Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 4 - Allowance for Loan Losses Management segregates the loan portfolio into loan types and analyzes the risk level for each loan type when determining its allowance for loan losses. The loan types are as follows: Real Estate Loans: · One- to Four-Family – are loans secured by first lien collateral on residential real estate primarily held in the Western New York region. These loans can be affected by economic conditions and the value of underlying properties. Western New York’s housing market has consistently demonstrated stability in home prices despite economic conditions. Furthermore, the Company has conservative underwriting standards and its residential lending policies and procedures ensure that its one- to four-family residential mortgage loans generally conform to secondary market guidelines. · Home Equity - are loans or lines of credit secured by first or second liens on owner-occupied residential real estate primarily held in the Western New York region. These loans can also be affected by economic conditions and the values of underlying properties. Home equity loans may have increased risk of loss if the Company does not hold the first mortgage resulting in the Company being in a secondary position in the event of collateral liquidation. The Company does not originate interest only home equity loans. · Commercial Real Estate – are loans used to finance the purchase of real property, which generally consists of developed real estate that is held as first lien collateral for the loan. These loans are secured by real estate properties that are primarily held in the Western New York region. Commercial real estate lending involves additional risks compared with one- to four-family residential lending, because payments on loans secured by commercial real estate properties are often dependent on the successful operation or management of the properties, and/or the collateral value of the commercial real estate securing the loan, and repayment of such loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or economic conditions to a greater extent than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. Also, commercial real estate loans typically involve relatively large loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. · Construction – are loans to finance the construction of either one- to four-family owner occupied homes or commercial real estate. At the end of the construction period, the loan automatically converts to either a one- to four-family or commercial mortgage, as applicable. Risk of loss on a construction loan depends largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the value of the property at completion compared to the actual cost of construction. The Company limits its risk during construction as disbursements are not made until the required work for each advance has been completed and an updated lien search is performed. The completion of the construction progress is verified by a Company loan officer or inspections performed by an independent appraisal firm. Construction loans also expose us to the risk of construction delays which may impair the borrower’s ability to repay the loan. Other Loans: · Commercial – includes business installment loans, lines of credit, and other commercial loans. Most of our commercial loans have fixed interest rates, and are for terms generally not in excess of 5 years. Whenever possible, we collateralize these loans with a lien on business assets and equipment and require the personal guarantees from principals of the borrower. Commercial loans generally involve a higher degree of credit risk, as commercial loans can involve relatively large loan balances to a single borrower or groups of related borrowers, with the repayment of such loans typically dependent on the successful operation of the commercial business and the income stream of the borrower. Such risks can be significantly affected by economic conditions. Although commercial loans may be collateralized by equipment or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral in the event of a borrower default may be an insufficient source of repayment because the equipment or other business assets may be obsolete or of limited use, among other things. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial loan depends primarily on the credit worthiness of the borrowers (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a secondary and often insufficient source of repayment. · Consumer – consist of loans secured by collateral such as an automobile or a deposit account, unsecured loans and lines of credit. Consumer loans tend to have a higher credit risk due to the loans being either unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciable assets. Furthermore, consumer loan payments are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and therefore are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. The allowance for loan losses is a valuation account that reflects the Company’s evaluation of the losses inherent in its loan portfolio. In order to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, the Company estimates losses by loan type using historical loss factors, as well as other environmental factors, such as trends in loan volume and loan type, loan concentrations, changes in the experience, ability and depth of the Company’s lending management, and national and local economic conditions. The Company's determination as to the classification of loans and the amount of loss allowances are subject to review by bank regulators, which can require the establishment of additional loss allowances. The Company also reviews all loans on which the collectability of principal may not be reasonably assured, by reviewing payment status, financial conditions and estimated value of loan collateral. These loans are assigned an internal loan grade, and the Company assigns an amount of loss allowances to these classified loans based on loan grade. Although the allocations noted below are by loan type, the allowance for loan losses is general in nature and is available to offset losses from any loan in the Company’s portfolio. The unallocated component of the allowance for loan losses reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for existing specific and general losses in the portfolio. The projected economic impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s allowance for loan losses resulted in $480,000 of additional provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The additional provision was primarily due to an adjustment of certain qualitative factors in order to take into account the uncertain impacts of COVID-19 on economic conditions and borrowers’ ability to repay the loans. The increase in the provision for loan losses for this period was also driven by net charge-offs, additional allowances due to the increase in classified loans, growth and changes in the mix of the underlying portfolio and changes in the historical loss factor. The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and the distribution of the allowance for loan losses and loans receivable by loan portfolio class and impairment method as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019: Real Estate Loans Other Loans One- to Four-Family (2) Home Equity Commercial Construction - Commercial Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2020 Allowance for Loan Losses: Balance – January 1, 2020 $ 436 $ 129 $ 2,682 $ 388 $ 478 $ 26 $ 128 $ 4,267 Charge-offs - - - - (5) (8) - (13) Recoveries - - 1 - 2 3 - 6 Provision (credit) 45 35 374 81 56 6 (97) 500 Balance – March 31, 2020 $ 481 $ 164 $ 3,057 $ 469 $ 531 $ 27 $ 31 $ 4,760 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 481 $ 164 $ 3,057 $ 469 $ 531 $ 27 $ 31 $ 4,760 Gross Loans Receivable (1) : Ending balance $ 152,328 $ 45,958 $ 214,943 $ 34,701 $ 25,482 $ 1,193 $ - $ 474,605 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 223 $ 16 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 239 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 152,105 $ 45,942 $ 214,943 $ 34,701 $ 25,482 $ 1,193 $ - $ 474,366 (1) Gross Loans Receivable does not include allowance for loan losses of $ ( 4,760 ) or deferred loan costs of $ 3,509 . (2) Includes one- to four-family construction loans. Real Estate Loans Other Loans One- to Four-Family (1) Home Equity Commercial Construction - Commercial Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2019 Balance – January 1, 2019 $ 471 $ 91 $ 2,020 $ 250 $ 507 $ 25 $ 84 $ 3,448 Charge-offs - (4) - - - (14) - (18) Recoveries 8 - 1 - - 1 - 10 Provision (credit) 10 35 21 80 (93) 16 6 75 Balance – March 31, 2019 $ 489 $ 122 $ 2,042 $ 330 $ 414 $ 28 $ 90 $ 3,515 (1) Includes one– to four-family construction loans. Real Estate Loans Other Loans One- to Four-Family (2) Home Equity Commercial Construction - Commercial Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 Allowance for Loan Losses: Balance – December 31, 2019 $ 436 $ 129 $ 2,682 $ 388 $ 478 $ 26 $ 128 $ 4,267 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 436 $ 129 $ 2,682 $ 388 $ 478 $ 26 $ 128 $ 4,267 Gross Loans Receivable (1) : Ending Balance $ 154,749 $ 45,250 $ 211,220 $ 32,299 $ 26,720 $ 1,297 $ - $ 471,535 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 166 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 166 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 154,583 $ 45,250 $ 211,220 $ 32,299 $ 26,720 $ 1,297 $ - $ 471,369 (1) Gross Loans Receivable does not include allowance for loan losses of $ ( 4,267 ) or deferred loan costs of $3,548 . (2) Includes one- to four-family construction loans. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will not be able to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled payments when due. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial real estate loans and commercial loans. Larger groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer, home equity, or one- to four-family loans for impairment disclosure, unless they are subject to a troubled debt restructuring. The following is a summary of information pertaining to impaired loans at or for the periods indicated: Unpaid Average Interest Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized For the Three Months Ended At March 31, 2020 March 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Residential, one- to four-family $ 223 $ 223 $ - $ 225 $ 3 Home equity 16 16 - 16 - Total impaired loans with no related allowance 239 239 - 241 3 Unpaid Average Interest Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized For the Year Ended At December 31, 2019 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Residential, one- to four-family $ 166 $ 166 $ - $ 173 $ 10 Commercial real estate (1) - - - 27 - Total impaired loans with no related allowance 166 166 - 200 10 With an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate (2) - - - 260 8 Commercial loans (3) - - - 31 1 Total impaired loans with an allowance - - - 291 9 Total of impaired loans: Residential, one- to four-family 166 166 - 173 10 Commercial real estate - - - 287 8 Commercial loans - - - 31 1 Total impaired loans $ 166 $ 166 $ - $ 491 $ 19 (1) This loan was paid off during the year ended December 31, 2019. (2) This line item consisted of two commercial real estate loans with a combined recorded investment of $294,000 and a related allowance of $40,000 . One commercial real estate loan was paid off in full and the other commercial real estate loan was charged off during the year ended December 31, 2019. (3) A commercial business loan with a recorded investment of $30,000 and a related allowance of $15,000 was partially paid off during the year ended December 31, 2019, with the remaining balance being recorded as a loss. The following tables provide an analysis of past due loans and non-accruing loans as of the dates indicated: 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days or More Total Past Current Total Loans Loans on Non- Past Due Past Due Past Due Due Due Receivable Accrual (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2020: Real Estate Loans: Residential, one- to four-family (1) $ 763 $ 328 $ 2,026 $ 3,117 $ 149,211 $ 152,328 $ 3,218 Home equity 195 12 616 823 45,135 45,958 660 Commercial - - - - 214,943 214,943 - Construction - commercial - - - - 34,701 34,701 - Other Loans: Commercial - - - - 25,482 25,482 - Consumer 17 5 7 29 1,164 1,193 7 Total $ 975 $ 345 $ 2,649 $ 3,969 $ 470,636 $ 474,605 $ 3,885 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days or More Total Past Current Total Loans Loans on Non- Past Due Past Due Past Due Due Due Receivable Accrual (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019: Real Estate Loans: Residential, one- to four-family (1) $ 1,245 $ 672 $ 1,924 $ 3,841 $ 150,908 $ 154,749 $ 2,845 Home equity 168 162 583 913 44,337 45,250 590 Commercial - 1,133 - 1,133 210,087 211,220 - Construction - commercial - - - - 32,299 32,299 - Other Loans: Commercial - - - - 26,720 26,720 - Consumer 8 - 2 10 1,287 1,297 2 Total $ 1,421 $ 1,967 $ 2,509 $ 5,897 $ 465,638 $ 471,535 $ 3,437 (1) Includes one- to four-family construction loans. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payments as they become due. A loan does not have to be 90 days delinquent in order to be classified as non-accrual. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. If ultimate collection of principal is in doubt, all cash receipts on impaired loans are applied to reduce the principal balance . The Company’s policies provide for the classification of loans as follows: · Pass/Performing; · Special Mention – does not currently expose the Company to a sufficient degree of risk but does possess credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving the Company’s close attention; · Substandard – has one or more well-defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. A substandard asset would be one inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or pledged collateral, if applicable; · Doubtful – has all the weaknesses inherent in substandard loans with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values questionable, and there is a high possibility of loss; and · Loss – loan is considered uncollectible and continuance without the establishment of a specific valuation reserve is not warranted. The Company’s Asset Classification Committee is responsible for monitoring risk ratings and making changes as deemed appropriate. Each commercial loan is individually assigned a loan classification. The Company’s consumer loans, including residential one- to four-family loans and home equity loans, are not classified as described above. Instead, the Company uses the delinquency status as the basis for classifying these loans. Generally, all consumer loans more than 90 days past due are classified and placed in non-accrual. Such loans that are well-secured and in the process of collection will remain in accrual status. The following tables summarize the internal loan grades applied to the Company’s loan portfolio as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019: Pass/Performing Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2020 Real Estate Loans: Residential, one- to four-family (1) $ 149,391 $ - $ 2,937 $ - $ - $ 152,328 Home equity 44,949 - 1,009 - - 45,958 Commercial 210,686 3,647 610 - - 214,943 Construction - commercial 34,701 - - - - 34,701 Other Loans: Commercial 20,079 5,403 - - - 25,482 Consumer 1,186 - 7 - - 1,193 Total $ 460,992 $ 9,050 $ 4,563 $ - $ - $ 474,605 Pass/Performing Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 Real Estate Loans: Residential, one- to four-family (1) $ 152,115 $ - $ 2,634 $ - $ - $ 154,749 Home equity 44,403 - 847 - - 45,250 Commercial 208,042 2,573 605 - - 211,220 Construction - commercial 32,299 - - - - 32,299 Other Loans: Commercial 22,295 4,425 - - - 26,720 Consumer 1,295 - 2 - - 1,297 Total $ 460,449 $ 6,998 $ 4,088 $ - $ - $ 471,535 (1) Includes one- to four-family construction loans. Troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) occur when we grant borrowers concessions that we would not otherwise grant but for economic or legal reasons pertaining to the borrower’s financial difficulties. A concession is made when the terms of the loan modification are more favorable than the terms the borrower would have received in the current market under similar financial difficulties. These concessions may include, but are not limited to, modifications of the terms of the debt, the transfer of assets or the issuance of an equity interest by the borrower to satisfy all or part of the debt, or the addition of borrower(s). The Company identifies loans for potential TDRs primarily through direct communication with the borrower and evaluation of the borrower’s financial statements, revenue projections, tax returns, and credit reports. Even if the borrower is not presently in default, management will consider the likelihood that cash flow shortages, adverse economic conditions, and negative trends may result in a payment default in the near future. Generally, we will not return a TDR to accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability to make principal and interest payments under the restructured terms for at least six consecutive months. The Company’s TDRs are impaired loans, which may result in specific allocations and subsequent charge-offs if appropriate. Some loan modifications classified as TDRs may not ultimately result in full collection of principal and interest, as modified, which may result in potential losses. These potential losses have been factored into our overall estimate of the allowance for loan losses. The following table summarizes the loans that were classified as TDRs as of the dates indicated: Non-Accruing Accruing TDRs That Have Defaulted on Modified Terms Year to Date Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment (Dollars in thousands) At March 31, 2020 Real Estate Loans: Residential, one- to four-family 6 $ 223 1 $ 26 5 $ 197 - $ - Home equity 1 16 - - 1 16 - - At December 31, 2019 Real Estate Loans: Residential, one- to four-family 5 $ 166 1 $ 28 4 $ 138 - $ - No additional loan commitments were outstanding to these borrowers at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The following table details the activity in loans which were first deemed to be TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2020. For The Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans: Residential, one- to four-family 1 $ 59 $ 59 Home equity 1 16 16 Total 2 $ 75 $ 75 There were no loans restructured and classified as TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2019. As of May 11, 2020, we had executed principal and interest payment deferrals on 219 loans representing outstanding loan balances of $103.1 million in connection with the COVID-19 relief provided by the CARES Act. 88.2% of the total loans with payment deferrals were for commercial real estate loans and commercial business loans, while the remaining 11.8% were for residential mortgage, home equity and consumer loans. These deferrals were generally no more than three months in duration and were not considered troubled debt restructurings based on the CARES Act and interagency guidance issued in March 2020. Foreclosed real estate consists of property acquired in settlement of loans which is carried at its fair value less estimated selling costs. Write-downs from cost to fair value less estimated selling costs are recorded at the date of acquisition or repossession and are charged to the allowance for loan losses. Foreclosed real estate was $710,000 and $779,000 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and was included as a component of other assets on the consolidated statements of financial condition. The recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction was $1.3 million and $1.8 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. |