Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” and to the use of our report dated March 26, 2019 (except for the fourth paragraph of Note 1, as to which the date is January 17, 2020) in Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement onForm S-1 (No. 333-235951) and the related Prospectus of aTyr Pharma, Inc. for the registration of shares of its common stock.
| /s/ Ernst & Young LLP |
San Diego, California
January 26, 2020
