FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2015 |
Financial Instruments [Abstract] | |
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS |
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In the normal course of its business, the Company purchases and sells various financial instruments, which include listed and unlisted equities, corporate and sovereign debt, commodities, futures, put and call options, currency forwards, other derivatives and similar instruments sold, not yet purchased. |
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Fair Value Hierarchy |
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The Company’s financial instruments are carried at fair value, and the net unrealized gains or losses are included in net investment income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of income. |
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The following table presents the Company’s investments, categorized by the level of the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2015: |
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| | Fair value measurements as of March 31, 2015 | | | | | | | | |
| | Quoted prices in | | Significant other | | Significant | | Total | | | | | | | | |
| active markets | observable | unobservable | | | | | | | | |
Description | (Level 1) | inputs | inputs | | | | | | | | |
| | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | | | | | | | | |
Assets: | | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Debt instruments | | $ | — | | | $ | 25,078 | | | $ | 22,260 | | | $ | 47,338 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Listed equity securities | | 1,237,978 | | | 7,742 | | | — | | | 1,245,720 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Commodities | | 139,838 | | | — | | | — | | | 139,838 | | | | | | | | | |
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Private and unlisted equity securities | | — | | | — | | | 19,766 | | | 19,766 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Financial contracts receivable | | 1,065 | | | 38,654 | | | 1,763 | | | 41,482 | | | | | | | | | |
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| | $ | 1,378,881 | | | $ | 71,474 | | | $ | 43,789 | | | $ | 1,494,144 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Listed equity securities, sold not yet purchased | | $ | (1,052,141 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,052,141 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Debt instruments, sold not yet purchased | | — | | | (275,464 | ) | | — | | | (275,464 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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Financial contracts payable | | (1,634 | ) | | (38,678 | ) | | — | | | (40,312 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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| | $ | (1,053,775 | ) | | $ | (314,142 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,367,917 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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The following table presents the Company’s investments, categorized by the level of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2014: |
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| | Fair value measurements as of December 31, 2014 | | | | | | | | |
| | Quoted prices in | | Significant other | | Significant | | Total | | | | | | | | |
| active markets | observable | unobservable | | | | | | | | |
Description | (Level 1) | inputs | inputs | | | | | | | | |
| | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | | | | | | | | |
Assets: | | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Debt instruments | | $ | — | | | $ | 26,953 | | | $ | 22,259 | | | $ | 49,212 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Listed equity securities | | 1,259,298 | | | 6,877 | | | — | | | 1,266,175 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Commodities | | 96,872 | | | — | | | — | | | 96,872 | | | | | | | | | |
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Private and unlisted equity securities | | — | | | — | | | 18,719 | | | 18,719 | | | | | | | | | |
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Financial contracts receivable | | 2,463 | | | 44,708 | | | — | | | 47,171 | | | | | | | | | |
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| | $ | 1,358,633 | | | $ | 78,538 | | | $ | 40,978 | | | $ | 1,478,149 | | | | | | | | | |
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Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Listed equity securities, sold not yet purchased | | $ | (834,228 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | (834,228 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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Debt instruments, sold not yet purchased | | — | | | (256,503 | ) | | — | | | (256,503 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Financial contracts payable | | — | | | (44,592 | ) | | — | | | (44,592 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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| | $ | (834,228 | ) | | $ | (301,095 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,135,323 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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The following table presents the reconciliation of the balances for all investments measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 2015: |
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| | Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | | | | | | | | |
| | Debt instruments | | Private and unlisted equity securities | | Financial contracts receivable | | Total | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Beginning balance | | $ | 22,259 | | | $ | 18,719 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 40,978 | | | | | | | | | |
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Purchases | | — | | | 866 | | | 2,340 | | | 3,206 | | | | | | | | | |
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Sales | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Issuances | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Settlements | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Total realized and unrealized gains (losses) and amortization included in earnings, net | | 1 | | | 181 | | | (577 | ) | | (395 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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Transfers into Level 3 | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Transfers out of Level 3 | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | |
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Ending balance | | $ | 22,260 | | | $ | 19,766 | | | $ | 1,763 | | | $ | 43,789 | | | | | | | | | |
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There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2015. |
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The following table presents the reconciliation of the balances for all investments measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 2014: |
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| | Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Debt instruments | | Private and unlisted equity securities | | Total | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Beginning balance | | $ | 527 | | | $ | 46,323 | | | $ | 46,850 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Purchases | | — | | | 937 | | | 937 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Sales | | — | | | (1,956 | ) | | (1,956 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Issuances | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Settlements | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total realized and unrealized gains included in earnings, net | | 77 | | | 511 | | | 588 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Transfers into Level 3 | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Transfers out of Level 3 | | — | | | — | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Ending balance | | $ | 604 | | | $ | 45,815 | | | $ | 46,419 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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During the three months ended March 31, 2014, $10.0 million of securities at fair value based on the date of transfer, were transferred from Level 2 to Level 1 as the lock-up period restrictions on those securities expired. There were no other transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 during the three months ended March 31, 2014. |
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For the three months ended March 31, 2015, included in net investment income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of income were net realized gains relating to Level 3 securities of nil (three months ended March 31, 2014: net realized gains of $0.3 million). In addition, for the three months ended March 31, 2015, amortization expense of $0.6 million (three months ended March 31, 2014: nil) relating to financial contracts receivable valued using unobservable inputs, was included in the condensed consolidated statements of income as other income (expense), net. |
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For Level 3 classified securities still held as of the reporting date, the change in net unrealized gains for the three months ended March 31, 2015 of $0.2 million (three months ended March 31, 2014: net unrealized gains of $0.3 million), were included in net investment income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of income. |
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Investments |
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Debt instruments, trading |
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At March 31, 2015, the following investments were included in debt instruments: |
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| | Cost/ | | Unrealized | | Unrealized | | Fair | | | | | | | | |
amortized | gains | losses | value | | | | | | | | |
cost | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Corporate debt – U.S. | | $ | 23,677 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (1,417 | ) | | $ | 22,260 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Corporate debt – Non U.S. | | 2,109 | | | — | | | (1,008 | ) | | 1,101 | | | | | | | | | |
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Municipal debt – U.S. | | 2,653 | | | 287 | | | — | | | 2,940 | | | | | | | | | |
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Sovereign debt – Non U.S. | | 21,769 | | | 763 | | | (1,495 | ) | | 21,037 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total debt instruments | | $ | 50,208 | | | $ | 1,050 | | | $ | (3,920 | ) | | $ | 47,338 | | | | | | | | | |
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At December 31, 2014, the following investments were included in debt instruments: |
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| | Cost/ | | Unrealized | | Unrealized | | Fair | | | | | | | | |
amortized | gains | losses | value | | | | | | | | |
cost | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Corporate debt – U.S. | | $ | 23,677 | | | $ | 5 | | | $ | (1,423 | ) | | $ | 22,259 | | | | | | | | | |
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Corporate debt – Non U.S. | | 5,870 | | | 49 | | | (1,405 | ) | | 4,514 | | | | | | | | | |
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Municipal debt – U.S. | | 1,759 | | | — | | | (6 | ) | | 1,753 | | | | | | | | | |
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Sovereign debt – Non U.S. | | 21,769 | | | — | | | (1,083 | ) | | 20,686 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total debt instruments | | $ | 53,075 | | | $ | 54 | | | $ | (3,917 | ) | | $ | 49,212 | | | | | | | | | |
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The maturity distribution for debt instruments held at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 was as follows: |
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| | 31-Mar-15 | | 31-Dec-14 | | | | | | | | |
| | Cost/ | | Fair | | Cost/ | | Fair | | | | | | | | |
amortized | value | amortized | value | | | | | | | | |
cost | | cost | | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Within one year | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
From one to five years | | 21,959 | | | 22,017 | | | 21,922 | | | 21,923 | | | | | | | | | |
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From five to ten years | | 2,480 | | | 1,520 | | | 2,401 | | | 1,282 | | | | | | | | | |
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More than ten years | | 25,769 | | | 23,801 | | | 28,752 | | | 26,007 | | | | | | | | | |
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| | $ | 50,208 | | | $ | 47,338 | | | $ | 53,075 | | | $ | 49,212 | | | | | | | | | |
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Equity securities, trading |
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At March 31, 2015, the following long positions were included in equity securities, trading: |
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| | Cost | | Unrealized | | Unrealized | | Fair | | | | | | | | |
gains | losses | value | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Equities – listed | | $ | 1,091,172 | | | $ | 224,350 | | | $ | (89,400 | ) | | $ | 1,226,122 | | | | | | | | | |
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Exchange traded funds | | 42,126 | | | — | | | (22,528 | ) | | 19,598 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total equity securities | | $ | 1,133,298 | | | $ | 224,350 | | | $ | (111,928 | ) | | $ | 1,245,720 | | | | | | | | | |
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At December 31, 2014, the following long positions were included in equity securities, trading: |
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| | Cost | | Unrealized | | Unrealized | | Fair | | | | | | | | |
gains | losses | value | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Equities – listed | | $ | 1,079,955 | | | $ | 247,109 | | | $ | (80,637 | ) | | $ | 1,246,427 | | | | | | | | | |
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Exchange traded funds | | 42,126 | | | — | | | (22,378 | ) | | 19,748 | | | | | | | | | |
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Total equity securities | | $ | 1,122,081 | | | $ | 247,109 | | | $ | (103,015 | ) | | $ | 1,266,175 | | | | | | | | | |
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Other Investments |
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"Other investments" include commodities and private and unlisted equity securities. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, commodities were comprised of gold bullion. |
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At March 31, 2015, the following securities were included in other investments: |
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| | Cost | | Unrealized | | Unrealized | | Fair | | | | | | | | |
gains | losses | value | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Commodities | | $ | 139,130 | | | $ | 708 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 139,838 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Private and unlisted equity securities | | 18,103 | | | 3,631 | | | (1,968 | ) | | 19,766 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 157,233 | | | $ | 4,339 | | | $ | (1,968 | ) | | $ | 159,604 | | | | | | | | | |
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At December 31, 2014, the following securities were included in other investments: |
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| | Cost | | Unrealized | | Unrealized | | Fair | | | | | | | | |
gains | losses | value | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Commodities | | $ | 95,815 | | | $ | 1,057 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 96,872 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Private and unlisted equity securities | | 17,238 | | | 3,451 | | | (1,970 | ) | | 18,719 | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | 113,053 | | | $ | 4,508 | | | $ | (1,970 | ) | | $ | 115,591 | | | | | | | | | |
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As of March 31, 2015, included in private and unlisted equity securities are investments in private equity funds with a fair value of $13.3 million (December 31, 2014: $12.3 million) determined based on unadjusted net asset values reported by the managers of these securities. Some of these values were reported from periods prior to March 31, 2015. The private equity funds have varying lock-up periods and as of March 31, 2015, all of the funds had redemption restrictions, and therefore have been categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The redemption restrictions have been in place since inception of the investments and are not expected to lapse in the near future. As of March 31, 2015, the Company had $8.0 million (December 31, 2014: $8.9 million) of unfunded commitments relating to private equity funds whose fair values are determined based on unadjusted net asset values reported by the managers of these securities. These commitments are included in the amounts presented in the schedule of commitments and contingencies in Note 8 of these condensed consolidated financial statements. |
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Investments in Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased |
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Securities sold, not yet purchased are securities that the Company has sold, but does not own, in anticipation of a decline in the market value of the security. The Company’s risk is that the value of the security will increase rather than decline. Consequently, the settlement amount of the liability for securities sold, not yet purchased may exceed the amount recorded in the consolidated balance sheet as the Company is obligated to purchase the securities sold, not yet purchased in the market at prevailing prices to settle its obligations. To establish a position in security sold, not yet purchased, the Company needs to borrow the security for delivery to the buyer. On each day the transaction is open, the liability for the obligation to replace the borrowed security is marked-to-market and an unrealized gain or loss is recorded. At the time the transaction is closed, the Company realizes a gain or loss equal to the difference between the price at which the security was sold and the cost of replacing the borrowed security. While the transaction is open, the Company will also incur an expense for any dividends or interest which will be paid to the lender of the securities. |
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At March 31, 2015, the following securities were included in investments in securities sold, not yet purchased: |
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| | Proceeds | | Unrealized gains | | Unrealized losses | | Fair value | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Equities – listed | | $ | (1,006,286 | ) | | $ | 86,374 | | | $ | (116,284 | ) | | $ | (1,036,196 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Exchange traded funds | | (12,815 | ) | | — | | | (3,130 | ) | | (15,945 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Corporate debt – U.S. | | (7,066 | ) | | 1,245 | | | (5 | ) | | (5,826 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Sovereign debt – Non U.S. | | (293,186 | ) | | 23,548 | | | — | | | (269,638 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | (1,319,353 | ) | | $ | 111,167 | | | $ | (119,419 | ) | | $ | (1,327,605 | ) | | | | | | | | |
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At December 31, 2014, the following securities were included in investments in securities sold, not yet purchased: |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Proceeds | | Unrealized gains | | Unrealized losses | | Fair value | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | |
Equities – listed | | $ | (813,365 | ) | | $ | 91,690 | | | $ | (101,715 | ) | | $ | (823,390 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Exchange traded funds | | (9,180 | ) | | — | | | (1,658 | ) | | (10,838 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Corporate debt – U.S. | | (7,066 | ) | | 1,007 | | | (5 | ) | | (6,064 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
Sovereign debt – Non U.S. | | (246,589 | ) | | 6,635 | | | (10,485 | ) | | (250,439 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| | $ | (1,076,200 | ) | | $ | 99,332 | | | $ | (113,863 | ) | | $ | (1,090,731 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
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Financial Contracts |
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As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had entered into total return swaps, CDS, options, warrants, rights, futures, forwards and interest rate options contracts with various financial institutions to meet certain investment objectives. Under the terms of each of these financial contracts, the Company is either entitled to receive or is obligated to make payments which are based on the product of a formula contained within each contract that includes the change in the fair value of the underlying or reference security. |
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In addition, at March 31, 2015, the Company had entered into an ILW contract with certain third-parties in order to purchase protection against worldwide wind and earthquake exposures from January 2015 to December 2015. In return for a fixed payment, the Company is entitled to receive a floating payment in the event of losses incurred by the insurance industry, as a whole, exceeding a specified threshold. The maximum total recovery to the Company under the ILW is $12.0 million. Through March 31, 2015, the Company was not aware of any industry loss event occurring that would have triggered a recovery under the ILW. |
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At March 31, 2015, the fair values of financial contracts outstanding were as follows: |
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Financial Contracts | | Listing | | Notional amount of | | Fair value of net assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
currency (1) | underlying instruments | (obligations) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | on financial | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial contracts receivable | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forwards | | KRW | | 15,697 | | | $ | 127 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Put options (2) | | USD | | 235,354 | | | 14,730 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return swaps – equities | | EUR/GBP/HKD/MXN/USD | | 56,949 | | | 23,797 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Warrants and rights on listed equities | | EUR | | 2,684 | | | 1,065 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weather derivative swap | | USD | | 12,000 | | | 1,763 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total financial contracts receivable, at fair value | | | | | | $ | 41,482 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial contracts payable | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps, purchased – corporate debt | | USD | | 221,198 | | | $ | (806 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps, purchased – sovereign debt | | USD | | 251,467 | | | (1,112 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures | | USD | | 77,524 | | | (1,634 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return swaps – equities | | EUR/GBP/HKD/INR/RON/USD | | 109,343 | | | (36,760 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total financial contracts payable, at fair value | | | | | | $ | (40,312 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) USD =S Dollar; EUR =uro; GBP =ritish Pound; HKD =ong Kong Dollar; KRW =orean Won; MXN =exican Peso; RON =omanian New Leu; INR =ndian Rupee. |
(2) Includes options on the Japanese Yen and the Chinese Yuan, denominated in U.S. dollars. |
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At December 31, 2014, the fair values of financial contracts outstanding were as follows: |
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Financial Contracts | | Listing | | Notional amount of | | Fair value of net assets | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
currency (1) | underlying instruments | (obligations) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | on financial | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Financial contracts receivable | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures | | USD | | 13,204 | | | 3,461 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Put options (2) | | USD | | 299,907 | | | 22,349 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return swaps – equities | | EUR/GBP/HKD/USD | | 43,355 | | | 18,898 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Warrants and rights on listed equities | | EUR | | 8,054 | | | 2,463 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total financial contracts receivable, at fair value | | | | | | $ | 47,171 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Financial contracts payable | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps, purchased – corporate debt | | USD | | 221,198 | | | $ | (1,305 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Credit default swaps, purchased – sovereign debt | | USD | | 251,467 | | | (1,714 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Forwards | | KRW | | 20,563 | | | (512 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Futures | | USD | | 33,625 | | | (867 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total return swaps – equities | | EUR/GBP/HKD/INR/RON/USD | | 122,667 | | | (40,194 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total financial contracts payable, at fair value | | | | | | $ | (44,592 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) USD =S Dollar; EUR =uro; GBP =ritish Pound; HKD =ong Kong Dollar; KRW =orean Won; RON =omanian New Leu; INR =ndian Rupee. |
(2) Includes options on the Japanese Yen and the Chinese Yuan, denominated in U.S. dollars. |
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Options are derivative financial instruments that give the buyer, in exchange for a premium payment, the right, but not the obligation, to either purchase from (call option) or sell to (put option) the writer, a specified underlying security at a specified price on or before a specified date. The Company enters into option contracts to meet certain investment objectives. For exchange traded option contracts, the exchange acts as the counterparty to specific transactions and therefore bears the risk of delivery to and from counterparties of specific positions. |
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During the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company reported gains and losses on derivatives as follows: |
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Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | | Location of gains and losses on derivatives recognized in income | | Gain (loss) on derivatives recognized in income | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Three months ended March 31 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | 2015 | | 2014 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Credit default swaps, purchased – corporate debt | | Net investment income (loss) | | $ | (55 | ) | | $ | 11 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Credit default swaps, purchased – sovereign debt | | Net investment income (loss) | | (31 | ) | | (206 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forwards | | Net investment income (loss) | | 136 | | | (503 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Futures | | Net investment income (loss) | | (2,077 | ) | | (4,879 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate options | | Net investment income (loss) | | — | | | (26 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Options, warrants, and rights | | Net investment income (loss) | | (2,474 | ) | | (9,619 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total return swaps – equities | | Net investment income (loss) | | 4,223 | | | 6,419 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Weather derivative swap | | Other income (expense), net | | (577 | ) | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total | | | | $ | (855 | ) | | $ | (8,803 | ) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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The Company generally does not enter into derivatives for risk management or hedging purposes. The volume of derivative activities varies from period to period depending on potential investment opportunities. |
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For the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company’s volume of derivative activities (based on notional amounts) was as follows: |
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2015 | | Three months ended March 31 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | | Entered | | Exited | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forwards | | $ | — | | | $ | 4,725 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Futures | | 84,989 | | | 56,748 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Options, warrants and rights (1) | | — | | | 69,777 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total return swaps | | 14,900 | | | 39,748 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Weather derivative swap | | 2,340 | | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total | | $ | 102,229 | | | $ | 170,998 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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(1) Exited amount excludes options which expired or were exercised during the period. |
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For the three months ended March 31, 2014, the Company’s volume of derivative activities (based on notional amounts) was as follows: |
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2014 | | Three months ended March 31 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments | | Entered | | Exited | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | ($ in thousands) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Forwards | | $ | — | | | $ | 63,191 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures | | 35,862 | | | 114,667 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Options, warrants and rights (1) | | 402,220 | | | 59,506 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total return swaps | | 44,469 | | | 29,082 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Total | | $ | 482,551 | | | $ | 266,446 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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(1) Exited amount excludes options which expired or were exercised during the period. |
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The Company does not offset its derivative instruments and presents all amounts in the condensed consolidated balance sheets on a gross basis. The Company has pledged cash collateral to derivative counterparties to support the current value of amounts due to the counterparties based on the value of the underlying security. |
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As of March 31, 2015, the gross and net amounts of derivative instruments and the cash collateral applicable to derivative instruments were as follows: |
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March 31, 2015 | | (i) | | (ii) | | (iii) =i) - (ii) | | (iv) Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet | | (v) =iii) + (iv) |
Description | | Gross amounts of recognized assets (liabilities) | | Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet | | Net amounts of assets (liabilities) presented in the balance sheet | | Financial instruments available for offset | | Cash collateral (received) pledged | | Net amount of asset (liability) |
| | ($ in thousands) |
Financial contracts receivable | | $ | 41,482 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 41,482 | | | $ | (21,247 | ) | | $ | (10,621 | ) | | $ | 9,614 | |
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Financial contracts payable | | (40,312 | ) | | — | | | (40,312 | ) | | 21,247 | | | 19,065 | | | — | |
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As of December 31, 2014, the gross and net amounts of derivative instruments and the cash collateral applicable to derivative instruments were as follows: |
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31-Dec-14 | | (i) | | (ii) | | (iii) =i) - (ii) | | (iv) Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet | | (v) =iii) + (iv) |
Description | | Gross amounts of recognized assets (liabilities) | | Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet | | Net amounts of assets (liabilities) presented in the balance sheet | | Financial instruments available for offset | | Cash collateral (received) pledged | | Net amount of asset (liability) |
| | ($ in thousands) |
Financial contracts receivable | | $ | 47,171 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 47,171 | | | $ | (24,265 | ) | | $ | (9,452 | ) | | $ | 13,454 | |
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Financial contracts payable | | (44,592 | ) | | — | | | (44,592 | ) | | 24,265 | | | 20,327 | | | — | |
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