MARKET RISK AND DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2015 |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] | |
MARKET RISK AND DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS | NOTE 20 - MARKET RISK AND DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS |
The Company is directly and indirectly affected by changes in certain market conditions. These changes in market conditions may adversely impact the Company's financial performance and are referred to as "market risks." When deemed appropriate, the Company uses derivatives as a risk management tool to mitigate the potential impact of certain market risks. The primary market risks managed by the Company through the use of derivative instruments are interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk. |
The Company may hold various derivatives in the ordinary course of business, including warrants, interest rate swaps, forward contracts, options and interest rate lock commitments. Warrants are securities that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to purchase securities from an issuer at a specific price within a specified time period. Options are contracts sold by one party to another that give the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a financial asset at an agreed-upon price during a certain period of time or on a specific date. Interest rate swap agreements are contracts between two parties to exchange cash flows based on specified underlying notional amounts, assets and/or indices. Forward contracts represent future commitments to either purchase or to deliver loans, securities or a quantity of a currency at a predetermined future date, at a predetermined rate or price and are used to manage interest rate risk on loan commitments and mortgage loans held for sale as well as currency risk with respect to the Company's long positions in foreign currency-denominated investment securities. Rate lock commitments represent commitments to fund loans at a specific rate and by a specified time and are used to mitigate risk of changes in interest rate in the Company's residential mortgage loan portfolio. |
A significant market risk to the Company is interest rate risk. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond the Company’s control. Changes in the general level of interest rates can affect net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on interest-earning assets and the interest expense incurred in connection with the interest-bearing liabilities, by affecting the spread between the interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Changes in the level of interest rates also can affect the value of the Company’s interest-earning assets and the Company’s ability to realize gains from the sale of these assets. A decline in the value of the Company’s interest-earning assets pledged as collateral for borrowings could result in the counterparties demanding additional collateral pledges or liquidation of some of the existing collateral to reduce borrowing levels. |
The Company seeks to manage the extent to which net income changes as a function of changes in interest rates by matching adjustable-rate assets with variable-rate borrowings. During periods of changing interest rates, interest rate mismatches could negatively impact the Company’s consolidated financial condition, consolidated results of operations and consolidated cash flows. In addition, the Company mitigates the potential impact on net income of periodic and lifetime coupon adjustment restrictions in its investment portfolio by entering into interest rate hedging agreements such as interest rate caps and interest rate swaps. |
At March 31, 2015, the Company had 11 interest rate swap contracts outstanding whereby the Company paid an average fixed rate of 4.78% and received a variable rate equal to either one-month LIBOR or three-month LIBOR. The aggregate notional amount of these contracts was $136.1 million at March 31, 2015. The counterparties for the Company’s designated interest rate hedge contracts at such date were Credit Suisse International and Wells Fargo. The Company had master netting agreements with Credit Suisse International and Wells Fargo at March 31, 2015. Regulations promulgated under the Dodd-Frank Act mandate that the Company clear certain new interest rate swap transactions through a central counterparty. Transactions that are centrally cleared result in the Company facing a clearing house, rather than a swap dealer, as counterparty. Central clearing requires the Company to post collateral in the form of initial and variation margin to our Futures Commission Merchant. As of March 31, 2015, the Company had centrally cleared derivatives with a fair value of a liability of $24,000. |
At December 31, 2014, the Company had 10 interest rate swap contracts outstanding whereby the Company paid an average fixed rate of 5.12% and received a variable rate equal to one-month LIBOR. The aggregate notional amount of these contracts was $124.0 million at December 31, 2014. The counterparties for the Company’s designated interest rate hedge contracts are Credit Suisse International and Wells Fargo with which the Company has master netting agreements. |
The estimated fair value of the Company’s liability related to interest rate swaps was $7.5 million and $8.7 million as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The Company had aggregate unrealized losses of $7.8 million and $9.0 million on the interest rate swap agreements as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, which is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. The amortization is reflected in interest expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. In connection with the June 2007 close of RREF CDO 2007-1, the Company realized a swap termination gain of $2.6 million, which is being amortized over the term of RREF CDO 2007-1. The accretion is reflected in interest expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. In connection with the termination of a $53.6 million swap related to RREF CDO 2006-1 during the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the Company realized a swap termination loss of $4.2 million, which is being amortized over the term of a new $45.0 million swap. The amortization is reflected in interest expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. In connection with the payoff of a fixed-rate commercial real estate loan during the three months ended September 30, 2008, the Company terminated a $12.7 million swap and realized a $574,000 swap termination loss, which is being amortized over the original term of the terminated swap. The amortization is reflected in interest expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of income. |
The Company is also exposed to currency exchange risk, a form of risk that arises from the change in price of one currency against another. Substantially all of the Company's revenues are transacted in U.S. dollars; however, a significant amount of the Company's capital is exposed to other currencies, primarily the euro and the pound sterling. To address this market risk, the Company generally hedges foreign currency-denominated exposures (typically investments in debt instruments, including forecasted principal and interest payments) with currency forward contracts. The Company classifies these hedges as fair value hedges, which are hedges that eliminate the risk of changes in the fair values of assets, liabilities, and certain types of firm commitments. The Company records changes in fair value of derivatives designated and effective as fair value hedges in earnings, offset by corresponding changes in the fair values of the hedges items. |
Forward contracts also contain an element of risk in that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of such agreements. In the event the parties to deliver commitments are unable to fulfill their obligations, the Company could potentially incur significant additional costs by replacing the positions at then current market rates. The Company manages its risk of exposure by limiting counterparties to those banks and institutions deemed appropriate by management. The Company does not expect any counterparty to default on its obligations and, therefore, the Company does not expect to incur any cost related to counterparty default. |
The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on loans held for sale and interest rate lock commitments. As market interest rates increase or decrease, the fair value of mortgage loans held for sale and rate lock commitments will decline or increase accordingly. To offset this interest rate risk, the Company may enter into derivatives such as forward contracts to sell loans. The fair value of these forward sales contracts will change as market interest rates change, and the change in the value of these instruments is expected to largely, though not entirely, offset the change in fair value of loans held for sale and rate lock commitments. The objective of this activity is to minimize the exposure to losses on rate lock commitments and loans held for sale due to market interest rate fluctuations. The net effect of derivatives on earnings will depend on risk management activities and a variety of other factors, including market interest rate volatility, the amount of interest rate lock commitments that close, the ability to fill the forward contracts before expiration, and the time period required to close and sell loans. |
During the warehousing phase of the Company’s investments in structured vehicles, the Company may enter into total return swaps to finance the Company’s exposure to assets that will ultimately be securitized. A total return swap is a swap agreement in which one party makes payments based on a set rate, while the other party makes payments based on the return of an underlying asset. Traditionally, the Company pays either an indexed or fixed interest payment to the warehousing lender and receives the net interest income and realized capital gains of the referenced portfolio of assets, generally loans, to be securitized that are owned and held by the warehousing lender. Upon the close of the warehousing period, the Company’s invested equity plus net interest and any capital gains realized during the warehousing period are returned to the Company. Additionally, upon the close of the securitization, the Company may purchase beneficial interests in the securitization at fair value. |
The following tables present the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Company's consolidated balance sheets and on the consolidated statements of income for the years presented: |
|
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments as of March 31, 2015 |
(in thousands) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Asset Derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Notional Amount | | Balance Sheet Location | | Fair Value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate lock agreements | $ | 137,983 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 2,761 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward contracts - residential mortgage lending | $ | 78,968 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 384 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward contracts - foreign currency, hedging (1)(2) | $ | 40,005 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 7,016 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Warrants | $ | 492 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 859 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return swap | $ | 3,000 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 3,016 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Liability Derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Notional Amount | | Balance Sheet Location | | Fair Value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swap contracts, hedging (3) | $ | 136,129 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 7,539 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate lock agreements | $ | 511 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward contracts - residential mortgage lending | $ | 155,000 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 1,204 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward contracts - TBA securities | $ | 23,500 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 115 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swap contracts | $ | 136,129 | | | Accumulated other comprehensive income | | $ | 7,539 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-1 | Notional amount presented on currency converted basis. The notional amount of the Company's foreign currency hedging forward contracts was €37.3 million as of March 31, 2015. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-2 | Foreign currency forward contracts are accounted for as fair value hedges. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-3 | Interest rate swap contracts are accounted for as cash flow hedges. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments as of December 31, 2014 |
(in thousands) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Asset Derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Notional Amount | | Balance Sheet Location | | Fair Value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate lock agreements | $ | 59,467 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 970 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward contracts - residential mortgage lending | $ | 5,000 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward contracts - RMBS securities | $ | 42,614 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 1,297 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward contracts - foreign currency, hedging (1)(2) | $ | 54,948 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 3,377 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Options - U.S. Treasury futures | $ | 90 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 52 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Warrants | $ | 492 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 898 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Liability Derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Notional Amount | | Balance Sheet Location | | Fair Value | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swap contracts, hedging (3) | $ | 124,017 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 8,680 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate lock agreements | $ | 798 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 10 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward contracts - residential mortgage lending | $ | 154,692 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 1,036 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward contracts - TBA securities | $ | 15,000 | | | Derivatives, at fair value | | $ | 47 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swap contracts | $ | 124,017 | | | Accumulated other comprehensive income | | $ | 8,680 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-1 | Notional amount presented on currency converted basis. The notional amount of the Company's foreign currency hedging forward contracts was €45.4 million as of December 31, 2014. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-2 | Foreign currency forward contracts are accounted for as fair value hedges. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
-3 | Interest rate swap contracts are accounted for as cash flow hedges. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Statements of Income for the |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2015 |
(in thousands) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Notional Amount | | Statement of Income Location | | Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swap contracts, hedging | $ | 136,129 | | | Interest expense | | $ | 1,634 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swap contracts, hedging | $ | 15,000 | | | Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on sales of investment securities available-for-sale and loans and derivatives | | $ | 112 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate lock agreements | $ | 138,494 | | | Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on sales of investment securities available-for-sale and loans and derivatives | | $ | 2,759 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward contracts - RMBS securities | $ | 38,865 | | | Net realized gain on sales of investment securities available-for-sale and loans | | $ | 46 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward contracts - residential mortgage lending | $ | 233,968 | | | Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on sales of investment securities available-for-sale and loans and derivatives | | $ | 283 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward contracts - foreign currency, hedging | $ | 40,004 | | | Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on sales of investment securities available-for-sale and loans and derivatives | | $ | 3,638 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Options - U.S. Treasury futures | $ | 190 | | | Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on sales of investment securities available-for-sale and loans and derivatives | | $ | 199 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward contracts - TBA securities | $ | 23,500 | | | Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on sales of investment securities available-for-sale and loans and derivatives | | $ | (115 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1)Negative values indicate a decrease to the associated balance sheets or consolidated statements of income line items. |
|
|
The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Statements of Income for the |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2014 |
(in thousands) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Derivatives | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Notional Amount | | Statement of Income Location | | Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swap contracts | $ | 126,111 | | | Interest expense | | $ | 1,626 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate lock agreements | $ | 33,912 | | | Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on sales of investment securities available-for-sale and loans and derivatives | | $ | 433 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forward contracts - residential mortgage lending | $ | 48,890 | | | Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on sales of investment securities available-for-sale and loans and derivatives | | $ | 60 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1)Negative values indicate a decrease to the associated balance sheets or consolidated statements of income line items. |
Linked Transactions |
As the result of an accounting standards update adopted on January 1, 2015 (see Note 2), the Company unlinked its previously linked transactions and disclosed affected asset, liability, income and expense balances at their gross values in its consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, the Company had no financing arrangements being accounted for as linked transactions as of March 31, 2015. |
The Company's linked transactions were evaluated on a combined basis, reported as forward (derivative) instruments and presented as assets on the Company's consolidated balance sheets in the line item linked transactions, net at fair value. The fair value of linked transactions reflected the value of the underlying CMBS, linked repurchase agreement borrowings and accrued interest payable on such instruments. The Company's linked transactions were not designated as hedging instruments and, as a result, the change in the fair value and net interest income from linked transactions was reported in unrealized gain (loss) and net interest income on linked transactions, net on the Company's consolidated statements of income. |
As of December 31, 2014, the Company held non-hedging linked transactions, net at fair value of $15.4 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2014, the Company recorded unrealized gain and net interest income on linked transactions of$2.3 million. |
|
The following table presents certain information about the components of the unrealized gain (loss) and net interest income from linked transactions, net, included in the Company's consolidated statements of income for the periods presented as follows ( in thousands): |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2015 | | 2014 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Components of Unrealized Net (Losses) Gains and Net Interest Income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income from linked transactions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest income attributable to CMBS underlying linked transactions | $ | — | | | $ | 739 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense attributable to linked repurchase | — | | | (197 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
agreement borrowings underlying linked transactions | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Change in fair value of linked transactions included in earnings | — | | | 1,763 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gain (loss) and net interest income from linked transactions, net | $ | — | | | $ | 2,305 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table summarizes the Company's investment securities, underlying linked transactions,which are carried at fair value (in thousands): |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Amortized Cost | | Unrealized Gains | | Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2014: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
CMBS linked transactions | $ | 48,138 | | | $ | 539 | | | $ | (72 | ) | | $ | 48,605 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
The following table summarizes the estimated maturities of the Company’s CMBS linked transactions according to their estimated weighted average life classifications (in thousands, except percentages): |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted Average Life | Fair Value | | Amortized Cost | | Weighted Average Coupon | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2014: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Less than one year | $ | 7,834 | | | $ | 7,775 | | | 5.36% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Greater than one year and less than five years | 36,587 | | | 36,274 | | | 4.65% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Greater than five years and less than ten years | 4,184 | | | 4,089 | | | 4.52% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Greater than ten years | — | | | — | | | —% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | $ | 48,605 | | | $ | 48,138 | | | 4.66% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
The following table shows the fair value, gross unrealized losses and the length of time the investment securities available-for-sale have been in a continuous unrealized loss position during the periods specified (in thousands): |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Less than 12 Months | | More than 12 Months | | Total |
| Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Gross Unrealized Losses |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2014: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
CMBS linked transactions | $ | 7,609 | | | $ | (57 | ) | | $ | 777 | | | $ | (15 | ) | | $ | 8,386 | | | $ | (72 | ) |
|
|
|
The following table summarizes the Company's CMBS linked repurchase agreements (in thousands, except percentages): |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | As of December 31, 2014 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Maturity or Repricing | | Balance | | Weighted Average Interest Rate | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Within 30 days | | $ | 33,397 | | | 1.56 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
>30 days to 90 days | | — | | | — | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 33,397 | | | 1.56 | % | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |