Expenses
Expenses totaled $18.7 million and $58.9 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, of which $11.0 million and $33.4 million, respectively, were base management fees and performance-based incentive fees and $5.5 million and $17.5 million, respectively, were interest and other credit facility expenses. Administrative services and other general and administrative expenses totaled $2.2 million and $7.9 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Expenses totaled $18.8 million and $54.7 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, of which $11.1 million and $32.4 million, respectively, were base management fees and performance-based incentive fees and $5.3 million and $16.0 million, respectively, were interest and other credit facility expenses. Administrative services and other general and administrative expenses totaled $2.4 million and $6.3 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Expenses generally consist of management and performance-based incentive fees, interest and other credit facility expenses, administrative services fees, insurance expenses, legal fees, directors’ fees, transfer agency fees, printing and proxy expenses, audit and tax services expenses, and other general and administrative expenses. Interest and other credit facility expenses generally consist of interest, unused fees, agency fees and loan origination fees, if any, among others. The increase in expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 versus the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to higher performance-based incentive fees resulting from higher income and higher interest expense resulting from an increase in average borrowings to support a larger average income producing investment portfolio.
Net Investment Income
The Company’s net investment income totaled $18.4 million and $56.4 million, or $0.44 and $1.34, per average share, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Company’s net investment income totaled $17.3 million and $49.7 million, or $0.41 and $1.18, per average share, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Net Realized Gain
The Company had investment sales and prepayments totaling approximately $161 million and $505 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Net realized gains over the same periods were $0.7 million and $1.2 million, respectively. The Company had investment sales and prepayments totaling approximately $56 million and $271 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. Net realized losses over the same periods were $8.5 million and $8.1 million, respectively. Net realized gains for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were related to the sale of select assets and the redemption of our warrants in Claret Medical. Net realized losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 were primarily related to the exit of Direct Buy Inc. from the portfolio.
Net Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss)
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, net change in unrealized gain (loss) on the Company’s assets and liabilities totaled ($1.0) million and $0.3 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, net change in unrealized gain on the Company’s assets and liabilities totaled $8.4 million and $11.4 million, respectively. Net unrealized loss for the three months ended September 30, 2018 is primarily due to depreciation in the value of our investments in Rug Doctor and NEF Holdings, among others, partially offset by appreciation on our investments in Crystal Financial LLC and Bishop Lifting Products, Inc., among others. Net unrealized gain for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is primarily due to appreciation in the value of our investments in Rug Doctor and Bishop Lifting Products, Inc., among others, partially offset by depreciation on our investments in Crystal Financial LLC and Kore Wireless Group, Inc., among others. Net unrealized gain for the three months ended September 30, 2017 is primarily due to the reversal of unrealized depreciation on our investment in Direct Buy Inc. due to its exit from the portfolio, as well as appreciation in the value of our investments in Breathe Technologies, Inc. and Aegis Toxicology Sciences Corporation, among
68