, our regulated subsidiaries are subject to restrictions on their ability to make dividend payments, loans and other transfers of cash. Dividend restrictions vary by state, but the maximum amount of dividends which can be paid without prior approval from the applicable state is subject to restrictions relating to statutory capital, surplus and net income for the previous year. States may disapprove any dividend that, together with other dividends paid by a subsidiary in the prior twelve months, exceeds the regulatory maximum as computed for the subsidiary based on its statutory surplus and net income. During 2010, we received $45,700 in dividends from our regulated subsidiaries, which increased our unregulated cash. During 2009, three of our regulated subsidiaries declared and paid dividends to one of our non-regulated subsidiaries in the aggregate amount of $44,400. On December 31, 2008, three of our regulated subsidiaries declared dividends to one of our non-regulated subsidiaries in the aggregate amount of $105,100, of which two dividends were paid in December 2008 and one dividend which was paid in January 2009.
15. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
401(k) Plan
We offer a defined contribution 401(k) plan. Eligible employees of the Company and its subsidiaries may elect to participate in this plan. Participants may contribute a certain percentage of their compensation subject to maximum Federal and plan limits. During the second quarter of 2009, as a part of a cost reduction initiative, we discontinued providing matching contributions. We resumed our matching contribution to the defined contribution 401(k) plan in January 2010. The amount of matching contribution expense incurred in the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $3,247, $877 and $3,592, respectively.
Long-term Incentive Program
Certain of our senior level employees, including executive officers, are eligible for long-term incentive awards (“LTI Program”), consisting of a mix of performance-based stock unit awards (“PSUs”), performance-based cash bonus awards, time-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and time-based stock option awards, depending on job level. The equity award components of the LTI Program are granted pursuant to the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan, which is discussed further in Note 16 below, along with the accounting treatment for such awards. The LTI Program is designed to motivate and promote the achievement of our long-term financial and operating goals and improve retent ion, and is based on a multi-year performance period with awards granted in one year not being realized until subsequent years. Award amounts are based on each participant’s pre-established long-term incentive target and are allocated to each of the four types of awards, with between 50% or 75% being collectively allocated to PSU and performance-based cash, depending on job level. The LTI Program was newly adopted in 2010. The target performance-based award amounts are subject to adjustment in the target range of 0% to 150%, based on the achievement of certain financial and quality-based performance goals set by the Compensation Committee over the performance period and the employee’s continued service through the vest date. However, the ultimate funding and pay-out is at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. The total amount accrued for the performance-based cash bonus was $4,426 as of December 31, 2010. |
16. EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION
Equity Compensation Plans
We have two active equity-based compensation plans. These plans are described below. The equity-based compensation expense that has been recognized for those plans was $14,801, $44,149 and $38,614 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively. The total income tax benefit recognized in the income statement for equity-based compensation arrangements was $5,698 $16,997 and $15,272 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively. The tax benefit realized by us reflects the exercise value of options and vesting share awards. There were no capitalized equity-based compensation costs at December 31, 2010.
In June 2004, the Board adopted, and its shareholders subsequently approved, our 2004 Equity Incentive Plan which authorizes us to grant non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted shares and other equity awards. An aggregate of 4,688,532 shares of our common stock was initially reserved for issuance to our directors, associates and others under this plan. The number of shares reserved for issuance is subject to an annual increase effective on January 1 of each year, commencing on January 1, 2005 and ending on January 1, 2013 in an amount equal to the lesser of 3% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding on each such date, 1,200,000 shares, or such lesser amount determined by our Board. The total number of shares of common stock subject to the granting of awards under our 2004 Equity Plan was increased by 1,200,000 shares effective January 1, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. Our policy is to grant options with an exercise price equal to the closing market price of our stock on the date of grant; those option awards generally vest based on four years of continuous service and have seven-year contractual terms.
Under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan, we granted shares to a former executive, the vesting of which and the amount of shares to be awarded was contingent upon achievement of an earnings per share target over three- and five-year performance periods. The earnings per share target for the first performance period was achieved. However, in accordance with the separation agreement between the former executive and us, issuance of those shares was subject to certain conditions that we have determined have not been, and are unlikely to be, met. Accordingly, the previously recorded compensation cost of $4,683 was reversed during the first quarter of 2010 and is included in equity-based compensation expense for 2010.
Equity-based compensation expense is calculated based on awards ultimately expected to vest and has been adjusted to reflect our estimated forfeitures. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model that uses the assumptions noted in the table below.
| Year Ended December 31, |
| 2010 | | 2009 | | 2008 |
Weighted average risk-free interest rate | 2.01% | | 1.99% | | 2.51% |
Range of risk-free rates | 1.14%-2.30% | | 1.60%-2.55% | | 1.76%-3.41% |
Expected term (in years) | 4.29 | | 4.75 | | 4.55 |
Expected dividend yield | 0% | | 0% | | 0% |
Expected volatility | 65.15% | | 56.85% | | 42.49% |
Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of our stock as well as the volatility of shares of other companies with similar trading longevity and operating similar businesses. The expected term of options granted is determined using historical and industry data to estimate option exercise patterns and forfeitures resulting from employee terminations. We derive our forfeiture estimate at the time of grant and continuously reassess this estimate to determine if our assumptions are indicative of actual forfeitures. Our forfeiture rate assumptions vary by equity award type. For stock options issued subsequent to December 31, 2005, we increased our forfeiture rates from 28% to 40% effective June 30, 2010 to reflect actual historical and expected cancellations of unvested options due to a higher than previously estimated level of employee attrition and terminations. The differential in forfeiture rates, when applied retrospectively, resulted in an expense reversal of approximately $4,955 recorded in the second quarter of 2010 and is included in equity-based compensation expense for 2010. We have not historically declared dividends, nor do we intend to in the foreseeable future. The risk-free rate for options granted is based on the rate for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bonds with terms commensurate with the expected term of the granted option.
A summary of our restricted stock, RSUs and option activity for the year ended December 31, 2010 is presented in the table below.
| | Restricted Stock and RSU | | | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value | | | Options | | | Weighted Average Exercise Price | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Outstanding as of January 1, 2010 | | | 1,339,981 | | | $ | 29.30 | | | | 1,919,535 | | | $ | 35.26 | |
Granted | | | 253,541 | | | | 29.23 | | | | 116,277 | | | | 29.50 | |
Exercised | | | - | | | | - | | | | (90,853 | ) | | | 16.55 | |
Vested | | | (533,816 | ) | | | 28.91 | | | | - | | | | - | |
Forfeited and expired | | | (341,697 | ) | | | 31.31 | | | | (936,202 | ) | | | 42.03 | |
Outstanding at December 31, 2010 | | | 718,009 | | | | 28.69 | | | | 1,008,757 | | | | 30.02 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Exercisable at December 31, 2010 | | | | | | | | | | | 798,882 | | | | 30.08 | |
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2010 | | | | | | | | | | | 940,934 | | | | 29.98 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008 were $15.40, $8.14 and $16.32, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008 was $1,130, $826 and $4,057, respectively. For the 940,934 options vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2010, the weighted-average remaining contractual term was 2.8 years and the aggregate intrinsic value was $4,810.
The fair value of share awards is based on the closing trading price of our shares on the grant date. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of shares granted during the year ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008 were $29.23, $21.40 and $42.76 respectively. As of December 31, 2010, there was $24,641, of unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested restricted stock, RSUs and stock options that are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years. The total fair value of shares vested during the year ended December 31, 2010 was $15,433. We generally repurchase vested shares to satisfy tax withholding requirements. Those shares repurchased are then retired.
Cash received from option exercises under all share-based payment arrangements for the year ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was $1,443, $1,167 and $1,039, respectively. We currently expect to satisfy equity-based compensation awards with registered shares available to be issued.
Performance Stock Unit Award
During 2010, the Compensation Committee began awarding PSUs under the LTI Program discussed in Note 15. The 2010 PSU Awards vest in March 2013 and are subject to adjustment in the target range of 0% to 150%, based on the achievement of certain financial and quality-based performance goals set by the Compensation Committee over the performance period and the employee’s continued service through the vest date. The actual number of PSUs that vest will be determined by the Compensation Committee at its sole discretion. As a result of the subjective nature of the PSUs, we have determined that, for accounting purposes, a mutual understanding of the key terms and conditions does not exist; accordingly, these awards do not have an accounting grant date. The 2010 PSU Awards ultimately expected to vest will be recognized as expense over the service period based on estimated progress towards the performance measures, as well as subsequent changes in the market price of our common stock since the awards do not have an accounting grant date. The compensation expense related to our PSUs and PSUs granted in the table below assume that targets will be met and was $1,057 for the year ended December 31, 2010. As of December 31, 2010, there was $2,498 of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested PSUs that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years.
A summary of our PSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2010 is presented in the table below.
| | Performance Stock Units | | | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Outstanding as of January 1, 2010 | | | - | | | $ | - | |
Granted | | | 182,320 | | | | 29.62 | |
Vested | | | - | | | | - | |
Forfeited and expired | | | (37,519 | ) | | | 29.80 | |
Outstanding at December 31, 2010 | | | 144,801 | | | | 29.58 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In November 2004, the Board approved the Company’s 2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The ESPP was subsequently approved by our shareholders in June 2005. A maximum of 387,714 shares of common stock is reserved for issuance under the plan. The ESPP allows associates to purchase common stock of ours each quarter at a 5% discount from the closing market price on the date of purchase. No compensation cost was incurred for common stock issued under the ESPP for 2010, 2009 and 2008. This ESPP is currently dormant.
17. SEGMENT REPORTING
Reportable operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which discrete financial information is available and evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision-maker to determine how resources should be allocated to an individual segment and to assess performance of those segments. Prior to fiscal year 2010, we reported two operating segments, Medicaid and Medicare, which coincide with our two main business lines. During the first quarter of 2010, we reassessed our segment reporting practices and made revisions to reflect our current method of managing performance and determining resource allocation, which includes reviewing the results of our PDP operations separately from other Medicare products. Accordingly, we now have three reportable segments within our two main business lines: Medicaid, MA and PD P. The PFFS product that we exited December 31, 2009 is reported within the MA segment. The prior periods have been revised to reflect this segment presentation.
The accounting policies of each reportable operating segment are the same and are described in Note 2. The primary measures used in evaluating the performance of our reportable operating segments include premium revenue, MBR and gross margin. We allocate goodwill, but no other assets or liabilities, or investment and other income, or any other expenses to our reportable operating segments.
Medicaid
Medicaid was established to provide medical assistance to low-income and disabled persons. It is state operated and implemented, although it is funded and regulated by both the state and federal governments.
The Medicaid segment includes operations to provide health care services to recipients that are eligible for state supported programs including Medicaid and children’s health programs. In the Medicaid segment, we had two customers from which we received 10% or more of our consolidated premium revenue for 2010, 2009 and 2008. Florida revenues were 26.9%, 28.2% and 32.7% of total Medicaid revenues in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Georgia revenues were 41.6%, 40.8% and 41.0%, in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
In Florida, we have two contracts with three-year terms that expire on August 31, 2012 and one Children's Health Insurance Plan (“CHIP”) contract with a one-year term expiring in September 2011. Our Georgia contract, which includes a CHIP program, commenced in July 2005 and included an initial one-year term with automatic renewals for six additional one year terms, unless either party provides at least a ninety day prior written notice of its intention not to renew the agreement. The Georgia Department of Community Health is evaluating its Medicaid programs beyond July 1, 2012, which may include a re-bid of the programs for new contracts effective July 1, 2012.
Medicare Advantage
Medicare is a federal program that provides eligible persons age 65 and over and some disabled persons with a variety of hospital, medical insurance and prescription drug benefits. Our MA segment consists of MA plans, which, following our exit from the PFFS product on December 31, 2009, is comprised of CCPs. MA is Medicare’s managed care alternative to Original Medicare, which provides individuals standard Medicare benefits directly through CMS. CCPs are administered through health maintenance organizations (“HMOs”) and generally require members to seek health care services and select a primary care physician from a network of health care providers. In addition, we offer Medicare Part D coverage, which provides prescription drug benefits, as a component of our MA plans.
Prescription Drug Plans
We offer stand-alone Medicare Part D coverage to Medicare-eligible beneficiaries in our PDP segment. The Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit is supported by risk sharing with the federal government through risk corridors designed to limit the losses and gains of the drug plans and by reinsurance for catastrophic drug costs. The government subsidy is based on the national weighted average monthly bid for this coverage, adjusted for risk factor payments. Additional subsidies are provided for dual-eligible beneficiaries and specified low-income beneficiaries. The Part D program offers national in-network prescription drug coverage that is subject to limitations in certain circumstances.
A summary of financial information for our reportable operating segments, as well as a reconciliation to (Loss) income before income taxes is presented in the table below.
| For the year ended December 31, | |
| 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Premium revenue: | | | | | | | | |
Medicaid | $ | 3,308,751 | | | $ | 3,256,731 | | | $ | 2,991,049 | |
Medicare Advantage | | 1,336,089 | | | | 2,775,442 | | | | 2,436,226 | |
PDP | | 785,350 | | | | 835,079 | | | | 1,055,795 | |
Total premium revenue | | 5,430,190 | | | | 6,867,252 | | | | 6,483,070 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Medical benefits expense: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medicaid | | 2,847,315 | | | | 2,810,611 | | | | 2,537,422 | |
Medicare Advantage | | 1,054,071 | | | | 2,299,378 | | | | 2,058,430 | |
PDP | | 635,245 | | | | 752,468 | | | | 934,364 | |
Total medical benefits expense | | 4,536,631 | | | | 5,862,457 | | | | 5,530,216 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Gross margin: | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medicaid | | 461,436 | | | | 446,120 | | | | 453,627 | |
Medicare Advantage | | 282,018 | | | | 476,064 | | | | 377,796 | |
PDP | | 150,105 | | | | 82,611 | | | | 121,431 | |
Total gross margin | | 893,559 | | | | 1,004,795 | | | | 952,854 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment and other income | | 10,035 | | | | 10,912 | | | | 38,837 | |
Other expenses | | (976,443 | ) | | | (922,687 | ) | | | (1,044,861 | ) |
(Loss) income before income taxes | $ | (72,849 | ) | | $ | 93,020 | | | $ | (53,170 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
PFFS Plan Exit
In July 2008, the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act (“MIPPA”) became law and, in September 2008, CMS promulgated implementing regulations. MIPPA revised requirements for MA PFFS plans. In particular, MIPPA requires all PFFS plans that operate in markets with two or more network-based plans be offered on a networked basis. As we did not have provider networks in the majority of markets where PFFS plans were offered and given the costs associated with building the required networks, as of December 31, 2009, we did not renew our contracts to participate in the PFFS program, resulting in a loss of approximately 95,000 members.
In total, the wind-down of PFFS contributed approximately $36,945 in gross margin to our 2010 results, principally as a result of the favorable development of 2009 prior years’ medical benefits payable. The PFFS line of business contributed approximately $1,133,545 and $983,543 to Premium revenues for the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Excluding PFFS, total Premium revenues for the corresponding periods are $5,733,707 and $5,499,527, respectively. Similarly, excluding PFFS, MA Premium revenues for the corresponding periods are $1,641,897 and $1,452,683, respectively.
Medical benefits expense for the PFFS line of business was approximately $984,068 and $850,604 for the year ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Excluding PFFS, total Medical benefits expense for the corresponding periods are $4,878,389 and $4,679,612, respectively. Similarly, excluding PFFS, MA Medical benefits expense for the corresponding periods are $1,315,310 and $1,207,826, respectively.
We continue to administer the PFFS program, which includes processing claims payments as well as providing member and provider services, for health care services provided prior to our exit on December 31, 2009. As of December 31, 2010, the remaining medical benefits payable related to the PFFS program is not material relative to the total Medical benefits payable.
18. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Selected unaudited quarterly financial data in 2010 and 2009 are as follows:
| | | For the Three-Month Period Ended | | |
| | March 31, | | | June 30, | | | September 30, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2010 | | | 2010 | | | 2010 | |
Total revenues | | $ | 1,355,953 | | | $ | 1,340,649 | | | $ | 1,388,173 | | | $ | 1,355,450 | |
Gross margin | | $ | 187,486 | | | $ | 215,146 | | | $ | 238,767 | | | $ | 252,160 | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | $ | 10,878 | | | $ | (192,836 | ) | | $ | 73,164 | | | $ | 35,945 | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | 6,418 | | | $ | (128,871 | ) | | $ | 42,916 | | | $ | 26,137 | |
Income (loss) per share — basic | | $ | 0.15 | | | $ | (3.05 | ) | | $ | 1.01 | | | $ | 0.62 | |
Income (loss) per share — diluted | | $ | 0.15 | | | $ | (3.05 | ) | | $ | 1.00 | | | $ | 0.61 | |
Period end membership | | | 2,186,000 | | | | 2,184,000 | | | | 2,200,000 | | | | 2,224,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | For the Three-Month Period Ended | | |
| | March 31, | | | June 30, | | | September 30, | | | December 31, | |
| | | 2009 | | | | 2009 | | | | 2009 | | | | 2009 | |
Total revenues | | $ | 1,795,261 | | | $ | 1,791,278 | | | $ | 1,667,645 | | | $ | 1,623,980 | |
Gross margin | | $ | 238,929 | | | $ | 283,832 | | | $ | 245,838 | | | $ | 236,196 | |
Income (loss) before income taxes | | $ | (37,283 | ) | | $ | 65,203 | | | $ | 45,932 | | | $ | 19,168 | |
Net income (loss) | | $ | (36,933 | ) | | $ | 37,005 | | | $ | 28,660 | | | $ | 11,139 | |
Income (loss) per share — basic | | $ | (0.89 | ) | | $ | 0.89 | | | $ | 0.68 | | | $ | 0.27 | |
Income (loss) per share — diluted | | $ | (0.89 | ) | | $ | 0.88 | | | $ | 0.68 | | | $ | 0.26 | |
Period end membership | | | 2,456,000 | | | | 2,388,000 | | | | 2,330,000 | | | | 2,321,000 | |
The sum of the quarterly earnings per share amounts do not equal the amount reported for the full year since per share amounts are computed independently for each quarter and for the full year based on respective weighted-average shares outstanding and other dilutive potential shares and units.
Schedule I
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
WELLCARE HEALTH PLANS, INC. (Parent Company Only)
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except share data)
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | |
Investment and other income | | $ | 23 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,002 | |
Total revenues | | | 23 | | | | — | | | | 1,002 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Selling, general and administrative | | | 17,432 | | | | 46,587 | | | | 42,469 | |
Total expenses | | | 17,432 | | | | 46,587 | | | | 42,469 | |
Loss before income taxes | | | (17,409 | ) | | | (46,587 | ) | | | (41,467 | ) |
Income tax benefit | | | 5,858 | | | | 14,809 | | | | 16,008 | |
Loss before equity in subsidiaries | | | (11,551 | ) | | | (31,778 | ) | | | (25,459 | ) |
Equity in earnings from subsidiaries | | | (41,849 | ) | | | 71,649 | | | | (11,374 | ) |
Net (loss) income | | $ | (53,400 | ) | | $ | 39,871 | | | $ | (36,833 | ) |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
WELLCARE HEALTH PLANS, INC. (Parent Company Only)
BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data)
| | As of December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | |
Assets | | | | | | |
Current Assets: | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 10,125 | | | $ | 1,562 | |
Investments | | | 2,232 | | | | 2,384 | |
Taxes receivable | | | 15,947 | | | | — | |
Deferred income taxes | | | — | | | | 10,478 | |
Affiliate receivables and other current assets | | | 111,643 | | | | 138,969 | |
Total current assets | | | 139,947 | | | | 153,393 | |
Deferred tax asset | | | 15,795 | | | | 23,156 | |
Investment in subsidiaries | | | 765,255 | | | | 806,261 | |
Total Assets | | $ | 920,997 | | | $ | 982,810 | |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | | | | | | | | |
Current Liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Taxes payable | | $ | — | | | $ | 113 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | 60 | | | | — | |
Other current liabilities | | | 88,891 | | | | 101,797 | |
Total liabilities | | | 88,951 | | | | 101,910 | |
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 11) | | | — | | | | — | |
Stockholders’ Equity: | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value (20,000,000 authorized, no shares issued or outstanding) | | | — | | | | — | |
Common stock, $0.01 par value (100,000,000 authorized, 42,541,725 and 42,361,207 shares | | | | | | | | |
issued and outstanding at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively | | | 425 | | | | 424 | |
Paid-in capital | | | 428,818 | | | | 425,083 | |
Retained earnings | | | 405,112 | | | | 458,512 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | | | (2,309 | ) | | | (3,119 | ) |
Total stockholders’ equity | | | 832,046 | | | | 880,900 | |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | | $ | 920,997 | | | $ | 982,810 | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
WELLCARE HEALTH PLANS, INC. (Parent Company Only)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands, except share data)
| | For the Year Ended December 31, | |
| | 2010 | | | 2009 | | | 2008 | |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | $ | 24,281 | | | $ | (48,053 | ) | | $ | 114,161 | |
Cash from (used in) investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from sale and maturities of investments, net | | | 1,470 | | | | 2,432 | | | | 744 | |
Capital contributions to subsidiaries | | | (12,394 | ) | | | (31,854 | ) | | | (70,438 | ) |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (10,924 | ) | | | (29,422 | ) | | | (69,694 | ) |
Cash from (used in) financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from options exercised and other, net | | | 1,443 | | | | 1,167 | | | | 1,039 | |
Purchase of treasury stock | | | (6,237 | ) | | | (2,413 | ) | | | (2,720 | ) |
Incremental tax benefit from option exercises | | | — | | | | (8,346 | ) | | | 3,686 | |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | | | (4,794 | ) | | | (9,592 | ) | | | 2,005 | |
Cash and cash equivalents: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Increase (decrease) during year | | | 8,563 | | | | (87,067 | ) | | | 46,472 | |
Balance at beginning of year | | | 1,562 | | | | 88,629 | | | | 42,157 | |
Balance at end of year | | $ | 10,125 | | | $ | 1,562 | | | $ | 88,629 | |
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
| | Balance at | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Beginning | | | Charged to | | | | | | Balance at | |
| | of | | | Costs and | | | | | | End of | |
| | Period | | | Expenses | | | Deduction | | | Period | |
Year Ended December 31, 2010 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deducted from assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for uncollectible accounts: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medical Advances | | $ | 1,350 | | | $ | - | | | $ | - | | | $ | 1,350 | |
Premiums receivable | | | 16,216 | | | | 16,086 | | | | 16,198 | | | | 16,104 | |
Other receivables from government partners | | | 7,789 | | | | 1,053 | | | | 7,781 | | | | 1,061 | |
Sales Commissions | | | 50 | | | | - | | | | 50 | | | | - | |
| | $ | 25,405 | | | $ | 17,139 | | | $ | 24,029 | | | $ | 18,515 | |
Year Ended December 31, 2009 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deducted from assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for uncollectible accounts: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medical Advances | | $ | 3,205 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,855 | | | $ | 1,350 | |
Premiums receivable | | | 12,485 | | | | 18,392 | | | | 14,661 | | | | 16,216 | |
Other receivables from government partners | | | 6,400 | | | | 1,389 | | | | — | | | | 7,789 | |
Sales Commissions | | | 1,370 | | | | 16 | | | | 1,336 | | | | 50 | |
| | $ | 23,460 | | | $ | 19,797 | | | $ | 17,852 | | | $ | 25,405 | |
Year Ended December 31, 2008 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Deducted from assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Allowance for uncollectible accounts: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Medical Advances | | $ | 3,847 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 642 | | | $ | 3,205 | |
Premiums receivable | | | 39,537 | | | | 21,475 | | | | 48,527 | | | | 12,485 | |
Other receivables from government partners | | | 19,334 | | | | 6,409 | | | | 19,343 | | | | 6,400 | |
Sales Commissions | | | 1,309 | | | | 196 | | | | 135 | | | | 1,370 | |
| | $ | 64,027 | | | $ | 28,080 | | | $ | 68,647 | | | $ | 23,460 | |
Exhibit Index
| | | INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE | |
Exhibit Number | | Description | | Form | | Filing Date with SEC | | Exhibit Number | |
| 2.1 | | Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of February 12, 2004, between WellCare Holdings, LLC and WellCare Group, Inc. | | | S-1/A | | June 8, 2004 | | | 2.1 | |
| 2.2 | | Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2002, by and among WellCare Holdings, LLC, WellCare Acquisition Company, the stockholders listed on the signature page thereto, WellCare HMO, Inc., HealthEase of Florida, Inc., Comprehensive Health Management of Florida, Inc. and Comprehensive Health Management, L.C. | | | S-1 | | February 13, 2004 | | | 10.5 | |
| 3.1 | | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant | | | 10-Q | | August 13, 2004 | | | 3.1 | |
| 3.1.1 | | Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation | | | 10-Q | | November 4, 2009 | | | 3.1.1 | |
| 3.2 | | Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant | | | 8-K | | November 2, 2010 | | | 3.2 | |
| 4.1 | | Specimen common stock certificate | | | 10-Q | | November 4, 2010 | | | 4.1 | |
| 10.1 | | Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of September 6, 2002, by and among WellCare Holdings, LLC and certain equity holders | | | S-1 | | February 13, 2004 | | | 10.13 | |
| 10.2 | | WellCare Holdings, LLC 2002 Senior Executive Equity Plan* | | | S-1 | | February 13, 2004 | | | 10.14 | |
| 10.3 | | Form of Subscription Agreement under 2002 Senior Executive Equity Plan* | | | S-1 | | February 13, 2004 | | | 10.15 | |
| 10.4 | | Form of Director Subscription Agreement* | | | 10-K | | February 14, 2006 | | | 10.14 | |
| 10.5 | | Form of Non-Plan Time Vesting Option Agreement* | | | 10-K | | February 14, 2006 | | | 10.20 | |
| 10.6 | | WellCare Holdings, LLC 2002 Employee Option Plan* | | | S-1 | | February 13, 2004 | | | 10.16 | |
| 10.7 | | Form of Time Vesting Option Agreement under 2002 Employee Option Plan* | | | S-1 | | February 13, 2004 | | | 10.17 | |
| 10.8 | | Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan* | | | 10-Q | | August 13, 2004 | | | 10.4 | |
| 10.9 | | Forms of Stock Option Agreement under Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan | |
| 10.9.1 | | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan* | | | 10-Q | | August 13, 2004 | | | 10.5 | |
| 10.9.2 | | Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement under Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan* | | | 10-Q | | August 13, 2004 | | | 10.6 | |
| 10.9.3 | | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (adopted May 28, 2009)* | | | 8-K | | June 3, 2009 | | | 10.4 | |
| 10.9.4 | | Form of Stock Option Agreement under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (adopted December 17, 2010)* | | | 8-K | | December 20, 2010 | | | 10.6 | |
| 10.10 | | Forms of Restricted Stock Agreement under Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan | |
| 10.10.1 | | Form of Restricted Stock Agreement under Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (adopted March 11, 2005)* | | | 8-K | | March 17, 2005 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.10.2 | | Form of Restricted Stock Agreement under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (associate version) (adopted May 28, 2009)* | | | 8-K | | June 3, 2009 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.10.3 | | Form of Restricted Stock Agreement under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (director version) (adopted May 28, 2009)* | | | 8-K | | June 3, 2009 | | | 10.2 | |
| 10.11 | | Forms of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan | |
| 10.11.1 | | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (associate version) (adopted May 28, 2009)* | | | 8-K | | June 3, 2009 | | | 10.3 | |
| 10.11.2 | | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (adopted March 31, 2010)* | | | 8-K | | April 5, 2010 | | | 10.4 | |
| | | | | | INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE | |
| Exhibit Number | | Description | | | Form | | Filing Date with SEC | | | Exhibit Number | |
| 10.11.3 | | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Non-Employee Directors under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (adopted August 4, 2010)* | | | 10-Q | | August 9, 2010 | | | 10.5 | |
| 10.11.4 | | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (adopted December 17, 2010)* | | | 8-K | | December 20, 2010 | | | 10.2 | |
| 10.11.5 | | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (with deferral feature) (adopted December 17, 2010)* | | | 8-K | | December 20, 2010 | | | 10.3 | |
| 10.12 | | Forms of Performance Stock Unit Agreement under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan | |
| 10.12.1 | | Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (adopted March 31, 2010)* | | | 8-K | | April 5, 2010 | | | 10.3 | |
| 10.12.2 | | Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (adopted December 17, 2010)* | | | 8-K | | December 20, 2010 | | | 10.4 | |
| 10.12.3 | | Form of Performance Stock Unit Agreement under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (with deferral feature) (adopted December 17, 2010)* | | | 8-K | | December 20, 2010 | | | 10.5 | |
| 10.13 | | Forms of Deferred Stock Unit Agreement under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan | |
| 10.13.1 | | Form of Deferred Stock Unit Agreement for Non-Employee Directors under the Registrant’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (adopted August 4, 2010)* | | | 10-Q | | August 9, 2010 | | | 10.6 | |
| 10.14 | | 2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (No. 333-120257)* | | | S-8 | | November 5, 2004 | | | 4.7 | |
| 10.14.1 | | Amendment Number 1 to 2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan* | | | 8-K | | September 29, 2006 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.15 | | 2009 Long Term Cash Bonus Plan * | | | 8-K | | March 10, 2009 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.16 | | Long Term Incentive Cash Bonus Plan (with form of Award Agreement adopted March 31, 2010)* | | | 10-Q | | May 6, 2010 | | | 10.5 | |
| 10.16.1 | | Form of Award Agreement under Long Term Incentive Cash Bonus Plan (adopted December 17, 2010)* | | | 8-K | | December 20, 2010 | | | 10.7 | |
| 10.17 | | Annual Cash Bonus Plan (adopted March 31, 2010)* | | | 10-Q | | May 6, 2010 | | | 10.4 | |
| 10.17.1 | | Amended and Restated Annual Cash Bonus Plan (adopted December 17, 2010)* | | | 8-K | | December 20, 2010 | | | 10.8 | |
| 10.18 | | Summary of WellCare Health Plans, Inc. Relocation Program for Executive Officers * | | | 10-Q | | August 9, 2010 | | | 10.13 | |
| 10.19 | | Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy as amended and effective for the fiscal quarter commencing April 1, 2009* | | | 10-Q | | July 29, 2009 | | | 10.8 | |
| 10.19.1 | | Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy as amended and effective for the fiscal quarter commencing October 1, 2010 * | | | 10-Q | | August 9, 2010 | | | 10.7 | |
| 10.19.2 | | Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy as amended and effective for the fiscal quarter commencing January 1, 2011* | | | 8-K | | December 20, 2010 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.20 | | Form of Severance Agreement* | | | 10-Q | | November 4, 2009 | | | 10.13 | |
| 10.21 | | Forms of Indemnification Agreement | |
| 10.21.1 | | Form of Indemnification Agreement (adopted May 16, 2003)* | | | S-1/A | | June 8, 2004 | | | 10.24 | |
| 10.21.2 | | Form of Indemnification Agreement (adopted May 8, 2009)* | | | 8-K | | May 14, 2009 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.21.3 | | Form of Indemnification Agreement (adopted August 5, 2010)* | | | 10-Q | | August 9, 2010 | | | 10.8 | |
| 10.22 | | Separation Agreement and General Release for All Claims, dated as of January 25, 2008, by and among the Registrant, Comprehensive Health Management, Inc. and Todd S. Farha* | | | 8-K | | January 31, 2008 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.23 | | Employment Agreement, made effective as of January 25, 2008, by and among the Registrant, Comprehensive Health Management, Inc. and Heath Schiesser* | | | 8-K | | January 31, 2008 | | | 10.4 | |
| 10.24 | | Transition and Separation Agreement, made effective as of September 17, 2009, by and among the Registrant, Comprehensive Health Management, Inc. and Heath Schiesser* | | | 8-K | | September 23, 2009 | | | 10.1 | |
| | | | | | INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE | |
| Exhibit Number | | Description | | | Form | | Filing Date with SEC | | | Exhibit Number |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 10.25 | | Restricted Stock Agreement, made effective as of January 25, 2008, by and between the Registrant and Heath Schiesser* | | | 8-K | | January 31, 2008 | | | 10.6 | |
| 10.26 | | Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement, dated as of January 25, 2008, by and between the Registrant and Heath Schiesser* | | | 8-K | | January 31, 2008 | | | 10.8 | |
| 10.27 | | Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 8, by and between the Registrant and Heath Schiesser* | | | 8-K | | May 14, 2009 | | | 10.2 | |
| 10.28 | | Letter Agreement, dated as of January 25, 2008, by and between the Registrant and Charles Berg* | | | 8-K | | January 31, 2008 | | | 10.5 | |
| 10.28.1 | | Amended and Restated Letter Agreement, dated as of August 10, 2009, by and among the Registrant, Comprehensive Health Management, Inc. and Charles Berg* | | | 10-Q | | November 4, 2009 | | | 10.2 | |
| 10.29 | | Restricted Stock Agreement, made effective as of January 25, 2008, by and between the Registrant and Charles Berg* | | | 8-K | | January 31, 2008 | | | 10.7 | |
| 10.30 | | Restricted Stock Agreement, made effective as of August 10, 2009, by and between the Registrant and Charles Berg* | | | 10-Q | | November 4, 2009 | | | 10.4 | |
| 10.31 | | Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement, dated as of January 25, 2008, by and between the Registrant and Charles Berg* | | | 8-K | | January 31, 2008 | | | 10.9 | |
| 10.31.1 | | Amended and Restated Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement, dated as of February 16, 2009, by and between the Registrant and Charles Berg* | | | 10-K | | March 16, 2009 | | | 10.33 | |
| 10.31.2 | | Amended and Restated Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement, dated as of August 10, 2009, by and between the Registrant and Charles Berg* | | | 10-Q | | November 4, 2009 | | | 10.3 | |
| 10.32 | | Indemnification Agreement, dated as of May 14, 2009, by and between the Registrant and Charles Berg* | | | 8-K | | May 14, 2009 | | | 10.3 | |
| 10.33 | | Employment Agreement, dated as of July 17, 2008, by and among the Registrant, Comprehensive Health Management, Inc. and Thomas L. Tran* | | | 8-K | | July 17, 2008 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.33.1 | | Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement, made effective as of March 10, 2009, by and among the Registrant, Comprehensive Health Management, Inc. and Thomas L. Tran* | | | 10-K | | March 16, 2009 | | | 10.42 | |
| 10.33.2 | | Amendment No. 2 to Employment Agreement, made effective as of December 18, 2009, by and among the Registrant, Comprehensive Health Management, Inc. and Thomas L. Tran* | | | 10-K | | February 18, 2010 | | | 10.40.2 | |
| 10.34 | | Form of Restricted Stock Agreement between the Registrant and Thomas L. Tran* | | | 8-K | | July 17, 2008 | | | 10.3 | |
| 10.35 | | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement between the Registrant and Thomas L. Tran* | | | 8-K | | July 17, 2008 | | | 10.4 | |
| 10.36 | | Employment Agreement, dated as of September 2, 2008, by and among the Registrant, Comprehensive Health Management, Inc. and Rex M. Adams* | | | 8-K | | September 2, 2008 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.36.1 | | Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2009, by and among the Registrant, Comprehensive Health Management, Inc. and Rex M. Adams* | | | 10-Q | | November 4, 2009 | | | 10.6 | |
| 10.37 | | Restricted Stock Agreement, made effective as of September 2, 2008, between the Registrant and Rex M. Adams* | | | 8-K | | September 2, 2008 | | | 10.3 | |
| 10.38 | | Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement, dated as of September 2, 2008, between the Registrant and Rex M. Adams* | | | 8-K | | September 2, 2008 | | | 10.4 | |
| 10.39 | | Employment Agreement, dated as of October 28, 2009, by and among the Registrant, Comprehensive Health Management, Inc. and Scott D. Law* | | | 10-Q | | May 6, 2010 | | | 10.3 | |
| | | | | | INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE | |
| Exhibit Number | | Description | | | Form | | Filing Date with SEC | | | Exhibit Number |
| 10.40 | | $65,000,000 Credit Agreement, dated May 12, 2010, among WellCare Health Plans, Inc., The WellCare Management Group, Inc., the Lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., as sole bookrunner and sole lead arranger (the “Credit Agreement”) | | | 8-K | | May 13, 2010 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.40.1 | | Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Agreement dated as of May 25, 2010 | | | 10-Q | | August 9, 2010 | | | 10.10 | |
| 10.41 | | Pledge and Security Agreement, dated May 12, 2010, among WellCare Health Plans, Inc., The WellCare Management Group, Inc., the subsidiaries of WellCare Health Plans, Inc. named therein, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, for itself and for the Secured Parties (as defined in the Credit Agreement) | | | 8-K | | May 13, 2010 | | | 10.2 | |
| 10.42 | | Deferred Prosecution Agreement, made effective as of May 5, 2009, by and among the Registrant, certain subsidiaries and affiliates of the Registrant, the United States Attorney’s Office for the Middle District of Florida and the Florida Attorney General’s Office | | | 8-K | | May 5, 2009 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.43 | | Consent of Registrant dated May 13, 2009 with respect to Complaint filed by the Securities and Exchange Commission and form of Final Judgment entered by the court on June 1, 2009 | | | 8-K | | May 18, 2009 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.44 | | Stipulation and Agreement of Settlement dated December 17, 2010 between the Registrant and the lead plaintiffs in the matter Eastwood Enterprises, L.L.C. v. Farha, et al., Case No. 8:07-cv-1940-VMC-EAJ † | | | | | | | | | |
| 10.45 | | Contract No. FA905 by and between the State of Florida, Agency for Healthcare Administration and HealthEase of Florida, Inc. (Medicaid Non-Reform 2009-2012) | | | 8-K | | September 16, 2009 | | | 10.3 | |
| 10.45.1 | | Amendment No. 1 to Contract No. FA905 by and between the State of Florida, Agency for Healthcare Administration and HealthEase of Florida, Inc. (Medicaid Non-Reform 2009-2012) | | | 10-K | | February 18, 2010 | | | 10.55.1 | |
| 10.45.2 | | Amendment No. 2 to Contract No. FA905 by and between the State of Florida, Agency for Healthcare Administration and HealthEase of Florida, Inc. (Medicaid Non-Reform 2009-2012) | | | 10-K | | February 18, 2010 | | | 10.55.2 | |
| 10.45.3 | | Minor Modification No. 1 to Contract No. FA905 by and between the State of Florida, Agency for Healthcare Administration and HealthEase of Florida, Inc. (Medicaid Non-Reform 2009-2012) | | | 10-Q | | May 6, 2010 | | | 10.2 | |
| 10.45.4 | | Amendment No. 3 to Contract No. FA905 by and between the State of Florida, Agency for Healthcare Administration and HealthEase of Florida, Inc. (Medicaid Non-Reform 2009-2012) | | | 10-Q | | August 9, 2010 | | | 10.12 | |
| 10.45.5 | | Amendment No. 4 to Contract No. FA905 by and between the State of Florida, Agency for Healthcare Administration and HealthEase of Florida, Inc. (Medicaid Non-Reform 2009-2012) | | | 8-K | | November 15, 2010 | | | 10.12 | |
| 10.46 | | Contract No. FA904 by and between the State of Florida, Agency for Health Care Administration and WellCare of Florida, Inc. d/b/a Staywell Health Plan of Florida (Medicaid Non-Reform 2009-2012) | | | 8-K | | September 16, 2009 | | | 10.2 | |
| 10.46.1 | | Amendment No. 1 to Contract No. FA904 by and between the State of Florida, Agency for Health Care Administration and WellCare of Florida, Inc. d/b/a Staywell Health Plan of Florida (Medicaid Non-Reform 2009-2012) | | | 10-K | | February 18, 2010 | | | 10.57.1 | |
| | | | | | INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE | |
| Exhibit Number | | Description | | | Form | | Filing Date with SEC | | | Exhibit Number |
| 10.46.2 | | Amendment No. 2 to Contract No. FA904 by and between the State of Florida, Agency for Health Care Administration and WellCare of Florida, Inc. d/b/a Staywell Health Plan of Florida (Medicaid Non-Reform 2009-2012) | | | 10-K | | February 18, 2010 | | | 10.57.2 | |
| 10.46.3 | | Minor Modification No. 1 to Contract No. FA904 by and between the State of Florida, Agency for Health Care Administration and WellCare of Florida, Inc. d/b/a Staywell Health Plan of Florida (Medicaid Non-Reform 2009-2012) | | | 10-Q | | May 6, 2010 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.46.4 | | Amendment No. 3 to Contract No. FA904 by and between the State of Florida, Agency for Health Care Administration and WellCare of Florida, Inc. d/b/a Staywell Health Plan of Florida (Medicaid Non-Reform 2009-2012) | | | 10-Q | | August 9, 2010 | | | 10.11 | |
| 10.46.5 | | Amendment No. 4 to Contract No. FA904 by and between the State of Florida, Agency for Health Care Administration and WellCare of Florida, Inc. d/b/a Staywell Health Plan of Florida (Medicaid Non-Reform 2009-2012) | | | 8-K | | November 15, 2010 | | | 10.6 | |
| 10.47 | | Contract to Provide Comprehensive Medical Services by and among the Florida Healthy Kids Corporation, HealthEase of Florida, Inc. and WellCare of Florida, Inc. (2009-2010) | | | 8-K | | October 5, 2009 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.48 | | Contract to Provide Comprehensive Medical Services by and among the Florida Healthy Kids Corporation, HealthEase of Florida, Inc., WellCare of Florida, Inc. (2010-2011) | | | 8-K | | January 3, 2011 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.49 | | Amendment #8 to Contract 0654 (Amended and Restated Contract 0654) by and between the Georgia Department of Community Health and WellCare of Georgia† | | | | | | | | | |
| 10.49.1 | | Amendment #9 to Contract 0654 by and between the Georgia Department of Community Health and WellCare of Georgia** | | | 8-K | | December 1, 2010 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.50 | | Contract (#H0712) dated September 30, 2005 by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Connecticut, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 2, 2005 | | | 10.4 | |
| 10.50.1 | | Plan Benefit Package attachment to 2010 renewal of Contract (#H0712) by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Connecticut, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 12, 2009 | | | 10.5 | |
| 10.51 | | Contract (#H1032) dated September 30, 2005 by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Florida, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 2, 2005 | | | 10.5 | |
| 10.51.1 | | Plan Benefit Package attachment to 2010 renewal of Contract (#H1032) by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Florida, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 12, 2009 | | | 10.9 | |
| 10.52 | | Contract (#H1112) dated September 30, 2005 by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Georgia, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 2, 2005 | | | 10.6 | |
| 10.52.1 | | Plan Benefit Package attachment to 2010 renewal of Contract (#H1112) by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Georgia, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 12, 2009 | | | 10.11 | |
| 10.53 | | Contract (#H1416) dated September 30, 2005 by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 2, 2005 | | | 10.7 | |
| 10.53.1 | | Plan Benefit Package attachment to 2010 renewal of Contract (#H1416) by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 12, 2009 | | | 10.18 | |
| 10.54 | | Contract (#H1903) dated October 3, 2005 by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Louisiana, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 2, 2005 | | | 10.8 | |
| | | | | | INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE | |
| Exhibit Number | | Description | | | Form | | Filing Date with SEC | | | Exhibit Number |
| 10.54.1 | | Plan Benefit Package attachment to 2010 renewal of Contract (#H1903) by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Louisiana, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 12, 2009 | | | 10.22 | |
| 10.55 | | Contract (#H3361) dated October 6, 2005 by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of New York, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 2, 2005 | | | 10.9 | |
| 10.55.1 | | Plan Benefit Package attachment to 2010 renewal of Contract (#H3361) by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of New York, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 12, 2009 | | | 10.26 | |
| 10.56 | | Form of addenda accompanying notices of 2009 renewals with respect to contracts by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and each of: WellCare of Connecticut, Inc. (#H0712); WellCare of Florida, Inc. (#H1032); WellCare of Georgia, Inc. (#H1112); Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. (#H1416); WellCare of Louisiana, Inc. (#H1903); and WellCare of New York, Inc. (#H3361) | | | 10-Q | | May 11, 2009 | | | 10.2 | |
| 10.57 | | Contract (#H1216) dated October 29, 2007 by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. (d/b/a Harmony Health Plan of Missouri) | | | 8-K | | November 9, 2007 | | | 10.2 | |
| 10.57.1 | | Plan Benefit Package attachment to 2010 renewal of Contract (#H1216) by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. (d/b/a Harmony Health Plan of Missouri) | | | 8-K | | November 12, 2009 | | | 10.13 | |
| 10.58 | | Contract (#H1264) dated October 29, 2007 by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Texas, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 9, 2007 | | | 10.3 | |
| 10.58.1 | | Addendum accompanying notice of 2009 renewal of Contract (#H1264) by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Texas, Inc., with Plan Benefit Package addendum | | | 10-Q | | May 11, 2009 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.58.2 | | Plan Benefit Package attachment to 2010 renewal of Contract (#H1264) by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Texas, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 12, 2009 | | | 10.16 | |
| 10.59 | | Contract (#H0913) dated October 29, 2007 by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare Health Plans of New Jersey, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 9, 2007 | | | 10.4 | |
| 10.59.1 | | Plan Benefit Package attachment to 2010 renewal of Contract (#H0913) by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare Health Plans of New Jersey, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 12, 2009 | | | 10.7 | |
| 10.60 | | Contract (#H0117) dated October 29, 2007 by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Ohio, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 9, 2007 | | | 10.5 | |
| 10.60.1 | | Plan Benefit Package attachment to 2010 renewal of Contract (#H0117) by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Ohio, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 12. 2009 | | | 10.3 | |
| 10.61 | | Contract (#H2491) dated November 18, 2008 by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare Health Insurance of Arizona, Inc. | | | 8-K | | December 23, 2008 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.61.1 | | Plan Benefit Package attachment to 2010 renewal of Contract (#H2491) by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare Health Insurance of Arizona, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 12, 2009 | | | 10.24 | |
| 10.62 | | Contract (#H1657) dated October 29, 2007 by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. d/b/a Harmony Health Plan of Indiana | | | 8-K | | February 21, 2008 | | | 10.2 | |
| | | | | | INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE | |
| Exhibit Number | | Description | | | Form | | Filing Date with SEC | | | Exhibit Number |
| 10.62.1 | | Plan Benefit Package attachment to 2010 renewal of Contract (#H1657) by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. (d/b/a Harmony Health Plan of Indiana) | | | 8-K | | November 12, 2009 | | | 10.20 | |
| 10.63 | | Contract (#S5967) dated September 30, 2005 by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare Prescription Insurance, Inc. | | | 8-K | | November 2, 2005 | | | 10.3 | |
| 10.63.1 | | Addendum to Contract (#S5967) by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare Prescription Insurance, Inc. | | | 10-Q | | November 3, 2006 | | | 10.13 | |
| 10.63.2 | | 2010 renewal of Contract (#S5967) by and between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare Prescription Insurance, Inc. with Plan Benefit Package attachment | | | 8-K | | September 16, 2009 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.64 | | Contract S5967 dated October 4, 2010 between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare Prescription Insurance, Inc. | | | 8-K | | October 8, 2010 | | | 10.1 | |
| 10.65 | | Form of Contract dated October 4, 2010 between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and each of (a) WellCare of Ohio, Inc. (Contract H0117), (b) WellCare of Connecticut, Inc. (Contract H0712), (c) WellCare Health Insurance Plans of New Jersey, Inc. (Contract H0913), (d) WellCare of Florida, Inc. (H1032), (e) WellCare of Georgia, Inc. (H1112), (f) Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. dba Harmony Health Plan of Missouri (H1216), (g) WellCare of Texas, Inc. (H1264), (h) Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. (H1416), (i) Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. dba Harmony Health Plan of Indiana (H1657), (j) WellCare of Louisiana, Inc. (H1903), (k) WellCare Health Insurance of Arizona, Inc. (H2491) and (l) WellCare of New York, Inc. (H3361) | | | 8-K | | October 8, 2010 | | | 10.2 | |
| 10.66 | | 2011 Benefit Attestation to Contract H0117 between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Ohio, Inc. | | | 8-K | | October 8, 2010 | | | 10.3 | |
| 10.67 | | 2011 Benefit Attestation to Contract H0712 between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Connecticut, Inc. | | | 8-K | | October 8, 2010 | | | 10.4 | |
| 10.68 | | 2011 Benefit Attestation to Contract H0913 between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare Health Insurance Plans of New Jersey, Inc. | | | 8-K | | October 8, 2010 | | | 10.5 | |
| 10.69 | | 2011 Benefit Attestation to Contract H1032 between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Florida, Inc. | | | 8-K | | October 8, 2010 | | | 10.6 | |
| 10.70 | | 2011 Benefit Attestation to Contract H1112 between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Georgia, Inc. | | | 8-K | | October 8, 2010 | | | 10.7 | |
| 10.71 | | 2011 Benefit Attestation to Contract H1216 between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. dba Harmony Health Plan of Missouri | | | 8-K | | October 8, 2010 | | | 10.8 | |
| 10.72 | | 2011 Benefit Attestation to Contract H1264 between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Texas, Inc. | | | 8-K | | October 8, 2010 | | | 10.9 | |
| 10.73 | | 2011 Benefit Attestation to Contract H1416 between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. | | | 8-K | | October 8, 2010 | | | 10.10 | |
| 10.74 | | 2011 Benefit Attestation to Contract H1657 between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. dba Harmony Health Plan of Indiana | | | 8-K | | October 8, 2010 | | | 10.11 | |
| | | | | | INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE | |
| Exhibit Number | | Description | | | Form | | Filing Date with SEC | | | Exhibit Number |
| 10.75 | | 2011 Benefit Attestation to Contract H1903 between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of Louisiana, Inc. | | | 8-K | | October 8, 2010 | | | 10.12 | |
| 10.76 | | 2011 Benefit Attestation to Contract H2491 between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare Health Insurance of Arizona | | | 8-K | | October 8, 2010 | | | 10.13 | |
| 10.77 | | 2011 Benefit Attestation to Contract H3361 between the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and WellCare of New York | | | 8-K | | October 8, 2010 | | | 10.14 | |
| 10.78 | | Form of Medicare Mark License Agreement between the Cen-ters for Medicare & Medicaid Services and each of (a) WellCare of Ohio, Inc. (Contract H0117), (b) WellCare of Connecticut, Inc. (Contract H0712), (c) WellCare Health Insurance Plans of New Jersey, Inc. (Contract H0913), (d) WellCare of Florida, Inc. (H1032), (e) WellCare of Georgia, Inc. (H1112), (f) Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. dba Harmony Health Plan of Miss-ouri (H1216), (g) WellCare of Texas, Inc. (H1264), (h) Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. (H1416), (i) Harmony Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. dba Harmony Health Plan of Indiana (H1657), (j) WellCare of Louisiana, Inc. (H1903), (k) WellCare Health Ins-urance of Arizona, Inc. (H2491), (l) WellCare of New York, Inc. (H3361) and (m) WellCare Prescription Insurance, Inc. (S5967) | | | 8-K | | October 8, 2010 | | | 10.15 | |
| 21.1 | | List of subsidiaries † | | | | | | | | | |
| 23.1 | | Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP † | | | | | | | | | |
| 31.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 † | | | | | | | | | |
| 31.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 † | | | | | | | | | |
| 32.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 † | | | | | | | | | |
| 32.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 † | | | | | | | | | |
101.INS | | XBRL Instance Document †† | | | | | | | | | |
101.SCH | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document †† | | | | | | | | | |
101.CAL | | XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document †† | | | | | | | | | |
101 DEF | | XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document †† | | | | | | | | | |
101.LAB | | XBRL Taxonomy Labels Linkbase Document †† | | | | | | | | | |
101.PRE | | XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document †† | | | | | | | | | |
* Denotes a management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement
** Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment.
† Filed herewith
| †† | Furnished herewith and not filed for purposes of Section 11 and Section 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 |