Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | 4. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses The following table presents the Corporation’s loan portfolio by category of loans as of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019: LOAN PORTFOLIO (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) March 31, December 31, 2020 2019 $ $ Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 120,080 120,212 Agriculture mortgages 177,368 175,367 Construction 18,778 16,209 Total commercial real estate 316,226 311,788 Consumer real estate (a) 1-4 family residential mortgages 259,937 258,676 Home equity loans 10,741 9,770 Home equity lines of credit 68,633 70,809 Total consumer real estate 339,311 339,255 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 63,670 58,019 Tax-free loans 16,582 16,388 Agriculture loans 20,733 20,804 Total commercial and industrial 100,985 95,211 Consumer 5,557 5,416 Gross loans prior to deferred fees 762,079 751,670 Deferred loan costs, net 2,041 1,948 Allowance for loan losses (9,803 ) (9,447 ) Total net loans 754,317 744,171 (a) Real estate loans serviced for others, which are not included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, totaled $162,246,000 and $154,577,000 as of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Corporation grades commercial credits differently than consumer credits. The following tables represent all of the Corporation’s commercial credit exposures by internally assigned grades as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The grading analysis estimates the capability of the borrower to repay the contractual obligations under the loan agreements as scheduled. The Corporation's internal commercial credit risk grading system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans. The Corporation's internally assigned grades for commercial credits are as follows: · Pass – loans which are protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the underlying collateral. · Special Mention – loans where a potential weakness or risk exists, which could cause a more serious problem if not corrected. · Substandard – loans that have a well-defined weakness based on objective evidence and characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. · Doubtful – loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard asset. In addition, these weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, based on existing circumstances. · Loss – loans classified as a loss are considered uncollectible, or of such value that continuance as an asset is not warranted. COMMERCIAL CREDIT EXPOSURE CREDIT RISK PROFILE BY INTERNALLY ASSIGNED GRADE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) March 31, 2020 Commercial Agriculture Construction Commercial Tax-free Agriculture Total $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Grade: Pass 117,329 160,221 18,778 57,634 16,582 18,671 389,215 Special Mention 818 4,133 — 842 — 836 6,629 Substandard 1,933 13,014 — 5,141 — 1,226 21,314 Doubtful — — — 53 — — 53 Loss — — — — — — — Total 120,080 177,368 18,778 63,670 16,582 20,733 417,211 December 31, 2019 Commercial Agriculture Construction Commercial Tax-free Agriculture Total $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Grade: Pass 117,875 158,896 16,209 52,028 16,388 18,530 379,926 Special Mention 827 4,546 — 618 — 939 6,930 Substandard 1,510 11,925 — 5,293 — 1,335 20,063 Doubtful — — — 80 — — 80 Loss — — — — — — — Total 120,212 175,367 16,209 58,019 16,388 20,804 406,999 Substandard loans increased by $1.2 million, or 6.0%, while special mention loans have declined minimally from December 31, 2019 to March 31, 2020. Substandard loans increased from $20.1 million to $21.3 million from December 31, 2019, to March 31, 2020 while special mention loans decreased from $6.9 million to $6.6 million during this same period. During the first quarter of 2020, agricultural dairy loans amounting to $2.0 million to two separate borrowers were downgraded to substandard. Of that $2.0 million, $1.0 million was downgraded from special mention to substandard. Additionally, two residential mortgages totaling $1.2 million were downgraded to substandard. For consumer loans, the Corporation evaluates credit quality based on whether the loan is considered performing or non-performing. Non-performing loans consist of those loans greater than 90 days delinquent and nonaccrual loans. The following tables present the balances of consumer loans by classes of the loan portfolio based on payment performance as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019: CONSUMER CREDIT EXPOSURE CREDIT RISK PROFILE BY PAYMENT PERFORMANCE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) March 31, 2020 1-4 Family Home Equity Home Equity Consumer Total Payment performance: $ $ $ $ $ Performing 259,318 10,649 68,623 5,547 344,137 Non-performing 619 92 10 10 731 Total 259,937 10,741 68,633 5,557 344,868 December 31, 2019 1-4 Family Home Equity Home Equity Consumer Total Payment performance: $ $ $ $ $ Performing 257,374 9,678 70,799 5,412 343,263 Non-performing 1,302 92 10 4 1,408 Total 258,676 9,770 70,809 5,416 344,671 The following tables present an age analysis of the Corporation’s past due loans, segregated by loan portfolio class, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019: AGING OF LOANS RECEIVABLE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Greater 30-59 Days 60-89 Days than 90 Total Past Total Loans March 31, 2020 Past Due Past Due Days Due Current Receivable $ $ $ $ $ $ Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 121 — 227 348 119,732 120,080 Agriculture mortgages 1,154 — 1,046 2,200 175,168 177,368 Construction — — — — 18,778 18,778 Consumer real estate 1-4 family residential mortgages 1,029 186 619 1,834 258,103 259,937 Home equity loans 28 3 92 123 10,618 10,741 Home equity lines of credit 9 — 10 19 68,614 68,633 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial — — 534 534 63,136 63,670 Tax-free loans — — — — 16,582 16,582 Agriculture loans — — — — 20,733 20,733 Consumer 26 10 10 46 5,511 5,557 Total 2,367 199 2,538 5,104 756,975 762,079 AGING OF LOANS RECEIVABLE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Greater 30-59 Days 60-89 Days than 90 Total Past Total Loans December 31, 2019 Past Due Past Due Days Due Current Receivable $ $ $ $ $ $ Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages — — 228 228 119,984 120,212 Agriculture mortgages 962 — 1,070 2,032 173,335 175,367 Construction — — — — 16,209 16,209 Consumer real estate 1-4 family residential mortgages 2,254 161 1,302 3,717 254,959 258,676 Home equity loans 52 — 92 144 9,626 9,770 Home equity lines of credit 43 — 10 53 70,756 70,809 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 68 — 538 606 57,413 58,019 Tax-free loans — — — — 16,388 16,388 Agriculture loans 2 — — 2 20,802 20,804 Consumer 14 12 4 30 5,386 5,416 Total 3,395 173 3,244 6,812 744,858 751,670 The following table presents nonaccrual loans by classes of the loan portfolio as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019: NONACCRUAL LOANS BY LOAN CLASS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) March 31, December 31, 2020 2019 $ $ Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 227 228 Agriculture mortgages 1,046 1,070 Construction — — Consumer real estate 1-4 family residential mortgages 493 495 Home equity loans 92 92 Home equity lines of credit — — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 534 538 Tax-free loans — — Agriculture loans — — Consumer — — Total 2,392 2,423 As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, all of the Corporation’s commercial loans on nonaccrual status were also considered impaired. Information with respect to impaired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, is as follows: IMPAIRED LOANS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 2019 $ $ Average recorded balance of impaired loans 3,937 2,697 Interest income recognized on impaired loans 35 11 There were no loan modifications made during the first quarter of 2020. There was one loan modification that occurred during the first quarter of 2019, constituting a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). A modification of the payment terms to a loan customer are considered a TDR if a concession was made to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty. A concession is generally defined as more favorable payment or credit terms granted to a borrower in an effort to improve the likelihood of the lender collecting principal in its entirety. Concessions usually are in the form of interest only for a period of time, or a lower interest rate offered in an effort to enable the borrower to continue to make normally scheduled payments. In the first quarter of 2019, a loan modification was made on a $718,000 agricultural mortgage which moved the timing of the annual principal payment and changed interest payments from monthly to annually. The farmer had suffered a fire loss in late 2018 impacting one year’s harvest. The principal and interest payment due date was reset to November 15, 2019, when it was paid. No other loans were modified during 2019. Included in the impaired loan portfolio are three loans that are being reported as TDRs. The balance of these three TDR loans was $1,949,000 as of March 31, 2020. One of these TDR loans with a balance of $439,000 is also on nonaccrual and is included under agricultural mortgages shown in the nonaccrual table above. For both of these TDR loans the borrowers have a history of being delinquent. Management will continue to report these loans as TDR loans until they have been paid off or charged off. The following tables summarize information regarding impaired loans by loan portfolio class as of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019: IMPAIRED LOAN ANALYSIS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) March 31, 2020 Recorded Unpaid Related Average Interest $ $ $ $ $ With no related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 720 763 — 723 — Agriculture mortgages 1,879 1,909 — 1,894 24 Construction — — — — — Total commercial real estate 2,599 2,672 — 2,617 24 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial — — — — — Tax-free loans — — — — — Agriculture loans — — — — — Total commercial and industrial — — — — — Total with no related allowance 2,599 2,672 — 2,617 24 With an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 92 100 49 92 — Agriculture mortgages 677 677 12 692 5 Construction — — — — — Total commercial real estate 769 777 61 784 5 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 534 549 53 536 — Tax-free loans — — — — — Agriculture loans — — — — — Total commercial and industrial 534 549 53 536 — Total with a related allowance 1,303 1,326 114 1,320 5 Total by loan class: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 812 863 49 815 — Agriculture mortgages 2,556 2,586 12 2,586 29 Construction — — — — — Total commercial real estate 3,368 3,449 61 3,401 29 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 534 549 53 536 — Tax-free loans — — — — — Agriculture loans — — — — — Total commercial and industrial 534 549 53 536 — Total 3,902 3,998 114 3,937 29 IMPAIRED LOAN ANALYSIS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) December 31, 2019 Recorded Unpaid Related Average Interest $ $ $ $ $ With no related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 724 765 — 859 — Agriculture mortgages 1,912 1,928 — 1,903 43 Construction — — — — — Total commercial real estate 2,636 2,693 — 2,762 43 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial — — — — — Tax-free loans — — — — — Agriculture loans — — — — — Total commercial and industrial — — — — — Total with no related allowance 2,636 2,693 — 2,762 43 With an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 92 100 49 93 — Agriculture mortgages 718 718 60 760 — Construction — — — — — Total commercial real estate 810 818 109 853 — Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 538 549 80 261 — Tax-free loans — — — — — Agriculture loans — — — — — Total commercial and industrial 538 549 80 261 — Total with a related allowance 1,348 1,367 189 1,114 — Total by loan class: Commercial real estate Commercial mortgages 816 865 49 952 — Agriculture mortgages 2,630 2,646 60 2,663 43 Construction — — — — — Total commercial real estate 3,446 3,511 109 3,615 43 Commercial and industrial Commercial and industrial 538 549 80 261 — Tax-free loans — — — — — Agriculture loans — — — — — Total commercial and industrial 538 549 80 261 — Total 3,984 4,060 189 3,876 43 The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2020: ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Commercial Consumer Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total $ $ $ $ $ $ Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance - December 31, 2019 4,319 2,855 1,784 41 448 9,447 Charge-offs — — — (6 ) — (6 ) Recoveries 11 — 1 — — 12 Provision 252 296 171 21 (390 ) 350 Balance - March 31, 2020 4,582 3,151 1,956 56 58 9,803 During the three months ended March 31, 2020, management charged off $6,000 in loans while recovering $12,000 and added $350,000 to the provision. The unallocated portion of the allowance decreased from 4.7% of total reserves as of December 31, 2019, to 0.6% as of March 31, 2020. Management monitors the unallocated portion of the allowance with a desire to maintain it at approximately 5% over the long term, with a requirement of it not to exceed 10%. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, net provision expense was recorded for all sectors. The higher provision was primarily caused by increasing the qualitative factors across all industry lines to various degrees as a result of the impact from COVID-19. A qualitative factor was increased for business loans specifically related to the special federal governmental lending programs developed as a result of COVID-19. There were minimal charge-offs and recoveries recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2020, so the provision expense was primarily related to this change in economic conditions and potential for credit declines moving forward. The total amount of substandard loans at the end of the first quarter of 2020 was slightly higher resulting in slightly more provision expense. As of March 31, 2020, the Corporation’s total delinquencies were 0.67%, a decline from 0.91% at December 31, 2019. The Corporation’s total delinquencies continue to compare favorably to the national uniform bank performance group, which was at 1.05% as of December 31, 2019. The Corporation reduced one qualitative factor for residential mortgages in the first quarter of 2020; this factor had been increased in the fourth quarter of 2019 because of higher delinquency. However, mortgage loan delinquency declined in the first quarter of 2020. Delinquency among agriculture loans, excluding loans to dairy farmers, has continued to increase, and ended at 2.32% at March 31, 2020. A total of six agriculture loans were delinquent at this time. Outside of the above measurements and indicators, management continues to utilize nine qualitative factors to continually refine the potential credit risks across the Corporation’s various loan types. In addition, the loan portfolio is sectored out into nine different categories to evaluate these qualitative factors. A total score of the qualitative factors for each loan sector is calculated to utilize in the allowance for loan loss calculation. The agricultural dairy sector carries the highest level of qualitative factors due to the long-term weakness in milk prices. While the dairy market had improved recently, COVID-19 caused a sharp decline in milk prices. T ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) Commercial Consumer Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total $ $ $ $ $ $ Allowance for credit losses: Beginning balance - December 31, 2018 4,296 2,408 1,428 102 432 8,666 Charge-offs — — — (17 ) — (17 ) Recoveries 44 — 13 — — 57 Provision 148 (140 ) 128 16 28 180 Balance - March 31, 2019 4,488 2,268 1,569 101 460 8,886 During the three months ended March 31, 2019, management charged off $17,000 in loans while recovering $57,000 and added $180,000 to the provision. The growth in the loan portfolio was primarily responsible for the $180,000 of additional provision. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, provision expenses were primarily recorded for the commercial real estate and commercial and industrial segments, while a credit provision was recorded in the consumer real estate segment due to very low historical loss experience. In the two quarters prior to the first quarter of 2019, management had adjusted the qualitative factors across the loan portfolio to better reflect the forward risk in each loan segment. This resulted in more provision expense being allocated to commercial real estate loans and less to residential real estate loans. While the Corporation had been experiencing more residential real estate growth than commercial real estate growth, when the performance of these respective borrowers declines, the potential for loan losses is more pronounced with commercial real estate loans. The impact of negative economic events is more volatile with commercial real estate loans. Supporting this conclusion, the Corporation’s level of delinquencies remained higher with commercial real estate loans than residential real estate loans. The Corporation’s commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loan provision allocations are also influenced by the levels of classified loans. For both of these categories the level of classified loans increased significantly since December 31, 2018, with commercial real estate increasing 31.7% and commercial and industrial increasing over four fold, but on a much smaller loan segment. This is what caused the Corporation to allocate $148,000 of provision expense to commercial real estate and $128,000 to commercial and industrial, while reducing consumer real estate by $140,000. The smallest out of all the loan segments is the unsecured consumer loan segment, where the $16,000 provision allocation was nearly a match to the $17,000 of consumer charge-offs that occurred in the first quarter of 2019. The following tables present the balance in the allowance for credit losses and the recorded investment in loans receivable by portfolio segment based on impairment method as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019: ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES AND RECORDED INVESTMENT IN LOANS RECEIVABLE (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) As of March 31, 2020: Commercial Real Consumer Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total $ $ $ $ $ $ Allowance for credit losses: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 61 — 53 — — 114 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 4,521 3,151 1,903 56 58 9,689 Loans receivable: Ending balance 316,226 339,311 100,985 5,557 762,079 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 3,368 — 534 — 3,902 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 312,858 339,311 100,451 5,557 758,177 As of December 31, 2019: Commercial Real Consumer Commercial Consumer Unallocated Total $ $ $ $ $ $ Allowance for credit losses: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 109 — 80 — — 189 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 4,210 2,855 1,704 41 448 9,258 Loans receivable: Ending balance 311,788 339,255 95,211 5,416 751,670 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment 3,446 — 538 — 3,984 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 308,342 339,255 94,673 5,416 747,686 COVID-19 Loan Forbearance Programs As of March 31, 2020, over 105 of the Corporation’s customers had requested payment deferrals or payments of interest only on loans totaling $17.4 million. In accordance with interagency guidance issued in March 2020, these short-term deferrals are not considered troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) unless the borrower was previously experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the risk-rating on COVID-19 modified loans did not change, and these loans will not be considered past due until after the deferral period is over and scheduled payments resume. The credit quality of these loans will be reevaluated after the deferral period ends. Through April 30, 2020, the Corporation has modified an additional 150 loans totaling $46.6 million, which are primarily commercial loans. Therefore, including the loans modified in March, a total of $64.0 million of loans have had payments deferred under the COVID-19 guidance. Of the $64.0 million of loan balances with payments being deferred, $52.6 million, or 82.2% were in the form of commercial or agricultural loan deferments, with vast majority of these commercial loan deferrals. The remaining $11.4 million of loan balances with payments being deferred were in the form of residential mortgage deferrals. Nearly all of the COVID-19 loan payment deferrals were for a 90-day period. As of March 31, 2010, the Corporation’s delinquent, non-performing, and impaired loans were not yet materially impacted by the rapidly declining economic conditions brought on by COVID-19. However, due to the magnitude of this economic interruption, management does anticipate that these levels will rise in the second quarter of 2020, and will likely show further deterioration as the year progresses, depending on the length of time business operations are curtailed or limited and the amount of time it takes for consumer confidence to rebuild and engage into increased purchasing activities. Therefore, it is likely the Corporation’s provision for loan losses would also increase over the next several quarters should the level of these credit measurements increase. |