For the six months ended June 30, 2006, total operating expenses were $91.4 million, which compares to total operating expenses of $46.2 million for the comparable period in 2005. The increase of $45.2 million or 98% relates principally to an increase in compensation expense and is described in more detail below. The pre-tax income margin for the six months ended June 30, 2006 was 42% compared to 37% for the comparable period in 2005.
The following table sets forth information relating to our operating expenses, which are reported net of reimbursements:
Our employee compensation and benefits expense in the second quarter of 2006 was $26.4 million, which reflects a 45% ratio of compensation to revenues. This amount compares to $11.7 million for the second quarter of 2005, which reflected a 40% ratio of compensation to revenues. The increase of $14.7 million or 126% is primarily due to the higher level of revenues in the second quarter of 2006 and a higher ratio of compensation to revenues as well as the impact of increased amortization of previously issued restricted stock units. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, our employee compensation and benefits expense was $73.6 million, which compares against $31.7 million of compensation and benefits expense for the six months ended June 30, 2005. The increase of $41.9 million or 132% is primarily due to the higher level of revenues in the first six months of 2006 compared to the comparable period in 2005 and a higher ratio of compensation to revenues as well as the impact of increased amortization of previously issued restricted stock units. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, the ratio of compensation to revenues was 46%, compared to a 43% ratio of compensation to revenues for the comparable period in 2005.
Our non-compensation expenses were $11.2 million in the second quarter of 2006, which compared to $7.8 million in the second quarter of 2005, representing an increase of 44%. The increase is related principally to increases in expenses and provisions for legal contingencies, increases in occupancy and other costs associated with new office space in London and New York, and increases in information services, travel and communications primarily as a result of additional personnel and business development activities, offset in part by the absence of the third-party fee related to fundraising for GCP II in the second quarter of 2006 as compared to the same period in 2005.
For the first six months of 2006, our non-compensation expenses were $17.8 million, which compared to $14.5 million in the first six months of 2005, representing an increase of 23%. The increase is related principally to increases in expenses and provisions for legal contingencies, increases in occupancy and other costs associated with new office space in London, New York and Dallas, and greater information services, travel and communications primarily as a result of additional personnel and business development activities, offset in part by the absence of the third-party fee related to fundraising for GCP II in 2006 as compared to the same period in 2005 and the absence of uncollectible accounts in 2006 as compared to the same period of 2005.
Non-compensation expense as a percentage of revenue in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 were 19% and 11%, respectively, compared to 26% and 20% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005. The decrease in these non-compensation expenses as a percentage of revenue in the three and six months ended June 30, 2006 as compared to the same period in 2005 reflects a modest increase in non-compensation expenses compared to significantly greater revenue.
The Firm’s non-compensation expense as a percentage of revenue can vary as a result of a variety of factors including fluctuation in revenue amounts, the amount of recruiting and business development activity, the amount of reimbursement of engagement-related expenses by clients, currency movements and other factors. Accordingly, the non-compensation expense as a percentage of revenue in any particular period may not be indicative of the non-compensation expense as a percentage of revenue in future periods.
Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for taxes in the second quarter of 2006 was $8.4 million, which reflects an effective tax rate of approximately 39%. This compares to a provision for taxes in the second quarter of 2005 of $3.6 million based on an effective tax rate of approximately 36% for the period. The increase in the provision for taxes is primarily due to higher pre-tax income in the period and a higher effective tax rate primarily due to the fact that a greater proportion of our income was earned in higher tax rate jurisdictions in the second quarter of 2006 compared to the second quarter of 2005.
For the six months ended June 30, 2006, the provision for taxes was $25.8 million, which reflects an effective tax rate of approximately 38%. This compares to a provision for taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2005 of $10.0 million based on an effective tax rate of approximately 37% for the period. The increase in the provision for taxes is primarily due the higher pre-tax income in the period and a higher effective tax rate primarily due to the fact that a greater proportion of our income was earned in higher tax rate jurisdictions in the period.
The effective tax rate can fluctuate as a result of variations in the relative amounts of advisory and merchant banking income earned in the tax jurisdictions in which the Firm operates and invests. Accordingly, the effective tax rate in any particular quarter may not be indicative of the effective tax rate in future periods.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of June 30, 2006, our cash totaled $53.4 million, our investments totaled $95.7 million and we had $3.0 million in short-term debt. Our stockholders’ equity as of June 30, 2006 was $123.6 million.
We had total commitments (not reflected on our balance sheet) relating to future investments in Greenhill Capital Partners, Greenhill SAVP and other merchant banking activities of $93.5 million as of June 30, 2006. These commitments are expected to be drawn on from time to time over a period of up to five years from the relevant commitment dates.
The Firm repurchased 420,850 shares of its common stock in open market purchases at an average price of $64.43 during the second quarter of 2006. The Board of Directors of Greenhill & Co., Inc. has increased the authorization to repurchase of up to $40 million of common stock in open market transactions in the next twelve months.
Dividend
The Board of Directors of Greenhill & Co., Inc. has declared a dividend of $0.19 per share to be paid on September 13, 2006 to common stockholders of record on August 23, 2006.
Greenhill & Co., Inc. is an independent investment banking firm that (i) provides financial advice on significant mergers, acquisitions, restructurings and similar corporate finance matters and (ii) manages merchant banking funds and commits capital to those funds. Greenhill acts for clients located throughout the world from offices in New York, London, Frankfurt, Toronto and Dallas.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
The preceding discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear below. We have made statements in this discussion that are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as ‘‘may’’, ‘‘might’’, ‘‘will’’, ‘‘should’’, ‘‘expect’’, ‘‘plan’’, ‘‘anticipate’’, ‘‘believe’’, ‘‘estimate’’, ‘‘predict’’, ‘‘potential’’ or ‘‘continue’’, the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include projections of our future financial performance, based on our growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, those discussed in our Report on Form 10-K under the caption ‘‘Risk Factors’’.
Greenhill & Co., Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)
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 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | For the Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | For the Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  |  | 2006 |  |  | 2005 |  |  | 2006 |  |  | 2005 |
Revenues |  |  | |  |  | |  |  | |  |  | |
Financial advisory fees |  |  |  | $ | 53,805,027 | |  |  |  | $ | 16,316,783 | |  |  |  | $ | 103,120,543 | |  |  |  | $ | 55,787,498 | |
Merchant banking revenue |  |  |  |  | 4,894,220 | |  |  |  |  | 12,328,021 | |  |  |  |  | 55,841,349 | |  |  |  |  | 16,262,628 | |
Interest income |  |  |  |  | 644,857 | |  |  |  |  | 817,834 | |  |  |  |  | 1,303,183 | |  |  |  |  | 1,340,019 | |
Total Revenues |  |  |  |  | 59,344,104 | |  |  |  |  | 29,462,638 | |  |  |  |  | 160,265,075 | |  |  |  |  | 73,390,145 | |
Expenses |  |  |  |  | | |  |  |  |  | | |  |  |  |  | | |  |  |  |  | | |
Employee compensation and benefits |  |  |  |  | 26,408,125 | |  |  |  |  | 11,732,768 | |  |  |  |  | 73,576,399 | |  |  |  |  | 31,653,161 | |
Occupancy and equipment rental |  |  |  |  | 2,324,013 | |  |  |  |  | 1,631,539 | |  |  |  |  | 4,250,239 | |  |  |  |  | 2,963,745 | |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | 622,022 | |  |  |  |  | 646,038 | |  |  |  |  | 1,192,825 | |  |  |  |  | 1,274,161 | |
Information services |  |  |  |  | 1,335,528 | |  |  |  |  | 940,560 | |  |  |  |  | 2,166,352 | |  |  |  |  | 1,808,306 | |
Professional fees |  |  |  |  | 906,316 | |  |  |  |  | 1,651,947 | |  |  |  |  | 1,653,470 | |  |  |  |  | 2,275,815 | |
Travel related expenses |  |  |  |  | 1,577,849 | |  |  |  |  | 1,413,937 | |  |  |  |  | 2,660,877 | |  |  |  |  | 2,404,384 | |
Other operating expenses |  |  |  |  | 4,460,912 | |  |  |  |  | 1,504,300 | |  |  |  |  | 5,856,683 | |  |  |  |  | 3,781,577 | |
Total Expenses |  |  |  |  | 37,634,765 | |  |  |  |  | 19,521,089 | |  |  |  |  | 91,356,845 | |  |  |  |  | 46,161,149 | |
Income before Tax and Minority Interest |  |  |  |  | 21,709,339 | |  |  |  |  | 9,941,549 | |  |  |  |  | 68,908,230 | |  |  |  |  | 27,228,996 | |
Minority interest in net income of affiliate |  |  |  |  | 43,190 | |  |  |  |  | 130,717 | |  |  |  |  | 1,662,530 | |  |  |  |  | 228,975 | |
Income before Tax |  |  |  |  | 21,666,149 | |  |  |  |  | 9,810,832 | |  |  |  |  | 67,245,700 | |  |  |  |  | 27,000,021 | |
Provision for taxes |  |  |  |  | 8,388,704 | |  |  |  |  | 3,557,565 | |  |  |  |  | 25,757,776 | |  |  |  |  | 9,995,017 | |
Net Income |  |  |  | $ | 13,277,445 | |  |  |  | $ | 6,253,267 | |  |  |  | $ | 41,487,924 | |  |  |  | $ | 17,005,004 | |
Average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  | | |  |  |  |  | | |  |  |  |  | | |  |  |  |  | | |
Basic |  |  |  |  | 29,494,257 | |  |  |  |  | 30,986,722 | |  |  |  |  | 29,545,870 | |  |  |  |  | 30,950,653 | |
Diluted |  |  |  |  | 29,729,213 | |  |  |  |  | 31,080,138 | |  |  |  |  | 29,757,056 | |  |  |  |  | 31,021,351 | |
Earnings per share |  |  |  |  | | |  |  |  |  | | |  |  |  |  | | |  |  |  |  | | |
Basic |  |  |  | $ | 0.45 | |  |  |  | $ | 0.20 | |  |  |  | $ | 1.40 | |  |  |  | $ | 0.55 | |
Diluted |  |  |  | $ | 0.45 | |  |  |  | $ | 0.20 | |  |  |  | $ | 1.39 | |  |  |  | $ | 0.55 | |
 |