DCP Holding 10K 2016 Annual report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

_______________

FORM 10-K

Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For this fiscal year ended December 31, 2016

_______________

Commission File Number: 000-51954

DCP HOLDING COMPANY

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

Ohio	20-1291244
(State or Other Jurisdiction of	(IRS Employer Identification No.)
Incorporation or Organization)

100 Crowne Point Place	45241
Sharonville, Ohio	(Zip Code)
(Address of Principal Executive Office)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (513) 554-1100

_______________

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:

TITLE OF EACH CLASS

TO BE SO REGISTERED

NAME OF EACH EXCHANGE ON WHICH

EACH CLASS IS TO BE REGISTERED

NOT APPLICABLE

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the act:

Class A Redeemable Common Shares, no par value

Class B Redeemable Common Shares, no par value

Class C Redeemable Common Shares, no par value

(Title of Class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

YES ☐ NO ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

YES ☐ NO ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

YES ☒ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

YES ☒ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☒	Smaller reporting Company ☐
		(Do not check if smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

YES ☐ NO ☒

As of June 30, 2016, the aggregate book value of the registrant’s Redeemable Common Shares, without par value, held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $13.2 million. The value of a redeemable common share is based on the book value per share in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Incorporation and Code of Regulations. As of June 30, 2016, the number of Class A, Class B and Class C Redeemable Common Shares outstanding was 510; 8,485; and 3,771, respectively.

The number of Class A , Class B and Class C Redeemable Common Shares, without par value, outstanding as of March 1, 2017 was 506; 8,604; and 3,771, respectively.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Information to be included in the Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders at which directors will be elected (if filed on or before April 28, 2017), into Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, or this Form 10-K will be amended on or prior to April 28, 2017 to include such information.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		PAGE
Part I
ITEM 1.	BUSINESS	1
ITEM 1A.	RISK FACTORS	12
ITEM 1B.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	15
ITEM 2.	PROPERTIES	16
ITEM 3.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	16
ITEM 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	16
Part II
ITEM 5.	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES	16
ITEM 6.	SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA	17
ITEM 7.	MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	17
ITEM 7A.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	32
ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA	33
ITEM 9.	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE	55
ITEM 9A.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	55
ITEM 9B.	OTHER INFORMATION	56
Part III
ITEM 10.	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	56
ITEM 11.	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	56
ITEM 12.	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS	56
ITEM 13.	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE	57
Part IV
ITEM 14.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES	57
ITEM 15.	EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES	57
SIGNATURES		65
INDEX TO EXHIBITS		67

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled “Item 1. Business” and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” You can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “intend,” “potential,” “likely will result,” or the negative of such words or other similar expressions.

These forward-looking statements reflect our current expectations and views about future events and speak only as of the date of this report. The forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, include, among others: claims costs exceeding our estimates, a downgrade in our financial strength rating, competitive pressures, changes in demand for dental benefits and other economic conditions, the loss of a significant customer or broker, the occurrence or non-occurrence of circumstances beyond our control, and those items contained in the section entitled “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect future events, information or circumstances that arise after the date of this report.

PART I

ITEM 1.

BUSINESS

Overview

Headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, DCP Holding Company, doing business as the Dental Care Plus Group (“DCPG” or the “Company”), offers to employer groups of all sizes health maintenance organization (“HMO”), participating provider organization (“PPO”) and indemnity plans for dental care services and vision benefit plans. In 2016, the Company offered low cost dental PPO plans to individuals and small groups on the federally facilitated market exchanges in Ohio, Indiana, Georgia, Pennsylvania and Tennessee (“the FFM exchanges”) and individual dental HMO and dental PPO plans in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 342,000 members in our dental benefit plans and approximately 40,100 members in our vision benefit plans. We market our products through a network of independent brokers and consultants.

We had approximately 2,900 providers participating in our dental HMO network, approximately 3,100 providers participating in our DentaSelect dental PPO network and approximately 2,200 providers participating in our Balanced Value dental PPO network at December 31, 2016. The Company has a network access agreement with a national dental network management company that has one of the largest networks of providers under contract in the United States. With this network access agreement, our Company dental PPO members now have access to approximately 2,700 additional providers in our operating territories and approximately 45,300 additional providers throughout the United States. The Company also has a network access arrangement with a national dental administration company for the dental PPO plans that it offered on the FFM exchanges in 2016. With this network access arrangement, FFM exchange members have access to the following approximate number of providers in 2016 in these five states: Ohio – 2,900 providers; Indiana – 1,100 providers; Pennsylvania – 1,400 providers; Georgia – 1,700 providers; Tennessee – 700 providers.

DCP Holding Company is the parent holding company, which includes wholly-owned subsidiaries Dental Care Plus, Inc., or Dental Care Plus, an Ohio corporation, Insurance Associates Plus, Inc., or Insurance Associates Plus, an Ohio corporation, and Adenta, Inc., or Adenta, a Kentucky corporation. A majority of our Redeemable Common Shares are owned by providers who also participate in one or more of our networks.

As an Ohio-domiciled insurance company dually licensed as a life and health insurer and a specialty health insuring corporation, Dental Care Plus is able to underwrite dental indemnity, dental PPO, dental HMO, and vision benefit products as well as other life and health oriented products.

Business Segments

We manage our business with four reportable segments: fully-insured dental HMO and indemnity (“dental HMO/IND”), fully-insured dental PPO, self-insured dental, and corporate, all other. Corporate, all other consists of revenue associated with our dental PPO and vision products underwritten by third-party insurance carriers and certain corporate activities.

The results of our fully-insured dental HMO and indemnity, fully-insured dental PPO and self-insured dental segments are measured by gross profit, which is premium revenue less healthcare services expense. We do not allocate insurance expenses, investment and other income, interest expense, or other assets or liabilities to our fully-insured dental and self-insured dental segments. These items are retained in our corporate, all other segment. Our segments do not share overhead costs and assets. See footnote 16 to our consolidated financial statements for financial information regarding our segments.

Managed Dental Benefits Market

The following table shows the estimated 2015 and 2014 dental enrollment statistics for the United States:

	Estimated					Estimated					%
	2015		% of			2014		% of			Change
	Enrollment		Total			Enrollment		Total			2014 to 2015

Dental HMO		11,383,454		7.2	%		11,724,540		7.5	%		-2.9	%

Dental EPO		838,576		0.5	%		834,721		0.5	%		0.5	%

Dental PPO		128,322,139		81.5	%		127,303,658		81.7	%		0.8	%

Dental Indemnity		10,170,538		6.5	%		9,730,033		6.2	%		4.5	%

Discount Dental		6,476,006		4.1	%		6,030,055		3.9	%		7.4	%

Direct Reimbursement		292,498		0.2	%		272,639		0.2	%		7.3	%

Total Commercial Dental		157,483,211		100.0	%		155,895,646		100.0	%		1.0	%

Medicaid / SCHIP		45,419,686					32,009,941					41.9	%

Other Public		8,793,953					4,567,530					92.5	%

Total Publicly Funded Dental		54,213,639					36,577,471					48.2	%

Unassigned		-					12,736,677

Estimated Total Dental		211,696,850					205,209,794					3.2	%

Source: NADP & Delta Dental Association Joint Dental Benefits Report, September 2016

According to the National Association of Dental Plans (“NADP”), in 2015 approximately 211.7 million persons residing in the United States were covered by some form of dental benefit through employer-sponsored group plans, other group or individual plans, or publicly funded dental coverage. These enrolled members represent approximately 66% of the U.S. population. This enrollment level represents an increase of approximately 3.2% from the estimated 2014 enrollment level of 205.2 million persons. This enrollment increase is primarily due to a 9.9% increase in publicly funded and unassigned dental enrollment and in part due to a 1.0% increase in commercial dental enrollment in 2015 resulting from increases in the dental PPO, dental indemnity and discount dental product categories. Dental PPO product enrollment as a percentage of total commercial enrollment decreased to 81.5% of total commercial enrollment in 2015. In 2014, some participating companies reported their enrollment as unassigned in an effort to protect the confidentiality of their enrollment data. As a result, comparisons to other years are not as valid as those in previous reports.

The following table shows the estimated 2015 and 2014 dental enrollment statistics for Ohio and Kentucky, the two primary states in which we had group dental business:

	Ohio
	Estimated					Estimated					%
	2015		% of			2014		% of			Change
	Enrollment		Total			Enrollment		Total			2014 to 2015

Dental HMO		370,504		5.4	%		381,333		6.3	%		-2.8	%

Dental EPO		12,235		0.2	%		32,198		0.5	%		-62.0	%

Dental PPO		4,843,335		70.2	%		4,811,033		80.1	%		0.7	%

Dental Indemnity		155,216		2.2	%		146,766		2.4	%		5.8	%

Discount Dental		102,978		1.5	%		117,599		2.0	%		-12.4	%

Medicaid / SCHIP		1,196,578		17.3	%		309,806		5.2	%		286.2	%

Other Public		218,822		3.2	%		208,470		3.5	%		5.0	%

Total Dental		6,899,668		100.0	%		6,007,205		100.0	%		14.9	%

	Kentucky
	Estimated					Estimated					%
	2015		% of			2014		% of			Change
	Enrollment		Total			Enrollment		Total			2014 to 2015

Dental HMO		138,779		4.1	%		128,259		3.8	%		8.2	%

Dental EPO		4,108		0.1	%		7,368		0.2	%		-44.2	%

Dental PPO		1,675,239		50.0	%		1,582,483		46.4	%		5.9	%

Dental Indemnity		103,035		3.1	%		115,761		3.4	%		-11.0	%

Discount Dental		28,721		0.9	%		25,632		0.8	%		12.1	%

Medicaid / SCHIP		1,298,654		38.8	%		1,503,626		44.0	%		-13.6	%

Other Public		99,267		3.0	%		50,857		1.4	%		95.2	%

Total Dental		3,347,803		100.0	%		3,413,986		100.0	%		-1.9	%

Source: NADP & Delta Dental Association Joint Dental Benefits Reports dated September 2016 and November 2015

According to the NADP, total dental HMO enrollment in Ohio decreased 2.8% in 2015 compared to 2014, which is consistent with dental HMO enrollment in the United States that decreased by approximately 2.9%. Total dental EPO enrollment in Ohio decreased by 62.0% in 2015 compared to 2014, compared to the national dental EPO increase of 0.5%. Total dental PPO enrollment in Ohio increased by 0.7% in 2015 compared to 2014, compared to the national dental PPO increase of 0.8%. In Ohio, total dental indemnity enrollment increased by 5.8%, whereas national dental indemnity enrollment increased by approximately 4.5%. Total discount dental enrollment in Ohio decreased by 12.4%, whereas total discount dental enrollment in the United States increased by 7.4%. Medicaid / State Children’s Health Insurance Program (“SCHIP”) dental enrollment in Ohio increased by 286.2% in 2015 compared to 2014, compared to the national Medicaid / SCHIP dental enrollment increase of 41.9%. Other publicly funded dental enrollment in Ohio increased by 5.0% in 2015 compared to 2014, compared to the national other publicly funded dental enrollment increase of 92.5%.

Total dental HMO enrollment in Kentucky increased 8.2% in 2015 compared to 2014, while dental HMO enrollment in the United States decreased by approximately 2.9%. Total dental EPO enrollment in Kentucky increased by 5.9% in 2015 compared to 2014, compared to the national dental EPO increase of 0.5%. Total dental PPO enrollment in Kentucky increased by 5.9% in 2015 compared to 2014, which represents a larger percentage increase than the national dental PPO increase of 0.8%. In Kentucky, total dental indemnity enrollment decreased by 11.0%, compared to an increase in national dental indemnity enrollment of 4.5%. Total discount dental enrollment in Kentucky increased by 12.1%, whereas total discount dental enrollment in the United States increased by 7.4%. Medicaid / SCHIP dental enrollment in Kentucky decreased by 13.6% in 2015 compared to 2014, compared to the national Medicaid / SCHIP dental enrollment increase of 41.9%. Other publicly funded dental enrollment in Kentucky increased by 95.2% in 2015 compared to 2014, compared to the national other publicly funded dental enrollment increase of 92.5%.

Our Products

The following table presents our product membership, premiums and administrative services only (“ASO”) fees in our respective business segments for the three years ended December 31:

2016	Membership		Premiums(000's)			Other Fees(000's)			Total Premium Revenue (000's)		Percent of Total Premium Revenue
Fully-Insured Dental HMO/IND		167,000	$	53,393					$	53,393		50.6	%
Fully-Insured Dental PPO		79,500		22,363						22,363		21.2	%
Self-Insured Dental		95,500		27,676	(1)	$	1,391	(2)		29,067		27.5	%
Other Products		40,100		-			771	(3)		771		0.7	%
Total		382,100	$	103,432		$	2,162		$	105,594		100.00	%

2015	Membership		Premiums(000's)			Other Fees(000's)			Total Premium Revenue (000's)		Percent of Total Premium Revenue
Fully-Insured Dental HMO/IND		158,200	$	49,458					$	49,458		50.3	%
Fully-Insured Dental PPO		69,800		19,198						19,198		19.5	%
Self-Insured Dental		98,000		27,505	(1)	$	1,417	(2)		28,922		29.5	%
Other Products		36,200		-			683	(3)		683		0.7	%
Total		362,200	$	96,161		$	2,100		$	98,261		100.00	%

2014	Membership		Premiums(000's)			Other Fees(000's)			Total Premium Revenue (000's)		Percent of Total Premium Revenue
Fully-Insured Dental HMO/IND		155,200	$	47,948					$	47,948		52.2	%
Fully-Insured Dental PPO		60,100		16,459						16,459		17.9	%
Self-Insured Dental		91,700		25,549	(1)	$	1,356	(2)		26,905		29.2	%
Other Products		28,900		-			624	(3)		624		0.7	%
Total		335,900	$	89,956		$	1,980		$	91,936		100.00	%

(1)

Self-insured dental premium revenue or premium equivalent revenue is based on the gross amount of claims incurred by self-insured members and is recognized as revenue when those claims are paid.

(2)

Self-insured ASO fees are the administrative fees we charge to self-insured employers to manage their provider network and to process and pay claims. ASO fees are recognized as revenue when they are earned.

(3)

Other product fees are marketing and administrative fees we charge to third party insurance carriers that underwrite our vision benefit plan and one of our dental indemnity benefit plans.

Our dental enrollment increased 4.9% in 2016 compared to 2015 and increased by 6.2% in 2015 compared to 2014.

Our products primarily consist of dental HMO, dental indemnity and dental PPO plans, with fully-insured products constituting 71.7% of our total premium revenues for 2016. Substantially all of our products are marketed to employer groups through brokers and consultants. In addition, our individual dental products are marketed on our website, sometimes with the assistance of brokers, and our exchange dental products are marketed on the government’s website at healthcare.gov. Our business model allows us to offer dental benefit products including broad networks of participating providers while at the same time promoting the use of private practice fee-for-service dentistry, a primary interest of our participating providers. The dental benefit products we offer currently vary depending on geographic markets.

We currently market our group dental products to employers in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. Our products may be offered to employer groups as “bundles,” where the subscribers are offered a combination of dental HMO, dental PPO and dental indemnity options, with various employer contribution strategies as determined by the employer. Individuals may become subscribers of our group dental plans through their employers and qualified family members of these subscribers become members through such individuals. Employers may pay for all or part of the premiums, and make payroll deductions for any premiums payable by the employees.

In 2016, we offered fully insured individual and small group dental PPO plans on the FFM exchanges. This new business is included in our fully insured dental PPO segment. In 2016, we offered fully insured individual dental HMO plans in Ohio and Kentucky and dental PPO plans in Indiana. This new business is included in our fully insured dental HMO and fully insured dental PPO segments.

Fully-Insured Dental HMO and Indemnity

Our fully-insured dental HMO/IND products segment includes our Dental Care Plus dental HMO and our DentaPremier dental indemnity products.

Dental Care Plus- Under our group dental HMO, premiums are paid to Dental Care Plus by the employer, and members receive access to our HMO network. Plan designs range from full premium payouts by the employer to shared contributions of varying proportions by the employer and its employees to full payment by the employees. There are no waiting periods and there is no balance billing in our fully-insured dental HMO; however, it includes cost-sharing with the member, through premium contributions, co-payments and annual deductibles. Under our individual dental HMO, premiums are paid to Dental Care Plus by the individual subscriber, and the subscriber and their dependents receive access to our HMO network. Dental Care Plus offers a limited number of plan designs to the individual market.

DentaPremier- We offer DentaPremier, our dental indemnity product underwritten by Dental Care Plus, to employers who participate in our Dental Care Plus HMO fully-insured plans with out-of-area members or members that require complete freedom of provider access. Plan designs range from full premium payouts by the employer to shared contributions of varying proportions by the employer and its employees to full payment by the employees. Members are responsible for paying annual deductible amounts, co-payments and balance billings. Premium rates for DentaPremier are generally higher than premium rates for our dental HMO and PPO products.

For the year ended December 31, 2016, fully-insured dental HMO/IND premiums totaled approximately $53.4 million, or 50.6% of our total premiums and ASO fees.

Fully-Insured Dental PPO

Our fully-insured dental PPO product segment includes our DentaSelect, DentaTrust and DentaSpan dental PPO products.

DentaSelect- Our dental PPO product, DentaSelect, is underwritten and administered by Dental Care Plus. DentaSelect members have access to our proprietary PPO networks and the national provider network with which we have contracted. In addition, DentaSelect members have out-of-network benefits. DentaSelect includes some elements of managed health care; however, it includes more cost-sharing with the member. Plan designs range from full premium payouts by the employer to shared contributions of varying proportions by the employer and its employees to full payment by the employees.

DentaTrust and DentaSpan– Our individual dental PPO product for the Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Georgia and Tennessee exchanges, DentaTrust, and our small group dental PPO product for the FFM exchanges, DentaSpan, are underwritten by Dental Care Plus and administered by two independent third party administrators (“TPAs”). Pediatric members under the age of 19 have pediatric oral health benefits that meet the requirements of the Affordable Care Act (“ACA”). Adult members have benefits that are subject to waiting periods on basic dental services and major dental services. In addition, all DentaTrust and DentaSpan members have out-of-network benefits.

For the year ended December 31, 2016, fully-insured dental PPO premiums totaled approximately $22.4 million, or 21.2% of our total premiums and ASO fees.

Self-Insured Dental

Our self-insured dental segment includes our ASO dental HMO, dental PPO and dental indemnity products, which we offer through Dental Care Plus to employers who self-insure their employee dental plans. These employers pay all claims from network providers according to our fee schedules. In the case of our dental PPO and dental indemnity products, employers pay claims from non-network providers based on a maximum allowed fee schedule. We provide administrative and claims processing services, benefit plan design, and access to our provider networks for an administrative fee, generally to self-insured groups. These products are offered only to employer groups that have chosen to bear the claims risk for the dental benefits of employees and their family members. Self-insured employers retain the risk of financing all of the cost of dental benefits. For the year ended December 31, 2016, self-insured revenue totaled approximately $29.1 million, or 27.5% of our total premiums and ASO fees.

Corporate, All Other

We offer dental PPO, dental indemnity and vision PPO benefit plans underwritten by third-party insurance carriers that are included in our corporate, all other segment. Our subsidiary, Insurance Associates Plus, is an insurance agency licensed in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana that markets our third-party dental PPO and vision benefit products. Insurance Associates Plus earns commissions and administrative fees based on members enrolled in the dental PPO and vision benefit plans. Our vision benefit PPO product, Vision Care Plus, is underwritten by a third-party insurance carrier and administered by an independent TPA. Members can access both network and out-of-network vision care providers and are subject to fixed co-payments and benefit limits. Premium cost is typically shared by employers and their participating employees in various contribution proportions.

The commission and administrative fee revenue that we earned related to the dental PPO, dental indemnity and vision benefit product lines underwritten by third-party insurance carriers aggregated $771,000, or less than 1% of total premiums and ASO fees, for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Seasonality of Dental Service Utilization

Based on our healthcare services expense on a per member per month (“PMPM”) basis that adjusts the quarterly healthcare services expense for membership volume changes, our dental plan members have historically used their dental plan benefits according to a seasonal pattern. In 2014, our quarterly healthcare services expense was above average in the first quarter, slightly below average in the second quarter, higher than average in the third quarter and lowest in the fourth quarter. In 2015, our quarterly healthcare services expense was above average in the first quarter, slightly above average in the second quarter, above average in the third quarter and lowest in the fourth quarter. In 2016, our quarterly healthcare services expense was above average in the first quarter, slightly below average in the second quarter, above average in the third quarter and lowest in the fourth quarter. The following table shows these trends in tabular form:

	2016				2015				2014

	$000’s		$PMPM		$000’s		$PMPM		$000’s		$PMPM

First Quarter	$	21,047	$	20.66	$	19,320	$	20.44	$	18,077	$	20.05
Second Quarter		19,795		19.26		19,143		20.03		17,968		19.63
Third Quarter		20,312		19.79		19,664		20.28		18,640		20.43
Fourth Quarter		19,346		18.88		18,557		19.04		17,011		18.52
Calendar Year	$	80,500		19.65	$	76,684		19.93	$	71,696		19.65

Claims are generally higher in the first quarter because a significant portion of our employer-sponsored benefits reset on January 1. The third quarter claim level is generally higher primarily due to the high level of dental services used in July and August by student members prior to returning to school. Use of dental services is typically lowest in the fourth quarter due to the holiday season and the fact that a portion of our members have already reached their maximum annual benefit level for the year.

Business Strategy

Our objective is to become one of the leading providers of dental benefits in the Midwest. Our strategy is to continue increasing membership in all of our plans by gaining new employer group and individual customers, acquiring other similar dental plans, adding more participating providers to our provider networks and increasing our product offerings. We intend to further develop the use of dental PPO products as a means to grow membership sufficient to recruit providers into our dental provider networks.

Our Dental Care Plus HMO plans offer both the broad provider access ordinarily attributed to a dental PPO and the utilization review and cost control features of a dental HMO. The combination of a large provider network, competitive pricing and renewal practices, and an emphasis on outstanding customer service have allowed us to effectively compete with dental PPOs. Because we are primarily owned by providers who participate in one or more of our networks, and our providers are reimbursed on a fee-for-service basis, we often have a competitive advantage in recruiting and retaining providers for our networks.

Effective January 1, 2014, we began offering low cost dental PPO plans on the Ohio Exchange. These dental PPO plans include the pediatric oral health benefit that is one of the essential health benefits required by the ACA. The family plans also include dental coverage for adults. On January 1, 2015, we began offering these exchange certified dental PPO plans on the Indiana Exchange and on January 1, 2016 we began offering these exchange certified dental PPO plans on the federally facilitated exchanges in Pennsylvania, Georgia and Tennessee (the “Pennsylvania, Georgia and Tennessee Exchanges”).

In the fourth quarter of 2014, we launched our individual dental HMO plans in southwestern Ohio. In 2015, we offered individual dental HMO and PPO plans in Ohio and in Kentucky. In 2016, we began offering individual dental PPO plans in Indiana.

Membership Retention- Employers generally contract with our dental plans for a period of one year. Continuous marketing and sales efforts are made to obtain contract renewals on an annual basis. The ability to obtain contract renewals depends on our premium rates, competitive bids received by employers from our competitors, and employee satisfaction with our plans, among other factors. The cost of replacing lost members is higher than retaining members. Accordingly, membership retention is a primary focus of our marketing efforts. We strive for consistent employer and broker contracts and fair, justified renewal pricing in order to increase retention rates. We achieved a group dental retention rate of approximately 94.8% in 2016, compared to retention rates of 98.4% and 96.2% in 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Group Billing and Collection- We dedicate significant resources to achieving prompt and accurate billing for premiums, reimbursement for self-insured claims and ASO fees. We also have a structured process for monitoring and collecting our accounts receivable.

Customer Service- We provide customer service to employer group administrators, members, and providers. Customer service representatives respond promptly to employer, member and provider staff inquiries regarding member identification cards, benefit determinations, eligibility, benefit verification and claims payments. We strive to answer questions in one phone call. We monitor key customer service statistics in order to maintain positive customer relationships with all constituencies.

Information Technology-Our dental plan administration system allows us to easily adapt to benefit changes sought by employer groups. Our system also allows for increased efficiencies and cost savings in the functional areas of group marketing, enrollment, billing, collections, cash application, claims adjudication and claims payment by reducing manual processing and facilitating the development of electronic membership enrollment, group billing, payment and automated cash application. With this system, we have a high percentage of claims that can be electronically loaded and adjudicated. We are also focused on the importance of data integrity, security, ease of data extraction, and interfacing with banks, clearinghouses, and other business partners.

Provider Networks

Our networks are important to the success of our dental HMO and dental PPO plans. We maintain networks comprised of providers who have contracted with our subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2016, we had contracts with 2,910 providers operating out of 6,684 office locations in our dental HMO network. Of these participating provider office locations, there are 3,657 in Ohio, 2,341 in Kentucky, 611 in Indiana, and 75 in other states. Of the 2,910 participating providers, approximately 500 are shareholders who each own one or more Class A or Class B voting Redeemable Common Shares. As of December 31, 2016, we had provider contracts with 3,132 providers operating out of 7,184 office locations in our DentaSelect dental PPO network. Of these participating provider office locations, there are 4,068 in Ohio, 2,390 in Kentucky, 625 in Indiana, and 101 in other states. As of December 31, 2016, we had provider contracts with 2,206 providers operating out of 5,774 office locations in our new Balanced Value dental PPO network. Of these participating provider office locations, there are 3,118 in Ohio, 1,971 in Kentucky, 607 in Indiana, and 78 in other states. We actively recruit providers in each of our markets. In some instances, we identify expansion area counties where additional providers are needed and locate providers in these expansion area counties by reviewing state dental licensure records. In other cases, new employer group customers request that we recruit specific providers to which their employees desire access.

Before a provider can become a participating provider, we engage in extensive due diligence on the provider’s professional licenses, training and experience, and malpractice history. The provider must also be recommended by our Clinical Affairs Committee consisting of experienced providers who represent various dental specialties and some of who are also members of our Board of Directors (the “Board”).

Our provider contracts require that participating providers participate in periodic fee surveys for the purpose of establishing our fee schedules, to participate in and be bound by our utilization review and credentialing plans (see “Utilization Control and Quality Assurance Policies” below), to maintain a state license in good standing to practice dentistry, to maintain professional liability insurance coverage in amounts determined by our Clinical Affairs Committee, and to maintain patient records in a confidential manner. Our provider contracts are for a term of one year and are automatically renewed for successive one year periods unless a written termination notice is given by either party on 30 days’ notice.

Participating providers are reimbursed for services provided to members of our dental plans on a “fee-for-service” basis based on maximum allowable fee schedules we have developed or the actual fee charged by the provider, whichever is less. In most cases, our reimbursement to our participating providers for covered dental services under the dental HMO and the dental PPO are subject to a 10% withhold by us. The amounts withheld are not retained in a separate fund and we have no obligation to pay any portion of the amounts withheld to the providers.

The Company has a network access agreement with a national dental network management company that has one of the largest networks of providers under contract in the United States. With this network access agreement, Dental Care Plus dental PPO members have access to approximately 2,700 additional providers in our operating territories and approximately 45,300 additional providers throughout the United States. The Company also has a network access arrangement with another national dental administration company for the dental PPO plans that we offered on the FFM exchanges in 2016. With this network access arrangement, FFM exchange members have access to the following approximate number of providers in 2016 in these five states: Ohio – 2,900 providers; Indiana – 1,100 providers; Pennsylvania – 1,400 providers; Georgia – 1,700 providers; Tennessee – 700 providers.

Employees

At December 31, 2016, we had 94 employees. We have no collective bargaining agreements with any unions and believe that our overall relations with our employees are good.

Brokers and Consultants

Many of our employer groups and individual customers are represented by brokers and consultants who assist these customers in the design and purchase of health care products. We generally pay brokers a commission based on premiums collected, with commissions varying by market and premium volume, pursuant to our standard broker agreement. In addition to commissions based directly on premium volume for sales to particular customers, we also have programs that pay brokers and agents on other criteria. These include commission bonuses based on sales that attain certain levels or involve particular products. During 2016, approximately 57% of our business was generated by five independent brokers, one of which was responsible for generating approximately 19% of our total premium revenue.

Utilization Control and Quality Assurance Policies

Utilization control and quality assurance policies are essential to our success. Our benefits structure limits the frequency of various procedures in order to control utilization of dental care by members of our fully-insured and self-insured dental plans.

Each provider in our networks is obligated to adhere to our utilization review program. Non-compliance or continued deviations from the utilization review program will result in sanctions against a provider. Such sanctions may include probation, suspension or expulsion as a participating provider, and may also affect the provider’s ability to receive compensation from the plan for services provided to members. We believe that a stringent utilization review program is necessary to provide adequate cost containment and quality care.

Our Board appoints a committee of providers to determine that the utilization review program is being adhered to and updated as appropriate. The Clinical Affairs Committee is charged with reviewing service patterns of providers and requests for pretreatment estimates that do not clearly meet Company standards.

The Clinical Affairs Committee is also charged with retrospective review of covered services provided by providers to determine whether the frequency and nature of the services are in compliance with standards adopted by the Clinical Affairs Committee. The Clinical Affairs Committee may recommend that the participating agreement of a provider who is not in compliance with these standards be terminated, suspended or not renewed, or that benefits paid to the provider for particular services rendered by him or her be reduced.

Credentialing

We have a dedicated provider relations department that communicates with network providers and performs credentialing and re-credentialing of each participating provider. The Clinical Affairs Committee also has oversight of the credentialing of new providers that apply to be participating providers in our provider networks. This committee also oversees the periodic re-credentialing of providers already in one or more of our existing provider networks and evaluates whether a provider should be terminated from one or more of the provider networks if an action is filed against the provider with a state dental board or other regulatory agency or the provider loses his/her medical malpractice insurance coverage due to an adverse claim. The Clinical Affairs Committee is also charged in part with determining whether all participating providers maintain good standing with regulatory agencies. The recommendations of the Clinical Affairs Committee are forwarded to our Board for consideration and appropriate action.

The national provider network management companies with which we have a network access agreement perform credentialing and re-credentialing of each of their participating providers according to accepted industry standards.

Risk Management

We assess risks that may affect the Company’s financial results, operational capability, delivery of service and products to employer groups and plan members, and other significant risks. We evaluate industry trends, information technology changes and our operating efficiencies and results. We perform ongoing risk assessments and implement various measures to manage and mitigate identified risks. The Board has delegated responsibility for risk oversight to the Audit Committee. Quarterly, the Audit Committee reviews the Company’s risk assessment and discusses with Company management, significant financial and non-financial risks (see Item 1A-Risk Factors) and the steps management has taken to monitor and mitigate such risks. On a semi-annual basis the Audit Committee reviews the Company’s risk assessment with the Board.

Competition

The marketing and sale of fully-insured and self-insured dental benefit plans is highly competitive. Rising health care benefit premiums and changes in the economy have had an impact on the number of companies able to offer dental benefits to their employees. We primarily compete with medical and full-line ancillary carriers, other dental HMO carriers and national insurance companies that offer dental or vision coverage. Many of the companies with whom we compete are larger, have well-established local, regional, and/or national reputations, and have substantially greater brand recognition and financial and sales resources. It is possible that other competitors will emerge as the market for dental plans continues to develop. In group and individual dental insurance, our primary competitors are Guardian, MetLife, Humana and Anthem. These companies offer dental indemnity and dental PPO plans. Other competitors include Delta Dental of Ohio and Delta Dental of Kentucky that operate as dental HMOs and dental PPOs in which members receive certain benefit incentives to receive services from network providers. Most of these dental plans are similar to those offered by us in design, and they also pay providers on a fee-for-service basis. Dental indemnity plans lack the basic characteristics of a dental HMO plan, including contractually enforced utilization and quality assurance standards, limitations on providers’ fees, and members are not restricted to participating providers. Dental PPO plans include both in-network benefits similar to those of a dental HMO plan and out-of-network benefits like those associated with a dental indemnity plan. In the exchange dental business, our main competitors are Humana, Anthem, TruAssure, Dentegra and Best Life. Our main competitors in the fully-insured vision benefit area are Vision Service Plan and EyeMed, a subsidiary of Luxottica Group. We believe that our vision benefit plans are competitively priced and include sufficient benefits to compete effectively.

In 2016, our dental membership in Southwestern Ohio increased from approximately 227,300 members as of December 31, 2015 to approximately 234,500 members as of December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2016 we had approximately 224,700 dental HMO/IND members and 9,800 dental PPO members in Southwestern Ohio. Dental membership in Northern Kentucky increased slightly from approximately 24,400 members at December 31, 2015 to approximately 24,800 at December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, all of the 24,800 members in Northern Kentucky were dental HMO/IND members. Our dental benefits market share of approximately 15% to 20% in the Southwestern Ohio and Northern Kentucky market gives us a strong competitive position. This market share is due to our large provider networks, competitive pricing and customer service. As of December 31, 2016, we had 1,451 providers in our provider networks which represent approximately 95% of the licensed providers in Southwestern Ohio and Northern Kentucky.

In 2016, our dental membership in the Dayton and Central Ohio markets decreased from approximately 43,700 members as of December 31, 2015 to approximately 43,000 members as of December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 31,900 dental PPO members and approximately 11,100 dental HMO/IND members in the Dayton and Central Ohio markets. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 1,722 providers in our dental PPO provider network in the Dayton and Central Ohio markets.

In 2016, our dental membership in Southern Kentucky increased from approximately 24,000 members as of December 31, 2015 to approximately 25,100 members as of December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 23,000 dental PPO members and approximately 2,100 dental HMO/IND members in Southern Kentucky. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 1,479 providers in our dental HMO provider network and 1,520 providers in our standard dental PPO provider network in Southern Kentucky.

Customers

During 2016, approximately 10% of our total premium revenue was generated by four fully-insured employer groups. Also during 2016, approximately 11% of our total revenue was generated by two self-insured employer groups. As we continue to increase the number of employers and members in our dental plans, these employers as a source of revenue and enrollment will lessen in proportion to our total revenue and size.

Each of our group customers signs a standard form contract, which differs depending on whether the customer is fully-insured or self-insured. There are two standard form contracts for fully-insured customers – one for employer-sponsored plans, and one for voluntary employee plans. Most of our standard form contracts are for one year terms. Certain contracts extend for a two-year or three-year term. The employer group customers may terminate our fully-insured customer contracts by giving 30-days’ prior written notice, yet the fully-insured customer contracts are non-cancelable by the Company during the contract term unless the contract coverage terminates due to non-payment of premium when due. Our self-insured customer contracts can be canceled by the Company or employer group by giving 60-days’ prior written notice. The premium rates set forth in each fully-insured customer contract remain in effect during each term, and may only be increased at renewal.

Each of our individual subscribers outside of the FFM exchanges purchasing a policy selects a fully-insured dental HMO and PPO plan. These individual dental policies begin on an effective date and extend for 12 months. Individual subscribers may terminate their fully-insured policy with notice, yet the fully-insured individual policies are non-cancelable by the Company during the policy term unless the policy coverage terminates due to non-payment of premium when due.

Each of our individual subscribers on the FFM exchanges selects a fully-insured dental PPO plan. An individual dental policy purchased on the FFM exchanges will begin on an effective date in a calendar year and extend until December 31^st of that calendar year. An individual subscriber may terminate their fully-insured policy by giving 14-days’ prior written notice. The Company may cancel a policy with 30-days’ prior written notice to the subscriber in the event (1) the subscriber submits a fraudulent claim or makes a material misrepresentation; (2) the subscriber does not pay the insurance premium subject to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) grace period rules; (3) the Company withdraws the dental product from the exchange; or (4) the Company withdraws from the exchange’s individual market.

Insurance Regulations

State insurance laws and other governmental regulations establish various licensing, operational, financial and other requirements relating to our business. State insurance departments in which we do business are empowered to interpret such laws of their respective states and promulgate regulations applicable to our business. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) is a voluntary association of all of the state insurance commissioners in the United States. The primary function of the NAIC is to develop model laws on key insurance regulatory issues that can be used as guidelines for individual states in adopting or enacting insurance legislation. While NAIC model laws are accorded substantial deference within the insurance industry, these laws are not binding and variations from the model laws from state to state exist.

Dental Care Plus is dually licensed as a life and health insurance company and as a health insuring corporation providing specialty health care services under Ohio law, as a limited health service benefit plan in Kentucky, and as a life and health insurance company and a dental HMO in Indiana. Dental Care Plus is also licensed as a life, accident and health company in Pennsylvania, as a life, accident and sickness company in Georgia, as an accident and health company in Tennessee, as a life and health insurance company in Illinois, and as an accident and sickness insurance company and a managed care health insurance plan in Virginia. The regulations of each state insurance department include specific requirements with regard to such matters as minimum capital and surplus, reserves, permitted investments, contract terms, policy forms, claims processing requirements and annual reports. If Dental Care Plus fails to maintain compliance with all material regulations, regulatory authorities are empowered to take certain actions against it, such as revoking its license, imposing monetary penalties, taking over supervision of its operations, or seeking a court order for the rehabilitation, liquidation or conservation of Dental Care Plus.

DCP Holding Company is a licensed TPA in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana. Insurance Associates Plus is licensed in Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana as an insurance agency. As such, it is required to have at least one insurance agent licensed in each of those states. If Insurance Associates Plus fails to meet this requirement in Ohio, Kentucky, or Indiana, its license could be revoked by the state. Adenta is licensed as a life and health insurance agency in Kentucky and Indiana.

NAIC Accounting Principles- In 1998, the NAIC adopted the Codification of Statutory Accounting Principles (“Codification” or “SAP”) that became the NAIC’s primary guidance on statutory accounting. The Ohio Department of Insurance has adopted the Codification. SAP differs in some respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). For public reporting, we prepare consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. However, certain data must also be calculated according to statutory accounting rules as defined in the NAIC’s Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual. While not a substitute for any GAAP measure of performance, statutory data frequently is used by industry analysts and other recognized reporting sources to facilitate comparisons of the performance of insurance companies. For example, select significant differences for the Company are:

-Similar to GAAP, deferred income taxes are provided on temporary differences between the statutory and tax bases of assets and liabilities for SAP; however, statutory deferred tax assets are limited based upon tests that determine what is an admitted asset under SAP. Under SAP, the change in deferred taxes is recorded directly to surplus as opposed to GAAP where the change is recorded to current operations.

-Deferred acquisition costs are incremental direct costs that are essential to the contract transaction and would not have been incurred had the contract transaction not occurred. For GAAP purposes, the Company defers acquisition costs and amortizes them over the estimated lives of the contracts in proportion to premiums earned. Under SAP, these acquisition costs are expensed as incurred.

-For GAAP, capital leases are recorded on the balance sheet as property and equipment with a corresponding capital lease obligation. Subsequently, depreciation expense and interest expense are recorded in current operations. SAP requires that all leases are classified as operating leases and expensed over the lease term.

Risk Based Capital- The NAIC’s Risk-Based Capital for Life and/or Health Insurers Model Act (the “Model Act”) provides a tool for insurance regulators to determine the levels of statutory capital and surplus an insurer must maintain in relation to its insurance and investment risks and whether there is a need for possible regulatory action. The Model Act (or similar legislation or regulation) has been adopted in states where Dental Care Plus does business. The Model Act provides for three levels of regulatory action, varying with the ratio of the insurance company’s total adjusted capital (defined as the total of its statutory capital and surplus, asset valuation reserve and certain other adjustments) to its authorized control level risk-based capital (“RBC”):

-If a company’s total adjusted capital is less than or equal to 200 percent but greater than 150 percent of its RBC (the “Company Action Level”), the company must submit a comprehensive plan aimed at improving its capital position to the regulatory authority proposing corrective actions.

-If a company’s total adjusted capital is less than or equal to 150 percent but greater than 100 percent of its RBC (the “Regulatory Action Level”), the regulatory authority will perform a special examination of the company and issue an order specifying the corrective actions that must be followed.

-If a company’s total adjusted capital is less than or equal to 100 percent but greater than 70 percent of its RBC (the “Authorized Control Level”), the regulatory authority may place the company under the regulatory authority’s control.

-If a company’s total adjusted capital is less than or equal to 70 percent of its RBC (the “Mandatory Control Level”), the regulatory authority must place the company under the regulatory authority’s control.

In addition to the levels of regulatory action described above, the regulatory authority may impose restrictions, reporting or other requirements on companies whenever the regulatory authority determines that the financial condition of the company warrants such action, notwithstanding the fact that the company meets the requirements of the Model Act. A regulatory authority may also seek an order of the courts placing the company in rehabilitation, liquidation or conservation whenever the regulatory authority determines that the company’s financial condition is hazardous, notwithstanding the fact that the company may be in compliance with the requirements of the Model Act.

Dental Care Plus’s statutory annual statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the Ohio Department of Insurance, reflected total adjusted capital in excess of Company Action Level RBC.

Government Regulations

Our management proactively monitors compliance with governmental laws and regulations affecting our Company. We are unable to predict how existing federal or state laws and regulations may be changed, what additional laws or regulations affecting our business may be enacted or proposed, when and which of the proposed laws will be adopted or the effect that any such new laws and regulations will have on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. For a description of material current activities in the federal and state legislative areas, see the “Item 1A – Risk Factors” in this report.

Executive Officers and Key Employees

Each of our executive officers is appointed to serve a one-year term. Anthony A. Cook and Robert C. Hodgkins, Jr. are the only executive officers that have an employment agreement with the Company.

The name and age of each of the present officers of the Company follows along with a brief professional biography.

Anthony A. Cook, MS, MBA, 66, President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. Mr. Cook has been President and Chief Executive Officer of Dental Care Plus since February 2001 and, upon reorganization of Dental Care Plus, also assumed the role of President and Chief Executive Officer for the Company. In November 2008, Mr. Cook became a Director of the Company. Mr. Cook has over 30 years of management experience in the health care industry. He has HMO experience as a Plan Administrator, the Director of Health Systems for the largest Blue Cross and Blue Shield HMO in Ohio, as well as the Executive Director of a provider owned health plan. Before arriving at Dental Care Plus, Mr. Cook consulted with executives of health care organizations in developing capabilities to succeed in a managed care environment. Mr. Cook has a bachelor’s degree in psychology and a master’s degree in guidance and counseling from Youngstown State University as well as a Master of Business Administration degree from Baldwin-Wallace College in Cleveland, Ohio.

Robert C. Hodgkins, Jr., MBA, CPA, 57, Vice President - Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Hodgkins has been Vice President-Chief Financial Officer of Dental Care Plus since July 2003 and, upon reorganization of Dental Care Plus, became Vice President-Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Previously, Mr. Hodgkins was a Senior Manager in the Cincinnati office of PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP, specializing in financial management and consulting to the health care industry from 1997 through 2002. Mr. Hodgkins also was a Director in the Finance Division of Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts (BCBSMA) from 1995 through 1997. He is a Certified Public Accountant licensed in Ohio and a past President of the Southwestern Ohio Chapter of the Healthcare Financial Management Association. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Engineering from Northwestern University and a Master of Business Administration from the J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University.

Jodi M. Fronczek, 45, Chief Operations Officer. Ms. Fronczek has been employed by Dental Care Plus since May 1990. She has been Chief Operations Officer for the Company since February 2010. Prior to that, she was Director of Group Benefits and Product Development (2006 – 2010), Director of Claims/Member Services (1997 - 2006), and Claims Manager (1991 – 1997). Ms. Fronczek is a graduate of the University of Cincinnati and holds an Associate’s degree in office administration. She actively represents the Company as a member of the National Association of Dental Plans (NADP) and the National Dental EDI Council (NDEDIC) and previously served as a member of the Professional Relations Committee for NADP.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, all amendments to those reports, and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) are available on the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov). Copies of these documents will be available without charge to any shareholder upon request. Requests should be directed in writing to the Company at 100 Crowne Point Place, Sharonville, Ohio 45241. In addition, the public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F. Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operations of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected, and the value of our shares could decline. The risks and uncertainties described below are those that we currently believe may materially affect our Company.

Adverse changes in economic conditions could adversely affect the Company’s business and results of operations.

Any adverse changes in the market conditions could adversely affect our customers. As a result, our employer group customers may seek to control their employee benefit costs including their dental plan benefits, which may lead to limited rate increases, fewer new sales and the loss of some dental plan membership. These factors may affect the Company’s revenue in the short-term.

Our ability to achieve our performance objectives could be affected by changes in the financial, credit and capital markets.

We invest premiums received from policyholders and other available cash to generate investment income and capital appreciation, while also maintaining sufficient liquidity to pay covered claims and operating expenses, and service our debt obligations. Investment income is an important component of our revenues and net income. The ability to increase investment income and generate longer-term growth in book value is affected by factors beyond our control, such as inflation, economic growth, interest rates, world political conditions, changes in laws and regulations, market events leading to credit constriction, and other unpredictable events. These events may adversely affect the economy generally and could cause our investment income or the value of securities we own to decrease. A significant decline in our investment income could have an adverse effect on our net income and on our shareholders’ equity. For example, a significant increase in the general level of interest rates could lead to falling bond values. For more detailed discussion of risks associated with our investments, please refer to Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Our business is highly concentrated in a limited geographic area and adverse economic conditions within the markets in which we do business could impair or reverse our growth trends and have a negative effect on our premium revenue and net income.

The operations of our subsidiaries have concentrated premium revenue in the Southwestern Ohio, Central Ohio, Northern Kentucky and Southern Kentucky markets, although our primary operations are in Southwestern Ohio. A prolonged regional economic downturn could cause employers to stop offering dental coverage as an employee benefit or elect to offer dental on a voluntary, employee-funded basis as a means to reduce their operating costs. A decrease in employer groups offering dental coverage on an employer sponsored basis could lead to a decrease in our membership, premium revenue and net income.

Our business is dependent upon a limited number of customers, and the loss of any one such customer could result in a loss of substantial premium revenue.

During 2016, approximately 10% of our total premium revenue was generated by four fully-insured employer groups. Also during 2016, approximately 11% of our total revenue was generated by two self-insured employer groups. If our relationship with any one of these employers were to terminate, our dental membership and the related premium revenue would decrease, which could lead to lower net income.

A small number of independent brokers source a substantial portion of our business, and the loss of any one such broker could result in a loss of substantialpremium revenue.

During 2016, approximately 57% of our business was generated by five independent brokers, one of which was responsible for generating approximately 19% of our total premium revenue. If our relationship with any of these brokers were to terminate, our premium revenue could decrease materially.

Because our premiums are fixed by contract, we are unable to increase our premiums during the contract term if our claims costs exceed our estimates due to higher than expected dental services utilization.

Dental services utilization by members of our fully-insured dental plans may be higher than expected, resulting in higher than anticipated healthcare services expense and a reduction in our net income. Dental costs are subject to a high rate of inflation due to many factors, including new higher priced technologies and dental procedures, new dental service techniques and therapies, an aging population, the tort liability system and government regulations. If our claims costs exceed our estimates, we will be unable to adjust the premiums we receive under our current contracts, which may result in a decrease in our net income.

Our customers’ decisions to transition from a fully-insured to a self-insured dental plan or from a self-insured to a fully-insured dental plan could result in lower gross margins and increased costs.

In recent years, a number of fully-insured dental members shifted to our self-insured dental products. Additionally, a number of self-insured members shifted to our fully-insured dental products. If our customers continue to shift from a fully-insured dental product to a self-insured dental product, our dental gross margin may decrease. If our customers shift from a self-insured dental product to a fully-insured dental product, our capital and surplus requirements will increase. In both instances, we may incur significant transitioning costs.

The financial strength rating assigned to Dental Care Plus may be downgraded, which could result in a loss of employer groups and brokers, which may, in turn, cause our premium revenue to decline.

A.M. Best assigns a rating to companies that have, in their opinion, an ability to meet their ongoing obligations to policyholders, but are financially vulnerable to adverse changes in underwriting and economic conditions. In July 2016 and 2015, A.M. Best affirmed our B+ (Good) rating. In July 2014, A.M. Best upgraded our rating to B+ (Good) with a stable outlook. In July 2013, A.M. Best upgraded our B (Fair) rating. Prior to July 2013, our B- (Fair) rating was annually affirmed in each year from 2006 through 2012. Our A.M. Best rating is a measure of our financial strength relative to other insurance companies and is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities. The rating assigned by A.M. Best Company is based, in part, on the ratio of our fully-insured premium revenue to our statutory capital and surplus. If Dental Care Plus continues to experience growth in its fully-insured premium revenue but does not retain enough of its earnings or obtain new sources of capital, the rating assigned to Dental Care Plus may be downgraded. If a downgrade were to occur, employer groups may decline to renew their annual or multi-year contract with us, and brokers may refuse to market our dental products. In addition, a downgrade may make it difficult for us to contract with new employer groups and new brokers. The loss of existing employer groups, and the loss of brokers may lead to a loss of premium revenue.

If we fail to maintain contracts with an adequate number ofproviders, it may be difficult to attract and retain employer groups, which may lead to a loss of premium revenue.

Our business strategy is dependent to a large extent upon our continued maintenance of our provider networks. Generally, our participating provider contracts allow either party to terminate on limited notice (generally 30 days prior to annual renewal). If we are unable to continue to establish and maintain contracts with an adequate number of providers in our networks, employer groups may not renew their contracts with us and it may be difficult to attract new employer groups, which may lead to a loss of premium revenue.

We encounter significant competition that may limit our ability to increase or maintain membership in the markets we serve, which may harm our growth and our operating results.

We operate in a highly competitive environment. We compete for employer groups principally on the basis of the size, location and quality of our provider networks, premium rates, benefits provided, quality of service and reputation. A number of these competitive elements are partially dependent upon and can be positively affected by financial resources available to a dental plan. Many other organizations with which we compete have substantially greater financial and other resources than we do. For example, our competitors include Delta Dental of Ohio, which has an A.M. Best rating of A (Excellent) and Delta Dental of Kentucky, which has an A.M. Best rating of A- (Excellent). We also compete with the dental divisions of the medical insurance carriers in our markets, such as Humana Dental Insurance Company, which has an A.M. Best rating of A- (Excellent) and Anthem Blue Cross Life and Health Insurance Company, which has an A.M. Best rating of A (Excellent). In addition, we compete with national insurance carriers such as Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and Guardian Life Insurance Company of America, which have A.M. Best ratings of A+ (Superior) and A++ (Superior), respectively. Given the higher ratings and financial strength of many of our competitors, we may encounter difficulty in increasing or maintaining our dental membership in the future.

Health insurance companiesmay continue to offer premium concessions if employer groups sign up for their medical, dental or vision plans, which could result in the loss of employer groups and a decrease in our premium revenue.

Many of the health insurance companies that operate in the Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana markets offer combined medical, dental and vision plans to employer groups. If these companies offer a premium concession on the medical plan to an employer group that signs up for their dental or vision plan as well, employer groups may decide to purchase the bundled medical, dental and vision plans to save money on their medical premium. As a result, we could experience significant loss of premium revenues.

We are subject to substantialfederalgovernment regulation. New laws or regulations, changes in existing laws or regulations and changes in public policy could adversely affect the markets for our products and our profitability.

Public Policy - It is not possible to predict with certainty the effect of fundamental public policy changes that could adversely affect the Company. On March 23, 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) was passed into law. Thus far, in the states in which we operate, the provisions of the ACA have been inconsistently implemented which makes it difficult for a stand-alone dental plan to enroll and retain membership. In accordance with the provisions of the ACA of 2010, effective January 1, 2014, the federal government imposed an annual assessment on all U.S. health insurers of approximately $8 billion in 2014. This annual assessment increases each year and is expected to be $14.3 billion in 2018. This annual assessment is allocated to individual health insurers based on the ratio of the insurer’s net premiums written during the preceding calendar year to the total health insurance premiums for any U.S. risk premium written for that same year.

President Trump and the new Congress may legislate additional changes in health care policy that could materially affect our profitability and cash flow, our ability to retain or grow our business and our financial position. Finally, we are unable to predict how the cost to employers of complying with this law will affect decisions those employers make with respect to offering dental and/or vision benefits to employees.

HIPAA - The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) authorized the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) to adopt a series of regulations designed to simplify the exchange of information electronically between health plans and health care providers and to promote efficiency within the health care industry, as well as to protect the confidentiality and security of individually identifiable health information. Pursuant to this authority, HHS has adopted a series of regulations which are applicable to “Covered Entities,” which include health care providers, health plans and health care clearinghouses (collectively the “HIPAA Regulations”). Failing to comply with these HIPAA Regulations could result in significant civil penalties.

ARRA - The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (“ARRA”) contained several changes to the privacy and security rules under HIPAA. These changes are contained in the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (the “HITECH” Act) provisions of the ARRA, and apply to all entities subject to the HIPAA privacy rules, including group health plans sponsored by employers. First, the HITECH Act makes several provisions of the HIPAA privacy and security rules directly applicable to the business associates of a group health plan. In addition, the HITECH Act contains notification rules that apply when there is a breach of the privacy rules due to an improper disclosure of unsecured protected health information (“PHI”). Generally, if a covered entity such as a group health plan discovers that an improper disclosure of unsecured PHI has occurred, the covered entity must notify the affected individuals whose PHI was breached. Covered entities must also notify the Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) of breaches and, if a breach affects more than 500 residents of a state or jurisdiction, the covered entity must provide notice of the breach to a prominent media outlet serving the state or jurisdiction. In addition, a business associate must notify a covered entity when it discovers a breach of unsecured PHI. Failing to comply with the breach notification rules could result in significant civil penalties.

GLBA- The Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 (the “Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act,” or “GLBA”) contains privacy provisions and introduced new controls over the use of an individual’s nonpublic personal data by financial institutions, including insurance companies, insurance agents and brokers licensed by state insurance regulatory authorities. The privacy provisions of GLBA that became effective in July 2001 require a financial institution to provide written notice of its privacy practices to all of its customers. In addition, a financial institution is required to provide its customers with an opportunity to opt out of certain uses of their non-public personal information. Failing to comply with GLBA Regulations could result in significant civil penalties.

If we fail to comply with applicable privacy and security laws, regulations and standards, including with respect to third-party service providers that utilize sensitive personal information on our behalf, or if we fail to address emerging security threats or detect and prevent privacy and security incidents, our business, reputation, financial position and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

Our business is heavily regulated by the states in which we do business, and our failure to comply with regulatory requirements could lead to a loss of our authority to do business in such states.

Our business is subject to substantial government regulation, principally under the insurance laws of those states in which we do business. We will also become subject to the insurance laws and regulations of other states in which our subsidiaries may in the future conduct business. These laws, which vary from state to state, generally require our subsidiaries to be licensed by the relevant state insurance department. With respect to our fully-insured dental products, these laws and regulations also establish operational, financial and other requirements. Dental Care Plus is currently required to maintain a minimum capital and surplus of approximately $2.5 million according to the regulations for the state of Ohio. The ability of Dental Care Plus to maintain such minimum required capital and surplus is directly dependent on the ability of Dental Care Plus to maintain a profitable business. Dental Care Plus operates in states that regulate its payment of dividends and debt service on inter-company loans, as well as other inter-company cash transfers and require minimum levels of equity as well as limit investments to approved securities. The amount of dividends that may be paid by Dental Care Plus, without prior approval by state regulatory authorities, is limited based on statutory income and statutory capital and surplus. Failure to maintain compliance with the minimum required capital and surplus of each state could result in Dental Care Plus becoming subject to supervision by the insurance regulatory agencies in those states in which we do business, and could further result in the suspension or revocation of Dental Care Plus’s Certificate of Authority in states in which we operate, monetary penalties, or the rehabilitation or liquidation of Dental Care Plus.

Due to the restrictions on the eligible owners of our common shares, we are limited in how we can raise capital to support the continued growth of our business.

At the present time, the only eligible owners of our Class A common shares and Class B common shares are providers, employees and members of the Board of Directors. As of January 2014, non-provider individuals are eligible owners of our Class C voting common shares (with a limitation on the number of Class C shares that may be outstanding at any time as a percentage of Class A and Class B shares). We are able to offer non-voting preferred shares to institutional investors, but there are a limited number of institutional investors that will invest their capital with the Company without voting rights or some other means to have formal influence over the direction of the Company. Given the restriction on eligible owners of our common shares, we may not be successful in raising new capital, which would result in our need to retain our earnings, and this may limit our ability to continue our consistent trend of premium growth.

As a result of the aging and retirements of ourprovider shareholders, we anticipate requests to redeem an increasing number of common shares each year resulting in a reduction in the level or amount of the redeemable common shares on our consolidated balance sheet.

As of December 31, 2016, approximately 293 of our network provider shareholders were 60 years old or older and these shareholders owned, in the aggregate, 4,797 of our Class A and Class B Redeemable Common Shares. Pursuant to the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Code of Regulations (the “Code of Regulations”), retiring providers have the right to require the Company to repurchase such provider’s common shares on the terms contained in the Code of Regulations. Generally, we will be required to purchase the shares for a price equal to the book value of his or her common shares at the time of the redemption request and the repurchase will typically occur within three months of the date the request is made. However, the Code of Regulations provides for other payment terms and timing in certain circumstances. We will need to fund these anticipated increased shareholder redemptions by retaining earnings or raising additional capital.

A decrease in the working capital and liquidity of our business may have an adverse effect on our ability to meet debt service requirements.

If the working capital of our business were to decrease significantly due to an increase in accounts receivable, the loss of a significant number of employer groups or a period of continuing operating losses, we may be forced to liquidate portfolio investments in order to meet debt service requirements resulting in a reduction of our investment income and could result in a material reduction in our capital and surplus balance. If the accounts receivable balances from certain employer groups are greater than 90 days past due, these accounts receivable become non-admitted assets for statutory accounting purposes, leading to a decrease in our statutory basis capital and surplus balance. If our statutory-basis capital and surplus is lowered materially, the Ohio Department of Insurance may commence adverse regulatory action against us, ranging from requesting corrective action to assuming control of Dental Care Plus, and A.M. Best may consider lowering our financial strength rating.

Managing technology initiatives and meeting data security requirements are significant challenges.

We necessarily collect, use and hold data concerning individuals and businesses with whom we have a relationship. Threats to data security, including unauthorized access and cyber-attacks, rapidly emerge and change, exposing us to additional costs for protection or remediation and competing time constraints to secure our data in accordance with customer expectations and statutory and regulatory requirements.

While we take all reasonable measures to keep our systems and data secure, it is difficult or impossible to defend against every risk being posed by changing technologies as well as criminal intent on committing cyber-crime. Increasing sophistication of cyber-criminals and terrorists make keeping up with new threats difficult and could result in a breach. We could also experience a breach by intentional or negligent conduct on the part of associates or other internal sources. Our systems may become vulnerable to damage or disruption due to circumstances beyond our control, such as from catastrophic events, power anomalies or outages, natural disasters, network failures, viruses and malware.

A breach of our security that results in unauthorized access to our data could expose us to a disruption or challenges relating to our daily operations as well as to data loss, litigation, damages, fines and penalties, significant increases in compliance costs, and reputational damage.

ITEM 1B.

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None

ITEM 2.

PROPERTIES

We currently maintain our principal place of business at 100 Crowne Point Place, Sharonville, Ohio 45241, which we own. We believe that our existing facility is adequate to support our business.

ITEM 3.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are not a party to any pending legal proceedings that we believe would, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

ITEM 4.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

PART II

ITEM 5.

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market for Redeemable Common Shares

There is no established public trading market for the Class A, Class B or Class C Redeemable Common Shares. In addition, there are significant restrictions contained in the Company’s Code of Regulations on the ability to transfer the Class A, Class B and Class C Redeemable Common Shares.

Holders

As of December 31, 2016, there were 506 holders of Class A Redeemable Common Shares, 536 holders of Class B Redeemable Common Shares and 41 holders of Class C Redeemable Common Shares.

Dividend Policy

On February 8, 2017, our Board of Directors declared a $42.50 per share dividend for all holders of Class A, Class B and Class C Redeemable Common Shares of record on March 1, 2017, to be paid on March 24, 2017. With the dividend, the holders of restricted share units will receive an equivalent share based dividend.

See Item 12 under PART III for securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans.

RecentSales ofUnregisteredSecurities

In the fourth quarter of 2016 we did not have any sale activity.

Performance of Redeemable Common Shares

Pursuant to our Code of Regulations, the Company’s Redeemable Common Shares are sold and repurchased by the Company at book value. The book value of a Company Redeemable Common Share was $1,110, $1,012, $997, $894, and $815 at December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.

Purchases of Equity Securities

We repurchased and retired 1 Class A Redeemable Common Shares and 61 Class B Redeemable Common Shares during the three months ended December 31, 2016, as follows:

Period	Total ClassA shares purchased^(a)		Total ClassB shares purchased^(a)		Total ClassC shares purchased^(a)		Average price paid per share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
October 1 – October 31, 2016		0		50		0		$1,072.47		0		N/A
November 1 – November 30, 2016		0		0		0		N/A		0		N/A
December 1 – December 31, 2016		1		11		0		$1,130.97		0		N/A

^(a) Repurchased from shareholder in accordance with the Company’s obligations under its Code of Regulations.

ITEM 6.

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table sets forth selected consolidated financial information for the Company and its subsidiaries for the years indicated. The financial information should be read together with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report.

(All amounts in thousands)

	2016		2015		2014		2013		2012
Premium revenue	$	105,594	$	98,261	$	91,936	$	86,363	$	80,153
Investment income		274		252		222		164		128
Other income and realized gains, net		128		3		92		61		102
Net income		1,989		958		1,341		1,282		1,318
Total assets		78,082		60,344		57,239		56,903		37,338
Mortgage loan payable and capital lease obligations		1,706		2,068		2,019		1,674		1,451
Redeemable institutional preferred shares		-		2,751		2,709		2,563		1,453
Cash dividends declared, common and preferred		510		481		425		392		244

ITEM 7.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

Headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio, the Dental Care Plus Group offers to Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana employer groups of all sizes dental HMO, dental PPO, dental indemnity and vision PPO benefit plans and related services. The Company also offers dental PPO plans to individuals and small groups on the Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Georgia and Tennessee exchanges and individual dental HMO and PPO plans in Ohio and Kentucky. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 382,100 members in our dental and vision benefit programs with approximately 2,900 providers participating in our dental HMO network, approximately 3,100 providers participating in our DentaSelect dental PPO network and approximately 2,200 in our Balanced Value dental PPO network. The Company has a network access agreement with a national dental network management company that has one of the largest PPO networks of providers under contract in the United States. With this network access agreement, our dental PPO members have access to approximately 2,700 additional providers in Ohio and Indiana and approximately 45,300 additional providers throughout the United States. The Company also has other network access arrangements for the dental PPO plans that it offers on the Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Georgia and Tennessee exchanges. With this network access arrangement, FFM exchange members have access to the following approximate number of providers in 2016 in these five states: Ohio – 2,900 providers; Indiana – 1,100 providers; Pennsylvania – 1,400 providers; Georgia – 1,700 providers; Tennessee – 700 providers.

We manage our business with four reportable segments: fully-insured dental HMO and indemnity (“dental HMO/IND”), fully-insured dental PPO, self-insured dental, and corporate, all other. Self-insured dental consists of the self-insured dental HMO, self-insured dental PPO and self-insured dental indemnity products. Corporate, all other primarily consists of revenue associated with our dental and vision products underwritten by third-party insurance carriers and certain other corporate activities.

The results of our fully-insured dental HMO/IND, fully-insured dental PPO and self-insured dental segments are measured by gross profit. We do not measure the gross profit of our corporate, all other segment. We do not allocate investment and other income, insurance expenses, assets or liabilities to our segments because these measures are not used to analyze the segments. Our segments do not share overhead costs or assets. We do, however, measure the contributions of each of our fully-insured and self-insured segments to costs retained in our corporate, all other segment.

Profitability Strategy

Our strategy focuses on providing solutions to employers and individuals to manage the rising cost of dental care by leveraging our products that give employer groups and members options that meet their needs. We strive to provide excellent customer service to our employer groups, members, brokers and providers. Additionally, we have increased the diversification of our membership base, not only through our newer products, but also by entering new geographic territories.

In our markets, there has been limited growth in recent years in the number of individuals enrolled in dental benefit plans. However, there has been a shift of membership out of the more expensive dental indemnity products into the dental PPO products that offer both less expensive in-network benefits and out-of-network benefits. At the same time, members have migrated away from dental HMO products with very limited provider networks. While these dental HMO products are the least expensive, employers and members have focused their attention on the dental PPO products that offer broad provider access with the cost control associated within a contracted provider network for the in-network portion of the dental services rendered. Prior to the advent of the ACA, there was limited growth in the number of individuals enrolled in dental benefit plans. Beginning in 2014, there has been a significant increase in publicly funded dental membership that was the result of the expansion of Medicaid in certain states and the dental membership associated with state-based insurance exchanges across the country.

In our original eight county service area, our non-exclusive dental HMO provider network includes approximately 95% of the dental providers in the market. This area, which we refer to as our original eight county service area, includes Butler, Clermont, Hamilton and Warren counties in Ohio, and Boone, Campbell, Kenton and Pendleton counties in Kentucky. In that market our dental HMO provides the broad provider access of a dental PPO along with effective utilization and cost control features. Because of the broad provider network and our professional support services to employers, our fully-insured dental HMO is priced higher than other dental HMOs and has premium rates more equivalent to competitor dental PPOs.

We have experienced steady growth in membership and revenue in our dental products during the last five years. We attribute this growth to our broad provider networks, competitive premium rates for our fully-insured business and ASO fees for our self-insured business, and our commitment to providing outstanding customer service to all of our constituencies (employer groups, members, brokers, and providers).

Historically, healthcare services expense has generally increased for both the fully-insured dental segment and the self-insured dental segment. We continue to review and adjust our provider fee schedules where appropriate. Other important factors that have an impact on our profitability are both the competitive pricing environment and market conditions. With respect to pricing, there is a tradeoff between sustaining or increasing underwriting margins versus increasing enrollment. With respect to market conditions, economies of scale have an impact on our administrative overhead. As a result of a decline in preference for more closely managed dental HMO products, dental costs have become increasingly comparable among our larger competitors. Product design and consumer involvement have become more important drivers of dental services consumption, and administrative expense efficiency is becoming a more significant driver of margin sustainability. Consequently, we continually evaluate our administrative expense structure and attempt to realize administrative expense savings principally through technology improvements.

Highlights

●

We had net income of approximately $1,989,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to net income of approximately $958,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase in net income is primarily the result of higher gross margin of approximately $3,517,000 offset by an increase in insurance expense of approximately $2,067,000. Our ratio of insurance expense to total premium revenue (“insurance expense ratio”) increased to 21.0% in 2016 from 20.4% in 2015.

●

Our ratio of healthcare services expense to premium revenue (“loss ratio”) decreased by approximately 1.8% from 78.0% in 2015 to 76.2% in 2016. The improved loss ratio impacted 2016 by approximately $132,000 in gross margin. The fully-insured dental HMO/IND and fully-insured dental PPO segments together represent approximately 71.7% of our total dental business.

●

Our dental and vision products grew by approximately 19,900 members, or 5.5%, from 362,200 members at December 31, 2015 to 382,100 members at December 31, 2016. This membership increase from December 31, 2015 is due to an increase in fully-insured dental HMO/IND membership of approximately 8,800 members, an increase in fully-insured dental PPO membership of approximately 9,700 members and an increase in corporate, all other membership of approximately 3,900 members. This was offset by a slight decrease in self-insured dental membership of approximately 2,500 members.

●

In March 2016, we paid a dividend of $40.47 per share to shareholders of record for all Redeemable Common Shares. We paid a dividend in March 2015 of $39.86 per share to shareholders of record for all Redeemable Common Shares.

●

During 2016, we sold an aggregate of 433 Class B and 1,766 Class C Redeemable Common Shares for approximately $2,280,000. The net proceeds, with available cash, was used to repurchase all outstanding shares of the Company’s Redeemable Institutional Preferred Shares.

Comparison of Results of Operations for 2016 and 2015

The following table shows membership totals and revenues and expenses for our four business segments for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (dollars in thousands):

	2016		2015		Change
Membership:
Fully-insured dental HMO/IND		167,000		158,200		5.6	%
Fully-insured dental PPO		79,500		69,800		13.9	%
Self-insured dental		95,500		98,000		(2.6	%)
Corporate, all other		40,100		36,200		10.8	%
Total membership		382,100		362,200		5.5	%

Premium revenue:
Fully-insured dental HMO /IND	$	53,393	$	49,458		8.0	%
Fully-insured dental PPO		22,363		19,198		16.5	%
Self-insured dental		29,067		28,922		0.5	%
Corporate, all other		771		683		12.9	%
Total premium revenue		105,594		98,261		7.5	%

Investment income:
Corporate, All Other		274		252		8.7	%

Other income and realized gains, net:
Corporate, All Other		128		3		4166.7	%
Total revenue		105,996		98,516		7.6	%

Healthcare services expense:
Fully-insured dental HMO/IND		39,995		37,346		7.1	%
Fully-insured dental PPO		15,391		14,384		7.0	%
Self-insured dental		25,114		24,954		0.6	%
Total healthcare services expense		80,500		76,684		5.0	%

Insurance expense
Corporate, All Other		22,143		20,076		10.3	%

Income tax expense
Corporate, All Other		1,363		798		70.8	%

Summary

Net income was approximately $1,989,000 and $958,000 for 2016 and 2015, respectively. This increase in net income is primarily the result of an increase in premium revenue of approximately $7,333,000 offset by an increase in healthcare services expense of approximately $3,816,000 in 2016. The increase in gross margin of approximately $3,517,000 was offset by an increase in insurance expenses of $2,067,000 in 2016. Our ratio of insurance expense to total premium revenue (“insurance expense ratio”) increased to 21.0% in 2016 from 20.4% in 2015.

Membership

Our fully-insured dental HMO/IND membership increased by approximately 8,800 in 2016. This membership increase is primarily attributable to an increase in fully-insured dental HMO membership resulting from new sales of approximately 11,500 members in the Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky markets during 2016. An increase of approximately 2,400 is due to an increase of new sales of our individual dental HMO product. These increases were offset by the loss of approximately 5,100 members due to employer groups that did not renew with the Company or reduced employee counts of retained employer groups. Some of our fully-insured dental HMO membership losses were the result of employer groups moving to medical carriers to take advantage of medical/dental package savings.

Our fully-insured dental PPO membership increased by approximately 9,700 members in 2016. This membership increase is due to new sales in the Dayton and Central Ohio markets and the Southern Kentucky market of approximately 10,600 members during 2016, offset by the loss of approximately 8,200 members with employer groups that did not renew with the Company or reduced employee counts of retained employer groups in these markets. The remaining increase of approximately 7,300 members is due to new sales of individual and on exchange dental PPO products in 2016.

Our self-insured dental membership decreased by approximately 2,500 members in 2016 as a result of a decrease in membership of existing employer groups in the last twelve months offset by the addition of new self-insured dental HMO and dental PPO employer groups in the Southwest Ohio and Northern Kentucky markets.

Our corporate, all other membership increased by approximately 3,900 members in 2016 as a result of increased membership in our vision plan.

Revenue

(Amounts in thousands)

2016

2015

Total Dollar

Change

Member

Volume

Change

Rate

Change

Total Fully-Insured Dental HMO/IND Premium

53,393

49,458

3,935

2,548

1,387

Fully-insured dental HMO/IND premium rates negotiated with employer groups at their renewals resulted in an increase of approximately $1,387,000 in fully-insured dental HMO/IND premium revenue. An increase in fully-insured dental HMO/IND membership in 2016 resulted in an increase in fully-insured dental HMO/IND premiums of approximately $2,548,000. The membership increase is the result of new fully-insured employer group business as well as an increase in the fully-insured individual product membership. The fully-insured dental HMO/IND segment represented approximately 50.6% of our total dental business in 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

2016

2015

Total Dollar

Change

Member

Volume

Change

Rate

Change

Total Fully-Insured Dental PPO Premium

22,363

19,198

3,165

3,596

(431

)

Fully-insured dental PPO premium rates negotiated with employer groups at their renewals resulted in a decrease of approximately $431,000 in fully-insured dental PPO premium revenue. An increase in fully-insured PPO group membership in 2016 resulted in an increase in fully-insured dental PPO premiums of approximately $3,596,000. The increase in membership is the result of an increase in fully-insured dental PPO group membership as well as an increase in fully-insured on exchange dental PPO membership.The fully-insured dental PPO segment represented approximately 21.2% of our total dental business.

	(Amounts in thousands)
	2016		2015		Total Dollar Change			Member Volume Change		Rate Change
Self-Insured Claim Revenue	$	27,676	$	27,505	$	171		$	115	$	56
Self-Insured ASO Fees		1,391		1,417		(26	)		6		(32	)
Total Self-Insured Revenue	$	29,067	$	28,922	$	145		$	121	$	24

Self-insured dental revenue increased by approximately $121,000 due to new self-insured sales and an increase in membership for existing employer groups. Self-insured revenue increased by approximately $24,000 due to an increase in the self-insured claims revenue on a per member per month basis, offset by a decrease in self-insured administrative fee rates on a per member per month basis. The self-insured dental segment represented approximately 27.5% of our total dental business in 2016. The self-insured segment revenue has two components:

Self-Insured Claim Revenue - Self-insured claim revenue slightly increased approximately $171,000, or 0.6%. Self-insured claim revenue increased by approximately $115,000 due to new self-insured sales. Also, self-insured claim revenue increased by approximately $56,000 primarily due to an increase in the self-insured claim revenue on a per member per month basis as a result of fee schedule increases effective January 1, 2016.

Self-Insured ASOFees - Self-insured ASO fees decreased approximately $26,000, or 1.8%. Approximately $32,000 of this decrease is due to a decrease in average self-insured ASO fee rates for 2016 compared to 2015 and is slightly offset by an increase in membership for existing employer groups during 2016.

Corporate, all other premium revenue is primarily derived from the non-DCP dental indemnity product, dental PPO product and vision product underwritten by third party insurance carriers. In the aggregate, corporate, all other premium revenue increased by approximately $88,000, or 12.9%, to $771,000 in 2016 from $683,000 in 2015.

Investment Income

Investment income increased approximately $22,000, or 8.7%, to $274,000 in 2016 from $252,000 in 2015. This increase is the result of the increased amount of funds that were invested in both medium duration investment and non-investment grade corporate bonds and short duration investment grade corporate bonds with higher yields during 2016.

Other Income and Realized (Losses) Gains on Investments, Net

Other income and realized (losses) gains on investments increased approximately $125,000 to $128,000 in 2016 from $3,000 in 2015. The increase is primarily the result of realized gains due to the sale of investments in 2016 that did not occur in 2015, offset by a slight decrease in other income.

Healthcare Services Expenses

(Amounts in thousands)

2016

2015

Total Dollar

Change

Member Volume Change

Utilization

and Fee

Schedule

Change

Total Fully-Insured Dental HMO/IND Healthcare Service Expense

39,995

37,346

2,649

1,924

725

Fully-insured dental HMO/IND healthcare services expense increased 7.1%. This increase is attributable to an increase in fully-insured dental HMO/IND healthcare services expense on a per member per month basis of approximately $725,000 in 2016 for both existing and new fully-insured dental HMO/IND membership. Fully-insured dental HMO/IND healthcare services expense increased by approximately $196,000 due to fee schedule increases effective January 1, 2016 and by approximately $529,000 due to an increase in dental service utilization by our fully-insured dental HMO/IND members in 2016 compared to 2015. This increase in fully-insured dental HMO/IND healthcare services expense is also the result of an increase of approximately $1,924,000 due to an increase in fully-insured dental HMO/IND member months of 1.8% in 2016 compared to 2015.

(Amounts in thousands)

2016

2015

Total Dollar

Change

Member Volume Change

Utilization

and Fee

Schedule

Change

Total Fully-Insured Dental PPO Healthcare Service Expense

15,391

14,384

1,007

2,694

(1,687

)

Fully-insured dental PPO healthcare services expense increased 7.0%. This increase was primarily the result of an increase of approximately $2,694,000 related to the increase in fully-insured group and individual dental PPO membership. This increase in fully-insured dental PPO healthcare member volume change was offset by an overall decrease of approximately $1,687,000 due to a decrease in claims expense on a PMPM basis. Lower dental service utilization resulted in a decrease of approximately $2,029,000 offset by an increase in healthcare service expense of approximately $342,000due to fee schedule increases effective January 1, 2016.

(Amounts in thousands)

2016

2015

Total Dollar

Change

Member Volume Change

Utilization

and Fee

Schedule

Change

Self-Insured Healthcare Services Expense

25,114

24,954

160

104

Self-insured healthcare services expense increased slightly 0.6%, in 2016.An increase of 0.2% in self-insured member month volume in 2016 compared to 2015 resulted in an increase in self-insured healthcare services expense of approximately $104,000. Self-insured dental healthcare services expense increased by approximately $125,000 due to fee schedule increases effective January 1, 2016. These were offset by a decrease of approximately $69,000 due to an decrease in dental service utilization by our self-insured members in 2016 compared to 2015.

Corporate, all other healthcare services expense is not recognized by the Company due to the fact thatour other dental indemnity, dental PPO and vision PPO products are underwritten by third party insurance carriers.

InsuranceExpenses

Consolidated insurance expenses increased approximately $2,067,000 in 2016. Total insurance expenses as a percentage of total premium revenue, or the insurance expense ratio, was 21.0% for 2016, increasing 0.6% from the 2015 ratio of 20.4%. Salaries and wages increased by approximately $1,255,000 in 2016 primarily due to the addition of new employees.Commissions expense increased approximately $118,000, due to the increase in total premium revenue in 2016 compared to 2015. Other insurance expense increased by approximately $694,000 due to an increase in expenses related to the launch of the individual dental PPO product in Indiana as well as the development of the on exchange dental PPO products for Illinois and Virginia for 2017.

Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate for 2016 was 40.7% compared to the 45.5% effective tax rate in 2015. The decrease in the effective tax rate in 2016 compared to 2015 is primarily the result of the lower impact of non-deductible expenses as compared to overall income before income taxes. Also, our 2016 and 2015 effective tax rates were higher than the federal statutory rate primarily due to the impact of permanent tax differences related to nondeductible federal premium tax, legal fees and meal and entertainment expenses. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8-Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for a complete reconciliation of the federal statutory rate to the effective tax rate.

Comparison of Results of Operations for 2015 and 2014

The following table shows membership totals and revenues and expenses for our four business segments for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (dollars in thousands):

	2015		2014		Change
Membership:
Fully-insured dental HMO/IND		158,200		155,200		1.9	%
Fully-insured dental PPO		69,800		60,100		16.1	%
Self-insured dental		98,000		91,700		6.9	%
Corporate, all other		36,200		28,900		25.3	%
Total membership		362,200		335,900		7.8	%

Premium revenue:
Fully-insured dental HMO /IND	$	49,458	$	47,948		3.1	%
Fully-insured dental PPO		19,198		16,459		16.6	%
Self-insured dental		28,922		26,905		7.5	%
Corporate, all other		683		624		9.5	%
Total premium revenue		98,261		91,936		6.9	%

Investment income:
Corporate, All Other		252		222		13.5	%

Other income and realized gains, net:
Corporate, All Other		3		92		(96.7	%)
Total revenue		98,516		92,250		6.8	%

Healthcare services expense:
Fully-insured dental HMO/IND		37,346		35,995		3.8	%
Fully-insured dental PPO		14,384		12,661		13.6	%
Self-insured dental		24,954		23,040		8.3	%
Total healthcare services expense		76,684		71,696		7.0	%

Insurance expense
Corporate, All Other		20,076		18,325		9.6	%

Income tax expense
Corporate, All Other		798		888		(10.1	%)

Summary

Net income was approximately $958,000 and $1,341,000 for 2015 and 2014, respectively. This decrease in net income is primarily the result of an increase in insurance expense of approximately $1,751,000. Our ratio of insurance expense to total premium revenue (“insurance expense ratio”) increased to 20.4% in 2015 from 19.9% in 2014.

Membership

Our fully-insured dental HMO/IND membership increased by approximately 3,000 in 2015. This membership increase is primarily attributable to an increase in fully-insured dental HMO membership resulting from new sales of approximately 6,500 members in the Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky markets during 2015. An increase of approximately 2,300 is due to an increase of new sales of our individual dental HMO product. These increases were offset by the loss of approximately 5,800 members due to employer groups that did not renew with the Company or reduced employee counts of retained employer groups. Some of our fully-insured dental HMO membership losses were the result of employer groups moving to medical carriers to take advantage of medical/dental package savings.

Our fully-insured dental PPO membership increased by approximately 9,700 members in 2015. This membership increase is due to new sales in the Dayton and Central Ohio markets and the Southern Kentucky market of approximately 11,600 members during 2015, offset by the loss of approximately 3,200 members with employer groups that did not renew with the Company or reduced employee counts of retained employer groups in these markets. The remaining increase of approximately 1,300 members is due to the new sales on individual and on exchange dental PPO products in 2015.

Our self-insured dental membership increased by approximately 6,300 members in 2015. This increase is due to both the addition of new self-insured dental HMO and dental PPO employer groups in the Southwest Ohio and Northern Kentucky markets, and an increase in membership of existing employer groups in the last twelve months.

Our corporate, all other membership increased by approximately 7,300 members in 2015. The increase is due to increased membership in our vision plan.

Revenue

(Amounts in thousands)

2015

2014

Total Dollar

Change

Member

Volume

Change

Rate

Change

Total Fully-Insured Dental HMO/IND Premium

49,458

47,948

1,510

1,011

499

Fully-insured dental HMO/IND premium rates negotiated with employer groups at their renewals resulted in an increase of approximately $499,000 in fully-insured dental HMO/IND premium revenue. An increase in fully-insured dental HMO/IND membership in 2015 resulted in an increase in fully-insured dental HMO/IND premiums of approximately $1,011,000. The membership increase is the result of new fully-insured employer group business as well as an increase in the fully-insured individual product membership. The fully-insured dental HMO/IND segment represented approximately 50.3% of our total dental business in 2015.

(Amounts in thousands)

2015

2014

Total Dollar

Change

Member

Volume

Change

Rate

Change

Total Fully-Insured Dental PPO Premium

19,198

16,459

2,739

2,353

386

Fully-insured dental PPO premium rates negotiated with employer groups at their renewals resulted in an increase of approximately $386,000 in fully-insured dental PPO premium revenue. An increase in fully-insured PPO group membership in the 2015 period resulted in an increase in fully-insured dental PPO premiums of approximately $2,353,000. The increase in membership is the result of an increase in fully-insured dental PPO group membership as well as an increase in fully-insured on-exchange dental PPO membership.The fully-insured dental PPO segment represents approximately 19.5% of our total dental business.

	(Amounts in thousands)
	2015		2014		Total Dollar Change		Member Volume Change		Rate Change
Self-Insured Claim Revenue	$	27,505	$	25,549	$	1,956	$	1,358	$	598
Self-Insured ASO Fees		1,417		1,356		61		72		(11	)
Total Self-Insured Revenue	$	28,922	$	26,905	$	2,017	$	1,430	$	587

Self-insured dental revenue increased by approximately $1,956,000 due to new self-insured sales and an increase in membership for existing employer groups. Self-insured revenue increased by approximately $587,000 due to an increase in the self-insured claims revenue on a per member per month basis. Self-insured ASO fees increased due to those membership increases, offset by a slight decrease in self-insured administrative fee rates on a per member per month basis. The self-insured dental segment represented approximately 29.5% of our total dental business in 2015. The self-insured segment revenue has two components:

Self-Insured Claim Revenue - Self-insured claim revenue increased 7.6%. Self-insured claim revenue increased by approximately $1,358,000 due to new self-insured sales. Also, self-insured claim revenue increased by approximately $598,000 primarily due to an increase in the self-insured claim revenue on a per member per month basis as a result of a 1.5% dental fee schedule increase effective January 1, 2015.

Self-Insured ASOFees - Self-insured ASO fees increased 4.5%. Approximately $72,000 of this increase is attributable to self-insured product sales and an increase in membership for existing employer groups, offset by approximately $11,000 due to a decrease in average self-insured ASO fee rates for 2015 compared to 2014.

Corporate, all other premium revenue is primarily derived from the non-DCP dental indemnity product, dental PPO product and vision product underwritten by third party insurance carriers. In the aggregate, corporate, all other premium revenue increased by approximately $59,000, or 9.5%, to $683,000 in 2015 from $624,000 in 2014.

Investment Income

Investment income increased approximately $30,000, or 13.5%, to $252,000 in 2015 from $222,000 in 2014. This increase is the result of the increased amount of funds that were invested in both medium duration investment and non-investment grade corporate bonds and short duration investment grade corporate bonds with higher yields during 2015.

Other Income and Realized (Losses) Gains on Investments, Net

Other income and realized (losses) gains on investments decreased approximately $89,000 or 96.7% to $3,000 in 2015 from $92,000 in 2014. This decrease is primarily the result of realized losses due to the impairment of six corporate bonds in 2015. We concluded that the decrease in the market values of these assets had resulted in other-than temporary impairments.

Healthcare Services Expenses

(Amounts in thousands)

2015

2014

Total Dollar

Change

MemberVolume

Change

Utilization

Change

Total Fully-Insured Dental HMO/IND Healthcare Service Expense

37,346

35,995

1,351

759

592

Fully-insured dental HMO/IND healthcare services expense increased or 3.7%. This increase is attributable to an increase in fully-insured dental HMO/IND healthcare services expense on a per member per month basis of approximately $592,000, or 1.6%, in 2015 for both existing and new fully-insured dental HMO/IND membership. Fully-insured dental HMO/IND healthcare services expense increased by approximately $551,000 due to the fee schedule increases effective January 1, 2015 and by approximately $41,000 due to an increase in dental service utilization level by our fully-insured dental HMO/IND members in 2015 compared to 2014. This increase in fully-insured dental HMO/IND healthcare services expense is also the result of an increase of approximately $759,000, or 2.1%, due to an increase in fully-insured dental HMO/IND member months of 2.0% in 2015 compared to 2014.

(Amounts in thousands)

2015

2014

Total Dollar

Change

Member Volume Change

Utilization

Change

Total Fully-Insured Dental PPO Healthcare Service Expense

14,384

12,661

1,723

1,810

(87

)

Fully-insured dental PPO healthcare services expense increased 13.6%. This increase was primarily the result of an increase of approximately $1,810,000 related to the increase in fully-insured group and individual dental PPO membership. This increase in fully-insured dental PPO healthcare member volume change was offset to an overall decrease of approximately $87,000 due to a decrease in claims expense on a PMPM basis. Lower dental service utilization resulted in a decrease of approximately $303,000 offset by an increase in healthcare service expense of approximately $216,000due to the fee schedule increases effective January 1, 2015.

(Amounts in thousands)

2015

2014

Total Dollar

Change

Member Volume Change

Utilization

Change

Self-Insured Healthcare Services Expense

24,954

23,040

1,914

1,225

689

Self-insured healthcare services expense increased 8.3%, in 2015.An increase of 5.3% in self-insured member month volume in 2015 compared to 2014 resulted in an increase in self-insured healthcare services expense of approximately $1,225,000. Self-insured dental healthcare services expense increased by approximately $364,000 due to the fee schedule increases effective January 1, 2015. The remaining increase in self-insured claims expense of approximately $325,000 is due to an increase in dental service utilization level by our self-insured members in 2015 compared to 2014.

InsuranceExpenses

Consolidated insurance expenses increased approximately $1,751,000 in 2015. Total insurance expenses as a percentage of total premium revenue, or the insurance expense ratio, was 20.4% for 2015, increasing 0.5% from the 2014 ratio of 19.9%. Salaries and wages increased by approximately $517,000 in 2015.Commissions expense increased approximately $297,000, due to the increase in total premium revenue in 2015 compared to 2014. Other insurance expense increased by approximately $937,000 due to an increase in expenses related to the launch of the individual dental PPO and dental HMO products in Ohio as well as the development of the on exchange dental PPO products for Georgia, Tennessee and Pennsylvania for 2016.

Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate for 2015 was 45.5% compared to the 39.8% effective tax rate in 2014. The increase in the effective tax rate for 2015 compared to 2014 is the result of the increase in the 2015 federal premium tax assessment that is not deductible for federal tax purposes. Also, our 2015 and 2014 effective tax rates were higher than the federal statutory rate primarily due to the impact of permanent tax differences related to meal and entertainment expenses and legal fees. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8-Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for a complete reconciliation of the federal statutory rate to the effective tax rate.

Liquidity and Capital Resources and Changes in Financial Condition

Our primary sources of cash are premiums, ASO fees, investment and other income, as well as the proceeds from the maturity or sale of our investment securities, from the sale of redeemable common and preferred shares, and from borrowings. Our primary uses of cash include disbursements for claims payments, insurance expense, interest expense, taxes, purchases of investment securities, capital expenditures, Redeemable Common and Preferred Share redemptions, dividends, and payments on borrowings. Because premiums are collected in advance of claims payments, our business should normally produce positive operating cash flows during a period of increasing enrollment. Conversely, cash flows would be negatively impacted during a period of shrinking enrollment.

Cash decreased $436,000, or 3.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 to approximately $11,221,000 at December 31, 2016 from approximately $11,657,000 at December 31, 2015. This cash decrease is primarily the result of cash flow used in investing activities and financing activities of approximately $2,209,000 and $1,909,000, respectively. These were offset by an increase in cash flow provided from operations of approximately $3,682,000.

Cash increased $2,467,000, or 26.8%, for the year ended December 31, 2015 to approximately $11,657,000 million at December 31, 2015 from approximately $9,190,000 million at December 31, 2014. This cash increase is primarily the result of cash flow from operations of approximately $2,994,000 and cash provided by financing activities of approximately $817,000 that was offset by cash used in investing activities of approximately $1,344,000. The change in cash for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is summarized as follows (in thousands):

	2016			2015			2014
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	3,682		$	2,994		$	2,556
Net cash used in investing activities		(2,209	)		(1,344	)		(845	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(1,908	)		817			(627	)
(Decrease) Increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	(435	)	$	2,467		$	1,084

CashFlows from Operating Activities

In 2016, approximately $3,682,000 was provided by operating activities. We had net income of approximately $1,989,000. Our non-cash deferred compensation activity was approximately $995,000 primarily due to current year vesting activity and an increase in current book value in 2016. Deferred policy acquisition costs increased by approximately $1,096,000 primarily as a result of the increase in the fully-insured business renewed in January 2016. Other payables and accrued expenses increased and resulted in a net increase in cash flow from operating activities of approximately $1,848,000. An increase in accounts receivable offset by an increase in unearned premium revenue resulted in a decrease of cash of approximately $641,000 in the 2016 period. We paid $1,069,000 of federal income taxes in the 2016 period that related to our 2015 extension payment and 2016 estimated tax payments. The remaining effects of changes in operating assets and liabilities that represent fluctuations are not significant and are consistent with 2015.

In 2015, approximately $2,994,000 was provided by operating activities. We had net income of approximately $958,000. An increase in premiums received in advance as well as an improvement in remittance of uncollected accounts receivable resulted in a favorable increase of cash of approximately $829,000 in 2015. Due to claims activity and the timing of our payments, our claims payable liability increased approximately $256,000. Our deferred compensation liability increased by approximately $748,000 primarily due to current year vesting activity for restricted share unit awards and an increase in current book value in 2015. Other payables and accrued expenses increased and resulted in a net increase in cash flow from operations of approximately $98,000. The remaining effects of changes in operating assets and liabilities that represent fluctuations are not significant and are consistent with 2014.

In 2014, we generated approximately $2,556,000 of cash from operating activities. This level of cash flow from operating activities is $139,000 lower than the cash flow generated from operating activities in 2013. We had net income of approximately $1,341,000 in 2014 compared to net income of $1,282,000 in 2013. During 2014, we paid approximately $1,270,000 in federal tax payments. As a result, our federal income tax payable decreased by approximately $216,000 in 2014. In addition to our 2014 net income, we had non-cash depreciation and amortization expense of approximately $335,000 and an increase in deferred compensation liabilities of $959,000. The increase in deferred compensation liabilities is primarily due to the 12.4% increase in the book value of the common shares during 2014. In 2014, our claims payable liability increased by approximately $778,000 due to an increase in membership and an increase in utilization. A decrease in accounts receivable of approximately $1,954,000 was offset by a decrease in unearned premium revenue of $2,759,000, resulting in a net cash decrease of $805,000. This cash decrease is attributable to an increase in premium receivable of $302,000 and a decrease in unearned premium revenue received in advance of $502,000. Accounts receivable and unearned premium revenue are recorded primarily as the result of non-cancelable short-term insurance contracts. Most of our contracts are one year in duration; however, we occasionally enter into multi-year contracts that tend to be for larger groups. As a result, depending on the timing of large group renewals, the accounts receivable and unearned premium revenue can experience large fluctuations from period to period.

CashFlows from Investing Activities

During 2016, we made purchases totaling approximately $5,336,000 of investment grade and non-investment grade corporate bonds, money markets and certificates of deposit in order to improve investment income. Also during 2016, we sold investment grade and non-investment grade corporate bonds, and certificates of deposit and maturities that together totaled approximately $3,676,000. The remaining net cash used in investing activities during 2016 was primarily due to purchases of computer equipment and internally developed software development costs.

During 2015, we made purchases totaling approximately $4,955,000 of investment grade and non-investment grade corporate bonds, money markets and certificates of deposit in order to improve investment income. Also during 2015, we sold investment grade and non-investment grade corporate bonds, and certificates of deposit and maturities that together totaled approximately $3,738,000. In addition, in December 2015, we sold certain office equipment and computer equipment with a value of approximately $347,000 to a leasing company and entered into a capital lease agreement to lease back these same assets over a four year period. The remaining net cash used in investing activities during 2015 was primarily due to purchases in building improvements, internally developed software development cost and computer equipment.

In 2014, we invested approximately $530,000 in building improvements, office equipment and computer equipment and software. In 2014, approximately $1.8 million of our investments in FDIC insured certificates of deposit, investment grade corporate bonds and money market funds either matured or were liquidated. We also invested approximately $2.6 million in additional FDIC insured certificates of deposit, investment and non-investment grade corporate bonds and money market funds. In addition, in December of 2014, we sold certain office equipment and computer equipment with a value of approximately $516,000 to a leasing company and entered into a capital lease agreement to lease back these same assets over a four year period. We invested an additional $5,000 in a dental and vision discount product. Collectively, these investments and transactions resulted in a decrease in cash from investment activities of approximately $845,000.

CashFlows from Financing Activities

In 2016, we made scheduled principal payments of approximately $50,000 related to our office building mortgage and scheduled payments of approximately $311,000 related to our capital leases. During 2016, we repurchased Redeemable Common Shares with a value of approximately $276,000. Also, we repurchased all of our Institutional Preferred Shares with a value of approximately $2,805,000, and including the 5% premium of approximately $119,000 paid to the holders of the 2012(A) and the 2013(A) series, the total price paid was approximately $2,924,000. We also paid dividends of approximately $442,000 to holders of our Redeemable Common Shares and approximately $68,000 to holders of our Redeemable Institutional Preferred Shares in 2016. During 2016, we issued approximately $2,280,000 of new Redeemable Common Shares.

In 2015, we made scheduled principal payments of approximately $49,000 related to our office building mortgage and scheduled payments of approximately $249,000 related to our capital leases. During 2015, we repurchased Redeemable Common Shares with a value of approximately $223,000. We also paid dividends of approximately $346,000 to holders of our Redeemable Common Shares and approximately $135,000 to holders of our Redeemable Institutional Preferred Shares in 2015. In addition, we issued approximately $1,932,000 of new Redeemable Common Shares during 2015.

In 2014, we paid approximately $47,000 of our outstanding mortgage balance and repaid approximately $124,000 related to the capital lease that we executed in December 2013. During 2014, we sold approximately $330,000 of Class B and Class C Redeemable Common Shares. Also during 2014, we repurchased Redeemable Common Shares of $362,000 from provider shareholders. In addition, we paid dividends to our institutional preferred shareholders and our common shareholders totaling approximately $425,000 in 2014.

Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments

A summary of our future commitments as of December 31, 2016 is as follows:

	Less than 1						More than
Contractual Obligations	year		1-2 years		3-5 years		5 years		Total
Long-term debt and interest (1)	$	97,000	$	195,000	$	193,000	$	895,000	$	1,380,000
Capital lease and interest		240,000		335,000		8,000				583,000
Operating leases		256,000		417,000		47,000				720,000
Claims payable		3,744,000								3,744,000
Total	$	4,337,000	$	947,000	$	213,000	$	895,000	$	6,392,000

(1)

Includes swap interest payments based on a fixed rate of 3.90%.

A mortgage note, secured by the land and the office building, accrues interest based on the 30-day LIBOR rate plus 1.95%. The note requires us to make principal payments of $4,400 per month in 2017 and higher principal payments in subsequent years through 2022 in accordance with the agreed upon loan amortization schedule. At the maturity date of the mortgage note in 2022, the expected outstanding balance of the note of approximately $804,000 must be repaid or refinanced. We also entered into an interest rate swap agreement that effectively changed the interest rate related to the $1,340,000 mortgage note with a commercial bank from a variable rate based on the 30-day LIBOR rate plus 1.95% to a fixed rate of approximately 3.90% for the 10-year period through December 2022. At December 31, 2016, the carrying value of the mortgage note approximates fair value. Under this mortgage, the Company is required to have a minimum tangible net worth equal to or greater than $3,500,000 at the end of each fiscal year and a debt service ratio of at least 1:1. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at December 31, 2016. The Company also entered into a capital lease agreement with a leasing company in 2015 that obligates the Company to pay lease payments over a four year period for each capital lease. Under these capital lease agreements, the Company is required to have a minimum tangible net worth equal to or greater than $2,500,000 at the end of each fiscal year. At December 31, 2016, the Company was in compliance with this minimum tangible net worth requirement.

As of December 31, 2016, we believe our most significant other commitments are:

Deferred Compensation – We expect to pay our deferred compensation liability of approximately $4,051,000 to the Company directors and employees as they retire or otherwise terminate their association with the Company in future years.

Commissions – We expect commission payments to generally correspond to earned premium volume.

Redeemable Common Shares – Pursuant to the Company’s Code of Regulations, holders of Class A, Class B and Class C shares have the right to require the Company to repurchase such holder’s common shares on the terms contained in the Code of Regulations. At December 31, 2016, approximately $25,000 in redeemed common shares are to be paid in 2017.

Federal and State Premium Taxes – We expect federal and state premium payments to generally correspond to earned premium volume.

Off-BalanceSheet Arrangements

None.

Financial Condition

Our consolidated cash and short term investments were approximately $11.7 million at December 31, 2016. Our consolidated cash and short term investments decreased by approximately $0.4 million from approximately $12.1 million as of December 31, 2015.

This decrease in cash and short term investments from December 31, 2015 to December 31, 2016 is primarily due an increase of cash used by financing activities as a result of the redemption of the redeemable preferred shares of approximately $3.2 million offset by the issuance of Redeemable Common Shares of approximately $2.2 million. During 2016, we invested an additional $1.7 million in securities. The net increase in cash used for investing and financing activities was offset by an increase in cash received from operating activities of approximately $3.7 million.

We have an annually renewable agreement with a commercial bank for a $500,000 working capital line of credit. Interest is payable at a variable rate of LIBOR plus 2.50%. The Company did not have any interest expense for the line of credit in 2016, 2015 or 2014. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, there was no amount outstanding on this line of credit.

We have an annually renewable agreement with a commercial bank for a $1,000,000 working capital line of credit. Interest is payable at a variable rate of LIBOR plus 2.50%. The Company did not have any interest expense for the line of credit in 2016, 2015 or 2014. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, there was no amount outstanding on this line of credit.

We believe our cash, short term investments and working capital lines of credit together are sufficient to meet our short term and long term liquidity needs. We are obligated to make payments related to our contractual obligations such as our building mortgage and our operating leases and other commitments (see contractual obligations and other commitments). We will also be obligated in certain circumstances to repurchase the redeemable shares of our Class A, Class B and Class C shareholders who die and our Class A and Class B shareholders who become permanently disabled, or retire. Our Board considers limitations on the amount of share redemptions each year. While we are not able to estimate future redeemable share redemptions, we repurchased approximately $276,000, $223,000, and $362,000, of Redeemable Common Shares in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. We believe our cash balances, available-for-sale investment securities, operating cash flows, and borrowing capacity, taken together, provide adequate resources to fund ongoing operating and regulatory requirements and fund future expansion opportunities and capital expenditures in the foreseeable future.

We operate as a holding company in a highly regulated industry. We are primarily dependent upon management fees that we receive from our subsidiaries. We receive over 99% of our management fees from our subsidiary, Dental Care Plus. We also receive dividends from our subsidiaries from time to time. The dividends from our subsidiary, Dental Care Plus, are subject to regulatory restrictions.

Regulatory Capital and Surplus Requirements

Our largest subsidiary, Dental Care Plus, operates in states that regulate its payment of dividends and debt service on inter-company loans, as well as other inter-company cash transfers and require minimum levels of equity as well as limit investments to approved securities. The amount of dividends that may be paid by Dental Care Plus, without prior approval by state regulatory authorities, is limited based on statutory income and statutory capital and surplus. Dividends cannot exceed in any one year the lesser of: (i) 10% of net worth (as of the preceding December 31), or (ii) net income for the prior year, and only if net worth exceeds $250,000 and only out of positive retained earnings. There were no dividends declared or paid by Dental Care Plus during 2016, 2015 or 2014. Even if prior approval is not required, prior notification must be provided to state insurance departments before paying a dividend.

Dental Care Plus, an Ohio-domiciled insurance company dually licensed as a life and health insurer and a specialty health insuring corporation, is able to underwrite dental indemnity, dental PPO, dental HMO, and vision benefit products as well as other life and health insurance products in Ohio. The minimum required capital and surplus for Dental Care Plus licensed as a life and health insurance company in Ohio was $2.5 million at December 31, 2016.

We maintained aggregate statutory capital and surplus of approximately $12.2 million as of December 31, 2016 and were in compliance with applicable statutory requirements. Although the minimum required levels of equity are largely based on premium volume, product mix, and the quality of assets held, minimum requirements can vary significantly from state to state. Given our anticipated premium growth in 2017 resulting from the expansion of our networks and membership, capital requirements will increase. We expect to fund these increased requirements through the retention of earnings and future capital raising activities, if any.

Most states rely on risk-based capital requirements, or RBC, to define the required levels of equity. RBC is a model developed by the NAIC to monitor an entity’s solvency. This calculation indicates recommended minimum levels of required capital and surplus and signals regulatory measures should actual surplus fall below these recommended levels. RBC has been adopted the states in which we currently do business. We file our annual statement and RBC reporting with the Ohio Department of Insurance and the NAIC. Dental Care Plus’s statutory annual statements for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the Ohio Department of Insurance reflected total adjusted capital in excess of Company Action Level RBC.

Other Matters

The differences between our net income and comprehensive income include the changes in the unrealized gains or losses on marketable securities and changes in the fair value of our interest rate swap agreement. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively, such changes increased or (decreased), net of related income tax effects, by the following amounts:

	For Years ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Changes in:
Change in fair value of interest rate swap, net of tax	$	7,471		$	(8,687	)	$	33,504
Change in fair value of investments, net of tax		33,373			(164,497	)		65,943
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income, net of tax		(19,433	)		38,891			(19,596	)

Total	$	21,411		$	(134,293	)	$	79,851	)

Critical Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Application of those accounting principles includes the use of estimates and assumptions that are made by management, and that we believe are reasonable based on the information available. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. We believe the most critical accounting policies used to prepare the accompanying consolidated financial statements are the following:

Liability for Claims Payable

Our estimated liability for claims payable and corresponding healthcare services expense includes claims incurred but not reported (“IBNR”), claims reported but not yet processed and paid and other healthcare services expenses incurred, including estimated costs of processing outstanding claims. Our estimated liability for claims payable is based primarily on the average historical lag time between the date of service and the date the related claim is paid, taking into account recent trends in payment rates and the average number of incurred claims per covered individual over a rolling 12 month period.

The following table shows our total claims payable liability as of December 31, and its three components. IBNR represents a substantial portion of our claims payable liability.

	2016				2015

IBNR	$	1,441,149	38.5	%	$	1,874,283	57.6	%
Reported claims in process		2,238,464	59.8	%		1,328,203	40.8	%
Other healthcare services expenses payable		63,938	1.7	%		50,860	1.6	%
Total claims payable liability	$	3,743,551	100	%	$	3,253,346	100	%

Between December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2016, our claims payable liability estimate increased by approximately $490,200 or 15.1%, primarily due to higher fully-insured dental HMO/IND and fully-insured dental PPO membership at December 31, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015, along with a significant increase in fully-insured dental HMO/IND utilization in December 2016 compared to December 2015.

We estimate liabilities for both IBNR and reported claims in process by employing actuarial methods that are commonly used by health insurance actuaries and meet actuarial standards of practice. These actuarial standards of practice require that claim liabilities estimates be adequate under moderately adverse circumstances. The Company’s consulting actuary assists us in making these estimates.

Since our liability for claims payable is based on actuarial estimates, the amount of claims eventually paid for services provided prior to the balance sheet date could differ from the estimated liability. Any such differences are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the period in which the differences are identified.

We develop our estimate for claims payable liability using actuarial methodologies primarily based on historical claim payments and claim receipt patterns, as well as historical dental cost trends. Depending on the period for which incurred claims are estimated, we apply a different method in determining our estimate. Throughout the year, we use both the “completion factors” and the “claims trend factor” to estimate our claims payable liability. On a quarterly basis, for periods prior to the most recent month, we calculate “completion factors” which indicate the percentage of claims payable estimated for a prior period that have been paid as of the end of the current reporting period. We use the completion factors to determine historical patterns over a rolling 12-month period, made consistent period over period with making adjustments for known changes in claim inventory levels and known changes in claim payment processes. Then, for the most recent month, we calculate a “claims trend factor” that estimates incurred claims primarily from a trend analysis based upon per member per month claims trends developed from our historical experience in the preceding months, adjusted for known provider contracting changes, changes in benefit levels and seasonality. We have consistently applied the key actuarial methodologies to estimate the IBNR and reported claims in process components of our claims payable liability.

When developing our estimate for claims payable liability as of December 31, 2016, we considered actual paid claim data from January 2017. As a result, we are able to use the completion factors approach for all historical months in 2016, including December 2016. The table below illustrates how our operating results are impacted when there is a variance between estimated claims expense and actual claims expense. The table shows the sensitivity of the estimated fully-insured incurred claims payable liability to fluctuations in the expected completion factors that were used to estimate the claims payable liability as of December 31, 2016 within variance ranges historically experienced. Based on historical experience, the completion factors we use to estimate outstanding IBNR and reported claims in process are highly reliable for predicting actual claims paid at future times, with a variance range of approximately one-half of one percent, plus or minus.

Completion Factors (a)

		Estimated claims
(Decrease)		payable liability
Increase		as of
In Factor		12/31/2016

(0.50%)			4,008,481
0%	(estimate used)		3,743,551
0.50%			3,574,287

(a) Reflects estimated potential changes in incurred claims payable liability caused by changes in completion factors for all months prior to December 31, 2016.

Recognition of Premium Revenue

Fully-Insured—Membership contracts are written on an annual basis and are subject to cancellation by the employer group upon thirty days written notice. The Company’s unearned premium revenue was approximately $46,955,000 and $32,631,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and primarily relates to the estimated premium revenue associated with the remaining contract periods. Related amounts recorded in accounts receivable were approximately $45,687,000 and $30,955,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Premiums are due monthly in advance and are recognized evenly as revenue during the period in which the Company is obligated to provide services to members. Any amounts not received by the end of a reporting period are recorded as accounts receivable by the Company. Any premiums received prior to the beginning of a reporting period are recognized as premiums received in advance and are included in unearned premium revenue in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Premiums received in advance were approximately $1,268,000 and $1,676,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Management has determined that as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, no premium deficiency reserve is required. The Company’s premium deficiency reserve analysis includes an allocation of investment income.

Self-Insured—The Company provides administrative and claims processing services, benefit plan design, and access to its provider networks for an administrative fee to self-insured groups. The Company has no underwriting risk arising from the provision or cost of any services provided to the self-insured groups. The Company recognizes and records self-insured premiums on a gross basis because: (i) the Company is the primary obligor in its contractual relationships with self-insured employers and dental service providers, (ii) the Company establishes the pricing for the services provided, (iii) the Company controls the selection of and the relationships with the dental service providers, and (iv) the Company is involved in the determination of dental service specifications. Self-insured premium revenue is recognized upon the payment of claims for self-insured members in accordance with agreements with self-insured employers and is included in premium revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Third-party administration fee revenue (“ASO fees”) is recognized monthly when earned and is normally based on annual contracts with the self-insured groups. ASO fees are charged to self-insured employer groups monthly on a per subscriber per month basis. ASO fees also include the administrative fees the Company earns relative to the dental PPO, dental indemnity and vision products that are underwritten by third-party insurance carriers.

Healthcare Services Expense

Healthcare services expense is recognized on a monthly basis. In the case of the fully-insured dental segment, healthcare services expense is calculated by taking the paid claims associated with the fully-insured membership and adjusting this amount for the change in the claims payable liability determined using the actuarial estimates discussed above. For the self-insured dental segment, the healthcare services expense is based solely on the paid claims for the self-insured membership. In most cases, our reimbursement to ourparticipating providers for covered dental services under the dental HMO and in-network dental PPO are subject to a 10% withhold. The amounts withheld are not retained in a separate fund and we have no obligation to pay any portion of the amounts withheld to the providers.

Income Taxes

Our accounting for income taxes requires the recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that are recognized in our consolidated financial statements in different periods than those in which the events are recognized in our tax returns. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets is based on current tax laws as of the balance sheet date. We record a valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets in the event that available evidence indicates that the future tax benefits related to deferred tax assets may not be realized. A valuation allowance is required when it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Our determination of whether a valuation allowance is required is subject to change based on future estimates of the recoverability of our net deferred tax assets.

Impact of Inflation

We do not consider the impact of changes in prices due to inflation to be material in the analysis of our overall operations.

ITEM 7A.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk is the risk that we will incur investment losses or increased interest expense due to adverse changes in market rates and prices. Our market risk exposures are substantially related to our investment portfolio and the impact of interest rate changes on these securities. In addition, interest rate changes can impact future interest expense for debt obligations that have a variable rate of interest associated with them.

At December 31, 2016, our investment portfolio included approximately $223,000 of an institutional money market fund. Our portfolio also included approximately $8,020,000 of investment grade and non-investment grade corporate bonds and $1,095,000 of investments in FDIC-insured bank certificates of deposits. We have evaluated the impact on the invested portfolio’s fair value considering an immediate 100 basis point change in interest rates. A 100 basis point increase in interest rates would result in an approximate $278,000 decrease in fair value, whereas a 100 basis point decrease in interest rates would result in an approximate $279,000 increase in fair value. At December 31, 2016, the investment grade and non-investment grade corporate bonds and the certificates of deposit with amortized cost of approximately $8,025,000 and $1,090,000, respectively, are all classified as available for sale. Our investment in investment grade corporate bonds with a longer average maturity has added an element of market risk in 2016 and 2015.

At December 31, 2016, we had a mortgage note with a bank with an outstanding principal balance of $1,148,000 with a variable rate based on LIBOR plus 1.95%. However, in December 2012, we entered into a variable to fixed interest rate swap contract that effectively eliminated the interest rate risk exposure on all of the outstanding loan principal. Management estimates that a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would not materially impact our annual pre-tax earnings.

ITEM 8.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of DCP Holding Company:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of DCP Holding Company and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, redeemable shares and shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. Our audits also included the financial statement schedules included in Item 15(a)2. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of DCP Holding Company and its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, such financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Cincinnati, OH

March 24, 2017

DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015

	2016		2015
ASSETS
INVESTMENTS:
Fixed maturities, available for sale at fair value, amortized cost of $8,825,000 and $8,745,000at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively	$	8,824,420	$	8,708,799
Short-term investments, available for sale at fair value, cost of $513,000 and $449,000at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively		512,989		449,457
Total investments		9,337,409		9,158,256
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		11,221,951		11,657,287
ACCRUED INVESTMENT INCOME		78,662		75,257
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, including uncollected premiums of $1,018,391 and $785,942,net of allowance of $41,092 and $14,715 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively		46,705,170		31,741,166
DEFERRED ACQUISITION COSTS		3,109,117		2,012,604
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, net of depreciation and amortization of $3,531,436 and $3,168,946at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively		2,756,999		2,700,909
OTHER ASSETS		4,872,499		2,998,073
TOTAL ASSETS	$	78,081,807	$	60,343,552

LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE SHARES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CLAIMS PAYABLE	$	3,743,551	$	3,253,346
UNEARNED PREMIUM REVENUE		46,954,609		32,631,117
OTHER PAYABLES AND ACCRUALS		7,334,165		5,565,495
MORTGAGE LOAN PAYABLE		1,148,000		1,198,400
CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS		558,114		869,456
DEFERRED COMPENSATION		4,051,078		3,287,065
TOTAL LIABILITIES		63,789,517		46,804,879

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

REDEEMABLE PREFERRED AND COMMON SHARES:
Class A, Redeemable Common Shares, no par value—authorized, 7,500 shares;issued and outstanding, 506 and 516 shares at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively		561,439		522,045
Class B Redeemable Common Shares, no par value—authorized, 120,000 shares;issued and outstanding, 8,604 and 8,142 shares at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively		9,546,686		8,237,390
Class C Redeemable Common Shares, no par value—authorized, 80,000 shares;issued and outstanding, 3,771 and 2,005 shares at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively		4,184,165		2,028,490
Class D Redeemable Common Shares, no par value—authorized, 100,000 shares; issued none
Institutional Preferred Shares-2010 Series, no par value, cumulative 5% dividend—authorized, 300 shares;issued and outstanding, zero shares at December 31, 2016 and 300 shares at December 31, 2015, respectively				420,515
Institutional Preferred Shares-2012 Series, no par value, cumulative 5% dividend—authorized, 1,000 shares;issued and outstanding, zero shares at December 31, 2016 and 1,000 shares at December 31, 2015, respectively				1,213,791
Institutional Preferred Shares-2013 Series, no par value, cumulative 5% dividend—authorized, 1,000 shares;issued and outstanding, zero shares at December 31, 2016 and 1,000 shares at December 31, 2015, respectively				1,116,442
Provider Preferred-2009 Series Redeemable Preferred Shares, no par value, cumulative 5% dividend—authorized,5,000 shares; issued none

Total redeemable preferred and common shares		14,292,290		13,538,673

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY—Preferred Shares; no par value—authorized, 92,700 shares; issued, none

TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE SHARES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	78,081,807	$	60,343,552

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014

	2016			2015			2014

REVENUES
Premium revenue	$	105,594,134		$	98,261,441		$	91,936,578
Investment income		274,220			251,756			221,622
Realized gains (losses) on investments, net		75,849			(58,926	)		29,691
Other income		51,920			62,304			62,304
Total revenues		105,996,123			98,516,575			92,250,195

EXPENSES
Healthcare services expense		80,500,160			76,683,963			71,695,797
Insurance expense:
Salaries and benefits expense		9,022,484			7,766,987			7,249,590
Commission expenses and other acquisition costs		5,538,688			5,420,357			5,123,790
Other insurance expense		7,582,136			6,888,760			5,952,103
Total insurance expense		22,143,308			20,076,104			18,325,483
Total expenses		102,643,468			96,760,067			90,021,280


INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX		3,352,655			1,756,508			2,228,915

PROVISION (BENEFIT) FOR INCOME TAX:
Current		1,552,952			1,101,048			1,039,777
Deferred		(189,468	)		(302,625	)		(152,035	)

INCOME TAX EXPENSE		1,363,484			798,423			887,742

NET INCOME	$	1,989,171		$	958,085		$	1,341,173

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX
Change in the fair value of interest rate swap, net of incometax of $3,848, ($4,475), and $17,260, respectively		7,471			(8,687	)		33,504
Change in the fair value of investments, net of incometax of $17,193, ($84,741), and $33,974, respectively		33,373			(164,497	)		65,943
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income,net of income tax of ($10,011), $20,035 and ($10,095), respectively		(19,433	)		38,891			(19,596	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)		21,411			(134,293	)		79,851

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	2,010,582		$	823,792		$	1,421,024

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF REDEEMABLE SHARES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015, AND 2014

	Redeemable Common Shares																Redeemable Preferred Shares																		Shareholders' Equity

																	Institutional Preferred						Institutional Preferred						Institutional Preferred
	Class A						Class B						Class C				2010-Series						2012-Series						2013-Series									Accumulated Other
	Number of Shares			Amount			Number ofShares			Amount			Number ofShares		Amount		Number ofShares			Amount			Number ofShares			Amount			Number ofShares			Amount			RetainedEarnings			Compre-hensive Income (Loss)			Total

Balance at December 31, 2013		546		$	488,282			7,889		$	7,055,053							300		$	391,814			1,000		$	1,130,946			1,000		$	1,040,242
																																								��
Net Income																																				1,341,173						1,341,173
Other comprehensive income, net																																							79,851			79,851
Dividends declared and paid																																				(425,327	)					(425,327	)
Redeemable Shares issued								290			290,468			321	$	305,212
Redeemable Shares repurchased		(15	)		(13,834	)		(336	)		(309,786	)
Accretion of shares to redemption value					54,710						780,054					14,674					22,359						64,538						59,362			(915,846	)		(79,851	)		(995,697	)
Balance at December 31, 2014		531			529,158			7,843			7,815,789			321		319,886		300			414,173			1,000			1,195,484			1,000			1,099,604

Net Income															��																					958,085						958,085
Other comprehensive loss, net																																							(134,293	)		(134,293	)
Dividends declared and paid																																				(481,089	)					(481,089	)
Redeemable Shares issued								510			501,329			1,684		1,545,816
Redeemable Shares repurchased		(15	)		(14,971	)		(211	)		(210,298	)
Accretion of shares to redemption value					7,858						130,570					162,788					6,342						18,307						16,838			(476,996	)		134,293			(342,703	)

Balance at December 31, 2015		516			522,045			8,142			8,237,390			2,005		2,028,490		300			420,515			1,000			1,213,791			1,000			1,116,442
																															��
Net Income																																				1,989,171						1,989,171
Other comprehensive loss, net																																							21,411			21,411
Dividends declared and paid																																				(510,413	)					(510,413	)
Redeemable Shares issued								661			665,053			1,766		1,728,874
Redeemable Shares repurchased		(10	)		(10,294	)		(199	)		(206,321	)						(300	)		(428,819	)		(1,000	)		(1,237,758	)		(1,000	)		(1,138,487	)
Extinguishment cost of redeemable preferred shares																																				(118,800	)					(118,800	)
Accretion of shares to redemption value					49,688						850,564					426,801					8,304						23,967						22,045			(1,359,958	)		(21,411	)		(1,381,369	)

Balance at December 31, 2016		506		$	561,439			8,604		$	9,546,686			3,771	$	4,184,165				$						$						$			$			$			$

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014

	2016			2015			2014

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	1,989,171		$	958,085		$	1,341,173
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		504,302			484,438			335,230
Realized (gains) losses on investments, net		(75,849	)		58,926			(29,691	)
Deferred income benefit		(189,468	)		(302,625	)		(152,035	)
Deferred compensation		994,708			747,825			959,380
Effects of changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued investment income		(3,405	)		(5,795	)		(16,175	)
Accounts receivable		(14,964,004	)		834,988			1,953,867
Deferred acquisition costs		(1,096,513	)		37,724			140,134
Other assets		(138,296	)		(167,554	)		(104,083	)
Claims payable		490,205			255,733			777,888
Unearned premium revenue		14,323,492			(5,651	)		(2,758,569	)
Other payables and accruals		1,847,987			97,946			109,840

Net cash provided by operating activities		3,682,330			2,994,040			2,556,959

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of investments		(5,335,774	)		(4,955,458	)		(2,629,082	)
Sales of investments		3,475,750			3,038,165			1,602,603
Maturities of investments		200,000			700,000			200,000
Acquisition of property and equipment		(549,083	)		(471,904	)		(530,245	)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment					346,823			516,394
Investment, other					(2,000	)		(5,000	)

Net cash used in investing activities		(2,209,107	)		(1,344,374	)		(845,330	)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Mortgage loan repayments		(50,400	)		(49,200	)		(46,800	)
Repayment of capital lease		(311,342	)		(248,845	)		(124,181	)
Repurchase of redeemable common shares		(275,773	)		(223,176	)		(361,721	)
Repurchase of redeemable preferred shares		(2,805,064	)
Redeemable shares issued		2,280,066			1,932,356			330,535
Extinguishment cost of redeemable preferred shares		(118,800	)
Issuance cost of redeemable shares		(116,833	)		(112,419	)
Dividends paid		(510,413	)		(481,089	)		(425,327	)

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(1,908,559	)		817,627			(627,494	)

(DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		(435,336	)		2,467,293			1,084,135

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—Beginning of year		11,657,287			9,189,994			8,105,859

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—End of year	$	11,221,951		$	11,657,287		$	9,189,994

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for interest	$	70,000		$	68,000		$	59,000
Cash paid for income taxes		1,429,000			963,000			1,270,000

NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Redeemed common shares (in other payables and accruals)	$	25,443		$	84,618		$	82,518
Capital lease obligation					346,823			516,394
Redeemable common shares issued in lieu of cash payment of deferred compensation		230,695			227,209			255,714
Deferred restricted shares units issued in lieu of cash dividend		101,840			64,564			40,712
Purchased property and equipment (included in other payables and accruals)					8,823			1,344

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016 AND 2015 AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014

1.	GENERAL INFORMATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

DCP Holding Company (the “Company”) is the parent holding company of three wholly-owned subsidiaries which include Dental Care Plus, Inc., an Ohio corporation, Insurance Associates Plus, Inc., an Ohio corporation, and Adenta, Inc., a Kentucky corporation. Providers who participate in one or more of the Dental Care Plus networks own a majority of the Company’s Redeemable Common Shares. The Company’s Redeemable Common Shares are also owned by retired providers, Company board members, non-provider individuals and employees. The Company primarily offers to employer groups of all sizes dental health maintenance organization (“HMO”), participating provider organization (“PPO”) and indemnity plans for dental care services and vision benefit plans. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 342,000 members in our dental benefits plans and approximately 40,100 members in our vision benefit plans with approximately 2,900 providers participating in our dental HMO network, approximately 3,100 providers participating in our DentaSelect dental PPO network and approximately 2,200 in our Balanced Value dental PPO network. The Company has a network access agreement with a national dental network management company that has one of the largest PPO networks of providers under contract in the United States. With this network access agreement, our dental PPO members have access to approximately 45,300 additional providers throughout the United States. The Company also has other network access arrangements for the dental PPO plans that it offers on the Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Georgia and Tennessee exchanges. With this network access arrangement, FFM exchange members have access to the following approximate number of providers in 2016 in these five states: Ohio – 2,900 providers; Indiana – 1,100 providers; Pennsylvania – 1,400 providers; Georgia – 1,700 providers; Tennessee – 700 providers.

Dental Care Plus Inc. is an Ohio-domiciled insurance company dually licensed as a life and health insurer and a specialty health insuring corporation and able to underwrite dental indemnity, dental PPO, dental HMO, and vision benefit products as well as other life and health insurance products.

The accounting policies of the Company conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include estimates for items such as claims payable, deferred acquisition costs, income taxes and various other liability accounts. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Policies that affect the more significant elements of the consolidated financial statements are summarized below.

Basis of Presentation— The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries, each of which is wholly-owned, and have been prepared in conformity with GAAP. All intercompany accounts and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company presents its financial statements to conform with Article 7 of the Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X pursuant to Section 13-15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Cash and Cash Equivalents— The Company defines cash as cash held in operating accounts at financial institutions. The Company considers highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition as cash equivalents in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. These investments are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

Investments—The Company invests in certificates of deposit, corporate bonds and money market funds. The Company classifies all investments as available-for-sale. The Company engages a fixed income portfolio manager to manage the Company’s investment grade and non-investment grade corporate bonds, under the Company’s direction, in order to maximize investment returns. Such investments are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded as a component of other comprehensive income. The Company recognizes gains and losses when these securities have other than temporary impairment, mature or are sold using the specific identification method.

Management follows a consistent and systematic process for recognizing impairments on securities that sustain other-than-temporary declines in value. The decision to record an other-than-temporary impairment for a security incorporates both quantitative criteria and qualitative information. The Company considers the severity of the loss on a security, duration of loss, duration of the investment, credit rating of the security, as well as payment performance and the Company’s intent or requirement to sell the investment before recovery when determining whether any impairment is other than temporary. The Company’s impairment policy for fixed-maturity securities states that other-than-temporary impairment is considered to have occurred if (1) the Company intends to sell the impaired fixed maturity security; (2) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the fixed maturity security before recovery of its amortized cost basis; or (3) the present value of the expected cash flows is not sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis.

Property and Equipment— Property and equipment is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The building and the building improvements have useful lives of 27 years and 15 years, respectively. Furniture and fixtures have useful lives of 5 years, and computer equipment and software have useful lives of up to 5 years. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred. If an impairment exists, a loss is recorded as the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its fair value.

The Company capitalizes the costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance generally accepted accounting principles. Capitalized computer software costs consist of purchased software licenses, implementation costs, development costs and payroll-related costs for certain projects that qualify for capitalization. The Company expenses costs related to preliminary project assessment, training and application maintenance as incurred, and amortizes the capitalized computer software costs on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software upon being placed in service.

The Company reviews property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as significant decreases in market values of assets, changes in legal factors or in the business climate, and accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected to acquire or construct an asset, or other such factors indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

State Guarantee Fund Deposits— The Company maintains funds on deposit with state insurance departments in those states where the Company is licensed to do business. These funds amounted to approximately $1,850,000 and $326,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These funds are restricted and not available to the Company for normal operations and are included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets— Goodwill arises in business combinations when the purchase price exceeds the fair value of identifiable assets acquired less liabilities assumed. As with tangible and other intangible assets, periodic impairment reviews are required, at least annually, as well as when events or circumstances change. Management uses judgment in assessing goodwill for impairment. Management reviews the recorded value of our goodwill annually, or sooner if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may exceed fair value. Professional judgment is exercised in determining future cash flows, timing and business valuation comparables or selecting discount rates to be used in any valuation assessments.

Business acquisitions often result in recording identifiable intangible assets. Identifiable intangible assets are recognized at the time of an acquisition, based upon their fair value. Similar to long-lived tangible assets, identifiable define-life intangible assets are subject to amortization and periodic impairment reviews whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The review for impairment of the Company’s intangible assets requires management to predict the estimated cash flows that will be generated by the long-lived asset over its remaining estimated useful life.

Deferred Acquisition Costs—Deferred acquisition costs are those incremental direct costs related to the successful acquisition of new and renewal business. These incremental direct costs are those that are essential to the contract transaction and would not have been incurred had the contract transaction not occurred. Such incremental direct costs include commissions, costs of contract issuance and underwriting, state premium taxes and other costs the Company incurs to successfully acquire new business or renew existing business. The Company defers policy acquisition costs and amortizes them over the estimated life of the contracts, which are short-duration in nature, in proportion to premiums earned. The Company capitalized deferred acquisition costs of approximately $5,877,000, $4,358,000, and $3,989,000, and amortized approximately $4,780,000, $4,396,000, and $4,129,000 of these capitalized costs for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. The amortization of these costs are recorded in commission expenses and other acquisition costs included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Redeemable Institutional PreferredShares— In 2010, the Company entered into a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (the “2010 Stock Purchase Agreement”) with an investor. Pursuant to the 2010 Stock Purchase Agreement, the investor agreed to purchase 300 Redeemable Institutional Preferred Shares at a purchase price of $1,000 per share, with an aggregate purchase price of $300,000. The annual dividend payable on each share is 5% of the book value at the beginning of the dividend period.

In 2012, the Company entered into a Preferred Shares Purchase Agreement (the “2012 Stock Purchase Agreement”) with an investor. Pursuant to the 2012 Stock Purchase Agreement, the investor agreed to purchase 1,000 shares of Redeemable Institutional Preferred Shares at a purchase price of $1,000 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $1,000,000. The annual dividend payable on each share is 5% of the book value at the beginning of the dividend period.

In 2013, the Company entered into a Preferred Shares Purchase Agreement (the “2013 Stock Purchase Agreement”) with an investor. Pursuant to the 2013 Stock Purchase Agreement, the investor agreed to purchase 1,000 shares of Redeemable Institutional Preferred Shares at a purchase price of $1,000 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $1,000,000. The annual dividend payable on each share is 5% of the book value at the beginning of the dividend period.

On June 30, 2016, the Company delivered written notice to the holders of its (i) Redeemable Institutional Preferred Shares – 2010 Series, (ii) Redeemable Institutional Preferred Shares – 2012 Series, and (iii) Redeemable Institutional Preferred Shares – 2013 Series (collectively, the “Preferred Shares”), pursuant to which the Company exercised its right to redeem all of the Preferred Shares. The “Call Price” for each Preferred Share is 100% of the Adjusted Book Value per Preferred Share (as defined in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation), plus all accrued, but unpaid, dividends on each Preferred Share plus a 5% premium payable to holders of the 2012 Series and 2013 Series Preferred Shares. The holders of the Preferred Shares and the Company agreed to close the redemption on June 30, 2016, and on such date, the aggregate price paid for redemption of the Preferred Shares by the Company was approximately $2,924,000.

Redeemable Common Shares— The Company’s Class A, Class B, and Class C Redeemable Common Shares are owned by participating providers, Company directors, employees and accredited non-provider individuals. All participating providers, Company directors and Company employees are eligible to own the Class A and Class B voting redeemable common shares. Accredited non-provider individuals are eligible to own the Class C voting redeemable common shares. The maximum percentage of Class C Common Shares outstanding at any time as a proportion of all voting Common Shares is 40%. The Company’s Class A, Class B and Class C common shares are considered to be redeemable common shares due to the fact that the shareholders have the option to require the Company to repurchase these shares under certain circumstances. The Company records Class A, Class B and Class C common shares as Redeemable Common Shares in the consolidated balance sheets outside of shareholders’ equity at the redemption value of the common shares. Accordingly, the Company records total comprehensive income as a change to the redemption value of the Redeemable Common Shares to accrete (dilute) the carrying value of the Redeemable Common Shares to the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Under this method, the end of the reporting period is treated as if it were also the redemption date for the securities.

Premium Revenue—

Fully-Insured—Membership contracts are written on an annual or multi-year basis and are subject to cancellation by the employer group upon thirty days written notice. The Company’s unearned premium revenue was approximately $46,955,000 and $32,631,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and primarily relates to the estimated premium revenue associated with the remaining contract periods. Related unbilled amounts recorded in accounts receivable were approximately $45,687,000 and $30,955,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Premiums are due monthly in advance and are recognized evenly as revenue during the period in which the Company is obligated to provide services to members. Any amounts not received by the end of a reporting period are recorded as accounts receivable by the Company. Any premiums received prior to the beginning of a reporting period are recognized as premiums received in advance and are included in unearned premium revenue in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Premiums received in advance were approximately $1,268,000 and $1,676,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Management has determined that as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, no premium deficiency reserve is required. The Company’s premium deficiency reserve analysis includes an allocation of investment income.

Investment Income— Investment income is comprised of interest income primarily earned from the Company’s certificates of deposit, investment grade corporate bonds, non-investment grade corporate bonds, and money market investments.

Other Income and Realized Gains(Losses) On Investments, Net — Other income is comprised primarily of rental income from the rental of space in the building owned and partially occupied by the Company (See Note 15). Realized gains (losses) on investments is primarily made up of realized investment gains, losses and other than temporary impairments of investment grade and non-investment grade corporate bonds as well as .

Healthcare Services Expense— Healthcare services expense is recognized on a monthly basis. In the case of the fully-insured dental HMO and indemnity (“dental HMO/IND”) and dental PPO segments, healthcare services expense is calculated by taking the paid claims associated with the fully-insured membership and adjusting this amount for the change in the claims payable liability determined using actuarial estimates. For the self-insured dental segment, the healthcare services expense is based solely on the paid claims for the self-insured membership. The Company incurred claim costs related to dental care providers amounting to approximately $80,500,000, $76,684,000, and $71,696,000, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.

Claims Payable— The Company estimates liabilities for both incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) and reported claims in process by employing actuarial methods that are commonly used by health insurance actuaries. These estimates meet actuarial standards of practice and are also recorded in accordance with GAAP. Management’s estimates of dental services provided are based on the Company’s historical experience and current trends, with assistance from the Company’s consulting actuary. Estimated dental claims payable are reviewed monthly by management and are adjusted based on current information, actual paid claims data, dental utilization statistics and other pertinent information. However, final claim payments may differ from the established reserves. Any resulting adjustments are reflected in current operations in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Derivative Instruments— All derivative financial instruments are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. The changes in fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income, with subsequent reclassification to earnings when the hedged transaction asset or liability impacts earnings. Any ineffectiveness is recognized in earnings immediately. The Company’s risk management policy is to not enter into derivatives for speculative purposes.

Federal Income Tax— Deferred federal income tax is provided for in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying values and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Differences result primarily from items such as accrued commissions, deferred compensation, unearned premiums, property and equipment, deferred acquisition costs and unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on investments.

The Company reviews the deferred tax assets to determine the necessity of a valuation allowance. Valuation allowances are provided to the extent it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return which includes all subsidiaries.

Concentrations of Credit Risk— Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of premiums receivable. Other than as discussed below, concentrations of credit risk with respect to premiums receivable are limited because of the large number of employer groups comprising the Company’s client base and contracts are cancelled if premiums are not paid within 90 days.

During 2016, 2015, and 2014, four fully-insured customers accounted for approximately 10%, 10%, and 9%, respectively, of the Company’s total premium revenue. Additionally, two self-insured customers accounted for approximately 11%, 11%, and 10% of the Company’s total revenue during each of the years 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.

The Company had one customer that had a balance of approximately 24% and 28% of the uncollected premium receivable balance at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The Company maintains its cash in bank deposit accounts, which at times exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments—Certain financial instruments are required to be recorded at fair value. The Company primarily bases fair value for investments in fixed-maturity securities (including federally-insured certificates of deposits, investment grade corporate bonds and non-investment grade corporate bonds) on quoted market prices or on prices from a pricing vendor, an outside resource that supplies securities pricing, dividend, corporate action and descriptive information to support pricing, securities operations, research and portfolio management. The Company obtains and reviews the pricing service’s valuation methodologies and validates these prices using various inputs, including quotes from other independent regulatory sources. When deemed necessary, the Company validates prices by replicating a sample using a discounted cash flow model. Changes in assumptions or estimation methods could affect the fair value estimates.

New Accounting Guidance— In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2014-09,Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2014-09 amends the accounting for revenue recognition. Insurance contracts are not included in the scope of this new guidance. The effective date of ASU 2014-09 is for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. While we expect revenue related to our self-insured dental business to remain primarily unchanged, we are still evaluating the impact of the new guidance on the customer arrangements for this business. Accordingly, management continues to evaluate the impact of the new standard on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-09,Financial Services-Insurance: Disclosures About Short-Duration Contracts. ASU 2015-09 requires entities to provide additional disclosures about the liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses to increase the transparency of significant estimates. The guidance also requires entities to disclose information about significant changes in methodologies and assumptions used to calculate the liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses, including reasons for the change and the effects on the financial statements. In addition, this guidance also requires entities to disclose a roll forward of the liability of unpaid claims and claim adjustment expense for annual and interim reporting periods. The effective date of this new guidance is for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim reporting periods within the annual period beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted the requirements of ASU 2015-09 and has included the new disclosures within Note 6.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10) - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. ASU 2016-01 revises the accounting related to the classification and measurement of investments in equity securities and the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value. The effective date of ASU 2016-01 is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The ASU has not yet been adopted by the Company. Management is currently evaluating the impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, cash flows and results of operations, but it is not expected to have a significant impact.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02,Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 introduces a new lease model that requires the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and the disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. While this new standard retains most of the principles of the existing lessor model under U.S. GAAP, it aligns many of those principles with ASC 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The effective date of ASU 2016-02 is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The ASU has not yet been adopted by the Company. Management is currently evaluating the impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, cash flows and results of operations, but it is not expected to have a significant impact.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13,Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 amends previous guidance on the impairment of financial instruments by adding an impairment model that allows an entity to recognize expected credit losses as an allowance rather than impairing as they are incurred. The new guidance is intended to reduce complexity of credit impairment models and result in a more timely recognition of expected credit losses. The effective date of ASU 2016-13 is for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The ASU has not yet been adopted by the Company. Management is currently evaluating the impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, cash flows and results of operations, but it is not expected to have a significant impact.

2.	INVESTMENTS

The Company owned certificates of deposit insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) with an amortized cost of $1,090,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015. The certificates of deposit included in short-term and fixed maturities investments are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. The Company also invests in money market funds included in short-term investments and are classified as available-for-sale, with a cost and fair value of approximately $223,000 and $249,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company invested in corporate bonds with an amortized cost of approximately $8,025,000 and $7,855,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The investment and non-investment grade corporate bonds included in fixed maturity investments are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value.

The Company owned corporate bonds at December 31, 2016, which consist primarily of investment grade securities. At December 31, 2016, total bond fair value was approximately $8,020,000, which consists of approximately $7,363,000 with a credit rating of BBB- or better. The remaining securities, totaling approximately $657,000, had a credit rating of between BB+ and CCC. The weighted average yield-to-cost of the Company’s corporate bonds was approximately 3.08% at December 31, 2016. The weighted average maturity of the Company’s corporate bonds was 5.10 years at December 31, 2016.

At December 31, 2016 and, 2015, maturity dates for fixed maturities and short-term investments (excluding the money market funds) were:

	Available-for-Sale
	Amortized		Fair		% of Total
December 31, 2016	Cost		Value		Fair Value
Maturity dates occurring:
Less than 1 year	$	290,000	$	290,412		3.2	%
Years 1-5		5,722,990		5,741,735		63.0	%
Years 5-10		3,052,388		3,035,185		33.3	%
Due after ten years		50,000		47,500		0.5	%

Total	$	9,115,378	$	9,114,832		100.0	%

	Available-for-Sale
	Amortized		Fair		% of Total
December 31, 2015	Cost		Value		Fair Value
Maturity dates occurring:
Less than 1 year	$	200,000	$	200,324		2.2	%
Years 1-5		6,089,269		6,047,291		67.9	%
Years 5-10		2,528,939		2,535,648		28.5	%
Due after ten years		126,547		125,860		1.4	%

Total	$	8,944,755	$	8,909,123		100.0	%

Investments classified at December 31, 2016 and 2015, as fixed maturities and short-term investments were as follows:

	Available-for-Sale
	Cost or		Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
December 31, 2016	Cost		Gain		Loss			Value

Money market fund	$	222,577						$	222,577

Certificates of deposit, short term		290,000		412					290,412

Certificates of deposit, fixed maturities		800,000		4,728	$	(66	)		804,662

Corporate bonds, fixed maturities		8,025,378		76,323		(81,943	)		8,019,758
Total investments	$	9,337,955	$	81,463	$	(82,009	)	$	9,337,409

	Available-for-Sale
	Cost or		Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
December 31, 2015	Cost		Gain		Loss			Value

Money market fund	$	249,133						$	249,133

Certificates of deposit, short term		200,000		324					200,324

Certificates of deposit, fixed maturities		890,000		302	$	(3,552	)		886,750

Corporate bonds, fixed maturities		7,854,755		83,037		(115,743	)		7,822,049
Total investments	$	9,193,888	$	83,663	$	(119,295	)	$	9,158,256

Unrealized losses at December 31, 2016 and 2015 on investments were generally due to higher current market yields relative to the yields of the investments at their amortized cost. Unrealized losses due to credit risk associated with the underlying collateral of the investments, if any, are not material. All investments with unrealized losses are reviewed quarterly to determine if any impairment is other than temporary, requiring a charge to earnings. The Company considers the severity of the loss on a security, duration of loss, duration of the investment, credit rating of the security, as well as payment performance and the Company’s intent or requirement to sell the investment before recovery when determining whether any impairment is other than temporary. The Company had no other-than-temporary impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company had six other-than-temporarily impaired securities which were recorded as a realized loss of approximately $111,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015. The Company had no other-than-temporary impairment charges for the year ended December 31, 2014. The Company had no investments in a material unrealized loss position for greater than one year as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.

The following table provides realized investments gains and losses for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

	2016			2015			2014

Gross realized gains	$	147,513		$	80,199		$	31,784

Gross realized losses		(71,664	)		(28,073	)		(2,093	)

Other than temporary impairments					(111,052	)

Total realized gains (losses) on investments, net	$	75,849		$	(58,926	)	$	29,691

3.	PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment at December 31 were summarized as follows:

	2016			2015

Land	$	364,000		$	364,000
Building and building improvements		2,504,775			2,504,775
Furniture and equipment		3,419,660			3,001,080
Total property and equipment		6,288,435			5,869,855

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	$	(3,531,436	)	$	(3,168,946	)


Total property and equipment - net	$	2,756,999		$	2,700,909

The Company had depreciation expense of approximately $484,000, $449,000, and $318,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

4.	GOODWILL ANDINTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill and intangible assets were recorded as a result of the acquisition of Adenta, Inc. in 2005 related to goodwill, an acquired contract, memberships and a provider network. Goodwill amounted to approximately $136,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015. There has not been any impairment on goodwill. Identifiable and amortizable intangible assets amounted to approximately $50,000 net of approximately $190,000 of accumulated amortization at December 31, 2016 and to approximately $66,000 net of approximately $174,000 of accumulated amortization at December 31, 2015. Amortization expense was approximately $15,000 for each of the three years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. The provider network intangible asset of approximately $46,000 at December 31, 2016 is being amortized over a period of 20 years, a period during which the Company expects that all of these providers will have retired from the network. Membership intangible assets (net of individual memberships written-off in the year of acquisition) of approximately $4,000 at December 31, 2016 are being amortized over an 11 year useful life in accordance with the Company’s expectation for the membership retention. The remaining weighted-average amortization period for these intangible assets is approximately 8 years. Goodwill and intangible assets are included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015.

5.	DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN

In accordance with the 2006 Dental Care Plus Management Equity Incentive Plan and the Dental Care Plus, Inc. and DCP Holding Company Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plans”), Company directors and certain key employees elected to defer portions of their director fees and employee compensation, as applicable. The Company recorded expense of approximately $61,000, $141,000, and $130,000 related to deferred director fees and deferred employee compensation for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Directors and key employees who elect to defer cash compensation may request that the Company invest this compensation in a mutual fund investment or phantom shares of the Company. The deferred cash compensation is included in the deferred compensation liability at December 31, 2016 and 2015.

The Company has a long-term incentive compensation program for named executive officers pursuant to which an officer may receive an award of up to 45% of such officer’s base salary in the form of cash awards which will vest if established Company performance criteria are achieved over a three year period. The named executive officer has the option to defer all or a portion of the cash award. During 2016, approximately $288,000 in cash awards vested of which approximately $235,000 has been deferred and included in the deferred compensation liability. There were no non-vested awards outstanding at December 31, 2016.

The Plans also provide for the directors and key employees to receive share awards based on the book value of the Redeemable Common Shares. Subsequent to 2010, a director will receive Class B Redeemable Common Shares upon vesting. A key employee may elect to defer receiving such amounts until termination of employment and vesting requirements are met. If a key employee does not elect to defer receiving his or her share awards, the individual will receive Class B Redeemable Common Shares upon vesting. If the share awards are deferred, these deferred amounts will be paid in cash at redemption. An individual director’s award vests 100% at the end of each year if the director meets certain attendance requirements. The key employee awards vest 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% at the end of each respective year in a four-year period following the grant date. There are no performance criteria associated with the vesting of the awards for key employees and the only requirement for vesting is that the individual is an employee of the Company at the end of the vesting year in question. There were approximately 170 and 157 of these non-vested awards outstanding at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The number of awards expected to vest approximates the total non-vested awards outstanding.

The deferred compensation expense related to these awards is recorded ratably during the applicable vesting period. The Company recorded deferred compensation expense of approximately $710,000, $597,000, and $872,000, with a deferred tax benefit of approximately $241,000, $203,000, and $296,000, related to deferred share awards and the change in the value of phantom shares for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, there is approximately $145,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards under the Plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.69 years.

Share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the awards and is recognized as expense over the vesting periods and is included in total insurance expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The fair value of employee awards is remeasured at the end of each reporting period through the remaining vesting period with the change in fair value recognized in earnings.

In February 2016 and 2015, the Board declared a per share cash dividend for all Redeemable Common Shares in the amounts of $40.47 and $39.86 per share, respectively. With the dividend, the holders of restricted share units and phantom shares received an equivalent share based dividend that resulted in an increase in the deferred compensation liability of approximately $102,000 and $65,000 in February 2016 and February 2015, respectively. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the deferred compensation liability was approximately $4,051,000 and $3,287,000, respectively.

The maximum aggregate number of share based awards that may be issued under the Plans are 15,000 Class B Common Shares. In 2016, the non-employee members of the Board were granted a total of 228 share based awards. In 2016, key employees were granted 89 share based awards. In 2016, individuals who elected to defer a portion of their cash compensation purchased approximately 3 phantom shares. The equivalent share based dividend in February 2016 granted approximately 100 share based awards to individuals. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has granted a total of 4,543 share awards, net of share based dividends, forfeitures and rescinded share awards of which 2,863 are outstanding.

The following is a summary of activity of non-vested awards for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:

	Individual Director's Share Awards			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Key Employee Share Awards			Fair Value at December 31, 2016

Non-vested awards at January 1, 2016							157.4
Granted		228.0		$	1,012		89.0
Vested		(228.0	)		1,012		(76.7	)
Non-vested awards at December 31, 2016							169.7		$	1,131

	Individual Director's Share Awards			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Key Employee Share Awards			Fair Value at December 31, 2015

Non-vested awards at January 1, 2015							481.9
Granted		228.0		$	997		88.0
Vested		(228.0	)		997		(412.5	)
Non-vested awards at December 31, 2015							157.4		$	1,040

The following is a summary of activity of vested awards for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:

	Individual Director's Awards			Weighted Average Vested price		Key Employee Awards		Fair Value at December 31, 2016

Vested awards at January 1, 2016		872.6		$	1,040		1,222.3

Share based dividend		33.7			1,025		48.9
Vested during the year		228.0			1,131		76.7
Converted to Redeemable Common Shares		(228.0	)		1,131

Vested awards at December 31, 2016		906.3			1,131		1,347.9	$	1,131

	Individual Director's Awards			Weighted Average Vested price		Key Employee Awards		Fair Value at December 31, 2015

Vested awards at January 1, 2015		839.2		$	1,018		778.8

Share based dividend		33.4			1,003		31.0
Vested during the year		228.0			1,040		412.5
Converted to Redeemable Common Shares		(228.0	)		1,040

Vested awards at December 31, 2015		872.6			1,040		1,222.3	$	1,040

6.	LIABILITY FOR CLAIMS PAYABLE

Activity in the liability for claims payable for members is summarized as follows:

	2016			2015		2014

Balance—January 1	$	3,253,346		$	2,997,613	$	2,219,725

Net incurred claims related to:
Current year		55,449,347			51,683,686		48,580,639
Prior years		(63,522	)		45,917		75,288

Net incurred claims		55,385,825			51,729,603		48,655,927

Net paid claims related to:
Current year		51,721,965			48,438,729		45,587,042
Prior years		3,173,655			3,035,141		2,290,997

Net paid claims		54,895,620			51,473,870		47,878,039

Balance—December 31	$	3,743,551		$	3,253,346	$	2,997,613

Reconciliation of claims payable liability to unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses are as follows:

	2016		2015

Net outstanding liabilities
Dental HMO claims payable	$	2,585,627	$	2,118,610
Dental PPO claims payable		1,093,986		1,083,876

Unallocated claims adjustment expenses		63,938		50,860

Total gross liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expense	$	3,743,551	$	3,253,346

Substantially all of the incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) balance for dental HMO and dental PPO as of December 31, 2016 relates to the current year. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the IBNR balance included in the total claims payable liability was approximately $1,441,000 and $1,874,000, respectively. The following is information about fully insured dental healthcare expense incurred and fully insured healthcare expense paid as of December 31, 2016:

Cumulative Fully-Insured Dental HMO Claims Incurred

	2014		2015		2016		Claim
Dental Claim Year	*(Unaudited)*		*(Unaudited)*				Frequency

2014	$	36,055,249	$	36,174,429	$	36,177,921		241,566
2015				37,376,156		37,453,888		248,459
2016						39,921,664		253,296
			Total		$	113,553,473

Cumulative Fully-Insured Dental HMO Claims Paid

	2014		2015		2016
Dental Claim Year	*(Unaudited)*		*(Unaudited)*

2014	$	34,002,553	$	36,172,452	$	36,177,921
2015				35,259,523		37,452,963
2016						37,336,962
			Total		$	110,967,846

Liabilities for dental HMO claims payable					$	2,585,627

Cumulative Fully-Insured Dental PPO Claims Incurred

	2014		2015		2016		Claim
Dental Claim Year	*(Unaudited)*		*(Unaudited)*				Frequency

2014	$	12,625,528	$	12,613,896	$	12,615,686		86,990
2015				14,449,265		14,352,688		94,508
2016						15,463,744		99,824
			Total			42,432,118

Cumulative Fully-Insured Dental PPO Claims Paid

	2014		2015		2016
Dental Claim Year	*(Unaudited)*		*(Unaudited)*

2014	$	11,731,618	$	12,612,769	$	12,615,686
2015				13,366,515		14,337,446
2016						14,385,000
			Total		$	41,338,132

Liabilities for dental PPO claims payable					$	1,093,986

DEBT

The Company has a mortgage note with a bank, secured by the land and the office building with interest payable based on the 30-day LIBOR rate plus 1.95%. As a result of the mortgage note having a variable interest rate that adjusts monthly with the 30-day LIBOR rate, the carrying value of the mortgage note of $1,148,000 approximates fair value. The Company also entered into an interest rate swap agreement that effectively changed the interest rate related to the mortgage note with a commercial bank from a variable rate based on the 30-day LIBOR rate plus 1.95% to a fixed rate of 3.90% for the 10-year period through December 22, 2022. Under this mortgage, the Company is required to have a minimum tangible net worth equal to or greater than $3,500,000 at the end of each fiscal year and a debt service ratio of at least 1:1. The mortgage note fair value disclosure is classified as Level 2 in the fair-value hierarchy.

Required principal repayments under the mortgage loan payable are as follows:

Years Ending
December 31

2017	$	52,800
2018		55,200
2019		57,600
2020		58,800
2021 and thereafter		923,600

Total mortgage payable	$	1,148,000

In 2015, the Company entered into a sale-leaseback transaction with a leasing company for the sale of certain fixed assets for approximately $347,000. There was no gain or loss on the sale. The Company did not retain the benefits and risk to the property sold and the risk of ownership was transferred to the leasing company. The Company also entered into a capital lease agreement with the leasing company that obligates the Company to pay lease payments totaling approximately $373,000 related to these assets over a four year period. Under this capital lease agreement, the Company is required to have a minimum tangible net worth equal to or greater than $2,500,000 at the end of each fiscal year.

In 2014, the Company entered into a sale-leaseback transaction with a leasing company for the sale of certain fixed assets for approximately $516,000. There was no gain or loss on the sale. The Company did not retain the benefits and risk to the property sold and the risk of ownership was transferred to the leasing company. The Company also entered into a capital lease agreement with the leasing company that obligates the Company to pay lease payments totaling approximately $552,000 related to these assets over a four year period. Under this capital lease agreement, the Company is required to have a minimum tangible net worth equal to or greater than $2,500,000 at the end of each fiscal year.

At December 31, 2016, future required payments under all outstanding capital leases are as follows:

2017	$	240,212
2018		231,138
2019		104,704
2020		7,767

Total		583,821

Less imputed interest		(25,707	)

Present value of minimum lease payments	$	558,114

8.	DERIVATIVE

The Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement (cash flow hedge) used to manage the Company’s interest rate risk. The swap agreement effectively changed the interest rate related to the Company’s mortgage note with a commercial bank from a variable rate based on the 30-day LIBOR rate plus 1.95% to a fixed rate of 3.90% for the 10-year period through December 22, 2022. The Company’s risk management policy is to not enter into derivatives for speculative purposes. The notional amount decreases in direct correlation to the principal reduction of the mortgage and was approximately $1,148,000 and $1,198,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company believes that the risk of nonperformance by the counter party to this agreement is not material to the financial statements. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the fair value of this agreement was a liability of approximately $7,000 and $18,000, respectively. This amount is included in other payables and accruals in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The agreement will terminate upon maturity of the mortgage loan payable (Note 7).

The amounts included in other comprehensive income (loss) related to the interest rate swap was $7,471, $(8,687), and $33,504, net of income tax expense (benefit) of $3,848, $(4,475), and $17,260, during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

9.	LINES OF CREDIT

The Company has an annually renewable agreement with a commercial bank for a $500,000 working capital line of credit. Interest is payable at a variable rate of LIBOR plus 2.50%. The Company did not have any interest expense or significant fees for the line of credit for each of the three years ended December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, there was no amount outstanding on this line of credit. The $500,000 working capital line of credit expires in July 2017. The Company expects to renew this line of credit at its maturity.

The Company has an additional annually renewable working capital line of credit for $1,000,000. Interest is payable at a variable rate of LIBOR plus 2.50%. The Company did not have any interest expense or significant fees for the line of credit for each of the three years ended December 31, 2016. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, there was no amount outstanding on this line of credit. The $1,000,000 working capital line of credit expires in July 2017. The Company expects to renew this line of credit at its maturity.

10.	FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

The components of the provision for income taxes are summarized as follows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively:

	2016			2015			2014

Current tax expense:
Federal	$	1,520,374		$	1,075,126		$	1,020,061
State and local		32,578			25,922			19,716

Total current tax expense		1,552,952			1,101,048			1,039,777

Deferred tax benefit
Federal		(180,068	)		(295,047	)		(144,499	)
State and local		(9,400	)		(7,578	)		(7,536	)

Total deferred tax benefit		(189,468	)		(302,625	)		(152,035	)

Total provision for income taxes	$	1,363,484		$	798,423		$	887,742

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following:

	2016			2015
Deferred tax assets:
Unearned premiums	$	86,212		$	113,961
Net operating loss		25,231			29,317
Recapitalization intangible		48,234			48,234
Accrued vacation		87,028			106,361
Accrued commissions		429,267			227,635
Deferred compensation		1,281,799			1,117,602
Accrued professional fees		47,430			49,301
Unrealized loss on investments		30,774			65,904
Other, net		87,968			71,345

Gross deferred tax assets		2,123,943			1,829,660

Valuation Allowance		(48,234	)		(48,234	)

Gross deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance		2,075,709			1,781,426

Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred policy acquisition costs		163,923			101,213
Prepaid insurance		125,784			90,286
Property and equipment		160,033			137,350
Identifiable intangible assets		17,134			22,353

Gross deferred tax liabilities		466,874			351,202

Net deferred tax asset	$	1,608,835		$	1,430,224

Management believes it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance will reduce future income tax payments. Significant factors considered by management in its determination of the probability of the realization of the deferred tax benefits include the historical operating results and the expectations of future earnings. The Company had $74,209, $86,226, and $98,247 of net operating loss carry forwards to utilize in future years at December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. These losses will expire between 2018 and 2024. Net deferred tax assets are included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015.

The Company’s effective tax rate was different from the U.S statutory rate due to the following:

								2016			2015			2014
								Effective Tax			Effective Tax			Effective Tax
	2016			2015		2014		Rate			Rate			Rate

Provision computed at statutory rate	$	1,139,903		$	597,213	$	757,831		34.0	%		34.0	%		34.0	%
State and local taxes		23,101			9,309		4,575		0.7			0.5			0.2
Nondeductible meals, entertainment and legal expense		26,899			23,156		11,603		0.8			1.3			0.5
Nondeductible federal premium tax		189,558			168,745		113,733		5.7			9.7			5.1
Other—net		(15,977	)						(0.5	)

Provision for income taxes	$	1,363,484		$	798,423	$	887,742		40.7	%		45.5	%		39.8	%

11.	ACCOUNTING FOR UNCERTAIN TAX POSITIONS

For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, the Company did not have any significant uncertain tax positions. The Company is primarily subject to U.S. federal and various U.S. state and local tax authorities. Tax years subsequent to 2012 remain open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), and tax years subsequent to 2011 remain open to other state and local tax authorities.

12.	RETIREMENT PLAN

Employees of the Company are covered by a defined contribution 401(k) plan sponsored by the Company. Discretionary contributions of a certain percentage of each employee’s contribution, which may not exceed a limit set annually by the Internal Revenue Service, are contributed by the Company each year and vest ratably over a five-year period. Company contributions, including administration fees paid by the Company, amounted to approximately $89,000, $83,000 and $60,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

13.

ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Accumulated other comprehensive income includes changes in unrealized gains and losses on available for sale and other invested assets as follows:

	2016									2015
	Before Tax			Income Tax			Net			Before Tax			Income Tax			Net
Accumulated unrealized gains, net on investments available for sale, beginning of period	$	(34,498	)	$	(11,726	)	$	(22,772	)	$	155,814		$	52,980		$	102,834
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		50,566			17,193			33,373			(249,238	)		(84,741	)		(164,497	)
Reclassification adjustment for realized investment (gains) losses, net included in realized gains on investments, net		(29,444	)		(10,011	)		(19,433	)		58,926			20,035			38,891
Effect on other comprehensive income (loss)		21,122			7,182			13,940			(190,312	)		(64,706	)		(125,606	)
Accumulated unrealized gains, net, on investments available for sale, end of period	$	(13,376	)	$	(4,544	)	$	(8,832	)	$	(34,498	)	$	(11,726	)	$	(22,772	)

Accumulated unrealized (losses), net, on interest rate swap, beginning of period	$	(18,016	)	$	(6,126	)	$	(11,890	)	$	(4,854	)	$	(1,651	)	$	(3,203	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification		11,319			3,848			7,471			(13,162	)		(4,475	)		(8,687	)
Effect on other comprehensive income (loss)		11,319			3,848			7,471			(13,162	)		(4,475	)		(8,687	)
Accumulated unrealized (losses), net, on interest rate swap, end of period	$	(6,697	)	$	(2,278	)	$	(4,419	)	$	(18,016	)	$	(6,126	)	$	(11,890	)

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, beginning of period	$	(52,514	)	$	(17,852	)	$	(34,662	)	$	150,960		$	51,329		$	99,631
Change in unrealized gains (losses), net, on investments available for sale		21,122			7,182			13,940			(190,312	)		(64,706	)		(125,606	)
Change in unrealized gains (losses), net, on interest rate swap		11,319			3,848			7,471			(13,162	)		(4,475	)		(8,687	)
Effect on other comprehensive income (loss)		32,441			11,030			21,411			(203,474	)		(69,181	)		(134,293	)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), end of period	$	(20,073	)	$	(6,822	)	$	(13,251	)	$	(52,514	)	$	(17,852	)	$	(34,662	)

	2014
	Before Tax			Income Tax			Net
Accumulated unrealized gains, net on investments available for sale, beginning of period	$	85,588		$	29,101		$	56,487
Other comprehensive income before reclassification		99,917			33,974			65,943
Reclassification adjustment for realized investment (gains), net included in realized gains on investments, net		(29,691	)		(10,095	)		(19,596	)
Effect on other comprehensive income		70,226			23,879			46,347
Accumulated unrealized gains, net, on investments available for sale, end of period	$	155,814		$	52,980		$	102,834

Accumulated unrealized (losses), net, on interest rate swap, beginning of period	$	(55,618	)	$	(18,911	)	$	(36,707	)
Other comprehensive income before reclassification		50,764			17,260			33,504
Effect on other comprehensive income		50,764			17,260			33,504
Accumulated unrealized (losses), net, on interest rate swap, end of period	$	(4,854	)	$	(1,651	)	$	(3,203	)

Accumulated other comprehensive income, beginning of period	$	29,970		$	10,190		$	19,780
Change in unrealized gains, net, on investments available for sale		70,226			23,879			46,347
Change in unrealized gains, net, on interest rate swap		50,764			17,260			33,504
Effect on other comprehensive income		120,990			41,139			79,851
Accumulated other comprehensive income, end of period	$	150,960		$	51,329		$	99,631

14.	LEASE INCOME

The Company leases space in its building to unrelated parties under non-cancelable leases. Income recorded by the Company under non-cancelable leases amounted to approximately $52,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016, and approximately $62,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. Such amounts are recorded as other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

15.	COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Leases—The Company leases certain equipment and office space under non-cancelable operating leases. Rent expense under all operating leases was approximately $206,000, $168,000, and $154,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

At December 31, 2016, future approximate minimum annual lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases are as follows:

2017	$	256,000
2018		237,000
2019		180,000
2020		39,000
2021		8,000

Total	$	720,000

Litigation—In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to various regulatory proceedings, lawsuits, claims and other matters. In the opinion of the Company’s management, we are not aware of any matters which are more than remote in possibility, and the eventual resolution of such matters for amounts above those reflected in the consolidated financial statements would not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company.

16.	SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company manages its business with four segments: fully-insured dental HMO and indemnity, fully-insured dental PPO, self-insured dental and corporate, all other. Self-insured dental consists of the self-insured dental HMO, self-insured dental PPO and self-insured dental indemnity products. Corporate, all other consists of revenue associated with the Company’s dental indemnity, dental PPO, and vision products underwritten by third-party insurance carriers and certain other corporate activities. These segments are consistent with information used by the Chief Executive Officer (the chief operating decision maker) in managing the business.

The results of the fully-insured dental HMO and indemnity, fully-insured dental PPO and self-insured dental segments are measured by gross profit. The Company does not allocate insurance expense, investment and other income, assets or liabilities to these segments because the Company does not use these measures to analyze the segments. These items are assigned to the remainder of the Company’s business, which it identifies as corporate, all other. The Company’s gross profit was approximately $25,094,000, $21,577,000, and $20,240,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Listed below is financial information required for each reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (amounts in thousands):

	Fiscal Year Ended						Fiscal Year Ended
	December 31, 2016						December 31, 2015

	Revenues-		Healthcare				Revenues-		Healthcare
	External		Services				External		Services
	Customers		Expense		Total		Customers		Expense		Total
Reportable segments:
Fully-insured dental HMO/Indemnity	$	53,393	$	39,995	$	13,398	$	49,458	$	37,346	$	12,112
Fully-insured dental PPO		22,363		15,391		6,972		19,198		14,384		4,814
Self-insured dental		29,067		25,114		3,953		28,922		24,954		3,968
Corporate, all other		771				771		683				683
Total	$	105,594	$	80,500		25,094	$	98,261	$	76,684		21,577

Investment income						274						252
Realized gains (loss) on investments, net						76						(59	)
Other income						52						62

Insurance expense						22,143						20,076

Income before income tax					$	3,353					$	1,756

Total assets-corporate					$	78,082					$	60,344

	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 31, 2014

	Revenues-		Healthcare
	External		Services
	Customers		Expense		Total
Reportable segments:
Fully-insured dental HMO/Indemnity	$	47,948	$	35,995	$	11,953
Fully-insured dental PPO		16,459		12,661		3,798
Self-insured dental		26,905		23,040		3,865
Corporate, all other		624		-		624
Total	$	91,936	$	71,696		20,240

Investment income						222
Realized gains on investments, net						30
Other income						62

Insurance expense						18,325

Income before income tax					$	2,229

Inter-segment revenues were not significant for 2016, 2015, or 2014.

17.	RELATEDPARTIES

All of the Company’s Class A and Class B shareholders are related parties, either as a participating provider, director or an employee of the Company.

The Company’s providers, who are also shareholders, submitted claims of approximately $38,256,000, $38,248,000, and $36,902,000, in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. The Company had claims payable liability to related party providers of approximately $1,779,000 and $1,631,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Seven of our Board members are also participating providers and as a group received approximately $201,000, $191,000, and $191,000 in directors’ fees for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.

18.	FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company classifies the assets and liabilities that require measurement of fair value based on the priority of the observable and market-based sources of data into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

●

Level 1 – Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access.

●

Level 2 – Valuations based on significant other observable inputs other than those included in Level 1 such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

●

Level 3 – Valuations based on unobservable inputs such as when observable inputs are not available or inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following table presents for each of the fair value levels, the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 (amounts in thousands):

	December 31, 2016						December 31, 2015
	Level 1		Level 2		Total Balance		Level 1		Level 2		Total Balance
Assets
Fixed maturities
Federally-Insured certificates of deposit			$	805	$	805			$	887	$	887
Investment grade corporate bonds				7,363		7,363				7,144		7,144
Non-investment grade corporate bonds				657		657				678		678
Short-term investments
Money market funds	$	223				223	$	249				249
Federally-Insured certificates of deposit				290		290				200		200
Deferred compensation investments (a)
Equity mutual fund investments		729				729		645				645
State guarantee fund deposits (b)
Government securities		1,775				1,775		251				251
Federally-Insured certificates of deposit				75		75				75		75
Total	$	2,727	$	9,190	$	11,917	$	1,145	$	8,984	$	10,129

Liabilities
Interest rate swap (c)			$	7	$	7			$	18	$	18
Total			$	7	$	7			$	18	$	18

(a) Included as a trading security in other assets

(b) Included in other assets

The Company measures fair value using the following valuation methodologies. The Company uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of the money market funds, deferred compensation investments and certain state fund guarantee deposits; such items are classified as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Examples include government securities and mutual fund equity securities. The Company primarily bases fair value for investments in fixed-maturity securities on prices from a pricing vendor, an outside resource that supplies independent securities pricing, dividend, corporate action and descriptive information to support fund pricing, securities operations, research and portfolio management. The Company obtains and reviews the pricing service’s valuation methodologies and validates these prices using various inputs including quotes from other independent regulatory sources. When deemed necessary, the Company validates prices by replicating a sample using a discounted cash flow model. Such items are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company obtains a price from an independent vendor to determine the fair value of the interest rate swap. The independent vendor uses a discounted cash flow method whereby the significant observable inputs include the replacement interest rates of similar swap instruments in the market and swap curves; such items are classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, there were no assets or liabilities that were required to be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The Company did not have any transfers between fair value hierarchy levels during December 2016 and 2015. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not have any assets or liabilities classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

19.	REDEEMABLE SHARES, SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND DIVIDEND RESTRICTIONS

Participating providers along with Company directors and employees have the option to purchase one or more voting Class B Redeemable Common Shares of the Company, when offered. Non-provider individuals are eligible to purchase Class C voting Redeemable Common Shares, when offered. The maximum percentage of Class C Common Shares outstanding at any time as a proportion of all voting Common Shares is 40%. The book value of a common share was approximately $1,110 and $1,012 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. In 2016, 2015, and 2014, the Board declared a per share cash dividend for all Class A, Class B and Class C Redeemable Common Shares in the amounts of $40.47, $39.86, and $35.77, respectively.

The Company has 100,000 authorized Class D Redeemable Common Shares, without par value. The Class D Redeemable Common Shares are non-voting redeemable common shares that Preferred Shares may be converted to under certain circumstances. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, none of these Class D Redeemable Common Shares were issued or are outstanding.

The Company is authorized to issue 100,000 preferred shares, without par. In 2010, the Company entered into a Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement with an investor for 300 Redeemable Institutional Preferred Shares at a purchase price of $1,000 per share. In 2012 and 2013, the Company entered into additional Stock Purchase Agreements with an investor for the sale of 1,000 Redeemable Institutional Preferred Shares each year at a purchase price of $1,000 per share. In June 2016, Company exercised its right to redeem all of the Preferred Shares and as of December 31, 2016 there were no issued or outstanding preferred shares. The annual dividend payable on each Redeemable Institutional Preferred Share is 5% of the book value at the beginning of the dividend period. As of December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, dividends declared and paid were approximately $69,000, $135,000, and $128,000, respectively.

Redeemable Provider Preferred Shares-2009 Series are entitled to a cumulative cash dividend equal to 5% of the year end book value of the Redeemable Provider Preferred Shares. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, none of these Provider Preferred Shares were issued or are outstanding.

Dividend restrictions vary among the subsidiaries. Dental Care Plus is restricted by regulatory requirements of its domiciliary state, which limit by reference to statutory net income and net worth, the dividends that can be paid without prior regulatory approval. Dividends paid by Dental Care Plus cannot, without prior approval of the Ohio Department of Insurance, exceed in any one year the lesser of: (i) 10% of net worth (as of the preceding December 31), or (ii) net income for the prior year, and only if net worth exceeds $250,000 and only out of unassigned surplus. There were no dividends declared or paid by Dental Care Plus in 2016, 2015 or 2014. During 2017, the total dividend that the Dental Care Plus subsidiary may declare without prior regulatory approval is approximately $1,227,000.

GAAP differs in certain respects from the accounting practices prescribed or permitted by state insurance regulatory authorities (“statutory-basis”), a non-GAAP basis of accounting. The statutory-basis net income for Dental Care Plus was approximately $1,653,000, $710,000, and $1,156,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Statutory-basis equity was approximately $12,271,000, and $10,454,000 at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

20.

QUARTERLY DATA (UNAUDITED)

A summary of our unaudited quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows (amounts in thousands):

	2016
	March 31		June 30		September 30		December 31		Total
Premium revenue	$	26,562	$	26,112	$	26,734	$	26,186	$	105,594
Gross profit		5,515		6,317		6,422		6,840		25,094
Income before income taxes		497		696		1,157		1,003		3,353

	2015
	March 31		June 30		September 30		December 31		Total
Premium revenue	$	24,201	$	24,263	$	25,261	$	24,536	$	98,261
Gross profit		4,881		5,120		5,597		5,979		21,577
Income before income taxes		333		150		632		641		1,756

21.

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On February 8, 2017, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a $42.50 per share dividend for all holders of Class A, Class B and Class C redeemable common shares of record on March 1, 2017, payable on March 24, 2017. With the dividend, the holders of restricted share units will receive an equivalent share based dividend.

ITEM 9.

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Securities and Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of December 31, 2016. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer also have concluded that in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, there were no changes in the Company’s internal controls that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). In evaluating the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, management has adopted the framework inInternal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016. Based on our evaluation under the framework inInternal Control-Integrated Framework, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. However, because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

ITEM 9B.

OTHER INFORMATION

None.

PART III

ITEM 10.

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information required by this Item 10 regarding our directors and corporate governance is incorporated by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement in connection with its 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders at which directors will be elected (if filed on or before April 28, 2017) in the sections and subsections entitled, “Election of Directors”, “Director Nominees”, “Audit Committee”, “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance”, “Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors”, “Corporate Affairs Committee”, “Director Nomination Process” and “Code of Conduct”, or this Form 10-K will be amended on or prior to April 28, 2017 to include such information. The information required by Item 10 regarding our executive officers appears as a Supplement Item at the end of Item 1 under Part I hereof.

ITEM 11.

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information required by this Item 11 is incorporated by reference to the information under the sections and subsections “Executive Compensation”, “Corporate Affairs Committee” and “Report of the Corporate Affairs Committee” to be contained in the Company’s Proxy Statement in connection with its its 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders at which directors will be elected (if filed on or before April 28, 2017).

ITEM 12.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

The information required by this Item 12 (other than the information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K which is set forth below) is incorporated by reference to the information under the section “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” to be contained in the Company’s Proxy Statement in connection with its 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders at which directors will be elected (if filed on or before April 28, 2017.)

In December 2005, we adopted the 2006 Dental Care Plus Management Equity Incentive Plan for our directors, Named Executive Officers and other key employees. The maximum aggregate number of restricted shares or restricted share units (“RSUs”) which may be issued under this plan are 15,000 Class B Common Shares. In 2016, the non-employee members of the Board were granted a total of 228 RSUs. In 2016, Named Executive Officers and other key employees were granted 89 restricted share units.

In 2016, Company directors and certain key employees can elect to defer portions of their director fees and employee compensations. These individuals can request to invest in phantom shares of the Company and in 2016 they awarded 20 phantom shares.

As of December 31, 2016, the Company granted a total of 4,543 RSUs, net of share based dividends, forfeitures and rescinded RSUs.

Plan category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans
Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders		—		—		—
Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders		—		—		10,457
TOTAL		—		—		10,457

ITEM 13.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item 13 is incorporated by reference to the information under the Section “Transactions with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons” and the subsection “Director Independence” to be contained in the Company’s Proxy Statement in connection with its 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders at which directors wil be elected (if filed on or before April 28, 2017).

ITEM 14.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item 14 relating to auditor fees is incorporated by reference to the information under the Section “Other Matters” to be contained in the Company’s Proxy Statement in connection with its 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders at which directors will be elected (if filed on or before April 28, 2017).

PART IV

ITEM 15.

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K.
Page in Form 10-K
(1) Consolidated Financial Statements:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	33
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2016 and 2015	34
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014	35
Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Shares and Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014	36
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014	37
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	38


(2) Financial Statement Schedules:

Schedule I- Summary of Investments - Other than Investments in Related Parties as of December 31, 2016	58
Schedule II-Condensed Balance Sheets of Parent Company as of December 31, 2016 and 2015	59
Schedule II-Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income of Parent Company for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014	60
Schedule II-Condensed Statements of Cash Flows of the Parent Company for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014	61
Schedule II-Notes to Condensed Financial Statements	62
Schedule III-Supplementary Insurance Information for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014	63
Schedule IV-Reinsurance for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014	64
Schedule V-Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014	64


(3) Exhibits:

See the List of Exhibits on the Index to Exhibits following the signature page.

(b) The exhibits listed on the Index to Exhibits are filed as part of or incorporated by reference into this report.

DCP Holding Company and subsidiaries

Schedule I - Summary of Investments -

Other than Investments in Related Parties

At December 31, 2016

(amounts in thousands)

Type of Investment	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Balance Sheet

Fixed Maturities:
Bonds:
All other corporate bonds	$	8,025	$	8,020	$	8,020

Certificates of deposit		1,090		1,095		1,095

Total Fixed Maturities	$	9,115	$	9,115	$	9,115

Other short-term investments:
Money Market Fund	$	223	$	223	$	223

Total Investments	$	9,338	$	9,338	$	9,338

DCP HOLDING COMPANY (Parent Only)

Schedule II - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant

Condensed Balance Sheets

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015

	2016		2015
ASSETS


INVESTMENTS:
Fixed maturities	$	1,454,893	$	1,374,412
Short-term investments				41,747

Total investments		1,454,893		1,416,159

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		2,282,239		3,036,037

ACCRUED INVESTMENT INCOME		14,273		15,927

INTERCOMPANY RECEIVABLES		279,567		272,089

INTERCOMPANY NOTE RECEIVABLE		230,000		230,000

PROPERTY		1,647,158		1,754,962

INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES		13,294,165		11,054,315

DEFERRED INCOME TAX		1,592,103		1,313,396

OTHER ASSETS		1,167,343		976,139

TOTAL ASSETS	$	21,961,741	$	20,069,024

LIABILITIES, REEDEMABLE SHARES, AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

OTHER PAYABLES AND ACCRUALS	$	2,470,373	$	2,044,886

MORTGAGE LOAN PAYABLE		1,148,000		1,198,400

DEFERRED COMPENSATION		4,051,078		3,287,065

TOTAL LIABILITIES		7,669,451		6,530,351

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

REDEEMABLE SHARES:
Class A, Redeemable Common Shares, no par value—authorized, 7,500 shares; issued and outstanding, 506 and 516 shares at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively		561,439		522,045
Class B Redeemable Common Shares, no par value—authorized, 120,000 shares; issued and outstanding, 8,604 and 8,142 shares at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively		9,546,686		8,237,390
Class C Redeemable Common Shares, no par value—authorized, 80,000 shares; issued and outstanding, 3,771 and 2,005 shares at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively		4,184,165		2,028,490
Class D Redeemable Common Shares, no par value—authorized, 100,000 shares; issued none
Institutional Preferred Shares-2010 Series, no par value, cumulative 5% dividend—authorized, 300 shares; issued and outstanding, zero shares at December 31, 2016 and 300 shares at December 31, 2015, respectively				420,515
Institutional Preferred Shares-2012 Series, no par value, cumulative 5% dividend—authorized, 1,000 shares; issued and outstanding, zero shares at December 31, 2016 and 1,000 shares at December 31, 2015, respectively				1,213,791
Institutional Preferred Shares-2013 Series, no par value, cumulative 5% dividend—authorized, 1,000 shares; issued and outstanding, zero shares at December 31, 2016 and 1,000 shares at December 31, 2015, respectively				1,116,442
Provider Preferred-2009 Series Redeemable Preferred Shares, no par value, cumulative 5% dividend—authorized, 5,000 shares; issued none

Total redeemable preferred and common shares		14,292,290		13,538,673

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY—Preferred Shares; no par value—authorized, 92,700 shares; issued, none

TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE SHARES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	21,961,741	$	20,069,024

This condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in Part II, Item 8, Page 33 and the notes to the Condensed Financial Statements.

DCP HOLDING COMPANY (Parent Only)

Schedule II - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant

Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the Years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014

	2016			2015			2014

REVENUES
Management fees from subsidiaries	$	13,358,327		$	12,156,360		$	11,486,781
Investment income		61,486			58,814			33,528
Realized gains (losses) on investments, net		771			(85,104	)
Administrative fees		939,849			881,507			798,900
Total revenues		14,360,433			13,011,577			12,319,209

EXPENSES
Insurance expense:
Salaries and benefit expense		9,151,483			7,886,437			7,356,679
Other insurance expense		5,161,794			4,962,068			4,470,223
Total expenses		14,313,277			12,848,505			11,826,902


INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX		47,156			163,072			492,307

PROVISION (BENEFIT) FOR INCOME TAX:
Current		347,948			323,078			428,152
Deferred		(310,054	)		(244,242	)		(246,426	)

Total		37,894			78,836			181,726

Income before undistributed income of subsidiaries		9,262			84,236			310,581

Undistributed income of subsidiaries		1,979,909			873,849			1,030,592

NET INCOME	$	1,989,171		$	958,085		$	1,341,173

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX
Change in the fair value of investments		9,491			(71,531	)		74,832
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in undistributed income		(49,551	)		(17,278	)		(19,596	)
Total other comprehensive income held by subsidaries		(40,060	)		(88,809	)		55,236

Change in the fair value of interest rate swap		7,471			(8,687	)		(8,889	)
Change in the fair value of investments		23,882			(92,966	)		33,504
Reclassification adjustment for losses		30,118			56,169

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	2,010,582		$	823,792		$	1,421,024

DCP HOLDING COMPANY (Parent Only)

Schedule II - Condensed Financial Information of Registrant

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

For the Years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014

	2016			2015			2014

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	1,989,172		$	958,085		$	1,341,173
Adjustments to reconcile net incometo net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		108,917			107,521			116,194
Realized (gains) losses on investments,net		(771	)		85,104
Undistributed income of subsidiaries		(1,979,910	)		(873,849	)		(1,030,592	)
Deferred income taxes benefit		(310,054	)		(244,242	)		(246,426	)
Deferred compensation		994,708			747,825			959,380
Effects of changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accrued investment income		1,654			(4,762	)		(6,816	)
Intercompany accounts receivables		(7,478	)		299,916			(198,176	)
Other assets		(143,868	)		(183,671	)		(89,141	)
Other payables and accruals		495,981			(112,467	)		56,994

Net cash provided by operating activities		1,148,351			779,460			902,590

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of investments		(834,738	)		(1,188,956	)		(822,222	)
Sale and maturities of investments		829,806			559,715			794,972
Acquisition of property and equipment					(10,174	)		(61,250	)
Investment in subsidiary		(500,000	)
Subsidiary dividends		200,000						150,000
Investment, other					(2,000	)		(5,000	)

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(304,932	)		(641,415	)		56,500

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Mortgage loan repayments		(50,400	)		(49,200	)		(46,800	)
Repurchase of redeemable common shares		(275,773	)		(223,176	)		(361,721	)
Repurchase of redeemable preferred shares		(2,805,064	)
Redeemable shares issued		2,280,066			1,932,356			330,535
Extinguishment cost of redeemable preferred shares		(118,800	)
Issuance cost of redeemable shares		(116,833	)		(112,419	)
Dividends paid		(510,413	)		(481,089	)		(425,327	)

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(1,597,217	)		1,066,472			(503,313	)

(DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH		(753,798	)		1,204,517			455,777

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—Beginning of year		3,036,037			1,831,520			1,375,743

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—End of year	$	2,282,239		$	3,036,037		$	1,831,520

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for interest	$	46,500		$	48,300		$	47,000

NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Redeemed common shares (in other payables and accruals)	$	25,443		$	84,618		$	82,518
Redeemed common shares issued in lieu of cash payment of deferred compensation		230,695			227,209			255,714
Deferred restricted shares units issued in lieu of cash dividend		101,840			64,564			40,712

This condensed financial information should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in Part II, Item 8, Page 34 and the notes to the Condensed Financial Statements.

SCHEDULE II - PARENT COMPANY FINANCIAL INFORMATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.	BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Parent company financial information has been derived from our consolidated financial statements and excludes the accounts of all operating subsidiaries. This information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements.

Parent company maintains its investment in all subsidiaries on the equity method. The investment in subsidiary is adjusted for the changes in other comprehensive income from the subsidiaries.

2.	TRANSACTIONS WITH SUBSIDIARIES

Management Fee

Through intercompany service agreements approved, if required, by state regulatory agencies, our parent company charges a management fee for reimbursement of certain centralized services provided to its subsidiaries including information systems, investment and cash administration, marketing, legal, finance, executive management oversight and other operating expenses.

Salaries and benefit expense

Salary and benefit expense includes dental benefit expense of approximately $134,000, $119,000, and $107,000, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. These amounts eliminate in consolidation.

Investments in subsidiaries and dividends

In 2016, the parent company received a dividend from the Adenta, Inc. subsidiary in the amount of $200,000. There were no dividends declared or paid to the parent company in 2015. In 2014, the parent company received a dividend from the Adenta, Inc. subsidiary in the amount of $150,000.

In 2016, the parent company advanced $500,000 into Dental Care Plus, Inc. There were no investment in subsidiaries in 2015 and 2014.

Federal Income Tax Arrangement

The parent company has an income tax allocation arrangement with its subsidiaries. DCP makes federal tax payments on behalf of the Company. DCP paid approximately $1,429,000, $963,000, and $1,270,000, for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014. The Company’s policy is to settle this intercompany receivable within 30 days of the filing of its consolidated income tax return.

There were no additional investment in subsidiaries in 2016 and 2015.

Reconciliation of Investment in Subsidiaries
	2016			2015

Investment in Subsidiaries—January 1	$	11,054,315		$	10,269,275

Undistributed income of subsidiaries		1,979,910			873,849
Total other comprehensive income held by subsidiaries		(40,060	)		(88,809	)
Dividends from subsidiaries		(200,000	)
Investment in subsidiaries		500,000

Increase in Investment in Subsidiary		2,239,850			785,040

Investment in Subsidiaries—December 31	$	13,294,165		$	11,054,315

DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Schedule III - Supplementary Insurance Information

For each of the Three Years in the Period ended December 31, 2016

(amounts in thousands)

	2016		2015		2014
Deferred policy acquisition cost (a)	$	3,109	$	2,013	$	2,050

Claims payable (a)	$	3,744	$	3,253	$	2,998

Unearned premium (a)	$	46,955	$	32,631	$	32,637

Other policy claims and benefits payable (a)	$	4,299	$	3,271	$	3,229

Premium revenues
Fully-insured dental HMO/ Indemnity	$	53,393	$	49,458	$	47,948
Fully-insured dental PPO		22,363		19,198		16,459
Self-insured dental		29,067		28,922		26,905
Corporate, All Other		771		683		624
	$	105,594	$	98,261	$	91,936

Investment income (a)	$	274	$	252	$	222

Future policy benefits, losses, claims and expense losses
Fully-insured dental HMO/ Indemnity	$	39,995	$	37,346	$	35,995
Fully-insured dental PPO		15,391		14,384		12,661
Self-insured dental		25,114		24,954		23,040
	$	80,500	$	76,684	$	71,696

Amortization of deferred policy acquisition cost (a)	$	4,780	$	4,396	$	4,129

Other operating expense (a)	$	17,363	$	15,680	$	14,196

Premium written
Fully-insured dental (a)	$	90,488	$	68,057	$	62,151

(a) The Company does not allocate insurance expense, investment and other income, or other assets or liabilities to identified segments.

DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Schedule IV- Reinsurance

For each of the Three Years in the Period ended December 31, 2016

(amounts in thousands)

	2016		2015		2014

Gross earned premium amounts
Fully-insured dental HMO/Indemnity	$	53,393	$	49,458	$	47,948
Fully-insured dental PPO		22,363		19,198		16,459
Self-insured dental		29,067		28,922		26,905
Corporate, All Other		771		683		624
	$	105,594	$	98,261	$	91,936

Assumed amounts from other companies	$		$		$

Net earned premium amounts
Fully-insured dental HMO/Indemnity	$	53,393	$	49,458	$	47,948
Fully-insured dental PPO		22,363		19,198		16,459
Self-insured dental		29,067		28,922		26,905
Corporate, All Other		771		683		624
	$	105,594	$	98,261	$	91,936

DCP HOLDING COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Schedule V - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

For the Years Ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014

Description	Balance at beginning of period		Charged to costs and expenses		Deductions		Balance at end of period

Year ended December 31, 2016:
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts Receivable	$	14,715		99,084		72,707	$	41,092
Year ended December 31, 2015:
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts Receivable	$	13,488		72,482		71,255	$	14,715
Year ended December 31, 2014:
Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts Receivable	$	7,686		37,225		31,423	$	13,488

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		DCP Holding Company


March 24, 2017		/s/ Robert C. Hodgkins, Jr.
		Robert C. Hodgkins, Jr.
		Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

March 24, 2017		/s/ Anthony A. Cook
		Anthony A. Cook
		President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated.

March 24, 2017		/s/ Stephen T. Schuler
		Stephen T. Schuler
		Chairman of the Board of Directors

March 24, 2017		/s/ Robert E. Hamilton
		Robert E. Hamilton
		Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors

March 24, 2017		/s/ David A. Kreyling
		David A. Kreyling
		Secretary

March 24, 2017		/s/ Michael J. Carl
		Michael Carl
		Treasurer

March 24, 2017		/s/ Fred H. Peck
		Fred H. Peck
		Assistant Treasurer

March 24, 2017		/s/ Jack M. Cook
		Jack M. Cook
		Director

March 24, 2017		/s/ Donald J. Peak
		Donald J. Peak
		Director

March 24, 2017		/s/ James E. Kroeger
		James E. Kroeger
		Director

March 24, 2017		/s/ Molly Meakin-Rogers
		Molly Meakin-Rogers
		Director

March 24, 2017		/s/ James T. Foley
		James Foley
		Director

March 24, 2017		/s/ Mark E. Bronson
		Mark E. Bronson
		Director

March 24, 2017		/s/ Ronald Poulos
		Ronald Poulos
		Director

INDEX TO EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT NUMBER		DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT
3.1		Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K current report filed on May 28, 2009)
3.2		Amended and Restated Code of Regulations (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Form 10 registration statement filed on May 1, 2006)
3.3		Amendment to the Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation dated July 17, 2010, (incorporated by reference to exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010)
3.4		Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of DCP Holding Company effective January 3, 2012 (incorporated by reference to exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K current report filed on January 6, 2012)
3.5		Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of DCP Holding Company effective January 9, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K current report filed on January 16, 2013)
3.6		Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of DCP Holding Company effective January 9, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to the Company’s Form 8-K current report filed on January 15, 2014)
3.7		Second Amended and Restated Code of Regulations (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(b) to the Company’s current report filed on January 15, 2014).
10.1		Eleventh Amended and Restated DCP Holding Company Employment Agreement with Anthony A. Cook effective January 1, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 and 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K current report filed on June 3, 2016)*
10.2		Dental Care Plus, Inc. and DCP Holding Company Deferred Compensation Plan, amended and restated (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 10-K Annual Report filed on March 25, 2008)*
10.3		2006 Dental Care Plus Management Equity Incentive Plan, amended and restated (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 10-K Annual Report filed on March 25, 2008)*
10.4		2006 Dental Care Plus Management Equity Incentive Plan, amended and restated Effective January 1, 2014 (incorporate by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on May 20, 2014)*
10.5		Restricted Share Unit (RSU) Agreement between DCP Holding Company and Robert C. Hodgkins, Jr. and RSU Award to Robert C. Hodgkins, Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K current report filed on April 6, 2012)*
10.6		Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K current report filed on July 21, 2010)
10.7		Preferred Shares Purchase Agreement between DCP Holding Company and Cincinnati Financial Corporation dated as of January 4, 2012 (incorporated by reference to exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K current report filed January 6, 2012)
10.8		Preferred Shares Purchase Agreement between DCP Holding Company and Cincinnati Financial Corporation dated as of January 11, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K current report filed January 16, 2013)
10.9		Restricted Shares Unit (RSU) Agreement between DCP Holding Company and Robert C. Hodgkins, Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K current report fled June 18, 2013)*.
10.10		Long Term Incentive Compensation Agreement between DCP Holding Company and Robert C. Hodgkins, Jr. effective January 1, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K current report filed on May 19, 2015)*
10.11		Long Term Incentive Compensation Agreement between DCP Holding Company and Robert C. Hodgkins Jr. effective January 1, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K current report filed on June 3, 2016)*
10.12		Employment Agreement entered into effective January 1, 2016 between DCP Holding Company and Robert C. Hodgkins Jr. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K current report filed July 22, 2016)*
14.1		Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to the Company’s Form 10-K Annual Report filed on March 30, 2007)
21.1		List of Subsidiaries. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Company’s Form 10 registration statement filed on May 1, 2006)
31.1		Chief Executive Officer certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith
31.2 32.1 101		Chief Financial Officer certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, filed herewith Financial information and Notes to Financial Statements for the year-ended December 31, 2016 formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language)

*		Reflects management contracts or compensation plan arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 15(b) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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DCP Holding Inactive 10-K2016 FY Annual report

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