We Value Your Support at Our 2021 Annual Meeting (continued) 13 Shareholder Proposal on the Adoption of a Board policy that the Chairperson of the Board be an Independent Director After careful consideration, the Board did not feel that this proposal deserved its support. The Board believes different board structures are appropriate for different companies at different times. At our 2017 annual meeting, our CEO, Dr. Giovanni Caforio, was elected to become Chairman of the Board. The Board took numerous factors into account in approving this structure. These included:The Board believes that shareholder interests are well served when the Board has the flexibility to determine the most appropriate leadership structure based on an assessment of the Company’s needs and circumstances at any given time,The Board believes our Company and its shareholders benefit from this flexibility, as our directors are well positioned to determine our leadership structure given their in-depth knowledge of our leadership team, our strategic goals, and the opportunities and challenges we face, the strong roles played by our Lead Independent Director and the independent chairs of each of our key board committees, the independence-protecting features of our corporate governance guidelines, andHaving one individual serve in both roles positions Dr. Caforio to effectively drive future strategy and decision-making for the Company and ensures that the Company presents its message and strategy to all stakeholders with a unified voice. The Board believes having a Chairman who not only has extensive industry experience but also deep institutional knowledge of the Company serve as the Chief Executive Officer is highly advantageous for the Company at this time.Over the last two decades the Board has had different leadership structures depending on the needs of the Board and the company at the time. In particular, from 2005 until 2007 and from 2010 until 2017, the Board had a separated Chairman and CEO. Accordingly, our Board recommends a vote AGAINST these shareholder proposals Shareholder Proposal on Shareholder Right to Act by Written Consent After careful consideration, the Board did not feel that this proposal deserved its support. The request to give shareholders the right to act by written consent is unnecessary given our company’s strong corporate governance profile, including the ability of shareholders to call special meetings.Action by written consent would enable the holders of just a majority of our outstanding shares to take action on a proposal without the benefits of hearing the views, questions and arguments of other shareholders or the company.Action by written consent eliminates the need for advance notice to be given to shareholders about a proposed action, and therefore, certain shareholders may not be informed about the proposed action until after the action has already been taken. The company is committed to high standards of corporate governance and has already taken a number of steps to achieve greater transparency and accountability to shareholders, including through the adoption of proxy access shareholder right.The written consent process that this proposal seeks to authorize can be cumbersome, time consuming, costly and may lead to unnecessary disruption to the company. The Board believes that holding meetings where all shareholders may discuss the proposed actions and vote their shares is the best way for shareholders to take action and helps to ensure the accuracy and completeness of information presented to shareholders to obtain their approval.