Leaf 10-Q 2020 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                    to                    

Commission file number 001-35048

LEAF GROUP LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	20-4731239
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1655 26th Street Santa Monica, CA	90404
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(310) 656-6253

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value	LEAF	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

As of October 26, 2020, there were 27,390,064 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.0001 par value, outstanding.

LEAF GROUP LTD.

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q

			Page
Part I	Financial Information
	Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	2
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	3
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	4
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
		Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	43
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	44
Part II	Other Information
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	45
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	45
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	48
	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	48
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	49
	Item 5.	Other Information	49
	Item 6.	Exhibits	49
		Signatures	51

Part I.       FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.      CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Leaf Group Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	September 30,			December 31,
	2020			2019
Assets
Current assets			���
Cash and cash equivalents	$	33,038		$	18,106
Accounts receivable, net		13,297			14,402
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,701			2,555
Total current assets		50,036			35,063
Property and equipment, net		14,333			13,797
Operating lease right-of-use assets		10,726			12,645
Intangible assets, net		11,312			12,589
Goodwill		19,244			19,465
Other assets		1,275			1,044
Total assets	$	106,926		$	94,603
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	9,627		$	7,825
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		24,462			21,291
Deferred revenue		5,308			2,464
Debt, current		8,407			4,000
Total current liabilities		47,804			35,580
Deferred tax liability		86			63
Operating lease liabilities		8,561			10,863
Debt, non-current		2,979			—
Other liabilities		182			287
Total liabilities		59,612			46,793
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value. Authorized 100,000 shares; 28,991 and 27,336 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and 27,938 and 26,283 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019		3			3
Additional paid-in capital		568,062			562,332
Treasury stock at cost, 1,655 shares at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019		(35,706)			(35,706)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(59)			(20)
Accumulated deficit		(484,986)			(478,799)
Total stockholders’ equity		47,314			47,810
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	106,926		$	94,603

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Leaf Group Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenue:
Product revenue	$	45,135	$	19,611	$	97,439	$	53,021
Service revenue		18,120		20,419		49,649		56,836
Total revenue		63,255		40,030		147,088		109,857
Operating expenses:
Product costs (exclusive of amortization of intangible assets shown separately below)		33,753		14,221		72,752		40,049
Service costs (exclusive of amortization of intangible assets shown separately below)		8,468		9,107		25,270		26,000
Sales and marketing		9,594		7,372		24,699		22,498
Product development		4,967		4,973		14,728		15,652
General and administrative		7,691		8,072		22,948		24,724
Amortization of intangible assets		518		807		1,922		2,619
Total operating expenses		64,991		44,552		162,319		131,542
Loss from operations		(1,736)		(4,522)		(15,231)		(21,685)
Interest income		1		44		27		232
Interest (expense)		(103)		(5)		(292)		(15)
Other income, net		5,537		(6)		9,384		6
Income (loss) before income taxes		3,699		(4,489)		(6,112)		(21,462)
Income tax benefit (expense)		(13)		4		(75)		(71)
Net income (loss)	$	3,686	$	(4,485)	$	(6,187)	$	(21,533)
Net income (loss) per share—basic and diluted
Basic	$	0.14	$	(0.17)	$	(0.23)	$	(0.83)
Diluted	$	0.13	$	(0.17)	$	(0.23)	$	(0.83)
Weighted average number of shares—basic and diluted
Basic		27,016		26,089		26,720		25,868
Diluted		27,954		26,089		26,720		25,868

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Leaf Group Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income (loss)	$	3,686	$	(4,485)	$	(6,187)	$	(21,533)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment		28		(40)		(39)		(37)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	3,714	$	(4,525)	$	(6,226)	$	(21,570)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Leaf Group Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Nine months ended September 30, 2020
								Accumulated
				Additional				other
				paid-in				comprehensive				Total
	Common stock			capital		Treasury		income		Accumulated		stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		amount		stock		(loss)		deficit		equity
Balance at December 31, 2019	26,283	$	3	$	562,332	$	(35,706)	$	(20)	$	(478,799)	$	47,810
Issuance of stock under employee stock awards and other, net	320		—		6		—		—		—		6
Tax withholdings related to vesting of share-based payments	—		—		(556)		—		—		—		(556)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		2,833		—		—		—		2,833
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		(62)		—		(62)
Net loss	—		—		—		—		—		(10,676)		(10,676)
Balance at March 31, 2020	26,603	$	3	$	564,615	$	(35,706)	$	(82)	$	(489,475)	$	39,355
Issuance of stock under employee stock awards and other, net	212		—		22		—		—		—		22
Tax withholdings related to vesting of share-based payments	—		—		(191)		—		—		—		(191)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		2,680		—		—		—		2,680
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		(5)		—		(5)
Net income	—		—		—		—		—		803		803
Balance at June 30, 2020	26,815	$	3	$	567,126	$	(35,706)	$	(87)	$	(488,672)	$	42,664
Issuance of stock under employee stock awards and other, net	521		—		14		—		—		—		14
Tax withholdings related to vesting of share-based payments	—		—		(1,321)		—		—		—		(1,321)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		2,243		—		—		—		2,243
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		28		—		28
Net income	—		—		—		—		—		3,686		3,686
Balance at September 30, 2020	27,336	$	3	$	568,062	$	(35,706)	$	(59)	$	(484,986)	$	47,314

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	Nine months ended September 30, 2019
								Accumulated
				Additional				other
				paid-in				comprehensive				Total
	Common stock			capital		Treasury		income		Accumulated		stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		amount		stock		(loss)		deficit		equity
Balance at December 31, 2018	25,483	$	3	$	554,403	$	(35,706)	$	(52)	$	(451,961)	$	66,687
Issuance of stock under employee stock awards and other, net	319		—		270		—		—		—		270
Tax withholdings related to vesting of share-based payments	—		—		(1,322)		—		—		—		(1,322)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		2,045		—		—		—		2,045
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		27		—		27
Net loss	—		—		—		—		—		(10,286)		(10,286)
Balance at March 31, 2019	25,802	$	3	$	555,396	$	(35,706)	$	(25)	$	(462,247)	$	57,421
Issuance of stock under employee stock awards and other, net	187		—		175		—		—		—		175
Tax withholdings related to vesting of share-based payments	—		—		(717)		—		—		—		(717)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		2,331		—		—		—		2,331
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		(24)		—		(24)
Net loss	—		—		—		—		—		(6,762)		(6,762)
Balance at June 30, 2019	25,989	$	3	$	557,185	$	(35,706)	$	(49)	$	(469,009)	$	52,424
Issuance of stock under employee stock awards and other, net	161		—		281		—		—		—		281
Tax withholdings related to vesting of share-based payments	—		—		(364)		—		—		—		(364)
Stock-based compensation expense	—		—		2,562		—		—		—		2,562
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—		—		—		(40)		—		(40)
Net loss	—		—		—		—		—		(4,485)		(4,485)
Balance at September 30, 2019	26,150	$	3	$	559,664	$	(35,706)	$	(89)	$	(473,494)	$	50,378

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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Leaf Group Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(6,187)	$	(21,533)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		7,273		7,740
Non-cash lease expense		2,073		1,386
Deferred income taxes		23		20
Stock-based compensation		7,262		6,590
Gain from sale of asset		(9,300)		—
Other		309		118
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions and disposals:
Accounts receivable, net		873		654
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(1,182)		845
Other long-term assets		32		109
Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities		(2,146)		(1,695)
Accounts payable		1,802		2,034
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		3,284		(5,607)
Deferred revenue		2,844		594
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		6,960		(8,745)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(5,255)		(5,167)
Purchases of intangible assets		(163)		—
Proceeds from sale of assets		9,500		—
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired		—		(1,900)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		4,082		(7,067)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from promissory note		7,144		—
Proceeds from exercises of stock options and purchases under ESPP		42		726
Taxes paid on net share settlements of restricted stock units		(2,068)		(2,403)
Cash paid for acquisition holdback		(36)		(625)
Cash paid for contingent consideration liability		(856)		(934)
Cash paid for debt issuance costs		(38)		—
Other		(54)		(75)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		4,134		(3,311)
Effect of foreign currency on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		20		(2)
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		15,196		(19,125)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		19,126		31,935
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	34,322	$	12,810
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents	$	33,038	$	11,790
Restricted cash included in other current assets		136		136
Restricted cash included in other long-term assets		1,148		884
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows	$	34,322	$	12,810

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Leaf Group Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Company Background and Overview

Leaf Group Ltd. (“Leaf Group” and, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company,” “our,” “we,” or “us”) is a Delaware corporation headquartered in Santa Monica, California. We are a diversified consumer internet company that builds enduring, creator-driven brands that reach passionate audiences in large and growing lifestyle categories, including fitness and wellness and home, art and design.

Prior to the third quarter of fiscal 2020, our 2 reportable segments, Marketplaces and Media, also represented our 2 reporting units for goodwill impairment testing. During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) realigned our operational structure into 3 reportable segments: Society6 Group, Saatchi Art Group, and Media Group. The reorganization consisted of separating our former Marketplaces segment into 2 separate segments, Society6 Group and Saatchi Art Group, with our Media segment remaining intact and renamed Media Group. The 3 reportable segments now represent our 3 reporting units, and also represent our 3 operating segments. We have recast all prior period amounts and segment information to conform to the way our CODM regularly reviews the segment performance.

Society6 Group

Through our Society6 Group segment, we operate leading art and design marketplaces where large communities of artists and designers can market and sell their original art and designs printed on a wide variety of products. Our made-to-order marketplaces, consisting of Society6.com (“Society6”) and our wholesale channel, Deny Designs (collectively, “Society6 Group”), provide artists and designers with an online commerce platform to feature and sell their original art and designs on an array of consumer products primarily in the home décor category.

Saatchi Art Group

Saatchi Art Group segment, inclusive of SaatchiArt.com (“Saatchi Art”) and its art fair event brand, The Other Art Fair, is a leading online art gallery where a global community of artists exhibit and sell their original artwork directly to consumers through a curated online gallery or in-person at art fairs hosted in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Saatchi Art’s online art gallery features a wide selection of original paintings, drawings, sculptures and photography.

Media Group

Our Media Group segment brands educate and entertain consumers across a wide variety of life topics, including the popular fitness and wellness and home and design verticals. In the fitness and wellness vertical, our leading brands include Well+Good and Livestrong.com, which aim to inspire people to lead healthier lives. In the home and design vertical, Hunker is our leading brand inspiring people to improve the space around them. These brands are the leaders in our catalog of over 60 other brands focused on specific categories or interests that we either own and operate or host and operate for our partners.

2. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2020, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and the condensed consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are unaudited and have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities during the normal course of business.

In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and include all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments,

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necessary for the fair statement of our statement of financial position as of September 30, 2020, our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 has been derived from our audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), for interim financial information and with the instructions from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. They do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Therefore, these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC.

We continue to closely monitor the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (the “Pandemic”), its spread and the resulting global implications and effects. To date, the Pandemic has been most challenging for our media business due to decreased marketing spending from affected customers, and for our The Other Art Fair business, as we have postponed or cancelled all 14 art fairs originally scheduled for 2020. While the overall economic climate attributable to the Pandemic had brought a reduction in revenues per visit as many advertisers were cancelling or delaying ad buys while assessing the likely impacts of the Pandemic on their businesses, in the third quarter of 2020, revenues per visit has recovered and increased as compared to the same period in 2019. At the same time, we have seen that the Pandemic has provided a boost to our Society6 Group and Saatchi Art Group businesses. As the Pandemic continues to spread in the United States and elsewhere, we cannot predict what ultimate impact the Pandemic will have on our operations, which depend on future developments, many of which are outside of our control, highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the duration of the Pandemic, new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the Pandemic, the time it takes for an effective treatment and/or vaccine for COVID-19 to become widely available, and the scope and duration of preventative and protective actions that federal, state and local governments or we may direct, all of which may result in an extended period of continued business impacts. Due to the economic climate attributable to the Pandemic, we may also experience slowed customer demand that could materially adversely impact our business, results of operations and overall financial performance in future periods.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Leaf Group and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Acquisitions are included in our condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of the acquisition. Our purchase accounting resulted in all assets and liabilities of acquired businesses being recorded at their estimated fair values on the acquisition dates. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include revenue, allowance for doubtful accounts, the assigned value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities in business combinations, useful lives and impairment of property and equipment, intangible assets, goodwill and other assets, the fair value of equity-based compensation awards, and deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates compared to historical experience and trends, which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of our assets and liabilities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. For public companies, these amendments are effective for the fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard.

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3. Revenue Recognition

Revenue

Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the estimated standalone selling price of the promised good or service. We allocate any arrangement fee or other incentive or promotional offers to each of the elements based on their relative selling prices.

We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expenses. We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts where we recognize revenue in the amount which we have the right to invoice for services performed. We do not capitalize costs incurred to fulfill a contract when the contract term is one year or less.

Our revenue is principally derived from the following products and services:

Product Revenue

For Society6 Group and Saatchi Art Group, we recognize product revenue from sales of products when we transfer control of promised goods to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods. In determining the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to, we take into account sales allowances, estimated returns based on historical experience and any incentive offers provided to customers to encourage purchases, including percentage discounts off current purchases, free shipping and other promotional offers. Because we are the principal in a transaction and obtain control of the goods before they are transferred to the customer, we record product revenue at the gross amount. Value-added taxes (“VAT”), sales tax and other taxes are not included in product revenue because we are a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting any such taxes.

Society6 Group

Product revenue includes e-commerce, wholesale, and shipping revenue.

Saatchi Art Group

Product revenue includes e-commerce and shipping revenue for limited and open edition prints.

Media Group

For Media Group, product revenue includes revenue from products sold on our online media properties.

Service Revenue

Society6 Group

Service revenue includes revenue generated through involvement in direct media campaigns.

Saatchi Art Group

Service revenue includes revenue from commissions we receive from facilitating the sale of original art by artists to customers through Saatchi Art. We also generate Saatchi Art Group service revenue from various sources relating to Saatchi Art’s The Other Art Fair, including commissions from the sale of original art, fees paid by artists for stands at fairs and through sponsorship opportunities with third-party brands and advertisers. We recognize fair-related service revenue upon completion of each fair. We recognize service revenue arising from the sale of original art net of amounts paid to the artist because we are not the principal in the transaction and we do not

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obtain control over the original art. Revenue is recognized when we transfer control of the promised service, which is after the original art has been delivered and the return period has expired. We provide incentive offers to Saatchi Art customers to encourage purchases, including percentage discounts off current purchases, free shipping and other promotional offers. VAT, sales tax and other taxes are not included in service revenue because we are a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting any such taxes.

Media Group

Advertising Revenue. We generate Media Group service revenue primarily from advertisements displayed on our online media properties and on certain webpages of our partners’ media properties that are hosted by our content services. Articles, videos and other forms of content generate advertising revenue from a diverse mix of advertising methods including display advertisements, where revenue is dependent upon the number of advertising impressions delivered; performance-based cost-per-click advertising, in which an advertiser pays only when a visitor clicks on an advertisement; sponsored content; or advertising links. Performance obligations pursuant to our advertising revenue arrangements typically include a minimum number of impressions or the satisfaction of other performance criteria. Revenue from performance-based arrangements is recognized as the related performance criteria are met. We assess whether performance criteria have been met based on a reconciliation of the performance criteria. The reconciliation of the performance criteria generally includes a comparison of third-party performance data to the contractual performance obligation and to internal or partner-performance data in circumstances where that data is available.

Where we enter into revenue-sharing arrangements with our partners, such as those relating to our advertiser network, we report revenue on a gross or net basis depending on whether we are considered the principal in the transaction. In addition, we consider which party controls the service, including which party is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the service. We also consider which party has the latitude to establish the sales prices to advertisers. When we are considered the principal, we report the underlying revenue on a gross basis in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, and record these revenue-sharing payments to our partners in service costs.

Content Sales and Licensing Revenue. We generate revenue from the sale or license of media content, including the creation and distribution of content for third-party brands and publishers. Revenue from the sale or perpetual license of media content is recognized when the control of content is transferred or when the right to use is transferred and the contractual performance obligations have been fulfilled. Revenue from the non-perpetual license of media content is recognized over the period of the license as the right to access content is delivered or when other related performance criteria are fulfilled. In circumstances where we distribute our content on third-party properties and the customer acts as the principal, we recognize revenue on a net basis.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by revenue source (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Product revenue
Society6 Group	$	43,618	$	19,101	$	93,970	$	51,280
Saatchi Art Group		1,517		510		3,468		1,741
Media Group		—		—		1		—
Total product revenue		45,135		19,611		97,439		53,021
Service revenue
Society6 Group		13		104		319		126
Saatchi Art Group		3,151		3,612		7,930		10,207
Media Group		14,956		16,703		41,400		46,503
Total service revenue		18,120		20,419		49,649		56,836
Total revenue	$	63,255	$	40,030	$	147,088	$	109,857

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consists of amounts received from or invoiced to customers in advance of our performance obligations being satisfied, including amounts that are refundable. Deferred revenue includes payments received from sales of our products on Society6 and

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Deny Designs prior to the transfer of control of such products to the customers; payments made for original art sold via Saatchi Art that are collected prior to the completion of the return period upon which our service is considered completed; and amounts billed to media customers prior to delivery of content; and sales of subscriptions for premium content or services not yet delivered. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized $2.2 million of revenues that were included in the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2019.

Our payment terms vary by the type and location of our customer and the products or services offered. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant. For certain products or services, we require payment before the products or services are delivered to the customer.

4. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Computers and other related equipment	$	11,877	$	11,333
Purchased and internally developed software		39,076		34,008
Furniture and fixtures		1,514		1,514
Leasehold improvements		6,795		6,795
Machinery and related equipment		782		569
		60,044		54,219
Less accumulated depreciation		(45,711)		(40,422)
Property and equipment, net	$	14,333	$	13,797

Depreciation and software amortization expense, which includes 0 losses on disposal of property and equipment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and less than $0.1 million for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, is shown by classification below (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Product costs	$	479	$	401	$	1,538	$	1,162
Service costs		1,116		951		3,265		2,831
Sales and marketing		10		7		29		20
Product development		15		12		42		35
General and administrative		142		184		477		1,073
Total depreciation	$	1,762	$	1,555	$	5,351	$	5,121

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5. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The following table presents the changes in our goodwill balance (in thousands):

	Society6 Group		Saatchi Art Group		Marketplaces		Media Group		Total
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	—	$	—	$	17,140	$	2,325	$	19,465
Foreign currency impact		—		—		(21)		—		(21)
Dispositions		—		—		—		(200)		(200)
Reallocation among new reporting units		14,757		2,362		(17,119)		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	14,757	$	2,362	$	—	$	2,125	$	19,244

As noted above in Note 1, we reorganized our segments in the third quarter of 2020, which resulted in dividing 1 of our reporting units, Marketplaces, into 2, Society6 Group and Saatchi Art Group. We evaluate our reporting units when changes in our operating structure occur, and reassign goodwill using a relative fair value allocation approach. As of the third quarter of 2020, we have 3 reporting units, Society6 Group, Saatchi Art Group, and Media Group.

Goodwill of $2.3 million was recorded under the Media Group reporting unit in connection with the acquisition of Well+Good in June 2018. We recorded a goodwill reduction in the Media Group reporting unit of $0.2 million in connection with the sale of content to Hearst Newspapers, a division of Hearst Communications, Inc. (“Hearst”) on April 24, 2020. Refer to Note 13 for additional information.

Intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2020
	Gross carrying		Accumulated		Net carrying
	amount		amortization		amount
Customer relationships	$	4,003	$	(3,548)	$	455
Artist relationships		12,225		(11,507)		718
Media content		86,164		(86,039)		125
Technology		6,204		(6,204)		—
Non-compete agreements		25		(25)		—
Trade names		18,912		(8,898)		10,014
	$	127,533	$	(116,221)	$	11,312

	December 31, 2019
	Gross carrying		Accumulated		Net carrying
	amount		amortization		amount
Customer relationships	$	4,003	$	(3,074)	$	929
Artist relationships		12,230		(11,336)		894
Media content		91,491		(91,333)		158
Technology		6,204		(6,156)		48
Non-compete agreements		25		(25)		—
Trade names		18,276		(7,716)		10,560
	$	132,229	$	(119,640)	$	12,589

Identifiable finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives commencing on the date that the asset is available for its intended use.

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Total amortization expense for the periods shown below includes (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Service costs	$	10	$	17	$	34	$	105
Sales and marketing		116		288		650		892
Product development		—		104		69		428
General and administrative		392		398		1,169		1,194
Total amortization	$	518	$	807	$	1,922	$	2,619

6. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Accrued payroll and related items	$	4,422	$	3,841
Artist payables		6,946		5,640
Accrued product costs		2,395		1,678
Operating lease liabilities		3,083		2,772
Contingent liabilities		—		1,087
Other		7,616		6,273
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	24,462	$	21,291

As part of the acquisition of Deny Designs in May 2017, contingent consideration of up to $3.6 million was payable to the seller annually in 3 equal installments on the first through third anniversary of the closing date. The contingent consideration was valued at $2.8 million as of the acquisition date based on time value, discount rate, and the estimated probability of achieving the contingent criteria related to the ongoing development of new products for sale, as specified in the purchase agreement. Such amounts are adjusted at each subsequent period based on probability of achievement until settlement of such liability. Adjustments to the liability are recorded to income or expense in our condensed consolidated statement of operations. The fair value adjustment to the liability for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was not material. The May 2018, May 2019, and May 2020 installments of the contingent consideration, net of post-closing working capital adjustments to the purchase price, were paid to the seller in the amounts of $1.1 million, $1.2 million, and $1.2 million, respectively. The final installment has been paid and 0 further liability remains as of September 30, 2020.

7. Debt

Current and non-current debt consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Current debt
Credit facility	$	4,000	$	4,000
PPP loan		4,366		—
Other		41		—
Total current debt		8,407		4,000
Non-current debt
PPP loan		2,778		—
Other		201		—
Total non-current debt		2,979		—
Total debt	$	11,386	$	4,000

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Credit Facility

On November 7, 2019, we entered into a credit facility. The loan and security agreement is a 364-day senior secured working capital revolving line of credit with Silicon Valley Bank (the “Lender”). Our credit facility is asset-based and provides for a maximum amount up to the lesser of (i) $10.0 million, or (ii) 80% of eligible accounts receivable, as described in the loan and security agreement. Any borrowed amounts outstanding under our credit facility bear interest at a floating rate equal to the greater of (i) WSJ Prime Rate plus 0.50%, or (ii) 5.0%. We must also pay an unused line fee of 0.20% per annum based on maximum commitments less outstanding balances on the line of credit, payable monthly in arrears. The agreement is secured by substantially all of our assets, including intellectual property.

The credit facility contains customary representations and warranties and customary reporting, affirmative and negative covenants, including, among other things, restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, mergers, acquisitions, dispositions, declarations of dividends and stock repurchases. In addition, we are required to maintain the required percentage (85%) of our global cash on account with the Lender (the “Required Percentage”), provided that such amount may fall below the Required Percentage for a period of time not to exceed 10 consecutive business days each calendar month (but in no event can the amount be less than 75% of our global cash). Furthermore, the credit facility contains customary events of default that include, among others, failure to pay principal, interest or fees when due, failure to comply with the other terms of the credit facility and related agreements, the occurrence of a material adverse change and certain insolvency-related events. The existence of an event of default would allow the Lender to terminate its lending commitments, demand repayment of its loans and otherwise exercise all rights and remedies of a secured creditor.

On June 1, 2020, we entered into the First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “First Amendment”) with the Lender. The First Amendment amends the original loan and security agreement to, among other things, extend the maturity date, add a financial covenant and modify the borrowing formula. The First Amendment extends the maturity date of any borrowings under our credit facility from November 5, 2020 to May 5, 2021. In addition, the First Amendment adds a liquidity maintenance ratio financial covenant (the “Liquidity Ratio”). The Liquidity Ratio is a ratio of (a) (i) unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by us in accounts at the Lender, plus (ii) an amount equal to the product of (A) our net trade accounts receivable, multiplied by (B) sixty percent (60%), to (b) (i) the outstanding principal balance of any borrowings under our credit facility, plus (ii) our accounts payable owing to artists selling works on our platforms (Society6 and Saatchi Art). We are required to maintain a Liquidity Ratio of at least 1.50 to 1.00. The First Amendment also provides for incremental borrowing flexibility for six months, with aggregate borrowing still capped at $10.0 million.

As of September 30, 2020, we had $4.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our credit facility at an interest rate of 5.25%. Our total borrowing capacity under the credit facility was $7.4 million as of September 30, 2020. We are in compliance with all restrictions and have met all debt payment obligations as of September 30, 2020.

Paycheck Protection Program Loan

On April 20, 2020, we entered into a Promissory Note (the “Promissory Note”) with Silicon Valley Bank and Silicon Valley Bank agreed to make available to us a loan in the amount of $7.1 million (the “PPP Loan”) under the Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program enabled by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act of 2020 (the “CARES Act”). We used the proceeds to support payroll costs, rent and utilities in accordance with the relevant terms and conditions of the CARES Act.

The advance under the PPP Loan bears interest at a rate per annum of 1.0%. The term of the PPP Loan is two years, ending April 20, 2022 (the “Maturity Date”). No payments are due on the PPP Loan until November 20, 2020, although interest of 1.0% per annum will accrue during the deferment period. Beginning November 20, 2020, we will pay equal monthly installments of principal and interest in the amount necessary to fully amortize the PPP Loan through the Maturity Date, less any amount of potential forgiveness. Under the terms of the CARES Act, all or a portion of the principal of the PPP Loan may be forgiven. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of the PPP Loan proceeds for payroll costs, mortgage interest payments, lease payments or utility payments. To obtain forgiveness, we would need to request forgiveness from Silicon Valley Bank, provide documentation in accordance with the SBA requirements and certify that the amounts we are requesting to be forgiven qualify under those requirements. We used the PPP Loan proceeds in a manner that would permit forgiveness of the PPP Loan and intend to seek forgiveness at the appropriate time, however, no assurance can be provided that we will obtain forgiveness of the PPP Loan in whole or in part. We may also prepay the principal of the PPP Loan at any time without incurring any prepayment penalty or premium.

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The Promissory Note also provides for customary events of default, including, among others, events of default relating to failure to make payments, bankruptcy, breaches of representations, and material adverse effects. Additionally, the Promissory Note is subject to the terms and conditions applicable to loans administered by the SBA under the CARES Act.

We did not provide any collateral or personal guarantees for the PPP Loan, nor did we pay any facility charge to the government or to Silicon Valley Bank. Additionally, Silicon Valley Bank consented to the PPP Loan as additional permitted indebtedness under our existing revolving credit facility.

As of September 30, 2020, we had $7.1 million of borrowings outstanding under the PPP Loan.

8. Leases

We adopted ASU 2016-02—Leases (Topic 842) as of January 1, 2019, using the new transition method issued under ASU 2018-11, which allows an entity to initially apply the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption and also allows an entity to elect not to recast its comparative periods in transition. In addition, we elected to use the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allowed us to carry forward the historical lease classification. We also elected to use the practical expedient related to short-term leases, allowing us to not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a lease term of 12 months or less. As of September 30, 2020, short-term leases were not material. As of September 30, 2020, finance leases were not material and are therefore not included in the following disclosures.

Operating lease expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $1.0 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Operating lease expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $2.9 million and $2.1 million, respectively.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	998	$	625	$	2,993	$	2,063

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

	September 30,			December 31,
	2020			2019
Operating leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	10,726	$	12,645
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		3,083		2,772
Operating lease liabilities		8,561		10,863
Total operating lease liabilities	$	11,644	$	13,635
Weighted average remaining lease term:
Operating leases		4 years		4 years
Weighted average discount rate:
Operating leases		9%		9%

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Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

	Operating
	Leases
2020	$	1,011
2021		3,949
2022		3,829
2023		3,496
2024		1,336
Thereafter		—
Total lease payments	$	13,621
Less imputed interest		1,977
Total operating lease liabilities	$	11,644

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

We conduct our operations utilizing leased office facilities in various locations under operating leases and, as of September 30, 2020, these leases have non-cancelable periods ending between February 2021 and July 2024. The lease for our Santa Monica office facility expires in July 2024.

Litigation

From time to time, we are a party to various legal matters incidental to the conduct of our business. Certain of our outstanding legal matters include speculative claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. We record a liability when we believe that it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Based on our current knowledge, we do not believe that there is a reasonable possibility that the final outcome of the pending or threatened legal proceedings to which we are a party, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our future financial results. However, the outcome of such legal matters is subject to significant uncertainties.

Taxes

From time to time, various federal, state and other jurisdictional tax authorities undertake reviews of the Company and its filings. In evaluating the exposure associated with various tax filing positions, we accrue charges for possible exposures. We believe any adjustments that may ultimately be required as a result of any of these reviews will not be material to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Indemnification

In the normal course of business, we have provided certain indemnities, commitments and guarantees under which we may be required to make payments in relation to certain transactions or contractual commitments. These indemnities include intellectual property indemnities to our customers and partners, indemnities to our directors and officers to the maximum extent permitted under the laws of the State of Delaware, indemnifications related to our lease agreements and indemnifications to sellers or buyers in connection with acquisitions and dispositions, respectively. In addition, our advertiser, content creation and distribution partner agreements contain certain indemnification provisions which are generally consistent with those prevalent in our industry. We have not incurred significant obligations under indemnification provisions historically, and do not expect to incur significant obligations in the future. Accordingly, we have not recorded any liability for these indemnities.

10. Income Taxes

Income tax expense was less than $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Our effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate primarily as a result of state taxes, foreign taxes, nondeductible stock option expenses and changes in our valuation allowance. If all or a portion of our net operating loss carryforwards are subject to limitation

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because it is determined that we had previously experienced an “ownership change” as defined in section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, our future cash flows could be adversely impacted due to increased tax liability.

We reduce our deferred tax assets resulting from future tax benefits by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of these deferred taxes will not be realized. The timing of the reversal of deferred tax liabilities associated with tax deductible goodwill is not certain and thus not available to assure the realization of a portion of the deferred tax assets. However, the reversal of deferred tax liabilities associated with tax deductible goodwill can be a source of taxable income to support the realization of a deductible temporary difference that is scheduled to reverse into net operating losses with an unlimited carryforward period. Except for the deferred tax liabilities resulting from tax deductible goodwill, we have deferred tax assets in excess of deferred tax liabilities before application of a valuation allowance for the periods presented. As we have insufficient history of generating income, the ultimate future realization of these excess deferred tax assets does not meet the more likely than not criteria and is thus subject to a valuation allowance. Accordingly, we have established a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets.

We are subject to the accounting guidance for uncertain income tax positions. We believe it is more likely than not that our income tax positions and deductions will be sustained on audit and do not anticipate any adjustments which could result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flow.

Our policy for recording interest and penalties associated with audits and uncertain tax positions is to record such items as a component of income tax expense, and 0 interest or penalties were recognized in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019. There are 0 material uncertain tax positions and 0 uncertain income tax positions were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019, and we do not expect our uncertain tax position to change materially during the next twelve months.

We file tax returns in the United States, at both the federal and state level, and in several foreign jurisdictions. Due to net operating loss carryforwards, our tax returns are open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service and state jurisdictions for all years since inception.

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11. Stock-based Compensation Plans and Awards

Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense related to all employee and non-employee stock-based awards recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations was as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Service costs	$	265	$	315	$	1,002	$	758
Sales and marketing		300		269		1,028		520
Product development		658		635		2,000		1,791
General and administrative		812		1,241		3,232		3,521
Total stock-based compensation	$	2,035	$	2,460	$	7,262	$	6,590

Award Activity

Stock Options

Stock option activity is as follows (in thousands):

	Number of
	options
	outstanding
Outstanding at December 31, 2019	1,810
Options exercised	(1)
Options forfeited or cancelled	(109)
Outstanding at September 30, 2020	1,700

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock unit activity is as follows (in thousands):

	Number of
	shares
Unvested at December 31, 2019	3,038
Granted	1,238
Vested	(1,612)
Forfeited	(271)
Unvested at September 30, 2020	2,393

12. Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Repurchases

Under our stock repurchase plan, as amended in February 2012, we are authorized to repurchase up to $50.0 million of our common stock from time to time. We have not initiated any repurchases of our common stock since December 2016 and are not currently making repurchases. As of September 30, 2020, approximately $14.3 million remained available under the repurchase plan, and we may continue to make stock repurchases from time to time in the future. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased will depend on various factors including price, corporate and regulatory requirements, alternative investment opportunities and other market conditions.

Shares repurchased by us are accounted for when the transaction is settled. As of September 30, 2020, there were 0 unsettled share repurchases. The par value of shares repurchased is deducted from common stock and any excess over par value is deducted from additional paid-in capital. Direct costs incurred to repurchase the shares are included in the total cost of the shares.

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13. Acquisitions and Dispositions

Acquisitions

OnlyInYourState

On February 1, 2019, pursuant to an Asset Purchase Agreement, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Only In Your State, LLC (“OnlyInYourState”), including its website that focuses on travel and local tourism for total consideration of $2.0 million in cash, of which $0.1 million was held back to secure post-closing indemnification obligations. In February 2020 we paid a total of $0.04 million to the sellers, net of $0.01 million related to post-closing indemnification obligations pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement.

We evaluated the acquisition of OnlyInYourState under ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations: Clarifying the Definition of a Business. Based on the results of the analysis performed, we determined that substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. As a result, we concluded that the acquisition of OnlyInYourState represents an asset acquisition and does not represent a business combination to be accounted for under ASC 805. The total purchase price of $2.0 million was allocated entirely to the trademark acquired, which has an estimated useful life of ten years.

The acquisition is included in our condensed consolidated financial statements as of the closing date of the acquisition, which was February 1, 2019. Acquisition-related transaction costs were not material.

Dispositions

Asset Sale to Hearst Newspapers

On April 24, 2020, we entered into an Asset Sale and Services Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Hearst, pursuant to which we sold a library of content carried on certain websites (the “Hearst Sites”) that had been hosted by us on behalf of Hearst (the “Hearst Content”) to Hearst for $9.5 million, of which $4.0 million was paid at signing. The balance of $5.5 million was paid on August 21, 2020, upon completion of the migration of the Hearst Content to servers controlled by Hearst. In addition, the Agreement contemplates that, for a three-year initial term, we will provide certain content and web services in connection with the management of the Hearst Content, for which we will be paid certain fees for the content and web services provided and a revenue share based on the net revenue from the Hearst Sites.

Of the $9.5 million received for the sale as of September 30, 2020, we recorded a $9.3 million gain to other income, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, net of a $0.2 million reduction of goodwill within the Media Group reporting unit. Disposition-related transaction costs were not material.

14. Business Segments

Prior to the third quarter of fiscal 2020, our 2 reportable segments, Marketplaces and Media, also represented our 2 reporting units for goodwill impairment testing. During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, our CODM realigned our operational structure into 3 reportable segments: Society6 Group, Saatchi Art Group, and Media Group. The reorganization consisted of separating our former Marketplaces segment into 2 separate segments, Society6 Group and Saatchi Art Group, with our Media segment remaining intact and renamed Media Group. The 3 reportable segments now represent our 3 reporting units, and also represent our 3 operating segments. We have recast all prior period amounts and segment information to conform to the way our CODM regularly reviews the segment performance.

Our Society6 Group segment consists of leading art and design marketplaces where large communities of artists can market and sell their original artwork or their original designs printed on a wide variety of products. Our Saatchi Art Group segment consists of a curated online art gallery, where a global community of artists exhibit and sell their original artwork directly to consumers and in-person at art fairs. Our Media Group segment consists of our leading owned and operated media properties that publish content, including videos, articles and other content formats, on various category-specific properties with distinct editorial voices, as well as other media properties focused on specific categories or interests that we either own and operate or host and operate for our partners.

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Our CODM uses revenue and operating contribution to evaluate the profitability of our operating segments; all other financial information is reviewed by the CODM on a consolidated basis. Segment operating contribution reflects earnings before corporate and unallocated expenses and also excludes: (a) depreciation expense; (b) amortization of intangible assets; (c) share-based compensation expense; (d) interest and other income (expense); (e) income taxes; and (f) contingent payments to certain key employees/equity holders of acquired businesses. Our CODM does not evaluate our operating segments using asset information. We do not aggregate our operating segments. The majority of our principal operations and assets are located in the United States.

The financial performance of our operating segments and reconciliation to consolidated operating loss is as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Segment Revenue:
Society6 Group	$	43,631	$	19,205	$	94,289	$	51,406
Saatchi Art Group		4,668		4,122		11,398		11,948
Media Group		14,956		16,703		41,401		46,503
Total revenue	$	63,255	$	40,030	$	147,088	$	109,857
Segment Operating Expenses:
Society6 Group(1)	$	39,862	$	18,080	$	87,013	$	51,524
Saatchi Art Group(1)		4,761		4,432		13,133		13,670
Media Group(1)		8,833		10,039		26,759		29,585
Add:
Strategic shared services and corporate overhead(2)(3)		7,220		7,179		20,879		22,343
Consolidated operating expenses	$	60,676	$	39,730	$	147,784	$	117,122
Segment Operating Contribution:
Society6 Group(4)	$	3,769	$	1,125	$	7,276	$	(118)
Saatchi Art Group(4)		(93)		(310)		(1,735)		(1,722)
Media Group(4)		6,123		6,664		14,642		16,918
Deduct:
Strategic shared services and corporate overhead(2)(3)		(7,220)		(7,179)		(20,879)		(22,343)
Acquisition, disposition and realignment costs(5)		—		—		—		—
Adjusted EBITDA(6)	$	2,579	$	300	$	(696)	$	(7,265)
Reconciliation to consolidated pre-tax income (loss):
Adjusted EBITDA(6)	$	2,579	$	300	$	(696)	$	(7,265)
Add (deduct):
Interest income (expense), net		(102)		39		(265)		217
Other income, net		5,537		(6)		9,384		6
Depreciation and amortization(7)		(2,280)		(2,362)		(7,273)		(7,740)
Stock-based compensation(8)		(2,035)		(2,460)		(7,262)		(6,590)
Acquisition, disposition, realignment and contingent payment costs(9)		—		—		—		(90)
Income (loss) before income taxes(10)	$	3,699	$	(4,489)	$	(6,112)	$	(21,462)

(1) Segment operating expenses reflects operating expenses that are directly attributable to the operating segment, not including corporate and unallocated expenses, and also excluding the following: (a) depreciation expense; (b) amortization of intangible assets; (c) share-based compensation expense; (d) interest and other income (expense); (e) income taxes; and (f) contingent payments to certain key employees/equity holders of acquired businesses.

(2) Strategic shared services include shared operating expenses that are not directly attributable to the operating segments, including: network operations center, marketing, business development, product development, creative, financial systems, quality assurance, software engineering, and information systems. Corporate overhead includes general and administrative support functions that are not directly attributable to the operating segments, including: executive, accounting, finance, human resources, legal, and facilities. Strategic shared services and corporate overhead excludes the following: (a) depreciation expense; (b) amortization of intangible assets; (c) share-based compensation expense; (d) interest and other income (expenses); and (e) income taxes.

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(3) Strategic shared services and corporate overhead includes $2.1 million and $2.0 million in strategic shared services costs for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $5.1 million and $5.2 million in corporate overhead for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Strategic shared services and corporate overhead include $6.0 million and $6.1 million in strategic shared services for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $14.9 million and $16.2 million in corporate overhead for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

(4) Segment operating contribution reflects segment revenue less segment operating expenses. Operating contribution has certain limitations in that it does not take into account the impact to the statement of operations of certain expenses and is not directly comparable to similar measures used by other companies.

(5) Represents such items, when applicable, as (a) legal, accounting and other professional service fees directly attributable to acquisition, disposition or corporate realignment activities, (b) employee severance, and (c) other payments attributable to acquisition, disposition or corporate realignment activities, excluding contingent payments to certain key employees/equity holders of acquired businesses.

(6) Adjusted EBITDA reflects net income (loss) excluding interest (income) expense, income tax expense (benefit), and certain other non-cash or non-recurring items impacting net income (loss) from time to time, principally comprised of depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, contingent payments to certain key employees/equity holders of acquired businesses and other payments attributable to acquisition, disposition or corporate realignment activities.

(7) Represents depreciation expense of our long-lived tangible assets and amortization expense of our finite-lived intangible assets, including amortization expense related to our investment in media content assets, included in our GAAP results of operations.

(8) Represents the expense related to stock-based awards granted to employees as included in our GAAP results of operations.

(9) Represents such items, when applicable, as (a) legal, accounting and other professional service fees directly attributable to acquisition, disposition or corporate realignment activities, (b) employee severance, (c) contingent payments to certain key employees/equity holders of acquired businesses and (d) other payments attributable to acquisition, disposition or corporate realignment activities.

(10) For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we had $1.5 million in cost savings, which included temporary salary cuts of our executive team and salaried direct workforce (whose salaries were reinstated effective with payroll paid on June 30, 2020) and compensation cuts and deferrals of compensation of our independent directors (whose cash retainer compensation was reinstated, effective July 1, 2020), neither of which is expected to reoccur.

Revenue by geographic region, as determined based on the location of our customers or anticipated destination of use, is as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Domestic	$	57,579	$	35,041	$	132,292	$	94,336
International		5,676		4,989		14,796		15,521
Total revenue	$	63,255	$	40,030	$	147,088	$	109,857

15. Fair Value

As of each of the periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we did not have any Level 1 financial assets measured at fair value. In May 2017, we recorded a contingent consideration liability as a result of the acquisition of Deny Designs for $2.8 million. The minimum and maximum amount payable for each of the three years is $0.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively, based upon satisfaction of the contingent criteria related to the ongoing development of new products for sale, as specified in the purchase agreement. Such amounts are adjusted at each subsequent period based on probability of achievement until settlement of such liability. Adjustments to the liability will be recorded to income or expense in our condensed statement of operations. The final installment has been paid and 0 further liability remains as of September 30, 2020. The fair value adjustment to the liability for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was not material. We classify our contingent consideration resulting from acquisitions within Level 3, as the valuation inputs are based on unobservable inputs. Of the $0.8 million held back as a result of the Well+Good acquisition, in May and June 2019 we paid a total of $0.6 million to the sellers, net of $0.2 million included as a working capital adjustment pursuant to the purchase agreement.

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16. Net Income (Loss) Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share of common stock (in thousands, except per share data):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income (loss)	$	3,686	$	(4,485)	$	(6,187)	$	(21,533)
Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic		27,016		26,089		26,720		25,868
Net income (loss) per share—basic	$	0.14	$	(0.17)	$	(0.23)	$	(0.83)
Weighted average common shares outstanding—diluted		27,954		26,089		26,720		25,868
Net income (loss) per share—diluted	$	0.13	$	(0.17)	$	(0.23)	$	(0.83)

For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we excluded 2.5 million and 5.0 million shares, respectively, from the calculation of diluted weighted average common shares outstanding, as their inclusion would have been antidilutive. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we excluded 4.1 million and 5.0 million shares, respectively, from the calculation of diluted weighted average common shares outstanding, as their inclusion would have been antidilutive.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019, had we reported net income, 0.1 million common shares would have been included in the number of shares used to calculate earnings per share. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, had we reported net income, 0.3 million and 0.4 million common shares would have been included in the number of shares used to calculate earnings per share, respectively.

Item 2.       MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

As used herein, “Leaf Group,” the “Company,” “our,” “we,” “us” and similar terms include Leaf Group Ltd. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

“Leaf Group” and other trademarks of ours appearing in this report, such as “Society6”, “Deny Designs”, “The Other Art Fair”, and “Well+Good” are our property. This report contains additional trade names and trademarks of other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names or trademarks to imply an endorsement or sponsorship of us or our business by such companies, or any relationship with any of these companies.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “2019 Annual Report”).

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy and plans and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “predict,” “plan” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements are so identified. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as guarantees of future performance. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current financial results and our current expectations and projections about future events, including those related to the COVID-19 pandemic; our ability to execute our business plan to return to compliance with the continued listing criteria of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”); and our ability to continue to comply with applicable listing standards within the available cure period; changes by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) or other governmental authorities regarding the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act of 2020, the SBA Paycheck Protection Program or related administrative matters and our ability to comply with the terms of the PPP Loan and the

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CARES Act, including to use the proceeds of the PPP Loan; and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as those discussed in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our 2019 Annual Report, which was filed with the SEC on March 16, 2020, and the factors described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part I. Item 1A of the 2019 Annual Report. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, except as required by law.

You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents that we reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and have filed with the SEC with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances may be materially different from what we currently expect.

Overview

Leaf Group is a diversified consumer internet company that builds enduring, creator-driven brands that reach passionate audiences in large and growing lifestyle categories, including fitness and wellness and home, art and design.

Prior to the third quarter of fiscal 2020, our two reportable segments, Marketplaces and Media, also represented our two reporting units for goodwill impairment testing. During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) realigned our operational structure into three reportable segments: Society6 Group, Saatchi Art Group, and Media Group. The reorganization consisted of separating our former Marketplaces segment into two separate segments, Society6 Group and Saatchi Art Group, with our Media segment remaining intact and renamed Media Group. The three reportable segments now represent our three reporting units, and also represent our three operating segments. We have recast all prior period amounts and segment information to conform to the way our CODM regularly reviews the segment performance.

Society6 Group

Through our Society6 Group segment, we operate leading art and design marketplaces where large communities of artists and designers can market and sell their original art and designs printed on a wide variety of products. Our made-to-order marketplaces, consisting of Society6.com (“Society6”) and our wholesale channel, Deny Designs (collectively, “Society6 Group”), provide artists and designers with an online commerce platform to feature and sell their original art and designs on an array of consumer products primarily in the home décor category. Society6 Group segment primarily generates revenue from the sale of made-to-order products.

Saatchi Art Group

Saatchi Art Group segment, inclusive of SaatchiArt.com (“Saatchi Art”) and its art fair event brand, The Other Art Fair, is a leading online art gallery where a global community of artists exhibit and sell their original artwork directly to consumers through a curated online gallery or in-person at art fairs hosted in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Saatchi Art’s online art gallery features a wide selection of original paintings, drawings, sculptures and photography. Saatchi Art Group segment primarily generates revenue through commissions on the final sale price of original works of art and from various sources relating to the hosting of in-person art fairs, including commissions from the sale of original art, fees paid by artists for stands and through sponsorship opportunities with third-party brands and advertisers.

Media Group

Our Media Group segment brands educate and entertain consumers across a wide variety of life topics, including the popular fitness and wellness and home and design verticals. In the fitness and wellness vertical, our leading brands include Well+Good and Livestrong.com, which aim to inspire people to lead healthier lives. In the home and design vertical, Hunker is our leading brand inspiring

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people to improve the space around them. These brands are the leaders in our catalog of over 60 other brands focused on specific categories or interests that we either own and operate or host and operate for our partners.

Our brands each develop a distinct voice and create content that connects with their consumers across a wide variety of platforms, devices and formats. In order to improve our engagement with consumers, we continually redesign and update our websites; refine our content library; evaluate and adjust ad unit density; and develop new ways of integrating the messages from our advertising partners. Our revenues are driven by growing the number of consumers and increasing the number of visits through improving the user and content experience, fostering genuine connections between our audience and their brands and providing engaging advertising or sponsorship opportunities to our partners.

Revenue

For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we reported revenue of $63.3 million and $40.0 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we reported revenue of $147.1 million and $109.9 million, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, Society6 Group revenue accounted for 69% and 48% of our total revenue, respectively, Saatchi Art Group revenue accounted for 7% and 10% of our total revenue, respectively, and Media Group revenue accounted for 24% and 42% of our total revenue, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, Society6 Group revenue accounted for 64% and 47% of our total revenue, respectively, Saatchi Art Group revenue accounted for 8% and 11% of our total revenue, respectively, and Media Group revenue accounted for 28% and 42% of our total revenue, respectively.

The revenue generated by our Society6 Group and Saatchi Art Group segments have higher costs associated with them as compared to our Media Group segment due to variable product costs, including outsourced product manufacturing costs, artist royalties, marketing costs, and shipping and handling costs.

Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Since mid-March we, together with companies across the globe, have been living with and responding to the rapidly changing health and economic conditions wrought by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic (the “Pandemic”). The Pandemic has presented both challenges and opportunities on virtually every aspect of our business as discussed in detail below.

● Impact on Portfolio of Businesses. Since our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the second quarter of 2020 (“Q2 2020 10-Q”), we have seen the following further developments related to the Pandemic:

o Society6 Group Segment. Society6 Group continues to be the beneficiary of the various shelter-at-home regulations promulgated by international, federal, state and local governments as people working from home are looking for creative, reasonably priced items to spruce up their environments. We also anticipate that the change in purchasing behavior occasioned by the Pandemic will have an enduring impact on e-commerce after shelter-at-home has lifted, and consumers will continue to choose e-commerce over shopping at brick-and-mortar stores.

o Saatchi Art Group Segment. The Pandemic and actions taken to mitigate its spread have continued to cause cancellations or postponements of the live art fairs run by The Other Art Fair. We have postponed or cancelled all 14 art fairs originally scheduled for 2020. In an effort to support artists and customers, on April 8, 2020, we launched Online Studios, our new online fair for those artists who were selected to participate in the postponed art fairs. Online Studios has helped mitigate the effects of the postponements and cancellations of the live art fairs. While our Saatchi Art business experienced a decline in the first quarter, which we believe was attributable to the Pandemic, in the second and third quarters, Saatchi Art has seen substantial increases in the number of transactions resulting in increased revenue, which partially offset the impact of the postponed and cancelled live art fairs. We cannot predict whether the economic uncertainty caused by the Pandemic will cause customers to be generally more conservative with discretionary spending on luxury items and whether that will affect our Saatchi Art Group business.

o Media Group Segment. The overall economic climate attributable to the Pandemic had initially brought a reduction in revenues per visit as many advertisers were cancelling or delaying ad buys while assessing the ongoing impacts of the Pandemic on their businesses. While we continue to believe that our Media Group segment will experience volatility given the uncertain economic times brought on by the Pandemic, we have seen recovery from the pullback in advertisers

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and improving trends in direct advertising sales and improvement in revenues per visit within the third quarter over the second quarter.

● Supply Chain. Society6 Group is the only business in our portfolio that is exposed to potential supply chain risk. Society6 Group relies on a variety of manufacturing facilities for the production of its goods and it sources its raw materials from a variety of third parties. In 2020, we have seen limited supply chain disruptions as our manufacturers have taken various actions to ensure that they can continue to produce our goods. We do not, however, know if our manufacturers will be able to continue to ensure the production of our goods. In the second quarter, we worked closely with our key vendors to ensure that they have staffing plans in place to meet our anticipated needs for the next six months and we have also taken steps aimed at ensuring redundancy. We have also increased staffing and added additional equipment at our own Deny Designs manufacturing facility in Colorado. While Society6 Group has, to date, experienced limited disruptions arising from the Pandemic related to the shipping of its products, it is possible that the incremental shipping burdens placed on shipping carriers for the holiday season could delay delivery of our products. In addition, shipping carriers have identified that their cut-off dates for ordering products to be delivered by Christmas Day may be earlier than previous holiday seasons, which could adversely affect revenue for the fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2020.

● Employees. Since March 12, 2020 virtually all of our employees throughout all of our domestic and international offices have been working from home. Our philosophy towards work has always favored flexible work environments so while this transition was significant, we already had many of the tools in place necessary to create effective working conditions outside of the office. With the use of Zoom, Slack and other tools we have not seen an appreciable loss of productivity resulting from our entire employee base working from home. Further on March 20, 2020 we temporarily closed our Deny Designs manufacturing facility outside of Denver, furloughing ten employees. Subsequently, we reopened the facility on April 21, 2020 and all ten employees returned to work on or before April 27, 2020. Since then, we have had no additional temporary closures or furloughs.

● Cost Reduction Initiatives. As previously discussed in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, in the immediate aftermath of the Pandemic, we took a variety of steps to reduce costs, including cuts in compensation for our executive team, our direct workforce and our Board of Directors and deferral of 2019 annual cash bonuses by the executive team. Given the performance of our businesses during the second quarter, we restored the salaries of our executive team, and our direct workforce to their pre-temporary salary reduction levels, effective with the payroll payable on June 30, 2020, and paid 2019 annual cash bonuses to the executive team. We also determined to recommence cash retainer compensation for our outside directors under our Outside Director Compensation Program, effective as of July 1, 2020. We continue to focus on expense management through limitations on hiring, promotions and raises. We also continue to assess and implement cost saving opportunities in such areas as marketing, technology, and facilities.

● Other Impacts

o NYSE Compliance. On April 10, 2020, the NYSE gave us notice that we are no longer in compliance with the NYSE continued listing standards due to the fact that our average global market capitalization over a consecutive 30 trading-day period was less than $50 million and, at the same time, our stockholders’ equity was less than $50 million. Given that prior to the Pandemic, our market capitalization had not been below $50 million, we believe that the Pandemic, at least in part, contributed to the drop in market capitalization. On July 9, 2020, the NYSE provided notice to us that it accepted our plan to regain compliance with the NYSE’s continued listing standards. Please refer to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 15, 2020 for additional information.

o Paycheck Protection Program Loan. On April 20, 2020, we entered into a Promissory Note (the “Promissory Note”) with Silicon Valley Bank and Silicon Valley Bank agreed to make available to the Company the PPP Loan in the amount of $7.1 million under the SBA Paycheck Protection Program enabled by the CARES Act. We used the proceeds to support payroll costs, rent and utilities in accordance with the relevant terms and conditions of the CARES Act.

Key Business Metrics

We regularly review a number of business metrics, including the following key metrics, to evaluate our business, measure the performance of our business model, identify trends impacting our business, determine resource allocations, formulate financial projections and make strategic business decisions. Measures that we believe are the primary indicators of our performance are described below. We

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believe that the number of transactions, gross transaction value, number of visits and revenue per visit are currently the key metrics for understanding our results of operations.

Society6 Group Metrics

● Number of transactions: We define transactions as the total number of Society6 Group transactions successfully completed by a customer during the applicable period.

● Gross transaction value: We define gross transaction value as the total dollar value of Society6 Group transactions. Gross transaction value is the total amount paid by the customer for a Society6 Group product, which consists of the following elements: the product price, inclusive of the commission payable to the artist, shipping charges, and sales taxes, less any promotional discounts. Gross transaction value does not reflect any subsequent cancellations, refunds or credits and does not represent revenue earned by the Company.

Saatchi Art Group Metrics

● Number of transactions: We define transactions as the total number of Saatchi Art Group transactions successfully completed by a customer during the applicable period, excluding certain transactions generated by Saatchi Art’s The Other Art Fair, which include sales of stand space to artists at fairs, sponsorship fees and ticket sales.

● Gross transaction value: We define gross transaction value as the total dollar value of Saatchi Art Group transactions, excluding the revenue from certain transactions generated by Saatchi Art’s The Other Art Fair, which include sales of stand space to artists at fairs, sponsorship fees and ticket sales. Gross transaction value is the total amount paid by the customer for a Saatchi Art Group product, which consists of the following elements: the product price, inclusive of the commission payable to the artist, shipping charges, and sales taxes, less any promotional discounts. Gross transaction value does not reflect any subsequent cancellations, refunds or credits and does not represent revenue earned by the Company.

● Number of art fairs: We define the number of art fairs as in-person art fairs hosted by The Other Art Fair.

Media Group Metrics

● Visits per Google Analytics: Visits per Google Analytics are defined as the total number of times users access our content across (a) one of our owned and operated properties and/or (b) one of our customers’ properties, to the extent that the visited customer web pages are hosted by our content services. In each case, a break of access of at least 30 minutes constitutes a unique visit. Additionally, a visit is also considered to have ended at midnight or if a user arrives via one campaign, leaves, and then comes back via a different campaign.

● Revenue per visit (“RPV”): We define RPV as Media Group revenue per one thousand visits.

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The following table sets forth our key business metrics for the periods presented:

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		% Change		2020		2019		% Change
Society6 Group Metrics(1):
Number of Transactions		681,400		309,656	120	%		1,515,120		824,260	84	%
Gross Transaction Value (in thousands)	$	49,095	$	22,192	121	%	$	108,134	$	58,899	84	%
Saatchi Art Group Metrics(1)(2):
Number of Transactions		8,541		6,834	25	%		22,762		21,599	5	%
Gross Transaction Value (in thousands)	$	9,784	$	7,149	37	%	$	28,214	$	22,628	25	%
Number of Art Fairs		—		3	(100)	%		—		9	(100)	%
Media Group Metrics(1)(3):
Visits per Google Analytics (in thousands)		461,471		736,608	(37)	%		1,699,126		2,194,681	(23)	%
Revenue per Visit (RPV)	$	32.41	$	22.68	43	%	$	24.37	$	21.19	15	%
Pro forma Visits per Google Analytics (in thousands)(4)		461,471		589,789	(22)	%		1,524,853		1,732,100	(12)	%
Pro forma Revenue per Visit (RPV)(4)	$	32.41	$	28.32	14	%	$	27.15	$	26.85	1	%

(1) For a discussion of these period-to-period changes in the number of transactions, gross transaction value, number of visits and RPV, and how they impacted our financial results, see “Results of Operations” below.

(2) Saatchi Art Group Metrics excludes transactions and the associated revenue generated by Saatchi Art’s The Other Art Fair, which include sales of stand space to artists at art fairs, sponsorship fees and ticket sales.

(3) Media Group Metrics include visits and revenue generated by OnlyInYourState subsequent to its acquisition in February 2019. From April 25, 2020 onwards, Media Group Metrics exclude visits generated by certain domains no longer under our control as a result of the asset sale entered into with Hearst Newspapers, a division of Hearst Communications, Inc. (“Hearst”) on April 24, 2020 (the “Hearst Transaction”), as more fully described in Note 13 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

(4) Pro forma Visits and Pro forma Revenue per Visit exclude visits generated by certain domains no longer under our control as a result of the Hearst Transaction. The number of visits is derived from Google Analytics.

Basis of Presentation

Revenue

Our revenue is primarily derived from products and services sold through our home, art and design marketplaces and from sales of advertising. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

Our contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the estimated standalone selling price of the promised good or service. We allocate any arrangement fee or other incentive or promotional offers to each of the elements based on their relative selling prices.

Our revenue is principally derived from the following products and services:

Product Revenue

For Society6 Group and Saatchi Art Group, we recognize product revenue from sales of products when we transfer control of promised goods to our customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods. In determining the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to, we take into account sales allowances, estimated returns based on historical experience and any incentive offers provided to customers to encourage purchases, including percentage discounts off current purchases, free shipping and other promotional offers. Because we are the principal in a transaction and obtain control of the goods before they are transferred to the customer, we record product revenue at the gross amount. Value-added taxes (“VAT”), sales tax and other taxes are not included in product revenue because we are a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting any such taxes.

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Society6 Group

Product revenue includes e-commerce, wholesale, and shipping revenue.

Saatchi Art Group

Product revenue includes e-commerce and shipping revenue for limited and open edition prints.

Media Group

For Media Group, product revenue includes revenue from products sold on our online media properties.

Service Revenue

Society6 Group

Service revenue includes revenue generated through involvement in direct media campaigns.

Saatchi Art Group

Service revenue includes revenue from commissions we receive from facilitating the sale of original art by artists to customers through Saatchi Art. We also generate Saatchi Art Group service revenue from various sources relating to Saatchi Art’s The Other Art Fair, including commissions from the sale of original art, fees paid by artists for stands at fairs and through sponsorship opportunities with third-party brands and advertisers. We recognize fair-related service revenue upon completion of each fair. We recognize service revenue arising from the sale of original art net of amounts paid to the artist because we are not the principal in the transaction and we do not obtain control over the original art. Revenue is recognized when we transfer control of the promised service, which is after the original art has been delivered and the return period has expired. We provide incentive offers to Saatchi Art customers to encourage purchases, including percentage discounts off current purchases, free shipping and other promotional offers. VAT, sales tax and other taxes are not included in service revenue because we are a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting any such taxes.

Media Group

Advertising Revenue. We generate Media Group service revenue primarily from advertisements displayed on our online media properties and on certain webpages of our partners’ media properties that are hosted by our content services. Articles, videos and other forms of content generate advertising revenue from a diverse mix of advertising methods including display advertisements, where revenue is dependent upon the number of advertising impressions delivered; performance-based cost-per-click advertising, in which an advertiser pays only when a visitor clicks on an advertisement; sponsored content; or advertising links. Performance obligations pursuant to our advertising revenue arrangements typically include a minimum number of impressions or the satisfaction of other performance criteria. Revenue from performance-based arrangements is recognized as the related performance criteria are met. We assess whether performance criteria have been met based on a reconciliation of the performance criteria. The reconciliation of the performance criteria generally includes a comparison of third-party performance data to the contractual performance obligation and to internal or partner-performance data in circumstances where that data is available.

Where we enter into revenue-sharing arrangements with our partners, such as those relating to our advertiser network, we report revenue on a gross or net basis depending on whether we are considered the principal in the transaction. In addition, we consider which party controls the service, including which party is primarily responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the service. We also consider which party has the latitude to establish the sales prices to advertisers. When we are considered the principal, we report the underlying revenue on a gross basis in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, and record these revenue-sharing payments to our partners in service costs.

Content Sales and Licensing Revenue. We generate revenue from the sale or license of media content, including the creation and distribution of content for third-party brands and publishers. Revenue from the sale or perpetual license of media content is recognized when the control of content is transferred or when the right to use is transferred and the contractual performance obligations have been fulfilled. Revenue from the non-perpetual license of media content is recognized over the period of the license as the right to access

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content is delivered or when other related performance criteria are fulfilled. In circumstances where we distribute our content on third-party properties and the customer acts as the principal, we recognize revenue on a net basis.

Product Costs

Product costs consist of product manufacturing costs, including both in-house and contracted third-party manufacturing costs, artist payments, personnel costs and credit card and other transaction processing fees.

Service Costs

Service costs consist of payments relating to our internet connection and co-location charges and other platform operating expenses, including depreciation of the systems and hardware used to build and operate our content creation and distribution platform; expenses related to creating, rewriting, or auditing certain content units; and personnel costs related to in-house editorial, customer service and information technology. Service costs also include payments to our partners pursuant to revenue-sharing arrangements where we are the principal. In addition, service costs include expenses related to art fairs hosted by Saatchi Art’s The Other Art Fair, such as venue-related costs and fair personnel costs.

Shipping and Handling

Shipping and handling costs charged to customers are recorded in service revenue or product revenue, as applicable. Associated costs are recorded in service costs or product costs.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of sales and marketing personnel costs, sales support, public relations, advertising, marketing and general promotional expenditures. Fluctuations in our sales and marketing expenses are generally the result of our efforts to drive growth in our product and service offerings.

Product Development

Product development expenses consist primarily of expenses incurred in our software engineering, product development and web design activities and related personnel costs. Fluctuations in our product development expenses are generally the result of hiring personnel to support and develop our platforms, including the costs to improve our owned and operated media properties and related mobile applications, as well as the costs to develop future product and service offerings.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs from our corporate executive, legal, finance, human resources and information technology organizations and facilities-related expenditures, as well as third-party professional service fees and insurance. Professional service fees are largely comprised of outside legal, audit and information technology consulting services.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

We capitalize certain costs (i) allocated to the purchase price of certain identifiable intangible assets acquired in connection with business combinations and (ii) incurred to develop media content that is determined to have a probable economic benefit. We amortize these costs on a straight-line basis over the related expected useful lives of these assets. We determine the appropriate useful life of intangible assets by performing an analysis of expected cash flows based on our historical experience of intangible assets of similar quality and value. In the event of content remediation or removal in future periods, additional accelerated amortization expense may be incurred in the periods such actions occur. We expect total amortization expense to decrease in the near term due to assets completing their useful

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lives. Amortization as a percentage of revenue will depend upon a variety of factors, such as the amounts and mix of our investments in content and identifiable intangible assets acquired in business combinations.

Stock-based Compensation

Included in operating expenses are expenses associated with stock-based compensation, which are allocated and included in service costs, sales and marketing, product development and general and administrative expenses. Stock-based compensation expense is largely comprised of costs associated with stock options and restricted stock units granted to employees, directors and non-employees, and expenses relating to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). We record the fair value of these equity-based awards and expenses at their cost ratably over related vesting periods.

Interest Income (Expense), Net

Interest income consists primarily of interest earned on cash balances and money market deposits, which are included in cash and cash equivalents. Interest expense consists of interest on outstanding debt and amortization of debt issuance costs associated with our credit facility.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net consists primarily of transaction gains and losses on foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities and gains or losses on sales of businesses and other assets. We expect that these gains and losses will vary depending upon movements in underlying currency exchange rates and whether we dispose of any businesses and other assets.

Income Tax Expense

Since our inception, we have been subject to income taxes principally in the United States and certain other countries where we have or had a legal presence, including the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and Argentina. We may in the future become subject to taxation in additional countries based on the foreign statutory rates in those countries and our effective tax rate could fluctuate accordingly.

Income taxes are computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

We currently believe that based on the available information, it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will not be realized, and accordingly we have taken a full valuation allowance against all of our United States federal and state and certain foreign deferred tax assets. Federal and state laws impose substantial restrictions on the utilization of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards in the event of an “ownership change,” as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Currently, we do not expect the utilization of our net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards in the near term to be materially affected as no significant limitations are expected to be placed on these carryforwards as a result of our previous ownership changes. However, if all or a portion of our net operating loss carryforwards are subject to limitation because we experience an ownership change, our future cash flows could be adversely impacted due to increased tax liability.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP in the United States. The preparation of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates.

We believe that the estimates and assumptions associated with our revenue recognition, goodwill, intangible assets acquired in business combinations, and the recoverability of our long-lived assets have the greatest potential impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates and have discussed these in our 2019

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Annual Report. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates since the date of our 2019 Annual Report.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented (in thousands). The period-to-period comparison of financial results is not necessarily indicative of future results.

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenue:
Product revenue	$	45,135	$	19,611	$	97,439	$	53,021
Service revenue		18,120		20,419		49,649		56,836
Total revenue		63,255		40,030		147,088		109,857
Operating expenses:
Product costs (exclusive of amortization of intangible assets shown separately below)(1)		33,753		14,221		72,752		40,049
Service costs (exclusive of amortization of intangible assets shown separately below)(1)(2)		8,468		9,107		25,270		26,000
Sales and marketing(1)(2)		9,594		7,372		24,699		22,498
Product development(1)(2)		4,967		4,973		14,728		15,652
General and administrative(1)(2)		7,691		8,072		22,948		24,724
Amortization of intangible assets		518		807		1,922		2,619
Total operating expenses		64,991		44,552		162,319		131,542
Loss from operations		(1,736)		(4,522)		(15,231)		(21,685)
Interest income		1		44		27		232
Interest expense		(103)		(5)		(292)		(15)
Other income, net		5,537		(6)		9,384		6
Loss before income taxes		3,699		(4,489)		(6,112)		(21,462)
Income tax benefit (expense)		(13)		4		(75)		(71)
Net income (loss)	$	3,686	$	(4,485)	$	(6,187)	$	(21,533)
(1) Depreciation expense included in the above line items:
Product costs	$	479	$	401	$	1,538	$	1,162
Service costs		1,116		951		3,265		2,831
Sales and marketing		10		7		29		20
Product development		15		12		42		35
General and administrative		142		184		477		1,073
Total depreciation	$	1,762	$	1,555	$	5,351	$	5,121
(2) Stock-based compensation included in the above line items:
Service costs	$	265	$	315	$	1,002	$	758
Sales and marketing		300		269		1,028		520
Product development		658		635		2,000		1,791
General and administrative		812		1,241		3,232		3,521
Total stock-based compensation	$	2,035	$	2,460	$	7,262	$	6,590

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As a percentage of revenue:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenue:
Product revenue	71.4	%	49.0	%	66.2	%	48.3	%
Service revenue	28.6	%	51.0	%	33.8	%	51.7	%
Total revenue	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Operating expenses:
Product costs (exclusive of amortization of intangible assets shown separately below)	53.4	%	35.5	%	49.5	%	36.5	%
Service costs (exclusive of amortization of intangible assets shown separately below)	13.4	%	22.8	%	17.2	%	23.7	%
Sales and marketing	15.2	%	18.4	%	16.8	%	20.5	%
Product development	7.9	%	12.4	%	10.0	%	14.2	%
General and administrative	12.1	%	20.2	%	15.6	%	22.5	%
Amortization of intangible assets	0.7	%	2.0	%	1.4	%	2.5	%
Total operating expenses	102.7	%	111.3	%	110.5	%	119.8	%
Loss from operations	(2.7)	%	(11.3)	%	(10.5)	%	(19.8)	%
Interest income	—	%	—	%	—	%	0.3	%
Interest expense	(0.2)	%	—	%	(0.2)	%	—	%
Other income, net	8.7	%	—	%	6.5	%	—	%
Loss before income taxes	5.8	%	(11.2)	%	(4.2)	%	(19.5)	%
Income tax benefit (expense)	—	%	—	%	(0.1)	%	(0.1)	%
Net income (loss)	5.8	%	(11.2)	%	(4.2)	%	(19.6)	%

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Segment results (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		% Change		2020		2019		% Change
Segment Revenue:
Society6 Group	$	43,631	$	19,205	127	%	$	94,289	$	51,406	83	%
Saatchi Art Group		4,668		4,122	13	%		11,398		11,948	(5)	%
Media Group		14,956		16,703	(10)	%		41,401		46,503	(11)	%
Total revenue	$	63,255	$	40,030	58	%	$	147,088	$	109,857	34	%
Segment Operating Expenses:
Society6 Group(1)	$	39,862	$	18,080	120	%	$	87,013	$	51,524	69	%
Saatchi Art Group(1)		4,761		4,432	7	%		13,133		13,670	(4)	%
Media Group(1)		8,833		10,039	(12)	%		26,759		29,585	(10)	%
Add:
Strategic shared services and corporate overhead(2)(3)		7,220		7,179	1	%		20,879		22,343	(7)	%
Consolidated operating expenses	$	60,676	$	39,730	53	%	$	147,784	$	117,122	26	%
Segment Operating Contribution:
Society6 Group(4)	$	3,769	$	1,125	235	%	$	7,276	$	(118)	6,266	%
Saatchi Art Group(4)		(93)		(310)	70	%		(1,735)		(1,722)	(1)	%
Media Group(4)		6,123		6,664	(8)	%		14,642		16,918	(13)	%
Deduct:
Strategic shared services and corporate overhead(2)(3)		(7,220)		(7,179)	(1)	%		(20,879)		(22,343)	7	%
Acquisition, disposition and realignment costs(5)		—		—	-	%		—		—	-	%
Adjusted EBITDA(6)	$	2,579	$	300	760	%	$	(696)	$	(7,265)	90	%

(1) Segment operating expenses reflects operating expenses that are directly attributable to the operating segment, not including corporate and unallocated expenses, and also excluding the following: (a) depreciation expense; (b) amortization of intangible assets; (c) share-based compensation expense; (d) interest and other income (expense); (e) income taxes; and (f) contingent payments to certain key employees/equity holders of acquired businesses.

(2) Strategic shared services include shared operating expenses that are not directly attributable to the operating segments, including: network operations center, marketing, business development, product development, creative, financial systems, quality assurance, software engineering, and information systems. Corporate overhead includes general and administrative support functions that are not directly attributable to the operating segments, including: executive, accounting, finance, human resources, legal, and facilities. Strategic shared services and corporate overhead excludes the following: (a) depreciation expense; (b) amortization of intangible assets; (c) share-based compensation expense; (d) interest and other income (expenses); and (e) income taxes.

(3) Strategic shared services and corporate overhead includes $2.1 million and $2.0 million in strategic shared services costs for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $5.1 million and $5.2 million in corporate overhead for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Strategic shared services and corporate overhead include $6.0 million and $6.1 million in strategic shared services for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $14.9 million and $16.2 million in corporate overhead for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
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(4) Segment operating contribution reflects segment revenue less segment operating expenses. Operating contribution has certain limitations in that it does not take into account the impact to the statement of operations of certain expenses and is not directly comparable to similar measures used by other companies.

(5) Represents such items, when applicable, as (a) legal, accounting and other professional service fees directly attributable to acquisition, disposition or corporate realignment activities, (b) employee severance, and (c) other payments attributable to acquisition, disposition or corporate realignment activities, excluding contingent payments to certain key employees/equity holders of acquired businesses.
​

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(6) Adjusted EBITDA reflects net income (loss) excluding interest (income) expense, income tax expense (benefit), and certain other non-cash or non-recurring items impacting net income (loss) from time to time, principally comprised of depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, contingent payments to certain key employees/equity holders of acquired businesses and other payments attributable to acquisition, disposition or corporate realignment activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we had $1.5 million in cost savings, which included temporary salary cuts of our executive team and salaried direct workforce (whose salaries were reinstated effective with payroll paid on June 30, 2020) and compensation cuts and deferrals of compensation of our independent directors (whose cash retainer compensation was reinstated, effective July 1, 2020), neither of which is expected to reoccur.

See Note 14 of our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below for more information and reconciliation of segment results to consolidated GAAP operating income (loss).

Society6 Group Revenue

Society6 Group revenue increased by $24.4 million, or 127%, to $43.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $19.2 million for the same period in 2019. The increase in revenue was primarily driven by a 140% increase in direct-to-consumer (“D2C”) sales, with a 155% increase domestically and a 60% increase internationally, and a 52% increase in business-to-business (“B2B”) sales. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, Society6 Group gross transaction value was $49.1 million as compared to $22.2 million in the prior year period, reflecting an increase of 121%. The increase in gross transaction value was primarily driven by a 133% increase in D2C gross transaction value, with a 149% increase domestically and a 56% increase internationally, and a 48% increase in B2B gross transaction value. The increase was further affected by a 120% increase in the number of transactions and a 1% increase in average order value. The number of transactions increased 120% to 681,400 in the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 309,656 in the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily driven by a 124% increase in D2C transactions, with a 139% increase domestically and a 45% increase internationally, and a 97% increase in B2B transactions.

Society6 Group revenue increased by $42.9 million, or 83%, to $94.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $51.4 million for the same period in 2019. The increase in revenue was primarily driven by a 92% increase in D2C sales, with a 108% increase domestically and a 27% increase internationally, and a 31% increase in B2B sales. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, Society6 Group gross transaction value was $108.1 million as compared to $58.9 million in the prior year period, reflecting an increase of 84%. The increase in gross transaction value was primarily driven by a 92% increase in D2C gross transaction value, with a 108% increase domestically and a 27% increase internationally, and a 31% increase in B2B gross transaction value. The increase was further affected by an 84% increase in the number of transactions while average order value remained flat. The number of transactions increased 84% to 1.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 0.8 million in the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily driven by an 82% increase in D2C transactions, with a 97% increase domestically and a 17% increase internationally, and a 92% increase in B2B transactions.

Saatchi Art Group Revenue

Saatchi Art Group revenue increased by $0.5 million, or 13%, to $4.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $4.1 million for the same period in 2019. The increase in revenue was primarily driven by a 68% increase in Saatchi Art revenue, partially offset by an 85% decrease in The Other Art Fair revenue. Due to efforts to contain the Pandemic, no live art fairs occurred for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to three live art fairs hosted for the same period in 2019, resulting in a decrease in The Other Art Fair revenue of $1.5 million, or 100%, partially offset by an increase of $0.2 million related to online sponsorship revenue. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, Saatchi Art Group gross transaction value was $9.8 million as compared to $7.1 million for the same period in 2019, reflecting an increase of 37%. The increase in Saatchi Art Group gross transaction value was primarily driven by a 25% increase in the number of transactions and a 10% increase in the average order value. Gross transaction value excludes the revenue from certain transactions generated by the art fairs, which include the sales of stand space to artists at art fairs, sponsorship fees and ticket sales. The number of transactions increased 25% to 8,541 in the three months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 6,834 in the same period in 2019, primarily due to increases in Saatchi Art transactions.

Saatchi Art Group revenue decreased by $0.6 million, or 5%, to $11.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $12.0 million for the same period in 2019. The decrease in Saatchi Art Group revenue was primarily driven by a 93% decrease in The Other Art Fair revenue, partially offset by a 32% increase in Saatchi Art revenue. Due to efforts to contain the Pandemic, no live art fairs occurred for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to nine fairs hosted for the same period in 2019, resulting in a decrease in The Other Art Fair revenue of $3.5 million, or 100%, partially offset by an increase of $0.2 million related to

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online sponsorship revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, Saatchi Art Group gross transaction value was $28.2 million as compared to $22.6 million in the prior year period, reflecting an increase of 25%. The increase in Saatchi Art Group gross transaction value was primarily driven by a 5% increase in the number of transactions and an 18% increase in the average order value. Gross transaction value excludes the revenue from certain transactions generated by the art fairs, which include the sales of stand space to artists at art fairs, sponsorship fees and ticket sales. The number of transactions increased 5% to 22,762 in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to 21,599 in the same period in 2019, primarily due to increases in Saatchi Art transactions.

Media Group Revenue

Media Group revenue decreased by $1.7 million, or 10%, to $15.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $16.7 million for the same period in 2019. The decline in revenue was primarily attributable to the Hearst Transaction, and decreased revenue in Livestrong.com and Well+Good, partially offset by increased revenue in OnlyInYourState. The decline in revenue was primarily attributable to a decrease in visits, partially offset by an increase in RPV. The decrease in visits was primarily driven by the Hearst Transaction, and a decrease in Livestrong.com visits, partially offset by growth in Well+Good and OnlyInYourState visits. On an as reported basis, RPV, calculated using visits per Google Analytics, increased by 43%, to $32.41 in the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $22.68 in the same period in 2019. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in RPV across all sites, excluding Well+Good. As of April 25, 2020, we are no longer including visits to the sites migrated to Hearst in the Hearst Transaction. On a pro forma basis, that gives effect to the Hearst Transaction for all periods, RPV, calculated using visits per Google Analytics, increased by 14%, to $32.41, in the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $28.32 in the same period in 2019. On an as reported basis, Google Analytics data shows that visits decreased by 37% to 461 million visits in the three months ended September 30, 2020 from 737 million visits in the same period in 2019. On a pro forma basis, that gives effect to the Hearst Transaction for all periods, Google Analytics data shows that visits decreased by 22% to 461 million visits in the three months ended September 30, 2020 from 590 million visits in the same period in 2019.

Media Group revenue decreased by $5.1 million, or 11%, to $41.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $46.5 million for the same period in 2019. The decline in revenue was primarily attributable to the Hearst Transaction, and decreases in Livestrong.com revenue, partially offset by increases in OnlyInYourState revenue, which we acquired in February 2019. The decline in revenue was primarily attributable to a decrease in visits, partially offset by an increase in RPV. The decrease in visits was primarily driven by the Hearst Transaction, and a decrease in Livestrong.com visits, partially offset by growth in Well+Good and OnlyInYourState. On an as reported basis, Google Analytics data shows that visits decreased by 23% to 1,699 million visits in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from 2,195 million visits in the same period in 2019. On a pro forma basis, that gives effect to the Hearst Transaction for all periods, Google Analytics data shows that visits decreased by 12% to 1,525 million visits in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from 1,732 million visits in the same period in 2019. On an as reported basis, RPV, calculated using visits per Google Analytics, increased by 15%, to $24.37, in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $21.19 in the same period in 2019. This increase was primarily attributable to an increase in OnlyInYourState RPV, partially offset by a decrease in Livestrong.com RPV. As of April 25, 2020, we are no longer including visits to the sites migrated to Hearst in the Hearst Transaction. On a pro forma basis, that gives effect to the Hearst Transaction for all periods, RPV, calculated using visits per Google Analytics, increased by 1%, to $27.15 in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $26.85 in the same period in 2019.

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Consolidated Costs and Expenses

Operating costs and expenses were as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		% Change		2020		2019		% Change
Product costs (exclusive of amortization of intangible assets)	$	33,753	$	14,221	137	%	$	72,752	$	40,049	82	%
Service costs (exclusive of amortization of intangible assets)		8,468		9,107	(7)	%		25,270		26,000	(3)	%
Sales and marketing		9,594		7,372	30	%		24,699		22,498	10	%
Product development		4,967		4,973	—	%		14,728		15,652	(6)	%
General and administrative		7,691		8,072	(5)	%		22,948		24,724	(7)	%
Amortization of intangible assets		518		807	(36)	%		1,922		2,619	(27)	%

Product Costs

Product costs for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased by $19.5 million, or 137%, to $33.8 million, as compared to $14.2 million for the same period in 2019, primarily due to an increase in Society6 Group revenue.

Product costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased by $32.8 million, or 82%, to $72.8 million, as compared to $40.0 million for the same period in 2019, primarily due to an increase in Society6 Group revenue.

Service Costs

Service costs for the three months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $0.6 million, or 7%, to $8.5 million, as compared to $9.1 million for the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $0.6 million in content renovation costs.

Service costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $0.7 million, or 3%, to $25.3 million, as compared to $26.0 million for the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily due to decreases of $1.1 million related to content renovation costs, and $0.2 million in travel and entertainment costs, partially offset by increases of $0.4 million in depreciation expense and $0.4 million in personnel and related costs.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased by $2.2 million, or 30%, to $9.6 million, as compared to $7.4 million for the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $2.2 million in marketing expenses and $0.2 million in personnel and related costs, partially offset by a decrease of $0.2 million in travel and entertainment costs.

Sales and marketing expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased by $2.2 million, or 10%, to $24.7 million, as compared to $22.5 million for the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily due to increases of $2.7 million in marketing expenses, partially offset by decreases of $0.3 million in personnel and related costs and $0.3 million in travel and entertainment costs.

Product Development

Product development expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 remained flat at $5.0 million, as compared to $5.0 million for the same period in 2019. This was primarily due to an increase of $0.3 million in personnel and related costs, offset by a decrease of $0.2 million in consulting services and $0.1 million in travel and entertainment costs.

Product development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $0.9 million, or 6%, to $14.7 million, as compared to $15.6 million for the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily due to decreases of $0.6 million in personnel and related costs, $0.3 million in travel and entertainment costs, and $0.2 million in consulting services, partially offset by increases of $0.2 million in licensing and support costs.

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General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $0.4 million, or 5%, to $7.7 million, as compared to $8.1 million in the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease of $0.5 million in personnel and related costs, $0.3 million associated with strategic review costs, and $0.2 million in travel and entertainment costs, partially offset by an increase of $0.5 million associated with stockholder activist-related costs, including fees of legal and other advisors, and $0.1 million in facilities costs.

General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $1.8 million, or 7%, to $22.9 million, as compared to $24.7 million in the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily driven by decreases of $0.6 million in personnel and related costs, $0.6 million in depreciation expense, $0.5 million in travel and entertainment costs, $0.3 million in stockholder activist-related costs, $0.3 million in consulting services, $0.3 million in board fees, partially offset by increases of $0.6 million in facilities costs and $0.5 million associated with strategic review costs, including fees of legal, financial and other advisors.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $0.3 million, or 36%, to $0.5 million, as compared to $0.8 million in the same period in 2019. The decrease in amortization expense is primarily due to intangible assets completing their useful life.

Amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $0.7 million, or 27%, to $1.9 million, as compared to $2.6 million in the same period in 2019. The decrease in amortization expense is primarily due to intangible assets completing their useful life.

Interest Income (Expense), Net

Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $0.1 million, as compared to interest income of less than $0.1 million in the same period in 2019.

Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $0.3 million, as compared to interest income of $0.2 million in the same period in 2019.

Other Income, Net

Other income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $5.5 million and $9.4 million, respectively, as compared to other expense of less than $0.1 million in the same period in 2019. The increase in other income is attributable to the $9.3 million gain related to the Hearst Transaction.

Income Tax Benefit (Expense)

Income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was less than $0.1 million.

Segment Results

Society6 Group Operating Expenses and Operating Contribution

Society6 Group operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased by $21.8 million, or 120%, to $39.9 million, as compared to $18.1 million in the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase in Society6 Group revenue, which drove an increase of $18.6 million in cost of products, $2.2 million in marketing costs, and $0.6 million in personnel and related costs. Society6 Group operating contribution was $3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $1.1 million in the same period in 2019.

Society6 Group operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased by $35.5 million, or 69%, to $87.0 million, as compared to $51.5 million in the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily due to increases in Society6 Group revenue,

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which drove an increase of $30.8 million in cost of products, $3.8 million in marketing costs, $0.4 million in consulting fees, and $0.3 million in personnel and related costs. Society6 Group operating contribution was $7.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to ($0.1) million in the same period in 2019.

Saatchi Art Group Operating Expenses and Operating Contribution

Saatchi Art Group operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased by $0.3 million, or 7%, to $4.8 million, as compared to $4.4 million in the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase in Saatchi Art Group revenue, which drove an increase of $0.3 million in cost of services. Saatchi Art Group operating contribution was ($0.1) million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to ($0.3) million in the same period in 2019.

Saatchi Art Group operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $0.5 million, or 4%, to $13.1 million, as compared to $13.7 million in the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily due to decreases of $0.3 million in travel and entertainment costs, $0.2 million in personnel and related costs, $0.2 million in consulting fees, and $0.2 million in marketing costs, partially offset by increases of $0.4 million in cost of services. Saatchi Art Group operating contribution was ($1.7) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and the same period in 2019.

Media Group Operating Expenses and Operating Contribution

Media Group operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $1.2 million, or 12%, to $8.8 million, as compared to $10.0 million in the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $0.9 million in content fees, $0.2 million in marketing costs, and $0.2 million in travel and entertainment costs, partially offset by an increase of $0.2 million in personnel and related costs and $0.3 million in facilities costs. Media Group operating contribution was $6.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $6.7 million in the same period in 2019.

Media Group operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $2.8 million, or 10%, to $26.8 million, as compared to $29.6 million in the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily due to decreases of $0.8 million in content fees, $0.8 million in marketing costs, $0.6 million in personnel and related costs, $0.3 million in travel and entertainment costs, $0.2 million in cost of sales, $0.2 million in professional fees, $0.2 million in office supplies, partially offset by an increase of $0.7 million in facilities. Media Group operating contribution was $14.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to $16.9 million in the same period in 2019.

Strategic Shared Services and Corporate Overhead

Strategic shared services and corporate overhead for the three months ended September 30, 2020 remained flat at $7.2 million, as compared to the same period in 2019.

Strategic shared services and corporate overhead for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased by $1.5 million, or 7%, to $20.9 million, as compared to $22.3 million in the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily due to decreases of $0.8 million in personnel and related costs, $0.6 million in travel and entertainment costs, $0.4 million in consulting fees, $0.3 million in stockholder activist-related costs, and $0.3 million in board fees. These savings were partially offset by increases of $0.5 million associated with strategic review costs, including fees of legal, financial and other advisors, and $0.2 million in software licensing costs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we had $0.9 million and $0.7 million in costs related to the strategic review and stockholder activist-related costs, respectively, as compared to $0.5 million and $1.0 million in the same period in 2019.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To provide investors and others with additional information regarding our financial results, we have disclosed in the table below adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization expense, or Adjusted EBITDA. We have provided a reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Our Adjusted EBITDA financial measure differs from GAAP net income (loss) in that it excludes interest expense (income), income tax expense (benefit), and certain other non-cash or non-recurring items impacting net income (loss) from time to time, principally comprised of depreciation and

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amortization, stock-based compensation, contingent payments to certain key employees/equity holders of acquired businesses and other payments attributable to acquisition, disposition or corporate realignment activities.

Adjusted EBITDA is one of the primary measures used by our management and board of directors to understand and evaluate our financial performance and operating trends, including period-to-period comparisons, because it excludes certain expenses and gains that management believes are not indicative of our core operating results. Management believes that the exclusion of these expenses and gains provides a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our underlying core revenue and operating costs that is focused more closely on the current costs necessary to operate our businesses and reflects our ongoing business in a manner that allows for meaningful analysis of trends. In addition, management believes that excluding certain non-cash charges can be useful because the amounts of such expenses is the result of long-term investment decisions made in previous periods rather than day-to-day operating decisions. Adjusted EBITDA is also one of the primary measures management uses to prepare and update our short and long term financial and operational plans and to evaluate investment decisions. We also frequently use Adjusted EBITDA in our discussions with investors, commercial bankers, equity research analysts and other users of our financial statements.

Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and in comparing operating results across periods and to those of our peer companies. However, the use of Adjusted EBITDA has certain limitations because it does not reflect all items of income and expense that affect our operations. We compensate for these limitations by reconciling Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss), the most comparable GAAP financial measure. Further, Adjusted EBITDA does not have a standardized meaning, and therefore other companies, including peer companies, may use the same or similarly named measures but exclude different items or use different computations, so comparability may be limited. Adjusted EBITDA should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. We encourage investors and others to review our financial information in its entirety and not rely on a single financial measure.

The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods presented (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income (loss)(1)	$	3,686	$	(4,485)	$	(6,187)	$	(21,533)
Add (deduct):
Income tax expense, net		13		(4)		75		71
Interest (income) expense, net		102		(39)		265		(217)
Other expense (income), net		(5,537)		6		(9,384)		(6)
Depreciation and amortization(2)		2,280		2,362		7,273		7,740
Stock-based compensation(3)		2,035		2,460		7,262		6,590
Acquisition, disposition, realignment and contingent payment costs(4)		—		—		—		90
Adjusted EBITDA	$	2,579	$	300	$	(696)	$	(7,265)

(1) For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we had $1.5 million in cost savings, which included temporary salary cuts of our executive team and salaried direct workforce (whose salaries were reinstated effective with payroll paid on June 30, 2020) and compensation cuts and deferrals of compensation of our independent directors (whose cash retainer compensation was reinstated, effective July 1, 2020), neither of which is expected to reoccur.

(2) Represents depreciation expense of our long-lived tangible assets and amortization expense of our finite-lived intangible assets, including amortization expense related to our investment in media content assets, included in our GAAP results of operations.

(3) Represents the expense related to stock-based awards granted to employees as included in our GAAP results of operations.

(4) Represents such items, when applicable, as (a) legal, accounting and other professional service fees directly attributable to acquisition, disposition or corporate realignment activities, (b) employee severance, (c) contingent payments to certain key employees/equity holders of acquired businesses, and (d) other payments attributable to acquisition, disposition or corporate realignment activities.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2020, we had $33.0 million of cash and cash equivalents. 

In February 2019, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Only In Your State, LLC for total consideration of $2.0 million in cash, of which $0.1 million was held back to secure post-closing indemnification obligations. In February 2020, we paid a total of $0.04

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million to the sellers, net of $0.01 million related to post-closing indemnification obligations pursuant to the purchase agreement. In June 2018, we acquired Well+Good for an initial payment of $12.3 million in cash, comprised of a $10.0 million purchase price and an additional $2.3 million after giving effect to working capital adjustments as of the closing date. Of the aggregate $12.3 million in cash paid at closing, $0.8 million was held back to secure post-closing indemnification obligations of the sellers and/or post-closing adjustments to the purchase price. In May and June 2019, we paid $0.6 million of the $0.8 million held back and $0.2 million was included as a working capital adjustment pursuant to the purchase agreement. In addition, we agreed to pay certain key employees/equity holders of Well+Good deferred compensation targeted at $9.0 million, payable over a three year period upon the achievement of certain operating targets through the end of the 2020 fiscal year, subject to reduction, increase and acceleration in certain circumstances. The deferred compensation is considered post-combination consideration and any estimated deferred compensation expense for future periods accrues and is included in other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. In February 2019, deferred compensation of $1.9 million was paid to certain key employees/equity holders of Well+Good in accordance with the purchase agreement based on fiscal year 2018 results. As of September 30, 2020, we have not accrued any expense for Well+Good deferred compensation based on the 2020 fiscal year period. In May 2017, we acquired Deny Designs for total consideration of $12.0 million, including $6.7 million in cash paid at closing, approximately 215,000 shares of Leaf Group common stock valued at approximately $1.7 million and $3.6 million of contingent consideration payable annually in three equal installments on the first through third anniversaries of the closing date, subject to reduction in certain circumstances. The May 2018, May 2019, and May 2020 installments of the contingent consideration, net of post-closing working capital adjustments to the purchase price, were paid to the seller in the amounts of $1.1 million, $1.2 million, and $1.2 million, respectively. The final installment has been paid and no further liability remains as of September 30, 2020.

Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalents, cash we generate from our operations and, in recent periods, cash generated from the issuance of stock and the disposition of businesses and certain non-core media properties. We currently have a shelf registration statement on file with the SEC that is effective until October 26, 2023, which we may use to offer and sell equity securities with an aggregate offering price not to exceed $100.0 million.

Credit Facility. We entered into a credit facility on November 7, 2019. The loan and security agreement is a 364-day senior secured working capital revolving line of credit with Silicon Valley Bank (the “Lender”). Our credit facility is asset-based and provides for a maximum amount up to the lesser of (i) $10.0 million, or (ii) 80% of eligible accounts receivable, as described in the loan and security agreement. Any borrowed amounts outstanding under our credit facility bear interest at a floating rate equal to the greater of (i) WSJ Prime Rate plus 0.50%, or (ii) 5.0%. We must also pay an unused line fee of 0.20% per annum based on maximum commitments less outstanding balances on the line of credit, payable monthly in arrears. The agreement is secured by substantially all of our assets, including intellectual property.

The credit facility contains customary representations and warranties and customary reporting, affirmative and negative covenants, including, among other things, restrictions on indebtedness, liens, investments, mergers, acquisitions, dispositions, declarations of dividends and stock repurchases. In addition, we are required to maintain the Required Percentage (85%) of our global cash on account with the Lender, provided that such amount may fall below the Required Percentage for a period of time not to exceed 10 consecutive business days each calendar month (but in no event can the amount be less than 75% of our global cash). Furthermore, the credit facility contains customary events of default that include, among others, failure to pay principal, interest or fees when due, failure to comply with the other terms of the credit facility and related agreements, the occurrence of a material adverse change and certain insolvency-related events. The existence of an event of default would allow the Lender to terminate its lending commitments, demand repayment of its loans and otherwise exercise all rights and remedies of a secured creditor.

On June 1, 2020, we entered into the First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement (the “First Amendment”) with the Lender. The First Amendment amends the original loan and security agreement to, among other things, extend the maturity date, add a financial covenant and modify the borrowing formula. The First Amendment extends the maturity date of any borrowings under our credit facility from November 5, 2020 to May 5, 2021. In addition, the First Amendment adds a liquidity maintenance ratio financial covenant (the “Liquidity Ratio”). The Liquidity Ratio is a ratio of (a) (i) unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by us in accounts at the Lender, plus (ii) an amount equal to the product of (A) our net trade accounts receivable, multiplied by (B) sixty percent (60%), to (b) (i) the outstanding principal balance of any borrowings under our credit facility, plus (ii) our accounts payable owing to artists selling works on our platforms (Society6 and Saatchi Art). We are required to maintain a Liquidity Ratio of at least 1.50 to 1.00. The First Amendment also provides for incremental borrowing flexibility for six months, with aggregate borrowing still capped at $10.0 million.

As of September 30, 2020, we had $4.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our credit facility at an interest rate of 5.25%. Our total borrowing capacity under the credit facility was $7.4 million as of September 30, 2020. We are in compliance with all restrictions and have met all debt payment obligations as of September 30, 2020.

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Paycheck Protection Program Loan. On April 20, 2020, we entered into the Promissory Note with Silicon Valley Bank and Silicon Valley Bank agreed to make available to us the PPP Loan in the amount of $7.1 million under the SBA Paycheck Protection Program enabled by the CARES Act. We used the proceeds to support payroll costs, rent and utilities in accordance with the relevant terms and conditions of the CARES Act. The advance under the PPP Loan bears interest at a rate per annum of 1.0%. The term of the PPP Loan is two years, ending April 20, 2022 (the “Maturity Date”). No payments are due on the PPP Loan until November 20, 2020, although interest will accrue during the deferment period. Beginning November 20, 2020, we will pay equal monthly installments of principal and interest in the amount necessary to fully amortize the PPP Loan through the Maturity Date, less any amount of potential forgiveness. Under the terms of the CARES Act, all or a portion of the principal of the PPP Loan may be forgiven. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of the PPP Loan proceeds for payroll costs, mortgage interest payments, lease payments or utility payments. To obtain forgiveness, we would need to request forgiveness from Silicon Valley Bank, provide documentation in accordance with the SBA requirements and certify that the amounts we are requesting to be forgiven qualify under those requirements. We used the PPP Loan proceeds in a manner that would permit forgiveness of the PPP Loan and intend to seek forgiveness at the appropriate time, however, no assurance can be provided that we will obtain forgiveness of the PPP Loan in whole or in part. We may also prepay the principal of the PPP Loan at any time without incurring any prepayment penalty or premium. The Promissory Note also provides for customary events of default, including, among others, events of default relating to failure to make payments, bankruptcy, breaches of representations, and material adverse effects. Additionally, the Promissory Note is subject to the terms and conditions applicable to loans administered by the SBA under the CARES Act. We did not provide any collateral or personal guarantees for the PPP Loan, nor did we pay any facility charge to the government or to Silicon Valley Bank. Additionally, Silicon Valley Bank consented to the PPP Loan as additional permitted indebtedness under our existing revolving credit facility.

Asset Sale to Hearst Newspapers. On April 24, 2020, we entered into an Asset Sale and Services Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Hearst pursuant to which we sold a library of content carried on certain websites (the “Hearst Sites”) that had been hosted by us on behalf of Hearst (the “Hearst Content”) to Hearst for $9.5 million, of which $4.0 million was paid at signing. The balance of $5.5 million was paid on August 21, 2020, upon completion of the migration of the Hearst Content to servers controlled by Hearst. In addition, the Agreement contemplates that, for a three-year initial term, we will provide certain content and web services in connection with the management of the Hearst Content, for which we will be paid certain fees for the content and web services provided and a revenue share based on the net revenue from the Hearst Sites.

We believe that we may see a slowdown of cash inflows from operations due to the Pandemic and the disruption of our customers’ workforce. See Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” below for further discussion of the possible impact of the Pandemic on our business and Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our 2019 Annual Report for additional risk factors.

We anticipate that existing cash and cash equivalents, and forecasted operating cash flows will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months. However, in order to fund our operations, make potential acquisitions, pursue new business opportunities and invest in our existing businesses, platforms and technologies, we may need to raise additional funds by entering into an additional loan or credit facility, selling certain assets or issuing equity, equity-related or debt securities.

Since our inception, we have used cash and stock to make strategic acquisitions to grow our business, including the recent acquisitions of OnlyInYourState in February 2019 and Well+Good in June 2018. We have also generated cash by disposing of certain businesses. We may make further acquisitions and dispositions in the future.

Under our stock repurchase plan announced in August 2011 and amended in February 2012, we are authorized to repurchase up to $50.0 million of our common stock from time to time in open market purchases or negotiated transactions. During the year ended December 31, 2016, we repurchased $4.9 million of our common stock. We have not initiated any repurchases of our common stock since December 2016 and are not currently making repurchases. As of September 30, 2020, approximately $14.3 million remained available under the stock repurchase plan. Management continues to assess the benefits of repurchasing additional shares of our common stock under the stock repurchase plan, and may elect to repurchase additional shares in the future from time to time. The timing and actual number of additional shares to be repurchased will depend on various factors, including price, corporate and regulatory requirements, any applicable debt covenant requirements, alternative investment opportunities and other market conditions.

Our cash flows from operating activities are significantly affected by our cash-based investments in operations, including working capital, and corporate infrastructure to support our ability to generate revenue and conduct operations. Cash used in investing activities has historically been, and is expected to be, impacted by our ongoing investments in our platforms, products, company infrastructure and equipment.

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The following table sets forth our major sources and (uses) of cash for each of the periods presented (in thousands):

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	6,960	$	(8,745)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	$	4,082	$	(7,067)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	4,134	$	(3,311)

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019

Net cash provided by our operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $7.0 million as a result of our net loss during the period of $6.2 million, offset by $7.6 million in non-cash charges and an increase of $5.5 million related to our net working capital. The adjustments for non-cash charges were primarily related to stock-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, partially offset by the gain on the Hearst Transaction. The increase in working capital during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to ordinary course variances in the timing of collections and payments and the accelerated growth of our Society6 Group business.

Net cash used in our operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $8.7 million as a result of our net loss during the period of $21.5 million, non-cash charges of $15.8 million related primarily to depreciation, amortization and stock-based compensation, and a net decrease in our working capital of $3.0 million. The change in working capital during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to ordinary course variances in the timing of collections and payments, including collections of advance payments related to art fairs hosted by Saatchi Art, as well as increased personnel and related costs and service costs, including from the acquisition of Well+Good.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019

Net cash provided by investing activities was $4.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Cash provided by investing activities resulted from $9.5 million in proceeds received from the Hearst Transaction, partially offset by $5.3 million in cash used to purchase property and equipment and $0.2 million in cash used to purchase intangible assets.

Net cash used in investing activities was $7.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily related to $5.2 million related to investments in property and equipment and $1.9 million paid for the acquisition of OnlyInYourState.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019

Net cash provided by financing activities was $4.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Cash provided by financing activities primarily resulted from $7.1 million received from the PPP Loan, partially offset by $2.1 million in cash used related to taxes paid on vesting of restricted stock units and $0.9 million in cash used for deferred consideration paid related to the acquisition of Deny Designs.

Net cash used in financing activities was $3.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily consists of $2.4 million related to taxes paid on vesting of restricted stock units, $0.9 million of deferred consideration paid related to the acquisition of Deny Designs and a $0.6 million holdback payment related to the Well+Good acquisition, partially offset by $0.7 million in proceeds from exercises of stock options and purchases under our ESPP.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2020, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Capital Expenditures

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we used $5.3 million and $5.2 million, respectively, in cash to fund capital expenditures to create internally developed software and purchase property and equipment.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 of our Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3.       QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include foreign currency exchange, inflation, concentration of credit risk and interest rate risk. To reduce and manage these risks, we assess the financial condition of our large advertising network providers, large direct advertisers and their agencies, and other large customers when we enter into or amend agreements with them and limit credit risk by collecting in advance when possible and setting and adjusting credit limits where we deem appropriate. In addition, our recent investment strategy has been to invest in high credit quality financial instruments, which are highly liquid, are readily convertible into cash and mature within three months from the date of purchase.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

While relatively small, we have operations and generate revenue from sources outside the United States. We have foreign currency exchange risks related to our revenue being denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally in the Euro, British Pound Sterling, Australian Dollar, and Canadian Dollar, and a relatively smaller percentage of our expenses being denominated in such currencies. We do not believe that movements in the foreign currencies in which we transact will significantly affect future net earnings or losses. Foreign currency exchange risk can be quantified by estimating the change in cash flows resulting from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in foreign exchange rates. We do not believe that such a change would currently have a material impact on our results of operations. As our international operations grow, our risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency rates will become greater, and we intend to continue to assess our approach to managing this risk.

Inflation Risk

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

As of September 30, 2020, our cash and cash equivalents were maintained primarily with two major U.S. financial institutions and three foreign banks. We also maintained cash balances with three internet payment processors. Deposits with these institutions at times exceed the federally insured limits, which potentially subject us to concentration of credit risk. Historically, we have not experienced any losses related to these balances and believe that there is minimal risk of expected future losses. However, there can be no assurance that there will not be losses on these deposits.

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Customers comprising more than 10% of our consolidated accounts receivable balance were as follows:

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Google Inc.	18	%	21	%

Interest Rate Risk

We had cash and cash equivalents of $33.0 million as of September 30, 2020, primarily invested in money market mutual funds. The cash and cash equivalents are held primarily for working capital purposes. Such interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk. To date, fluctuations in interest income have not been significant. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while maximizing income without significantly increasing risk. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes and have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest rate risk exposure. Due to the short-term nature of our investments, we have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks due to changes in interest rates.

Any borrowings under our credit facility bear interest at floating rate equal to the greater of (i) WSJ Prime Rate plus 0.50%, or (ii) 5.0%. As of September 30, 2020, we had $4.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our credit facility at an interest rate of 5.25%. The advance under the PPP Loan bears interest at a rate per annum of 1.0%. As of September 30, 2020, we had $7.1 million of borrowings outstanding under the PPP Loan. We do not have any other material long-term debt or financial liabilities with floating interest rates that would subject us to interest rate fluctuations.

A hypothetical 10% change in interest rates during any of the periods presented would not have had a material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Item 4.       CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to reasonably ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In accordance with Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.        LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we are a party to various legal matters incidental to the conduct of our business. Certain of our outstanding legal matters include speculative claims for indeterminate amounts of damages. We record a liability when we believe that it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Based on our current knowledge, we do not believe that there is a reasonable possibility that the final outcome of the pending or threatened legal proceedings to which we are a party, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our future financial results. However, the outcome of such legal matters is subject to significant uncertainties.

Item 1A.     RISK FACTORS

There are certain risks and uncertainties in our business that could materially affect our business, financial condition and/or future results and cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. A detailed discussion of our risk factors was included in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part I. Item 1A of the 2019 Annual Report, which is available at www.sec.gov and at ir.leafgroup.com. The risk factors described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part I. Item 1A of the 2019 Annual Report and the risk factors below are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that are currently deemed to be immaterial, could also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or results of operations. There have been no other material changes to the risk factors set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part I. Item 1A of the 2019 Annual Report.

The global COVID-19 pandemic could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. This contagious disease outbreak, which has continued to spread, and the related adverse public health developments, including orders to shelter-in-place, have adversely affected workforces, organizations, economies, and financial markets globally, leading to an economic downturn, uncertainty and increased market volatility. The extent to which the Pandemic impacts our business, financial condition and results of operations depends and will depend on numerous evolving factors, many of which we cannot control and that we may not be able to accurately predict, including: the duration and scope of the Pandemic; governmental, business and individual actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic; the impact of the Pandemic on economic activity and actions taken in response; the effect on our customers and customer demand for our products, solutions, and services; our ability to sell and provide our products and services; and the ability of our customers to pay for our products and services. Customers may also slow down decision making, delay planned work or seek to terminate existing agreements.

Specific impacts on our portfolio of business include, but are not limited to:

● Society6 Group Segment. While Society6 Group has been the beneficiary of the various shelter-at-home regulations promulgated by international, federal, state and local governments as people working from home are looking for creative, reasonably priced items to spruce up their environments and consumers have been choosing e-commerce over shopping at brick-and-mortar stores, the Society6 Group segment may experience volatility given the uncertain economic times brought on by the Pandemic. While Society6 Group has, to date, experienced limited disruptions related to the shipping of its products arising from the Pandemic, it is possible that the incremental shipping burdens placed on shipping carriers for the holiday season could delay delivery of our products. In addition, shipping carriers have identified that their cut-off dates for ordering products to be delivered by Christmas Day may be earlier than previous holiday seasons, which could adversely affect revenue for the fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2020.

● Saatchi Art Group Segment. The Pandemic has continued to cause cancellations or postponements of the live art fairs run by The Other Art Fair. We have postponed or cancelled all 14 art fairs originally scheduled for 2020. In an effort to support artists and customers, on April 8, 2020 we launched Online Studios, our new online fair for those artists who were selected to participate in the postponed live art fairs. While we believe that the initial reception of Online Studios has been positive, we do not believe that Online Studios will generate revenue at the same levels as our live art fairs by The Other Art Fair.

● Media Group Segment. The overall economic climate attributable to the Pandemic has brought a reduction in revenues per visit as many advertisers are cancelling or delaying ad buys while assessing the ongoing impacts of the Pandemic on their businesses.

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We continue to believe that our Media Group segment will experience volatility given the uncertain economic times brought on by the Pandemic. Due to the significant operating margin of our Media Group segment, a reduction in revenue from our Media Group segment has potentially significant adverse impacts on our cash position.

In addition, due to the financial risks presented by the Pandemic, we have implemented a variety of cost cutting initiatives and may need to implement additional cost cutting initiatives that may adversely affect our executive team, employees and business. We continually evaluate our cash position and seek to balance the competing needs of preserving cash in a highly uncertain economic environment while not depriving our businesses of the resources they need to grow. To date, these cost cutting measures have included temporary salary cuts of our executive team and salaried direct workforce (whose salaries were reinstated effective with payroll paid on June 30, 2020), compensation cuts and deferrals of compensation of our independent directors (whose cash retainer compensation was reinstated, effective July 1, 2020), termination of matching contributions for our United States employees in our 401K plan, a hiring freeze on all but critical hires, and limiting merit increases and promotions. We have also reduced expenses in marketing, technology, facilities, and travel. These measures may cause or result in disruption of our business, challenges in hiring critical employees and retaining key employees. Qualified individuals that are critical to the success of our current and future businesses, including engineers, developers and sales and marketing personnel, are in high demand, and we may encounter challenges retaining them if conditions related to the Pandemic persist. All of our officers and United States employees are at-will employees, which means they can terminate their employment relationship with us at any time, and their knowledge of our business and industry may be difficult to replace generally and more so due to the Pandemic. In addition, increased volatility or under-performance in our stock price may also affect our ability to attract critical new employees and retain our existing key employees. Our executive officers and employees may be more inclined to leave us if the perceived value of equity awards, including restricted stock units and stock options, decline. If we lose the services of key personnel or do not hire (in the case of critical employees) or retain other qualified personnel for key positions, our business and results of operation could be adversely affected. If we are unable to mitigate these or other potential risks related to our cost cutting initiatives, it may disrupt our business or could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Any of the events discussed above could contribute to the risks and uncertainties outlined in the 2019 Annual Report and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or stock price. Further, to the extent the Pandemic has adversely affected our business, financial condition and results of operations, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part I. Item 1A of the 2019 Annual Report.

If we cannot meet the continued listing requirements of the NYSE, the NYSE may delist our common stock.

On April 10, 2020, we received notice (“Notice”) from the NYSE that we are no longer in compliance with NYSE continued listing standards set forth in Section 802.01B of the NYSE’s Listed Company Manual due to the fact that our average global market capitalization over a consecutive 30 trading-day period was less than $50 million and, at the same time, our stockholders’ equity was less than $50 million.

We submitted a plan to the NYSE setting forth the actions intended to be taken by us to return to conformity with Section 802.01B within 18 months of the date of the Notice. On July 9, 2020, the NYSE provided us with a notice that it accepted our plan to regain compliance with the NYSE’s continued listing standards. Since the NYSE accepted our plan, our common stock will continue to be listed and traded on the NYSE during the 18-month cure period, subject to our compliance with the plan and other continued listing standards. The NYSE will review the Company on a quarterly basis to confirm compliance with the plan. If we fail to comply with the plan or do not meet continued listing standards at the end of the 18-month cure period, we will be subject to the prompt initiation of NYSE suspension and delisting procedures. On April 21, 2020, the SEC published a notice of filing and immediate effectiveness of a rule change by the NYSE to toll the 18-month cure period from April 20, 2020 through and including June 30, 2020 (the “Toll Period”) due to the effects of the Pandemic. As a result of this temporary relief, our 18-month cure period will not run during the Toll Period and we will have more time to come into conformity with Section 802.10B.

Our common stock will continue to be listed and traded on the NYSE under the common stock trading symbol “LEAF”, subject to our continued compliance with the plan and other listing requirements of the NYSE. Until the NYSE determines that we have regained compliance, the common stock trading symbol will have an added designation of “.BC” to indicate that the status of the common stock is “below compliance” with the NYSE continued listing standards.

The Notice and compliance with the plan do not affect our business operations or reporting obligations with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and do not conflict with or cause an event of default under any of our material debt or other agreements. Failure to

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maintain our NYSE listing could negatively impact us and our stockholders by reducing the willingness of investors to hold our common stock because of any decreased price, liquidity and trading of our common stock, limited availability of price quotations, and reduced news and analyst coverage, and would adversely affect our ability to raise additional financing through the public or private sale of equity securities. Any of these developments may also require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and may limit our ability to raise capital by issuing additional shares of common stock in the future. A delisting could adversely impact the perception of our financial condition and cause reputational harm with investors and parties conducting business with the Company. In addition, the perceived decreased value of employee equity incentive awards may reduce their effectiveness in encouraging performance and retention.

We may not be able to obtain capital when desired on favorable terms, if at all, or without substantial dilution to our stockholders, which may impact our ability to execute on our current or future business strategies.

We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents and our cash generated by operating activities will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months. It is possible, however, that we may not generate sufficient cash from operations or otherwise have the capital resources to meet our future capital needs, including to invest in areas for growth or to acquire complementary businesses. For example, due to the impacts on our business of the Pandemic, including those discussed in the risk factor titled “The global COVID-19 pandemic could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations,” we applied for and received the PPP Loan on April 20, 2020 for $7.1 million. While we initiated a variety of cost reduction initiatives, we sought and obtained the PPP Loan due to our belief that such funds were necessary to support payroll costs, rent and utilities in order to avoid more drastic measures, such as deep workforce reduction, that would have likely significantly impaired our financial viability. Despite the receipt of the PPP Loan, if we do not generate sufficient cash from operations or otherwise have sufficient capital resources available, we may need to draw down additional funds under our credit facility, enter into a new financing arrangement (to the extent one is available) or dispose of certain assets to execute on our current or future business strategies, including developing new or investing in existing lines of business, maintaining our operating infrastructure, acquiring complementary businesses, hiring additional personnel or otherwise responding to competitive pressures. There can be no assurances that additional financing arrangements will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all. Furthermore, if we are able to and we raise additional funds through the issuance of convertible debt or equity securities, the percentage ownership of our existing stockholders could be significantly diluted, and these newly issued securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing stockholders. Under our existing revolving credit facility, we are party to a loan and security agreement, which restricts our ability to incur additional indebtedness and to pay dividends and, in connection with our PPP Loan, Silicon Valley Bank consented to the PPP Loan as additional permitted indebtedness. In addition, we are required to maintain an amount not less than 85% (the “Required Percentage”) of our global cash on account with the lender under the security and loan agreement, provided that such amount may fall below the Required Percentage for a period of time not to exceed 10 consecutive business days each calendar month (but in no event can the amount be less than 75% of our global cash). We are also required to maintain a Liquidity Ratio of at least 1.50 to 1.00. The Liquidity Ratio is a ratio of (a) (i) unrestricted cash and cash equivalents held by us in accounts at Silicon Valley Bank, plus (ii) an amount equal to the product of (A) our net trade accounts receivable, multiplied by (B) sixty percent (60%), to (b) (i) the outstanding principal balance of any borrowings under our credit facility, plus (ii) our accounts payable owing to artists selling works on our platforms (Society6 and Saatchi Art). Further, the Promissory Note for our PPP Loan is subject to the terms and conditions applicable to loans administered by the SBA under the CARES Act, which are continuing to evolve. Any additional debt financing that we may secure in the future could include similar or more restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities, buying or selling assets and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital, manage our business and pursue business opportunities. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, if and when needed, our ability to fund our operations, meet obligations in the normal course of business, take advantage of strategic opportunities, or otherwise respond to competitive pressures would be significantly limited.

We have debt outstanding under the PPP Loan, which is subject to the terms and conditions applicable to loans administered by the SBA under the CARES Act, and we may be subject to an audit or enforcement action related to the PPP Loan.

On April 20, 2020, we entered into the Promissory Note with Silicon Valley Bank and Silicon Valley Bank agreed to make available to us the PPP Loan in the amount of $7.1 million under the SBA Paycheck Protection Program enabled by the CARES Act. Additionally, Silicon Valley Bank consented to the PPP Loan as additional permitted indebtedness under our existing revolving credit facility. We used the proceeds to support payroll costs, rent and utilities in accordance with the relevant terms and conditions of the CARES Act. The advance under the PPP Loan bears interest at a rate per annum of 1.0%. The term of the PPP Loan is two years, ending April 20, 2022. No payments are due on the PPP Loan until November 20, 2020, although interest will accrue during the deferment period. Beginning November 20, 2020, we will pay equal monthly installments of principal and interest in the amount necessary to fully amortize

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the PPP Loan through the Maturity Date, less any amount of potential forgiveness. We may also prepay the principal of the PPP Loan at any time without incurring any prepayment penalty or premium. Under the terms of the CARES Act, all or a portion of the principal of the PPP Loan may be forgiven. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of the PPP Loan proceeds for payroll costs, mortgage interest payments, lease payments or utility payments. To obtain forgiveness, we would need to request forgiveness from Silicon Valley Bank, provide documentation in accordance with the SBA requirements and certify that the amounts we are requesting to be forgiven qualify under those requirements. While we intend to use the PPP Loan proceeds in a manner that would permit forgiveness of the PPP Loan and intend to seek forgiveness at the appropriate time, no assurance can be provided that we will obtain forgiveness of the PPP Loan in whole or in part.

The Promissory Note also provides for customary events of default, including, among others, events of default relating to failure to make payments, bankruptcy, breaches of representations, and material adverse effects. A failure by us to comply with the covenants or payment requirements specified in the Promissory Note could result in an event of default under the Promissory Note, which would give the lender the right to declare any and all borrowings outstanding, together with accrued and unpaid interest, to be immediately due and payable. If the debt under our PPP Loan were to be accelerated, we may not have sufficient cash, be able to borrow sufficient funds or be able to sell sufficient assets to repay the debt, which could immediately materially and adversely affect our cash flows, business, results of operations and financial condition.

Additionally, the Promissory Note is subject to the terms and conditions applicable to loans administered by the SBA under the CARES Act, which is subject to revisions and changes by the SBA and Congress. We may also be subject to CARES Act-specific lookbacks and audits that may be conducted by other federal agencies, including several oversight bodies created under the CARES Act. These bodies have the ability to coordinate investigations and audits and refer matters to the Department of Justice for civil or criminal enforcement and other actions. Given that we received more than $2.0 million under our PPP Loan, we will be subject to an audit by the SBA. Complying with such SBA audit could divert management resources and attention and require us to expend significant time and resources, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Actions of activist stockholders could cause us to incur substantial costs, divert management’s and the board’s attention and resources, and have an adverse effect on our business and stock price.

From time to time, we may be subject to proposals by stockholders urging us to take certain corporate actions or to nominate certain individuals to our board of directors. For example, in June 2020, we received notice from an investor group including Osmium Partners, PEAK6, Boyle Capital Opportunity Fund, Oak Investment Partners, Generation Partners, and Spectrum Equity (the “Investor Group”) of their concern with our business strategy and corporate governance. We have continued to receive communications and demands from the Investor Group. If activist stockholder activities, such as those by the Investor Group or other stockholders, continue or ensue, our business could be adversely affected, as responding to any proxy contests and reacting to other actions by activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations and divert the attention of management and our board of directors. For example, we may be required to retain the services of various professionals to advise us on activist stockholder matters, including legal, financial, and communications advisors, the costs of which may negatively impact our future financial results. In addition, perceived uncertainties as to our future direction, strategy or leadership created as a consequence of activist stockholder initiatives may result in the loss of potential business opportunities, harm our ability to attract new investors, customers, and employees, and cause our stock price to experience periods of volatility or stagnation.

Item 2.       UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Repurchases of our Common Stock

We did not repurchase any of our common stock during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Item 3.      DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

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Item 4.       MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

Item 5.       OTHER INFORMATION

None.

Item 6.       EXHIBITS

See the Exhibit Index for a list of exhibits filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Exhibit Index

Exhibit No	Description of Exhibit
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Leaf Group Ltd., as amended effective November 9, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 23, 2017)
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Leaf Group Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 14, 2016)
4.1	Form of Leaf Group Ltd. Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 14, 2016)
31.1	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
31.2	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
32.1	Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith)
32.2	Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith)
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document (filed herewith)
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (filed herewith)
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (filed herewith)
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (filed herewith)
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (filed herewith)
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (filed herewith)
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101) (filed herewith)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

LEAF GROUP LTD.
By:	/s/ Sean Moriarty
Name:	Sean Moriarty
Title:	Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
By:	/s/ Brian Gephart
Name:	Brian Gephart
Title:	Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Date: October 29, 2020

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