UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
¨ | REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 |
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
¨ | SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number: 333-129208
Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
N/A
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
15-1, No. 1, HIT Road
Tangjia. Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519085
The People’s Republic of China
(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.
Title of each class | | Name of quotation system on which registered |
American Depositary Shares, each representing Six Ordinary Shares, par value US$0.000001 per share | | Nasdaq—Global Market System |
| | |
Ordinary Shares, par value US$0.000001 per share | | Nasdaq—Global Market System* |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.
None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.
None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report. Ordinary Shares 516,000,000
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ¨ Yes x No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. ¨ Yes x No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ¨ Item 17 x Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ¨ Yes x No
* Not for trading purposes, but only in connection with the registration of American Depositary Shares pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS | 4 |
| |
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS | 4 |
| |
PART I | 5 |
| |
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS | 5 |
| |
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE | 5 |
| |
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION | 5 |
| | | |
| A. | Selected Financial Data | 5 |
| B. | Capitalization and Indebtedness | 7 |
| C. | Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds | 7 |
| D. | Risk Factors | 7 |
| |
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY | 21 |
| | | |
| A. | History and Development of the Company | 21 |
| B. | Business Overview | 22 |
| C. | Organizational Structure | 31 |
| D. | Property, Plant and Equipment | 32 |
| |
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS | 32 |
| | | |
| A. | Operating Results | 32 |
| B. | Liquidity and Capital Resources | 38 |
| C. | Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc. | 42 |
| D. | Trend Information | 43 |
| E. | Off-balance Sheet Arrangements | 44 |
| F. | Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations | 45 |
| |
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES | 45 |
| | | |
| A. | Directors and Senior Management | 45 |
| B. | Compensation | 46 |
| C. | Board Practices | 48 |
| D. | Employees | 48 |
| E. | Share ownership | 48 |
| |
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS | 48 |
| | | |
| A. | Major Shareholders | 48 |
| B. | Related Party Transactions | 49 |
| C. | Interests of Experts and Counsel | 50 |
| |
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 51 |
| | | |
| A. | Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information | 51 |
| B. | Significant Changes | 52 |
| |
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING | 52 |
| | | |
| A. | Offer and Listing Details | 52 |
| B. | Plan of Distribution | 52 |
| C. | Markets | 52 |
| D. | Selling Shareholders | 52 |
| E. | Dilution | 52 |
| F. | Expense of the Issue | 52 |
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION | 53 |
| | | |
| A. | Share Capital | 53 |
| B. | Memorandum and Articles of Association | 53 |
| C. | Material Contracts | 61 |
| D. | Exchange Controls | 61 |
| E. | Taxation | 61 |
| F. | Dividends and paying agents | 65 |
| G. | Statement by experts | 65 |
| H. | Documents on display | 65 |
| I. | Subsidiary Information | 65 |
| |
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 65 |
| |
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES | 65 |
| |
PART II | 66 |
| |
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES | 66 |
| |
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 66 |
| |
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 66 |
| |
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT | 68 |
| |
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS | 68 |
| |
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES | 68 |
| |
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES | 68 |
| |
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS. | 68 |
| |
PART III | 69 |
| |
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 69 |
| |
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 69 |
| |
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS | 69 |
CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS
References to “China” or “PRC” or “Mainland China” herein are references to the People’s Republic of China and references to “Hong Kong” are references to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC. References to “United States” or “U.S.” are to the United States of America. All references to the “Government” herein are references to the government of the People’s Republic of China.
All references herein to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Actions” and the “Company” are references to Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd. and, unless the context otherwise requires, all such references include our subsidiaries.
References in this annual report to “U.S. dollars,” “$” and “US$” are to United States dollars, the lawful currency of the United States and references herein to “RMB” are to Renminbi, the lawful currency of the People’s Republic of China. Certain figures (including percentages) have been rounded for convenience, and therefore indicated and actual sums, quotients, percentages and ratios may differ. Unless otherwise indicated, our financial information has been presented in United States dollars in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and is presented on a consolidated basis.
Solely for the convenience of the reader, certain Renminbi amounts have been translated into U.S. dollars at specified rates. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars to Renminbi were made based on the noon buying rate in the City of New York for cable transfers in Renminbi per U.S. dollar as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York at each specified date. As of December 31, 2007 and April 21, 2008, the noon buying rate for one U.S. dollar was RMB 7.2946 and RMB 6.9996, respectively. The table below indicated the highest and lowest exchange rates from Renminbi to U.S. dollars for the each period. We make no representation that the Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts referred to herein could have been or could be converted to U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate.
Per U.S. dollar | | High | | Low | |
2005 | | | RMB 8.0702 | | | RMB 8.2765 | |
2006 | | | 7.8041 | | | 8.0702 | |
2007 | | | 7.2946 | | | 7.8127 | |
First Quarter | | | 7.7232 | | | 7.8127 | |
Second Quarter | | | 7.6120 | | | 7.7345 | |
Third Quarter | | | 7.4928 | | | 7.6181 | |
Fourth Quarter | | | 7.2946 | | | 7.5158 | |
October | | | 7.4682 | | | 7.5158 | |
November | | | 7.3800 | | | 7.4582 | |
December | | | 7.2946 | | | 7.4120 | |
2008 | | | | | | | |
First Quarter | | | 7.0105 | | | 7.2946 | |
January | | | 7.1818 | | | 7.2946 | |
February | | | 7.1100 | | | 7.1973 | |
March | | | 7.0105 | | | 7.1110 | |
April (through April 21, 2008) | | | 6.9840 | | | 7.0185 | |
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained in this Form 20-F, including those statements contained under the captions “Item 4—Information on the Company” and “Item 5—Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” that are not statements of historical fact, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements can be generally identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “plans,” “intends,” “believes,” “expects,” “projects,” “estimates” or “anticipates”, the negatives of such terms, or comparable terms. In addition to the statements contained in this Form 20-F, we (or our directors or executive officers authorized to speak on our behalf) from time to time may make forward-looking statements, orally or in writing, regarding Actions (including its subsidiaries) and its business, including in press releases, oral presentations, filings under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or securities laws of other countries, and filings with Nasdaq, or other stock exchanges.
Such forward-looking statements represent our judgment or expectations regarding the future, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual events and our future results to be materially different than expected by us or indicated by such statements. Such risks and uncertainties include in particular (but are not limited to) the risks and uncertainties related to: the risk that we may not be able to develop and successfully market new products; the risk that consumer preferences will shift away from the products manufactured by our customers; the risk that our rights to intellectual property used in our products may be challenged by our competitors; the risk that we will not be able to develop and implement additional operational and financial systems to manage our operations as they expand; intensifying competition in the market in which we operate; the outcome of legal proceedings in which we are currently engaged; the risk that we may be unable to retain or attract key personnel; governmental uncertainties; and the risk that our various relationships with our distributor and contract manufacturer customers will change in a way that adversely affects our business.
PART I
ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION
A. Selected Financial Data
The selected consolidated financial data presented below as of and for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this document. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in any future period. All amounts below are in U.S. dollars, except number of shares data. Our principal operations in Zhuhai, China were established in December 2001 and we commenced commercial sales of our System-on-a-Chip products (“SoCs”) in the fourth quarter of 2002.
INCOME STATEMENT
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | (thousands, except per share and share data) | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
System-on-a-chip products | | US$ | 4,319 | | US$ | 55,236 | | US$ | 149,369 | | US$ | 170,129 | | US$ | 116,320 | |
Semiconductor product testing services | | | 1,242 | | | 2,021 | | | 253 | | | 99 | | | 308 | |
Total net revenues | | | 5,561 | | | 57,257 | | | 149,622 | | | 170,228 | | | 116,628 | |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
System-on-a-chip products | | | (2,868 | ) | | (25,565 | ) | | (60,518 | ) | | (75,853 | ) | | (56,687 | ) |
Semiconductor product testing services | | | (793 | ) | | (1,575 | ) | | (68 | ) | | (58 | ) | | (231 | ) |
Total cost of revenues | | | (3,661 | ) | | (27,140 | ) | | (60,586 | ) | | (75,911 | ) | | (56,918 | ) |
Gross profit | | | 1,900 | | | 30,117 | | | 89,036 | | | 94,317 | | | 59,710 | |
Other operating income | | | 118 | | | 128 | | | 1,122 | | | 1,634 | | | 392 | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Research and development | | | (1,139 | ) | | (2,400 | ) | | (7,825 | ) | | (9,773 | ) | | (12,381 | ) |
General and administrative | | | (331 | ) | | (769 | ) | | (8,968 | ) | | (8,663 | ) | | (10,485 | ) |
Selling and marketing | | | (417 | ) | | (594 | ) | | (1,375 | ) | | (1,626 | ) | | (1,880 | ) |
Total operating expenses | | | (1,887 | ) | | (3,763 | ) | | (18,168 | ) | | (20,062 | ) | | (24,746 | ) |
Income (loss) from operations | | | 131 | | | 26,482 | | | 71,990 | | | 75,889 | | | 35,356 | |
Other income | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 11,570 | |
Interest income | | | 2 | | | 28 | | | 1,148 | | | 4,876 | | | 7,162 | |
Interest expenses | | | — | | | — | | | (77 | ) | | (160 | ) | | (82 | ) |
Income (loss) before income taxes, equity in net loss of an affiliate and minority interest | | | 133 | | | 26,510 | | | 73,061 | | | 80,605 | | | 54,006 | |
Income taxes(expense) credit | | | — | | | (25 | ) | | 526 | | | (5,984 | ) | | (2,202 | ) |
Equity in net loss of an affiliate | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | (156 | ) | | 179 | |
Minority Interests | | | — | | | — | | | 18 | | | 96 | | | 220 | |
Net income (loss) | | US$ | 133 | | US$ | 26,485 | | US$ | 73,605 | | US$ | 74,561 | | US$ | 52,203 | |
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | (thousands, except per share and share data) | |
Net income per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted | | US$ | — | | US$ | 0.055 | | US$ | 0.152 | | US$ | 0.144 | | US$ | 0.102 | |
Net income per ADS: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted | | US$ | 0.002 | | US$ | 0.331 | | US$ | 0.914 | | US$ | 0.867 | | US$ | 0.610 | |
Dividend declared per share | | | — | | | — | | US$ | 0.041 | | | — | | | — | |
Weighted-average shares used in computation: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted | | | 480,000,000 | | | 480,000,000 | | | 483,000,000 | | | 516,000,000 | | | 513,588,069 | |
CASH FLOW
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | (thousands) | |
Cash provided by (used in): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating activities | | US$ | (381 | ) | US$ | 29,694 | | US$ | 77,140 | | US$ | 76,774 | | US$ | 46,607 | |
Investing activities | | | (355 | ) | | (997 | ) | | (28,567 | ) | | (48,188 | ) | | (111,147 | ) |
Financing activities | | | 2,381 | | | 877 | | | 27,128 | | | (1,917 | ) | | (4,202 | ) |
BALANCE SHEET
| | At December 31, | |
| | 2003 | | 2004 | | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | (thousands) | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | US$ | 2,438 | | US$ | 32,013 | | US$ | 108,896 | | US$ | 137,778 | | US$ | 72,054 | |
Time deposits | | | — | | | — | | | 23,172 | | | 45,713 | | | 2,613 | |
Restricted cash | | | — | | | — | | | 2,478 | | | — | | | 1,782 | |
Marketable securities | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 20,531 | | | 165,317 | |
Accounts receivable, net | | | 10 | | | 3,529 | | | 8,025 | | | 5,859 | | | 6,046 | |
Notes receivable | | | — | | | 1,825 | | | 1,722 | | | 2,154 | | | 372 | |
Inventories | | | 1,069 | | | 5,018 | | | 7,023 | | | 6,280 | | | 12,542 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 660 | | | 1,328 | | | 1,973 | | | 6,413 | | | 2,479 | |
Amount due from an affiliate | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 133 | | | — | |
Deferred tax assets | | | — | | | — | | | 528 | | | 662 | | | 739 | |
Income tax recoverable | | | — | | | — | | | 11 | | | — | | | — | |
Total current assets | | | 4,177 | | | 43,713 | | | 153,828 | | | 225,523 | | | 263,944 | |
Investment in an affiliate | | | — | | | — | | | 500 | | | 1,469 | | | | |
Other investments | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 7,760 | |
Rental deposits | | | 16 | | | 24 | | | 11 | | | 52 | | | 79 | |
Deposit paid for acquisition of property, plant and equipment | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 91 | | | 27 | |
Property, plant and equipment, net | | | 646 | | | 1,411 | | | 2,360 | | | 5,309 | | | 6,436 | |
Land use right | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 1,440 | | | 1,509 | |
Acquired intangible assets, net | | | 25 | | | 14 | | | 1,889 | | | 3,787 | | | 5,849 | |
Total assets | | US$ | 4,864 | | US$ | 45,162 | | US$ | 158,588 | | US$ | 237,671 | | US$ | 285,604 | |
Total current liabilities | | | 969 | | | 13,900 | | | 27,307 | | | 28,165 | | | 24,921 | |
Other liabilities | | | — | | | 145 | | | 124 | | | — | | | 686 | |
Total liabilities | | | 969 | | | 14,045 | | | 27,431 | | | 28,165 | | | 25,607 | |
Minority interests | | | — | | | — | | | 582 | | | 486 | | | 204 | |
Total shareholders’ equity | | | 3,895 | | | 31,117 | | | 130,575 | | | 209,020 | | | 259,793 | |
Total liabilities & shareholders’ equity | | $ | 4,864 | | $ | 45,162 | | $ | 158,588 | | $ | 237,671 | | $ | 285,604 | |
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
D. Risk Factors
We wish to caution the readers that the following important factors, and those important factors described in other reports submitted to, or filed with, the Securities and Exchange Commission, among other factors, could affect our actual results and could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. In particular, as we are a non-U.S. company, there are risks associated with investing in our ADSs that are not typical with investments in shares of U.S. companies. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition and results of operations would likely suffer. In such case, the trading price of our ADSs could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Company
We do not expect to sustain our growth rate.
Due to increased sales of our System-on-a-Chip, or SoCs, for portable media players, we have experienced significant revenue growth and have gained significant market share in a relatively short period of time. Specifically, our annual revenues for our SoC products increased from US$4.3 million in 2003 to US$55.2 million in 2004 and US$149.4 million in 2005. However, we do not expect similar revenue growth or market share gains in future periods. For example, revenues for our SoC products increased only by 13.9 % from US$ 149.4 million in 2005 to US$170.1 million in 2006, and then decreased by 31.6% to US$116.3 million in 2007. Accordingly, you should not rely on the results of any prior quarterly or annual periods as an indication of our future operating performance.
We derive almost all of our revenues from our SoCs for portable media players, and we cannot be sure that sales of these products will not decline further.
Our revenue growth in 2005 and 2006 has resulted from sales of our SoCs for portable media players. In 2007, the average selling price of our SoCs declined by approximately 28.8% compared to 2006. Our units shipped also decreased by 3.2% compared to last year. We cannot be sure that our SoCs will continue to be successful in the markets in which we compete, or that portable media players will continue to remain popular with retail customers. Our future success depends on our ability to develop successful new products in a timely and cost-effective manner. We are required to continually evaluate expenditures for planned product developments and choose among alternatives based upon our expectations of future market trends, which are difficult to predict. For example, if market demand shifts rapidly toward portable, multifunctional electronic products such as mobile phones with add-on portable media player functionality and away from stand-alone portable media players, our sales of our SoCs for portable media players may decline. The migration and adoption of 3G mobile phone networks may also cause the embedding of portable media player functionality into mobile phones to grow in popularity as 3G technology allows audio, image and video files to be readily downloaded to mobile phones. We may not be able to compete with SoC providers that target mobile phone manufacturers by combining mobile phone and portable media player functionality into one SoC. We may not be able to timely develop and introduce new or enhanced products in a timely and cost-effective manner, keep pace with market trends, or be sure that our products will generate significant revenues. The development of our SoCs and total solutions is highly complex, and successful product development and market acceptance of our products depend on a number of factors, including:
| • | our accurate prediction of the changing requirements of our customers; |
| • | our timely completion and introduction of new designs; |
| • | the availability of third-party manufacturing, assembly, and testing capacity; |
| • | the ability of our contract foundries to achieve high manufacturing yields for our products; |
| • | the quality, price, performance, power efficiency and size of our products relative to our competitors; |
| • | our management of our sales channels; |
| • | our customer service capabilities and responsiveness; |
| • | the success of our relationships with existing and potential customers; and |
| • | changes in industry standards. |
The selling prices of our products tend to decline over time, and if we are unable to develop successful new products in a timely manner, our operating results and competitive position could be harmed.
As is typical in the semiconductor industry, the selling prices of our products tend to decline significantly over the life of the product. If we are unable to offset reductions in the selling prices of our products by introducing new products at higher prices or by reducing our costs, our revenues, gross margins and operating results will be adversely affected. We must continuously develop new SoCs or other products and enhancements for existing SoCs to keep pace with evolving industry standards and rapidly changing customer requirements. We may not have the financial resources necessary to fund future innovation. Even if we have sufficient financial resources, if our future innovation produces technology that is behind that of our competitors, we may lose customers. Similarly, if our new products are ahead of the then-current technological standards in our industry, our customers may be unwilling to invest in developing consumer electronics products that can utilize our products, or purchase our SoCs, until the consumer electronics market is ready to accept them. Further, we may be required to develop products that utilize technologies with which our engineers are not familiar. Our efforts to develop in-house capability to work with these technologies or to acquire such expertise through acquisitions or investments in businesses may not be successful. If we are unable to successfully define, develop and introduce competitive new SoCs or other products, we may not be able to compete successfully. In addition, if we, or our customers, are unable to manage product transitions, our business and results of operations would be negatively affected.
Our failure to manage adequately our growth and expansion could result in deterioration in our results of operations and financial condition.
We have grown rapidly since establishing our operations in December 2001. This expansion presented, and our anticipated growth in the future may continue to present, a significant challenge to our management and administrative systems and resources and, as a result, to our results of operations and financial condition. Our future success will depend on, among other things, our ability to:
| • | effectively maintain and service our existing customer relationships while developing new value-added distributor, contract manufacturer and brand owner customers; |
| • | continue training, motivating and retaining our existing employees and attract and integrate new technical, engineering and sales and marketing employees; |
| • | identify and attract new management personnel to our company as we continue to expand; |
| • | protect our intellectual property effectively; |
| • | integrate new businesses, technologies, services and products that we acquire by way of acquisitions or investments into our operations; |
| • | effectively manage our capital expenditures and working capital requirements; |
| • | maintain and further improve our operational, financial, accounting and other internal systems and controls; and |
| • | maintain adequate controls and procedures to ensure that our periodic public disclosure under applicable laws, including U.S. securities laws, is complete and accurate. |
Any failure to achieve and maintain effective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and the market price of our ADSs.
We are subject to reporting obligations under the United States securities laws. The Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, adopted rules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal controls over financial reporting in its annual report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal controls over financial reporting. In addition, an independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of the company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
Our management and independent registered public accounting firm have concluded that our internal controls as of December 31, 2007 are effective. However, we cannot assure you that in the future we or our independent registered public accounting firm will not identify material weaknesses during the Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act audit process or for other reasons. In addition, because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As a result, if we fail to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting or should we be unable to prevent or detect material misstatements due to error or fraud on a timely basis, investors could lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could harm our business, results of operations and negatively impact the market price of our ADSs, and harm our reputation. Furthermore, we have incurred and expect to continue to incur considerable costs and to use significant management time and other resources in an effort to comply with Section 404 and other requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Because of the lengthy product development periods for our products and the fixed nature of a significant portion of our expenses, we may incur substantial expenses before we earn associated revenues and may not ultimately achieve our forecasted sales for our products.
It can take up to 12 months for us to design, develop and commence production of our products, and commercial production of consumer end-products that use our SoCs can take an additional three to six months. Product development cycles for our products are lengthy for a number of reasons:
| • | our customers usually complete an in-depth technical evaluation of our products before they place a purchase order; |
| • | the commercial adoption of our products by value-added distributors, contract manufacturers and brand owners is typically limited during the initial release of their new products while they evaluate product performance and consumer demand; |
| • | new product introductions often center around key trade shows and failure to deliver a product prior to such an event can seriously delay or cancel introduction of a product; and |
| • | the development and commercial introduction of products incorporating new technology frequently are delayed or canceled. |
Because most of our expenses are fixed in the short term or incurred in advance of anticipated sales, we may not be able to decrease our expenses in a timely manner to offset any shortfall in sales. We are currently expanding our staffing and increasing our expenditures to support future growth, which may increase our cost of revenues and operating expenses. If our growth does not materialize, our operating results would be adversely impacted.
As a result of the time it takes to begin commercial production and sales of a new product, and the fact that a significant portion of our operating expenses are relatively fixed or incurred in advance of anticipated sales, we may incur substantial expenses in developing new products before we earn associated revenues. For example, we incurred significant development expenses in late 2004 and early 2005 in connection with our ATJ 2097 series SoCs, while we were not able to introduce this product to the market until June 2005. Similarly, we incurred significant development expenses in 2005, 2006 and 2007 in connection with the development of our new Series 13 SoCs, and we were not able to rollout these products smoothly due to the complexity of integrating firmware on the complicated MIPS structure. In addition, as the markets for the end products that incorporate our products are rapidly evolving and subject to changing consumer preferences, the products we design may not be in demand by our customers at the time we complete our product development process. This could cause us to miss the sales targets we set for these products when we commence development activities and we may not be able to decrease our operating expenses in a timely manner to offset such short-fall in sales, which would adversely affect our results of operations.
We currently rely on one third-party contractor to manufacture almost all of our SoC products; any event that prevents this foundry from producing our products, or our failure to successfully manage our relationship with this foundry, could damage our relationships with our customers, decrease our sales, and limit our growth.
We do not own or operate a semiconductor fabrication facility. Instead we rely on third-parties to manufacture our semiconductors. Presently, He Jian Technology Company, or He Jian, manufactures almost all of our semiconductors. As a result, if He Jian were to experience any catastrophic or other event that caused it to be unable to conduct manufacturing operations, or otherwise choose to discontinue manufacturing our products, it could have a significant adverse impact on our ability to sell our products. While we have in the past utilized, and continue to maintain relationships with, other contract foundries to have access to alternative manufacturing capabilities, we cannot be sure that these other contract foundries would be willing or have the capacity to produce our products. Even if such other foundries were willing to produce semiconductors for us, they may be unable to provide us with the same committed capacity, or be able to manufacture our semiconductors with the same yield rate, as we currently have with He Jian. As a result, we depend significantly on maintaining a strong relationship with He Jian, and He Jian’s continued ability to manufacture our semiconductor products, to maintain our revenues and customer relationships.
We provide He Jian with monthly rolling forecasts of our production requirements; however, the ability of He Jian to provide silicon wafers to us is limited by He Jian’s available capacity. Moreover, the price of our silicon wafers fluctuates based on changes in available industry capacity. We do not have a long term supply contract with He Jian or any other contract foundry. Therefore, He Jian could choose to prioritize capacity for other customers, reduce or eliminate deliveries to us on short notice or increase the prices they charge us. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that He Jian or any other contract foundry will allocate sufficient capacity to satisfy our requirements. If we are unable to obtain foundry capacity as required, we may experience delays in our ability to deliver our products, which would harm our relationships with our existing customers and result in decreased sales. There are additional risks associated with our reliance on third-party contractors, including:
| • | their inability to increase production and achieve acceptable yields on a timely basis; |
| • | reduced control over delivery schedules and product quality; |
| • | increased exposure to potential misappropriation of our intellectual property; |
| • | limited warranties on wafers or products supplied to us; |
| • | shortages of materials that foundries use to manufacture our products; |
| • | labor shortages or labor strikes; and |
| • | actions taken by our third-party contractors that breach our agreements. |
We may experience difficulties in transitioning to smaller process geometry technologies or in achieving higher levels of design integration, which may result in reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses.
In the year ended December 31, 2007, we have successfully completed the migration form 0.18 micron to 0.162 micron. We are currently further transitioning our SoCs for portable media players from 0.162 microns to 0.13 microns in order to make sure we continue to satisfy our customers’ demands and to maintain our competitiveness. This transition requires us to redesign some products and integrated circuit designs that we use in multiple products, and will require our contract foundries to modify the manufacturing processes they use to produce our products. In addition, we will incur significant engineering costs and the attention of our engineering personnel will be diverted from other product development efforts during this transition. In the past, we have experienced some difficulties in shifting to smaller process geometry technologies or new manufacturing processes, which resulted in periods of reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses. We may face similar difficulties, delays and expenses as we continue to transition our products to smaller micron process geometry.
In addition, we will depend on our contract foundries to transition to smaller process geometries successfully. Our contract foundries may not be able to effectively manage this transition. If our contract foundries or we experience significant delays in this transition or fail to efficiently implement this transition, we could experience reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses, all of which could harm our relationships with our customers and our results of operations. As smaller process geometries become more prevalent, we expect to continue to integrate greater levels of functionality, as well as customer and third-party intellectual property, into our products. However, we may not be able to achieve higher levels of design integration or deliver new integrated products on a timely basis, or at all. Further, we cannot be sure that integrating greater functionality into an SoC will result in a corresponding increase in selling price.
Because our customers are able to change or cancel orders on relatively short notice, we could unexpectedly lose anticipated sales.
The lengthy product development periods for our products make forecasting the volume and timing of orders difficult. In addition, the delays inherent in lengthy product development periods raise additional risks that customers may cancel or change their orders. Because industry practice allows contract manufacturers and brand owners to reschedule or cancel orders on relatively short notice, backlog and customer forecasts are not always good indicators of our future sales. If customers reduce or cancel their orders, it could result in the loss of anticipated sales without allowing us sufficient time to reduce our inventory and operating expenses. Further, because our sales are made by means of standard purchase orders rather than long term contracts, our customers may not continue to purchase our products at current levels, or at all.
We depend on a few key customers for a substantial majority of our sales and the loss of, or a significant reduction in orders from, any of them would likely significantly reduce our revenues.
In 2005, 2006 and 2007, sales to our top five customers accounted for approximately 76%, 64% and 59% of our revenues, respectively. Our operating results in the foreseeable future will likely continue to depend on sales to a relatively small number of customers, as well as the ability of these customers to sell products that use our SoCs and solution development kits. Our revenues would likely decline if one or more of these customers were to significantly reduce, delay or cancel their orders for any reason. In addition, any difficulty in collecting outstanding amounts due from our customers, particularly customers who place large orders, would harm our financial performance.
Many of our key customers are value-added distributors, who integrate our products into a system platform and sell that system platform to contract manufacturers. We also sell some of our products directly to contract manufacturers. Growth in our business will depend on our ability to maintain and expand our relationships with both value-added distributor customers and contract manufacturer customers. However, some of our value-added distributor customers may also carry and sell product lines that are competitive with ours. As these customers are not required to maintain a specified minimum level of purchases from us, we cannot be sure that they will prioritize selling our products. As we continue to expand our sales capabilities, we will also need to manage the potential conflicts that may arise between us and our value-added distributor customers. Further, we rely on our customers to accurately and timely report to us their sales of our products and to provide certain engineering support services to the brand owners who market and distribute the end products to consumers. Our inability to obtain accurate and timely reports and to successfully manage these relationships would adversely affect our business and financial results.
If our products are not manufactured with satisfactory yields or quality, our sales could decrease, and our relationships with our customers and our reputation may be harmed.
Minor deviations in the semiconductor manufacturing process can cause substantial decreases in yields, and in some cases, cause production to be suspended. We establish a minimum yield with our foundries at the time our products are qualified. If actual yield at the foundry is below the minimum, the foundry incurs the cost of the wafers, and if actual yield is above the minimum, we incur the cost. However, the fact that a contract foundry is achieving minimum yields on a product does not mean that the yield is sufficient to allow us to maintain or increase our profits on that product. Further, even though if a contract foundry is responsible for yield losses we incur on a particular shipment of SoCs, these yield losses could cause us to delay shipments to our customers and damage our relationship with them.
The manufacturing yields for our new products tend to be lower initially and increase as the contract foundry achieves full production. For example, it took us nine months to increase the yield of our Series 8 SoCs from 67% to 90% , it took us only one full month to increase the yield of our ACU 75 series SoCs from 68% to 87%, but again it took us seven months to increase the yield of our Series 13 products from 69% to 85%. Our product pricing is based on the assumption that increase in manufacturing yields will continue, even with the increasing complexity of our semiconductors. However, we may experience fluctuations in the manufacturing yield in some case and thus unable to sustain a high and improving yield level as we expected. Furthermore, shorter product life cycles require us to develop new products faster and require our contract foundry to manufacture these products in shorter periods of time. In some cases, these shorter manufacturing periods may not reach the high volume manufacturing periods conducive to higher manufacturing yields and declining costs. If our contract foundry fails to deliver fabricated silicon wafers of satisfactory quality in the volume and at the price required, we may be unable to meet our customers’ demand for our products or to sell those products at an acceptable profit margin, which would adversely affect our sales and margins and damage our customer relationships.
Our products are complex and may require modifications to resolve undetected errors or failures in our hardware and software, which could lead to an increase in our costs, a loss of customers or a delay in market acceptance of our products.
Our SoCs and total solutions are complex and may contain undetected hardware and software errors or failures when first introduced or as new versions are released. These errors could cause us to incur significant re- engineering costs, divert the attention of our engineering personnel from product development efforts and harm both our customer relations and business reputation. If we deliver products with errors, defects or bugs, our credibility and the market acceptance and sales of our products could be harmed. We experienced a small delay in gaining market acceptance of our ATJ 2097 series SoCs, due to the need to revise our design to correct problems with its processing speed and power consumption. We also experienced a delay in the introduction of our 13 series SoCs, due to the need to revise a part of our design to integrate certain Universal Serial Bus features we acquired from third party. We provide warranties for product defects under which we must collect and replace defective goods upon receipt of notice from our customers. Increased claims under these warranties would increase our costs and adversely affect our profitability. Defects could also lead to liability as a result of lawsuits against us or against our customers.
Our products are manufactured among several sites throughout China. Failure to deliver the work-in-process in time from one site to another may lead to higher operation costs, decrease in sales and unfavorable reputation and customer services.
Our principle operation center and our third-party manufacturing partners like wafer contractors, testing houses and packing subcontractors are all located throughout China. The distance between two manufacturing sites are long and the delivery of raw material, work-in-process, and finished goods rely on the land-carriage and air-express, which is restricted by the weather and transportation conditions. Any delay in delivery could have a negative effect on our operations and may lead to higher operation cost, decrease in sales, unfavorable reputation and customers relationship.
Our principal contract foundry, other subcontractors and many of our customers are located in the Pacific Rim, an area subject to significant risk of earthquakes, storms, typhoons, and adverse consequences related to the outbreak of SARS, avian influenza and other public health concerns.
The principal contract foundry that manufactures our products and all of the principal subcontractors that assemble, package, and test our products are located in either China, Hong Kong, or Taiwan. Many of our customers are also located in these areas. The risk of earthquakes, storms, typhoons and other natural disasters in these Pacific Rim locations is significant. The occurrence of an earthquake or other natural disaster near our principal contract foundry or subcontractors could result in damage, power outages and other disruptions that impair their production and assembly capacity. Any disruption resulting from such events could cause significant delays in the production or shipment of our products until we are able to shift our manufacturing, assembling, packaging or production testing from the affected contractor to another third-party vendor. For example, in January and February of 2008, China’s worst snowstorm in more than half a century has caused significant adverse impact on the transportation and the economy of China , where airports were frozen, overland transport systems were paralyzed and crash of electric grid blacked out several cities. Also, the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, curtailed travel to and from certain countries (primarily in the Asia-Pacific region) and limited travel and consumer activities within those countries, which had a significant adverse effect on the economies of many countries in this region. Any future outbreaks of SARS or other public health concerns, such as the emergence of an avian influenza, could have similar consequences.
We may experience significant period-to-period quarterly and annual fluctuations in our revenues and operating results, which may result in volatility in our stock price.
We may in the future experience significant period-to-period fluctuations in our revenues and operating results. It is possible that our revenues and operating results in some quarters may be below market expectations, which would cause the value of our ordinary shares and ADSs to decline. Our quarterly and annual operating results are affected by a number of factors, including:
| • | the unpredictable timing and volume of purchase orders and cancellations from our customers; |
| • | the rate of acceptance of our products by our customers; |
| • | the rate of growth of the market for portable media players and our SoCs; |
| • | fluctuation and seasonality in demand for consumer electronics products; |
| • | increases in prices charged by contract foundries and other third-party subcontractors; |
| • | the availability of third-party foundry capacity; |
| • | the availability and pricing of other components used in our customers’ products, including NAND Flash and TFT-LCD panel; |
| • | fluctuations in our contract foundry’s manufacturing yields; |
| • | the difficulty of forecasting and managing our inventory and production levels; |
| • | our ability to successfully develop, introduce and sell new or enhanced products; |
| • | additions or departures of key personnel; |
| • | our involvement in litigation; |
| • | natural disasters, particularly earthquakes, snowstorms or disease outbreaks affecting countries in which we conduct our business or in which our products are manufactured, assembled, or tested; and |
| • | the evolution of industry standards and introduction of new products by our competitors. |
Any variations in our period-to-period performance may cause our stock price to fluctuate.
Because the markets in which we compete are highly competitive and many of our competitors have greater resources than us, we cannot be certain that our products will compete successfully and we may lose or be unable to gain market share.
We face competition from a relatively large number of competitors in China and internationally. In the portable media player market, our principal competitors include ALi, Anyka, Broadcom, NXP Semiconductor, PortalPlayer, Rockchips, Samsung, SigmaTel, Silicon Motion, Sunplus, Telechips and Texas Instrument. As we diversify and expand our product categories, we may also face competition from other semiconductor companies and manufacturers of consumer electronics and mobile devices. We expect to face increased competition in the future from our current and emerging competitors. In addition, some of our customers have developed and other customers could develop technology or products internally that could replace their need for our products or otherwise reduce demand for our products. Our customers may also enter into strategic relationships with or acquire existing semiconductor design houses.
The consumer electronics market, which is the principal end market for our SoCs, has historically been subject to intense price competition. In many cases, low cost, high volume producers have entered markets and driven down profit margins. If a low cost, high volume producer should develop products that are competitive with our products, our sales and profit margins would suffer.
Some of our potential competitors may have longer operating histories, greater name recognition, access to larger customer bases and significantly greater financial, sales and marketing, manufacturing, distribution, technical and other resources than us. As a result, they may be able to respond more quickly to changing customer demands or to devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sales of their products than we can. Our current and potential competitors may develop and introduce new products that will be priced lower, provide superior performance or achieve greater market acceptance than our products. In addition, in the event of a manufacturing capacity shortage, these competitors may be able to obtain capacity when we are unable to do so. Furthermore, our current or potential competitors have established, or may establish, financial and strategic relationships among themselves or with existing or potential customers or other third-parties to increase the ability of their products to address the needs of our prospective customers. Accordingly, it is possible that new competitors or alliances among competitors could emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share, which would harm our business. If we fail to compete successfully, our business will suffer and we may lose or be unable to gain market share.
Our business may be severely disrupted if we lose the services of our key executives and employees or fail to add new senior and mid-level managers to our management.
Our future success is heavily dependent upon the continued service of our board of directors and key executives. Our future success is also dependent upon our ability to attract and retain qualified senior and mid- level managers to our management team. If one or more of our key executives and employees are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to easily replace them, and our business may be severely disrupted. In addition, if any of these key executives or employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we could lose customers and suppliers and incur additional expenses to recruit and train personnel. We do not maintain life insurance for any of our key executives.
We also rely on a number of key technology staff for the operation of our company. Given the competitive nature of our industry, the risk of key technology staff leaving our company is high and losses of significant numbers of technology staff could disrupt our operations. Our inability to retain and attract qualified technical personnel in the future, or delays in hiring additional such personnel, could make it difficult to meet key objectives, such as timely and effective product introductions.
We may not be able to successfully execute future acquisitions or investments or manage or effectively integrate any acquired business, technologies or teams.
We seek to acquire or invest in businesses that are complementary to ours. This may require a significant commitment of management time, capital investment and other management resources. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in identifying and negotiating acquisitions or investments on terms favorable to us. If we are unable to execute, manage or integrate our acquisitions and investments effectively, our growth, operating results and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.
We have limited business insurance coverage and may be subject to losses that might not be covered by existing insurance coverage.
The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products. As a result, we do not have business liability or disruption insurance coverage for our operations. Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in substantial costs and diversion of resources.
We likely will be classified as a “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”), for U.S. federal income tax purposes, for calendar year 2007 and in future years. Assuming the Company is treated as a PFIC, U.S. investors in the ADSs will be subject to certain adverse U.S. federal income tax rules.
We believe it is likely that the Company will be classified as a PFIC under section 1297 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for 2007 and in future years. Assuming we are so treated, U.S. holders could be subject to certain adverse U.S. tax consequences, described under ‘‘United States Federal Income Taxation”. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors about the application of the PFIC rules in their particular circumstances.
Risks Related to Intellectual Property
We or our customers may be exposed to infringement claims on intellectual property rights by third-parties.
Third-parties, including our competitors, may in the future make claims or initiate litigation that assert patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights in technologies, related standards and product names that are relevant to us. As we continue to expand our operations and the number of products we manufacture, the risk of such claims may increase. In addition to making claims against us, third-parties may make claims against our customers that incorporate our SoCs into their products. Such actions could adversely affect our relationships with such customers and hurt our sales. The large number of patents in the semiconductor industry, the confidential treatment of some pending patent applications and the rapid rate of issuance of new patents make it neither economically feasible nor possible to determine conclusively in advance whether a product, any of its components, its method of manufacture or use, or its ornamental design, currently infringes or will in the future infringe upon the patent rights of others. Parties making infringement claims may be able to obtain an injunction that could prevent us from selling our products or using technology that contains the allegedly infringing intellectual property, which could have a material negative effect on our business. Third-parties making infringement claims may also be able to bring an action before the ITC that could result in an order stopping the importation into the United States of our products or bring similar actions in other parts of the world. Further, in addition to claims that may be made directly against us, we may be named in infringement actions made against our manufacturers, suppliers or customers. Some of our customer contracts provide that we indemnify the customer against claims of infringement based on our products. Regardless of the merit of these claims, they can be time-consuming, and result in costly litigation and divert the attention of our technical and management personnel.
To resolve any claims made against us, we may be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology or obtain a license for the relevant intellectual property, each of which could be costly and time consuming. Licenses may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms and conditions, or at all. We might also be required to cease using the trademark or trademarks under which our products were being marketed and sold. If any infringement or other intellectual property-based claim made against us by any third-party is successful, or if we fail to develop non-infringing technology or license the proprietary rights on commercially reasonable terms and conditions, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We rely upon third-party licensed technology to develop our products. If licenses of third-party technology do not continue to be available to us or become very expensive, our ability to develop and introduce new products could be negatively impacted.
We integrate third-party software or other licensed technology into almost all of our products. From time to time, we may be required to license additional technology from third-parties to develop new products or product enhancements. However, these third-party licenses may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Further, some of our existing licenses can be terminated without cause by the licensor. Our inability to maintain existing licenses on reasonable terms, or obtain additional licenses necessary to develop new products and product enhancements, could require us to obtain substitute technology at a greater cost or of lower quality or performance standards or delay product development. Any of these results may limit our ability to develop new products that utilize the latest technologies, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our products are designed for use in devices manufactured by our customers that comply with international standards. These international standards are often covered by patents or copyrights held by third-parties, which may include our competitors. Before we design our products, we discuss with our customers the proprietary technologies that we must incorporate into our SoCs and the international standards that our SoCs must meet to function in the targeted portable media player products. We then obtain licenses required to incorporate each of those proprietary technologies into SoCs that meet these standards. The combined costs of identifying and obtaining licenses from all holders of patents and copyrights essential to such international standards could be high and could reduce our profitability or increase our losses. The cost of not obtaining such licenses could also be high if a holder of such patent or copyrights brings a claim for patent or copyright infringement. Any claims for indemnification that may be made could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our rights to the intellectual property we develop may be difficult to enforce.
We generally rely on patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret and other intellectual property laws to establish and protect the proprietary rights in our know-how, technology, products, and product names. As of December 31, 2007, we hold 15 issued patents and have 52 patent applications pending in China. We also have 12 proprietary rights granted for layout-design of integrated circuits in China. In addition, we hold seven registered trademarks and 34 trademark applications pending in China. Outside of China, we also hold four registered trademarks in Hong Kong, one registered trademark in the United States, one registered trademark in the European Union and two registered trademarks in Taiwan. We also have 36 trademark applications pending in Hong Kong, Taiwan, the United States, European Union, Russia, Korea, Japan, Canada, Brazil, India and Singapore, respectively. The applications may not be granted, or if granted, may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented by others. Further, we cannot be sure that any rights granted under patents, trademarks, copyrights or proprietary rights that are issued or registered will be sufficient to protect our technology or will in fact provide competitive advantages to us. If we are unable to protect the key intellectual properties that we develop and use in our products, our ability to compete effectively may be diminished.
Our success also depends on our other rights in proprietary technology. We rely on a combination of copyright, trade secret, trademark and contractual protection to establish and protect our proprietary rights that are not protected by patents, and we also typically enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees and consultants. We require our customers to enter into confidentiality and nondisclosure agreements before we disclose any sensitive aspects of our platforms, technology or business plans. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights through confidentiality and licensing agreements, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our platforms or technology. It is difficult to monitor unauthorized use of technology, particularly in China and other developing countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as laws in the United States. In addition, our competitors may independently develop technology similar to ours. Our precautions may not prevent misappropriation or infringement of our intellectual property.
From time to time, we may have to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources. Even where we take such actions, we cannot assure you that we will be successful or that our rights will be protected. Further, our headquarters and principal operations are located in China. Our efforts to protect our proprietary rights could be ineffective in China where the laws may not protect proprietary rights as effectively as do laws in other countries such as the United States.
Our intellectual property indemnification practices may adversely impact our business.
From time to time we may be required to indemnify our customers for certain costs and damages of patent and copyright infringement in circumstances where our product is the factor creating the customer’s infringement exposure. This practice may subject us to significant indemnification claims by our customers and may adversely impact our business.
Risks Related to our Industry
Demand for our products is highly dependent on the consumer electronics market, which is characterized by short product life cycles and subject to risks related to product transitions and supply of other components.
We derive almost all of our revenues from a limited number of products that are used in consumer electronic devices. The consumer electronics market is characterized by intense competition, rapidly changing technology, and continuously evolving consumer preferences. These factors result in the frequent introduction of new products, short product life cycles and significant price competition. The dynamic nature of this market limits our, as well as our customers’, ability to accurately forecast quarterly and annual sales. If we or our customers are unable to manage product transitions, our business and results of operations could be negatively affected. In addition, we are subject to the risk of supply problems for other components, such as flash memory, that our customers require for manufacturing the consumer end product. For example, if our customers are unable to obtain sufficient supplies of other key components in their portable media players, the sales of our products that are also used in such devices would be adversely affected. A decrease in demand for consumer electronics will also decrease demand for our products, which will adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The availability of digital media content may affect demand for our products.
The demand for portable media players may be adversely impacted by the enforcement of limits on file sharing and downloadable media content. The major record labels are pursuing ways to curb consumer downloading of music from the Internet without paying any fees or royalties to the owners of that music. In particular, the Recording Industry Association of America, a recording industry trade group, has sued numerous individuals for distributing copyrighted songs over the Internet. Most recently, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that distributors of software for sharing music and video files may be held responsible for theft if their intent was to encourage users to illegally trade copyrighted files. This may cause websites offering such software to cease operating. If the record labels, other music or video producers, or other parties are successful in limiting the ability of consumers to obtain free music or videos on the Internet, the demand for consumer electronic devices such as portable media players that use our products may decline, which in turn could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to the highly cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry.
The semiconductor industry is highly cyclical. The industry has experienced significant downturns, often in connection with, or in anticipation of, maturing product life cycles (of both semiconductor companies’ and their customers’ products) and declines in general economic conditions. These downturns have been characterized by production overcapacity, high inventory levels and accelerated erosion of average selling price. Any future downturns could significantly harm our sales or reduce our profitability for a prolonged period of time. From time to time, the semiconductor industry also has experienced periods of increased demand and production capacity constraints. We may experience substantial changes in future operating results due to semiconductor industry conditions, general economic conditions and other factors.
The industry standards supported by our products are continually evolving, and our success depends on our ability to adapt our products to meet these changing industry standards.
Our ability to compete in the future will depend on our ability to ensure that our products comply with changing industry standards. The emergence of new industry standards could render our products incompatible with products developed by our customers. As a result, we could be required to invest significant time and effort and to incur significant expense to redesign our products to ensure compliance with relevant standards. If our products do not comply with prevailing industry standards for a significant period of time, we could miss opportunities to achieve crucial product introductions. We may invest substantial effort and expense in developing or using new technologies or in developing new products or product enhancements, but such effort and expense may not result in market acceptance of our products.
Risks Related to Doing Business in China
Taiwan regulations and recent changes in the policies of the Investment Commission in Taiwan relating to the involvement of Taiwanese persons in companies that have direct and indirect investments in the PRC may limit our ability to retain certain employees and members of our management.
Pursuant to various Taiwan regulations promulgated by Taiwan’s Ministry of Economic Affairs, Investment Commission, or IC, no Taiwanese person or entity established under the laws of Taiwan, which we refer to as Taiwanese Persons, may invest, directly or indirectly, in a PRC entity unless the investment complies with certain regulations and policies relating to restrictions on investment and participation in investments in PRC companies, which we refer to as the PRC Investment Regulations, and is approved by the IC, or, in limited circumstances, a report to the IC has been filed. Furthermore, the IC has prohibited investments by Taiwanese Persons in certain industries in the PRC, including the semiconductor design industry and certain sectors of the semiconductor manufacturing industry. Under the PRC Investment Regulations, if (a) a Taiwanese Person invests in a non-Taiwan entity, or NTE, that invests in a PRC entity, and (b) such Taiwanese Person has “control and influence” over the NTE, that Taiwanese Person will be deemed to have made an indirect investment in the PRC and must abide by the PRC Investment Regulations. According to a press release issued by the IC on June 14, 2005, a Taiwanese Person will be deemed to have control and influence over the NTE if (i) that Taiwanese Person holds more than 5% of the equity of the NTE or is the largest shareholder of the NTE; (ii) the investment amount made by that Taiwanese Person in the NTE is over US$200,000; or (iii) that Taiwanese Person acts as a director, supervisory director or president of the NTE. Taiwanese Persons who violate these regulations and policies may be subject to both civil and even criminal sanctions in Taiwan.
Certain of our employees and management, including our chief executive officer, are Taiwanese Persons. The Taiwan government may interpret its current regulations and policies, or the Taiwan government may change or amend its regulations and policies in this area, such that it considers one or more of our employees and management as having inappropriate control and influence. Such employee or manager, including our chief executive officer, could be required to leave the company or be subject to sanctions by the Taiwan Government.
A slowdown in the growth of the Chinese economy may slow down our growth and profitability.
Our business is primarily dependent upon the economy and the business environment in China. In particular, our growth strategy is based upon the assumption that demand in China for portable media players and portable media players, in particular, will continue to grow with the Chinese economy. However, the growth of the Chinese economy has been uneven across geographic regions and economic sectors. Several years ago, the Chinese economy also experienced deflation, which may reoccur in the foreseeable future. There can be no assurance that growth of the Chinese economy will be steady, uniform or that any slowdown will not have a negative effect on our business.
China’s legal system is characterized by uncertainty that could negatively impact our business and results of operations.
The Chinese legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike common law systems, it is a system in which decided legal cases have little value as precedent. Beginning in 1979, the PRC government promulgated a comprehensive system of laws and regulations governing economic matters, which has had the overall effect of significantly enhancing the protections afforded to foreign invested enterprises in China. However, these laws, regulations and legal requirements are relatively new and are evolving rapidly, and their interpretation and enforcement involve uncertainties. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to foreign investors. In addition, enforcement of existing laws, or contracts based on existing law, may be uncertain and sporadic, and it may be difficult to obtain swift and equitable enforcement or to obtain enforcement of a judgment by a court of another jurisdiction. The relative inexperience of China’s judiciary in many cases creates additional uncertainty as to the outcome of any litigation. Furthermore, interpretation of statutes and regulations may be subject to new government policies reflecting domestic political changes.
Our activities in China will be subject to administrative review and approval by various national and local agencies of the PRC government. Because of the changes occurring in China’s legal and regulatory structure, we may not be able to secure the requisite governmental approval for our activities. Failure to obtain the requisite governmental approval for any of our activities could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Any recurrence of SARS or another widespread public health problem, such as the emergence of an avian influenza, could negatively impact our business and results of operations.
A renewed outbreak of SARS, avian influenza or another widespread public health problem in China and Hong Kong, where substantially all of our revenue is derived and where our operations are located, could have a negative effect on our operations. Our operations may be impacted by a number of health-related factors, including the following:
• quarantines or closures of some of our offices which would severely disrupt our operations;
• the sickness or death of our key officers and employees; and
• a general slowdown in the Chinese economy.
Any of the foregoing events or other unforeseen consequences of public health problems could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Changes in China’s political and economic policies could negatively impact our business.
Substantially all of our business operations are conducted in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are subject in a significant degree to the economic, political and legal developments in China. China’s economy has historically been a planned economy subject to governmental plans and quotas and has, in certain aspects, been transitioning to a more market-oriented economy. Although we believe that the economic reform and the macroeconomic measures adopted by the PRC government have had a positive effect on the economic development of China, we cannot predict the future direction of these economic reforms or the effects these measures may have on our business, financial position or results of operations. In addition, the Chinese economy differs from the economies of most countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD. These differences include:
| • | level of government involvement in the economy; |
| • | level of capital reinvestment; |
| • | control of foreign exchange; |
| • | methods of allocating resources; and |
| • | balance of payments position. |
As a result of these differences, our business may not develop in the same way or at the same rate as might be expected if the Chinese economy were similar to those of the OECD member countries.
Restrictions on foreign currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our revenues effectively.
Any future restrictions on currency exchanges may limit our ability to use revenues generated in Renminbi to fund our business activities outside China or to make dividend or other payments in U.S. dollars or other foreign currencies. Although the PRC government introduced regulations in 1996 to allow greater convertibility of the Renminbi for current account transactions, significant restrictions still remain, including primarily the restriction that foreign invested enterprises may only buy, sell and/or remit foreign currencies at those banks authorized to conduct foreign exchange business after providing valid commercial documents. In addition, remittance of foreign currencies abroad and conversion of Renminbi for capital account items, including direct investment and loans, is subject to governmental approval in China, and companies are required to open and maintain separate foreign exchange accounts for capital account items. We cannot be certain that the Chinese regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of the Renminbi, especially with respect to foreign exchange transactions.
Changes in the preferential tax treatments we currently enjoy in the PRC may have an adverse impact on our results of operations.
On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law. The new PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, effective January 1, 2008, imposes a single uniform income tax rate of 25% for most domestic enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises. It contemplates various transition periods and measures for existing preferential tax policies, including among others, a grace period for as long as five years for foreign-invested enterprises which are currently entitled to a lower income tax rate, and continued implementation of preferential tax treatment with a fixed term until the expiration of such fixed term.
Each of our principal and major PRC subsidiaries, Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) and Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen), respectively, is a foreign invested enterprise operating in a designated economic zone. Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) benefited from a 7.5% preferential enterprise income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2007, and is subject to a preferential income tax rate of 9.0% for the year ended December 31, 2008. Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen) is exempted from income tax duty for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008. We expect that our overall tax payment will increase in 2008 and will further increase following the expiry of the above preferential tax treatment in December 2011.
We may be deemed a Chinese resident enterprise under the new PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and be subject to the PRC taxation on our worldwide income.
Under the new PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, if any enterprise incorporated outside the PRC has its “de facto management body” located within the PRC, such enterprise may be recognized as a PRC tax resident enterprise and be subject to the unified enterprise income tax rate of 25%. On December 6, 2007, the Implementation Rules of the Enterprise Income Tax Law were promulgated. It defined the “de facto management body” as an organization actually managing and controlling an enterprise’s production, operation, personnel, finance and assets. We cannot rule out the possibility that we and/ or certain of our subsidiaries which are not incorporated in the PRC may be considered as PRC tax resident enterprises by the PRC taxation authorities in the future. According to the new Enterprise Income Tax Law, dividends received by a PRC tax resident enterprise from another PRC tax resident are exempted from Enterprise Income Tax except for the dividends derived from publicly issued and traded shares of a resident enterprise that are held for less than 12 consecutive months. However, given the short history of the new Enterprise Income Tax Law, it remains unclear how the resident enterprise provision will be implemented in practice with respect to overseas holding companies and whether we, Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd., and/or our overseas holding companies will be treated as PRC tax resident enterprises or, if so, whether dividends declared and paid by our subsidiaries in the PRC to our overseas holding companies and by our overseas holding companies to us will be exempted from Enterprise Income Tax. Our financial condition may be materially and adversely affected if such dividends are subject to enterprise income tax.
Dividends payable by us to our foreign investors and gain on the sale of our Shares may become subject to withholding taxes under PRC tax laws.
Under the new PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and implementation regulations issued by the State Council, PRC income tax at the rate of 10% is applicable to dividends payable to investors that are “non-resident enterprises” (and that do not have an establishment or place of business in the PRC, or that have such establishment or place of business but the relevant income is not effectively connected with the establishment or place of business) to the extent such dividends have their source within the PRC. Under PRC Individual Income Tax Law, individuals are generally liable for a 20% Individual Income Tax on dividend income. Such Individual Income Tax should apply to dividends received by a non-resident individual from a PRC resident enterprise. A reduced tax rate on dividends may be applicable for non-resident enterprise investors and nonresident individual investors under applicable tax treaty or tax arrangement between PRC and the investor’s resident country or region. Similarly, any gain realized on the transfer of shares by non-resident enterprise and individual investors is also subject to a 10% PRC Enterprise Income Tax and a 20% Individual Income Tax, respectively, if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within the PRC unless otherwise exempted under PRC domestic regulations and applicable tax treaties or tax arrangements. If we are considered as a PRC “resident enterprise”, the dividends we pay with respect to our ADSs, or the gain you may realize from the transfer of our ADSs, could be treated as income derived from sources within the PRC and be subject to PRC tax. If we are required under the new PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law to withhold PRC income tax on our dividends payable to our non PRC resident shareholders, or if you are required to pay PRC income tax on the transfer of your ADSs, the value of your investment in our ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.
We rely principally on dividends paid by our subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.
We are a holding company and rely principally on dividends paid by our subsidiaries for cash requirements, including the funds necessary to service any debt we may incur. If any of our subsidiaries incurs debt in its own name in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict dividends or other distributions on its equity interest to us.
Furthermore, applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations permit payment of dividends by our combined PRC entities only out of their retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards. Our PRC subsidiaries are required to set aside a certain percentage of their after-tax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to their reserve fund in accordance with the requirements of relevant laws and provisions in their respective articles of associations. As a result, our PRC subsidiaries may be restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net income to us whether in the form of dividends, loans or advances. Any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends or otherwise fund and conduct our business.
Fluctuations in the value of the Renminbi could negatively impact our results of operations.
Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar and virtually all of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars. Our operating expenses and substantially all of our assets and liabilities are denominated in Renminbi. As a result, we are exposed to foreign exchange risk, and our results of operations may be negatively impacted by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi. If the Renminbi appreciates against the U.S. dollar, our operating expenses will increase and, as a consequence, our operating margins and net income will likely decline.
The value of the Renminbi is subject to changes in China’s governmental policies and to international economic and political developments. Since January 1, 1994, the PRC government has used a unitary managed floating rate system. Under this system, the People’s Bank of China, or PBOC, publishes a daily base exchange rate with reference primarily to the supply and demand of Renminbi against U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies in the market during the previous day. Authorized banks and financial institutions are allowed to quote buy and sell rates for Renminbi within a specified band around the central bank’s daily exchange rate. However, since July 2005 the Renminbi is no longer pegged solely to the U.S. dollar. Instead, it is reported to be pegged against a basket of currencies, determined by the People’s Bank of China, against which it can rise or fall by as much as 0.3% each day. This volatility range was further expanded by the Peoples’s Bank of China by 0.5% each day since May 21, 2007. The Renminbi may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the long term, depending on the fluctuation of the basket of currencies against which it is currently valued or it may be permitted to enter into a full float, which may also result in a significant appreciation or depreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar.
As we rely entirely on dividends paid to us by Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai), any significant devaluation of the Renminbi may have a material adverse effect on our revenues in U.S. dollars and our financial condition.
Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
We are a Cayman Islands company and, because judicial precedent regarding the rights of shareholders is more limited under Cayman Islands law than under U.S. law, you may have less protection of your shareholder rights than you would under U.S. law.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, the Cayman Islands Companies Law and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, the rights of minority shareholders to institute actions, and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, the latter of which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. In addition, some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands.
As a result of all of the above, public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of our board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a U.S. company.
We may incur significant costs to avoid being considered an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
Generally, the Investment Company Act of 1940, or the 1940 Act, provides that a company is not an investment company and is not required to register under the 1940 Act as an investment company if the company is primarily engaged, directly or through a wholly-owned subsidiary or subsidiaries, in a business or businesses other than that of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities or has investment securities that comprise less than 40% of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities or cash items) on an unconsolidated basis.
We are a fabless semiconductor company that engages primarily in the businesses of designing, developing and marketing integrated platform systems, including SoCs, firmware, software development tools and reference designs, for manufacturers of portable multimedia players. Also, based on the primary activities of our officers and directors and an analysis of our income during 2007, we do not believe we will be considered an investment company. Nevertheless, a part of the determination of whether we will be an investment company will be based upon the composition and value of our assets, a significant portion of which are time deposits, restricted cash in the form of loan guarantees and marketable securities that are subject to change, particularly when market conditions are volatile. As a result, we could inadvertently become an investment company.
If we were to become subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, our operations and results would be negatively impacted in a significant manner, including among other possible effects, our inability to borrow money or raise capital through the offer and sale of our securities in the United States. We could also be subject to administrative or legal proceedings and, among other things, contracts to which we are a party might be rendered unenforceable or subject to rescission. Additionally, we would be unable to continue operating as we currently do and might need to acquire or sell assets that we would not otherwise acquire or sell in order to avoid becoming and "investment company" as defined under the 1940 Act. We may incur significant costs and management time to avoid being considered an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
Your ability to bring an action against us or against our directors and officers, or to enforce a judgment against us or them, will be limited because we are incorporated in the Cayman Islands, because we conduct substantially all of our operations in China and because the majority of our directors and officers reside outside of the United States.
We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands, and we conduct substantially all of our operations in China through Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai). Most of our directors and officers reside, and substantially all of the assets of those persons are located, outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands or China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers.”
The price of our ADSs has been volatile and may continue to be volatile, which may make it difficult for holders to resell the ADSs when desired or at attractive prices.
The trading price of our ADSs has been and may continue to be subject to wide fluctuations. Since our ADSs became listed in November 2005, the closing prices of our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Market has ranged from US$12.24 to US$2.82 per ADS and the last reported sale price on April 21, 2008 was US$3.17. Our ADS price may fluctuate in response to a number of events and factors. The financial markets in general, and the market prices for many PRC companies in particular, have experienced volatility that often has been unrelated to the operating performance of such companies.
In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for our ADSs may be highly volatile for specific business reasons, including those discussed in this Risk Factors section. Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and price at which our ADSs will trade. We cannot give any assurance that these factors will not occur in the future.
The sale by our existing shareholders of a substantial number of our ADSs in the public market could adversely affect the price of our ADSs.
In November 2005, we and our selling shareholders completed our initial public offering and issued 54,000,000 ordinary shares, or 9,000,000 ADSs, representing 10.5% of our issued share capital immediately thereafter. In September 2006, our selling shareholders completed a follow-on offering of an aggregate of 60,000,000 ordinary shares, or 11,500,000 ADSs, representing 11.6% of our issued share capital immediately thereafter. Further sales by us or our existing shareholders of substantial amounts of our ordinary shares or ADSs in the public markets after this offering could adversely affect market prices prevailing from time to time. Only a limited number of the ordinary shares currently outstanding will be available for sale immediately after this offering due to contractual and legal restrictions on resale. Nevertheless, after these restrictions lapse or if these restrictions are waived, future sales of substantial amounts of our ordinary shares or ADSs, or the possibility of such sales, could negatively impact the market price of our ADSs, and limit our ability to raise equity capital in the future.
Your right to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may cause dilution to your holdings.
We may from time to time distribute rights to holders of our ordinary shares, including rights to acquire our securities. We cannot offer to holders of our ADSs those rights unless the securities to which the rights relate are either registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, which we refer to in this document as the Securities Act, or exempt from registration under the Securities Act. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or securities or to cause such a registration statement to be declared effective. Moreover, we may not be able to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act. Accordingly, you may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in your holdings. The depositary may allow rights that are not distributed or sold to lapse. In that case, you will receive no value for them.
Holders of ADSs may not be able to exercise the rights of shareholders, including the right to vote as a shareholder.
As a holder of our ADSs, you will not be recorded as a shareholder on the share register of the Company. Only registered holders of our ordinary shares are entitled as a matter of Cayman Islands law to exercise the rights of shareholders including voting their shares and receiving dividends and distributions. The depositary or its custodian will be the registered holder of all the ordinary shares represented by the ADSs and, thus, will be the only party entitled to exercise the rights of a shareholder with respect to those ordinary shares held by them. You will not be able to exercise the rights of a shareholder, including the right to vote, unless you withdraw our ordinary shares underlying the ADSs you hold. However, you may not be able to withdraw ordinary shares in time to be able to exercise your rights. For example, you may not know about shareholder meetings enough in advance to withdraw those ordinary shares. If we ask for your instructions, the depositary will notify you of an upcoming vote and arrange to deliver our voting materials to you. You may not receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote your ordinary shares. In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for the manner of carrying out voting instructions. This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to vote, and there may be little you can do if the ordinary shares underlying your ADSs are not voted as you requested.
Except in limited circumstances, the depositary for our ADSs, in the case of poll voting will give us a discretionary proxy to vote our ordinary shares underlying your ADSs if you do not vote at shareholders’ meetings, which could adversely affect your interests.
Under the deposit agreement for the ADSs, the depositary, in the case of poll voting will give us a discretionary proxy to vote our ordinary shares underlying your ADSs at shareholders’ meetings if you do not vote, unless we notify the depositary that:
| • | we do not wish to receive a discretionary proxy; |
| • | we think there is substantial shareholder opposition to the particular proposal; or |
| • | we think the particular proposal would have a material adverse impact on our shareholders. |
The effect of this discretionary proxy is that you cannot prevent our ordinary shares underlying your ADSs from being voted, absent the situations described above, and it may make it more difficult for shareholders to influence the management of our company. Holders of our ordinary shares are not subject to this discretionary proxy.
You may not receive dividends or other distributions on our ordinary shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical to make them available to you.
The depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian for our ADSs receives on our ordinary shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of our ordinary shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary is not responsible if it decides that it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. We have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of our ADSs, ordinary shares, rights or anything else to holders of our ADSs. This means that you may not receive the distributions we make on our ordinary shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical for us or the depositary to make them available to you. These restrictions may have a material adverse effect on the value of your ADSs.
You may be subject to limitations on transfer of your ADSs.
Your ADSs represented by ADRs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. The depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of our ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary thinks it is advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.
You may be subject to limitations on transfers of our ordinary shares.
Our ordinary shares are transferable subject to restrictions in our articles of association. However, our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share without assigning any reasons therefor. In addition, the registration of transfers may be suspended as our board of directors may determine, for up to 45 days in any year.
ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. History and Development of the Company
We, Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd., are an exempted company incorporated under the Companies Law (2004 Revision) of the Cayman Islands on July 27, 2005 for the purpose of becoming the sole shareholder of Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd., a “category 2” global business company incorporated in the Republic of Mauritius, which we refer to as Actions Semiconductor (Mauritius). A category 2 global business license is issued by the Financial Services Commission of Mauritius to a private company carrying on a qualified global business in a currency other than the Mauritian currency with persons who are resident outside of Mauritius. A preferential tax regime is applicable in Mauritius to a company holding a category 2 global business license. In August 2005, we issued 480 million shares to shareholders of Actions Semiconductor (Mauritius) in consideration for 100% of its share capital. By incorporating our company in the Cayman Islands, we believe that we may have additional flexibility to pursue future business opportunities or financing alternatives.
Actions Semiconductor (Mauritius) was initially organized on November 16, 2001 as Cristo Capital Inc. to become the holding company of the semiconductor design operations we were establishing in Zhuhai, China. Cristo Capital Inc. changed its name to Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd. on July 8, 2005. Actions Semiconductor (Mauritius) is the 100% shareholder of Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd., a subsidiary incorporated on December 28, 2001 in Zhuhai, China, which we refer to as Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai). We conduct substantially all of our operations through Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai).
As our scale of operations and revenues increased, we determined that it would be advantageous to establish a Hong Kong company through which to conduct some of our sales and customer service activities. In January 2004, Actions Semiconductor (Mauritius) acquired for consideration of HK$1.00, Actions Technology (HK) Company Limited, or Actions Technology (HK), a trading company with limited ongoing operations incorporated in Hong Kong, through which we set up a sales and customer support center in Hong Kong. By making sales through our sales center in Hong Kong, we are able to utilize Hong Kong’s well developed and efficient customs and receiving and delivery infrastructure. In addition, certain of our customers may be able to reduce the amount of value-added taxes to which they are subject by making purchases through our Hong Kong subsidiary.
On November 17, 2005, we established a subsidiary in the British Virgin Islands, Actions Microelectronics Co., Ltd., or Actions Microelectronics (BVI), which serves as a holding company of our research and development center. On December 19, 2005, Actions Microelectronics (BVI) established a subsidiary in Beijing, China, Beijing Actions North Microelectronic Co., Ltd., which serves as our research and development center for imaging and video technology. On February 13, 2006, Beijing Actions North Microelectronic Co., Ltd. changed its English name into Actions Microelectronics Co., Ltd, or Beijing Actions. On December 28, 2005, we established a subsidiary in the British Virgin Islands, Artek Microelectronics Co., Ltd., or Artek Microelectronics (BVI), which serves as a holding company for other subsidiaries we may establish in China in the future. On January 16, 2006, Artek Microelectronics (BVI) established a subsidiary in Hong Kong, Artek Microelectronics Co., Ltd., or Artek Microelectronics (HK), which serves as our second sales and customer support center in Hong Kong. On February 10, 2006, we established a subsidiary in the British Virgin Islands, Actions Capital Investment, Inc., or Actions Capital, through which we may invest in or acquire technologies or companies complimentary to our current operations. On March 14, 2006, Artek Microelectronics (BVI) established a subsidiary in Shenzhen, China, Artek Microelectronics Co., Ltd., or Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen), which serves as a part of our sales office and houses our technology service center. On November 6, 2006, we established a subsidiary in Shanghai China, Actions Investment Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., which serves as one of our management service center.
According to the new PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation regulations, effective on January 1, 2008, for any dividends paid from PRC resident enterprises to nonresident enterprises, a general 10% withholding income tax will be charged by the PRC tax authorities. Hong Kong and Mauritius holding companies, if qualified as Hong Kong and Mauritius tax residents, are subject to 5% preferred tax rate. We determined that it is advantageous for us to adjust our investment structure to use Hong Kong companies to hold our interests in our PRC subsidiaries. On August 17, 2007 and September 6, 2007, we established two subsidiaries in Hong Kong, Actions Microelectronics Co., Ltd., or Actions Microelectronics (HK), and Actions Enterprises (HK) Co., Ltd., or Actions Enterprises (HK), respectively, which serve as the holding companies of our PRC subsidiaries. We wound up the BVI holding company, Actions Microelectronics (BVI), on December 1, 2007 and intend to wind up Artek Microelectronics (BVI) in the near future.
On March 27, 2008, Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) established an subsidiary in Shanghai, China, Shanghai Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd., or Shanghai Actions, which serves as our research and development center in Eastern China.
Our principal executive offices are located at 15-1, No. 1, HIT Road, Tangjia, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519085, the People’s Republic of China, and our telephone number is (86-756) 339-2353. Our Internet address is www.actions-semi.com. The information on our web site is not a part of this document.
B. Business Overview
We are a fabless semiconductor company that designs, develops and markets integrated platform solutions, including SoCs, firmware, software development tools and reference designs, for manufacturers of portable media players. We provide integrated platform solutions to portable media player manufacturers, brand owners and value-added distributors that enable them to accelerate the time-to-market for their products. Our integrated platform solutions incorporate the following features that enable our customers to rapidly bring portable media players to market with a minimum level of technology investment:
| • | Our integrated platform solutions, which comprise SoCs, firmware, software development tools and reference designs, obviate the need for our customers to invest in costly and time-consuming internal firmware and software development for their products, or to source them from multiple suppliers. |
| • | Our network of third-party value-added distributors and applications developers enable our customers to quickly introduce products with differentiated features and to cost-effectively customize our solutions. |
| • | Our mixed-signal design capabilities allow us to integrate analog and digital components using a compact system architecture in our portable media player SoCs, and enable our customers to reduce their overall costs and produce smaller, more power-efficient portable products. |
| • | Our proximity to the China-based manufacturers of portable media players and presence in the rapidly evolving China market for portable media players enable us to better identify market trends and align our product development efforts with these market trends. |
We believe that our integrated platform solution approach provides a high level of value for our customers and creates a successful business model for us. We seek to extend our market leadership in SoC products and platform solutions for the development of portable media players through investing in technology leadership, extending our network of independent software developers and value-added distributors, incorporating high-end features into products for the mass-market, and improving the functionality-to-price ratio of our products.
Industry Background
Portable media players are battery-powered, portable consumer electronic devices that capture, store and play digital media files such as compressed audio, image and video files. Portable media players are featured with a wide range of industry audio compression technologies, the most popular of which include WMA, AAC, MP3, APE, and Ogg Vorbis, and video compression technologies such as AMV, MPEG4, H.264 and Flash.
Portable media players have in recent years emerged as one of the most popular consumer electronics products, with dedicated audio players and integrated digital audio/video players currently being the two most popular products in this category. We believe that several factors will continue to drive the growth in demand for portable media players:
| • | Transition from traditional consumer electronic devices to digital. Digital portable media players have several advantages over traditional devices, such as CD and cassette tape players, including reduced size, greater capacity and longer battery life, and are in the early stages of replacing such traditional devices; |
| • | Proliferation of digital media content. The availability and adoption of digital media content continue to grow rapidly driven by the increasing penetration of broadband Internet and growing acceptance of digital media distribution channels on the Internet such as Apple iTunes, Yahoo, MusicMatch and Napster; |
| • | Demand growth in emerging markets. High economic growth in emerging economies such as China, India, Russia and Brazil has resulted in increased per capita disposable income, which has stimulated strong demand for consumer electronics products such as portable media players; |
| • | Advancing functionality. Beginning with dedicated audio players, digital portable media devices have increasingly integrated video functionality, and we expect additional features such as advanced video game, image and video capture, digital audio and video broadcast reception, and wireless connectivity, to be adopted over time; |
| • | Embedding of portable media player functions in new products. The expansion of entry-level portable media capability—based on solutions such as ours that achieve highly attractive price points—into high-volume embedded markets, such as fashion accessories, toys and audio visual products, is expected to further increase demand; and |
| • | Decline in cost of commodity components. As prices of commodity components such as memory and display used in portable media players continue to decline, consumers are able to purchase products with superior memory capacity and resolutions at an equivalent or lower price, which stimulates the growth in the overall market. |
Portable Media Player Design and Manufacturing Value Chain
The functionality of portable media players is largely determined by the SoC controller. The SoC and memory components constitute a significant portion of a portable media player’s total cost. Portable media players’ small size and cost considerations usually require the use of a highly integrated mixed-signal SoC that incorporates standard digital components such as a processor, embedded memory and peripheral connections as well as analog components including codec, power management and audio signal amplifiers.
The portable media player industry, like many other segments of the consumer electronics industry, is increasingly centered in China. Portable media players manufactured by China-based manufacturers are often rebranded and sold across the world by importers, retailers, and consumer electronics companies. China’s low cost design and manufacturing capabilities are an increasingly important competitive advantage, as consumers increasingly demand more functionality at a lower price in each successive generation of portable media players. Contract manufacturers and brand owners also increasingly rely on SoC platform providers and value-added distributors to provide integrated platform solutions that enable them to accelerate their products’ time-to-market. The following chart illustrates the typical portable media player design and manufacturing value chain:
In order to differentiate their products, brand owners of portable media players must equip their products with unique designs and features. Often, brand owners and contract manufacturers lack comprehensive in-house design capabilities required to address the market trend towards increased functionality and short product life cycles. Since it is generally time-consuming and cost-prohibitive to create an entirely new system for each new function added, brand owners rely on value-added distributors to work closely with an integrated platform provider to not only provide the required features and functions but also provide total, integrated solutions that deliver the correct combination of features, cost, processing speed and power consumption. Only a few integrated platform providers, such as us, have the capability to provide total solutions directly to the contract manufacturers and brand owners based on a standard reference design.
Products and Technology
We provide a variety of solutions along the portable media player design and manufacturing value chain. For most of our value-added distributor customers and certain more sophisticated contract manufacturer and brand owner customers, we provide our SoCs and solution development kits, or SDKs. For less sophisticated customers, we provide our total solutions that consist of our SoCs, SDKs as well as reference designs that include detailed specifications of other required components and references to the providers of those components, which together allow these customers to assemble a complete portable media player.
Our capability to provide total solutions is the result of our detailed knowledge of the manufacturing technology along the different points of the design and manufacturing value chain. By applying that knowledge, we can mix, match and combine our solutions to fit the diverse needs of our customer base.
System-on-a-Chip (SoC)
Our SoCs are integrated circuits that incorporate a digital signal processor, a micro controller unit, embedded memory, codec, a power management unit and other components. Our SoCs are designed to be utilized for portable media players with upgradeable firmware. SoCs for portable media players must address a range of requirements, including high performance, low cost, high levels of system integration and low power consumption. We utilize a compact system architecture that incorporates an optimized algorithm with an embedded task management system in order to maximize the cost efficiency of our SoCs and solutions. Further, this architecture reduces the size of our SoCs and improves our SoCs’ power efficiency and functionality.
Our SoCs are manufactured using industry-standard, mixed-mode, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor, or CMOS, processes and are designed to help our customers lower the number of components required to manufacture their finished products and reduce their overall cost. Our multi-voltage SoC design results in lower noise and lower power consumption and supports audio encoders, digital rights management, USB and bluetooth connectivity and audio post-processing effects, such as equalization and stereo expansion. Our SoC products also include on-chip memory, controllers for color liquid crystal display, and analog components, including digital-to-analog converters, phase lock loops and USB transceivers.
The following table summarizes the key features of our SoCs based on our current five series, eight series and nine series platforms:
Device | | Introduction Date | | Addressable Market | | Available Functions | | Supplementary Functions | | Display | | Battery Life(1) | | Storage Media |
Five Series: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ATJ 2051 | | September 2004 | | Portable Media and Embedded Market | | • WMA • Voice Recording | | • USB 2.0 full speed • Data Storage • Data Encryption • Auto Run | | • LED/LCM color display controller • External Segment LCD Driver | | 20 hrs | | • NAND Flash (SLC) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Eight Series: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ATJ 2085 | | April 2004 | | Portable Media | | • WMA, DRM 10 • FM Radio • Voice Recording • Video Play- AMV1.1/2.0 | | • USB 2.0 full speed • Data storage • Data Encryption • Auto Run | | • OLED / TFT / CSTN color display controller | | 20 hrs | | • NAND Flash (SLC) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ATJ 2089 | | July 2004 | | Portable Media and Digital Still Camera | | • WMA, OGG, DRM 10 • FM Radio • Voice Recording • CMOS Camera • Video Play- AMV1.1/2.0 | | • USB 2.0 full speed • Data storage • Dictionary • Translator • Data Encryption • Auto Run | | • OLED / TFT / CSTN color display controller • Internal Segment LCD Driver | | 20 hrs | | • NAND Flash (SLC) • NOR Flash • HDD • SD/MMC |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ATJ 2087 | | September 2004 | | Portable Media | | • WMA, OGG, DRM 10 • FM Radio • Voice Recording • Video Play- AMV1.1/2.0 | | • USB 2.0 full speed • Data storage • Dictionary • Translator • Data Encryption • Auto Run | | • OLED / TFT / CSTN color display controller • Internal Segment LCD Driver | | 20 hrs | | • NAND Flash (SLC) • SD/MMC |
Device | | Introduction Date | | Addressable Market | | Available Functions | | Supplementary Functions | | Display | | Battery Life(1) | | Storage Media |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Nine Series: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ATJ 2097 | | June 2005 | | Portable Media | | • WMA, OGG, APE DRM 10 • FM Radio • Voice Recording • Video Play- AMV3.0/4.0 • Picture Browse | | • USB 2.0 high speed • Data storage • Dictionary • Translator • Data Encryption • Auto Run | | • 2.2’QCIF OLED / TFT / CSTN color display controller • Internal Segment LCD Driver | | 17 hrs | | • NAND Flash (SLC/MLC) • AG-AND Flash • SD/MMC • NOR Flash |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ATJ 2091 | | June 2006 | | Portable Media | | • WMA, OGG DRM 10/FM Radio • Voice Recording | | • USB 2.0 high speed • Data storage • Dictionary • Translator • Data Encryption • Auto Run | | • OLED / STN display controller • External Segment LCD Driver • LED | | 17 hrs | | • NAND Flash (SLC/MLC) • AG-AND Flash |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ATJ 2099 | | June 2006 | | Portable Media and Digital Video Camera | | • WMA, OGG,APE DRM 10 • FM Radio • Voice Recording • Video Play- AMV3.0/4.0 • Picture Browse • CMOS Camera • Digital Video Recording | | • USB 2.0 high speed • Data storage • Dictionary • Translator • Data Encryption • Auto Run | | • 2.2’QCIF OLED / TFT / CSTN color display controller • Internal Segment LCD Driver | | 17 hrs | | • NAND Flash (SLC/MLC) • AG-AND Flash • SD/MMC • NOR Flash • HDD |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ATJ2093 | | July 2006 | | Portable Multi-media | | • WMA, OGG • DRM 10 • FM Radio • Voice Recording • Video Play- AMV3.0/4.0 • Picture Browse • SRS WOW/SRS WOW HD | | • USB 2.0 high speed • Data storage • Dictionary • Data Encryption • Auto Run | | • 1’ -1.8’ OLED / TFT/CSTN color display • LCM/Segment LCD LED display | | 17 hrs | | • NAND Flash (SLC/MLC) |
Device | | Introduction Date | | Addressable Market | | Available Functions | | Supplementary Functions | | Display | | Battery Life(1) | | Storage Media |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ACU 75Series: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ACU7502/7512 | | July 2006 | | Portable Multi-media | | • WMA, OGG • DRM 10 • Voice Recording • Picture Browse • SRS WOW | | • USB 2.0 high speed • Data storage • Data Encryption • Auto Run | | • OLED display • LCM/ Segment LCD | | 17hr | | • NAND Flash (SLC/MLC) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ACU7503/7513 | | July 2006 | | Portable Multi-media | | • WMA, OGG • DRM 10 • Voice Recording • Picture Browse • SRS WOW | | • USB 2.0 high speed • Data storage • Data Encryption • Auto Run | | • OLED display • LCM/ Segment LCD | | 17hr | | • NAND Flash (SLC/MLC) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ACU7505/7515 | | July 2006 | | Portable Multi-media | | • WMA, OGG • DRM 10 • FM Radio • Voice Recording • Video Play- AMV3.0/4.0 • Picture Browse • SRS WOW/SRS WOW HD | | • USB 2.0 high speed • Data storage • Data Encryption • Auto Run | | • 1’ -1.8’ OLED / TFT/CSTN color display • LCM/Segment LCD LED display | | 17hr | | • NAND Flash (SLC/MLC) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ACU7507/7517 | | July 2006 | | Portable Multi-media | | • WMA, OGG, APE • DRM 10 • FM Radio • Voice Recording • Video Play- AMV3.0/4.0 • Picture Browse SD/MMC Card • SRS WOW/SRS WOW HD | | • USB 2.0 high speed • Data storage • Dictionary • Data Encryption • Auto Run • Photo Frame | | • 1’ - 2.2’QCIF OLED / TFT / CSTN color display • LCM/Segment LCD LED display | | 17hr | | • NAND Flash (SLC/MLC) • SD/MMC • NOR Flash |
Thirteen Series | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
ATJ 2135 | | January 2007 | | Portable Multi-Media TV player Digital Video Camera | | • WMA, DRM, WMA, ASF, OGG, APE, FLAC, WAV • DRM 10, MTP • FM Radio • Voice/FM/ Line in Recording, WAV, ACT • Video Play QVGA @25frame- XVID, AMVB • Picture Browse: JPEG, BMP, GIF • SD/MMC Card • SRS WOW+SRS WOW HD+Turbass+Usermode • TXT, • Multi task on ucOS, Linux • USB Slave 2.0 | | • MJPEG, WMV, MPEG2 etc • GAME, Flash, JAVA • TV-in/out, Coms Sensor, • Touch panel • USB OTG | | • 2.0’ - 3.5’ QVGA TFT color display | | • At 550 mAh li BAT • Video 5h • Music (LCD on) 7.5h • Music (LCD off) 12h | | • NAND Flash (SLC/MLC) • SD/MMC • NOR Flash • HDD |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) Using a single AA battery, media playback at medium volume level.
Solution Development Kits
Our solution development kits, or SDKs, include the embedded firmware code, software tools and documentation necessary to utilize our SoCs in portable media players. Our firmware utilizes an embedded structure design with standard interface that allows our customers to pick and choose functionalities and add new device drivers, which in turn lowers the complexity they face in developing their new products and accelerates the time-to-market for their products. Our manufacturing software tools also allow our customers to quickly mass produce their products based on our turnkey process. The principal features of our SDKs include the capability to:
| • | enable high-quality audio, image and video playback and encoding through optimized implementation of digital media compression and decompression functions; |
| • | support a range of file types, audio, images, text and video through a flexible format management system; |
| • | support firmware upgrades that would allow the addition of new features; |
| • | incorporate a standard library function such as digital music file decoder, voice recorder, file system management and data storage functions; |
| • | actively scale the processor speed depending on required function at the time, resulting in lower power consumption; and |
| • | reduce the required data movement and associated power drain through advanced memory allocation techniques. |
Reference Designs
Our total solutions include our SoCs, SDKs and reference designs that include detailed specifications of other required components and references to the providers of those components, which, together, allow those customers to assemble a complete portable media player. Our total solutions enable our customers to minimize the time and effort associated with design, development and production of new products.
Customers and Sales
We sell our products in China and world-wide through distribution arrangements and through our direct sales force to value-added distributors, contract manufacturers and brand owners. Though the substantial majority of our sales are made directly to value-added distributors, we consider all members of the portable media player design and manufacturing chain, including the brand owners and contract manufacturers, to be important customers as they may also be involved in the system design and the selection of the integrated platform provider. Brand owners and contract manufacturers often lack the comprehensive in-house design capabilities required to address the market need for increased functionality and the industry trend towards shorter product life cycles. As a result, they generally depend on value-added distributors and integrated platform providers like us to provide total solutions.
We do not typically enter into long-term contracts with our customers. Most of our value-added distributor customers provide us with a three-month non-binding rolling forecast each month and typically place purchase orders one month before expected delivery, although such purchase orders are still subject to adjustments or cancellations by that customer. Our customers are generally invoiced at the time of delivery. We also provide limited credit terms for our key customers.
Our most significant customers in 2006 included Power Radio, Jess Technology, Hong Kong Beta Power Tech, Sino-Mos Electronic and Prescope Technology, all of which are value-added distributors and collectively accounted for approximately 64% of our revenues, respectively. In 2007, our top five customers included Power Radio, GMI Technology, Uppo Company Limited, or formerly known as Prescope Technology, Sino-Mos Electronics and Steed Digital Technology Co., Ltd., all of which are also value-added distributors and collectively accounted for approximately 59% of our revenues. In 2006 and 2007, sales directly to brand owners accounted for approximately 9% and 11% of our SoCs sold, respectively, however many of our products sold to value-added distributors are incorporated in branded products.
Export sales to our customers in Hong Kong accounted for approximately 91%, 76%, and 68% of our revenues in 2005, 2006 and 2007. In 2006, we had an increase in sales to customers in Taiwan, as a result of which export sales to our customers Taiwan accounted for approximately 14% and 9 % in 2006 and 2007, respectively. We anticipate that a significant majority of our revenue will continue to be represented by sales to customers in Hong Kong. A small amount of our products are sold to customers in the PRC.
Marketing
Our marketing group focuses its efforts on product strategy, new product introduction, demand assessment and competitive analysis. Our marketing group works closely with our value-added distributor and contract manufacturer customers to better align our product development efforts with the requirements of the brand owner. We also hold product introduction seminars with our value-added distributor, contract manufacturer and brand owner customers whenever we have a major breakthrough in product development. Our marketing group monitors our sales and the inventory levels of our customers to allocate our shipments. In addition, our marketing group collaborates with our customers in product development strategies and strategic marketing. We have been able to leverage our position at the beginning of the portable media player design and manufacturing value chain to organize group purchases and negotiate volume discounts for our downstream customers who require other portable media player components, such as flash memory, LCD drivers or OLED displays, to build their end-products. Our marketing group also coordinates our product development activities, product launches and ongoing demand and supply planning with our research and development department as well as with our brand owner customers.
As of December 31, 2007, we had a total of 18 direct sales and marketing employees, all of whom have a background in engineering, which enables them to better communicate with our customers and work with them in designing portable media players to meet their changing demands.
Technology Service Center
We have created a technology service center to quickly customize our platform and total solutions based on our customers’ needs, including changes in specifications of a current product or requests to add new product features. The field application engineers at our technology service center assist our customers with pre-sale consultation, jointly design product specifications, develop system solutions and monitor and assist the manufacturing process in cooperation with value-added distributors, contract manufacturers and brand owners. They also provide after sale services when mass production commences. We believe that our geographical proximity to our customers who, for the most part, have operations located in the Pearl River Delta region in southern China allows us to respond to their needs in a shorter period of time and accelerate their product time-to-market. At the same time, timely feedback from our customers allows us to identify market trends and demands ahead of our competitors. As of December 31, 2007, our technology service center employed 68 field application engineers, 62 of whom were located in Zhuhai and six of whom were located in Shenzhen. We plan to increase the number of our field area engineers as we continue to grow our business.
Information Technology
We believe that we have a well developed information technology infrastructure. Our information technology system is based on Information Technology Infrastructure Library, or ITIL. As one of the most widely accepted approaches to information technology service management, ITIL provides a cohesive set of international best practices, drawn from public and private sector companies. It is supported by a comprehensive qualifications scheme, accredited training organizations, and implementation and assessment tools.
We are also implementing an Oracle Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system starting from January 1, 2008, so that we can successfully data mine critical design and marketing information from our customers’ orders, our own research and development efforts and product delivery status. We use control objectives for information and related technology, or COBIT, as guidance and framework for our information technology governance. We believe our well developed information technology system is one of the key factors in allowing us to identify market trends and demands ahead of our competitors.
Manufacturing
Our SoCs are manufactured by third-party foundries that process silicon wafers and produce the SoCs. Presently, He Jian Technology Company manufactures almost all of our semiconductors. He Jian currently fabricates our devices using mature and stable 0.162 micron CMOS process technology. We also maintain relationships with other contract foundries to help ensure we have alternative manufacturing capabilities.
We manage much of our manufacturing logistics internally, including pre-production hardware testing, test program development, characterization and qualification testing, production scheduling, capacity planning, work-in-progress tracking, yield management, shipping logistics, supplier management and quality support functions, such as failure analysis.
Our SoCs are designed to use low-cost, industry standard packages and to be tested with widely available automatic testing equipment. Following processing, silicon wafers that are manufactured for our SoCs are either tested by us internally or by third-party testing houses such as Siliconware Technology, Tian Shui Hua Tian Technology and King Long Technology. Thereafter, these wafers are shipped to third-party packaging subcontractors such as Tian Shui Hua Tian Technology, Siliconware Technology, Nantong Fujitsu Microelectronics and Wuxi China Resources Micro-Assembly Technology, where they are sliced into individual die, and assembled into finished semiconductor packages and tested on site or returned to us for final product testing.
We manufacture or purchase the testing equipment we use under strict cost-efficiency criteria. We enter into contracts with third-party testing houses whenever our production volume outpaces our testing capacity. We also develop and control almost all product testing programs used by us internally and by the testing and packaging subcontractors. These testing programs are developed based on our product specifications, thereby maintaining our ownership of the functional and parametric performance of our semiconductors. By conducting many of the testing programs internally, we are able to maintain a fabless business model, yet also gain first hand knowledge of the manufacturing process. We conducted approximately 74%, 89% and 98% of the testing of our silicon wafers internally in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively, and approximately 60%, 80% and 96% of the testing of our final SoC products internally in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. We intend to continue to invest in additional testing equipment to expand our internal testing capacity.
Quality and Reliability Assurance
We have designed and implemented a quality management system that provides the framework for continual improvement of our products, processes and customer service. We apply established design rules and practices for CMOS devices through standard design, layout and testing processes. We also rely on in-depth simulation studies and practical application testing to validate and verify our SoCs. We strive to achieve best-in- class quality and reliability performance on all of our products through a systematic approach that emphasizes quality at every phase of product development and manufacturing. From initial design conception to fabrication, testing, and assembly, we strive to assure quality by fabrication and assembly process monitoring, materials inspections, wafer level reliability, testing, new product qualification testing, reliability monitoring of finished products. We emphasize a strong supplier quality management practice in which the independent suppliers that are used by our manufacturing logistics partners are pre-qualified by our operations and quality teams. We also require that the independent suppliers used by our manufacturing logistics partners have a quality management system, are certified to the ISO9000 standard and have an environmental management system certified to the ISO14000 standard. To ensure consistent product quality, reliability and yield, we work together with our contract manufacturers to closely monitor the production cycle by reviewing manufacturing process data from each wafer foundry, testing house and assembly subcontractor.
Competition
The market for SoCs for portable media players is competitive and rapidly evolving. Increased competition may result in industry-wide price reductions or reduced margins. In particular, we face competition from SoC platform providers such as ALi, Anyka, Broadcom, NXP Semiconductor, PortalPlayer, Rockchips, Samsung, SigmaTel, Silicon Motion, Sunplus, Telechips and Texas Instruments. As we diversify and expand our product categories, we may also face competition from other semiconductor companies and manufacturers of consumer electronics and mobile devices. Many of these companies have significantly greater financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing, sales and other resources than us. These companies may offer high-level performance semiconductors for certain segments of the consumer electronics market that may include portable media player functionality in addition to other functions. We may also face competition from some of our customers who may develop products or technologies internally which are competitive with our SoCs, or who may enter into strategic relationships with or acquire existing semiconductor providers. In addition, some of our competitors manufacture SoCs using smaller process geometries than we use in our production process, and produce products that offer functions that are different than the functions of our SoCs. However, we believe that our semiconductor chip architecture allows our SoCs to offer very competitive performance compared with chips produced by our competitors. Further, we believe that the location of our facilities in China provides us with access to lower cost research and development and other engineering personnel, and provides significant benefits to our overall cost structure. This in turn allows us to produce SoCs that combine functionality with aggressive pricing, or high functionality-to-price ratios.
As portable media players become a mass produced consumer item, consumers become more sensitive to the design, size, functionality and price of the devices they purchase. In turn, brand owners have responded by quickly introducing more models with varying price, functions and features, such as embedding portable media player functionality in mobile phones, eyewear, watches, bluetooth earphones or other fashion or gift, toys and other items. As a result, we believe that the key competition for SoC platform providers like us will be in the design and manufacturing technology. To be successful, we must compete on the basis of:
| • | ability to deliver integrated platforms solutions that support a wide variety of industry standards; |
| • | design flexibility that allows customers to differentiate their products; |
| • | strong customer support that decreases the length of product design cycles and accelerates product time- to-market; |
| • | power efficiency that offsets the increased power requirements of color displays and graphic processing; |
| • | competitive pricing; and |
| • | intellectual property position and know-how. |
We believe we are well positioned to compete in the design and manufacturing technology areas against our competitors because of our ability to provide total solutions to our customers that allow them to quickly roll-out new and differentiated products while reducing the overall system cost and size.
Regulations
This section sets forth a summary of the most significant regulations or requirements that affect our business activities in China or our shareholders’ rights to receive dividends and other distributions from us.
Foreign Investment
Pursuant to the Foreign Investment Industrial Guidance Catalogue (the “Guidance Catalogue”) issued on November 30, 2004 and effective as of January 1, 2005 by the Ministry of Commerce and the State Development and Reform Commission (the “SDRC”), integrated circuit design and software development and production are classified as industrial sectors in which foreign investments are encouraged. The Guidance Catalogue does not exert any limitation of foreign ownership in the businesses of integrated circuit design and software development and production currently conducted by Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai).
Integrated Circuit Design and Software Development
Pursuant to the Several Policies on Encouragement of Development of Software and Integrated Circuit Industries promulgated by the State Council on June 25, 2000 and effective as of the same date (the “Encouragement Policies”), certified integrated circuit design enterprises are treated in the same manner as certified software enterprises and therefore enjoy various incentive polices available to the software enterprises under the Encouragement Policies, such as incentive policies relating to investment and financing, taxation, industrial technologies, exports, income distribution and protection of intellectual property rights. For example, certified integrated circuit design enterprises are exempt from enterprise income tax (“EIT”) for their first two years of profitable operations and entitled to a 50% reduction in their EIT for the following three years. They are also exempt from tariffs and import-related value-added tax on their imported manufacturing equipment for self- use. The Export and Import Bank of China is required to provide credit support with preferential interest rates for such enterprises’ export businesses. Further, PRC government purchasers of relevant products are required to give preference to such enterprises.
Certification of integrated circuit design enterprises and products is governed by the Administration Measures on Certification of Integrated Circuit Design Enterprises and Products (the “IC Design Certification Measures”) issued by the Ministry of Information and Industry (the “MII”) and the State Administration of Taxation (the “SAT”) on March 7, 2002 and effective as of the same date. Pursuant to the IC Design Certification Measures, integrated circuit products are defined as integrated circuit design software and circuits (including products designed by Chinese companies that cannot be produced in China and should be processed by foreign companies) and integrated circuit design enterprises are defined as independent legal person entities established in China engaged in the design of integrated circuit products (including development of integrated circuit software). Pursuant to a joint notice regarding adjustment of administration of certification of integrated circuit design enterprises and products issued by the MII and the SAT effective as of July 1, 2004, applications for such certification are subject to preliminary review by certification organizations duly authorized by the MII. Final verification and approval must be given by the MII in accordance with the procedures and requirements set forth in the IC Design Certification Measures, and a copy of such approvals must be provided to the SAT. Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) has been certified as an integrated circuit design enterprise in 2005 and 2006, and is subject to passing inspection annually. With respect to the annual inspection for the year 2007, Action Semiconductor Zhuhai has passed the preliminary review by China Semiconductor Industry Association. The final result is pending verification by the MII.
Certification of software enterprises is governed by the Tentative Standards and Administrative Measures on Certification of Software Enterprises (the “Software Certification Measures”) issued by the MII, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technologies and the SAT on October 16, 2000 and effective as of the same date. Pursuant to the Software Certification Measures, software products are defined as software embedded in computer software, information systems or equipment provided to users or computer software provided in conjunction with the provision of computer information system integration or application services or other technical services. The MII is responsible for the nationwide administration of such certification, and relevant software industrial associations or other associations authorized by the MII are the certification organizations of software enterprises.
Intellectual Property Rights
China has adopted comprehensive legislation governing intellectual property rights, including trademarks, patents, copyrights and other intellectual property rights. China has adhered to the main international conventions on intellectual property rights and became a member of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights upon its accession to WTO in December 2001.
Integrated circuit diagram designs are specifically protected under the Protection Regulations for Integrated Circuit Diagram Design promulgated by the State Council on April 2, 2001 and effective as of October 1, 2001 and its Implementation Rules issued by the State Intellectual Property Office (the “SIPO”) on September 18, 2001 and effective as of October 1, 2001. Integrated circuit diagram designs are entitled to proprietary rights for a ten-year period upon registration with the SIPO.
Registered trademarks are protected under the Trademark Law amended by the Standing Committee of National People’s Congress (the “SCNPC”) on October 27, 2001 and effective as of December 1, 2001. Trademarks can be registered with the Trademark Office for renewable ten-year periods.
Registered patents are protected under the Patent Law amended by SCNPC on August 25, 2000 and effective as of July 1, 2001. Patents are divided into three categories, specifically inventions, utility models and exterior designs, which can be registered with the Patent Office. The protection period for inventions is 20 years, and the protection periods for utility models and exterior designs are 10 years.
The SCNPC amended the Copyright Law on October 27, 2001 and effective as of the same date, pursuant to which certain engineering and product designs and software are eligible for copyright protection. In addition, copyrights for computer software are specifically protected under the Protection Regulations issued by the State Council on December 20, 2001 and effective as of January 1, 2002. There is also a voluntary registration system for computer software copyrights, which is administered by the China Copyright Protection Center.
Taxation in the PRC
On January 1, 2008, the Foreign-funded Enterprise and Foreign Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC was abolished, and the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, promulgated on March 16, 2007, became effective. Pursuant to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, the income tax rate for both domestic-funded enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises will be 25%.
Foreign Currency Exchange
Pursuant to the Administrative Regulations on Foreign Exchange amended by the State Council on January 14, 1997 and effective as of the same date and various further regulations issued by the Sate Administration of Foreign exchange (the “SAFE”), Renminbi can be freely converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China through a designated foreign exchange bank for current account transactions, such as payment for purchase of goods and services. However, evidence in the form of contracts, invoices and in some cases government registration certificates, must be presented to the bank. For capital account transactions, such as equity investments and loans, conversion of foreign currency into Renminbi, or Renminbi into foreign currency, and remittance thereof into or out of China requires approval by SAFE or its local office.
Within China, all payments must be made in Renminbi. Unless otherwise approved, Chinese companies must repatriate foreign currency payments received from abroad into China. Foreign invested enterprises, such as Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai), are allowed to retain foreign currency in accounts with designated foreign exchange banks, subject to a maximum amount set by SAFE.
Dividend Distribution
The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends by wholly foreign owned enterprises include the Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law amended by SCNPC on October 31, 2000 and effective as of the same date, and its Implementing Rules amended by the State Council on April 12, 2001 and effective as of the same date.
Under these regulations, a foreign invested enterprise in China may pay dividends only out of its accumulated distributable profits, if any, determined in accordance with its articles of association, and the accounting standards and regulations in China. In particular, Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai), as a wholly foreign owned enterprise, is required to provide for a reserve fund and a staff and workers’ bonus fund, and to set aside at least 10% (up to an aggregate amount equal to half of its registered capital) of its after-tax profits each year.
C. Organizational Structure
The following chart indicates the equity ownership structure and jurisdiction of incorporation of each of our subsidiaries as of March 31, 2008.
D. Property, Plant and Equipment
Our corporate headquarters are located in 15-1, No. 1, HIT Road, Tangjia, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519085, the People’s Republic of China, where we occupy approximately 74,330 square feet under five separate leases from Zhuhai New Economic Resource Development Port Co., Ltd., expiring on November 31, 2008. All of our semiconductor design operations are conducted at our corporate headquarters, including our semiconductor testing operations, and all of our testing equipment are located there. We lease approximately 2,138 square feet under a lease that expires on March 31, 2009 in Hong Kong which serves as our export trade office. In Beijing, we lease approximately 9,365 square feet under a lease that expires on December 31, 2008, which serves as our research and development center for imaging and video technology. We entered into a Land Use Right Grant Agreement on December 21, 2005 with the Bureau of Land Resources, Zhuhai for 564,298 square feet of land on which to set up our new corporate headquarters. We anticipate its construction will be completed by the end of 2009. We lease appropriately 13,545 square feet in Shenzhen under a lease that expires on February 28, 2009, which serves as a part of our sales office and houses our technology service center. In Shanghai, we lease approximately 5,199 square feet under a lease that expires on March 15, 2009, which serves as one of our management service centers.
ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
A. Operating Results
Overview
We are a fabless semiconductor company that designs, develops and markets integrated platform solutions, including SoCs, firmware, software development tools and reference designs, for manufacturers of portable media players. We provide integrated platform solutions to portable media player manufacturers, brand owners and value-added distributors that enable them to accelerate the time-to-market for their products. We believe that our integrated platform solution approach provides a high level of value for our customers and creates a successful business model for us. We seek to extend our market leadership in SoC products and platform solutions for the development of portable media players through investing in technology leadership, extending our network of independent software developers and value-added distributors, incorporating high-end features into products for the mass-market, and improving the functionality-to-price ratio of our products.
Financial Operations Overview
The following describes key components of our statements of operations:
Revenues
We generate revenues primarily from sales of SoCs for portable media players. We generally sell our SoCs together with solution development kits, or SDKs, or together with SDKs and reference designs, which we sometimes refer to as our total solutions. We sell a small number of SoCs without SDKs or reference designs. The prices at which we sell our SoCs are generally not affected by whether we include SDKs or reference designs.
We previously generated limited revenues from sales of SoCs for energy metering products and for remote control toy cars. We licensed our technology in SoCs for remote control toys cars to a third-party in February 2005, and licensed our technology in SoCs for energy metering to our affiliate, Hi-Trend Investment Holding Co., Ltd., in May 2006. We have also generated limited revenues in providing semiconductor product testing services at times when we had excess capacity in our semiconductor testing operations.
Revenues from our SoCs for portable media players are affected by the volume of units shipped and the average selling price, which are in turn influenced by our product mix and selling prices for individual products. Our selling prices are principally determined by our products’ features and functionality, and by market conditions. As our SoCs for portable media players mature in the market, their selling prices tend to decline over time. We have been able to limit the decline in our average selling prices by introducing new products with additional features and functions with higher initial selling prices. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, sales of SoCs for portable media players accounted for approximately 98.0%, 99.2% and 99.7% of our total revenues, respectively.
Cost of Revenues
Our cost of revenues comprise of costs for our SoC products and have historically also included costs for semiconductor product testing services, which consist of depreciation and amortization costs for product testing equipment and costs associated with operating this equipment.
SoCs: Cost of revenues for our SoC products primarily consists of our wafer prices, external testing and packaging fees, royalty payment, and personnel and occupancy expenses associated with our operations. In addition, we include inventory handling costs, inventory write-downs and transportation costs in our cost of revenues. The inventory write-downs have been immaterial to date. There can be no assurance, however, that a decrease in the average selling price of our products in the future would not require us to provide for material allowances in future periods.
In general, our per unit costs, including wafer prices and external testing and packaging fees, declined for the majority of our SoC products beginning from the second quarter of 2004 through the second quarter of 2006 as we increased the volume of our orders.
Wafer Pricing: We outsource the manufacturing of our SoC products to contract foundries. Wafer prices, which include both the purchase of silicon wafers and the foundries’ processing charges, are the largest component of our cost of revenues. We expect that wafer prices will continue to comprise the largest portion of our costs of revenues for the foreseeable future.
Royalty Payments: We have entered into licensing agreements with respect to third-party technologies that we use in our products. We generally pay licensing fees at the time we enter into the licensing agreement with the technology licensor. In addition, we pay royalty fees to the technology licensors based on the number of products we sell using the licensed technology. In general, however, the royalty payments that we pay are capped at a fixed maximum amount. As a result, product shipments made above the levels at which maximum royalty payments are required result in a higher margin per unit. In certain instances, our customers choose to purchase our solutions excluding the licensed technology. Throughout 2005, 2006 and 2007, an increasing number of our customers chose to purchase our solutions excluding the licensed technology. In such cases, our sales price and cost of revenues for such products are reduced to reflect the fact that we did not pay royalty fees on those units.
External Testing and Packaging: We test the silicon wafers used in the production of our SoCs internally or outsource testing operations to third-party testing houses. We manufacture or purchase the testing equipment we use under strict cost-efficiency criteria. We enter into contracts with third-party testing houses whenever our production volume exceeds our testing capacity. After testing, we employ third-party subcontractors to slice wafers into individual die and to assemble and package the die into finished semiconductor packages, which processes are collectively referred to as “packaging”.
Gross Profit
As the industry in which we compete is characterized by intense competition, integrated platform providers, including our company, must continuously invest in research and development to update and improve product features and functions. As a result, selling prices for products with less advanced features and functions generally decline over time as newer products are introduced. This aspect of the portable media player market means that in order to maintain our competitiveness and overall gross profit margin, we are required to continue to develop and offer products with improved features and additional functionality. We expect that our overall gross profit, as a percentage of revenues, may fluctuate from period to period as a result of shifts in product mix, changes in demand by consumers, changes in our pricing policies and those of our competitors, and new product introductions by us and our competitors.
Other Operating Income
Our other operating income has principally comprised of royalty income, subsidies and miscellaneous items. Royalty income consists of licensing fees we receive from licensing our technology in SoCs for remote control toy cars and energy metering. Subsidies include rent subsidy provided by the Zhuhai municipal government for our headquarters and research facilities, and project awards we have received for having undertaken research projects that advance areas of technology favored by the PRC government.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses include research and development expenses, selling and marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses.
Research and development expenses: Research and development expenses consist primarily of engineering expenses, costs associated with our electronic design automation software, depreciation on research and development equipment, and the cost of parts and materials for prototypes, as well as salaries, employee benefits and related expenses of employees engaged in research, design and development activities, including certain employees staffing our technology service center. We allocate the salaries, employee benefits and expenses attributable to field application engineers employed in our technology service center to research and development expenses, as the primary duty of these engineers is to provide customization services to our customers as a part of our integrated platform solutions. Such services are provided to our customers free of charge and prior to our receipt of purchase orders. As such, customers are under no obligation to reimburse us for costs incurred during this process or to actually purchase products from us. We expense all research and development costs as they are incurred.
Research and development expenses comprised 43.1%, 48.7% and 50.0% of our operating expenses in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. We believe that continued investment in research and development is critical to our ability to meet the changing requirements of our customers and to our overall long-term success. Accordingly, we expect that our research and development expenses will continue to grow both on an aggregate basis and as a percentage of our revenues as we employ additional research and development personnel, and as we seek to introduce more products and the life cycles of our products shorten.
General and administrative expenses: Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, employee benefits, and related expenses for human resources, finance personnel and senior management. We also record expenses we incur for professional services, including fees related to our litigation with SigmaTel, as general and administrative expenses. Fees related to our litigation with SigmaTel were US$4.9 million, US$1.3 million and 0.6 million for 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. General and administrative expenses comprised 49.4%, 43.2% and 42.4% of our operating expenses in 2005, 2006 and 2007. We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in the future as we hire additional experienced management personnel to further expand our business, and as we incur additional professional service fees, such as legal and accounting fees, in connection with our obligations as a public company.
Sales and marketing expenses: Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, employee benefits and related expenses for our sales and marketing department. They also include the direct costs attributable to our sales and marketing activities, such as travel, entertainment and advertising expenses. Sales and marketing expenses comprised 7.5%, 8.1% and 7.6% of our operating expenses in 2005, 2006 and 2007. We intend to expand our sales and support network to better serve our customer base. As a result, we expect our sales and marketing expenses to increase in the future.
Interest income
We earn interest income from our demand deposit accounts and marketable securities as a part of our cash management.
Other income
Our other income excluded from income from operations principally comprised of income related to tax refund and certain foreign exchange gain.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Our most critical policies include: (a) revenue recognition; (b) allowance for doubtful accounts; (c) write-down for obsolete inventories and (d) provision for litigation claims. The following is a discussion of our most critical policies, as well as the estimates and judgments involved.
Revenue Recognition. Our revenues are primarily derived from the sale of SoC products that we design and develop at our own expense. We recognize revenue based on firm customer orders with fixed terms and conditions, including the selling price net of discount and commissions, if any. We recognize revenue when delivery has occurred and collectability is determined to be reasonably assured. We also provide semiconductor product testing, and revenue is recognized when the services are rendered. We do not provide our customers with price protection and only provide the right of return for defective goods in connection with our warranty policy. To date, the costs of our warranty policy have been insignificant.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. We conduct credit evaluations of customers and analyze the payment history of customer accounts, including recent customer purchases. In circumstances where we are aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to us, we will record an allowance against amounts due to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount we reasonably believe will be collected. We recorded allowance for doubtful accounts in the amount of US$0, US$0, and US$0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. As our business grows, we expect our accounts receivable balance to increase. If the financial condition of our customers deteriorates, we may recognize allowance on such uncollectible accounts receivable, which would adversely impact our future operating results.
Write-down for Obsolete Inventories. We value our inventory at the lower of the actual costs of our inventory or its current estimated market value based on the selling prices of our SoCs. We record inventory provisions for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventories based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory provisions may be required.
Provision for Litigation Claims. We have been subject to legal proceedings and claims with respect to matters such as patents as identified in “Business—Legal Proceedings” in this document. Our success and future revenue growth will depend, in part, on our ability to protect our intellectual property.
It is possible that other companies might pursue litigation with respect to any claims such companies purport to have against us. The results of any litigation are inherently uncertain. In the event of an adverse result in any litigation with respect to intellectual property rights relevant to our products that could arise in the future, we could be required to obtain licenses to use the infringed technology, pay substantial damages under applicable law, cease the use and sale of infringing products or expend significant resources to develop non-infringing technology. Litigation frequently involves substantial expenditures and can require significant management attention, even if we ultimately prevail.
We are currently involved in certain claims and legal proceedings and have incurred significant costs associated with defending these matters. Periodically, we review the status of each significant matter and assess our potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount can be estimated, we accrue a liability for the estimated loss. If we estimate that loss will be within a range, and no amount within the range is considered a better estimate than any other amount, we would record the minimum estimated liability.
Inflation
Inflation in China has not had a material impact on our results of operations in recent years. According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, China’s overall inflation rate, as represented by changes in the Consumer Price Index, was approximately 1.8% in 2005, 1.5% in 2006 and 4.8% in 2007.
Results of Operations
The following tables set forth selected results of operations data derived from our consolidated financial statements, expressed in thousands of U.S. dollars and as a percentage of revenues, for the periods indicated. Our historical results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results for any future period.
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2005 | | % | | 2006 | | % | | 2007 | | % | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
System-on-a-chip products | | US$ | 149,369 | | | 99.8 | % | US$ | 170,129 | | | 99.9 | % | US$ | 116,320 | | | 99.7 | % |
Semiconductor product testing services | | | 253 | | | 0.2 | % | | 99 | | | 0.1 | % | | 308 | | | 0.3 | % |
Total net revenues | | | 149,622 | | | 100.0 | % | | 170,228 | | | 100.0 | % | | 116,628 | | | 100.0 | % |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
System-on-a-chip products | | | (60,518 | ) | | -40.4 | % | | (75,853 | ) | | -44.6 | % | | (56,687 | ) | | -48.6 | % |
Semiconductor product testing services | | | (68 | ) | | 0.0 | % | | (58 | ) | | 0.0 | % | | (231 | ) | | -0.2 | % |
Total cost of revenues | | | (60,586 | ) | | -40.4 | % | | (75,911 | ) | | -44.6 | % | | (56,918 | ) | | -48.8 | % |
Gross profit | | | 89,036 | | | 59.6 | % | | 94,317 | | | 55.4 | % | | 59,710 | | | 51.2 | % |
Other operating income | | | 1,122 | | | 0.7 | % | | 1,634 | | | 1.0 | % | | 392 | | | 0.3 | % |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Research and development | | | (7,825 | ) | | -5.2 | % | | (9,773 | ) | | -5.7 | % | | (12,381 | ) | | -10.6 | % |
General and administrative | | | (8,968 | ) | | -6.0 | % | | (8,663 | ) | | -5.1 | % | | (10,485 | ) | | -9.0 | % |
Selling and marketing | | | (1,375 | ) | | -0.9 | % | | (1,626 | ) | | -1.0 | % | | (1,880 | ) | | -1.6 | % |
Total operating expenses | | | (18,168 | ) | | -12.1 | % | | (20,062 | ) | | -11.8 | % | | (24,746 | ) | | -21.2 | % |
Income from operations | | | 71,990 | | | 48.2 | % | | 75,889 | | | 44.6 | % | | 35,356 | | | 30.3 | % |
Other income | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | 11,570 | | | 9.9 | % |
Interest income | | | 1,148 | | | 0.8 | % | | 4,876 | | | 2.9 | % | | 7,162 | | | 6.1 | % |
Interest expenses | | | (77 | ) | | -0.1 | % | | (160 | ) | | -0.1 | % | | (82 | ) | | -0.1 | % |
Income before income taxes, equity in net loss of an affiliate and minority interest | | | 73,061 | | | 48.9 | % | | 80,605 | | | 47.4 | % | | 54,006 | | | 46.2 | % |
Income taxes(expense) credit | | | 526 | | | 0.4 | % | | (5,984 | ) | | -3.5 | % | | (2,202 | ) | | -1.9 | % |
Equity in net loss of an affiliate | | | — | | | — | | | (156 | ) | | -0.1 | % | | 179 | | | 0.2 | % |
Minority Interests | | | 18 | | | 0.0 | % | | 96 | | | 0.1 | % | | 220 | | | 0.2 | % |
Net income | | US$ | 73,605 | | | 49.3 | % | US$ | 74,561 | | | 43.9 | % | US$ | 52,203 | | | 44.7 | % |
Year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006
Revenues. Revenues decreased by US$53.6 million, or 31.5%, from US$170.2 million in 2006 to US$116.6 million in 2007. The decrease was due primarily to a 28.8% decline in the average selling price of our SoCs for portable media players in 2007 compared to 2006 as well as a slight 3.2% decrease in units shipped compared to last year. The decline in average selling price was primarily the result of our strategy to reduce prices on certain products from time to time in order to maintain our sales volume and market share as well as the product mix adjustment as the low-end products accounted for larger portion of our total units shipments in 2007.
Revenues resulted from providing semiconductor products testing services comprised of 0.1% and 0.3% of our total revenue in 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues decreased by US$19.0 million, or 25.0%, from US$75.9 million in 2006 to US$56.9 million in 2007, primarily due to a decrease in average unit cost resulted from our cost reduction measures, including wafer pricing and process migration from 0.18 micron to 0.162 micron. The decrease in units shipped of our SoC products also caused a drop in costs of revenue in proportion thereto.
Gross Profit. As a result of the decrease in sales of our SoC products, our gross profit decreased by US$34.6 million, or 36.7%, from US$94.3 million in 2006 to US$59.7 million in 2007. Our gross profit margin was 51.2% in 2007, compared to 55.4% in 2006. The decrease in gross margin was due to the decline in average selling price which was larger than the decline in average unit cost.
Other Operating Income. Other operating income decreased by US$1.2 million, or 75.0%, from US$1.6 million in 2006 to US$0.4 million in 2007. In 2007, our other operating income relates to royalty income from licensing fee. In 2007, we recognized royalty payment of $0.3 million from licensing our technology in the energy metering SoCs to our affiliate Hi-Trend Investment Holding Co., Ltd., which completed its license royalty payment plan to us in April 2007. In 2006, we recognized a US$0.5 million license fee and a US$0.7 million royalty payment from Hi-Trend Investment Holding Co., Ltd.
Operating Expenses. Total operating expenses increased by US$4.7 million, or 23.3%, from US$20.1 million in 2006 to US$24.7 million in 2007.
| • | Research and development. Research and development expenses increased by US$2.6 million, or 26.7%, from US$9.8 million in 2006 to US$12.4 million in 2007, due primarily to US$1.3 million increase in intangible assets amortization associated with the acquired development tools and software, US$0.5 million increase in the compensation and welfare expenses resulted from an increase in number of the research and development personnel, and an increase in costs associated with new research and development projects, totaled US$0.5 million, including mask costs, verification expenses, depreciation of equipments, etc. |
| • | General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased by US$1.8 million, or 21.0%, from US$8.7 million in 2006 to US$10.5 million in 2007, due primarily to an increase of US$1.4 million compensation and welfare expenses resulted from an increase in number of personnel, an increase of US$0.4 million claim payments associated with our employment dispute with one of our former employees, US$0.6 million in foreign currency exchange loss, and US$0.3 million in allowance for doubtful accounts. The increase was partially offset by a decrease of US$1.1 million in payment of consultancy and legal fees as we settled all of our disputes with SigmaTel. |
| • | Selling and marketing expenses. Selling and marketing expenses increased by US$0.3 million, or 15.6%, from US$1.6 million in 2006 to US$1.9 million in 2007, due primarily to the US$0.2 million sponsor fee for a concert held in Shenzhen in December 2007 jointly by us and our partner Muzgame.com, a music content internet company. |
Income from Operations. As a result of the foregoing, our income from operations decreased by US$40.5 million, or 53.4%, from US$75.9 million in 2006 to US$35.4 million in 2007.
Interest Income. The amount of our cash, cash equivalents and time deposits decreased to US$74.7 million as of December 31, 2007, compared to US$183.5 million as of December 31, 2006. While the balance has decreased, the marketable securities has increased to US$165.3 million compared to US$20.5 million. As we had generally higher levels of cash position and we had recorded higher yield due to more active cash management, our interest income increased by US$2.3 million, or 46.9%, from US$4.9 million in 2006 to US$7.2 million in 2007.
Other Income (non-operating). Other income excluded from income from operations increased to US$11.6 million from Nil in 2006 due primarily to an increase of tax refund of approximately US$5.9 million received from Zhuhai municipal government, and an increase of US$5.6 million foreign currency exchange rate gain.
Year ended December 31, 2006 and 2005
Revenues. Revenues increased by US$20.6 million, or 13.8%, from US$149.6 million in 2005 to US$170.2 million in 2006. This increase was due primarily to an increase of 55.6% in units shipped of our SoCs for portable media players, which was driven by an increase in the market share of our products and an increase in the demand for SoCs for portable media players. This increase was offset by a 26.0% decline in the average selling price of our SoCs for portable media players in 2006 compared to 2005. The decline in average selling price was primarily the result of aggressive pricing strategies employed by other SoC designers and our strategy to reduce prices on certain products from time to time in order to increase our sales volume and market share. Our average selling price was also affected by our eight series products reaching maturity during 2006, which resulted in lower prices than in earlier periods, and reduced prices for our mature five series products. Sales of our more advanced nine series products helped to partially offset reduced prices in our eight and five series products.
Revenues from the sale of energy metering SoCs comprised of 1.2% and 0.7% of our total revenues in 2005 and 2006, respectively. We licensed our technology in energy metering SoCs to our affiliate Hi-Trend Investment Holding Co., Ltd. and discontinued manufacturing these products in May 2006.
Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues increased by US$15.3 million, or 25.2%, from US$60.6 million in 2005 to US$75.9 million in 2006, due primarily to an increase in units shipped of our SoC products. Such increase resulted in an increase in the cost of products shipped and an increase in the associated cost to support shipment of the increased units, including increased wafer prices, and external testing and packaging costs. Offsetting these increases was a decrease in licensing fees paid due to a change in product mix and because some of our customers chose to purchase our solutions excluding the compression software, in which case we do not pay royalties on these products.
Gross Profit. As a result of the increase in sales of our SoC products, our gross profit increased by US$5.3 million, or 6.0%, from US$89.0 million in 2005 to US$94.3 million in 2006. Our gross profit margin was 59.6% in 2005, compared to 55.4% in 2006.
Other Operating Income. Other operating income increased by US$0.5 million, or 45.5%, from US$1.1 million in 2005 to US$1.6 million in 2006. In 2006, we recognized a US$0.5 million license fee and a US$0.7 million royalty payment from licensing our technology in the energy metering SoCs to our affiliate Hi-Trend Investment Holding Co., Ltd. In 2005, we recognized income of US$620,000 from the grant of rights to use indefinitely our proprietary technology in SoCs for remote control toy cars to a third-party after we discontinued sales of this type of SoC.
Operating Expenses. Total operating expenses increased by US$1.9 million, or 10.4%, from US$18.2 million in 2005 to US$20.1 million in 2006.
| • | Research and development. Research and development expenses increased by US$2.0 million, or 25.6%, from US$7.8 million in 2005 to US$9.8 million in 2006, due primarily to an increase in the number of our research and development personnel, depreciation related to the purchase of additional equipment and costs associated with new research and development projects. |
| • | General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased by US$0.3 million, or 3.3%, from US$9.0 million in 2005 to US$8.7 million in 2006, due primarily to a significant decrease of US$3.6 million in litigation expenses in connection with our intellectual property dispute with SigmaTel from US$4.9 million in 2005 to US$1.3 million in 2006. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in professional services fees in connection with the ongoing improvement of our internal controls of approximately US$0.9 million, an increase in expenses incurred with respect to directors and officers insurance we procured for our management team and legal expenses in connection with our business expansion in Europe. |
| • | Selling and marketing expenses. Selling and marketing expenses increased by US$0.2 million, or 14.3%, from US$1.4 million in 2005 to US$1.6 million in 2006, due primarily to commission payments to our overseas sales agents. |
Income from Operations. As a result of the foregoing, our income from operations increased by US$3.9 million, or 5.4%, from US$72.0 million in 2005 to US$75.9 million in 2006.
Interest Income. The amount of our cash, cash equivalents and time deposits was US$183.5 million as of December 31, 2006. As we had generally higher levels of cash and time deposits in 2006 than 2005, our interest income increased by US$3.8 million, or 345.5%, from US$1.1 million in 2005 to US$4.9 million in 2006.
B. Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table sets forth the summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | (thousands) | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | US$ | 77,140 | | US$ | 76,774 | | US$ | 46,607 | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (28,567 | ) | | (48,188 | ) | | (111,147 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | 27,128 | | | (1,917 | ) | | (4,202 | ) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | | | 1,182 | | | 2,213 | | | 3,018 | |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | | | 76,883 | | | 28,882 | | | (65,724 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | | | 32,013 | | | 108,896 | | | 137,778 | |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | | US$ | 108,896 | | US$ | 137,778 | | US$ | 72,054 | |
On December 31, 2007, we had US$241.8 million of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, time deposits and marketable securities. We began to generate significant cash flow from operations beginning in the second half of 2004. As a result of our initial public offering in November 2005, we generated additional cash in the amount of US$44.6 million. In the future, we anticipate that our primary sources of liquidity will be cash provided by operations, and the proceeds of capital markets transactions, if any.
Operating Activities
In 2007, net cash provided by operating activities amounted to US$46.6 million. We generated net income during this period of US$52.2 million. We recorded a decrease in accounts payable of US$4.0 million due to less purchase near the end of 2007, a decrease in income tax payable of US$1.6 million due to less taxable income, and decrease of accrued expenses and other current liabilities of US$3.8 million mainly due to the foreign exhange gain, an increase in inventory of US$5.6 million due to slower sales than expected, and an increase in accounts receivable of US$0.2 million, which was partially offset by the depreciation and amortization of US$1.6 million, the amortization of acquired intangible assets of US$2.3 million, a decrease in notes receivable of US$1.8 million, and a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of US$4.3 million due to more VAT refund received in 2007.
In 2006, net cash provided by operating activities amounted to US$76.8 million. We generated net income during this period of US$74.6 million. We recorded an increase in accounts payable of US$2.2 million, an increase in income tax payable of US$2.3 million, an increase in depreciation and amortization of US$2.0 million, and a decrease in accounts receivable of US$2.2 million, which was partially offset by a decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of US$2.7 million relating to unpaid legal fees and accrued bonuses, and an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of US$4.0 million.
In 2005, net cash provided by operating activities amounted to US$77.1 million. We generated net income in 2005 of US$73.6 million. We recorded an increase in accrued expenses and other current liabilities of US$7.3 million relating to unpaid legal fees and accrued bonuses and an increase in accounts payable of US$3.2 million, which was partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable of US$4.5 million and an increase in inventory level of US$2.0 million. During the first quarter of 2004 we instituted an inventory management policy to maintain inventory levels equivalent to no more than 30 to 40 days of sales. In connection with this policy, our inventory balances increased together with our increased sales volume. Our inventories increased further throughout 2005 as a result of these efforts.
Investing Activities
In 2007, net cash used in investing activities was US$111.2 million. We recorded an increase in marketable securities of US$141.1 million, an increase in other investments of US$6.1 million, an increase in purchase of intangible assets of US$4.2 million, an increase in purchase of equipments of US$2.6 million, and an increase of US$1.6 million in restricted cash, reflecting a time deposit placed into an account with the Agriculture Bank of China as collateral for the net short-term loan. This is offset by a decrease in time deposits with maturities between three and six months, which provided cash amounted to US$44.4 million for our activities.
The increase in marketable securities in 2007 is mainly structured deposits and trust financial products issued by the PRC commercial banks and financial institution with maturities between three and twelve months. In addition, the increase in other investment in 2007 consist of strategic investments of US$2.3 million in Mavrix Technology Inc., a fabless semiconductor company developing SoC solutions for the emerging Mobile Digital TV market, and long-term financial investments of US$ 2.8 million in AMC Holdings Limited, US$1.0 million in Bizlink Holdings Inc., and US$0.1 million in Unitech Electronics Co., Ltd.
Net cash used in investing activities was US$48.2 million in 2006, Net cash used in investing activities in 2006 consisted principally of an increase of US$21.5 million in time deposits, an increase of US$20.5 million in marketable securities, which reflects a short-term interest rate contract linked to the Yen-Dollar exchange rate with Citibank, amounting to US$2.6 million, and structured deposits in the amount of US$17.9 million at Bank of Communications.
Net cash used in investing activities was US$28.6 million in 2005 consisted principally of an increase in time deposits, with maturity terms of greater than three months but less than one year, in the amount of US$23.2 million, and an increase in restricted cash in the amount of US$2.5 million, reflecting a time deposit placed into an account with the Agriculture Bank of China as collateral for the net short-term working-capital loan in the amount of US$2.4 million.
In addition, on July 15, 2005, we purchased 400,000 shares, representing 8% of the share capital, of Hi- Trend Investment Holding Co., Ltd., an international business company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands for US$500,000, which has been accounted for as a cost method investment. We increased our investment to 18% of the share capital by purchasing an additional 500,000 shares in March 2006 for US$1.1 million.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was US$4.2 million in 2007, consist of increase in short term bank loans of US$1.4 million and payment for the repurchase of ADSs pursuant to our shares repurchase program in the amount of US$6.7 million.
Net cash used in financing activities was US$1.9 million in 2006, consisting principally of a short-term loan in the amount of US$5.3 million, which was more than offset by repayment of short-term bank loans in the amount of $7.7 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities was US$27.1 million in 2005, principally from the issue of shares in our initial public offering in the amount of US$44.6 million, which was partially offset by a special dividend declared by our subsidiary Actions Semiconductor (Mauritius) in June 2005 in the amount of US$20 million, which was paid in July 2005. In addition, net cash from financing activities included US$2.4 million short-term loan from the Agriculture Bank of China.
As of December 31, 2007, we have a short-term bank loan in the amount of approximately US$1.5 million.
Capital Expenditures
We have historically financed our capital expenditures, consisting principally of wafer and final product testing equipment, engineering tools, software and other intangible assets, as well as long-term investments, with cash contributions from our shareholder and starting from the second half of 2004 with cash flows from operations. We made capital expenditures of US$3.6 million, US$8.8 million and US$12.9 million in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. In 2007 we made capital expenditures of US$12.9 million consisting principally of US$2.6 million for the purchase of property, plant and equipment, US$4.2 million for the acquisition of intangible assets, and US$6.1 million for long-term equity investments.
We plan to construct new corporate headquarters in Zhuhai in response to our anticipated growth, and may also establish offices in other cities in China, such as Shanghai, to better serve our existing and future customers in those areas. We anticipate continuing to invest in improving and upgrading our technology infrastructure, including acquiring additional engineering tools, software and other intangible assets. We also plan to continue to invest in additional testing equipment to expand our internal testing capacity, or make long-term investments in companies or technologies consistent with our business objectives. Accordingly, we expect to make additional capital expenditures totaling approximately US$26.3 million in 2008 and 2009 in connection with such efforts.
Capital Requirements
Our capital requirements depend on numerous factors, including:
| • | market acceptance of our products; |
| • | our expenditures on our planned new headquarters in Zhuhai; |
| • | our expenditures on research and development activities; |
| • | our expenditures on workstations, testing equipment, licenses and royalty payments and electronic design automation tools; |
| • | the resources we devote to marketing, selling and supporting our products; |
| • | the payment terms we negotiate with our customers; |
| • | market prices for our products; and |
| • | other working capital requirements. |
We expect to devote substantial capital resources to support our research and development efforts, hire and expand our sales and marketing resources, and for other corporate activities. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, cash flow from operations, bank loans and the proceeds from the sale of our equity securities will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs, including our cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures, for at least the next 12 months, and do not anticipate that we will require additional bank loans or proceeds from equity offerings during such period. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changing business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue.
Restricted Net Assets
Relevant PRC laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by our PRC subsidiaries only out of its retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC regulations and accounting standards. For example, our principle subsidiaries, Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) and Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen), as wholly foreign owned enterprises, are required to set aside at least 10% (up to an aggregate amount equal to half of its registered capital) of its after-tax profits each year as a statuary reserve fund and to provide for a staff and workers’ bonus fund at the discretion of its board of directors. Retained earnings calculated under PRC regulations and accounting standards may differ from retained earnings calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. As a result of these and other restrictions under PRC laws and regulations, Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) and Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen) are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to us in the form of dividends, loans or advances, which restricted portion amounted to approximately US$3.9 million, or 3.0%, and US$5.2 million, or 2.5% of our total consolidated net assets, as of December 31, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
As of December 31, 2007, the restricted net assts associated with the statutory reserves of Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) and Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen) totaled approximately US$9.4 million, or 3.6% of our total consolidated net assets. In addition to those reserves, the registered capital of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries are also restricted. In December 2007, Actions Semiconductor (Mauritius) re-invested the undistributed earnings of approximately US$80.2 million, or 30.9% of our total consolidated net assets from our subsidiary Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) back into Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) by way of a capital injection. As of December 31, 2007, the total amount of the registered capital and reserves amounted to US$106.4 million, or 41.0% of our total consolidated net assets as of December 31, 2007.
Taxation
We are a tax exempted company incorporated in Cayman Islands and are not subject to taxation under the current Cayman Islands law. Our net income is primarily derived from Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) and Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen). Prior to January 1, 2008, foreign invested enterprises in the PRC are generally subject to a 30% Foreign Enterprise Income Tax, or FEIT, and a 3% local income tax. However, Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) was established in the Zhuhai Special Economic Zone of China as a foreign invested enterprise and principally conducts its business operations in this zone. And Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen) was established in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone of China as a foreign investment enterprise and principally conducts its business operations in that zone. Therefore, each of them was subject to the reduced FEIT rate of 15% and was exempt from FEIT for its first two years of profitable operations after offsetting prior years’ tax losses, and will be entitled to a 50% reduction in its FEIT for the following three years as approved by the tax authorities in accordance with the China Income Tax Law for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises and its Implementation Rules issued in 1991. According to the Rules on Exemption or Reduction of Local Income Tax for Foreign Investment Enterprises promulgated by People’s Government of Guangdong Province effective on January 1, 1992, during such five-year preferential tax treatment period, Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) and Artek Microelectronic (Shenzhen) are also exempt from the 3% local income tax.
As a result of such preferential tax treatment, Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) was exempt from FEIT in the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, which were the first two years Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) achieved profitable operations after offsetting prior years’ tax losses. Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) also benefited from a 50% reduction in FEIT, which were 7.5% during each of the years ending December 31, 2006 and 2007 and expects to benefit from a 50% reduction in Enterprise Income Tax, or EIT, for the year ended December 31, 2008. Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen) was exempt from FEIT in the year ended December 31, 2007, which was the first year Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen) achieved profitable operations after offsetting prior years’ tax losses and expects to be exempted from EIT in the year ended December 31, 2008, which would be the second year after it achieved profitable operation after offsetting prior years’ tax losses. Furthermore, Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen) expects it could continue to benefit from a 50% reduction of EIT rate, during each of three years ending December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011.
On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress passed a new Enterprise Income Tax Law. The new PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, effective January 1, 2008, imposes a single uniform EIT rate of 25% for most foreign-invested enterprises while permitting certain certified high technology companies may be taxed at a reduced tax rate of 15%. The new PRC Enterprise Income Tax law also contemplates various transition periods and measures for existing preferential tax policies, including among others, a grace period for as long as five years for foreign-invested enterprises which are currently entitled to a lower income tax rate, and continued implementation of preferential tax treatment with a fixed term until the expiration of such fixed term. Under the grace period the enterprises that were granted the preferential tax treatment may adjust its tax rate into 25% gradually within the next five years at the rate of 18%, 20%, 22%, 24% and 25% from 2008 to 2012, respectively.
Under this formulation, Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) expects to enjoy an income tax rate of 9% for the year ended December 31, 2008, which will be the last year of its preferential tax treatment where it may benefit from a 50% reduction of EIT. Further, Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) was certified as a “High-Tech Enterprise” in 2006 and may be able to benefit from the reduced tax rate of 15% starting from the fiscal year of 2009, if it can continue to obtain the “Hi-Tech Enterprise” certification every two year since 2006.
Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen) was exempt from FEIT in the year ended December 31, 2007, which was the first year Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen) achieved profitable operations after offsetting prior years’ tax losses, and expects to be exempted from EIT in the year ended December 31, 2008, which is the second year after it achieved profitable operation after offsetting prior years’ tax losses. From 2009 to 2011, Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen) expects to benefit from a 50% reduction of EIT, as a result of which its applicable income tax rate could be 10%, 11% and 12% for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. Further, Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen) was certified as a “Hi-Tech Enterprise” in 2007. If Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen) can continue to obtain its Hi-Tech Enterprise certification every two year since 2007, it may be able to benefit from the reduced rate of 15% starting from the year 2012.
In December 2007, we received a tax refund of US$5.9 million from the Zhuhai Municipal Bureau of Tax. This refund was received as Actions Semiconductor (Mauritius) reinvested the undistributed earnings of approximately US$80.2 million back into Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai).
Pursuant to the Interim Regulations on Value-added Tax and its Implementation Rules issued in 1993, all entities and individuals that are engaged in the sale of goods, the provision of repairs and replacement services and the importation of goods in China are generally required to pay value-added tax, or VAT, at a rate of 17% of the gross sales proceeds received. We received a full rebate of the VAT on most of our export sales since the establishment of Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) through December 31, 2003. Due to changes in PRC regulations, from January 1, 2004 through October 31, 2004 we received a rebate of approximately 76% of our VAT payments. Beginning November 1, 2004 we resumed receiving a full rebate on our VAT payments. As most of our sales consist of exports, historically we have not incurred significant VAT expense.
We have historically had minimal taxable income in jurisdictions other than China.
Reconciliation between the benefits for FEIT computed by applying the China tax rate to loss before income taxes is as follows:
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Tax provision at reduced PRC enterprise income tax rate of 15% | | $ | 10,959 | | $ | 12,091 | | $ | 8,101 | |
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes | | | 745 | | | 477 | | | 764 | |
Income not taxable for tax purposes | | | (77 | ) | | (519 | ) | | (2,393 | ) |
Deferred tax assets not recognized | | | 44 | | | 233 | | | 134 | |
Effect of tax exemption and preferential income tax rate granted to a PRC subsidiary | | | (12,165 | ) | | (6,206 | ) | | (4,284 | ) |
Effect of the different income tax rate in other jurisdiction | | | (3 | ) | | (111 | ) | | (121 | ) |
Over provision of taxation | | | (10 | ) | | — | | | — | |
Other | | | (19 | ) | | 19 | | | 1 | |
| | $ | (526 | ) | | 5,984 | | | 2,202 | |
C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
Research and Development
We devote a substantial portion of our resources to the development of our SoCs and our ability to provide SDKs and reference designs. We make continuous investment in our design technologies to improve design, fabrication and verification of our products. As of December 31, 2007, we had 348 research and development engineers who work closely with value-added distributors, contract manufacturers and brand owners in adding new features and functions to our existing products or developing new products.
Our mixed-signal integration expertise enables us to reduce the size and cost of our SoC products. For example, we incorporate standard digital components in these products, including a processor, embedded memory, certain peripheral connections such as a universal serial bus, or USB, interface, and analog components, such as analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters and audio signal amplifiers. Because we are able to integrate several analog and digital components on the same integrated circuit, our customers can avoid significant design challenges when they use our SoCs.
Our research and development efforts during 2006 and 2007 focused principally on increasing the solutions and applications of our nine series and thirteen series products to enhance their appeal to our customers, and on the development and production of our newest eleven series products. In addition to pursuing these efforts, we are currently focusing our research and development efforts on gaining know-how and intellectual property in the areas of advanced audio and video technology. Our continuing goal for our research and development efforts is to develop and integrate increasing functionality into our SoCs and integrated platform solutions products while maintaining our competitive pricing structure.
Providing additional features to our SoCs requires us to develop greater technological expertise and will also require us to continue to migrate to smaller process geometry technologies. We cannot be certain that we will be able to design SoCs incorporating advanced video and audio features ahead of our competitors, or that the SoCs we develop will be accepted by our target customers.
We have a stable core team of engineers that have detailed knowledge of our proprietary architecture, algorithms, integrated circuit designs, firmware and software engineering, as well as system-level knowledge of our customer’s manufacturing processes. Our ability to adapt to changing customer requirements and evolving industry standards through the development of new and enhanced products is a significant factor in maintaining our competitive position and our prospects for growth.
We spent US$7.8 million in 2005, US$9.8 million in 2006 and US$12.4 million in 2007 on research and development, which represented 5.2%, 5.8% and 10.6%, respectively, of our revenues in those respective periods.
Intellectual Property
As of December 31, 2007, we hold 15 issued patents and have 52 patent applications pending in China. We also have 12 proprietary rights granted for layout-design of integrated circuits in China. In addition, we hold seven registered trademarks and 34 trademark applications pending in China. Outside of China, we also hold four registered trademarks in Hong Kong, one registered trademark in the United States, one registered trademark in the European Union and two registered trademarks in Taiwan. We also have 36 trademark applications pending in Hong Kong, Taiwan, the United States, European Union, Russia, Korea, Japan, Canada, Brazil, India and Singapore, respectively.
Although we file patents to protect our inventions, our revenue is not dependent on any particular patent. We do not believe the expiration or loss of any particular patent would materially harm our business. We do not know if our patent applications or any future patent application will result in a patent being issued with the scope of the protection we seek, if at all, or whether any patents we may receive will be challenged, invalidated or declared unenforceable. We intend to continue to assess appropriate occasions for seeking patent protection for those aspects of our technology that we believe provide significant competitive advantages.
We have established an IPR department which serves for patent application, trademark registration, IC layout design, software copyright registration, and related legal affairs. As of December 31, 2007, we had nine in house intellectual property lawyers who work closely with all departments including marketing, research and development and have extensive connection with external law firms and IP offices.
Our products are designed for use in devices manufactured by our customers that comply with international standards. These international standards are often covered by patents or copyrights held by third-parties, We have entered into various licensing agreements with major technology companies, including MIPS, Microsoft, Thomson, SRS, Samsung, CSR and Real Networks. We integrate third-party software or other licensed technology into almost all of our products.
From time to time, we may be required to license additional technology from third-parties to develop new products or product enhancements. Third-party licenses may not continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Our inability to maintain any third-party licenses required in our current products, or obtain third-party licenses necessary to develop new products and product enhancements, could require us to obtain substitute technology at greater cost or of lower quality or performance standards.
Actions Semiconductor and the Actions Semiconductor logo are our registered trademarks. These trademarks remain valid while we continue to use and renew them.
Third-parties could infringe or misappropriate our patents, copyrights, trademarks and other proprietary rights. In addition, other parties may assert infringement claims against us or our customers. Although we do not believe our platforms infringe any patents, our platforms may be found to infringe one or more issued patents. In addition, because many pending patent applications in China, the United States and elsewhere are not publicly disclosed by the relevant patent and trademark offices until the application is published, there may be applications that relate to our platforms of which we have no knowledge.
We have settled all outstanding litigation worldwide with SigmaTel, Inc. Pursuant to the final settlement agreement entered on June 20, 2007, all outstanding claims and counterclaims in the lawsuits in which the two companies have been engaged had been dismissed with prejudice. Both companies also agreed to not pursue possible third party IP infringements or new legal actions against each other and their respective customers for three years. Additionally, Actions and SigmaTel entered into a comprehensive cross-license agreement covering patents owned or controlled by either party or its subsidiaries.
We may be subject to other legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of our business, including claims of alleged infringement of the trademarks and other intellectual property rights of third-parties. We may also be required to resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and time-consuming and could divert management’s attention away from running our business. Intellectual property litigation could also require us to pay substantial damages to the party claiming infringement, stop selling products or using technology that contains the allegedly infringing intellectual property, develop non-infringing technology or enter into royalty or license agreements. These royalty or license agreements, if required, may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all, in the event of a successful claim of infringement.
D. Trend Information
Demand for portable media players. Throughout 2004 and 2005, a combination of factors, including a decrease in the price of portable media players caused by a significant decrease in the price of flash memory, which is a major cost component of many portable media players, and the growing acceptance of digital media distribution channels on the Internet such as Apple iTunes, Yahoo, MusicMatch and Napster, resulted in rapid growth in demand for portable media players. Because we supply SoCs for use in portable media players, we benefited greatly from the increased demand, and our revenues and profitability grew rapidly during this period. Further, we expect the growth in emerging markets, including China, India, Russia, and Brazil, will outpace the growth of the overall market for portable media players. However, while we anticipate future growth, it is unlikely that we will experience growth in revenues and profitability on a percentage basis comparable to what we experienced during 2004 and 2005 when consumer demand for portable media players began to increase rapidly. Accordingly, you should not rely on the results of any prior quarterly or annual periods as an indication of our future operating performance.
Average selling price of our products. The portable media player market has been characterized by rapidly changing technical standards and consumer preferences. Consumers generally expect that new product releases will have more capabilities than previous generations. To succeed in this intensely competitive and quickly evolving market, brand owners must constantly and rapidly introduce portable media players with more functions and enhanced features. As an SoC and integrated platform solutions provider for these brand owners, we typically introduce a new product series every nine to 12 months, and introduce new SoC products within a series with increased functionality and enhanced features more frequently.
The average selling price of any particular SoC product declines over time after it reaches maturity in the product life cycle. In general, we earn higher margins when a new SoC model is first introduced to the market and experience a corresponding decline in margins as its average selling price declines. However, we typically are able to partially offset the decline in the average selling price of a particular SoC, and mitigate the decline in our margins, through progressively increasing our yields during the product’s life. For example, we experienced a significant increase in shipments of our eight series SoCs commencing in the fourth quarter of 2004, and the eight series was one of our principal product lines in 2006. However, over a two years period from the fourth quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2006, the average selling price of our eight series SoCs decreased by approximately 48.1%. We introduced our nine series SoCs in the third quarter of 2005, which provide more functionality than our earlier series SoCs and are sold at higher prices. From the third quarter of 2005 to the fourth quarter of 2007, we have also experienced an approximately 59% decrease in the average selling price in our nine series SoCs. While our overall average selling prices generally benefit from the introduction of new SoC products, this benefit may be partially offset by pricing strategies we employ. For example, we may, from time to time, seek to take advantage of market opportunities by reducing our prices for certain SoC products in order to increase our sales volume and market share.
We seek to achieve revenue growth and margin stability through increasing our share of the total volume of units shipped by offering products with high functionality and competitive pricing; continuously integrating additional functionality to improve the value of our products; and reducing costs by achieving smaller die size, greater integration and migration to more advanced process technologies. In the event that we are not able to timely introduce new products, the average selling price of our products will decline and we may not be able to offset such decline by realizing additional production efficiencies.
Seasonality of the demand for our products. Like sales for most consumer electronics products, portable media player sales tend to increase significantly in the fourth quarter to meet the year-end holiday demand. As a result, orders for our SoCs generally increase in the third and forth quarters of each year and decrease in the first quarter. For example, our revenues decreased by US$19.2 million, or 38.8%, from US$49.5 million in the three months ended December 31, 2006 to US$30.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2007, principally due to a 30.9% decrease in units shipped. Our revenues increased by US$5.3 million, or 19.6%, from US$27.0 million in the three months ended September 31, 2007 to US$32.3 million in the three months ended December 31, 2007, principally due to a 23.7% increase in units shipped. As the rate of growth in our sales declines, we expect seasonality to have a more pronounced effect on our sales and cause our quarterly results to fluctuate significantly in future periods.
Foundry capacity and wafer pricing. To maximize our unit sales and profits, we must secure committed foundry capacity that is adequate to produce all of the SoCs that we can sell to our customers at prices that enable us to maintain or increase our profit margins. Wafer pricing is affected by the volume of our purchases and overall market demand, and tends to be cyclical. Because contract foundries have fixed capacities, in times of strong market demand, the prices that contract foundries charge for their wafer products and services generally increase, and correspondingly in times of lesser market demand, the prices that contract foundries charge for their wafer products and services may decrease. As a result, if the overall demand for electronics products is high, contract foundries that manufacture wafer products for electronics products may increase the prices that they charge to their customers, including our company. While our increased sales volume has helped us to negotiate better pricing terms and secure committed capacity with our foundries, we are still subject to seasonal and other factors affecting foundry capacity and pricing that are beyond our control.
Presently, He Jian manufactures almost all of our semiconductors. We also maintain relationships with other foundries to help ensure that we have alternative manufacturing capabilities if He Jian fails to achieve satisfactory yields or is unable to meet our requirements. However, there are many purchasers of foundry products and services that are larger than us, and our ability to source adequate foundry services could be affected by significant increases in demand for electronics products.
E. Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any outstanding derivative financial instruments, off-balance sheet guarantees, interest rate swap transactions or foreign currency forward contracts as of December 31, 2007.
F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
The following sets forth information regarding our aggregate payment obligations under our contracts and commercial commitments as of December 31, 2007:
| | Payments due by period | |
Contractual obligations | | Total | | Less than 1 year | | 1-3 years | | 3-5 years | | After 5 years | |
| | (thousands) | |
Operating lease obligations | | US$ | 767 | | US$ | 546 | | US$ | 221 | | | — | | | — | |
Royalty Commitment | | | 150 | | | 150 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Purchase Obligations | | | 7,463 | | | 7,463 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Capital Commitment | | | 572 | | | 572 | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
Other Liabilities | | | 1,570 | | | 884 | | | 686 | | | — | | | — | |
Total contractual obligations | | US$ | 10,522 | | US$ | 9,615 | | US$ | 907 | | | — | | | — | |
ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. Directors and Senior Management
Directors, Executive Officers and Key Employees
The following table sets forth our executive officers, directors and key employees, their ages as of December 31, 2007 and the positions held by them. The business address for each of our executive officers and directors is c/o Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd., 15-1, No. 1, HIT Road, Tangjia, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519085, the People’s Republic of China.
Name | | Age | | Position |
Lee, Hsiang-Wei (David) | | 48 | | Director, Chairman of the Board |
Kang, Byung-Jin (Peter) | | 58 | | Director, Chairman of the Board(2) |
Chiu, Tzu-Yin(1) | | 52 | | Director |
Tien, Hui-Dong (Terry) | | 49 | | Director(2) |
Lin, Yu-Hsin Casper(1) | | 61 | | Director |
Hsiao, Paul(1) | | 36 | | Director |
Chen, Chin-Hsin (Fred) | | 65 | | Director |
Yeh, Nan-Horng | | 49 | | Director and Chief Executive Officer |
Li, Shao Chuan (Shawn) | | 40 | | Director and Chief Technology Officer |
Chou, Pei-Fen (Patricia) | | 40 | | Chief Financial Officer |
(1) | Member of each of the audit committee, compensation committee and nominations committee. |
(2) | Mr. Kang and Mr. Tien resigned from our board of directors in October 2007. |
Lee, Hsiang-Wei (David) has served as our Chairman since October 2007. Previously, Mr. Lee served as our Chief Financial Officer since August 2005. Mr. Lee also currently serves as the director of Pacific Sun Investment Management Co., Ltd. Previously, Mr. Lee was the CEO of ABN AMRO Asset Management (China). From 1995 to 2002 he was the Chairman and CEO of ABN AMRO Asset Management’s Taiwan operations where he managed assets in the amount of US$3.5 billion. Mr. Lee has more than 15 years of experience in corporate finance and investment management. Mr. Lee holds a Master of Business Administration degree from Duke University and a Bachelor of Science degree in biometrics from National Taiwan University.
Kang, Byung-Jin (Peter) has served as our Chairman since September 2005. Mr. Kang has been the President of Namyoung Corporation of Korea since February 1987. Namyoung Corporation is the business agent for various integrated circuit design companies, including UMC, Realtek, Princeton Technology, Holtek Semiconductor and Inter Action Corporation. Mr. Kang holds a Bachelor of Business Economics degree from the International Trade Department of Hong-Ik University in Korea. Mr. Kang resigned from our board of directors in October 2007
Chiu, Tzu-Yin has served as one of our directors since September 2005. Mr. Chiu also currently serves as the President and Chief Operating Officer of SilTerra Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. since January 2007. Previously, Mr. Chiu served as a senior vice president and the Chief Operating Officer of Huahong International Corporation until December 2006, as a senior vice president of operations in Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation, a major foundry in China from January 2001 until July 2005, and as a fab director for Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company from 1996 to 2001. Mr. Chiu holds a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from University of California at Berkeley and an EMBA from Columbia University.
Tien, Hui-Dong (Terry) has served as one of our directors since August 2005. Mr. Tien is also currently the general manager of each of Shanghai Sino-Century Assets Management Co., Ltd., an asset management company permitted to conduct high-tech investment activities in China. He is also a partner of Sino-Century Capital and Development Ltd., which is a Hong Kong based investment management company. Mr. Tien holds a Master in Business Administration degree from the New York University Graduate School of Business Administration and a Bachelor of Science degree in management from National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan. Mr. Tien resigned from our board of directors in October 2007.
Lin, Yu-Hsin Casper has served as one of our directors since August 2005. Mr. Lin also currently serves as the chairman and director of Memory Devices Co., Ltd., a memory module manufacturer. Previously, Mr. Lin was a director of Twinmos Tech. Inc., a network module manufacturer, and a director and the chief financial officer of United Microelectronics, a semiconductor wafer manufacturer. Mr. Lin holds a Master in Business Administration degree from Bloomsbury University of Pennsylvania and a Bachelor of Art degree from the accounting department of Soochow University in Taiwan.
Hsiao, Paul has served as one of our directors since October 2005. Paul is a partner at New Enterprise Associates (NEA), a venture capital firm with $8 billion under management. Paul has been involved with numerous NEA semiconductor investments, including Spreadtrum Communications, a multimedia cellular semiconductor company, Atheros Communications, a wireless semiconductor company, and Luminary Micro, a fabless semiconductor company. Paul holds a Master of Business Administration degree from Harvard Business School and a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Chen, Chin-Hsin (Fred) has served as one of our directors since October 2007. Mr. Chen also currently serves as the Director of the OLED Laboratory, Display Institute, National Chiao Tung University in Hsinchu, Taiwan and Director of the Centre for Advanced Luminescence Materials (CALM) at Hong Kong Baptist University. Previously Mr. Chen was a group leader and senior scientist at the Display Technology Laboratory of Eastman Kodak Co., in Rochester, New York, USA. Mr. Chen is the co-inventor of the key Doped OLED Guest-Host Emitter Technology and has been awarded more than 35 U.S. patents.
Yeh, Nan-Horng has served as our Chief Executive Officer since May 2005 and as one of our directors since October 2007. Previously, Mr. Yeh served as a director and vice president of Realtek Semiconductor Corp. He also served as a director and the president of each of Globaltec Management Consulting Corp. and Globaltec Technology Partner I Venture Capital Corp. Mr. Yeh holds a Master in Business Administration degree from Washington University in St. Louis and a Bachelor of Science degree in transportation management from National Chiao Tung University in Taiwan.
Li, Shao Chuan (Shawn) has served as one of our directors since September 2005 and as our Chief Technology Officer since the establishment of our operations in December 2001. Before joining us, Mr. Li was the director of research and development at Zhuhai Arestek Electronic Co., Ltd. Mr. Li holds a Master of Science degree in electrical engineering from Beijing Institute of Technology.
Chou, Pei-Fen (Patricia) has served as our Chief Financial Officer since October 2007. Previously Ms. Chou was the Vice President of Finance at Actions. Prior to joining Actions in November 2006, Ms. Chou served as the Director of Business Development and then Senior Director of Accounting at Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC), where she was responsible for establishing a U.S. presence, developing new business initiatives, and leading the company’s global accounting team. She also participated in raising US$650 million in private funds and SMIC’s US$1.6 billion NYSE-listed IPO. From 1996 to 2001, Patricia was the Director of Accounting and Planning of Winbond Electronics Corporation U.S. operation. Prior to that, Chou worked as a financial auditor in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the United States with Deloitte. Ms. Chou received a Bachelor of Business Administration from National Taiwan University, Master of Accounting from University of Southern California, and Master of Business Administration from University of California at Berkeley. She is also a Certified Public Accountant in Taiwan, the United States, and China.
B. Compensation
Cash Compensation
Our directors and senior management receive compensation in the form of salaries and annual bonuses. While we do not have a specific bonus plan setting the calculation of our annual bonuses, each director is entitled to receive an annual discretionary bonus of such amount as shall be determined by the board of directors. Additionally, our senior management and employees are entitled to receive an annual discretionary bonus based on their individual performance and our financial performance during the year in question.
The aggregate amount of salaries and bonuses paid by us to our directors and executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2007 was approximately US$1.4 million. None of our directors or executive officers has any employment or service contracts with us providing for benefits upon termination of employment.
Indemnification
Cayman Islands law and our articles of association provide that we may indemnify our directors and officers acting in relation to any of our affairs against any liability incurred as a result of any act or failure to act in carrying out their functions other than such liability (if any) that may be incurred by the willful neglect or default of any such persons. No such director or officer shall be liable to the company for any loss or damage in carrying out their functions unless that liability arises through the willful neglect or default of such person.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
2007 Equity Performance and Incentive Plan
In May, 2007, our board of directors and shareholders adopted a 2007 equity incentive plan, or the 2007 Plan, which is intended to attract and retain officers, employees, non-employee directors and consultants for us and our subsidiaries and to provide to such persons incentives to stay with us or our subsidiaries and make superior contributions to us in the future. We have reserved 8 million ADSs upon exercise of awards granted under the 2007 Plan. As of December 31, 2007, we have not yet granted any shares to our directors, executive officers or employees.
Types of Awards. We may grant the following types of awards under our 2007 Plan:
| • | Option rights to purchase our ADSs; |
| | Restricted shares, which are non-transferable ADSs, that may be subject to forfeiture; |
| | Restricted Shares Units, which represent the right to receive our ADSs at a specified date in the future, which may be subject to forfeiture; |
Plan Administration. Our board of directors, or our compensation committee (or its subcommittee) designated by our board or directors, will administer the 2007 Plan. A majority of the committee (or subcommittee) will constitute a quorum, and the action of the members of the committee (or subcommittee) present at any meeting at which a quorum is present, or acts unanimously approved in writing, will be the acts of the committee (or subcommittee).
The interpretation and construction by our board of directors of any provision of the 2007 Plan or of any agreement, notification or document evidencing the grant of option rights, restricted shares or restricted share units and any determination by the board of directors pursuant to any provision of the 2007 Plan or of any such agreement, notification or document will be final and conclusive. No member of our board of directors will be liable for any such action or determination made in good faith.
Amendment Our board of directors may at any time and from time to time amend the 2007 Plan in whole or in part; provided, however, that any amendment that must be approved by our shareholders in order to comply with applicable law or the rules of the NASDAQ Global Market or, if our ADSs are not quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market, the principal national securities exchange upon which our ordinary shares are traded or quoted, will not be effective unless and until such approval has been obtained. Nothing herein shall be construed to limit our authority to offer similar or dissimilar benefits under other plans or otherwise with or without further shareholder approval.
Our board of directors also may permit participants to elect to defer the issuance of ADSs or the settlement of awards in cash under the 2007 Plan pursuant to such rules, procedures or programs as it may establish for purposes of the 2007 Plan. Our board of directors also may provide that deferred issuances and settlements include the payment or crediting of dividend equivalents or interest on the deferral amounts.
Our board of directors may condition the grant of any award or combination of awards authorized under the 2007 Plan on the surrender or deferral by the participant of his or her right to receive a cash bonus or other compensation otherwise payable by us or one of our subsidiaries to the participant.
In case of termination of employment by reason of death, disability or normal or early retirement, or in the case of hardship or other special circumstances, of a participant who holds an option right not immediately exercisable in full, or any restricted shares as to which the risk of forfeiture or the prohibition or restriction on transfer has not lapsed, or any restricted share units as to which the restriction period has not been completed, or who holds shares subject to any transfer restriction imposed pursuant to the 2007 Plan, the board of directors may, in its sole discretion, accelerate the time at which such option right may be exercised or the time at which such risk of forfeiture or prohibition or restriction on transfer will lapse or the time when such restriction period will end or the time when such transfer restriction will terminate or may waive any other limitation or requirement under any such award.
Our 2007 Plan shall not confer upon any participant any right with respect to employment or other service with us or any of our subsidiary (including, without limitation, continuation of employment), nor shall it interfere in any way with any of our right or the right of any of our subsidiaries would otherwise have to terminate such participant’s employment or other service at any time, with or without cause. The terms of employment of an employee shall not be affected by the execution of the 2007 Plan. Awards granted under the 2007 Plan shall not form a part of the terms of employment of an employee or entitle such employee to take into account awards granted under the 2007 Plan when calculating any compensation or damages upon the termination of such employee’s employment for any reason.
Termination. No grant will be made under this 2007 Plan after January 1, 2020, but all grants made on or prior to such date will continue in effect thereafter subject to the terms thereof and of this Plan.
C. Board Practices
Our board of directors currently consists of seven members. Currently, three committees have been established under the board: the audit committee, the compensation committee and the nominations committee. Mr. Lin, Yu-Hsin Casper, Mr. Paul Hsiao and Mr. Chiu, Tzu-Yin serve as independent board members on our audit committee, nominations committee and compensation committee. There are no family relationships between any of our executive officers and directors.
The audit committee is responsible for overseeing the accounting and financial reporting processes of our company and audits of our financial statements, including the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of our independent auditors. Mr. Lin, Yu-Hsin Casper is the Chairman of the audit committee and a “financial expert” within the meaning of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
The compensation committee of the board of directors reviews and makes recommendations to the board regarding our compensation policies for our officers. Mr. Paul Hsiao is the Chairman of the compensation committee.
The nominations committee of the board of directors identifies individuals qualified to become members of the board, consistent with criteria approved by the board and selects or recommends that the board select, the director nominees for the next annual shareholders’ meeting and recommends members of the board to the board for committee membership. Mr. Chiu, Tzu-Yin is the Chairman of the nominations committee.
D. Employees
As of December 31, 2005 and 2006, we had 259 and 423 full-time employees, respectively. As of December 31, 2007, we had 568 full-time employees, including 348 dedicated engineers in the research and development department, 68 field application engineers in customer service department, 18 in sales and marketing, 96 in general and administration and 38 in manufacturing and logistics. Of these full-time employees, 445 are located in Zhuhai, China, 43 are located in Beijing, China, 72 are located in Shenzhen, China, 2 are located in Shanghai and 6 are located in Hong Kong. We have never had a work stoppage and none of our employees is covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We believe that relations with our employees are good.
E. Share ownership
The following table sets forth the share ownership by our directors and senior management as of April 21, 2008.
| | Ordinary shares owned | |
Name | | Number | | Percent | |
Starlink Development Limited(1) | | | 11,028,402 | | | 2.14 | % |
Surrey Glory Investments Limited(2) | | | 17,549,440 | | | 3.40 | % |
(1) | Starlink Development Limited is a British Virgin Islands international business company owned by two investors for investment purposes. Mr. Kang, Byung Jin, the former chairman of our board of directors, is its sole director and 94.4% owner. Mr. Kang resigned from our board of directors in October, 2007. |
(2) | Surrey Glory Investments Limited has six shareholders, Mr. Li, Shao Chuan (Shawn), one of our directors and Chief Technology Officer is a 11.9% owner. |
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A. Major Shareholders
According to the Schedule 13G jointly filed by Tetrad Ventures Pte Ltd., GIC Special Investments Pte Ltd., Government of Singapore Investment Corporation Pte Ltd. and Government of Singapore with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 16, 2008, they beneficially owned 5,142,801 ADSs, or approximately 6.0% of our outstanding shares, as of January 16, 2008. We do not have further information with respect to their ownership in us subsequent to their Schedule 13G filed on January 16, 2008.
According to the Schedule 13G jointly filed by Janus Capital Management LLC and Janus Overseas Fund with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 14, 2008, Janus Capital Management LLC may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of 10,028,989 ADSs, or approximately 11.7% of our outstanding shares, through its managed portfolio and Janus Overseas Fund beneficially owned 5,783,139 ADSs, or approximately 6.7% of our outstanding shares, as of February 14, 2008. We do not have further information with respect to their ownership in us subsequent to their Schedule 13G filed on February 14, 2008.
As of April 22, 2008, we do not have any other person known to us to own, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of our ordinary shares. We are not aware of any arrangement that may at a subsequent date result in a change of control of our company.
As of March 31, 2008, there was three registered holder of 42,213,513 of our American depositary shares in the United States, consisting of approximately 49.1% of our outstanding ordinary shares.
B. Related Party Transactions
During the years ended December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004, we received capital contributions of US$1.9 million, US$2.4 million and US$0.7 million, respectively, from Honorable Data, our sole shareholder during those periods.
Pursuant to a share purchase agreement entered into in August 2004 and amended in December 2004, Honorable Data, the sole registered shareholder of Actions Semiconductor (Mauritius) since its inception, transferred all of the shares it owned in Actions Semiconductor (Mauritius) for an aggregate purchase price of US$35,580,000 to 25 purchasers, consisting of companies owned by financial investors and four British Virgin Islands companies owned by our employees. Honorable Data was owned by a single shareholder who is not affiliated with any of our officers or directors. None of the companies owned by financial investors that purchased shares from Honorable Data are affiliates of our Company or have relationships with us other than their shareholdings. We believe that the price at which Honorable Data sold its shares was negotiated on an arm’s length bases between Honorable Data and the companies that purchased our shares. We did not receive any proceeds from that sale.
Certain of our employees formed British Virgin Islands companies for the sole purpose of making an investment in our Company. We did not advise our employees on the benefits, if any, of holding shares in us through BVI companies.
We were incorporated as an exempted company under the laws of the Cayman Islands on July 27, 2005 to hold the equity interests in Actions Semiconductor (Mauritius). In connection with our incorporation, the then 25 shareholders of Actions Semiconductor (Mauritius) transferred their respective interests representing the entire share capital of Actions Semiconductor (Mauritius) to us in consideration for 480 million newly-issued ordinary shares of our company. Following this transfer, we own 100% of the share capital of Actions Semiconductor (Mauritius) and the 25 shareholders, in aggregate, held 100% of our total outstanding shares including 8.09% of our total shares outstanding held by four British Virgin Islands companies on behalf of 47 of our employees.
Details of the ownership by our employees of our ordinary shares as of April 21, 2008 are provided in the following table:
Name of BVI Company | | Directors | | Shares Beneficially Owned | |
Surrey Glory Investments Limited(1) | | | Wang Yang, Yun-Ching | | | 17,549,440 | | | 3.40 | % |
Fairly Consultants Limited (2) | | | Wu, Zhang Liang | | | 10,415,167 | | | 2.02 | % |
Cheshire Red Investments Limited(3) | | | Zhu, Wen Ge | | | 9,507,237 | | | 1.84 | % |
Cumbria Universal Corporation Limited(4) | | | Cai, Jian Yu | | | 7,950,079 | | | 1.54 | % |
Paobridge Success Ventures Limited(5) | | | Wang, De Liang | | | 5,169,414 | | | 1.00 | % |
Fineway Group Limited(6) | | | Ding, Ran | | | 3,418,698 | | | 0.66 | % |
| | | | | | 54,010,035 | | | 10.46 | % |
(1) | Surrey Glory Investments Limited has six shareholders, two of whom are employees. |
(2) | Fairly Consultants Limited has twenty-four shareholders, twenty of whom are employees. |
(3) | Cheshire Red Investments Limited has thirty-eight shareholders, twenty-nine of whom are employees |
(4) | Cumbria Universal Corporation Limited has twenty-two shareholders, fifteen of whom are employees |
(5) | Paobridge Success Ventures Limited has twenty-five shareholders, fourteen of whom are employees |
(6) | Fineway Group Limited has sixteen shareholders, ten of whom are employees |
We have been notified by each of the entities named in the table above that its respective director has sole voting and investment power with respect to all of our ordinary shares shown as beneficially owned by it.
Sale of Our Shares
On September 2, 2005, certain of our shareholders entered into a share purchase agreement (the “Share Purchase Agreement”) for the sale and transfer of an aggregate of 115,113,930 of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares to 24 purchasers (the “Purchasers”) at a purchase price of US$0.833 per share, for an aggregate consideration of US$95,889,905. Among our shareholders that were parties to the Share Purchase Agreement was Starlink Development Limited, for which Mr. Kang, Byung Jin, the former chairman of our board of directors, is the sole director and majority shareholder. Starlink Development Limited sold 15,599,520 of our ordinary shares pursuant to the Share Purchase Agreement. We were also a party to the Share Purchase Agreement in order to make certain representations and warranties regarding the Company to the Purchasers. The transactions contemplated under the Share Purchase Agreement were completed on September 9, 2005 (the “Closing Date”).
Consultancy Services
During the year ended December 31, 2005 and 2006, we received consultancy services for intellectual property and legal affairs, product technology, product development and technology licensing and research and development from several individual shareholders for fees amounting to approximately US$600,000 and US$540,000, respectively.
Our Audit Committee has determined that these transactions were fair and reasonable to us and on terms comparable to those from unrelated third parties.
Transactions with DVI
Mr. Lee, Hsiang-Wei (David) our Chairman of board of directors and former Chief Financial Officer, was previously a shareholder and director of a customer, Digital Vision Incorporation Limited (“DVI”). As of December 31, 2006, Mr. Hsiang-Wei Lee had disposed of all his equity interest in DVI, which were acquired before becoming our Chief Financial Officer, and resigned as director of DVI.
Our Audit Committee has determined that our transactions with DVI were fair and reasonable to us and on terms comparable to those from unrelated third parties.
Transactions with Namyoung Corporation
Mr. Kang, Byung-Jin (Peter), our former chairman of the board of directors, is also the President of Namyoung Corporation, which provides agency service by introducing customers and providing technology support. As of December 31st, 2007, the commission fees paid to Namyoung Corporation amounted to US$159,000.
Our Audit Committee has determined that our transactions with Namyoung were fair and reasonable to us and on terms comparable to those from unrelated third parties.
Transactions with Hi-Trend
During the year ended December, 31, 2007, we recognized income of US$278,000 for granting of rights to use its proprietary technology in SoCs for power meters indefinitely to an affiliate, Hi-Trend Investment Holding Co., Ltd. Further, during the year ended December 31, 2007, we made sales to Hi-Trend amounting to US$308,000.
Our Audit Committee has determined that our transactions with Hi-Trend were fair and reasonable to us and on terms comparable to those from unrelated third parties.
Transactions with GMI Technology
During the year ended December 31, 2007, we sold products to GMI Technology amounting to US$13,694,000. The president of GMI Technology is the elder brother of Mr. Yeh, Nan-Horng, one of our directors and the CEO of our Company.
Our Audit Committee has determined that our transactions with GMI were fair and reasonable to us and on terms comparable to those from unrelated third parties.
C. Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
Financial Statements
Please see “Item 18. Financial Statements”. Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, no significant changes have occurred since the date of our annual financial statements.
Legal Proceedings
On January 4, 2005, one of our main competitors, SigmaTel, Inc., filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas, Austin Division against us alleging that some of our SoC designs infringed certain of SigmaTel’s U.S. patents, including U.S. patent numbers 6,633,187, or the 187 patent, and 6,366,522, or the 522 patent . Subsequently, SigmaTel filed similar complaints with the U.S. International Trade Commission, or ITC, alleging that we had infringed SigmaTel’s U.S. patents in the design of some of our SoCs for PMP players.
On September 15, 2006, the ITC announced its final determination that certain of our SoCs had infringed the 187 patent and certain of our SoCs, utilizing a prior version of firmware, had infringed the 522 patent. The ITC also issued a limited exclusive order prohibiting some of our products shipping into U.S. The ITC’s final determination is subject to appeal at the United States Circuit Court for the Federal Circuit. On January 3, 2007, SigmaTel’s complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas, Austin Division was dismissed without prejudice. On January 4, 2007, we filed a Notice of Appeal with the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit to review the September 15, 2006 ITC decision.
On September 13, 2006, we filed a complaint in Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court in China, asserting that certain SigmaTel products infringe one of our key digital audio processing technology patents in China. Further, we applied the court to grant and execute a series of border detention orders, enforced by China customs, prohibiting the importation and the exportation of the infringing products and the devices that contain SigmaTel’s infringing chips.
On June 21 2007, we settled all the disputes with SigmaTel, Inc. Under the terms of the settlement, all outstanding claims and counterclaims in the lawsuits would be dismissed. Both companies also agreed to not to pursue possible third party IP infringements or new legal actions against each other and their respective customers for three years. Additionally, both companies entered into a comprehensive cross-license agreement covering patents owned or controlled by either party or its subsidiaries. Subsequently, on August 20, 2007, we and SigmaTel filed a joint petition to rescind the remedial order on the basis of the settlement agreement. On September 11, 2007, the US International Trade Commission has determined to rescind the limited exclusion order previously issued in this investigation.
In addition, two of our former advisors have filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California against us on August 17, 2006, seeking compensatory damages for services rendered. The Company has filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on the grounds that it is not subject to personal jurisdiction in California and that the Peoples’ Republic of China would be the more appropriate forum for this. That motion is currently pending before the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California. We do not believe this dispute will have any material impact on our financial conditions or results of operation.
Dividend Policy
Annual dividends, if any, on our shares and ADSs will be declared by and subject to the discretion of our board of directors. Our board of directors may from time to time pay to the shareholders such interim dividends as appear to our board of directors to be justified by our profits. We may pay dividends to shareholders in the future; however, such payments will depend upon a number of factors, including our results of operations, earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors considered relevant by our board of directors. We currently intend to retain all of our earnings to finance the development and expansion of our business and therefore do not intend to declare or pay cash dividends on our shares and ADSs in the near to medium term.
Our dividends may be declared and paid out of our profits, realized or unrealized, or from any reserve set aside from profits which the directors determine is no longer needed or out of our share premium account. We currently have no reserve set aside from profits for the payment of dividends.
Our ability to pay dividends depends substantially on the payment of dividends to us by Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai). Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) may pay dividends only out of its accumulated distributable profits, if any, determined in accordance with its articles of association, and the accounting standards and regulations in China. In addition, Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai), as a wholly foreign owned enterprise, is required to provide for a reserve fund and a staff and workers’ bonus fund, and to set aside at least 10% (up to an aggregate amount equal to half of its registered capital) of its after-tax profits each year at the discretion of its board of directors. Allocations to these statutory reserves and funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable to us in the form of loans, advances, or cash dividends. Any limitation on the payment of dividends by our subsidiaries could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our businesses, pay dividends, and otherwise fund and conduct our businesses.
Our subsidiary Actions Semiconductor (Mauritius) declared a special dividend in June 2005 in the amount of US$20 million, which was paid in July 2005. We will not use this dividend distribution as a reference or basis to determine the amount of future dividends, if any. Any future dividends will be paid in accordance with our policy described above.
B. Significant Changes
Not applicable.
ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING
A. Offer and Listing Details
Our ADSs have been quoted on The NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol ACTS since November 30, 2005. Each ADS represents six ordinary shares. On April 21, 2008, the last reported sale price of our ADSs on the Nasdaq Global Market was US$3.17. As of March 31, 2008, there was three registered holder and 5,757 beneficial holders of ADSs on our record.
The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, the highest and lowest closing prices and the average daily volume of trading activities on the Nasdaq Global Market for our ordinary shares represented by ADSs.
| | High | | Low | | Average Daily Trading Volume | |
2005 | | US$ | 9.25 | | US$ | 7.08 | | | 212,164 | |
2006 | | | 12.24 | | | 6.55 | | | 226,776 | |
2007 | | | 8.50 | | | 3.98 | | | 399,942 | |
First Quarter | | | 8.50 | | | 6.41 | | | 456,051 | |
Second Quarter | | | 7.64 | | | 5.66 | | | 352,933 | |
Third Quarter | | | 6.99 | | | 4.50 | | | 402,538 | |
Fourth Quarter | | | 6.30 | | | 3.98 | | | 390,183 | |
October | | | 6.30 | | | 4.66 | | | 669,630 | |
November | | | 5.10 | | | 4.07 | | | 279,881 | |
December | | | 5.00 | | | 3.98 | | | 184,635 | |
2008 | | | | | | | | | | |
First Quarter | | | 4.40 | | | 2.82 | | | 129,759 | |
January | | | 4.40 | | | 3.01 | | | 178,652 | |
February | | | 3.79 | | | 3.25 | | | 99,940 | |
March | | | 3.49 | | | 2.82 | | | 108,240 | |
April (through April 21, 2008) | | | 3.20 | | | 3.03 | | | 137,933 | |
B. Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
C. Markets
Our ADSs are listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “ACTS”.
D. Selling Shareholders
Not applicable.
E. Dilution
Not applicable.
F. Expense of the Issue
Not applicable.
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A. Share Capital
As of March 31, 2008, our authorized share capital consisted of 2.0 billion shares, par value 0.000001 per share, and there were 516.0 million ordinary shares issued and outstanding. All of our issued and outstanding shares are fully paid and non-assessable.
In August 2005, we issued 480.0 million ordinary shares of our company in consideration for 100% of the total outstanding shares of Action Semiconductor (Mauritius).
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
Company Objects and Purposes
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company and our affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and the Companies Law (2004 Revision) of the Cayman Islands, which is referred to below as the Companies Law. A Cayman Islands exempted company is a company that conducts its business outside of the Cayman Islands, is exempted from certain requirements of the Companies Law, including a filing of an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies or the Immigration Board, does not have to make its register of shareholders open to inspection and may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation. According to our memorandum and articles of association, the objects for which we are established are unrestricted and we have full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the Companies Law or as the same may be revised from time to time, or any other law of the Cayman Islands.
The following are summaries of material terms and provisions of our memorandum and articles of association and the Companies Law insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares. This summary is not complete, and you should read the forms of our memorandum and articles of association, which was filed as exhibits to our registration statement on Form F-1.
The holders of ADSs will not be treated as our shareholders and will be required to surrender their ADSs for cancellation and withdrawal from the depositary facility in which the ordinary shares are held in order to exercise shareholders’ rights in respect of the ordinary shares. The depositary will agree, so far as it is practical, to vote or cause to be voted the amount of ordinary shares represented by ADSs in accordance with the non-discretionary written instructions of the holder of such ADSs.
Board of Directors
We are managed by a board of directors which currently consists of seven members. Our articles of association provide that the board of directors shall consist of not more than eleven directors, including at least three independent directors.
The directors are divided into three classes, designated Class I, Class II, and Class III, as nearly equal in number as the then total number of directors permits. At the 2006 annual meeting of shareholders, all directors must stand for election. Class I Directors will be elected for a one-year term, Class II Directors for a two-year term and Class III Directors for a three-year term. At each succeeding annual meeting of shareholders beginning in 2007, successors to the class of directors whose terms expire at that annual meeting shall be elected for a three-year term. If the number of directors is changed, any increase or decrease shall be apportioned among the classes so as to maintain the number of directors in each class as nearly equal as possible, and any additional directors of any class elected to fill a vacancy resulting from an increase in such class will hold office for a term that coincides with the remaining term of that class, but in no case will a decrease in the number of directors shorten the term of any incumbent director.
Our shareholders may by special resolution at any time remove any director for negligence or other reasonable cause before the expiration of his period of office notwithstanding anything in the articles of association or in any agreement between us and such director, and may by ordinary resolution elect another person in his stead. Any person so elected will hold office during such term only as the director in whose place he is elected would have held the same if he had not been removed. Subject to our articles of association, the directors will have power at any time and from time to time to appoint any person to be a director, either as an addition to the existing directors or to fill a vacancy resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal from office or any other reason, but so that the total amount of directors (exclusive of alternate directors) must not at any time exceed the number fixed in accordance with the articles of association.
There are no share ownership qualifications for directors.
Meetings of our board of directors may be convened at any time deemed necessary by any members of our board of directors. Advance notice of a meeting is not required if all our directors are present or represented at the meeting concerned and consent to the holding of such meeting.
A meeting of our board of directors will be competent to make lawful and binding decisions if any two members of our board of directors are present or represented. At any meeting of our directors, each director, be it by his or her presence or by his or her alternate, is entitled to one vote. A director may vote in respect of any contract or transaction in which he is interested, provided, (a) such director must, if his interest in such contract or arrangement is material, declare the nature of his interest at the earliest meeting of the board at which it is practicable for him to do so, either specifically or by way of a general notice stating that, by reason of the facts specified in the notice, he is to be regarded as interested in any contracts of a specified description which we may subsequently make and (b) if such contract or arrangement is a transaction with a related party, such transaction has been approved by the Audit Committee.
Questions arising at a meeting of our board of directors are required to be decided by simple majority votes of the members of our board of directors present or represented at the meeting. In the case of a tie vote, the chairman of the meeting shall have a second or deciding vote. Our board of directors may also pass resolutions without a meeting by unanimous written consent.
Subject to the recommendation of our Compensation Committee, the remuneration to be paid to the directors shall be such remuneration as the directors shall determine. Such remuneration shall be deemed to accrue from day to day. The directors shall also be entitled to be paid their traveling, hotel and other expenses properly incurred by them in going to, attending and returning from meetings of the directors, or any committee of the directors, or general meetings of the company, or otherwise in connection with our business, or to receive a fixed allowance in respect thereof as may be determined by the directors from time to time, or a combination partly of one such method and partly the other.
Under Cayman Islands laws, our directors have a duty of loyalty and must act honestly and in good faith and in our best interests. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the care, diligence, and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duties to us, our directors must ensure compliance with the memorandum and articles of association and the class rights vested thereunder in the holders of the shares. A shareholder may in certain circumstances have rights to damages if a duty owed by the directors is breached.
Voting Rights Attaching to the Shares
Subject to any rights or restrictions attached to any shares, at any general meeting every shareholder who is present in person (or, in the case of a shareholder being a corporation, by its duly authorized representative) or by proxy shall have one vote and on a poll every shareholder present in person (or, in the case of a shareholder being a corporation, by its duly appointed representative) or by proxy shall have one vote for each share which such shareholder is the holder. Voting at any meeting of the shareholders is by show of hands unless a poll is demanded. A poll may be demanded by the chairman or any other shareholder present in person or by proxy holding at least 10% in par value of the shares giving a right to attend and vote at the meeting.
Any ordinary resolution to be passed by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes cast at a meeting of our shareholders, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes cast at a meeting of our shareholders. Holders of our ordinary shares may by ordinary resolution, among other things, elect directors, and make alterations of capital. A special resolution is required for matters such as a change of name.
No shareholder shall be entitled to vote or be reckoned in a quorum, in respect of any share, unless such shareholder is registered as our shareholder at the applicable record date for that meeting.
If a recognized clearing house (or its nominee(s)) is our shareholder, it may authorize such person or persons as it thinks fit to act as its representative(s) at any meeting or at any meeting of any class of shareholders provided that, if more than one person is so authorized, the authorization shall specify the number and class of shares in respect of which each such person is so authorized. A person authorized pursuant to this provision is entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the recognized clearing house (or its nominee(s)) as if such person was the registered holder of our shares held by that clearing house (or its nominee(s)) including the right to vote individually on a show of hands.
Protection of Minority Shareholders
The Grand Court of the Cayman Islands may, on the application of shareholders holding not less than one- fifth of our shares in issue, appoint an inspector to examine our affairs and report thereon in a manner as the Grand Court shall direct.
Any shareholder may petition the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands which may make a winding up order, if the court is of the opinion that it is just and equitable that we should be wound up.
Claims against us by our shareholders must, as a general rule, be based on the general laws of contract or tort applicable in the Cayman Islands or their individual rights as shareholders as established by our memorandum and articles of association.
The Cayman Islands courts ordinarily would be expected to follow English case law precedents which permit a minority shareholder to commence a representative action against, or derivative actions in our name to challenge (1) an act which is ultra vires or illegal, (2) an act which constitutes a fraud against the minority and the wrongdoers are themselves in control of us, and (3) an irregularity in the passing of a resolution which requires a qualified (or special) majority.
Pre-emption Rights
There are no pre-emption rights applicable to the issuance of new shares under either Cayman Islands law or our memorandum and articles of association.
Liquidation Rights
Subject to any special rights, privileges or restrictions as to the distribution of available surplus assets on liquidation for the time being attached to any class or classes of shares, if the Company shall be wound up the liquidator may, with the sanction of a Special Resolution of the Company and any other sanction required by the Companies Law, divide among the shareholders in kind the whole or any part of the assets of the Company (whether they shall consist of property of the same kind or not) and may for that purpose value any assets and determine how the division shall be carried out as between the shareholders or different classes of shareholders. The liquidator may, with the like sanction, vest the whole or any part of such assets in trustees upon such trusts for the benefit of the shareholders as the liquidator, with the like sanction, shall think fit, but so that no shareholders shall be compelled to accept any asset upon which there is a liability. If the Company shall be wound up, and the assets available for distribution among the shareholders as such shall be insufficient to repay the whole of the paid-up capital, such assets shall be distributed so that, as nearly as may be, the losses shall be borne by the shareholders in proportion to the capital paid up, or which ought to have been paid up, at the commencement of the winding up on the shares held by them respectively. And if winding up the assets available for distribution among the shareholders shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the capital paid up at the commencement of the winding up, the excess shall be distributed amongst the shareholders in proportion to the capital paid up at the commencement of the winding up on the shares held by them respectively.
Modification of Rights
Except with respect to share capital (as described below) and the location of the registered office, alterations to our memorandum and articles of association may only be made by special resolution of no less than two-thirds of votes cast at a meeting of the shareholders.
Subject to the Companies Law, all or any of the special rights attached to any class, unless otherwise provided for by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, may be varied, modified or abrogated either with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than three-fourths in nominal value of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. The provisions of our articles of association relating to general meetings shall apply mutatis mutandis to every such separate general meeting, but so that the quorum for the purposes of any such separate general meeting other than an adjourned meeting shall be a person or persons together holding, or represented by proxy, on the date of the relevant meeting not less than one-third in nominal value of the issued shares of that class, every holder of shares of the class shall be entitled on a poll to one vote for every such share held by such holder and that any holder of shares of that class present in person or by proxy may demand a poll.
The special rights conferred upon the holders of any class of shares shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided in the rights attaching to or the terms of issue of such shares, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu therewith.
Meetings
Subject to our articles of association, an annual general meeting and any extraordinary general meeting called for the passing of a special resolution shall be called by not less than 20 days’ notice in writing and any other extraordinary general meeting shall be called by not less than 20 days’ notice in writing. Notice of every general meeting will be given to all of our shareholders.
Notwithstanding that a meeting is called by shorter notice than that mentioned above, but, subject to our articles of association, it will be deemed to have been duly called, if it is so agreed (1) in the case of a meeting called as an annual general meeting by all of our shareholders (or their proxies) entitled to attend and vote at the meeting; or (2) in the case of any other meeting, by a majority in number of our shareholders having a right to attend and vote at the meeting, being a majority together holding not less than 95% in nominal value of the ordinary shares giving that right.
No business other than the appointment of a chairman of the meeting may be transacted at any general meeting unless a quorum is present at the commencement of business. However, the absence of a quorum will not preclude the appointment of a chairman of the meeting. If present, the chairman of our board of directors shall be the chairman presiding at any shareholders’ meetings.
Two of our members present in person or by proxy or corporate representative representing not less than one third in nominal value of our total issued voting shares shall be a quorum.
A corporation being a shareholder shall be deemed for the purpose of our articles of association to be present in person if represented by its duly authorized representative. Such duly authorized representative shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the corporation which he or she represents as that corporation could exercise if it were our individual shareholder.
The quorum for a separate general meeting of the holders of a separate class of shares is described in “Modification of Rights” above.
Transfer of Shares
Subject to any applicable restrictions set forth in our articles of association, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or in any other form which our directors may approve.
Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any share without assigning any reasons therefor.
If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within two months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.
The registration of transfers may be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as our board of directors may from time to time determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 45 days in any year.
Share Repurchase
We are empowered by the Companies Law and our articles of association to purchase our own shares, subject to certain restrictions. Our directors may only exercise this power on our behalf, subject to the Companies Law, our memorandum and articles of association and to any applicable requirements imposed from time to time by the SEC, the Nasdaq Global Market, or by any recognized stock exchange on which our securities are listed.
Dividends
Subject to the Companies Law and to our articles of association, in general meeting we may declare dividends in any currency, but no dividends shall exceed the amount recommended by our board of directors. No dividend may be declared or paid other than out of our profits and reserves lawfully available for distribution, including share premium.
Unless and to the extent that the rights attached to any shares or the terms of issue thereof otherwise provide, with respect to any shares not fully paid throughout the period in respect of which the dividend is paid, all dividends shall be apportioned and paid pro rata according to the amounts paid up on the shares during any portion or portions of the period in respect of which the dividend is paid. For these purposes no amount paid up on a share in advance of calls shall be treated as paid up on the share.
Our board of directors may from time to time pay to our shareholders such interim dividends as appear to the directors to be justified by our profits. Our directors may also pay dividends semi-annually or at other intervals to be selected by them at a fixed rate if they are of the opinion that the profits available for distribution justify the payment. The board may also declare and pay special dividends as they think fit.
Our board of directors may retain any dividends or other monies payable on or in respect of a share upon which we have a lien, and may apply the same in or towards satisfaction of the debts, liabilities or engagements in respect of which the lien exists. Our board of directors may also deduct from any dividend or other monies payable to any shareholder all sums of money, if any, presently payable by him or her to us on account of calls, installments or otherwise.
No dividend shall carry interest against us.
Whenever our board of directors or we in general meeting have resolved that a dividend be paid or declared on our share capital, the board of directors may further resolve: (a) that such dividend be satisfied wholly or in part in the form of an allotment of shares credited as fully paid up on the basis that the shares so allotted are to be of the same class as the class already held by the allottee, provided that those of our shareholders entitled thereto will be entitled to elect to receive such dividend, or part thereof, in cash in lieu of such allotment; or (b) that those of our shareholders entitled to such dividend will be entitled to elect to receive an allotment of shares credited as fully paid up in lieu of the whole or such part of the dividend as our board of directors may think fit on the basis that the shares so allotted are to be of the same class as the class already held by the allottee. We may upon the recommendation of our board of directors by ordinary resolution resolve in respect of anyone particular dividend that notwithstanding the foregoing a dividend may be satisfied wholly in the form of an allotment of shares credited as fully paid without offering any right to our shareholders to elect to receive such dividend in cash in lieu of such allotment.
Any dividend, interest or other sum payable in cash to a holder of shares may be paid by check or warrant sent through the post addressed to the registered address of the shareholder entitled, or in the case of joint holders, to the registered address of the person whose name stands first in our register of shareholders in respect of the joint holding to such person and to such address as the holder or joint holders may in writing direct. Every check or warrant so sent shall be made payable to the order of the holder or, in the case of joint holders, to the order of the holder whose name stands first on our register of shareholders in respect of such shares, and shall be sent at his or their risk and the payment of any such check or warrant by the bank on which it is drawn shall operate as a good discharge to us in respect of the dividend and/or bonus represented thereby, notwithstanding that it may subsequently appear that the same has been stolen or that any endorsement there on has been forged.
Any dividend unclaimed for six years from the date of declaration of such dividend may be forfeited by the board of directors and shall revert to us.
Our board of directors may, with the sanction of the shareholders in general meeting, direct that any dividend be satisfied wholly or in part by the distribution of specific assets of any kind, and in particular of paid up shares, debentures or warrants to subscribe securities of any other company, and where any difficulty arises in regard to such distribution our directors may settle it as they think expedient, and in particular may disregard fractional entitlements, round the same up or down or provide that the same shall accrue to our benefit, and may fix the value for distribution of such specific assets and may determine that cash payments shall be made to any of our shareholders upon the footing of the value so fixed in order to adjust the rights of all parties, and may vest any such specific assets in trustees as may seem expedient to our board of directors.
Issuance of Additional Ordinary Shares or Preferred Shares
Our articles of association authorizes our board of directors to issue additional ordinary shares from time to time as our board of directors shall determine, to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares.
Our articles of association authorizes our board of directors to establish from time to time one or more series of preferred shares and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including:
| • | the designation of the series; |
| • | the number of shares of the series; |
| • | the dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights; and |
| • | the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences. |
Our board of directors may issue series of preferred shares without action by our shareholders to the extent authorized but unissued. Accordingly, the issuance of preferred shares may adversely affect the rights of the holders of the ordinary shares. In addition, the issuance of preferred shares may be used as an anti-takeover device without further action on the part of the shareholders. We have no immediate plans to issue any preferred shares.
Issuance of preferred shares may dilute the voting power of holders of ordinary shares. Subject to applicable regulatory requirements, our board of directors may issue additional ordinary shares without action by our shareholders to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares. The issuance of additional ordinary shares may be used as an anti-takeover device without further action on the part of the shareholders. Such issuance may dilute the voting power of existing holders of ordinary shares.
The listing maintenance requirements of the Nasdaq Global Market, which apply so long as our ADSs are quoted on that market, require shareholder approval of certain issuances of our securities equal to or exceeding 20% of the then outstanding voting power of all our securities or the then outstanding number of our ordinary shares.
Inspection of Books and Records
Holders of our ordinary shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited financial statements.
Untraceable Shareholders
We are entitled to sell any shares of a shareholder who is untraceable, provided that:
| • | all checks or warrants, not being less than three in number, for any sums payable in cash to the holder of such shares have remained uncashed for a period of 12 years; |
| • | we have not during that time or before the expiry of the three-month period referred to in the last bullet under this section received any indication of the whereabouts or existence of the shareholder or person entitled to such shares by death, bankruptcy or operation of law; |
| • | during the 12-year period, at least three dividends in respect of the shares in question have become payable and no dividend during that period has been claimed by the shareholder; and |
| • | Upon expiration of the 12-year period, we have caused an advertisement to be published in newspapers (or, by electronic communication in the manner in which notices may be served by us by electronic means as provided in our articles of association), giving notice of its intention to sell these shares, and a period of three months has elapsed since such advertisement. |
The net proceeds of any such sale shall belong to us, and when we receive these net proceeds we shall become indebted to the former shareholder for an amount equal to such net proceeds.
Differences in Corporate Law
The Companies Law (2004 Revision) of the Cayman Islands (the “Companies Law”) distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies, and we are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Law. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The responsibilities of an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except for the exemptions and privileges listed below:
| • | an exempted company does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies; |
| • | an exempted company’s register of members is not open to inspection; |
| • | an exempted company does not have to hold an annual general meeting; |
| • | an exempted company may issue no par value, negotiable or bearer shares; |
| • | an exempted company may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance); |
| • | an exempted company may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands; |
| • | an exempted company may register as a limited duration company; and |
| • | an exempted company may register as a segregated portfolio company. |
The company has not registered as a limited duration company or a segregated portfolio company and could not do so without prior shareholder approval. The company has no intention to seek such shareholder approval.
The Companies Law is modeled after similar laws in the United Kingdom but does not follow recent changes in United Kingdom laws. In addition, the Companies Law differs from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant provisions of the Companies Law applicable to us.
Duties of Directors
Under Cayman Islands law, at common law, members of a board of directors owe a fiduciary duty to the company to act in good faith in their dealings with or on behalf of the company and exercise their powers and fulfill the duties of their office honestly. This duty has four essential elements:
| • | a duty to act in good faith in the best interests of the company; |
| • | a duty not to personally profit from opportunities that arise from the office of director; |
| • | a duty to avoid conflicts of interest; and |
| • | a duty to exercise powers for the purpose for which such powers were intended. |
In general, the Companies Law imposes various duties on officers of a company with respect to certain matters of management and administration of the company. The Companies Law contains provisions, which impose default fines on persons who fail to satisfy those requirements. However, in many circumstances, an individual is only liable if he knowingly is guilty of the default or knowingly and willfully authorizes or permits the default.
Interested Directors
There are no provisions under Cayman Islands law that require a director who is interested in a transaction entered into by a Cayman company to disclose his interest nor will render such director liable to such company for any profit realized pursuant to such transaction.
Voting Rights and Quorum Requirements
Under Cayman Islands law, the voting rights of shareholders are regulated by the company’s articles of association and, in certain circumstances, the Companies Law. The articles of association will govern matters such as quorum for the transaction of business, rights of shares, and majority votes required to approve any action or resolution at a meeting of the shareholders or board of directors. Our articles of association provide that a quorum for a general meeting shall be two members present in person or by proxy or corporate representative provided, however, that in no case shall such quorum be less than one-third of the outstanding voting shares in the capital of the company. Under Cayman Islands law, certain matters must be approved by a special resolution which is defined as two-thirds of the votes cast by shareholders present at a meeting and entitled to vote. Other than special resolutions, all resolutions shall be passed by a simple majority of those shares voted at a meeting at which a quorum is present.
Mergers and Similar Arrangements
Cayman Islands law does not provide for mergers as that expression is understood under United States corporate law. However, there are statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies, provided that the arrangement in question is approved by a majority in number of each class of shareholders and creditors with whom the arrangement is to be made, and who must in addition represent three- fourths in value of each such class of shareholders or creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in-person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder would have the right to express to the court the view that the transaction should not be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it satisfies itself that:
| • | the statutory provisions as to majority vote have been complied with; |
| • | the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question; |
| • | the arrangement is one that a businessman would reasonably approve; and |
| • | the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Law. |
When a takeover offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0% of the shares within four months, the offerer may, within a two-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares on the terms of the offer. An objection may be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but is unlikely to succeed unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.
If the arrangement and reconstruction are thus approved, any dissenting shareholders would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of U.S. corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.
Shareholder Suits
Our Cayman Islands counsel is not aware of any reported class action or derivative action having been brought in a Cayman Islands court. In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff and a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, exceptions to the foregoing principle apply in circumstances in which:
| • | a company is acting or proposing to act illegally or beyond the scope of its authority; |
| • | the act complained of, although not beyond the scope of its authority, could be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote which has not been obtained; and |
| • | those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.” |
Under Delaware law, a stockholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the corporation to enforce the rights of the corporation. Delaware law expressly authorizes stockholder derivative suits on the condition that the stockholder either held the stock at the time of the transaction of which the stockholder complains, or acquired the stock thereafter by operation of law and continues to hold it throughout the duration of the suit. An individual may also commence a class action suit on behalf of himself and other similarly situated stockholders where the requirements for maintaining a class action under Delaware law have been met. A plaintiff instituting a derivative suit is required to serve a demand on the corporation before bringing suit, unless such demand would be futile.
Corporate Governance
Cayman Islands laws do not restrict transactions with directors, requiring only that directors exercise a duty of care and owe a fiduciary duty to the companies for which they serve. Under our memorandum and articles of association, subject to any separate requirement for audit committee approval under the applicable rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc. or unless disqualified by the chairman of the relevant board meeting, so long as a director discloses the nature of his interest in any contract or arrangement in which he is interested, such a director may vote in respect of any contract or proposed contract or arrangement in which such director is interested and may be counted in the quorum at such meeting.
Indemnification
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our articles of association provide for the indemnification of our directors, auditors and other officers against all losses or liabilities incurred or sustained by him or her as a director, auditor or other officer of our company in defending any proceedings, whether civil or criminal, in which judgment is given in his or her favor, or in which he or she is acquitted provided that this indemnity shall not extend to any matter in respect of any fraud or dishonesty which may attach to any of said persons.
Shareholder Proposals
The Companies Law does not provide shareholders any right to bring business before a meeting or requisition a general meeting. Our articles of association provide that the directors shall on a members requisition forthwith proceed to convene an extraordinary general meeting of the company. A members requisition is a requisition of shareholders of the company holding at the date of deposit of the requisition not less than 10% in par value of the capital of the company as at that date carries the right of voting at general meetings of the company.
Approval of Corporate Matters by Written Consent
The Companies Law allows a special resolution to be passed in writing if signed by all the shareholders and authorized by the articles of association.
Calling of Special Shareholders Meetings
The Companies Law does not have provisions governing the proceedings of shareholders meetings which are usually provided in the articles of association.
Staggered Board of Directors
The Companies Law does not contain statutory provisions that require staggered board arrangements for a Cayman Islands company. Such provisions, however, may validly be provided for in the articles of association, and we have provided for a staggered board of directors in our articles of association. Pursuant to such provision, one-third of the current members of our board is required to stand for re-election each year.
Issuance of Preferred Stock
The Companies Law allows shares to be, issued with preferred, deferred or other special rights, whether in. regard to dividends, voting, return of share capital or otherwise. Our articles of association provide that the directors may allot, issue, grant options over or otherwise dispose of shares (including fractions of a share) with or without preferred, deferred or other special rights or restrictions, in one or more series, whether with regard to dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences or otherwise and to such persons, at such times and on such other terms as they think proper.
Anti-takeover Provisions
The Companies Law does not prevent companies from adopting a wide range of defensive measures, such as staggered boards, blank check preferred stock, removal of directors only for cause and provisions that restrict the rights of shareholders to call meetings and submit shareholder proposals. Our articles of association contain the following provisions which may be regarded as defensive measures: (i) a staggered board of directors and (ii) shareholders right to requisition a general meeting so that only the shareholders holding not less than 10% in par value of the capital of the company as at that date may requisition a general meeting.
Alteration of Capital
We may from time to time by ordinary resolution:
| • | increase the share capital by such sum as the resolution shall prescribe and with such rights, priorities and privileges annexed thereto, as the Company in general meeting may determine; |
| • | consolidate and divide all or any of its share capital into shares of larger amount than its existing shares; |
| • | by subdivision of its existing shares or any of them divide the whole or any part of its share capital into shares of smaller amount than is fixed by the Memorandum of Association or into shares without par value; and |
| • | cancel any shares that at the date of the passing of the resolution have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person. |
We may, by special resolution, subject to any confirmation or consent required by the Companies Law, reduce our share capital or any capital redemption reserve fund in any manner authorized by law.
C. Material Contracts
See Exhibits 10.1 and 10.2, to our Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-129208) filed with the Commission on October 24, 2005. Other than such contracts, we have not entered into any material contracts outside the ordinary course of our business within the two years preceding the date of this annual report.
D. Exchange Controls
Foreign Currency Exchange
Pursuant to the Administrative Regulations on Foreign Exchange amended by the State Council on January 14, 1997 and effective as of the same date and various further regulations issued by the Sate Administration of Foreign exchange (the “SAFE”), Renminbi can be freely converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China through a designated foreign exchange bank for current account transactions, such as payment for purchase of goods and services. However, evidence in the form of contracts, invoices and in some cases government registration certificates, must be presented to the bank. For capital account transactions, such as equity investments and loans, conversion of foreign currency into Renminbi, or Renminbi into foreign currency, and remittance thereof into or out of China requires approval by SAFE or its local office.
Within China, all payments must be made in Renminbi. Unless otherwise approved, Chinese companies must repatriate foreign currency payments received from abroad into China. Foreign invested enterprises, such as Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai), are allowed to retain foreign currency in accounts with designated foreign exchange banks, subject to a maximum amount set by SAFE.
Dividend Distribution
The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends by wholly foreign owned enterprises include the Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law amended by SCNPC on October 31, 2000 and effective as of the same date, and its Implementing Rules amended by the State Council on April 12, 2001 and effective as of the same date.
Under these regulations, a foreign invested enterprise in China may pay dividends only out of its accumulated distributable profits, if any, determined in accordance with its articles of association, and the accounting standards and regulations in China. In particular, each of our principle PRC subsidiaries, Actions Semiconductor (Zhuhai) and Artek Microelectronics (Shenzhen), as wholly foreign owned enterprises, is required to provide for a reserve fund and a staff and workers’ bonus fund, and to set aside at least 10% (up to an aggregate amount equal to half of its registered capital) of its after-tax profits each year.
E. Taxation
Cayman Islands Taxation
The following discussion of the material Cayman Islands tax consequences of an investment in our ordinary shares or ADSs is directly based on the advice of Maples and Calder as to Cayman Islands law. However, it does not consider any investor’s particular circumstances, and does not consider tax consequences other than those arising under Cayman Islands law.
The Cayman Islands currently have no exchange control restrictions and no income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax applicable to us or to any holder of ADS or of ordinary shares. Accordingly, any payment of dividends or any other distribution made on the ordinary shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be required on such payments to any shareholder and gains derived from the sale of ordinary shares will not be subject to Cayman Islands capital gains tax. The Cayman Islands are not party to any double taxation treaties.
The Company has obtained an undertaking from the Governor-in-Cabinet of the Cayman Islands that, in accordance with section 6 of the Tax Concessions Law (1999 Revision) of the Cayman Islands, for a period of 20 years from August 9, 2005, no law which is enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations will apply to us or our operation and, in addition, that no tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations or which is in the nature of the estate duty or inheritance tax will be payable (i) on or in respect of our shares, debentures, or other obligations, or (ii) by way of withholding in whole or in part of a payment of dividend or other distribution of income or capital by us.
United States Federal Income Taxation
The following is a summary of the material United States federal tax consequences relating to the purchase, ownership, and disposition of the ordinary shares or ADSs. The information provided below is based on the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, Treasury Regulations, proposed Treasury Regulations, Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, published rulings and court decisions, all as of the date hereof. These authorities may change, possibly on a retroactive basis, or the IRS might interpret the existing authorities differently. In either case, the tax consequences of purchasing, owning or disposing of ordinary shares or ADSs could differ from those described below. We do not intend to obtain a ruling from the IRS with respect to the tax consequences of acquiring or holding the ordinary shares or ADSs.
This description is general in nature and does not discuss all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to a particular investor in light of the investor’s particular circumstances, or to certain types of investors subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws, such as:
| • | banks or financial institutions; |
| • | life insurance companies; |
| • | tax-exempt organizations; |
| • | dealers in securities or foreign currencies; |
| • | traders in securities that elect to apply a mark-to-market method of accounting; |
| • | shareholders that actually or constructively hold 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all of the classes of our stock entitled to vote; |
| • | persons holding ordinary shares or ADSs as part of a position in a “straddle” or as part of a “hedging,” “conversion” or “integrated” transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes; |
| • | persons subject to the alternative minimum tax provisions of the Code; and |
| • | persons that have a “functional currency” other than the U.S. dollar. |
This description generally applies to purchasers of the ordinary shares or ADSs as capital assets. This description does not consider the effect of any foreign, state, local or other tax laws that may be applicable to particular investors.
Investors considering the purchase of ordinary shares or ADSs should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the U.S. federal income tax laws to their particular situations and the consequences of U.S. federal estate or gift tax laws, foreign, state, or local laws, and tax treaties.
U.S. Holders
As used herein, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of ordinary shares or ADSs that is:
| • | a citizen or resident of the U.S. for U.S. federal income tax purposes; |
| • | a corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes organized in or under the laws of the U.S. or any political subdivision thereof; |
| • | an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
| • | a trust, if such trust validly elects to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or if (a) a court within the U.S. can exercise primary supervision over its administration and (b) one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of the substantial decisions of such trust. |
If a partnership (including any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the ordinary shares or ADSs, the U.S. tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A holder of the ordinary shares or ADSs that is a partnership and partners in such partnership should consult their tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of the ordinary shares or ADSs.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, U.S. Holders of ADSs will be treated as the beneficial owners of the underlying shares represented by the ADSs. Accordingly, no gain or loss will be recognized upon the exchange of ADSs for the holder’s proportionate interest in the shares, a holder’s tax basis in the withdrawn shares will be the same as its tax basis in the ADSs surrendered in exchange therefor, and the holding period in the withdrawn shares will include the period during which the holder held the surrendered ADSs.
If you are not a U.S. Holder, the following subsection does not apply to you and you should refer to “Non-U.S. Holders” below.
Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on Ordinary Shares or ADSs
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, all distributions to a U.S. Holder with respect to the U.S. Holder’s ordinary shares or ADSs, other than certain pro rata distributions of our shares, will be includible in the U.S. Holder’s gross income as ordinary dividend income when received, but only to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. For this purpose, earnings and profits will be computed under U.S. federal income tax principles. The dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations. To the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, it will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the U.S. Holder’s ordinary shares or ADSs, and to the extent the amount of the distribution exceeds the U.S. Holder’s tax basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain.
If you are an individual U.S. Holder, dividends paid to you in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2009 from a “qualified foreign corporation” will be taxable to you at a maximum tax rate of 15% provided that you meet certain holding period and other requirements. A non-United States corporation (other than a passive foreign investment company) generally will be considered to be a qualified foreign corporation (i) if it is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States which the Secretary of Treasury of the United States determines is satisfactory for purposes of this provision and which includes an exchange of information program or (ii) with respect to any dividend it pays on shares (or ADSs backed by such shares) which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. There is currently no such tax treaty in effect between the United States and the Cayman Islands. Our ADSs have been quoted on the Nasdaq Global Market under the Symbol “ACTS” since November 30, 2005. Each ADS represents six ordinary shares.
Dividends paid with respect to our ordinary shares could cease to be qualified dividend income if our ordinary shares or ADSs are delisted from The Nasdaq Global Market and do not subsequently become regularly traded on The Nasdaq SmallCap Market or other qualified exchange or market or if we are treated as a passive foreign investment company.
Dividends paid in Renminbi will be included in each U.S. Holder’s income as a U.S. dollar amount based on the spot rate in effect on the date that the U.S. Holder (or, in the case of a U.S. Holder of ADSs, the Depositary) receives the dividend, regardless of whether the payment is converted into U.S. dollars. If the U.S. Holder (or the Depositary) does not receive U.S. dollars on the date the dividend is distributed, the U.S. Holder will be required to include either gain or loss in income when the U.S. Holder (or the Depositary) later exchanges the Renminbi for U.S. dollars. The gain or loss will be equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount that the U.S. Holder includes in income when the dividend is received and the amount that the U.S. Holder receives on the exchange of the Renminbi for U.S. dollars. The gain or loss generally will be ordinary income or loss from United States sources. If we distribute non-cash property as a dividend, the U.S. Holder will generally include in income an amount equal to the fair market value, in U.S. dollars, of the property on the date that it is distributed. Dividends will constitute foreign source income for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. The rules relating to the foreign tax credit are complex and U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors to determine the foreign tax credit implications of owning the ordinary shares or ADSs.
Taxation of Disposition of Ordinary Shares or ADSs
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, a U.S. Holder will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale or exchange of ordinary shares or ADSs equal to the difference between the amount realized (in U.S. dollars) for the ordinary shares or ADSs and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis (in U.S. dollars) in the ordinary shares or ADSs. The gain or loss recognized generally will be capital gain or loss. Capital gain of an individual U.S. Holder that is recognized before January 1, 2009 generally is taxed at a maximum tax rate of 15% if the property giving rise to the capital gain is held for more than one year. The deductibility of capital loss is subject to limitations.
Any gain or loss that a U.S. Holder recognizes will generally be treated as United States source income or loss for purposes of foreign tax credit limitations, unless it is attributable to an office or other fixed place of business outside the U.S. and certain other conditions are met.
Passive Foreign Investment Company
A company is considered a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for any taxable year if either:
| • | at least 75% of its gross income is passive income; or |
| • | at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. |
For the purpose of applying the income and asset tests described above, we will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any other corporation if we own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more (by value) of the stock of such corporation.
We believe we likely will be classified as a PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, for calendar year 2007 and in future years. The determination of whether or not we are classified as a PFIC is a factual determination that is made annually based on the categories and amounts of income that we earn and the categories and valuation of our assets (including goodwill), all of which are subject to change. There is no assurance as to the categories of assets in which we may invest. Moreover, in calculating goodwill, the valuation of our assets may be based on our anticipated total market value, determined with reference to the market price of our ordinary shares or ADSs.
Assuming we are classified as a PFIC for 2007 or in any other future taxable year, you would be subject to special rules generally intended to reduce or eliminate any benefits from the deferral of United States federal income tax that a U.S. Holder could derive from investing in a non-United States company that does not distribute all of its earnings on a current basis. In such event, you may be subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates on (i) any gain recognized on the sale of the ordinary shares or ADSs and (ii) any “excess distribution” paid on ordinary shares or ADSs (generally, a distribution in excess of 125% of the average annual distributions paid by us in the three preceding taxable years). In addition, you may be subject to an interest charge on such gain or excess distribution. Finally, the 15% maximum rate on our dividends would not apply if we are or become a PFIC.
Assuming we are a PFIC, you would generally be able to avoid the “excess distribution” rules described above by making a timely so-called “mark-to-market” election with respect to your ADSs and ordinary shares provided our ADSs and ordinary shares are “marketable.” If you made this election in a timely fashion, you would recognize as ordinary income or ordinary loss the difference between the fair market value of your ADSs and ordinary shares on the first day of any taxable year and their value on the last day of that taxable year. Any ordinary income resulting from this election would generally be taxed at ordinary income rates and would not be eligible for the reduced rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income. Any ordinary losses would be limited to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of the mark-to-market election, if any. Your basis in the ADSs and ordinary shares would be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss.
We do not intend to provide you with the information you would need to make or maintain a so-called “Qualified Electing Fund” or “QEF” election. Accordingly, if we were a PFIC in any year you would not be able to avoid the “excess distribution” rules described above by making such an election with respect to your ADSs and ordinary shares.
You are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding the potential tax consequences to you assuming we are or become a PFIC, as well as any elections that may be available to you to mitigate such consequences.
Non-U.S. Holders
A Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on dividends paid by us with respect to our ordinary shares or ADSs unless the income is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States. In such cases, you generally will be taxed in the same manner as a U.S. Holder.
A Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other disposition of our ordinary shares or ADSs unless such gain is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States or the Non-U.S. Holder is a natural person who is present in the United States for 183 days or more and certain other conditions exist. In the first case, the Non- U.S. Holder will be taxed in the same manner as a U.S. Holder. In the second case, the Non-U.S. Holder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% on the amount by which such Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S.-source capital gains exceed such U.S.-source capital loss.
Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with a Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States generally will be subject to tax in the same manner as they would be if the Non-U.S. Holder were a U.S. Holder, except that the passive foreign investment company rules will not apply. Effectively connected dividends and gains received by a corporate Non-U.S. Holder may also be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a 30% rate or a lower tax treaty rate.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
In general, information reporting requirements will apply to dividends in respect of our ordinary shares or ADSs or the proceeds received on the sale, exchange or redemption of our ordinary shares or ADSs paid within the United States (and, in certain cases, outside the United States) to U.S. Holders other than certain exempt recipients, such as corporations, and backup withholding tax may apply to such amounts if the U.S. Holder fails to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number (or otherwise establishes, in the manner provided by law, an exemption from backup withholding) or to report interest and dividends required to be shown on the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax returns. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability provided that the appropriate returns are filed.
A Non-U.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreign status to the payor, under penalties of perjury, on IRS Form W-8BEN.
F. Dividends and paying agents
Not applicable.
G. Statement by experts
Not applicable.
H. Documents on display
We file annual reports with and furnish other information to the SEC as may be applicable from time to time. You may read and copy any documents filed or furnished by Actions at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room.
I. Subsidiary Information
Not applicable.
ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Risk.
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the interest income generated by our cash deposits in banks. We have not used derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio to hedge interest rate risks or otherwise. Interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. However, historically we have not been exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. Our future interest income may fluctuate in line with the changes in interest rates.
Foreign Exchange Risk.
Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar and virtually all of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars. Our operating expenses and substantially all of our assets and liabilities are denominated in Renminbi. As a result, we are exposed to foreign exchange risk, and our results of operations may be negatively impacted by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Renminbi. If the Renminbi appreciates against the U.S. dollar, our operating expenses will increase and, as a consequence, our operating margins and net income will likely decline. Since July 2005 the Renminbi is no longer pegged solely to the U.S. dollar. Instead, it was reported to be pegged against a basket of currencies, determined by the People’s Bank of China, against which it can rise or fall by as much as 0.3% each day. This volatility range was further expanded by the Peoples’s Bank of China by 0.5% each day since May 21, 2007. If the Renminbi had been 1% and 5% less valuable against the U.S. dollar than the actual rate as of December 31, 2007 which was used in preparing our audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007, our net asset value, as presented in U.S. dollars, would have been reduced by US$1.5 and US$7.1 million, respectively. Conversely, if the Renminbi had been 1% and 5% more valuable against the U.S. dollar as of that date, then our net asset value would have increased by US$1.5 and US$7.9 million, respectively.
We have experienced de minimis foreign exchange gains or losses in 2006 and a gain of US$ 5.2 million in 2007. In addition, we have recognized foreign currency translation adjustments of approximately US$3.2 and US$5.2 million in 2006 and 2007, respectively.
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
Not applicable.
PART II
ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
None.
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
We received net proceeds of approximately US$43.6 million from our initial public offering in November 2005, where we offered 6,000,000 American Depositary Shares, or ADSs, and certain of our shareholders offered an additional 3,000,000 ADSs. Each ADS represents six ordinary shares. As of March 31, 2008, we have used approximately US$22.8 million for capital expenditure including acquiring additional engineering tools, software and other intangible assets, and leasing a piece of land from the Zhuhai Bureau of Land Resources to set up our new corporate headquarters.
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We maintain a set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and terms.
Disclosure control and procedures. Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(c) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls procedures. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2007.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements. As of December 31, 2007, management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, management has determined that our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 is effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. During 2007, no change to our internal control over financial reporting occurred that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
The effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 has been audited by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, an independent registered public accounting firm with a report to the shareholders and the Board of Directors of the Company as below:
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS OF
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the "Group") as of December 31, 2007, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Group's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Group's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the Group maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements and the related financial statement schedule of the Group as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007 and our report dated April 21, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and the related financial statement schedule.
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
Hong Kong
April 21, 2008
ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Lin, Yu-Hsin Casper, the chairman of our audit committee and an independent, non-executive director, is a “financial expert” as defined under the applicable rules of the SEC issued pursuant to Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS
We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees. We have never granted a waiver for non-compliance with the policies and procedures set forth in the code of ethics for any director, officer or employee of our company or any of our subsidiaries.
A copy of our Code of Ethics is available at our website at www.action-semi.com
ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The table below summarizes the fees that we paid or accrued for services provided by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu for the years ended December 31, 2006, and 2007.
| | For the year ended December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | % | | 2007 | | % | |
| | (thousands) | | | | (thousands) | | | |
Audit Fees | | US$ | 664 | | | 74.5 | % | US$ | 615 | | | 99.7 | % |
Audit Related Fees | | | 225 | | | 25.3 | % | | Nil | | | - | |
Tax Fees | | | 2 | | | 0.2 | % | | 2 | | | 0.3 | % |
All Other Fees | | | Nil | | | - | | | Nil | | | - | |
Total | | US$ | 891 | | | 100.0 | % | US$ | 617 | | | 100.0 | % |
Audit Fees. This category includes the audit of our annual financial statements and services that are normally provided by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years.
Audit-Related Fees. Audit related fees consist of fees billed for the professional services rendered in connection with our registered offering and private placement for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Tax Fees. This category consists of professional services rendered by the Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu for tax compliance and tax advice. The services for the fees disclosed under this category include tax return preparation and technical tax advice.
All other Fees. There were no other fees billed by Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
All non-audit services need to be pre-approved by the Audit Committee on a case-by-case basis. Accordingly, we have not established any pre-approval policies and procedures. All audit and non-audit services performed by the Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.
ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
Not applicable.
ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.
In May 2007, our board of directors authorized a program to repurchase up to 8 million of our American Depositary Shares (ADSs) representing 48 million ordinary shares. Any shares acquired will be used in connection with our employee benefit plans and other general corporate purposes. We may repurchase shares in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. The timing and actual number of ADSs repurchased will depend upon market conditions and other factors, in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission requirements. This repurchase program has a term that will expire on December 31, 2008.
The following table sets forth our share repurchase activities as of March 31, 2008.
Period | | Total Number of ADSs purchased | | Average Price Paid per ADS | | Total Number of Shares Purchased | | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan | |
2007 | | | 1,303,647 | | US$ | 5.09 | | | 1,303,647 | | | 6,696,353 | |
January | | | — | | | | | | | | | | |
February | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
March | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
April | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
May | | | 163,311 | | | 6.13 | | | 163,311 | | | 7,836,689 | |
June | | | | | | | | | 163,311 | | | 7,836,689 | |
July | | | 387,600 | | | 5.17 | | | 550,911 | | | 7,449,089 | |
August | | | 162,780 | | | 4.85 | | | 713,691 | | | 7,286,309 | |
September | | | | | | | | | 713,691 | | | 7,286,309 | |
October | | | | | | | | | 713,691 | | | 7,286,309 | |
November | | | 589,956 | | | 4.82 | | | 1,303,647 | | | 6,696,353 | |
December | | | | | | | | | 1,303,647 | | | 6,696,353 | |
2008 | | | 148,476 | | US$ | 3.49 | | | 1,452,123 | | | 6,547,877 | |
January | | | 38,027 | | | 3.30 | | | 1,341,674 | | | 6,658,326 | |
February | | | 110,449 | | | 3.56 | | | 1,452,123 | | | 6,547,877 | |
March | | | | | | | | | 1,452,123 | | | 6,547,877 | |
ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company has elected to provide the financial statements and related information specified in Item 18 in lieu of Item 17.
ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
See Item 19(a) for a list of financial statements filed under Item 18.
ITEM 19. EXHIBITS
| Page |
(a) List of Financial Statements | |
| |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | F-2 |
| |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 | F-5 |
| |
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 | F-6 |
| |
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 | F-7 |
| |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 | F-8 |
| |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-9 |
| |
Schedule 1 - Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd. - condensed financial information as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 | F-31 |
(b) List of Exhibits
See Item 19(a) and Exhibits, which are incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-129208) filed with the Commission on October 24, 2005.
Exhibit 8.1 | List of Subsidiaries. |
| |
Exhibit 12.1 | Certification by the Chief Executive Officer in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
| |
Exhibit 12.2 | Certification by the Chief Financial Officer in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
| |
Exhibit 13.1 | Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer required by 18 U.S.C.ss.1350. |
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd. |
| |
By: | /s/ PEI-FEN (PATRICIA) CHOU |
Name: | Pei-Fen (Patricia) Chou |
Title: | Chief Financial Officer |
Date: April 21, 2008
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2007 AND
REPORTS OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
CONTENTS | | PAGE(S) |
| | |
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | | F - 2 |
| | |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 | | F - 5 |
| | |
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended | | |
December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 | | F - 6 |
| | |
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity and Comprehensive Income | | |
for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 | | F - 7 |
| | |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended | | |
December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 | | F - 8 |
| | |
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements | | F - 9 |
| | |
Schedule 1 - Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd. - condensed financial information | | F - 31 |
as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 | | |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS OF
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the "Group") as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for each of the three years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 and the related financial statement schedule included in Schedule 1. These financial statements and related financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Group's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and the related financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Group as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Group's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated April 21, 2008, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Group's internal control over financial reporting.
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
Hong Kong
April 21, 2008
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS OF
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the "Group") as of December 31, 2007, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Group's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Group's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company's principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company's board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDERS OF
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD. - continued
In our opinion, the Group maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements and the related financial statement schedule of the Group as of and for the year ended December 31, 2007 and our report dated April 21, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and the related financial statement schedule.
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
Hong Kong
April 21, 2008
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | At December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 137,778 | | $ | 72,054 | |
Time deposits | | | 45,713 | | | 2,613 | |
Restricted cash | | | - | | | 1,782 | |
Marketable securities | | | 20,531 | | | 165,317 | |
Accounts receivable, net | | | 5,859 | | | 6,046 | |
Notes receivable | | | 2,154 | | | 372 | |
Inventories | | | 6,280 | | | 12,542 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 6,413 | | | 2,479 | |
Amount due from an affiliate | | | 133 | | | - | |
Deferred tax assets | | | 662 | | | 739 | |
Total current assets | | | 225,523 | | | 263,944 | |
| | | | | | | |
Investment in an affiliate | | | 1,469 | | | - | |
Other investments | | | - | | | 7,760 | |
Rental deposits | | | 52 | | | 79 | |
Property, plant and equipment, net | | | 5,309 | | | 6,436 | |
Land use right | | | 1,440 | | | 1,509 | |
Acquired intangible assets, net | | | 3,787 | | | 5,849 | |
Deposit paid for acquisition of property, plant and equipment | | | 91 | | | 27 | |
TOTAL ASSETS | | $ | 237,671 | | $ | 285,604 | |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | $ | 15,715 | | $ | 12,334 | |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | | | 9,490 | | | 9,435 | |
Amounts due to shareholders | | | 10 | | | - | |
Other liabilities | | | 692 | | | 884 | |
Short-term bank loan | | | - | | | 1,519 | |
Income tax payable | | | 2,258 | | | 749 | |
Total current liabilities | | | 28,165 | | | 24,921 | |
| | | | | | | |
Other liabilities | | | - | | | 686 | |
Total liabilities | | | 28,165 | | | 25,607 | |
Minority interest | | | 486 | | | 204 | |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 16) | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Shareholders' equity: | | | | | | | |
Ordinary shares of par value $0.000001: | | | | | | | |
2,000,000,000 shares authorized | | | | | | | |
508,178,118 (2006: 516,000,000) shares issued and outstanding | | $ | 1 | | $ | 1 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 50,341 | | | 43,679 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | | | 4,396 | | | 9,628 | |
Retained earnings | | | 154,282 | | | 206,485 | |
Total shareholders' equity | | | 209,020 | | | 259,793 | |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | | $ | 237,671 | | $ | 285,604 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | |
System-on-a-chip products | | $ | 149,369 | | $ | 170,129 | | $ | 116,320 | |
Semiconductor product testing services | | | 253 | | | 99 | | | 308 | |
Total net revenues | | | 149,622 | | | 170,228 | | | 116,628 | |
Cost of revenues: | | | | | | | | | | |
System-on-a-chip products | | | (60,518 | ) | | (75,853 | ) | | (56,687 | ) |
Semiconductor product testing services | | | (68 | ) | | (58 | ) | | (231 | ) |
Total cost of revenues | | | (60,586 | ) | | (75,911 | ) | | (56,918 | ) |
Gross profit | | | 89,036 | | | 94,317 | | | 59,710 | |
Other operating income | | | 1,122 | | | 1,634 | | | 392 | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | |
Research and development | | | (7,825 | ) | | (9,773 | ) | | (12,381 | ) |
General and administrative | | | (8,968 | ) | | (8,663 | ) | | (10,485 | ) |
Selling and marketing | | | (1,375 | ) | | (1,626 | ) | | (1,880 | ) |
Total operating expenses | | | (18,168 | ) | | (20,062 | ) | | (24,746 | ) |
Income from operations | | | 71,990 | | | 75,889 | | | 35,356 | |
Other income | | | - | | | - | | | 11,570 | |
Interest income | | | 1,148 | | | 4,876 | | | 7,162 | |
Interest expense | | | (77 | ) | | (160 | ) | | (82 | ) |
Income before income taxes, equity in | | | | | | | | | | |
net (loss) income of an affiliate and | | | | | | | | | | |
minority interests | | | 73,061 | | | 80,605 | | | 54,006 | |
Income tax (expense) credit | | | 526 | | | (5,984 | ) | | (2,202 | ) |
Equity in net (loss) income of an affiliate | | | - | | | (156 | ) | | 179 | |
Minority interests | | | 18 | | | 96 | | | 220 | |
Net income | | $ | 73,605 | | $ | 74,561 | | $ | 52,203 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net income per share: Basic and diluted | | $ | 0.152 | | $ | 0.144 | | $ | 0.102 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Dividend declared per share | | $ | 0.041 | | $ | - | | $ | - | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average shares used in computation: | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted | | | 483,000,000 | | | 516,000,000 | | | 513,588,069 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | | Accumulated | | Accumulated | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | other | | (deficit) | | | | | |
| | Ordinary shares | | Additional | | comprehensive | | retained | | | | Comprehensive | |
| | Number | | Amount | | paid-in capital | | income | | earnings | | Total | | income | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, 2005 | | | 480,000,000 | | $ | - | | $ | 5,000 | | $ | 1 | | $ | 26,116 | | $ | 31,117 | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issue of shares upon the initial public | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
offering, net of offering expenses | | | 36,000,000 | | | 1 | | | 44,629 | | | - | | | - | | | 44,630 | | | - | |
Dividend | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | (20,000 | ) | | (20,000 | ) | | - | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 1,223 | | | - | | | 1,223 | | | 1,223 | |
Net income | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 73,605 | | | 73,605 | | | 73,605 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2005 | | | 516,000,000 | | $ | 1 | | $ | 49,629 | | $ | 1,224 | | $ | 79,721 | | $ | 130,575 | | $ | 74,828 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reversal of overprovision of | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
capitalized offering expenses | | | - | | | - | | | 712 | | | - | | | - | | | 712 | | | - | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 3,172 | | | - | | | 3,172 | | | 3,172 | |
Net income | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 74,561 | | | 74,561 | | | 74,561 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2006 | | | 516,000,000 | | $ | 1 | | $ | 50,341 | | $ | 4,396 | | $ | 154,282 | | $ | 209,020 | | $ | 77,733 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Repurchase of ordinary shares | | | (7,821,882 | ) | | - | | | (6,662 | ) | | - | | | - | | | (6,662 | ) | | - | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 5,231 | | | - | | | 5,231 | | | 5,231 | |
Unrealised gains on other investments | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 1 | | | - | | | 1 | | | 1 | |
Net income | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 52,203 | | | 52,203 | | | 52,203 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2007 | | | 508,178,118 | | $ | 1 | | $ | 43,679 | | $ | 9,628 | | $ | 206,485 | | $ | 259,793 | | $ | 57,435 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands of U.S. dollars)
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 73,605 | | $ | 74,561 | | $ | 52,203 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by | | | | | | | | | | |
operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment | | | 459 | | | 991 | | | 1,594 | |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets | | | 239 | | | 990 | | | 2,349 | |
Utilization of advance subsidy from local authorities of Zhuhai, | | | | | | | | | | |
the People's Republic of China (the "PRC") | | | (77 | ) | | (35 | ) | | (219 | ) |
(Gain) loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment | | | (52 | ) | | 65 | | | 320 | |
(Gain) on disposal of intangible assets | | | - | | | - | | | (18 | ) |
Minority interests | | | (18 | ) | | (96 | ) | | (220 | ) |
Deferred tax | | | (521 | ) | | (134 | ) | | (77 | ) |
Equity in net loss (income) of an affiliate | | | - | | | 156 | | | (179 | ) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable | | | (4,496 | ) | | 2,234 | | | (187 | ) |
Notes receivable | | | 103 | | | (420 | ) | | 1,828 | |
Inventories | | | (2,005 | ) | | 911 | | | (5,632 | ) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | (632 | ) | | (4,030 | ) | | 4,289 | |
Amount due from an affiliate | | | - | | | (133 | ) | | - | |
Income tax recoverable | | | (11 | ) | | 11 | | | - | |
Accounts payable | | | 3,243 | | | 2,184 | | | (4,023 | ) |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | | | 7,328 | | | (2,698 | ) | | (3,839 | ) |
Income tax payable | | | (25 | ) | | 2,258 | | | (1,557 | ) |
Rental deposit paid | | | - | | | (41 | ) | | (25 | ) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 77,140 | | | 76,774 | | | 46,607 | |
Investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment in an affiliate | | | (500 | ) | | (1,125 | ) | | - | |
Increase in other investments | | | - | | | - | | | (6,112 | ) |
Capital contribution from a minority shareholder | | | 600 | | | - | | | - | |
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment | | | 109 | | | 79 | | | 39 | |
Proceeds from disposal of intangible assets | | | - | | | - | | | 64 | |
Increase in marketable securities | | | - | | | (20,531 | ) | | (141,108 | ) |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment | | | (1,429 | ) | | (4,327 | ) | | (2,586 | ) |
Purchase of land use right | | | - | | | (1,466 | ) | | - | |
Purchase of intangible assets | | | (1,697 | ) | | (1,910 | ) | | (4,241 | ) |
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash | | | (2,478 | ) | | 2,563 | | | (1,626 | ) |
(Increase) decrease in time deposits | | | (23,172 | ) | | (21,471 | ) | | 44,423 | |
Cash used in investing activities | | | (28,567 | ) | | (48,188 | ) | | (111,147 | ) |
Financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from short-term bank loans | | | 2,374 | | | 5,291 | | | 1,431 | |
Repayment of short-term bank loans | | | - | | | (7,665 | ) | | - | |
Advance subsidy from local authorities of Zhuhai, the PRC | | | 124 | | | 447 | | | 1,039 | |
Issue of shares | | | 44,630 | | | - | | | - | |
Repurchase of ordinary shares | | | - | | | - | | | (6,662 | ) |
Amounts due to shareholders | | | - | | | 77,377 | | | - | |
Repayment of amounts due to shareholders | | | - | | | (77,367 | ) | | (10 | ) |
Dividend paid | | | (20,000 | ) | | - | | | - | |
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | 27,128 | | | (1,917 | ) | | (4,202 | ) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | | | 1,182 | | | 2,213 | | | 3,018 | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 76,883 | | | 28,882 | | | (65,724 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year | | | 32,013 | | | 108,896 | | | 137,778 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year | | $ | 108,896 | | $ | 137,778 | | $ | 72,054 | |
Supplemental cash flow information: | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash paid during the period for: | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest | | $ | (77 | ) | $ | (160 | ) | $ | (82 | ) |
Income taxes | | $ | (31 | ) | $ | (3,849 | ) | $ | (3,785 | ) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data and unless otherwise stated)
1. | ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES |
| Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd ("Actions Semiconductor Cayman Islands" or "the Company") is a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands on July 27, 2005. |
| Another company, Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd. ("Actions Semiconductor Mauritius") was incorporated under the laws of Mauritius on November 21, 2001. On December 28, 2001, Actions Semiconductor Mauritius established a wholly-owned subsidiary in the People's Republic of China ("PRC") namely, Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd ("Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai"). |
| On August 17, 2005, Actions Semiconductor Cayman Islands issued 480 million ordinary shares in exchange of the 3 million ordinary shares of Actions Semiconductors Mauritius. The shareholders of Actions Semiconductor Mauritius became the holders of 100% of the outstanding shares of Actions Semiconductor Cayman Islands in proportion to their interests in Actions Semiconductor Mauritius. |
| The exchange was accounted for as a reverse merger and the financial statements of Actions Semiconductor Cayman Islands presents the historical results, assets and liabilities of Actions Semiconductor Mauritius on the consummation of the reverse merger on the basis that Actions Semiconductor Mauritius was the accounting acquiror. Prior to the exchange, Actions Semiconductor Cayman Islands was a shell company which contained only insignificant amount of assets and no liabilities. |
| At December 31, 2007, the subsidiaries of the Company include the following: |
| | Place and date of | | Attributable equity | | |
Name of Company | | incorporation/establishment | | interest held | | Principal activities |
| | | | | | |
Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd. | | Republic of Mauritius | | 100% | | Investment holding |
("Actions Semiconductor Mauritius") | | ("Mauritius") | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Actions Semiconductor Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | 100% | | Design and manu- |
("Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai") | | | | | | facture of system- |
| | | | | | on-a-chip products |
| | | | | | |
Actions Technology (HK) Company | | Hong Kong | | 100% | | Trading of system-on- |
Limited ("Actions Hong Kong") | | | | | | a-chip products |
| | | | | | |
Actions Enterprise (HK) Co., Ltd. | | Hong Kong | | 100% | | Investment holding |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Actions Microelectronics Co., Ltd. | | Hong Kong | | 100% | | Trading of system-on- |
| | | | | | a-chip products |
| | | | | | |
Artek Microelectrics Co., Ltd. | | The BVI | | 100% | | Investment holding |
("Artek Microelectrics BVI") | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Beijing Actions North | | PRC | | 80% | | Research and |
Microelectronics Co., Ltd. | | | | | | development |
("Beijing Actions") | | | | | | |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES - continued
| | Place and date of | | Attributable equity | | |
Name of Company | | incorporation/establishment | | interest held | | Principal activities |
| | | | | | |
Artek Microelectronics (HK) Co., Limited | | Hong Kong | | 100% | | Trading of system- |
| | | | | | on-a-chip products |
| | | | | | |
Actions Capital Investment Inc. | | The BVI | | 100% | | Investment |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
Artek Microelectronics Co., Ltd. | | PRC | | 100% | | Design and manu- |
("Artek Microelectronics Shenzhen") | | | | | | facture of system-on- |
| | | | | | a-chip products |
| | | | | | |
Actions Investment Consulting (Shanghai) | | PRC | | 100% | | Investment consulting |
Co., Ltd. ("Actions Investment Consulting") | | | | | | and management |
| Actions Semiconductor Cayman Islands and its subsidiaries (the "Group") are principally engaged in the design and development of System-on-a-chip ("SoC") products and total solutions for the development and manufacture of portable media players and the provision of testing solutions. The Group's total solutions include SoCs, solution development kits and detailed specifications of other required components and the providers of those components. The Group's total solutions enable its customers to quickly introduce new portable audio and video players, that play multimedia files, which have been compressed to a fraction of their size using any one of a number of audio and video compression technologies. |
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
| The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). |
| The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated on consolidation. |
| The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The significant accounting estimates, which have had an impact on the Group's consolidated financial statements, include revenue recognition, allowances for doubtful accounts, write-down of obsolete inventories, and provision for litigation claims. |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, demand deposits and highly liquid investments which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use, and which have maturities of three months or less when purchased. |
| Time deposits consist of deposits placed with financial institutions with original maturity terms of greater than three months but less than one year. |
| At December 31, 2006, the Group did not have any restricted cash. At December 31, 2007, the Group placed $1,782 on deposit with a bank in connection with a short-term bank loan granted to the Group which was subsequently repaid (see Note 11 for additional details). |
| Marketable securities are highly liquid investments which have maturities of one year or less when purchased. Marketable securities are classified as held-to-maturity as the Group has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. All of the Group’s held-to-maturity securities are classified as marketable securities on the consolidated balance sheets based on their contractual maturity dates which are less than one year and are stated at their amortized costs. |
| Notes receivable represent bank and commercial acceptance drafts that are arranged by the customers, through their financial institutions in order to settle their accounts payable to the Group. Such notes receivable are non-interest bearing and due within the arranged credit terms, which are typically 180 days or less. |
| Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. |
| Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. Write down of obsolete or slow-moving inventories is recorded based on management's assumptions about future demand and market conditions. |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| Other investments are investment in equity securities and is classified as either trading or available-for-sale securities depending on the Group's intention on holding this investment. If the securities have fair market value but are planned for long term holding, the investment is reported at fair value and its unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings and reported in a separate component of shareholder's equity. Equity securities that do not have fair market value are carried at cost. Decline in the far value of investments below cost that are other then temporary are reflected in earning as realized losses. Fair values of equity securities carried at cost are estimated if there are identified events or circumstances that may have significant adverse effects on the fair value of the investment. |
| Property, plant and equipment, net |
| Property, plant and equipment, net are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives: |
Buildings | 20 years |
Leasehold improvements | Shorter of the lease terms or 3 years |
Furniture, fixtures and equipment | 5 years |
Motor vehicles | 5 years |
Plant and machinery | 3 to 5 years |
Land use right
Land use right represents prepayments made to obtain land under operating lease arrangements. Land use right is recongised as an expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease period of 50 years. Land use right expenses for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 were nil, $26 and $31, respectively.
| Acquired intangible assets, net |
| Acquired intangible assets, net consist of purchased software and technology licenses, have definite lives and are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over their expected useful economic lives, which ranges between two to ten years. |
| Impairment of long-lived assets |
| The Group reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. When these events occur, the Group measures impairment by comparing the carrying value of the long-lived assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying amount of the assets, the Group would recognize an impairment loss based on the fair value of the assets. |
| Government subsidies include cash subsidies and advance subsidies received from the local PRC governments in Zhuhai by Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai and in Beijing by Beijing Actions. Cash subsidies are recognized as other income when received and when all the conditions for their receipt have been met. Cash subsidies recognized as income were $391, $280 and $10 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. |
| Advance subsidies received from the government have been recorded in other liabilities. A certain portion of such advance subsidies are repayable and another portion will be recognized as other income when and if Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai incurs interest expense on bank borrowings (see note 12 for additional details). |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| The Group's revenues are primarily derived from sale of SoC products and their total system solutions, which it designs and develops, at its own expense. The Group recognizes revenue based on firm customer orders with fixed terms and conditions, including price net of discount and commission, if any. The Group recognizes revenue when delivery has occurred and collectibility is determined to be reasonably assured. The Group also provides semiconductor product testing, and revenue is recognized when the services are rendered. The Group does not provide its customers with any price protection and only provides the right of return for defective goods in connection with its warranty policy. The costs of the Group's warranty policy to-date have been insignificant. |
| Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements, net operating loss carryforwards and credits by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities. |
| Effective January 1, 2007, the Group adopted the Financial Accounting Standard Board ("FASB") Interpretation No. 48, "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109" ("FIN 48"), which clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise's financial statements. The interpretation prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides accounting guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. There is no material impact of FIN 48 on the Group's consolidated financial statements. |
| Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in selling and marketing expenses, and general and administrative expenses. Total advertising expenses were approximately $94, $183 and $414 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 respectively. |
| Comprehensive income includes net income, foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains on other investments and are reported in the consolidated statements of shareholders' equity and comprehensive income. |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| Foreign currency translation |
| All transactions in currencies other than functional currencies during the year are remeasured at the exchange rates prevailing on the respective transaction dates. Monetary assets and liabilities existing at the balance sheet date denominated in currencies other than functional currencies are remeasured at the exchange rates existing on that date. Exchange differences are recorded in the consolidated statement of operations. |
| The financial statements of all subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollars, the reporting currency, are translated into U.S. dollars. All assets and liabilities are translated at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date and all income and expense items are translated at the average rates of exchange over the year. All exchange differences arising from the translation of subsidiaries' financial statements are recorded as a component of comprehensive income. |
| Fair value of financial instruments |
| Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, restricted cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable, notes receivable, amount due from an affiliate, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, amounts due to shareholders, other liabilities and short-term bank loan. Except for other liabilities, the carrying values of financial instrument items approximate their fair values due to their short-term maturities. Please refer to note 12 for the estimated fair value of other liabilities. |
| Concentration of credit risk |
| Financial instruments that potentially expose the Group to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, restricted cash, accounts receivable and notes receivable. The Group places its cash and cash equivalents, time deposits, and restricted cash with financial institutions with high-credit ratings and quality. |
| The account receivables and notes receivables balances largely represent amounts due from the Group's principal customers with high credit ratings. The Group conducts credit evaluations of customers and generally does not require collateral or other security from its customers. The Group establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon estimates, factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers and other information. As a result of the Group's credit evaluation, combined with its success in collecting approximately 100% of its outstanding account receivables and notes receivables at December 31, 2005 and 2006, no allowance for doubtful accounts was recorded at December 31, 2005 and 2006. For the year ended December 31, 2007, an allowance for doubtful accounts of $282 was recorded by the Group, and the remaining outstanding balances were collected subsequently. As a consequence, concentrations of credit risk are limited. |
| The Group conducted a Share Repurchase Program to buyback its own American Depository Shares. The main purpose of this repurchase program is for employee stock based compensation plans. The shares are held in treasury and reported as reduction in stockholder's equity in the balance sheet. |
| Treasury stock is recorded at cost method. The cost of treasury stock is deducted from additional paid-in capital. As of December 31, 2007, the cost of treasury stock was $6,662. For the year ended December 31, 2007, total number of shares repurchased is 7,821,882 (or 1,303,647 American Depositary Shares "ADS") with weighted average cost of $5.09 per ADS. |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. No diluted net income per ordinary share is presented since there is no additional dilution from stock issuable. |
| Recently issued accounting pronouncements |
| In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, "Fair Value Measurement". SFAS No. 157 addresses standardizing the measurement of fair value for companies who are required to use a fair value measure for recognition or disclosure purposes. The FASB defines fair value as "the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date." SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Group is evaluating the impact, if any, of the adoption of SFAS No. 157. It is not expected to have a material impact on the Group's financial position, results of operations and cash flows. |
| In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, "The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities". SFAS No. 159 permits an entity, on a contract-by-contract basis, to make an irrevocable election to account for certain types of financial instruments at fair value, rather than historical cost, with changes in the fair value, whether realized or unrealized, recognized in earnings. SFAS No. 159 is effective for financial year beginning on or after November 15, 2007. The Group is evaluating the impact, if any, of the adoption of SFAS No. 159 . It is not expected to have a material impact on the Group's financial position, results of operations and cash flows. |
| In 2007, the EITF of FASB issued EITF Issue 07-3, "Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services Received for Use in Future Research and Development Activities" ("EITF 07-3"). EITF reached a consensus that nonrefundable advance payments to acquire goods or pay for services that will be consumed or performed in a future period in conducting research and development activities on behalf of the entity should be recorded as an asset when the advance payments are made. Capitalized amounts should be recognized as expense when the related goods are delivered or services are performed, that is, when the goods without alternative future use are acquired or the service is rendered. EITF 07-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007. The Group is evaluating the impact, if any, of the adoption of EITF 07-3. It is not expected to have a material impact on the Group's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. |
| In December 2007, FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), "Business Combinations" ("SFAS No. 141R"). The objective of SFAS No. 141R is to improve the relevance, representational faithfulness, and comparability of the information that a reporting entity provides in its financial reports about a business combination and its effects. SFAS No. 141R is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Group is evaluating the impact, if any, of the adoption of SFAS No. 141R. It is not expected to have a material impact on the Group's financial position, results of operations and cash flows. |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
2. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| Recently issued accounting pronouncements - continued |
| In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, "Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Financial Statements". SFAS No. 160 amends Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, "Consolidated Financial Statements", to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS No. 160 defines "a noncontrolling interest, sometimes called a minority interest, is the portion of equity in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to a parent". The objective of SFAS No. 160 is to improve the relevance, comparability, and transparency of the financial information that a reporting entity provides in its consolidated financial statements. SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Group is evaluating the impact, if any, of the adoption of SFAS No. 160. In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, "Disclosures About Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities", an amendment of FASB statement No. 133. The new standard requires enhanced disclosures to help investors better understand the effect of an entity's derivative instruments and related hedging activities on its financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Statement 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early application encouraged. The Company will adopt SFAS No. 161 on January 1, 2009. |
| The Group's marketable securities represented held-to-maturity securities with various banks or trustee in the PRC. As of December 31, 2007, the Group had $165,317 (2006: $20,531) held-to-maturity securities with maturities of less than one year. The aggregate fair value of the held-to-maturity securities approximate to its carrying value at December 31, 2006 and 2007. |
| Inventories consist of the following: |
| | At December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | | | | |
Raw materials | | $ | 2,209 | | $ | 4,042 | |
Work in progress | | | 624 | | | 1,236 | |
Finished goods | | | 3,447 | | | 7,264 | |
| | $ | 6,280 | | $ | 12,542 | |
| Slow moving inventories amounting to $46, $41 and $451 were written down for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. |
5. | PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following: |
| | At December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | | | | |
Prepaid expenses | | $ | 274 | | $ | 284 | |
Value added tax refundable | | | 5,147 | | | 1,917 | |
Others | | | 992 | | | 278 | |
| | $ | 6,413 | | $ | 2,479 | |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
6. | INVESTMENT IN AN AFFILIATE |
| As of December 31, 2005, the Group held 8% of equity interest in Hi-Trend Investment Holding Co., Ltd ("Hi Trend") for $500. |
| Hi-Trend is a private company which designs, manufactures, and markets integrated circuit devices, including for energy meters and organic light emitting diode displays incorporated in portable electronics. |
| In March 2006, the Group acquired an additional 10% of equity interest in Hi-Trend for cash of $1,125. The Group exercised significant influence but did not control Hi-Trend, and the investment in Hi-Trend was accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The equity in net loss of an affiliate amounted to approximately $156 for year ended December 31, 2006. In addition, in May 2006 the Group entered into an agreement with a subsidiary of Hi-Trend pursuant to which it licensed the Group's energy metering SoC technology in exchange for a royalty fee under an installment plan. Hi-Trend completed the license royalty payment plan in 2007. |
| Effective November 2007, the Group ceased to exercise its significant influence on Hi-Trend. In December 2007, Hi-Trend increased the capital by $100 million from its other share holders. Consequently, the Group's holding in Hi-Trend decreased from 18% to 15% and was recorded as other investments under the cost method of accounting as of December 31, 2007. |
| | At December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | | | | |
Listed investments: | | | | | | | |
- Equity securities listed in Taiwan | | $ | - | | $ | 82 | |
Unlisted securities | | | - | | | 7,678 | |
| | $ | - | | $ | 7,760 | |
| For the listed investments, it represented the Group's debt and equity securities not classified as either held-to-maturity securities or trading securities and are classified as available-for-sale securities. The investment is reported at fair value and its unrealized gains and losses are excluded from earnings and reported in a separate component of shareholder's equity. As of December 31, 2007, the difference between the fair value and the cost of the listed securities of the Group amounted to $1. |
| The above unlisted securities represent investments in unlisted equity securities issued by private entities. They are measured using the cost method of accounting as the Group does not have significant influence over these business and operations. The Group carries the investment at cost and recognizes as income any dividends received from a distribution of investees' earnings. The Group reviews the investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may no longer be recoverable. The Group recognized no impairment loss on other investments in 2005, 2006 and 2007. |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
8. | PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET |
| Property, plant and equipment, net consist of the following: |
| | At December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | | | | |
Buildings | | $ | 38 | | $ | 227 | |
Leasehold improvements | | | 39 | | | 171 | |
Furniture, fixtures and equipment | | | 1,592 | | | 2,237 | |
Motor vehicles | | | 176 | | | 488 | |
Plant and machinery | | | 5,107 | | | 6,655 | |
Total | | | 6,952 | | | 9,778 | |
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization | | | (1,643 | ) | | (3,342 | ) |
Property, plant and equipment, net | | $ | 5,309 | | $ | 6,436 | |
| The Group has recorded depreciation and amortization expenses of $459, $965 and $1,563 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. |
9. | ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET |
Acquired intangible assets, net consist of the following:
| | At December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Cost: | | | | | | | |
Purchased software | | $ | 3,513 | | $ | 6,424 | |
Technology licenses | | | 1,537 | | | 3,153 | |
| | | 5,050 | | | 9,577 | |
Accumulated amortization: | | | | | | | |
Purchased software | | | (845 | ) | | (2,473 | ) |
Technology licenses | | | (418 | ) | | (1,255 | ) |
| | | (1,263 | ) | | (3,728 | ) |
Acquired intangible assets, net | | $ | 3,787 | | $ | 5,849 | |
| The intangible assets of the Group mainly consist of purchased software which is used to support the administration of the business and technology licenses acquired for the purpose of utilizing certain intellectual property held by third parties. |
| The Group has recorded amortization expense of $239, $990 and $2,349 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Intangible asset amortization expense is estimated to be $2,830, $1,930, $621, $59 and $59 for the 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 fiscal years, respectively. |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
10. | ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following:
| | At December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | | | | |
Accrued wages and bonuses | | $ | 5,148 | | $ | 4,833 | |
Accrued legal and professional fees | | | 1,378 | | | 130 | |
Payables for acquisition of intangible assets | | | 880 | | | 1,379 | |
Royalty fees payable | | | 870 | | | 546 | |
Accrued consulting fees | | | - | | | 1,000 | |
Accrued insurance | | | 288 | | | 210 | |
Accrued promotion fees | | | - | | | 206 | |
Others | | | 926 | | | 1,131 | |
| | $ | 9,490 | | $ | 9,435 | |
In 2007, Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai entered into a bank loan secured with restricted cash and bearing interest at 5.134% as December 31, 2007. The balance of this new bank loan as of December 31, 2007 was $1,519 and has been subsequently repaid on January 2008.
| The local authorities in Zhuhai, the PRC, operate certain government subsidy programs which are intended to encourage companies to invest in the high technology industry in Zhuhai. |
| Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai was granted an advance of $124 during the year ended December 31, 2005 of which any unutilized amount was repayable in year 2007. This interest free advance is intended to subsidize Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai to cover interest expense on bank borrowings. |
| For the year ended December 31, 2006, the unutilized amount of $38 of the advance granted in 2004 was repaid in January 2007 and thus classified under current liabilities as of December 31, 2006. In addition, Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai was further granted a cash advance of $530 during the year ended December 31, 2006. This interest free cash advance is intended to subsidize Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai's research and development costs and will be recognized as other income when all the conditions for their receipt have been met. |
| For the year ended December 31, 2007, $219 out of $1,570 of the advance granted in 2004 was utilized to cover interest expense on a short-term bank loan and has been recorded as other income in the consolidated statements of operations. In addition, the Group was further granted a cash advance of $1,077 during the year ended December 31, 2007. These interest free cash advances are intended to subsidize the research and development costs of Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai and Beijing Actions, and will be recognized as other income when all the conditions for their receipt have been met. As of December 31, 2007, the balance of other liabilities was $1,570, of which $884 are repayable within one year and $686 are repayable in 2009 and therefore are recorded in non-current liabilities. |
| The estimated fair value of the advances granted to Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai and Beijing Actions based on market interest rates was approximately $667 and $1,476 at December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
| The Group has recorded other income of Nil, Nil and $11,570 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Other income for 2007 consists of foreign exchange gains of $5,624 and a reinvestment incentive of $5,946. |
| Under the scheme by the Municipal Bureau of Tax Zhuhai, which encourages reinvestment of earnings, it allows tax paid in prior years to be fully or partly refunded, depending on certain qualifications of the tax payer. As a result of Actions Mauritius's injection of undistributed profit earned in 2006, the Group received a refund amounting $5,946. One of the conditions for the tax refund is that the reinvestment can not be withdrawn within five years. During this period, the repatriation of the invested capital will be restricted and the Group does not intend to withdraw the reinvested capital at any time before December 2012. |
14. | INCOME TAX (EXPENSE) CREDIT The components of income before income taxes, equity in net (loss) income of an affiliate and minority interest are as follows: |
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Domestic | | $ | (2,361 | ) | $ | (930 | ) | $ | (2,347 | ) |
Foreign | | | 75,962 | | | 81,535 | | | 56,353 | |
| | $ | 73,061 | | $ | 80,605 | | $ | 54,006 | |
| The Company is a tax exempt company incorporated in Cayman Islands and is not subject to taxation under the current Cayman Islands law. |
| Under the current Mauritius law, Actions Semiconductor Mauritius' income is subject to taxation; however, to date the entity has not had any taxable profits; while under the current BVI law, the income of Artek Microelectrics BVI and Actions Capital Investment Inc. are not subject to taxation. |
| Actions Investment Consulting commenced operations in 2007 and did not make any taxable income for the year ended December 31, 2007. |
| Companies such as Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai are generally subject to a 30% foreign enterprise income tax ("FEIT"), and a 3% local income tax. However, Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai was established in the Zhuhai Special Economic Zone ("Zhuhai Economic Zone") of China as a foreign investment enterprise and principally conducts its business operations in this Zhuhai Economic Zone. Therefore, it is subject to a reduced FEIT rate of 15%. In addition, Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai is a production oriented enterprise and exempted from FEIT for its first two years of profitable operations after offsetting prior years' tax losses and is entitled to a 50% reduction in its FEIT for the following three years as approved by the tax authorities in accordance with the China Income Tax Law for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises and its Implementation Rules issued in 1991. Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai is exempted from 3% local income tax during the above preferential tax treatment period of five years pursuant to the Rules Concerning Exemption or Reduction of Local Income Tax for Foreign Invested Enterprises issued by the People's Government of Guangdong Province issued in 1992. |
| As a result of such preferential tax treatments, Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai was exempted from FEIT in the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, which were the first and second year Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai achieved profitable operations after offsetting prior years' tax losses. Thereafter, Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai benefited from a 50% reduction of FEIT rate, which was 7.5%, in each of two years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, and will be 9% for the year ending December 31, 2008. However, there would be no effect on the Group's financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
14. | INCOME TAXES (EXPENSE) CREDIT - continued |
| Artek Microelectronics Shenzhen was established in the PRC in March 2006, and is generally subject to a 30% foreign enterprise income tax ("FEIT"), and a 3% local income tax. However, Artek Microelectronics Shenzhen was established in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone ("Shenzhen Economic Zone") of China as a foreign investment enterprise and principally conducts its business operations in this Shenzhen Economic Zone. Therefore, it is subject to the reduced FEIT rate of 15% and is exempted from FEIT for its first two years of profitable operations after offsetting prior years' tax losses and is entitled to a 50% reduction in its FEIT for the following three years as approved by the tax authorities in accordance with the China Income Tax Law for Enterprises with Foreign Investment and Foreign Enterprises and its Implementation Rules issued in 1991. In addition, Artek Microelectronics Shenzhen is exempted from 3% local income tax during the above preferential tax treatment period of five years pursuant to the Rules Concerning Exemption or Reduction of Local Income Tax for Foreign Invested Enterprises issued by the People's Government of Guangdong Province issued in 1992. Artek Microelectronics Shenzhen was in loss making position for the year ended December 31, 2006 and has turned to profit, after offsetting prior year's tax losses, for the year ended December 31, 2007. As such, the preferential tax treatments commenced in 2007. Artek Microelectornics Shenzhen was exempted from FEIT in the year ended December 31, 2007 and expects to be exempted from FEIT in the year ended December 31, 2008. Furthermore, if Artek Microelectronics Shenzhen sustains its qualification of "High Tech Enterprise," it can expect to benefit from a 50% reduction of FEIT rate. Under the newly promulgated enterprise income tax law which will become effective from January 1, 2008, the preferential tax treatments for the Shenzhen Economic Zone may be subject to upcoming detailed regulations and interpretations. However, there would be no effect on the Group's financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. |
| Effective January 1, 2008, the new "Law of the People's Republic of China on Enterprise Income Tax" was implemented. The new law requires that: |
| 1. | For all resident enterprises, domestic or foreign, the Enterprise Income Tax rate is unified 25%. |
| 2. | Enterprises that are categorized as the "High Tech Enterprise" will have a reduced tax rate of 15%. |
| 3. | From January 1, 2008 onwards, enterprises that enjoyed a preferential tax rate before, will need to adopt the new law within the next five years. Specifically; enterprises with a current preferential tax rate of 15%, the tax rate will be 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, and 25% for the years ended December 31 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. |
| The new law allows the preferential tax treatment to be used by enterprises up until it is fully utilized. But those enterprises that have yet to use the preferential tax treatment, the starting period will be forced from 2008. |
| Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai continues to use the preferential tax treatment. In 2008, the tax rate is 18% and by applying its final year of preferential tax treatment, which reduces the income tax rate by 50% for three years, the applicable tax rate will be 9%. Starting from 2009, if Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai continues to be classified as "Hi-Tech Enterprises", the tax rate will be 15%. Or, the tax rate of Actions Semiconductor Zhuhai will be 20%, 22%, 24% for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively, and 25% thereafter. |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
14. | INCOME TAXES (EXPENSE) CREDIT - continued |
| Artek Microelectronics Shenzhen started using the tax preferential treatment in 2007. As such, it will be exempted from income tax in 2008. From 2009 to 2011, the income tax rate will be reduced by 50%, thus the income tax will be 10%, 11%, 12% for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. Artek Microelectronics Shenzhen was classified as "Hi Tech Enterprises" in 2007. If Artek continues with this classification, an income tax rate of 15% will be applied. Otherwise, the normal 25% income tax rate will be applied. |
| Beijing Actions North Microelectronics Co. Ltd. ("Beijing Actions") had no taxable profit in 2007. Under the new income tax law, it requires that the preferential tax treatment be applied from 2008 even if it still has no taxable profit. As such, Beijing Actions will be exempted from income tax in 2008 and 2009. From 2010 to 2012, the income tax rate will be reduced by 50%, thus the rate of each year will be 11%, 12%, and 12.5%, respectively. Beijing Actions was classified as "Hi Tech Enterprises" in 2006. The Company believes that Beijing Actions will continue to be classified under this category. From 2013 onwards, if this classification is still applied, then the income tax rate will be 15%. Otherwise, the rate will be 25%. |
| Actions Hong Kong and Artek Microelectronics (HK) Co., Limited are subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax at a rate of 17.5%. However, no tax is payable on the taxable profit of Actions Hong Kong for the year arising in Hong Kong since its taxable profit is wholly absorbed by the tax losses brought forward; while no taxable profit has generated from Artek Microelectronics (HK) Co., Limited since the commencement of its operations. |
| The current and deferred components of the foreign income tax expense (credit) appearing in the consolidated statements of operations are as follows: |
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | | | | | | |
Current tax | | $ | (5 | ) | $ | 6,118 | | $ | 2,279 | |
Deferred tax | | | (521 | ) | | (134 | ) | | (77 | ) |
| | $ | (526 | ) | $ | 5,984 | | $ | 2,202 | |
| The Group's deferred tax assets as at December 31, 2006 and 2007 are attributable to the following: |
| | At December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | | | | |
Expenditures deductible for tax purpose in future years | | | | | | | |
- Accrued legal and professional fees | | $ | 39 | | $ | 20 | |
- Accrued bonus | | | 383 | | | 273 | |
- Other | | | 43 | | | 31 | |
Tax losses | | | 466 | | | 814 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 8 | | | 12 | |
| | | 939 | | | 1,150 | |
Valuation allowance | | | (277 | ) | | (411 | ) |
Total deferred tax assets, net | | $ | 662 | | $ | 739 | |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
14. | INCOME TAXES (EXPENSE) CREDIT - continued |
| A valuation allowance has been provided for Actions Hong Kong since realization of the recorded deferred tax assets is dependent on generating sufficient taxable income in Actions Hong Kong. As management does not believe that it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax asset attributable to Actions Hong Kong will be realized, a full valuation allowance of $277 and $411 has been established at December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2007, respectively in respect of the related deferred tax asset of this subsidiary. |
| At December 31, 2007, the Group tax loss carryforwards of $4,021. As of December 31, 2007, the Company's PRC subsidiaries had tax losses of approximately $1,673 that will expire five years from the respective financial years incurring the losses. Other losses may be carried forward indefinitely. |
| The Group did not have any deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2006 and 2007. |
| The additional tax that would have been payable without the tax exemption and preferential income tax rate amounts to approximately $12,165, $6,206 and $4,284 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively, representing a decrease in the basic earnings per share of $0.025, $0.012 and $0.008 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. |
| A reconciliation between the provision for income tax computed by PRC enterprise income tax rate of 15% to income before income taxes, equity in net (loss) income of an affiliate and minority interests, and actual provision for income taxes is as follows: |
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Tax provision at PRC enterprise income tax rate | | | | | | | | | | |
of 15% | | $ | 10,959 | | $ | 12,091 | | $ | 8,101 | |
Expenses not deductible for tax purpose | | | 745 | | | 477 | | | 764 | |
Income not taxable for tax purposes | | | (77 | ) | | (519 | ) | | (2,393 | ) |
Effect of valuation allowance on deferred tax assets | | | 44 | | | 233 | | | 134 | |
Effect of tax exemption and preferential income | | | | | | | | | | |
tax rate granted to PRC subsidiaries | | | (12,165 | ) | | (6,206 | ) | | (4,284 | ) |
Effect of the different income tax rates in other | | | | | | | | | | |
jurisdictions | | | (3 | ) | | (111 | ) | | (121 | ) |
Overprovision of taxation | | | (10 | ) | | - | | | - | |
Others | | | (19 | ) | | 19 | | | 1 | |
Income tax expense (credit) | | $ | (526 | ) | $ | 5,984 | | $ | 2,202 | |
Income not taxable for tax purposes included tax effect of foreign exchange gains of $5,624 and reinvestment incentive of $5,946.
The Group adopted the provisions of FIN 48 effective January 1, 2007. Based on its FIN 48 analysis, the Group has made its assessment of the level of tax authority for each tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and has measured the unrecognized tax benefits associated with the tax positions. As of January 1, 2007, the adoption of FIN 48 did not have an impact on the Group’s financial statements. As a result, there was no cumulative effect related to adopting FIN 48. The Group has no additional material uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2007 or unrecognized tax benefit which would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in future periods. The Group classifies interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The Group does not anticipate any significant increases or decreases to its liability for unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
15. | SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION |
| The Group's chief operating decision maker has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer. The Group does not specifically identify and allocate any assets by operating segment nor does management evaluate operating segment using discrete asset information. The chief operating decision maker makes use of gross profit margin of different products and services as the Group's reporting segment since it is impractical to allocate operating expenses to each reporting segment when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Group. |
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Revenue: | | | | | | | | | | |
MMP SoC for portable media players | | $ | 146,619 | | $ | 168,907 | | $ | 116,320 | |
Energy metering SoC | | | 1,865 | | | 1,222 | | | - | |
TxRx SoC for remote control toy cars | | | 885 | | | - | | | - | |
Testing solutions | | | 253 | | | 99 | | | 308 | |
| | $ | 149,622 | | $ | 170,228 | | $ | 116,628 | |
Gross profit: | | | | | | | | | | |
MMP SoC for portable media players | | $ | 87,779 | | $ | 93,694 | | $ | 59,633 | |
Energy metering SoC | | | 1,043 | | | 582 | | | - | |
TxRx SoC for remote control toy cars | | | 29 | | | - | | | - | |
Testing solutions | | | 185 | | | 41 | | | 77 | |
| | $ | 89,036 | | $ | 94,317 | | $ | 59,710 | |
| The Group operates in China/Hong Kong and all of the Group's long-lived assets are located in China/Hong Kong and substantially all of our sales are made in China/Hong Kong. |
16. | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES |
| | The Group leases certain office premises under non-cancelable leases with terms that range from one to two years and are renewable subject to negotiation. Rental expense under operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 was $124, $362 and $600, respectively. |
| | Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements on December 31, 2007 were $767 of which $546 and $221 are payable in the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively. |
| | Capital commitments for purchase of property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2007 was $572. |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
16. | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - continued |
| (c) | Royalty fee commitments |
| | The Group has entered into several royalty agreements for the use of certain technology know-how ("Technology Knowhow") used in the Group's products. |
| | The Group paid a fixed amount of royalty for each of the Group's products sold which used Technology Knowhow A, where the minimum quarterly royalty fee commitment was $500. This agreement has been terminated in December 2007. |
| | In March 2005, the Group entered into a royalty agreement ("Agreement") for the use of Technology Knowhow B for a period of three years, effective from March 2005 ("Effective date"), and will automatically be renewed for an additional year unless notice of non-renewal is delivered at least sixty days prior to the end of third year. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Group will pay a fixed amount of royalty fee for each of the Group's products sold which makes use of the Technology Knowhow B and there is a minimum royalty fee commitment of $390 during the first twelve months from the Effective date and a quarterly royalty fee of $97 thereafter for a period of three years. Alternatively, the Agreement also allows the Group to pay an amount of $1,300 for an unlimited use of the Technology Knowhow B starting from twelve months of the Effective date. |
| | In September 2006, the Group terminated the March 2005 Agreement and entered into a new royalty agreement ("New Agreement"). The new royalty agreement is for the use of Technology Knowhow B for a period of three years, effective from June 6, 2006 ("New Effective date"), and will automatically be renewed for additional one year unless notice of non-renewal is delivered at least sixty days prior to the end of third year. Pursuant to the New Agreement, the Group will pay a fixed amount of royalty fee for unlimited use of the Technology Knowhow B and there is a minimum royalty fee commitment of $280 during the first twelve months from the New Effective date. |
| | In October 2007, the Group revised its September 2006 New Agreement. The revised agreement allows the Group to have unlimited use of the Technology Knowhow B for a sum of $200. The revised agreement is effective for period from October 1, 2007 to September 30, 2008. As at December 31, 2007, the Group accrued $50 royalty fees and was subsequently repaid in January, 2008. The remaining $150 is expected to be settled in 2008. |
| | In 2007, the Group has entered into an agreement with Technology Knowhow C provider. The Group licensed the Technology Knowhow C based on the life of the relevant technologies. During the year ended December 31, 2007, the product using the licensed Technology Knowhow C was still in the development stage, thus the Group did not produce or sell any SoC products and is therefore not subject to royalty fee payment to Technology Knowhow C provider. |
| | The Group's total royalty expense for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 amounted to $8,228, $4,104 and $2,319, respectively. Royalty commitment as of December 31, 2007 was $150. |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
16. | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - continued |
| (i) | On January 4, 2005, one of the Group's main competitors, SigmaTel Inc. ("SigmaTel"), filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas, Austin Division against the Group alleging infringement of certain of SigmaTel's U.S. patents in the design of the Group's SoCs for portable media player ("PMPs"), including patent number 6,633,187 and 6,366,522. |
| | Subsequently, SigmaTel filed a complaint with the U.S. International Trade Commission ("ITC"), which together with a later amendment, alleged that the Group had infringed certain SigmaTel's U.S. patents. SigmaTel's complaints request that the ITC issue a permanent exclusion order that will prohibit the import into the United States of the Group's SoCs and PMPs that contain the Group's SoCs that are found to infringe SigmaTel's U.S. patents. The Group has retained outside counsel and is vigorously participating in the defence against these allegations set forth in these proceedings. On March 20, 2006, an initial determination from ITC ("Initial Determination") has found that the Group infringed two of SigmaTel's U.S. patents. The ruling includes a recommendation that the ITC issue an order barring any PMPs which utilize the Group's products that contain two gigabytes or less in flash memory from being imported into the United States. On June 19, 2006, the ITC modified a key claim construction under patent number 6,366,522 and requested the administrative law judge to reconsider some of his rulings in light of the modified claim construction. The ITC, however, declined to review the administrative law judge's rulings with respect to patent number 6,633,187, as the ITC believes the disputed issues are outside of its scope of review. On September 15, 2006, the ITC announced its final determination that certain of the Group's SoCs had infringed the 6,633,187 patent and certain of the Group's SoCs, utilizing a prior version of firmware, had infringed the 6,366,522 patent. The ITC's final determination subject to further discretionary review by the President of the United States and will be subject to appeal at the United States Circuit Court for the Federal Circuit. During the presidential review period, which ended on November 14, 2006, the Group's SoCs that are alleged to infringe and are sold into the United States will be subject to a bond of US$0.29 per SoC. Subsequently, SigmaTel's district court complaint for patent infringement alleging that the Group has infringed the 6,366,522 patent and 6,633,187 patent has been dismissed. Pursuant to a stipulation jointly filed by SigmaTel and Actions on January 3, 2007, the U.S. District Court Western District of Texas, Austin Division, has dismissed all further civil proceedings before it with respect to SigmaTel's suit for patent infringement. |
| | On January 4, 2007 the Group filed a Notice of Appeal with the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (the "CAFC") to review the September 15, 2006 decision of the United States International Trade Commission in the Matter of Audio Processing Circuits, and Products Containing Same, Investigation no. 337-TA-538. |
| | On June 21, 2007, the Group settled all the disputes with SigmaTel. Under the terms of the settlement, all outstanding claims and counterclaims in the lawsuits would be dismissed. Both companies also agreed to not pursue possible third party IP infringements or new legal actions against each other and their respective customers for three years. Additionally, both companies entered into a comprehensive cross-license agreement covering patents owned or controlled by either party or its subsidiaries. |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
16. | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - continued |
| (d) | Contingencies - continued |
| (ii) | Two of the Group's former advisors have filed a compliant in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California against the Group on August 17, 2006, seeking compensatory damages for services rendered. The Group has filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on the grounds that it is not subject to personal jurisdiction in California and that the Peoples' Republic of China would be the more appropriate forum for this litigation. That motion is currently pending before the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California. No provision has been made in the consolidated financial statements because the Group is in the process of assessing the claim at this preliminary stage and has no reliable basis to reasonably estimate the Group's potential liability, if any. |
| (iii) | One of the Group's former employees has filed a compliant in the PRC district court of Zhuhai against the Group seeking compensatory damages for services rendered. On July 10 2007, the court ruled that an compensation of $780 had to be paid. The Group decided not to appeal and has paid the compensation per Court ruling in full. |
| | While management, including internal counsel, currently believes that the ultimate outcome of this proceeding, will not have a material adverse effect on the Group's financial position, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties. If an unfavourable ruling was to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on the net income of the period in which the ruling occurs. |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
| The Group primarily sells to customers located in China/Hong Kong. |
| The following table summarizes net revenues and accounts receivable for customers, which accounted for 10% or more of the Group's net revenues and accounts receivable: |
| | Net revenues | |
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | | | | | | |
Customer A | | | 26% | | | 24% | | | 16% | |
Customer B | | | 17% | | | 12% | | | - | |
Customer C | | | 13% | | | 11% | | | - | |
Customer D | | | 12% | | | 10% | | | 10% | |
Customer E | | | - | | | - | | | 12% | |
Customer F | | | - | | | - | | | 13% | |
| | | 68% | | | 57% | | | 51% | |
| | Accounts receivable | |
| | At December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
| | | | | |
Customer A | | | 33% | | | 21% | |
Customer B | | | - | | | - | |
Customer C | | | 17% | | | 13% | |
Customer D | | | 17% | | | 12% | |
Customer E | | | - | | | 16% | |
Customer F | | | - | | | 18% | |
| | | 67% | | | 80% | |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
| Full time employees of the Group in the PRC participate in a government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain pension benefits, medical care, unemployment insurance, employee housing fund and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require the Group to accrue for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees' salaries. Employees of the Group in Hong Kong have joined the Mandatory Provident Fund ("MPF") Scheme which is also a defined contribution plan. The contribution to the MPF Scheme is calculated based on the rules set out in the MPF Ordinance in Hong Kong which is 5% on the relevant income of the employee with a specific ceiling. The total contributions for these employee benefits were $208, $528 and $981 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. |
19. | MAJOR NON CASH TRANSACTIONS |
| During 2007, the Group acquired certain intangible assets from third parties. The payable of $1,379 and $880 was recorded as accrued expenses and other current liabilities as the amount has not yet settled as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. |
20. | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS |
| During the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006, the Group received consultancy services for intellectual property and legal affairs, product technology, product development and technology licensing and research and development from several individual shareholders of the Company amounting to $600 and $540, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2007, there were no consultancy services received from the shareholders of the Company. |
| Mr. Hsiang-Wei Lee, the former Chief Financial Officer and current Chairman of the Company, was a shareholder and director of a customer of the Company, Digital Vision Incorporation Limited ("DVI"). As of December 31, 2006, Mr. Hsiang-Wei Lee has disposed of all his equity interests in DVI, which were acquired before becoming the Company's Chief Financial Officer and resigned as director of DVI. As of December 31, 2006, accounts receivable includes a balance due from DVI of $2,192. For the year ended December 31, 2006, the Group recognized net sales of $3,372 to DVI. |
| During the year ended December, 31, 2007, the Group recognized income of $278 for granting of rights to use its proprietary technology in SoCs for energy metering business indefinitely to an affiliate, Hi-Trend. Further, during the year ended December 31, 2007, the Group made sales for testing services to Hi-Trend amounting to $308. Effective November 2007, the Group ceased to exercise its significant influence on Hi-Trend and the Group's holding in Hi-Trend was recorded as other investments under the cost method of accounting as of December 31, 2007. |
| During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Group received agency services from Namyoung Corporation for introducing customers and paid commission fee to Namyoung Corporation amounting $159. Mr. Kang, Byung-Jin (Peter), who is the president of Nanyoung Corporation, was also the director and chairman of the board of the Company before resigning from the Board of the Company on October 29, 2007. |
During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Group recognized net sales of $13,694 from G.M.I. Technology Inc. ("GMI"). As of December 31, 2007, accounts receivable included a balance due from GMI of $943. GMI's president is a family member of the Group's CEO.
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
21. | MAINLAND CHINA PROFIT APPROPRIATION AND RESTRICTION ON CAPITAL REPATRIATION |
| Pursuant to the laws applicable to the PRC's Foreign Investment Enterprises, the Company's subsidiaries in the PRC registered as foreign-owned enterprise must make appropriations from after-tax profit to non-distributable reserve funds as determined by the Board of Directors of the relevant PRC subsidiary. These reserves include a (1) general reserve, (2) enterprise expansion fund and (3) staff bonus and welfare fund. Subject to certain cumulative limits, the general reserve fund requires annual appropriations of not less than 10% of after-tax profit (as determined under accounting principles and financial regulations applicable to PRC enterprises at each year-end); the other fund appropriations are at the Group's discretion. These reserve funds can only be used for specific purposes and are not distributable as cash dividends. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the balance of these of the Company's PRC subsidiaries reserves amounted to $5,170 and $9,380, respectively. |
| In addition to these reserves, the registered capital of the Company's PRC subsidiaries are also restricted. As of December 31, 2007, the total amount of the restricted capital and reserves amounted to $106,885. |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
SCHEDULE 1
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | At December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | 2007 | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 31,894 | | $ | 13,635 | |
Amounts due from subsidiaries | | | 496 | | | 615 | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | 253 | | | 180 | |
Total current assets | | | 32,643 | | | 14,430 | |
| | | | | | | |
Investments in subsidiaries | | | 219,453 | | | 279,733 | |
Acquired intangible assets, net | | | 554 | | | 663 | |
TOTAL ASSETS | | $ | 252,650 | | $ | 294,826 | |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | | $ | 1,812 | | $ | 1,349 | |
Amounts due to subsidiaries | | | 41,808 | | | 33,684 | |
Amounts due to shareholders | | | 10 | | | - | |
Total current liabilities | | | 43,630 | | | 35,033 | |
Commitments and contingencies | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Shareholders' equity: | | | | | | | |
Ordinary shares of par value $0.000001: | | | | | | | |
2,000,000,000 shares authorized | | | | | | | |
508,178,118 (2006: 516,000,000) shares issued and outstanding | | $ | 1 | | $ | 1 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 50,341 | | | 43,679 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | | | 4,396 | | | 9,628 | |
Retained earnings | | | 154,282 | | | 206,485 | |
Total shareholders' equity | | | 209,020 | | | 259,793 | |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | | $ | 252,650 | | $ | 294,826 | |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
SCHEDULE 1
(In thousands of U.S. dollars)
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Operating expenses: | | | | | | | | | | |
Research and development | | $ | (816 | ) | $ | - | | $ | (364 | ) |
General and administrative | | | (1,664 | ) | | (2,590 | ) | | (3,150 | ) |
Total operating expenses | | | (2,480 | ) | | (2,590 | ) | | (3,514 | ) |
Loss from operations | | | (2,480 | ) | | (2,590 | ) | | (3,514 | ) |
Interest income | | | 119 | | | 1,701 | | | 1,179 | |
Loss before income taxes | | | (2,361 | ) | | (889 | ) | | (2,335 | ) |
Share of net profits of subsidiaries, net of taxes | | | 75,966 | | | 75,450 | | | 54,538 | |
Net income | | $ | 73,605 | | $ | 74,561 | | $ | 52,203 | |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
SCHEDULE 1
STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | | | | | | | Accumulated | | Accumulated | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | other | | (deficit) | | | | | |
| | Ordinary shares | | Additional | | comprehensive | | retained | | | | Comprehensive | |
| | Number | | Amount | | paid-in capital | | income | | earnings | | Total | | income | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at January 1, 2005 | | | 480,000,000 | | $ | - | | $ | 5,000 | | $ | 1 | | $ | 26,116 | | $ | 31,117 | | $ | 26,486 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Issue of shares upon the initial public | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
offering, net of offering expenses | | | 36,000,000 | | | 1 | | | 44,629 | | | - | | | - | | | 44,630 | | | - | |
Dividend | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | (20,000 | ) | | (20,000 | ) | | - | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 1,223 | | | - | | | 1,223 | | | 1,223 | |
Net income | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 73,605 | | | 73,605 | | | 73,605 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2005 | | | 516,000,000 | | $ | 1 | | $ | 49,629 | | $ | 1,224 | | $ | 79,721 | | $ | 130,575 | | $ | 74,828 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reversal of overprovision of | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
capitalized offering expenses | | | - | | | - | | | 712 | | | - | | | - | | | 712 | | | - | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 3,172 | | | - | | | 3,172 | | | 3,172 | |
Net income | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 74,561 | | | 74,561 | | | 74,561 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2006 | | | 516,000,000 | | $ | 1 | | $ | 50,341 | | $ | 4,396 | | $ | 154,282 | | $ | 209,020 | | $ | 77,733 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Repurchase of ordinary shares | | | (7,821,882 | ) | | - | | | (6,662 | ) | | - | | | - | | | (6,662 | ) | | - | |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 5,231 | | | - | | | 5,231 | | | 5,231 | |
Unrealised gains on other investments | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 1 | | | - | | | 1 | | | 1 | |
Net income | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | - | | | 52,203 | | | 52,203 | | | 52,203 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2007 | | | 508,178,118 | | $ | 1 | | $ | 43,679 | | $ | 9,628 | | $ | 206,485 | | $ | 259,793 | | $ | 57,435 | |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
SCHEDULE 1
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)
| | Year ended December 31, | |
| | 2005 | | 2006 | | 2007 | |
Operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 73,605 | | $ | 74,561 | | $ | 52,203 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) | | | | | | | | | | |
operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Share of net profits of subsidiaries | | | (75,966 | ) | | (75,450 | ) | | (54,538 | ) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | (149 | ) | | (104 | ) | | 73 | |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | | | 3,757 | | | (1,233 | ) | | (463 | ) |
Amounts due to subsidiaries | | | 27,478 | | | 14,330 | | | (8,124 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | | 28,725 | | | 12,104 | | | (10,849 | ) |
Investing activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Capital contribution in subsidiaries | | | (10,400 | ) | | (22,125 | ) | | (510 | ) |
Increase in amounts due from subsidiaries | | | (50 | ) | | (446 | ) | | (119 | ) |
Purchase of intangible assets | | | - | | | (554 | ) | | (109 | ) |
Cash used in investing activities | | | (10,450 | ) | | (23,125 | ) | | (738 | ) |
Financing activities: | | | | | | | | | | |
Capital contribution | | | 44,630 | | | - | | | - | |
Repurchase of common stock | | | - | | | - | | | (6,662 | ) |
Amounts due to shareholders | | | - | | | 77,377 | | | - | |
Repayment of amounts due to shareholders | | | - | | | (77,367 | ) | | (10 | ) |
Dividend paid | | | (20,000 | ) | | - | | | - | |
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities | | | 24,630 | | | 10 | | | (6,672 | ) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 42,905 | | | (11,011 | ) | | (18,259 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year | | | - | | | 42,905 | | | 31,894 | |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year | | $ | 42,905 | | $ | 31,894 | | $ | 13,635 | |
ACTIONS SEMICONDUCTOR CO., LTD.
NOTES TO SCHEDULE 1
Schedule 1 has been provided pursuant to the requirements of Rule 12-04(a) and 4-08(e)(3) of Regulation S-X, which require condensed financial information as to financial position, changes in financial position and results and operations of a parent company as of the same dates and for the same periods for which audited consolidated financial statements have been presented when the restricted net assets of the consolidated and unconsolidated subsidiaries together exceed 25 percent of consolidated net assets as of end of the most recently completed fiscal year.
As of December 31, 2007, $106,386 of the restricted capital and reserves are not available for distribution, and as such, the condensed financial information of the Company has been presented for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
The condensed financial information has been prepared using the same accounting policies as set out in the Group's consolidated financial statements except that the parent company has used equity method to account for its subsidiaries.