Allowance for Loan Losses | Note 4 - Allowance for Loan Losses Management segregates the loan portfolio into loan types and analyzes the risk level for each loan type when determining its allowance for loan losses. The loan types are as follows: Real Estate Loans: · One- to Four-Family – are loans secured by first lien collateral on residential real estate primarily held in the Western New York region. These loans can be affected by economic conditions and the value of underlying properties. Western New York’s housing market has consistently demonstrated stability in home prices despite economic conditions. Furthermore, the Company has conservative underwriting standards and its residential lending policies and procedures ensure that its one- to four-family residential mortgage loans generally conform to secondary market guidelines. · Home Equity - are loans or lines of credit secured by first or second liens on owner-occupied residential real estate primarily held in the Western New York region. These loans can also be affected by economic conditions and the values of underlying properties. Home equity loans may have increased risk of loss if the Company does not hold the first mortgage resulting in the Company being in a secondary position in the event of collateral liquidation. The Company does not originate interest only home equity loans. · Commercial Real Estate – are loans used to finance the purchase of real property, which generally consists of developed real estate that is held as first lien collateral for the loan. These loans are secured by real estate properties that are primarily held in the Western New York region. Commercial real estate lending involves additional risks compared with one- to four-family residential lending, because payments on loans secured by commercial real estate properties are often dependent on the successful operation or management of the properties, and/or the collateral value of the commercial real estate securing the loan, and repayment of such loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or economic conditions to a greater extent than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. Also, commercial real estate loans typically involve relatively large loan balances concentrated with single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. · Construction – are loans to finance the construction of either one- to four-family owner occupied homes or commercial real estate. At the end of the construction period, the loan automatically converts to either a one- to four-family or commercial mortgage, as applicable. Risk of loss on a construction loan depends largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the value of the property at completion compared to the actual cost of construction. The Company limits its risk during construction as disbursements are not made until the required work for each advance has been completed and an updated lien search is performed. The completion of the construction progress is verified by a Company loan officer or inspections performed by an independent appraisal firm. Construction loans also expose us to the risk of construction delays which may impair the borrower’s ability to repay the loan. Other Loans: · Commercial – includes business installment loans, lines of credit, and other commercial loans. Most of our commercial loans have fixed interest rates, and are for terms generally not in excess of 5 years. Whenever possible, we collateralize these loans with a lien on business assets and equipment and require the personal guarantees from principals of the borrower. Commercial loans generally involve a higher degree of credit risk, as commercial loans can involve relatively large loan balances to a single borrower or groups of related borrowers, with the repayment of such loans typically dependent on the successful operation of the commercial business and the income stream of the borrower. Such risks can be significantly affected by economic conditions. Although commercial loans may be collateralized by equipment or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral in the event of a borrower default may be an insufficient source of repayment because the equipment or other business assets may be obsolete or of limited use, among other things. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial loan depends primarily on the credit worthiness of the borrowers (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a secondary and often insufficient source of repayment. · Consumer – consist of loans secured by collateral such as an automobile or a deposit account, unsecured loans and lines of credit. Consumer loans tend to have a higher credit risk due to the loans being either unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciable assets. Furthermore, consumer loan payments are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and therefore are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. The allowance for loan losses is a valuation account that reflects the Company’s evaluation of the losses inherent in its loan portfolio. In order to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, the Company estimates losses by loan type using historical loss factors, as well as other environmental factors, such as trends in loan volume and loan type, loan concentrations, changes in the experience, ability and depth of the Company’s lending management, and national and local economic conditions. The Company's determination as to the classification of loans and the amount of loss allowances are subject to review by bank regulators, which can require the establishment of additional loss allowances. The Company also reviews all loans on which the collectability of principal may not be reasonably assured, by reviewing payment status, financial conditions and estimated value of loan collateral. These loans are assigned an internal loan grade, and the Company assigns an amount of loss allowances to these classified loans based on loan grade. Although the allocations noted below are by loan type, the allowance for loan losses is general in nature and is available to offset losses from any loan in the Company’s portfolio. The unallocated component of the allowance for loan losses reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for existing specific and general losses in the portfolio. The projected economic impact of COVID-19 resulted in the Company recording an $828,000 provision to allowance for loan losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 to account for adjustments to certain qualitative factors that reflected the uncertain aspects of the pandemic on economic conditions and borrowers’ ability to repay the loans. A general review of all commercial real estate and commercial business loans that received an initial loan payment deferral as a result of the COVID-19 impact was performed. Refer to Note 2 – New Accounting Standards for information on the loan payment deferrals granted by the Bank. At this time management has not changed its classification of these loans due to the quality knowledge our loan officers have obtained from their discussions with the borrowers and due to the strength of the collateral and guarantors. Management continues to carefully monitor those borrowers who remain on payment deferral for additional signs of distress that would result in a downgrade in loan classification. The net provision for loan losses of $1.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included a $297,000 provision related to additional adjustments which were made to account for, increases in classified loans, net loan charge-offs, changes in the historical loss factor, loan originations and payoffs and changes in the mix of the loan portfolio. The Company is participating in the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) under the CARES Act. The CARES Act authorized the SBA to guarantee loans under a new 7(a) loan program known as the PPP. As a qualified SBA lender, the Company was automatically authorized to originate PPP loans. The SBA will guarantee 100% of the PPP loans made to eligible borrowers. During the first nine months of 2020, the Bank originated 252 SBA PPP loans for our customers, which totaled $26.9 million. We funded $18.4 million of PPP loans directly with the remaining $8.5 million funded indirectly via our partnership with Pursuit, a SBA lender that operates in the northeast. At September 30, 2020, there were $18.6 million in PPP loans outstanding and recorded as commercial business loans. In accordance with the SBA terms and conditions on these PPP loans, the Company recorded approximately $247,000 in net fees associated with the processing of these loans. Upon funding the loans, the net fees were deferred and will be amortized over the life of the loans as an adjustment to yield. We are in the process of assisting borrowers who have received PPP loans with the forgiveness application phase of the program. As of September 30, 2020, we have not yet submitted any forgiveness applications with the SBA. It is expected that most customers will apply and receive PPP loan forgiveness during the next six months, upon which any unamortized deferred fees will be recognized as an adjustment to interest income . The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and the distribution of the allowance for loan losses and loans receivable by loan portfolio class and impairment method as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: Real Estate Loans Other Loans One- to Four-Family (2) Home Equity Commercial Construction - Commercial Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total (Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2020 Allowance for Loan Losses: Balance – July 1, 2020 $ 426 $ 169 $ 3,377 $ 554 $ 481 $ 34 $ 23 $ 5,064 Charge-offs - (6) - - - (17) - (23) Recoveries - - - - - 6 - 6 Provision (credit) (23) - 67 6 179 1 70 300 Balance – September 30, 2020 $ 403 $ 163 $ 3,444 $ 560 $ 660 $ 24 $ 93 $ 5,347 Balance – January 1, 2020 $ 436 $ 129 $ 2,682 $ 388 $ 478 $ 26 $ 128 $ 4,267 Charge-offs (26) (6) - - (5) (27) - (64) Recoveries - 1 1 - 4 13 - 19 Provision (credit) (7) 39 761 172 183 12 (35) 1,125 Balance – September 30, 2020 $ 403 $ 163 $ 3,444 $ 560 $ 660 $ 24 $ 93 $ 5,347 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 403 $ 163 $ 3,444 $ 560 $ 660 $ 24 $ 93 $ 5,347 Gross Loans Receivable (1) : Ending balance $ 151,356 $ 47,073 $ 216,571 $ 37,338 $ 39,673 $ 1,312 $ - $ 493,323 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 304 $ 15 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 319 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 151,052 $ 47,058 $ 216,571 $ 37,338 $ 39,673 $ 1,312 $ - $ 493,004 (1) Gross Loans Receivable does not include allowance for loan losses of $ ( 5,347 ) or deferred loan costs of $ 3,292 . (2) Includes one- to four-family construction loans. Real Estate Loans Other Loans One- to Four-Family (1) Home Equity Commercial Construction - Commercial Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total (Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2019 Allowance for Loan Losses: Balance – July 1, 2019 $ 389 $ 144 $ 2,777 $ 379 $ 133 $ 30 $ 11 $ 3,863 Charge-offs (2) - (10) - - (13) - (25) Recoveries - - 1 - - 2 - 3 Provision (credit) (4) (9) 122 60 104 7 20 300 Balance – September 30, 2019 $ 383 $ 135 $ 2,890 $ 439 $ 237 $ 26 $ 31 $ 4,141 Balance – January 1, 2019 $ 471 $ 91 $ 2,020 $ 250 $ 507 $ 25 $ 84 $ 3,448 Charge-offs (2) (4) (10) - - (34) - (50) Recoveries 8 1 3 - - 6 - 18 Provision (credit) (94) 47 877 189 (270) 29 (53) 725 Balance – September 30, 2019 $ 383 $ 135 $ 2,890 $ 439 $ 237 $ 26 $ 31 $ 4,141 (1) Includes one– to four-family construction loans. Real Estate Loans Other Loans One- to Four-Family (2) Home Equity Commercial Construction - Commercial Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 Allowance for Loan Losses: Balance – December 31, 2019 $ 436 $ 129 $ 2,682 $ 388 $ 478 $ 26 $ 128 $ 4,267 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 436 $ 129 $ 2,682 $ 388 $ 478 $ 26 $ 128 $ 4,267 Gross Loans Receivable (1) : Ending Balance $ 154,749 $ 45,250 $ 211,220 $ 32,299 $ 26,720 $ 1,297 $ - $ 471,535 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 166 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 166 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 154,583 $ 45,250 $ 211,220 $ 32,299 $ 26,720 $ 1,297 $ - $ 471,369 (1) Gross Loans Receivable does not include allowance for loan losses of $ ( 4,267 ) or deferred loan costs of $3,548 . (2) Includes one- to four-family construction loans. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will not be able to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled payments when due. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial real estate loans and commercial loans. Larger groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer, home equity, or one- to four-family loans for impairment disclosure, unless they are subject to a troubled debt restructuring. The following is a summary of information pertaining to impaired loans at or for the periods indicated: Unpaid Average Interest Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized For the Nine Months Ended At September 30, 2020 September 30, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Residential, one- to four-family $ 304 $ 304 $ - $ 312 $ 11 Home equity 15 15 - 16 - Total impaired loans 319 319 - 328 11 Unpaid Average Interest Recorded Principal Related Recorded Income Investment Balance Allowance Investment Recognized For the Year Ended At December 31, 2019 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Residential, one- to four-family $ 166 $ 166 $ - $ 173 $ 10 Commercial real estate (1) - - - 27 - Total impaired loans with no related allowance 166 166 - 200 10 With an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate (2) - - - 260 8 Commercial loans (3) - - - 31 1 Total impaired loans with an allowance - - - 291 9 Total of impaired loans: Residential, one- to four-family 166 166 - 173 10 Commercial real estate - - - 287 8 Commercial loans - - - 31 1 Total impaired loans $ 166 $ 166 $ - $ 491 $ 19 (1) This loan was paid off during the year ended December 31, 2019. (2) This line item consisted of two commercial real estate loans with a combined recorded investment of $294,000 and a related allowance of $40,000. One commercial real estate loan was paid off in full and the other commercial real estate loan was charged off during the year ended December 31, 2019. (3) A commercial business loan with a recorded investment of $30,000 and a related allowance of $15,000 was partially paid off during the year ended December 31, 2019, with the remaining balance being recorded as a loss. The following tables provide an analysis of past due loans and non-accruing loans as of the dates indicated: 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days or More Total Past Current Total Loans Loans on Non- Past Due Past Due Past Due Due Due Receivable Accrual (Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2020: Real Estate Loans: Residential, one- to four-family (1) $ 1,000 $ 203 $ 1,245 $ 2,448 $ 148,908 $ 151,356 $ 2,664 Home equity 144 100 631 875 46,198 47,073 696 Commercial - - 253 253 216,318 216,571 - Construction - commercial - - - - 37,338 37,338 - Other Loans: Commercial (2) - - - - 39,673 39,673 - Consumer 13 - 1 14 1,298 1,312 1 Total $ 1,157 $ 303 $ 2,130 $ 3,590 $ 489,733 $ 493,323 $ 3,361 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days or More Total Past Current Total Loans Loans on Non- Past Due Past Due Past Due Due Due Receivable Accrual (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019: Real Estate Loans: Residential, one- to four-family (1) $ 1,245 $ 672 $ 1,924 $ 3,841 $ 150,908 $ 154,749 $ 2,845 Home equity 168 162 583 913 44,337 45,250 590 Commercial - 1,133 - 1,133 210,087 211,220 - Construction - commercial - - - - 32,299 32,299 - Other Loans: Commercial - - - - 26,720 26,720 - Consumer 8 - 2 10 1,287 1,297 2 Total $ 1,421 $ 1,967 $ 2,509 $ 5,897 $ 465,638 $ 471,535 $ 3,437 (1) Includes one- to four-family construction loans. (2) Includes $18.6 million of PPP loans which do not require payments for a certain amount of time under the CARES Act and are 100% guaranteed by SBA . The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payments as they become due. A loan does not have to be 90 days delinquent in order to be classified as non-accrual. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. If ultimate collection of principal is in doubt, all cash receipts on impaired loans are applied to reduce the principal balance . The Company’s policies provide for the classification of loans as follows: · Pass/Performing; · Special Mention – does not currently expose the Company to a sufficient degree of risk but does possess credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving the Company’s close attention; · Substandard – has one or more well-defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. A substandard asset would be one inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or pledged collateral, if applicable; · Doubtful – has all the weaknesses inherent in substandard loans with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values questionable, and there is a high possibility of loss; and · Loss – loan is considered uncollectible and continuance without the establishment of a specific valuation reserve is not warranted. The Company’s Asset Classification Committee is responsible for monitoring risk ratings and making changes as deemed appropriate. Each commercial loan is individually assigned a loan classification. The Company’s consumer loans, including residential one- to four-family loans and home equity loans, are not classified as described above. Instead, the Company uses the delinquency status as the basis for classifying these loans. Generally, all consumer loans more than 90 days past due are classified and placed in non-accrual. Such loans that are well-secured and in the process of collection will remain in accrual status. The following tables summarize the internal loan grades applied to the Company’s loan portfolio as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: Pass/Performing Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total (Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2020 Real Estate Loans: Residential, one- to four-family (1) $ 148,727 $ - $ 2,629 $ - $ - $ 151,356 Home equity 46,098 - 975 - - 47,073 Commercial (2) 201,494 14,477 600 - - 216,571 Construction - commercial 37,338 - - - - 37,338 Other Loans: Commercial (3) 34,340 1,030 4,303 - - 39,673 Consumer 1,311 - 1 - - 1,312 Total $ 469,308 $ 15,507 $ 8,508 $ - $ - $ 493,323 Pass/Performing Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2019 Real Estate Loans: Residential, one- to four-family (1) $ 152,115 $ - $ 2,634 $ - $ - $ 154,749 Home equity 44,403 - 847 - - 45,250 Commercial 208,042 2,573 605 - - 211,220 Construction - commercial 32,299 - - - - 32,299 Other Loans: Commercial 22,295 4,425 - - - 26,720 Consumer 1,295 - 2 - - 1,297 Total $ 460,449 $ 6,998 $ 4,088 $ - $ - $ 471,535 (1) Includes one- to four-family construction loans. (2) The increase in commercial real estate loans classified as “Special Mention” was primarily due to a $13 . 3 million loan relationship with one borrower that is well collateralized and supported by guarantors. (3) Includes $18.6 million of PPP loans which are 100% guaranteed by SBA and are graded as Pass/Performing loans. TDRs occur when we grant borrowers concessions that we would not otherwise grant but for economic or legal reasons pertaining to the borrower’s financial difficulties. A concession is made when the terms of the loan modification are more favorable than the terms the borrower would have received in the current market under similar financial difficulties. These concessions may include, but are not limited to, modifications of the terms of the debt, the transfer of assets or the issuance of an equity interest by the borrower to satisfy all or part of the debt, or the addition of borrower(s). The Company identifies loans for potential TDRs primarily through direct communication with the borrower and evaluation of the borrower’s financial statements, revenue projections, tax returns, and credit reports. Even if the borrower is not presently in default, management will consider the likelihood that cash flow shortages, adverse economic conditions, and negative trends may result in a payment default in the near future. Generally, we will not return a TDR to accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability to make principal and interest payments under the restructured terms for at least six consecutive months. The Company’s TDRs are impaired loans, which may result in specific allocations and subsequent charge-offs if appropriate. Some loan modifications classified as TDRs may not ultimately result in full collection of principal and interest, as modified, which may result in potential losses. These potential losses have been factored into our overall estimate of the allowance for loan losses. The following table summarizes the loans that were classified as TDRs as of the dates indicated: Non-Accruing Accruing TDRs That Have Defaulted on Modified Terms Year to Date Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment Number of Loans Recorded Investment (Dollars in thousands) At September 30, 2020 Real Estate Loans: Residential, one- to four-family 8 $ 304 1 $ 20 7 $ 284 - $ - Home equity 1 15 - - 1 15 - - Total 9 $ 319 1 $ 20 8 $ 299 - $ - At December 31, 2019 Real Estate Loans: Residential, one- to four-family 5 $ 166 1 $ 28 4 $ 138 - $ - No additional loan commitments were outstanding to these borrowers at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The following table details the activity in loans which were first deemed to be TDRs during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans: Residential, one- to four-family 3 $ 150 $ 150 Home equity 1 16 16 Total 4 $ 166 $ 166 There were no loans restructured and classified as TDRs during the three month period ended September 30, 2020. There were no loans restructured and classified as TDRs during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019. Foreclosed real estate consists of property acquired in settlement of loans which is carried at its fair value less estimated selling costs. Write-downs from cost to fair value less estimated selling costs are recorded at the date of acquisition or repossession and are charged to the allowance for loan losses. Foreclosed real estate was $197,000 and $779,000 at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and was included as a component of other assets on the consolidated statements of financial condition. The recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction was $1.6 million and $1.8 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. |